[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163246},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method":3,"nav-reference":1407},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1400,"extension":1401,"meta":1402,"navigation":127,"path":1403,"seo":1404,"stem":1405,"__hash__":1406},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1367},"minimark",[9,19,26,37,42,157,162,179,191,198,203,217,225,229,245,248,265,268,351,355,358,361,378,384,441,447,463,467,470,575,578,624,627,631,640,642,668,671,690,698,705,708,796,807,810,891,904,907,912,917,931,988,993,997,1008,1060,1072,1077,1081,1093,1144,1155,1159,1164,1189,1192,1253,1256,1270,1274,1281,1287,1294,1303,1307,1316,1320,1329,1333,1363],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-pop-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"pop()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,27,28,29,33,34,36],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"not"," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,35,17],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"quick-example","Quick example",[43,44,49],"pre",{"className":45,"code":46,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n","python","",[15,50,51,101,122,129,145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53,56,60,64,68,72,76,78,81,84,87,89,91,93,96,98],"span",{"class":54,"line":55},"line",1,[52,57,59],{"class":58},"su5hD","items ",[52,61,63],{"class":62},"smGrS","=",[52,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E"," {",[52,69,71],{"class":70},"sjJ54","\"",[52,73,75],{"class":74},"s_sjI","apple",[52,77,71],{"class":70},[52,79,80],{"class":66},",",[52,82,83],{"class":70}," \"",[52,85,86],{"class":74},"banana",[52,88,71],{"class":70},[52,90,80],{"class":66},[52,92,83],{"class":70},[52,94,95],{"class":74},"cherry",[52,97,71],{"class":70},[52,99,100],{"class":66},"}\n",[52,102,104,107,109,112,115,119],{"class":54,"line":103},2,[52,105,106],{"class":58},"removed ",[52,108,63],{"class":62},[52,110,111],{"class":58}," items",[52,113,114],{"class":66},".",[52,116,118],{"class":117},"slqww","pop",[52,120,121],{"class":66},"()\n",[52,123,125],{"class":54,"line":124},3,[52,126,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},true,"\n",[52,130,132,136,139,142],{"class":54,"line":131},4,[52,133,135],{"class":134},"sptTA","print",[52,137,138],{"class":66},"(",[52,140,141],{"class":117},"removed",[52,143,144],{"class":66},")\n",[52,146,148,150,152,155],{"class":54,"line":147},5,[52,149,135],{"class":134},[52,151,138],{"class":66},[52,153,154],{"class":117},"items",[52,156,144],{"class":66},[20,158,159],{},[30,160,161],{},"What this does:",[163,164,165,171,176],"ul",{},[166,167,168,169],"li",{},"Removes one item from ",[15,170,154],{},[166,172,173,174],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,175,141],{},[166,177,178],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,180,181,184,185,187,188,190],{},[30,182,183],{},"Important:"," ",[15,186,24],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,189,32],{}," chosen by index.",[38,192,194,195,197],{"id":193},"what-setpop-does","What ",[15,196,24],{}," does",[20,199,200,202],{},[15,201,24],{},":",[163,204,205,208,211,214],{},[166,206,207],{},"Removes one item from a set",[166,209,210],{},"Returns the removed item",[166,212,213],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[166,215,216],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,218,219,220,114],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[221,222,224],"a",{"href":223},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F","Python sets explained",[38,226,228],{"id":227},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[43,230,232],{"className":45,"code":231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,233,234],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,235,236,239,241,243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,237,238],{"class":58},"my_set",[52,240,114],{"class":66},[52,242,118],{"class":117},[52,244,121],{"class":66},[20,246,247],{},"Key points:",[163,249,250,256,262],{},[166,251,252,253],{},"The syntax is ",[15,254,255],{},"my_set.pop()",[166,257,258,259],{},"It takes ",[30,260,261],{},"no arguments",[166,263,264],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,266,267],{},"Example:",[43,269,271],{"className":45,"code":270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,272,273,309,325,329,340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,274,275,278,280,282,284,287,289,291,293,296,298,300,302,305,307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,276,277],{"class":58},"colors ",[52,279,63],{"class":62},[52,281,67],{"class":66},[52,283,71],{"class":70},[52,285,286],{"class":74},"red",[52,288,71],{"class":70},[52,290,80],{"class":66},[52,292,83],{"class":70},[52,294,295],{"class":74},"blue",[52,297,71],{"class":70},[52,299,80],{"class":66},[52,301,83],{"class":70},[52,303,304],{"class":74},"green",[52,306,71],{"class":70},[52,308,100],{"class":66},[52,310,311,314,316,319,321,323],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,312,313],{"class":58},"item ",[52,315,63],{"class":62},[52,317,318],{"class":58}," colors",[52,320,114],{"class":66},[52,322,118],{"class":117},[52,324,121],{"class":66},[52,326,327],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,328,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,330,331,333,335,338],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,332,135],{"class":134},[52,334,138],{"class":66},[52,336,337],{"class":117},"item",[52,339,144],{"class":66},[52,341,342,344,346,349],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,343,135],{"class":134},[52,345,138],{"class":66},[52,347,348],{"class":117},"colors",[52,350,144],{"class":66},[38,352,354],{"id":353},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,356,357],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,359,360],{},"That means:",[163,362,363,369,372],{},[166,364,365,366,368],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,367,17],{}," removes",[166,370,371],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[166,373,374,375,377],{},"You should not use ",[15,376,17],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,379,380,381,383],{},"For example, this is ",[30,382,32],{}," valid:",[43,385,387],{"className":45,"code":386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,388,389,422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,390,391,394,396,398,400,402,404,406,408,410,412,414,416,418,420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,392,393],{"class":58},"fruits ",[52,395,63],{"class":62},[52,397,67],{"class":66},[52,399,71],{"class":70},[52,401,75],{"class":74},[52,403,71],{"class":70},[52,405,80],{"class":66},[52,407,83],{"class":70},[52,409,86],{"class":74},[52,411,71],{"class":70},[52,413,80],{"class":66},[52,415,83],{"class":70},[52,417,95],{"class":74},[52,419,71],{"class":70},[52,421,100],{"class":66},[52,423,424,427,429,431,433,435,437,439],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,425,426],{"class":58},"fruits",[52,428,114],{"class":66},[52,430,118],{"class":117},[52,432,138],{"class":66},[52,434,71],{"class":70},[52,436,75],{"class":74},[52,438,71],{"class":70},[52,440,144],{"class":66},[20,442,443,444,446],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,445,24],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,448,449,450,456,457,114],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[221,451,453],{"href":452},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,454,455],{},"set.remove()"," or ",[221,458,460],{"href":459},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,461,462],{},"set.discard()",[38,464,466],{"id":465},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,468,469],{},"Here is a simple example:",[43,471,473],{"className":45,"code":472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,474,475,511,515,531,535,555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,476,477,480,482,484,486,489,491,493,495,498,500,502,504,507,509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,478,479],{"class":58},"animals ",[52,481,63],{"class":62},[52,483,67],{"class":66},[52,485,71],{"class":70},[52,487,488],{"class":74},"cat",[52,490,71],{"class":70},[52,492,80],{"class":66},[52,494,83],{"class":70},[52,496,497],{"class":74},"dog",[52,499,71],{"class":70},[52,501,80],{"class":66},[52,503,83],{"class":70},[52,505,506],{"class":74},"rabbit",[52,508,71],{"class":70},[52,510,100],{"class":66},[52,512,513],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,514,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,516,517,520,522,525,527,529],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,518,519],{"class":58},"removed_animal ",[52,521,63],{"class":62},[52,523,524],{"class":58}," animals",[52,526,114],{"class":66},[52,528,118],{"class":117},[52,530,121],{"class":66},[52,532,533],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,534,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,536,537,539,541,543,546,548,550,553],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,538,135],{"class":134},[52,540,138],{"class":66},[52,542,71],{"class":70},[52,544,545],{"class":74},"Removed:",[52,547,71],{"class":70},[52,549,80],{"class":66},[52,551,552],{"class":117}," removed_animal",[52,554,144],{"class":66},[52,556,558,560,562,564,567,569,571,573],{"class":54,"line":557},6,[52,559,135],{"class":134},[52,561,138],{"class":66},[52,563,71],{"class":70},[52,565,566],{"class":74},"Updated set:",[52,568,71],{"class":70},[52,570,80],{"class":66},[52,572,524],{"class":117},[52,574,144],{"class":66},[20,576,577],{},"Possible output:",[43,579,581],{"className":45,"code":580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,582,583,593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,584,585,588,590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,586,587],{"class":58},"Removed",[52,589,202],{"class":66},[52,591,592],{"class":58}," dog\n",[52,594,595,598,602,604,606,609,611,613,615,618,620,622],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,596,597],{"class":58},"Updated ",[52,599,601],{"class":600},"sZMiF","set",[52,603,202],{"class":66},[52,605,67],{"class":66},[52,607,608],{"class":70},"'",[52,610,488],{"class":74},[52,612,608],{"class":70},[52,614,80],{"class":66},[52,616,617],{"class":70}," '",[52,619,506],{"class":74},[52,621,608],{"class":70},[52,623,100],{"class":66},[20,625,626],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[38,628,630],{"id":629},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,632,633,634,636,637,114],{},"Calling ",[15,635,17],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,638,639],{},"KeyError",[20,641,267],{},[43,643,645],{"className":45,"code":644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,646,647,658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,648,649,651,653,656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,650,59],{"class":58},[52,652,63],{"class":62},[52,654,655],{"class":600}," set",[52,657,121],{"class":66},[52,659,660,662,664,666],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,661,154],{"class":58},[52,663,114],{"class":66},[52,665,118],{"class":117},[52,667,121],{"class":66},[20,669,670],{},"This raises:",[43,672,674],{"className":45,"code":673,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,675,676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,677,678,680,682,684,687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,679,639],{"class":600},[52,681,202],{"class":66},[52,683,617],{"class":70},[52,685,686],{"class":74},"pop from an empty set",[52,688,689],{"class":70},"'\n",[20,691,692,693,697],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[221,694,696],{"href":695},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[699,700,702,703],"h3",{"id":701},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,704,17],{},[20,706,707],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[43,709,711],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,712,713,723,727,738,753,773,780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,714,715,717,719,721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,716,59],{"class":58},[52,718,63],{"class":62},[52,720,655],{"class":600},[52,722,121],{"class":66},[52,724,725],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,726,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,728,729,733,735],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,730,732],{"class":731},"sVHd0","if",[52,734,111],{"class":58},[52,736,737],{"class":66},":\n",[52,739,740,743,745,747,749,751],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,741,742],{"class":58},"    removed ",[52,744,63],{"class":62},[52,746,111],{"class":58},[52,748,114],{"class":66},[52,750,118],{"class":117},[52,752,121],{"class":66},[52,754,755,758,760,762,764,766,768,771],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,756,757],{"class":134},"    print",[52,759,138],{"class":66},[52,761,71],{"class":70},[52,763,545],{"class":74},[52,765,71],{"class":70},[52,767,80],{"class":66},[52,769,770],{"class":117}," removed",[52,772,144],{"class":66},[52,774,775,778],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,776,777],{"class":731},"else",[52,779,737],{"class":66},[52,781,783,785,787,789,792,794],{"class":54,"line":782},7,[52,784,757],{"class":134},[52,786,138],{"class":66},[52,788,71],{"class":70},[52,790,791],{"class":74},"The set is empty.",[52,793,71],{"class":70},[52,795,144],{"class":66},[699,797,799,800,803,804],{"id":798},"use-try-and-except","Use ",[15,801,802],{},"try"," and ",[15,805,806],{},"except",[20,808,809],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[43,811,813],{"className":45,"code":812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,814,815,825,829,835,849,867,876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,816,817,819,821,823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,818,59],{"class":58},[52,820,63],{"class":62},[52,822,655],{"class":600},[52,824,121],{"class":66},[52,826,827],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,828,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,830,831,833],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,832,802],{"class":731},[52,834,737],{"class":66},[52,836,837,839,841,843,845,847],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,838,742],{"class":58},[52,840,63],{"class":62},[52,842,111],{"class":58},[52,844,114],{"class":66},[52,846,118],{"class":117},[52,848,121],{"class":66},[52,850,851,853,855,857,859,861,863,865],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,852,757],{"class":134},[52,854,138],{"class":66},[52,856,71],{"class":70},[52,858,545],{"class":74},[52,860,71],{"class":70},[52,862,80],{"class":66},[52,864,770],{"class":117},[52,866,144],{"class":66},[52,868,869,871,874],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,870,806],{"class":731},[52,872,873],{"class":600}," KeyError",[52,875,737],{"class":66},[52,877,878,880,882,884,887,889],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,879,757],{"class":134},[52,881,138],{"class":66},[52,883,71],{"class":70},[52,885,886],{"class":74},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[52,888,71],{"class":70},[52,890,144],{"class":66},[38,892,894,895,897,898,897,901],{"id":893},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard","When to use ",[15,896,17],{}," vs ",[15,899,900],{},"remove()",[15,902,903],{},"discard()",[20,905,906],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[699,908,799,910],{"id":909},"use-pop",[15,911,17],{},[20,913,799,914,916],{},[15,915,17],{}," when:",[163,918,919,925,928],{},[166,920,921,922],{},"You want to remove ",[30,923,924],{},"any one item",[166,926,927],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[166,929,930],{},"You want the removed item returned",[43,932,934],{"className":45,"code":933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,935,936,961,977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,937,938,941,943,945,949,951,954,956,959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,939,940],{"class":58},"numbers ",[52,942,63],{"class":62},[52,944,67],{"class":66},[52,946,948],{"class":947},"srdBf","1",[52,950,80],{"class":66},[52,952,953],{"class":947}," 2",[52,955,80],{"class":66},[52,957,958],{"class":947}," 3",[52,960,100],{"class":66},[52,962,963,966,968,971,973,975],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,964,965],{"class":58},"value ",[52,967,63],{"class":62},[52,969,970],{"class":58}," numbers",[52,972,114],{"class":66},[52,974,118],{"class":117},[52,976,121],{"class":66},[52,978,979,981,983,986],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,980,135],{"class":134},[52,982,138],{"class":66},[52,984,985],{"class":117},"value",[52,987,144],{"class":66},[699,989,799,991],{"id":990},"use-remove",[15,992,900],{},[20,994,799,995,916],{},[15,996,900],{},[163,998,999,1005],{},[166,1000,1001,1002],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,1003,1004],{},"specific item",[166,1006,1007],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[43,1009,1011],{"className":45,"code":1010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1012,1013,1033,1050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1014,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027,1029,1031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1016,940],{"class":58},[52,1018,63],{"class":62},[52,1020,67],{"class":66},[52,1022,948],{"class":947},[52,1024,80],{"class":66},[52,1026,953],{"class":947},[52,1028,80],{"class":66},[52,1030,958],{"class":947},[52,1032,100],{"class":66},[52,1034,1035,1038,1040,1043,1045,1048],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1036,1037],{"class":58},"numbers",[52,1039,114],{"class":66},[52,1041,1042],{"class":117},"remove",[52,1044,138],{"class":66},[52,1046,1047],{"class":947},"2",[52,1049,144],{"class":66},[52,1051,1052,1054,1056,1058],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1053,135],{"class":134},[52,1055,138],{"class":66},[52,1057,1037],{"class":117},[52,1059,144],{"class":66},[20,1061,1062,1063,1065,1066,1071],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,1064,900],{}," raises an error. See the ",[221,1067,1068,1070],{"href":452},[15,1069,455],{}," method"," for details.",[699,1073,799,1075],{"id":1074},"use-discard",[15,1076,903],{},[20,1078,799,1079,916],{},[15,1080,903],{},[163,1082,1083,1087],{},[166,1084,1001,1085],{},[30,1086,1004],{},[166,1088,1089,1090,1092],{},"You do ",[30,1091,32],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[43,1094,1096],{"className":45,"code":1095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,1097,1098,1118,1134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1099,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1101,940],{"class":58},[52,1103,63],{"class":62},[52,1105,67],{"class":66},[52,1107,948],{"class":947},[52,1109,80],{"class":66},[52,1111,953],{"class":947},[52,1113,80],{"class":66},[52,1115,958],{"class":947},[52,1117,100],{"class":66},[52,1119,1120,1122,1124,1127,1129,1132],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1121,1037],{"class":58},[52,1123,114],{"class":66},[52,1125,1126],{"class":117},"discard",[52,1128,138],{"class":66},[52,1130,1131],{"class":947},"5",[52,1133,144],{"class":66},[52,1135,1136,1138,1140,1142],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1137,135],{"class":134},[52,1139,138],{"class":66},[52,1141,1037],{"class":117},[52,1143,144],{"class":66},[20,1145,1146,1147,1149,1150,1154],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,1148,1131],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[221,1151,1152,1070],{"href":459},[15,1153,462],{}," for more examples.",[38,1156,1158],{"id":1157},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1160,1161,1162,202],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,1163,24],{},[163,1165,1166,1172,1178,1183],{},[166,1167,1168,1169],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,1170,1171],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[166,1173,1174,1175,1177],{},"Expecting ",[15,1176,17],{}," to remove the first or last item",[166,1179,633,1180,1182],{},[15,1181,17],{}," on an empty set",[166,1184,1185,1186,1188],{},"Using ",[15,1187,17],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,1190,1191],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[43,1193,1195],{"className":45,"code":1194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,1196,1197,1207,1223,1238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1198,1199,1201,1203,1205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1200,135],{"class":134},[52,1202,138],{"class":66},[52,1204,238],{"class":117},[52,1206,144],{"class":66},[52,1208,1209,1211,1213,1216,1218,1220],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1210,135],{"class":134},[52,1212,138],{"class":66},[52,1214,1215],{"class":134},"len",[52,1217,138],{"class":66},[52,1219,238],{"class":117},[52,1221,1222],{"class":66},"))\n",[52,1224,1225,1227,1229,1232,1234,1236],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1226,135],{"class":134},[52,1228,138],{"class":66},[52,1230,1231],{"class":600},"type",[52,1233,138],{"class":66},[52,1235,238],{"class":117},[52,1237,1222],{"class":66},[52,1239,1240,1242,1244,1247,1249,1251],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1241,313],{"class":58},[52,1243,63],{"class":62},[52,1245,1246],{"class":58}," my_set",[52,1248,114],{"class":66},[52,1250,118],{"class":117},[52,1252,121],{"class":66},[20,1254,1255],{},"These help you confirm:",[163,1257,1258,1261,1264,1267],{},[166,1259,1260],{},"What values are in the set",[166,1262,1263],{},"Whether the set is empty",[166,1265,1266],{},"That the object is really a set",[166,1268,1269],{},"What value was actually removed",[38,1271,1273],{"id":1272},"faq","FAQ",[699,1275,1277,1278,1280],{"id":1276},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item","Does ",[15,1279,24],{}," remove the first item?",[20,1282,1283,1284,1286],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,1285,17],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[699,1288,1290,1291,1293],{"id":1289},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,1292,24],{},"?",[20,1295,1296,1297,1299,1300,1302],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,1298,17],{},", set ",[15,1301,17],{}," does not accept an index.",[699,1304,1306],{"id":1305},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,1308,1309,1310,1312,1313,1315],{},"Python raises ",[15,1311,639],{}," when ",[15,1314,17],{}," is called on an empty set.",[699,1317,1319],{"id":1318},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,1321,799,1322,456,1324,1326,1327,114],{},[15,1323,900],{},[15,1325,903],{}," instead of ",[15,1328,17],{},[38,1330,1332],{"id":1331},"see-also","See also",[163,1334,1335,1339,1346,1352,1357],{},[166,1336,1337],{},[221,1338,224],{"href":223},[166,1340,1341],{},[221,1342,1343,1344,1070],{"href":452},"Python set ",[15,1345,900],{},[166,1347,1348],{},[221,1349,1343,1350,1070],{"href":459},[15,1351,903],{},[166,1353,1354],{},[221,1355,1356],{"href":695},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[166,1358,1359],{},[221,1360,1362],{"href":1361},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to remove an item from a list in Python",[1364,1365,1366],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":1368},[1369,1370,1372,1373,1374,1375,1381,1390,1391,1399],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":193,"depth":103,"text":1371},"What set.pop() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":353,"depth":103,"text":354},{"id":465,"depth":103,"text":466},{"id":629,"depth":103,"text":630,"children":1376},[1377,1379],{"id":701,"depth":124,"text":1378},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":798,"depth":124,"text":1380},"Use try and except",{"id":893,"depth":103,"text":1382,"children":1383},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[1384,1386,1388],{"id":909,"depth":124,"text":1385},"Use pop()",{"id":990,"depth":124,"text":1387},"Use remove()",{"id":1074,"depth":124,"text":1389},"Use discard()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":1392},[1393,1395,1397,1398],{"id":1276,"depth":124,"text":1394},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":1289,"depth":124,"text":1396},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":1305,"depth":124,"text":1306},{"id":1318,"depth":124,"text":1319},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":5,"description":1400},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",[1408,3007,4722,6419,8557,10752,12270,14443,16648,19106,20944,23509,25607,27887,29825,31736,33733,35172,36998,39522,41684,42913,44283,45931,48252,50096,52078,53772,55022,56716,58466,60438,62187,64287,65647,67598,69161,71148,72943,74843,77285,79363,82003,84031,85994,88182,90185,92498,94180,95625,96814,97990,99830,102270,103969,105984,107508,108619,109782,111164,113235,115132,116906,118772,120891,122631,124093,125687,127610,129287,131222,132711,135495,137072,138631,140659,142611,144074,145263,147149,148560,150256,151810,153232,154635,156533,158927,160758],{"id":1409,"title":1410,"body":1411,"description":3001,"extension":1401,"meta":3002,"navigation":127,"path":3003,"seo":3004,"stem":3005,"__hash__":3006},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1412,"toc":2973},[1413,1416,1423,1426,1437,1440,1442,1507,1510,1530,1535,1539,1544,1546,1562,1565,1590,1593,1595,1598,1614,1617,1644,1646,1706,1708,1723,1733,1744,1748,1751,1805,1807,1827,1830,1854,1861,1865,1870,1876,1878,1914,1916,1925,1931,1949,1952,1964,1968,1973,1977,1980,2001,2003,2061,2063,2071,2074,2078,2110,2112,2120,2123,2127,2132,2180,2182,2190,2194,2254,2256,2264,2267,2269,2273,2276,2299,2308,2323,2374,2376,2391,2402,2406,2409,2438,2445,2449,2454,2495,2497,2508,2511,2554,2556,2564,2568,2573,2595,2597,2606,2615,2619,2624,2646,2648,2718,2720,2770,2773,2776,2779,2859,2861,2892,2894,2898,2901,2905,2908,2912,2915,2919,2931,2935,2938,2940,2970],[10,1414,1410],{"id":1415},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1417,1418,1419,1422],{},"The ",[15,1420,1421],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1424,1425],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[163,1427,1428,1431,1434],{},[166,1429,1430],{},"a number without its negative sign",[166,1432,1433],{},"the distance between two numbers",[166,1435,1436],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1438,1439],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[38,1441,41],{"id":40},[43,1443,1445],{"className":45,"code":1444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1446,1447,1466,1481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1448,1449,1451,1453,1456,1458,1461,1464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1450,135],{"class":134},[52,1452,138],{"class":66},[52,1454,1455],{"class":134},"abs",[52,1457,138],{"class":66},[52,1459,1460],{"class":62},"-",[52,1462,1463],{"class":947},"7",[52,1465,1222],{"class":66},[52,1467,1468,1470,1472,1474,1476,1479],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1469,135],{"class":134},[52,1471,138],{"class":66},[52,1473,1455],{"class":134},[52,1475,138],{"class":66},[52,1477,1478],{"class":947},"3.5",[52,1480,1222],{"class":66},[52,1482,1483,1485,1487,1489,1491,1493,1495,1498,1501,1505],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1484,135],{"class":134},[52,1486,138],{"class":66},[52,1488,1455],{"class":134},[52,1490,138],{"class":66},[52,1492,1460],{"class":62},[52,1494,1047],{"class":947},[52,1496,1497],{"class":62},"+",[52,1499,1500],{"class":947},"3",[52,1502,1504],{"class":1503},"sbsja","j",[52,1506,1222],{"class":66},[20,1508,1509],{},"Output:",[43,1511,1513],{"className":45,"code":1512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1514,1515,1520,1525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1516,1517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1518,1519],{"class":947},"7\n",[52,1521,1522],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1523,1524],{"class":947},"3.5\n",[52,1526,1527],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1528,1529],{"class":947},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1531,799,1532,1534],{},[15,1533,1421],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[38,1536,1538],{"id":1537},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1540,1541,1543],{},[15,1542,1421],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1545,360],{},[163,1547,1548,1551,1554],{},[166,1549,1550],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[166,1552,1553],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[166,1555,1556,1559,1560],{},[15,1557,1558],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1561,1558],{},[20,1563,1564],{},"Examples:",[163,1566,1567,1575,1583],{},[166,1568,1569,1572,1573],{},[15,1570,1571],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1574,1131],{},[166,1576,1577,1572,1580],{},[15,1578,1579],{},"abs(9)",[15,1581,1582],{},"9",[166,1584,1585,1572,1588],{},[15,1586,1587],{},"abs(0)",[15,1589,1558],{},[20,1591,1592],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[38,1594,228],{"id":227},[20,1596,1597],{},"The syntax is:",[43,1599,1601],{"className":45,"code":1600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(x)\n",[15,1602,1603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1604,1605,1607,1609,1612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1606,1455],{"class":134},[52,1608,138],{"class":66},[52,1610,1611],{"class":117},"x",[52,1613,144],{"class":66},[20,1615,1616],{},"Here:",[163,1618,1619,1636,1641],{},[166,1620,1621,1623,1624,1627,1628,1631,1632,1635],{},[15,1622,1611],{}," is usually an ",[15,1625,1626],{},"int",", ",[15,1629,1630],{},"float",", or ",[15,1633,1634],{},"complex"," number",[166,1637,1638,1640],{},[15,1639,1421],{}," returns a new value",[166,1642,1643],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1645,267],{},[43,1647,1649],{"className":45,"code":1648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1650,1651,1664,1681,1685,1695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1652,1653,1656,1658,1661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1654,1655],{"class":58},"number ",[52,1657,63],{"class":62},[52,1659,1660],{"class":62}," -",[52,1662,1663],{"class":947},"12\n",[52,1665,1666,1669,1671,1674,1676,1679],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1667,1668],{"class":58},"result ",[52,1670,63],{"class":62},[52,1672,1673],{"class":134}," abs",[52,1675,138],{"class":66},[52,1677,1678],{"class":117},"number",[52,1680,144],{"class":66},[52,1682,1683],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1684,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,1686,1687,1689,1691,1693],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,1688,135],{"class":134},[52,1690,138],{"class":66},[52,1692,1678],{"class":117},[52,1694,144],{"class":66},[52,1696,1697,1699,1701,1704],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,1698,135],{"class":134},[52,1700,138],{"class":66},[52,1702,1703],{"class":117},"result",[52,1705,144],{"class":66},[20,1707,1509],{},[43,1709,1711],{"className":45,"code":1710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-12\n12\n",[15,1712,1713,1719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1714,1715,1717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1716,1460],{"class":62},[52,1718,1663],{"class":947},[52,1720,1721],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1722,1663],{"class":947},[20,1724,1725,1726,1728,1729,1732],{},"Notice that ",[15,1727,1678],{}," is still ",[15,1730,1731],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1734,1735,1736,1743],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[221,1737,1739,1742],{"href":1738},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1740,1741],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[38,1745,1747],{"id":1746},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1749,1750],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[43,1752,1754],{"className":45,"code":1753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1755,1756,1773,1788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1757,1758,1760,1762,1764,1766,1768,1771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1759,135],{"class":134},[52,1761,138],{"class":66},[52,1763,1455],{"class":134},[52,1765,138],{"class":66},[52,1767,1460],{"class":62},[52,1769,1770],{"class":947},"10",[52,1772,1222],{"class":66},[52,1774,1775,1777,1779,1781,1783,1786],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1776,135],{"class":134},[52,1778,138],{"class":66},[52,1780,1455],{"class":134},[52,1782,138],{"class":66},[52,1784,1785],{"class":947},"8",[52,1787,1222],{"class":66},[52,1789,1790,1792,1794,1796,1798,1800,1803],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1791,135],{"class":134},[52,1793,138],{"class":66},[52,1795,1455],{"class":134},[52,1797,138],{"class":66},[52,1799,1460],{"class":62},[52,1801,1802],{"class":947},"4.2",[52,1804,1222],{"class":66},[20,1806,1509],{},[43,1808,1810],{"className":45,"code":1809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1811,1812,1817,1822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1813,1814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1815,1816],{"class":947},"10\n",[52,1818,1819],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1820,1821],{"class":947},"8\n",[52,1823,1824],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,1825,1826],{"class":947},"4.2\n",[20,1828,1829],{},"What each line does:",[163,1831,1832,1840,1847],{},[166,1833,1834,1837,1838],{},[15,1835,1836],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,1839,1770],{},[166,1841,1842,1837,1845],{},[15,1843,1844],{},"abs(8)",[15,1846,1785],{},[166,1848,1849,1837,1852],{},[15,1850,1851],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1853,1802],{},[20,1855,1856,1857,114],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[221,1858,1860],{"href":1859},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[38,1862,1864],{"id":1863},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1866,1867,1869],{},[15,1868,1421],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1871,1872,1873,1875],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1874,1558],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1877,267],{},[43,1879,1881],{"className":45,"code":1880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1882,1883,1900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1884,1885,1887,1889,1891,1894,1897],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1886,965],{"class":58},[52,1888,63],{"class":62},[52,1890,958],{"class":947},[52,1892,1893],{"class":62}," +",[52,1895,1896],{"class":947}," 4",[52,1898,1899],{"class":1503},"j\n",[52,1901,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,1903,135],{"class":134},[52,1905,138],{"class":66},[52,1907,1455],{"class":134},[52,1909,138],{"class":66},[52,1911,985],{"class":117},[52,1913,1222],{"class":66},[20,1915,1509],{},[43,1917,1919],{"className":45,"code":1918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n",[15,1920,1921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1922,1923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1924,1918],{"class":947},[20,1926,1927,1928,1293],{},"Why ",[15,1929,1930],{},"5.0",[163,1932,1933,1938,1944],{},[166,1934,1935,1936],{},"the real part is ",[15,1937,1500],{},[166,1939,1940,1941],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,1942,1943],{},"4",[166,1945,1946,1947],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,1948,1930],{},[20,1950,1951],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[163,1953,1954,1961],{},[166,1955,1956,1958,1959],{},[15,1957,1421],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,1960,1630],{},[166,1962,1963],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[38,1965,1967],{"id":1966},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,1969,1970,1971,114],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,1972,1421],{},[699,1974,1976],{"id":1975},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,1978,1979],{},"A very common pattern is:",[43,1981,1983],{"className":45,"code":1982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,1984,1985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1986,1987,1989,1991,1994,1996,1999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1988,1455],{"class":134},[52,1990,138],{"class":66},[52,1992,1993],{"class":117},"a ",[52,1995,1460],{"class":62},[52,1997,1998],{"class":117}," b",[52,2000,144],{"class":66},[20,2002,267],{},[43,2004,2006],{"className":45,"code":2005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2007,2008,2017,2027,2031,2050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2009,2010,2012,2014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2011,1993],{"class":58},[52,2013,63],{"class":62},[52,2015,2016],{"class":947}," 3\n",[52,2018,2019,2022,2024],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2020,2021],{"class":58},"b ",[52,2023,63],{"class":62},[52,2025,2026],{"class":947}," 10\n",[52,2028,2029],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2030,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,2032,2033,2036,2038,2040,2042,2044,2046,2048],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2034,2035],{"class":58},"distance ",[52,2037,63],{"class":62},[52,2039,1673],{"class":134},[52,2041,138],{"class":66},[52,2043,1993],{"class":117},[52,2045,1460],{"class":62},[52,2047,1998],{"class":117},[52,2049,144],{"class":66},[52,2051,2052,2054,2056,2059],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,2053,135],{"class":134},[52,2055,138],{"class":66},[52,2057,2058],{"class":117},"distance",[52,2060,144],{"class":66},[20,2062,1509],{},[43,2064,2065],{"className":45,"code":1519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2066,2067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2068,2069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2070,1519],{"class":947},[20,2072,2073],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[699,2075,2077],{"id":2076},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[43,2079,2081],{"className":45,"code":2080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2082,2083,2095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2084,2085,2088,2090,2092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2086,2087],{"class":58},"temperature_change ",[52,2089,63],{"class":62},[52,2091,1660],{"class":62},[52,2093,2094],{"class":947},"6\n",[52,2096,2097,2099,2101,2103,2105,2108],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2098,135],{"class":134},[52,2100,138],{"class":66},[52,2102,1455],{"class":134},[52,2104,138],{"class":66},[52,2106,2107],{"class":117},"temperature_change",[52,2109,1222],{"class":66},[20,2111,1509],{},[43,2113,2114],{"className":45,"code":2094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2115,2116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2117,2118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2119,2094],{"class":947},[20,2121,2122],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[699,2124,2126],{"id":2125},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2128,2129,2130,1743],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2131,1421],{},[43,2133,2135],{"className":45,"code":2134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2136,2137,2149,2165,2169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2138,2139,2142,2144,2146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2140,2141],{"class":58},"balance_change ",[52,2143,63],{"class":62},[52,2145,1660],{"class":62},[52,2147,2148],{"class":947},"25\n",[52,2150,2151,2154,2156,2158,2160,2163],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2152,2153],{"class":58},"safe_value ",[52,2155,63],{"class":62},[52,2157,1673],{"class":134},[52,2159,138],{"class":66},[52,2161,2162],{"class":117},"balance_change",[52,2164,144],{"class":66},[52,2166,2167],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2168,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,2170,2171,2173,2175,2178],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2172,135],{"class":134},[52,2174,138],{"class":66},[52,2176,2177],{"class":117},"safe_value",[52,2179,144],{"class":66},[20,2181,1509],{},[43,2183,2184],{"className":45,"code":2148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2185,2186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2187,2188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2189,2148],{"class":947},[699,2191,2193],{"id":2192},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[43,2195,2197],{"className":45,"code":2196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2198,2199,2209,2219,2223,2243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2200,2201,2204,2206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2202,2203],{"class":58},"guess ",[52,2205,63],{"class":62},[52,2207,2208],{"class":947}," 42\n",[52,2210,2211,2214,2216],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2212,2213],{"class":58},"target ",[52,2215,63],{"class":62},[52,2217,2218],{"class":947}," 50\n",[52,2220,2221],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2222,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,2224,2225,2228,2230,2232,2234,2236,2238,2241],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2226,2227],{"class":58},"difference ",[52,2229,63],{"class":62},[52,2231,1673],{"class":134},[52,2233,138],{"class":66},[52,2235,2203],{"class":117},[52,2237,1460],{"class":62},[52,2239,2240],{"class":117}," target",[52,2242,144],{"class":66},[52,2244,2245,2247,2249,2252],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,2246,135],{"class":134},[52,2248,138],{"class":66},[52,2250,2251],{"class":117},"difference",[52,2253,144],{"class":66},[20,2255,1509],{},[43,2257,2258],{"className":45,"code":1821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2259,2260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2261,2262],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2263,1821],{"class":947},[20,2265,2266],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[38,2268,1158],{"id":1157},[699,2270,2272],{"id":2271},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2274,2275],{},"This causes an error:",[43,2277,2279],{"className":45,"code":2278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2280,2281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2282,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291,2293,2295,2297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2284,135],{"class":134},[52,2286,138],{"class":66},[52,2288,1455],{"class":134},[52,2290,138],{"class":66},[52,2292,71],{"class":70},[52,2294,1131],{"class":74},[52,2296,71],{"class":70},[52,2298,1222],{"class":66},[20,2300,2301,2304,2305,2307],{},[15,2302,2303],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2306,1421],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2309,2310,2311,456,2317,202],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[221,2312,2314],{"href":2313},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2315,2316],{},"int()",[221,2318,2320],{"href":2319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2321,2322],{},"float()",[43,2324,2326],{"className":45,"code":2325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2327,2328,2351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2329,2330,2332,2334,2336,2338,2340,2342,2344,2346,2348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2331,135],{"class":134},[52,2333,138],{"class":66},[52,2335,1455],{"class":134},[52,2337,138],{"class":66},[52,2339,1626],{"class":600},[52,2341,138],{"class":66},[52,2343,71],{"class":70},[52,2345,1131],{"class":74},[52,2347,71],{"class":70},[52,2349,2350],{"class":66},")))\n",[52,2352,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367,2370,2372],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2354,135],{"class":134},[52,2356,138],{"class":66},[52,2358,1455],{"class":134},[52,2360,138],{"class":66},[52,2362,1630],{"class":600},[52,2364,138],{"class":66},[52,2366,71],{"class":70},[52,2368,2369],{"class":74},"-3.2",[52,2371,71],{"class":70},[52,2373,2350],{"class":66},[20,2375,1509],{},[43,2377,2379],{"className":45,"code":2378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2380,2381,2386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2382,2383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2384,2385],{"class":947},"5\n",[52,2387,2388],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2389,2390],{"class":947},"3.2\n",[20,2392,2393,2394,2397,2398,114],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2395,2396],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[221,2399,2401],{"href":2400},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[699,2403,2405],{"id":2404},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2407,2408],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[43,2410,2412],{"className":45,"code":2411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2413,2414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2415,2416,2418,2420,2422,2425,2427,2429,2431,2433,2435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2417,135],{"class":134},[52,2419,138],{"class":66},[52,2421,1455],{"class":134},[52,2423,2424],{"class":66},"([",[52,2426,948],{"class":947},[52,2428,80],{"class":66},[52,2430,953],{"class":947},[52,2432,80],{"class":66},[52,2434,958],{"class":947},[52,2436,2437],{"class":66},"]))\n",[20,2439,2440,2441,2444],{},"This raises a ",[15,2442,2443],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[699,2446,2448],{"id":2447},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2450,2451,2453],{},[15,2452,1421],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[43,2455,2457],{"className":45,"code":2456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2458,2459,2471,2481,2485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2460,2461,2464,2466,2468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2462,2463],{"class":58},"x ",[52,2465,63],{"class":62},[52,2467,1660],{"class":62},[52,2469,2470],{"class":947},"9\n",[52,2472,2473,2475,2477,2479],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2474,1455],{"class":134},[52,2476,138],{"class":66},[52,2478,1611],{"class":117},[52,2480,144],{"class":66},[52,2482,2483],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2484,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,2486,2487,2489,2491,2493],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2488,135],{"class":134},[52,2490,138],{"class":66},[52,2492,1611],{"class":117},[52,2494,144],{"class":66},[20,2496,1509],{},[43,2498,2500],{"className":45,"code":2499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-9\n",[15,2501,2502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2503,2504,2506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2505,1460],{"class":62},[52,2507,2470],{"class":947},[20,2509,2510],{},"If you want to store the result:",[43,2512,2514],{"className":45,"code":2513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2515,2516,2526,2540,2544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2517,2518,2520,2522,2524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2519,2463],{"class":58},[52,2521,63],{"class":62},[52,2523,1660],{"class":62},[52,2525,2470],{"class":947},[52,2527,2528,2530,2532,2534,2536,2538],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2529,2463],{"class":58},[52,2531,63],{"class":62},[52,2533,1673],{"class":134},[52,2535,138],{"class":66},[52,2537,1611],{"class":117},[52,2539,144],{"class":66},[52,2541,2542],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2543,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,2545,2546,2548,2550,2552],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2547,135],{"class":134},[52,2549,138],{"class":66},[52,2551,1611],{"class":117},[52,2553,144],{"class":66},[20,2555,1509],{},[43,2557,2558],{"className":45,"code":2470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2559,2560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2561,2562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2563,2470],{"class":947},[699,2565,2567],{"id":2566},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2569,2570,2572],{},[15,2571,1421],{}," does not round numbers.",[43,2574,2576],{"className":45,"code":2575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2577,2578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2579,2580,2582,2584,2586,2588,2590,2593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2581,135],{"class":134},[52,2583,138],{"class":66},[52,2585,1455],{"class":134},[52,2587,138],{"class":66},[52,2589,1460],{"class":62},[52,2591,2592],{"class":947},"4.7",[52,2594,1222],{"class":66},[20,2596,1509],{},[43,2598,2600],{"className":45,"code":2599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.7\n",[15,2601,2602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2603,2604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2605,2599],{"class":947},[20,2607,2608,2609,2611,2612,2614],{},"If you expected ",[15,2610,1131],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2613,1421],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[38,2616,2618],{"id":2617},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2620,2621,2623],{},[15,2622,1421],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[163,2625,2626,2633,2640],{},[166,2627,2628,2630,2631],{},[15,2629,1626],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2632,1626],{},[166,2634,2635,2637,2638],{},[15,2636,1630],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2639,1630],{},[166,2641,2642,2637,2644],{},[15,2643,1634],{},[15,2645,1630],{},[20,2647,267],{},[43,2649,2651],{"className":45,"code":2650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2652,2653,2673,2694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2654,2655,2657,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669,2671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2656,135],{"class":134},[52,2658,138],{"class":66},[52,2660,1231],{"class":600},[52,2662,138],{"class":66},[52,2664,1455],{"class":134},[52,2666,138],{"class":66},[52,2668,1460],{"class":62},[52,2670,1131],{"class":947},[52,2672,2350],{"class":66},[52,2674,2675,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2692],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2676,135],{"class":134},[52,2678,138],{"class":66},[52,2680,1231],{"class":600},[52,2682,138],{"class":66},[52,2684,1455],{"class":134},[52,2686,138],{"class":66},[52,2688,1460],{"class":62},[52,2690,2691],{"class":947},"3.2",[52,2693,2350],{"class":66},[52,2695,2696,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710,2712,2714,2716],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2697,135],{"class":134},[52,2699,138],{"class":66},[52,2701,1231],{"class":600},[52,2703,138],{"class":66},[52,2705,1455],{"class":134},[52,2707,138],{"class":66},[52,2709,1500],{"class":947},[52,2711,1893],{"class":62},[52,2713,1896],{"class":947},[52,2715,1504],{"class":1503},[52,2717,2350],{"class":66},[20,2719,1509],{},[43,2721,2723],{"className":45,"code":2722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2724,2725,2742,2756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2726,2727,2730,2733,2735,2737,2739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2728,2729],{"class":62},"\u003C",[52,2731,2732],{"class":1503},"class",[52,2734,617],{"class":70},[52,2736,1626],{"class":74},[52,2738,608],{"class":70},[52,2740,2741],{"class":62},">\n",[52,2743,2744,2746,2748,2750,2752,2754],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2745,2729],{"class":62},[52,2747,2732],{"class":1503},[52,2749,617],{"class":70},[52,2751,1630],{"class":74},[52,2753,608],{"class":70},[52,2755,2741],{"class":62},[52,2757,2758,2760,2762,2764,2766,2768],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2759,2729],{"class":62},[52,2761,2732],{"class":1503},[52,2763,617],{"class":70},[52,2765,1630],{"class":74},[52,2767,608],{"class":70},[52,2769,2741],{"class":62},[20,2771,2772],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2774,2775],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2777,2778],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[43,2780,2782],{"className":45,"code":2781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2783,2784,2798,2808,2822,2826,2840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2785,2786,2788,2790,2792,2795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2787,965],{"class":58},[52,2789,63],{"class":62},[52,2791,83],{"class":70},[52,2793,2794],{"class":74},"-5",[52,2796,2797],{"class":70},"\"\n",[52,2799,2800,2802,2804,2806],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2801,135],{"class":134},[52,2803,138],{"class":66},[52,2805,985],{"class":117},[52,2807,144],{"class":66},[52,2809,2810,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2811,135],{"class":134},[52,2813,138],{"class":66},[52,2815,1231],{"class":600},[52,2817,138],{"class":66},[52,2819,985],{"class":117},[52,2821,1222],{"class":66},[52,2823,2824],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,2825,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,2827,2828,2831,2833,2835,2838],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,2829,2830],{"class":58},"user_input ",[52,2832,63],{"class":62},[52,2834,83],{"class":70},[52,2836,2837],{"class":74},"-3.7",[52,2839,2797],{"class":70},[52,2841,2842,2844,2846,2848,2850,2852,2854,2857],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,2843,135],{"class":134},[52,2845,138],{"class":66},[52,2847,1455],{"class":134},[52,2849,138],{"class":66},[52,2851,1630],{"class":600},[52,2853,138],{"class":66},[52,2855,2856],{"class":117},"user_input",[52,2858,2350],{"class":66},[20,2860,1509],{},[43,2862,2864],{"className":45,"code":2863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2865,2866,2872,2887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2867,2868,2870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2869,1460],{"class":62},[52,2871,2385],{"class":947},[52,2873,2874,2876,2878,2880,2883,2885],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,2875,2729],{"class":62},[52,2877,2732],{"class":1503},[52,2879,617],{"class":70},[52,2881,2882],{"class":74},"str",[52,2884,608],{"class":70},[52,2886,2741],{"class":62},[52,2888,2889],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,2890,2891],{"class":947},"3.7\n",[38,2893,1273],{"id":1272},[699,2895,2897],{"id":2896},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,2899,2900],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[699,2902,2904],{"id":2903},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,2906,2907],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[699,2909,2911],{"id":2910},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,2913,2914],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[699,2916,2918],{"id":2917},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,2920,2921,2923,2924,456,2926,2928,2929,114],{},[15,2922,2396],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2925,2316],{},[15,2927,2322],{}," before using ",[15,2930,1421],{},[699,2932,2934],{"id":2933},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,2936,2937],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[38,2939,1332],{"id":1331},[163,2941,2942,2949,2955,2961,2966],{},[166,2943,2944],{},[221,2945,2946,2948],{"href":2313},[15,2947,2316],{}," function explained",[166,2950,2951],{},[221,2952,2953,2948],{"href":2319},[15,2954,2322],{},[166,2956,2957],{},[221,2958,2959,2948],{"href":1738},[15,2960,1741],{},[166,2962,2963],{},[221,2964,2965],{"href":2400},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[166,2967,2968],{},[221,2969,1860],{"href":1859},[1364,2971,2972],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":2974},[2975,2976,2977,2978,2979,2980,2986,2992,2993,3000],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":1537,"depth":103,"text":1538},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":1746,"depth":103,"text":1747},{"id":1863,"depth":103,"text":1864},{"id":1966,"depth":103,"text":1967,"children":2981},[2982,2983,2984,2985],{"id":1975,"depth":124,"text":1976},{"id":2076,"depth":124,"text":2077},{"id":2125,"depth":124,"text":2126},{"id":2192,"depth":124,"text":2193},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":2987},[2988,2989,2990,2991],{"id":2271,"depth":124,"text":2272},{"id":2404,"depth":124,"text":2405},{"id":2447,"depth":124,"text":2448},{"id":2566,"depth":124,"text":2567},{"id":2617,"depth":103,"text":2618},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":2994},[2995,2996,2997,2998,2999],{"id":2896,"depth":124,"text":2897},{"id":2903,"depth":124,"text":2904},{"id":2910,"depth":124,"text":2911},{"id":2917,"depth":124,"text":2918},{"id":2933,"depth":124,"text":2934},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1410,"description":3001},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3008,"title":3009,"body":3010,"description":4716,"extension":1401,"meta":4717,"navigation":127,"path":4718,"seo":4719,"stem":4720,"__hash__":4721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3011,"toc":4680},[3012,3020,3026,3029,3046,3050,3107,3117,3122,3126,3145,3148,3165,3168,3172,3180,3197,3200,3240,3243,3250,3256,3333,3335,3367,3373,3377,3381,3420,3422,3431,3438,3442,3481,3483,3492,3502,3506,3559,3561,3569,3572,3575,3622,3624,3632,3638,3645,3650,3653,3656,3722,3724,3732,3735,3802,3804,3812,3826,3829,3840,3844,3850,3853,3855,3871,3873,3881,3884,3887,3890,3907,3910,3913,3943,3945,3958,3962,3966,3969,3984,3989,3992,4019,4026,4029,4069,4075,4081,4089,4092,4144,4151,4216,4221,4230,4233,4251,4257,4260,4402,4407,4412,4415,4426,4429,4485,4487,4495,4498,4557,4559,4567,4570,4581,4583,4590,4599,4608,4611,4618,4621,4630,4643,4645,4677],[10,3013,3015,3016,3019],{"id":3014},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3017,3018],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3021,3022,3023,3025],{},"Python’s ",[15,3024,3018],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3027,3028],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[163,3030,3031,3034,3037],{},[166,3032,3033],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[166,3035,3036],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[166,3038,3039,1837,3042,3045],{},[15,3040,3041],{},"all([])",[15,3043,3044],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[38,3047,3049],{"id":3048},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[43,3051,3053],{"className":45,"code":3052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3054,3055,3077,3092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3056,3057,3059,3061,3064,3066,3068,3070,3072,3074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3058,940],{"class":58},[52,3060,63],{"class":62},[52,3062,3063],{"class":66}," [",[52,3065,948],{"class":947},[52,3067,80],{"class":66},[52,3069,953],{"class":947},[52,3071,80],{"class":66},[52,3073,958],{"class":947},[52,3075,3076],{"class":66},"]\n",[52,3078,3079,3081,3083,3086,3088,3090],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3080,1668],{"class":58},[52,3082,63],{"class":62},[52,3084,3085],{"class":134}," all",[52,3087,138],{"class":66},[52,3089,1037],{"class":117},[52,3091,144],{"class":66},[52,3093,3094,3096,3098,3100,3103],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,3095,135],{"class":134},[52,3097,138],{"class":66},[52,3099,1703],{"class":117},[52,3101,3102],{"class":66},")",[52,3104,3106],{"class":3105},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3108,3109,1837,3111,3113,3114,114],{},[15,3110,3018],{},[15,3112,3044],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3115,3116],{},"False",[38,3118,194,3120,197],{"id":3119},"what-all-does",[15,3121,3018],{},[20,3123,3124,202],{},[15,3125,3018],{},[163,3127,3128,3131,3137,3142],{},[166,3129,3130],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[166,3132,3133,3134,3136],{},"returns ",[15,3135,3044],{}," if all items are truthy",[166,3138,3133,3139,3141],{},[15,3140,3116],{}," if any item is falsy",[166,3143,3144],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3146,3147],{},"Basic syntax:",[43,3149,3151],{"className":45,"code":3150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3152,3153],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3154,3155,3158,3160,3163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3156,3157],{"class":134},"all",[52,3159,138],{"class":66},[52,3161,3162],{"class":117},"iterable",[52,3164,144],{"class":66},[20,3166,3167],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[38,3169,3171],{"id":3170},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3173,3174,3175,456,3177,3179],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3176,3044],{},[15,3178,3116],{}," in conditions.",[163,3181,3182,3190],{},[166,3183,3184,3187,3188],{},[30,3185,3186],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3189,3044],{},[166,3191,3192,3187,3195],{},[30,3193,3194],{},"Falsy",[15,3196,3116],{},[20,3198,3199],{},"Common falsy values include:",[163,3201,3202,3206,3211,3216,3221,3225,3230,3235],{},[166,3203,3204],{},[15,3205,1558],{},[166,3207,3208],{},[15,3209,3210],{},"0.0",[166,3212,3213],{},[15,3214,3215],{},"''",[166,3217,3218],{},[15,3219,3220],{},"None",[166,3222,3223],{},[15,3224,3116],{},[166,3226,3227],{},[15,3228,3229],{},"[]",[166,3231,3232],{},[15,3233,3234],{},"{}",[166,3236,3237],{},[15,3238,3239],{},"set()",[20,3241,3242],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3244,3245,3246,114],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[221,3247,3249],{"href":3248},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3251,3252,3253,202],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3254,3255],{},"bool()",[43,3257,3259],{"className":45,"code":3258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3260,3261,3299,3303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3262,3263,3266,3268,3270,3272,3274,3277,3279,3282,3284,3286,3289,3291,3293,3297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3264,3265],{"class":58},"values ",[52,3267,63],{"class":62},[52,3269,3063],{"class":66},[52,3271,948],{"class":947},[52,3273,80],{"class":66},[52,3275,3276],{"class":947}," 0",[52,3278,80],{"class":66},[52,3280,3281],{"class":70}," ''",[52,3283,80],{"class":66},[52,3285,617],{"class":70},[52,3287,3288],{"class":74},"hello",[52,3290,608],{"class":70},[52,3292,80],{"class":66},[52,3294,3296],{"class":3295},"s39Yj"," None",[52,3298,3076],{"class":66},[52,3300,3301],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3302,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,3304,3305,3307,3309,3312,3314,3316,3318,3321,3324,3327,3330],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,3306,135],{"class":134},[52,3308,2424],{"class":66},[52,3310,3311],{"class":600},"bool",[52,3313,138],{"class":66},[52,3315,1611],{"class":117},[52,3317,3102],{"class":66},[52,3319,3320],{"class":731}," for",[52,3322,3323],{"class":117}," x ",[52,3325,3326],{"class":731},"in",[52,3328,3329],{"class":117}," values",[52,3331,3332],{"class":66},"])\n",[20,3334,1509],{},[43,3336,3338],{"className":45,"code":3337,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3339,3340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3341,3342,3345,3347,3349,3352,3354,3356,3358,3361,3363,3365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3343,3344],{"class":66},"[",[52,3346,3044],{"class":3295},[52,3348,80],{"class":66},[52,3350,3351],{"class":3295}," False",[52,3353,80],{"class":66},[52,3355,3351],{"class":3295},[52,3357,80],{"class":66},[52,3359,3360],{"class":3295}," True",[52,3362,80],{"class":66},[52,3364,3351],{"class":3295},[52,3366,3076],{"class":66},[20,3368,3369,3370,3372],{},"This matters because ",[15,3371,3018],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[38,3374,3376],{"id":3375},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[699,3378,3380],{"id":3379},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[43,3382,3384],{"className":45,"code":3383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3385,3386,3406],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3387,3388,3390,3392,3394,3396,3398,3400,3402,3404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3389,940],{"class":58},[52,3391,63],{"class":62},[52,3393,3063],{"class":66},[52,3395,948],{"class":947},[52,3397,80],{"class":66},[52,3399,953],{"class":947},[52,3401,80],{"class":66},[52,3403,958],{"class":947},[52,3405,3076],{"class":66},[52,3407,3408,3410,3412,3414,3416,3418],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3409,135],{"class":134},[52,3411,138],{"class":66},[52,3413,3157],{"class":134},[52,3415,138],{"class":66},[52,3417,1037],{"class":117},[52,3419,1222],{"class":66},[20,3421,1509],{},[43,3423,3425],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n",[15,3426,3427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3428,3429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3430,3424],{"class":3295},[20,3432,3433,3434,1837,3436,114],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3435,3018],{},[15,3437,3044],{},[699,3439,3441],{"id":3440},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[43,3443,3445],{"className":45,"code":3444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3446,3447,3467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3448,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461,3463,3465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3450,940],{"class":58},[52,3452,63],{"class":62},[52,3454,3063],{"class":66},[52,3456,948],{"class":947},[52,3458,80],{"class":66},[52,3460,3276],{"class":947},[52,3462,80],{"class":66},[52,3464,958],{"class":947},[52,3466,3076],{"class":66},[52,3468,3469,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3470,135],{"class":134},[52,3472,138],{"class":66},[52,3474,3157],{"class":134},[52,3476,138],{"class":66},[52,3478,1037],{"class":117},[52,3480,1222],{"class":66},[20,3482,1509],{},[43,3484,3486],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\n",[15,3487,3488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3489,3490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3491,3485],{"class":3295},[20,3493,3494,3495,3497,3498,1837,3500,114],{},"The value ",[15,3496,1558],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3499,3018],{},[15,3501,3116],{},[699,3503,3505],{"id":3504},"example-strings","Example: strings",[43,3507,3509],{"className":45,"code":3508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3510,3511,3544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3512,3513,3516,3518,3520,3522,3524,3526,3528,3530,3532,3534,3536,3538,3540,3542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3514,3515],{"class":58},"words ",[52,3517,63],{"class":62},[52,3519,3063],{"class":66},[52,3521,608],{"class":70},[52,3523,75],{"class":74},[52,3525,608],{"class":70},[52,3527,80],{"class":66},[52,3529,617],{"class":70},[52,3531,86],{"class":74},[52,3533,608],{"class":70},[52,3535,80],{"class":66},[52,3537,617],{"class":70},[52,3539,95],{"class":74},[52,3541,608],{"class":70},[52,3543,3076],{"class":66},[52,3545,3546,3548,3550,3552,3554,3557],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3547,135],{"class":134},[52,3549,138],{"class":66},[52,3551,3157],{"class":134},[52,3553,138],{"class":66},[52,3555,3556],{"class":117},"words",[52,3558,1222],{"class":66},[20,3560,1509],{},[43,3562,3563],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3564,3565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3566,3567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3568,3424],{"class":3295},[20,3570,3571],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3573,3574],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[43,3576,3578],{"className":45,"code":3577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3579,3580,3608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3581,3582,3584,3586,3588,3590,3592,3594,3596,3598,3600,3602,3604,3606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3583,3515],{"class":58},[52,3585,63],{"class":62},[52,3587,3063],{"class":66},[52,3589,608],{"class":70},[52,3591,75],{"class":74},[52,3593,608],{"class":70},[52,3595,80],{"class":66},[52,3597,3281],{"class":70},[52,3599,80],{"class":66},[52,3601,617],{"class":70},[52,3603,95],{"class":74},[52,3605,608],{"class":70},[52,3607,3076],{"class":66},[52,3609,3610,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3611,135],{"class":134},[52,3613,138],{"class":66},[52,3615,3157],{"class":134},[52,3617,138],{"class":66},[52,3619,3556],{"class":117},[52,3621,1222],{"class":66},[20,3623,1509],{},[43,3625,3626],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3627,3628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3629,3630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3631,3485],{"class":3295},[20,3633,3634,3635,3637],{},"The empty string ",[15,3636,3215],{}," is falsy.",[38,3639,3641,3642,3644],{"id":3640},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3643,3018],{}," works with conditions",[20,3646,3647,3649],{},[15,3648,3018],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3651,3652],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3654,3655],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[43,3657,3659],{"className":45,"code":3658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3660,3661,3681,3708,3712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3662,3663,3665,3667,3669,3671,3673,3675,3677,3679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3664,940],{"class":58},[52,3666,63],{"class":62},[52,3668,3063],{"class":66},[52,3670,948],{"class":947},[52,3672,80],{"class":66},[52,3674,953],{"class":947},[52,3676,80],{"class":66},[52,3678,958],{"class":947},[52,3680,3076],{"class":66},[52,3682,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3684,1668],{"class":58},[52,3686,63],{"class":62},[52,3688,3085],{"class":134},[52,3690,138],{"class":66},[52,3692,2463],{"class":117},[52,3694,3695],{"class":62},">",[52,3697,3276],{"class":947},[52,3699,3320],{"class":731},[52,3701,3323],{"class":117},[52,3703,3326],{"class":731},[52,3705,970],{"class":117},[52,3707,144],{"class":66},[52,3709,3710],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,3711,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,3713,3714,3716,3718,3720],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3715,135],{"class":134},[52,3717,138],{"class":66},[52,3719,1703],{"class":117},[52,3721,144],{"class":66},[20,3723,1509],{},[43,3725,3726],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3727,3728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3729,3730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3731,3424],{"class":3295},[20,3733,3734],{},"Here is one that fails:",[43,3736,3738],{"className":45,"code":3737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3739,3740,3762,3788,3792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3741,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752,3754,3756,3758,3760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3743,940],{"class":58},[52,3745,63],{"class":62},[52,3747,3063],{"class":66},[52,3749,948],{"class":947},[52,3751,80],{"class":66},[52,3753,1660],{"class":62},[52,3755,1047],{"class":947},[52,3757,80],{"class":66},[52,3759,958],{"class":947},[52,3761,3076],{"class":66},[52,3763,3764,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3765,1668],{"class":58},[52,3767,63],{"class":62},[52,3769,3085],{"class":134},[52,3771,138],{"class":66},[52,3773,2463],{"class":117},[52,3775,3695],{"class":62},[52,3777,3276],{"class":947},[52,3779,3320],{"class":731},[52,3781,3323],{"class":117},[52,3783,3326],{"class":731},[52,3785,970],{"class":117},[52,3787,144],{"class":66},[52,3789,3790],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,3791,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,3793,3794,3796,3798,3800],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,3795,135],{"class":134},[52,3797,138],{"class":66},[52,3799,1703],{"class":117},[52,3801,144],{"class":66},[20,3803,1509],{},[43,3805,3806],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3807,3808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3809,3810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3811,3485],{"class":3295},[20,3813,3814,3815,3818,3819,3821,3822,1837,3824,114],{},"The expression ",[15,3816,3817],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3820,3044],{},", then ",[15,3823,3018],{},[15,3825,3044],{},[20,3827,3828],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3830,3831,3832,803,3836,114],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[221,3833,3835],{"href":3834},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[221,3837,3839],{"href":3838},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[38,3841,3843],{"id":3842},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3845,3846,1837,3848,114],{},[15,3847,3041],{},[15,3849,3044],{},[20,3851,3852],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3854,267],{},[43,3856,3858],{"className":45,"code":3857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3859,3860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3861,3862,3864,3866,3868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3863,135],{"class":134},[52,3865,138],{"class":66},[52,3867,3157],{"class":134},[52,3869,3870],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[20,3872,1509],{},[43,3874,3875],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3876,3877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3878,3879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3880,3424],{"class":3295},[20,3882,3883],{},"Why?",[20,3885,3886],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3888,3889],{},"Think of it this way:",[163,3891,3892,3899,3902],{},[166,3893,3894,1837,3896,3898],{},[15,3895,3018],{},[15,3897,3116],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[166,3900,3901],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[166,3903,3904,3905],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3906,3116],{},[20,3908,3909],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,3911,3912],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[43,3914,3916],{"className":45,"code":3915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,3917,3918,3929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3919,3920,3922,3924,3926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3921,135],{"class":134},[52,3923,138],{"class":66},[52,3925,3157],{"class":134},[52,3927,3928],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[52,3930,3931,3933,3935,3937,3939,3941],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3932,135],{"class":134},[52,3934,138],{"class":66},[52,3936,3157],{"class":134},[52,3938,138],{"class":66},[52,3940,3215],{"class":70},[52,3942,1222],{"class":66},[20,3944,1509],{},[43,3946,3948],{"className":45,"code":3947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\n",[15,3949,3950,3954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3951,3952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3953,3424],{"class":3295},[52,3955,3956],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3957,3424],{"class":3295},[38,3959,3961],{"id":3960},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[699,3963,3965],{"id":3964},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,3967,3968],{},"This is wrong:",[43,3970,3972],{"className":45,"code":3971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,3973,3974,3979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3975,3976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3977,3978],{"class":3105},"# Wrong\n",[52,3980,3981],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,3982,3983],{"class":3105},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,3985,3986,3988],{},[15,3987,3018],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,3990,3991],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[43,3993,3995],{"className":45,"code":3994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3996,3997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3998,3999,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011,4013,4015,4017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4000,135],{"class":134},[52,4002,138],{"class":66},[52,4004,3157],{"class":134},[52,4006,2424],{"class":66},[52,4008,948],{"class":947},[52,4010,80],{"class":66},[52,4012,953],{"class":947},[52,4014,80],{"class":66},[52,4016,958],{"class":947},[52,4018,2437],{"class":66},[699,4020,4022,4023,4025],{"id":4021},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4024,3018],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4027,4028],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[43,4030,4032],{"className":45,"code":4031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4033,4034,4055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4035,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4049,4051,4053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4037,940],{"class":58},[52,4039,63],{"class":62},[52,4041,3063],{"class":66},[52,4043,1131],{"class":947},[52,4045,80],{"class":66},[52,4047,4048],{"class":947}," 5",[52,4050,80],{"class":66},[52,4052,4048],{"class":947},[52,4054,3076],{"class":66},[52,4056,4057,4059,4061,4063,4065,4067],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4058,135],{"class":134},[52,4060,138],{"class":66},[52,4062,3157],{"class":134},[52,4064,138],{"class":66},[52,4066,1037],{"class":117},[52,4068,1222],{"class":66},[20,4070,4071,4072,4074],{},"This does ",[30,4073,32],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4076,4077,4078,4080],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4079,1131],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[43,4082,4083],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4084,4085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4086,4087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4088,3424],{"class":3295},[20,4090,4091],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[43,4093,4095],{"className":45,"code":4094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4096,4097,4117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4098,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4100,940],{"class":58},[52,4102,63],{"class":62},[52,4104,3063],{"class":66},[52,4106,1131],{"class":947},[52,4108,80],{"class":66},[52,4110,4048],{"class":947},[52,4112,80],{"class":66},[52,4114,4048],{"class":947},[52,4116,3076],{"class":66},[52,4118,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127,4129,4132,4134,4136,4138,4140,4142],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4120,135],{"class":134},[52,4122,138],{"class":66},[52,4124,3157],{"class":134},[52,4126,138],{"class":66},[52,4128,2463],{"class":117},[52,4130,4131],{"class":62},"==",[52,4133,4048],{"class":947},[52,4135,3320],{"class":731},[52,4137,3323],{"class":117},[52,4139,3326],{"class":731},[52,4141,970],{"class":117},[52,4143,1222],{"class":66},[699,4145,4147,4148,4150],{"id":4146},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4149,1558],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[43,4152,4154],{"className":45,"code":4153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4155,4156,4182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4157,4158,4160,4162,4164,4166,4168,4170,4172,4174,4176,4179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4159,135],{"class":134},[52,4161,138],{"class":66},[52,4163,3157],{"class":134},[52,4165,2424],{"class":66},[52,4167,948],{"class":947},[52,4169,80],{"class":66},[52,4171,953],{"class":947},[52,4173,80],{"class":66},[52,4175,3276],{"class":947},[52,4177,4178],{"class":66},"]))",[52,4180,4181],{"class":3105},"       # False\n",[52,4183,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4196,4198,4200,4202,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4185,135],{"class":134},[52,4187,138],{"class":66},[52,4189,3157],{"class":134},[52,4191,2424],{"class":66},[52,4193,608],{"class":70},[52,4195,221],{"class":74},[52,4197,608],{"class":70},[52,4199,80],{"class":66},[52,4201,617],{"class":70},[52,4203,4204],{"class":74},"b",[52,4206,608],{"class":70},[52,4208,80],{"class":66},[52,4210,3281],{"class":70},[52,4212,4178],{"class":66},[52,4214,4215],{"class":3105},"  # False\n",[20,4217,4218,4219,114],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4220,3116],{},[699,4222,4224,4225,4227,4228],{"id":4223},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4226,3041],{}," is ",[15,4229,3044],{},[20,4231,4232],{},"This is expected behavior:",[43,4234,4236],{"className":45,"code":4235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4237,4238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4239,4240,4242,4244,4246,4249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4241,135],{"class":134},[52,4243,138],{"class":66},[52,4245,3157],{"class":134},[52,4247,4248],{"class":66},"([]))",[52,4250,3106],{"class":3105},[20,4252,4253,4254,4256],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4255,3044],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4258,4259],{},"Useful quick tests:",[43,4261,4263],{"className":45,"code":4262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4264,4265,4287,4309,4356,4392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4266,4267,4269,4271,4273,4275,4277,4279,4281,4283,4285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4268,135],{"class":134},[52,4270,138],{"class":66},[52,4272,3157],{"class":134},[52,4274,2424],{"class":66},[52,4276,948],{"class":947},[52,4278,80],{"class":66},[52,4280,953],{"class":947},[52,4282,80],{"class":66},[52,4284,958],{"class":947},[52,4286,2437],{"class":66},[52,4288,4289,4291,4293,4295,4297,4299,4301,4303,4305,4307],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4290,135],{"class":134},[52,4292,138],{"class":66},[52,4294,3157],{"class":134},[52,4296,2424],{"class":66},[52,4298,948],{"class":947},[52,4300,80],{"class":66},[52,4302,3276],{"class":947},[52,4304,80],{"class":66},[52,4306,958],{"class":947},[52,4308,2437],{"class":66},[52,4310,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,4312,135],{"class":134},[52,4314,2424],{"class":66},[52,4316,3311],{"class":600},[52,4318,138],{"class":66},[52,4320,1611],{"class":117},[52,4322,3102],{"class":66},[52,4324,3320],{"class":731},[52,4326,3323],{"class":117},[52,4328,3326],{"class":731},[52,4330,3063],{"class":66},[52,4332,948],{"class":947},[52,4334,80],{"class":66},[52,4336,3276],{"class":947},[52,4338,80],{"class":66},[52,4340,3281],{"class":70},[52,4342,80],{"class":66},[52,4344,617],{"class":70},[52,4346,3288],{"class":74},[52,4348,608],{"class":70},[52,4350,80],{"class":66},[52,4352,3296],{"class":3295},[52,4354,4355],{"class":66},"]])\n",[52,4357,4358,4360,4362,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4384,4386,4388,4390],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,4359,135],{"class":134},[52,4361,138],{"class":66},[52,4363,3157],{"class":134},[52,4365,138],{"class":66},[52,4367,2463],{"class":117},[52,4369,3695],{"class":62},[52,4371,3276],{"class":947},[52,4373,3320],{"class":731},[52,4375,3323],{"class":117},[52,4377,3326],{"class":731},[52,4379,3063],{"class":66},[52,4381,948],{"class":947},[52,4383,80],{"class":66},[52,4385,953],{"class":947},[52,4387,80],{"class":66},[52,4389,958],{"class":947},[52,4391,2437],{"class":66},[52,4393,4394,4396,4398,4400],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,4395,135],{"class":134},[52,4397,138],{"class":66},[52,4399,3157],{"class":134},[52,4401,3870],{"class":66},[38,4403,894,4405],{"id":4404},"when-to-use-all",[15,4406,3018],{},[20,4408,4409,4411],{},[15,4410,3018],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4413,4414],{},"Common use cases:",[163,4416,4417,4420,4423],{},[166,4418,4419],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[166,4421,4422],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[166,4424,4425],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4427,4428],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[43,4430,4432],{"className":45,"code":4431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4433,4434,4470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4435,4436,4439,4441,4443,4445,4448,4450,4452,4454,4457,4459,4461,4463,4466,4468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4437,4438],{"class":58},"names ",[52,4440,63],{"class":62},[52,4442,3063],{"class":66},[52,4444,608],{"class":70},[52,4446,4447],{"class":74},"Alice",[52,4449,608],{"class":70},[52,4451,80],{"class":66},[52,4453,617],{"class":70},[52,4455,4456],{"class":74},"Bob",[52,4458,608],{"class":70},[52,4460,80],{"class":66},[52,4462,617],{"class":70},[52,4464,4465],{"class":74},"Charlie",[52,4467,608],{"class":70},[52,4469,3076],{"class":66},[52,4471,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4483],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4473,135],{"class":134},[52,4475,138],{"class":66},[52,4477,3157],{"class":134},[52,4479,138],{"class":66},[52,4481,4482],{"class":117},"names",[52,4484,1222],{"class":66},[20,4486,1509],{},[43,4488,4489],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4490,4491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4492,4493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4494,3424],{"class":3295},[20,4496,4497],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[43,4499,4501],{"className":45,"code":4500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4502,4503,4527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4504,4505,4508,4510,4512,4515,4517,4520,4522,4525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4506,4507],{"class":58},"scores ",[52,4509,63],{"class":62},[52,4511,3063],{"class":66},[52,4513,4514],{"class":947},"75",[52,4516,80],{"class":66},[52,4518,4519],{"class":947}," 80",[52,4521,80],{"class":66},[52,4523,4524],{"class":947}," 50",[52,4526,3076],{"class":66},[52,4528,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4540,4543,4545,4547,4550,4552,4555],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4530,135],{"class":134},[52,4532,138],{"class":66},[52,4534,3157],{"class":134},[52,4536,138],{"class":66},[52,4538,4539],{"class":117},"score ",[52,4541,4542],{"class":62},">=",[52,4544,4524],{"class":947},[52,4546,3320],{"class":731},[52,4548,4549],{"class":117}," score ",[52,4551,3326],{"class":731},[52,4553,4554],{"class":117}," scores",[52,4556,1222],{"class":66},[20,4558,1509],{},[43,4560,4561],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4562,4563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4564,4565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4566,3424],{"class":3295},[20,4568,4569],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4571,4572,4573,803,4577,114],{},"For related tasks, see ",[221,4574,4576],{"href":4575},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[221,4578,4580],{"href":4579},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[38,4582,1273],{"id":1272},[699,4584,4586,4587,4589],{"id":4585},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4588,3018],{}," return in Python?",[20,4591,4592,4593,4595,4596,4598],{},"It returns ",[15,4594,3044],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4597,3116],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[699,4600,4602,4603,4605,4606,1293],{"id":4601},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4604,3041],{}," return ",[15,4607,3044],{},[20,4609,4610],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[699,4612,4614,4615,4617],{"id":4613},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4616,3018],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4619,4620],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[699,4622,4624,4625,803,4627,1293],{"id":4623},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4626,3018],{},[15,4628,4629],{},"any()",[20,4631,4632,4634,4635,4637,4638,114],{},[15,4633,3018],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4636,4629],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[221,4639,3015,4641,2948],{"href":4640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4642,4629],{},[38,4644,1332],{"id":1331},[163,4646,4647,4653,4657,4662,4667,4672],{},[166,4648,4649],{},[221,4650,3015,4651,2948],{"href":4640},[15,4652,4629],{},[166,4654,4655],{},[221,4656,3249],{"href":3248},[166,4658,4659],{},[221,4660,4661],{"href":4579},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[166,4663,4664],{},[221,4665,4666],{"href":4575},"How to filter a list in Python",[166,4668,4669],{},[221,4670,4671],{"href":3834},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[166,4673,4674],{},[221,4675,4676],{"href":3838},"What is an iterable in Python",[1364,4678,4679],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":4681},[4682,4683,4685,4686,4691,4693,4694,4703,4705,4715],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":3119,"depth":103,"text":4684},"What all() does",{"id":3170,"depth":103,"text":3171},{"id":3375,"depth":103,"text":3376,"children":4687},[4688,4689,4690],{"id":3379,"depth":124,"text":3380},{"id":3440,"depth":124,"text":3441},{"id":3504,"depth":124,"text":3505},{"id":3640,"depth":103,"text":4692},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3842,"depth":103,"text":3843},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":4695},[4696,4697,4699,4701],{"id":3964,"depth":124,"text":3965},{"id":4021,"depth":124,"text":4698},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4146,"depth":124,"text":4700},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4223,"depth":124,"text":4702},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4404,"depth":103,"text":4704},"When to use all()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":4706},[4707,4709,4711,4713],{"id":4585,"depth":124,"text":4708},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4601,"depth":124,"text":4710},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4613,"depth":124,"text":4712},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4623,"depth":124,"text":4714},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3009,"description":4716},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4723,"title":4724,"body":4725,"description":6414,"extension":1401,"meta":6415,"navigation":127,"path":4640,"seo":6416,"stem":6417,"__hash__":6418},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4726,"toc":6392},[4727,4730,4738,4741,4758,4766,4810,4819,4823,4828,4831,4848,4851,4862,4874,4878,4881,4896,4901,4904,4916,4919,5004,5007,5028,5034,5036,5044,5058,5060,5094,5096,5099,5160,5162,5179,5182,5209,5211,5219,5231,5235,5238,5277,5279,5287,5289,5305,5313,5316,5359,5361,5369,5374,5378,5386,5389,5415,5418,5421,5495,5497,5505,5512,5536,5547,5550,5629,5631,5639,5646,5650,5655,5670,5672,5680,5683,5689,5692,5737,5739,5756,5760,5765,5776,5779,5892,5895,5954,5960,5962,5967,5971,5973,5992,5998,6001,6020,6024,6033,6060,6062,6070,6078,6082,6088,6111,6113,6121,6128,6132,6135,6186,6189,6240,6243,6245,6249,6256,6260,6267,6271,6279,6283,6286,6308,6310,6360,6362,6389],[10,4728,4724],{"id":4729},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4731,4732,4734,4735,114],{},[15,4733,4629],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,4736,4737],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4739,4740],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[163,4742,4743,4746,4749,4752,4755],{},[166,4744,4745],{},"lists",[166,4747,4748],{},"tuples",[166,4750,4751],{},"sets",[166,4753,4754],{},"strings",[166,4756,4757],{},"generator expressions",[20,4759,4760,4761,456,4763,4765],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4762,3044],{},[15,4764,3116],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[43,4767,4769],{"className":45,"code":4768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4770,4771,4791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4772,4773,4775,4777,4779,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4774,3265],{"class":58},[52,4776,63],{"class":62},[52,4778,3063],{"class":66},[52,4780,1558],{"class":947},[52,4782,80],{"class":66},[52,4784,3281],{"class":70},[52,4786,80],{"class":66},[52,4788,4048],{"class":947},[52,4790,3076],{"class":66},[52,4792,4793,4795,4797,4800,4802,4805,4808],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4794,135],{"class":134},[52,4796,138],{"class":66},[52,4798,4799],{"class":134},"any",[52,4801,138],{"class":66},[52,4803,4804],{"class":117},"values",[52,4806,4807],{"class":66},"))",[52,4809,3106],{"class":3105},[20,4811,799,4812,4815,4816,4818],{},[15,4813,4814],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4817,3044],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[38,4820,4822],{"id":4821},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4824,4825,4827],{},[15,4826,4629],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4829,4830],{},"It returns:",[163,4832,4833,4838,4843],{},[166,4834,4835,4837],{},[15,4836,3044],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[166,4839,4840,4842],{},[15,4841,3116],{}," if all items are falsy",[166,4844,4845,4847],{},[15,4846,3116],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4849,4850],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[163,4852,4853,4856,4859],{},[166,4854,4855],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[166,4857,4858],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[166,4860,4861],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4863,4864,4865,4868,4869,114],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,4866,4867],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[221,4870,4872],{"href":4871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4873,3018],{},[38,4875,4877],{"id":4876},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4879,4880],{},"The syntax is simple:",[43,4882,4884],{"className":45,"code":4883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4885,4886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4887,4888,4890,4892,4894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4889,4799],{"class":134},[52,4891,138],{"class":66},[52,4893,3162],{"class":117},[52,4895,144],{"class":66},[20,4897,4898,4899,114],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,4900,3162],{},[20,4902,4903],{},"Common inputs include:",[163,4905,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914],{},[166,4907,4745],{},[166,4909,4748],{},[166,4911,4751],{},[166,4913,4754],{},[166,4915,4757],{},[20,4917,4918],{},"For example:",[43,4920,4922],{"className":45,"code":4921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,4923,4924,4947,4966,4986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4925,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936,4938,4940,4942,4945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4927,135],{"class":134},[52,4929,138],{"class":66},[52,4931,4799],{"class":134},[52,4933,2424],{"class":66},[52,4935,1558],{"class":947},[52,4937,80],{"class":66},[52,4939,3276],{"class":947},[52,4941,80],{"class":66},[52,4943,4944],{"class":947}," 1",[52,4946,2437],{"class":66},[52,4948,4949,4951,4953,4955,4958,4960,4962,4964],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,4950,135],{"class":134},[52,4952,138],{"class":66},[52,4954,4799],{"class":134},[52,4956,4957],{"class":66},"((",[52,4959,3116],{"class":3295},[52,4961,80],{"class":66},[52,4963,3351],{"class":3295},[52,4965,2350],{"class":66},[52,4967,4968,4970,4972,4974,4977,4979,4981,4983],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,4969,135],{"class":134},[52,4971,138],{"class":66},[52,4973,4799],{"class":134},[52,4975,4976],{"class":66},"({",[52,4978,1558],{"class":947},[52,4980,80],{"class":66},[52,4982,953],{"class":947},[52,4984,4985],{"class":66},"}))\n",[52,4987,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,4989,135],{"class":134},[52,4991,138],{"class":66},[52,4993,4799],{"class":134},[52,4995,138],{"class":66},[52,4997,71],{"class":70},[52,4999,3288],{"class":74},[52,5001,71],{"class":70},[52,5003,1222],{"class":66},[20,5005,5006],{},"Expected output:",[43,5008,5010],{"className":45,"code":5009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5011,5012,5016,5020,5024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5013,5014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5015,3424],{"class":3295},[52,5017,5018],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5019,3485],{"class":3295},[52,5021,5022],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5023,3424],{"class":3295},[52,5025,5026],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5027,3424],{"class":3295},[20,5029,5030,5031,114],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[221,5032,4580],{"href":5033},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[38,5035,3171],{"id":3170},[20,5037,3174,5038,456,5041,3179],{},[30,5039,5040],{},"truthy",[30,5042,5043],{},"falsy",[163,5045,5046,5052],{},[166,5047,5048,3187,5050],{},[30,5049,3186],{},[15,5051,3044],{},[166,5053,5054,3187,5056],{},[30,5055,3194],{},[15,5057,3116],{},[20,5059,3199],{},[163,5061,5062,5066,5070,5074,5078,5082,5086,5090],{},[166,5063,5064],{},[15,5065,3116],{},[166,5067,5068],{},[15,5069,1558],{},[166,5071,5072],{},[15,5073,3210],{},[166,5075,5076],{},[15,5077,3215],{},[166,5079,5080],{},[15,5081,3229],{},[166,5083,5084],{},[15,5085,3234],{},[166,5087,5088],{},[15,5089,3239],{},[166,5091,5092],{},[15,5093,3220],{},[20,5095,3242],{},[20,5097,5098],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[43,5100,5102],{"className":45,"code":5101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5103,5104,5118,5136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5105,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5107,135],{"class":134},[52,5109,138],{"class":66},[52,5111,4799],{"class":134},[52,5113,2424],{"class":66},[52,5115,948],{"class":947},[52,5117,2437],{"class":66},[52,5119,5120,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5132,5134],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5121,135],{"class":134},[52,5123,138],{"class":66},[52,5125,4799],{"class":134},[52,5127,2424],{"class":66},[52,5129,608],{"class":70},[52,5131,3288],{"class":74},[52,5133,608],{"class":70},[52,5135,2437],{"class":66},[52,5137,5138,5140,5142,5144,5147,5149,5151,5153,5155,5157],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5139,135],{"class":134},[52,5141,138],{"class":66},[52,5143,4799],{"class":134},[52,5145,5146],{"class":66},"([[",[52,5148,948],{"class":947},[52,5150,80],{"class":66},[52,5152,953],{"class":947},[52,5154,80],{"class":66},[52,5156,958],{"class":947},[52,5158,5159],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[20,5161,5006],{},[43,5163,5165],{"className":45,"code":5164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5166,5167,5171,5175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5168,5169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5170,3424],{"class":3295},[52,5172,5173],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5174,3424],{"class":3295},[52,5176,5177],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5178,3424],{"class":3295},[20,5180,5181],{},"And these are all falsy:",[43,5183,5185],{"className":45,"code":5184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5186,5187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5188,5189,5191,5193,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203,5205,5207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5190,135],{"class":134},[52,5192,138],{"class":66},[52,5194,4799],{"class":134},[52,5196,2424],{"class":66},[52,5198,1558],{"class":947},[52,5200,80],{"class":66},[52,5202,3281],{"class":70},[52,5204,80],{"class":66},[52,5206,3296],{"class":3295},[52,5208,2437],{"class":66},[20,5210,5006],{},[43,5212,5213],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5214,5215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5216,5217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5218,3485],{"class":3295},[20,5220,5221,5222,803,5225,114],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[221,5223,3249],{"href":5224},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[221,5226,5228,5230],{"href":5227},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5229,3255],{}," explained",[38,5232,5234],{"id":5233},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5236,5237],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[43,5239,5241],{"className":45,"code":5240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5242,5243,5263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5244,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255,5257,5259,5261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5246,3265],{"class":58},[52,5248,63],{"class":62},[52,5250,3063],{"class":66},[52,5252,1558],{"class":947},[52,5254,80],{"class":66},[52,5256,3281],{"class":70},[52,5258,80],{"class":66},[52,5260,4048],{"class":947},[52,5262,3076],{"class":66},[52,5264,5265,5267,5269,5271,5273,5275],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5266,135],{"class":134},[52,5268,138],{"class":66},[52,5270,4799],{"class":134},[52,5272,138],{"class":66},[52,5274,4804],{"class":117},[52,5276,1222],{"class":66},[20,5278,1509],{},[43,5280,5281],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5282,5283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5284,5285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5286,3424],{"class":3295},[20,5288,3883],{},[163,5290,5291,5296,5300],{},[166,5292,5293,5295],{},[15,5294,1558],{}," is falsy",[166,5297,5298,5295],{},[15,5299,3215],{},[166,5301,5302,5304],{},[15,5303,1131],{}," is truthy",[20,5306,5307,5308,1837,5311,114],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5309,5310],{},"any(values)",[15,5312,3044],{},[20,5314,5315],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[43,5317,5319],{"className":45,"code":5318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5320,5321,5345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5322,5323,5325,5327,5329,5331,5333,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5324,3265],{"class":58},[52,5326,63],{"class":62},[52,5328,3063],{"class":66},[52,5330,1558],{"class":947},[52,5332,80],{"class":66},[52,5334,3281],{"class":70},[52,5336,80],{"class":66},[52,5338,3296],{"class":3295},[52,5340,80],{"class":66},[52,5342,3351],{"class":3295},[52,5344,3076],{"class":66},[52,5346,5347,5349,5351,5353,5355,5357],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5348,135],{"class":134},[52,5350,138],{"class":66},[52,5352,4799],{"class":134},[52,5354,138],{"class":66},[52,5356,4804],{"class":117},[52,5358,1222],{"class":66},[20,5360,1509],{},[43,5362,5363],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5364,5365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5366,5367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5368,3485],{"class":3295},[20,5370,5371,5372,114],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5373,3116],{},[38,5375,5377],{"id":5376},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5379,5380,5382,5383,114],{},[15,5381,4629],{}," is often used with a ",[30,5384,5385],{},"generator expression",[20,5387,5388],{},"This is a common pattern:",[43,5390,5392],{"className":45,"code":5391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5393,5394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5395,5396,5398,5400,5403,5406,5409,5411,5413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5397,4799],{"class":134},[52,5399,138],{"class":66},[52,5401,5402],{"class":117},"condition ",[52,5404,5405],{"class":731},"for",[52,5407,5408],{"class":117}," item ",[52,5410,3326],{"class":731},[52,5412,111],{"class":117},[52,5414,144],{"class":66},[20,5416,5417],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5419,5420],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[43,5422,5424],{"className":45,"code":5423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5425,5426,5454,5458,5485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5427,5428,5430,5432,5434,5436,5438,5441,5443,5445,5447,5449,5452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5429,940],{"class":58},[52,5431,63],{"class":62},[52,5433,3063],{"class":66},[52,5435,1943],{"class":947},[52,5437,80],{"class":66},[52,5439,5440],{"class":947}," 7",[52,5442,80],{"class":66},[52,5444,1660],{"class":62},[52,5446,1047],{"class":947},[52,5448,80],{"class":66},[52,5450,5451],{"class":947}," 10",[52,5453,3076],{"class":66},[52,5455,5456],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5457,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,5459,5460,5462,5464,5467,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5461,1668],{"class":58},[52,5463,63],{"class":62},[52,5465,5466],{"class":134}," any",[52,5468,138],{"class":66},[52,5470,2463],{"class":117},[52,5472,2729],{"class":62},[52,5474,3276],{"class":947},[52,5476,3320],{"class":731},[52,5478,3323],{"class":117},[52,5480,3326],{"class":731},[52,5482,970],{"class":117},[52,5484,144],{"class":66},[52,5486,5487,5489,5491,5493],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5488,135],{"class":134},[52,5490,138],{"class":66},[52,5492,1703],{"class":117},[52,5494,144],{"class":66},[20,5496,1509],{},[43,5498,5499],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5500,5501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5502,5503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5504,3424],{"class":3295},[20,5506,5507,5508,5511],{},"This works because ",[15,5509,5510],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[163,5513,5514,5522,5529],{},[166,5515,5516,5519,5520],{},[15,5517,5518],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5521,3116],{},[166,5523,5524,5519,5527],{},[15,5525,5526],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5528,3116],{},[166,5530,5531,5519,5534],{},[15,5532,5533],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5535,3044],{},[20,5537,5538,5539,5541,5542,5544,5545,114],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5540,3044],{}," result, ",[15,5543,4629],{}," can return ",[15,5546,3044],{},[20,5548,5549],{},"Here is another example:",[43,5551,5553],{"className":45,"code":5552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5554,5555,5584,5588,5618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5556,5557,5559,5561,5563,5565,5567,5569,5571,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5558,3515],{"class":58},[52,5560,63],{"class":62},[52,5562,3063],{"class":66},[52,5564,71],{"class":70},[52,5566,75],{"class":74},[52,5568,71],{"class":70},[52,5570,80],{"class":66},[52,5572,5573],{"class":70}," \"\"",[52,5575,80],{"class":66},[52,5577,83],{"class":70},[52,5579,86],{"class":74},[52,5581,71],{"class":70},[52,5583,3076],{"class":66},[52,5585,5586],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5587,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,5589,5590,5593,5595,5597,5599,5602,5604,5606,5608,5611,5613,5616],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5591,5592],{"class":58},"has_empty_string ",[52,5594,63],{"class":62},[52,5596,5466],{"class":134},[52,5598,138],{"class":66},[52,5600,5601],{"class":117},"word ",[52,5603,4131],{"class":62},[52,5605,5573],{"class":70},[52,5607,3320],{"class":731},[52,5609,5610],{"class":117}," word ",[52,5612,3326],{"class":731},[52,5614,5615],{"class":117}," words",[52,5617,144],{"class":66},[52,5619,5620,5622,5624,5627],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5621,135],{"class":134},[52,5623,138],{"class":66},[52,5625,5626],{"class":117},"has_empty_string",[52,5628,144],{"class":66},[20,5630,1509],{},[43,5632,5633],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5634,5635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5636,5637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5638,3424],{"class":3295},[20,5640,5641,5642,114],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[221,5643,5645],{"href":5644},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[38,5647,5649],{"id":5648},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5651,5652,5653,202],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5654,3116],{},[43,5656,5658],{"className":45,"code":5657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5659,5660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5661,5662,5664,5666,5668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5663,135],{"class":134},[52,5665,138],{"class":66},[52,5667,4799],{"class":134},[52,5669,3870],{"class":66},[20,5671,1509],{},[43,5673,5674],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5675,5676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5677,5678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5679,3485],{"class":3295},[20,5681,5682],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5684,5685,5686,5688],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5687,4629],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5690,5691],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[43,5693,5695],{"className":45,"code":5694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5696,5697,5707,5722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5698,5699,5701,5703,5705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5700,135],{"class":134},[52,5702,138],{"class":66},[52,5704,4799],{"class":134},[52,5706,3928],{"class":66},[52,5708,5709,5711,5713,5715,5717,5720],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5710,135],{"class":134},[52,5712,138],{"class":66},[52,5714,4799],{"class":134},[52,5716,138],{"class":66},[52,5718,5719],{"class":70},"\"\"",[52,5721,1222],{"class":66},[52,5723,5724,5726,5728,5730,5732,5734],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5725,135],{"class":134},[52,5727,138],{"class":66},[52,5729,4799],{"class":134},[52,5731,138],{"class":66},[52,5733,601],{"class":600},[52,5735,5736],{"class":66},"()))\n",[20,5738,1509],{},[43,5740,5742],{"className":45,"code":5741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5743,5744,5748,5752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5745,5746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5747,3485],{"class":3295},[52,5749,5750],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5751,3485],{"class":3295},[52,5753,5754],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5755,3485],{"class":3295},[38,5757,5759],{"id":5758},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5761,799,5762,5764],{},[15,5763,4629],{}," when you want to:",[163,5766,5767,5770,5773],{},[166,5768,5769],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[166,5771,5772],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[166,5774,5775],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5777,5778],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[43,5780,5782],{"className":45,"code":5781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5783,5784,5809,5813,5823,5827,5840,5859,5869,5875,5880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5785,5786,5788,5790,5792,5794,5796,5798,5800,5802,5804,5807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5787,940],{"class":58},[52,5789,63],{"class":62},[52,5791,3063],{"class":66},[52,5793,948],{"class":947},[52,5795,80],{"class":66},[52,5797,958],{"class":947},[52,5799,80],{"class":66},[52,5801,4048],{"class":947},[52,5803,80],{"class":66},[52,5805,5806],{"class":947}," 8",[52,5808,3076],{"class":66},[52,5810,5811],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5812,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,5814,5815,5818,5820],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,5816,5817],{"class":58},"found_even ",[52,5819,63],{"class":62},[52,5821,5822],{"class":3295}," False\n",[52,5824,5825],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,5826,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,5828,5829,5831,5834,5836,5838],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,5830,5405],{"class":731},[52,5832,5833],{"class":58}," number ",[52,5835,3326],{"class":731},[52,5837,970],{"class":58},[52,5839,737],{"class":66},[52,5841,5842,5845,5847,5850,5852,5855,5857],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,5843,5844],{"class":731},"    if",[52,5846,5833],{"class":58},[52,5848,5849],{"class":62},"%",[52,5851,953],{"class":947},[52,5853,5854],{"class":62}," ==",[52,5856,3276],{"class":947},[52,5858,737],{"class":66},[52,5860,5861,5864,5866],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,5862,5863],{"class":58},"        found_even ",[52,5865,63],{"class":62},[52,5867,5868],{"class":3295}," True\n",[52,5870,5872],{"class":54,"line":5871},8,[52,5873,5874],{"class":731},"        break\n",[52,5876,5878],{"class":54,"line":5877},9,[52,5879,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,5881,5883,5885,5887,5890],{"class":54,"line":5882},10,[52,5884,135],{"class":134},[52,5886,138],{"class":66},[52,5888,5889],{"class":117},"found_even",[52,5891,144],{"class":66},[20,5893,5894],{},"You can write:",[43,5896,5898],{"className":45,"code":5897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5899,5900,5924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5901,5902,5904,5906,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918,5920,5922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5903,940],{"class":58},[52,5905,63],{"class":62},[52,5907,3063],{"class":66},[52,5909,948],{"class":947},[52,5911,80],{"class":66},[52,5913,958],{"class":947},[52,5915,80],{"class":66},[52,5917,4048],{"class":947},[52,5919,80],{"class":66},[52,5921,5806],{"class":947},[52,5923,3076],{"class":66},[52,5925,5926,5928,5930,5932,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,5927,135],{"class":134},[52,5929,138],{"class":66},[52,5931,4799],{"class":134},[52,5933,138],{"class":66},[52,5935,1655],{"class":117},[52,5937,5849],{"class":62},[52,5939,953],{"class":947},[52,5941,5854],{"class":62},[52,5943,3276],{"class":947},[52,5945,3320],{"class":731},[52,5947,5833],{"class":117},[52,5949,3326],{"class":731},[52,5951,970],{"class":117},[52,5953,1222],{"class":66},[20,5955,5956,5957,5959],{},"Both work, but ",[15,5958,4629],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[38,5961,3961],{"id":3960},[20,5963,5964,5965,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,5966,4629],{},[699,5968,5970],{"id":5969},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,5972,3968],{},[43,5974,5976],{"className":45,"code":5975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(5))\n",[15,5977,5978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5979,5980,5982,5984,5986,5988,5990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5981,135],{"class":134},[52,5983,138],{"class":66},[52,5985,4799],{"class":134},[52,5987,138],{"class":66},[52,5989,1131],{"class":947},[52,5991,1222],{"class":66},[20,5993,5994,5995,5997],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,5996,1131],{}," is not iterable.",[20,5999,6000],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[43,6002,6004],{"className":45,"code":6003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6005,6006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6007,6008,6010,6012,6014,6016,6018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6009,135],{"class":134},[52,6011,138],{"class":66},[52,6013,4799],{"class":134},[52,6015,2424],{"class":66},[52,6017,1131],{"class":947},[52,6019,2437],{"class":66},[699,6021,6023],{"id":6022},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6025,6026,6028,6029,6032],{},[15,6027,4629],{}," needs only ",[30,6030,6031],{},"one"," truthy item.",[43,6034,6036],{"className":45,"code":6035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6037,6038],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6039,6040,6042,6044,6046,6048,6050,6052,6054,6056,6058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6041,135],{"class":134},[52,6043,138],{"class":66},[52,6045,4799],{"class":134},[52,6047,2424],{"class":66},[52,6049,3116],{"class":3295},[52,6051,80],{"class":66},[52,6053,3351],{"class":3295},[52,6055,80],{"class":66},[52,6057,3360],{"class":3295},[52,6059,2437],{"class":66},[20,6061,1509],{},[43,6063,6064],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6065,6066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6067,6068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6069,3424],{"class":3295},[20,6071,6072,6073,6077],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[221,6074,6075],{"href":4871},[15,6076,3018],{}," instead.",[699,6079,6081],{"id":6080},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6083,6084,6085,114],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6086,6087],{},"\"True\"",[43,6089,6091],{"className":45,"code":6090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6092,6093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6094,6095,6097,6099,6101,6103,6105,6107,6109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6096,135],{"class":134},[52,6098,138],{"class":66},[52,6100,4799],{"class":134},[52,6102,2424],{"class":66},[52,6104,71],{"class":70},[52,6106,3116],{"class":74},[52,6108,71],{"class":70},[52,6110,2437],{"class":66},[20,6112,1509],{},[43,6114,6115],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6116,6117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6118,6119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6120,3424],{"class":3295},[20,6122,6123,6124,6127],{},"That is because ",[15,6125,6126],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[699,6129,6131],{"id":6130},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6133,6134],{},"This works:",[43,6136,6138],{"className":45,"code":6137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6139,6140,6160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6141,6142,6144,6146,6148,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6143,940],{"class":58},[52,6145,63],{"class":62},[52,6147,3063],{"class":66},[52,6149,948],{"class":947},[52,6151,80],{"class":66},[52,6153,953],{"class":947},[52,6155,80],{"class":66},[52,6157,958],{"class":947},[52,6159,3076],{"class":66},[52,6161,6162,6164,6166,6168,6170,6172,6174,6176,6178,6180,6182,6184],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6163,135],{"class":134},[52,6165,138],{"class":66},[52,6167,4799],{"class":134},[52,6169,2424],{"class":66},[52,6171,2463],{"class":117},[52,6173,3695],{"class":62},[52,6175,953],{"class":947},[52,6177,3320],{"class":731},[52,6179,3323],{"class":117},[52,6181,3326],{"class":731},[52,6183,970],{"class":117},[52,6185,2437],{"class":66},[20,6187,6188],{},"But this is usually better:",[43,6190,6192],{"className":45,"code":6191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6193,6194,6214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6195,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6197,940],{"class":58},[52,6199,63],{"class":62},[52,6201,3063],{"class":66},[52,6203,948],{"class":947},[52,6205,80],{"class":66},[52,6207,953],{"class":947},[52,6209,80],{"class":66},[52,6211,958],{"class":947},[52,6213,3076],{"class":66},[52,6215,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228,6230,6232,6234,6236,6238],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6217,135],{"class":134},[52,6219,138],{"class":66},[52,6221,4799],{"class":134},[52,6223,138],{"class":66},[52,6225,2463],{"class":117},[52,6227,3695],{"class":62},[52,6229,953],{"class":947},[52,6231,3320],{"class":731},[52,6233,3323],{"class":117},[52,6235,3326],{"class":731},[52,6237,970],{"class":117},[52,6239,1222],{"class":66},[20,6241,6242],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[38,6244,1273],{"id":1272},[699,6246,6248],{"id":6247},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6250,4592,6251,6253,6254,114],{},[15,6252,3044],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6255,3116],{},[699,6257,6259],{"id":6258},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6261,6262,1837,6264,6266],{},[15,6263,4629],{},[15,6265,3116],{}," for an empty iterable.",[699,6268,6270],{"id":6269},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6272,6273,6275,6276,6278],{},[15,6274,4629],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6277,3018],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[699,6280,6282],{"id":6281},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6284,6285],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[43,6287,6288],{"className":45,"code":5391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6289,6290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6291,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6293,4799],{"class":134},[52,6295,138],{"class":66},[52,6297,5402],{"class":117},[52,6299,5405],{"class":731},[52,6301,5408],{"class":117},[52,6303,3326],{"class":731},[52,6305,111],{"class":117},[52,6307,144],{"class":66},[20,6309,4918],{},[43,6311,6312],{"className":45,"code":6191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6313,6314,6334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6315,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6317,940],{"class":58},[52,6319,63],{"class":62},[52,6321,3063],{"class":66},[52,6323,948],{"class":947},[52,6325,80],{"class":66},[52,6327,953],{"class":947},[52,6329,80],{"class":66},[52,6331,958],{"class":947},[52,6333,3076],{"class":66},[52,6335,6336,6338,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6337,135],{"class":134},[52,6339,138],{"class":66},[52,6341,4799],{"class":134},[52,6343,138],{"class":66},[52,6345,2463],{"class":117},[52,6347,3695],{"class":62},[52,6349,953],{"class":947},[52,6351,3320],{"class":731},[52,6353,3323],{"class":117},[52,6355,3326],{"class":731},[52,6357,970],{"class":117},[52,6359,1222],{"class":66},[38,6361,1332],{"id":1331},[163,6363,6364,6370,6374,6378,6383],{},[166,6365,6366],{},[221,6367,6368,2948],{"href":4871},[15,6369,3018],{},[166,6371,6372],{},[221,6373,3249],{"href":5224},[166,6375,6376],{},[221,6377,4661],{"href":5033},[166,6379,6380],{},[221,6381,6382],{"href":5644},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[166,6384,6385],{},[221,6386,6387,2948],{"href":5227},[15,6388,3255],{},[1364,6390,6391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":6393},[6394,6395,6396,6397,6398,6399,6400,6401,6407,6413],{"id":4821,"depth":103,"text":4822},{"id":4876,"depth":103,"text":4877},{"id":3170,"depth":103,"text":3171},{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":5376,"depth":103,"text":5377},{"id":5648,"depth":103,"text":5649},{"id":5758,"depth":103,"text":5759},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":6402},[6403,6404,6405,6406],{"id":5969,"depth":124,"text":5970},{"id":6022,"depth":124,"text":6023},{"id":6080,"depth":124,"text":6081},{"id":6130,"depth":124,"text":6131},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":6408},[6409,6410,6411,6412],{"id":6247,"depth":124,"text":6248},{"id":6258,"depth":124,"text":6259},{"id":6269,"depth":124,"text":6270},{"id":6281,"depth":124,"text":6282},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4724,"description":6414},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6420,"title":6421,"body":6422,"description":8551,"extension":1401,"meta":8552,"navigation":127,"path":8553,"seo":8554,"stem":8555,"__hash__":8556},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6423,"toc":8514},[6424,6427,6436,6445,6447,6544,6546,6575,6591,6595,6600,6603,6613,6619,6625,6641,6643,6651,6658,6662,6665,6680,6685,6703,6708,6710,6758,6760,6777,6781,6787,6790,6825,6827,6933,6935,6972,6976,6984,6986,7006,7008,7129,7131,7160,7163,7186,7188,7196,7204,7208,7214,7218,7259,7261,7269,7272,7300,7302,7310,7314,7343,7345,7353,7385,7387,7395,7399,7450,7452,7460,7468,7472,7475,7527,7529,7550,7557,7561,7567,7570,7578,7600,7602,7610,7618,7641,7643,7651,7656,7661,7673,7675,7716,7727,7731,7740,7743,7746,7805,7808,7860,7863,7868,7884,7890,7892,7897,7905,7908,7930,7932,7940,7945,7948,7983,7985,7993,7997,8002,8040,8052,8055,8109,8117,8121,8124,8146,8155,8158,8199,8201,8224,8230,8236,8251,8253,8273,8276,8295,8297,8316,8320,8326,8405,8408,8422,8429,8431,8435,8442,8446,8450,8454,8459,8463,8468,8472,8479,8481,8511],[10,6425,6421],{"id":6426},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6428,1418,6429,6431,6432,456,6434,114],{},[15,6430,3255],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6433,3044],{},[15,6435,3116],{},[20,6437,6438,6439,6441,6442,6444],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6440,3255],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6443,732],{}," statements and other conditions.",[38,6446,3049],{"id":3048},[43,6448,6450],{"className":45,"code":6449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6451,6452,6466,6480,6494,6512,6522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6453,6454,6456,6458,6460,6462,6464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6455,135],{"class":134},[52,6457,138],{"class":66},[52,6459,3311],{"class":600},[52,6461,138],{"class":66},[52,6463,1558],{"class":947},[52,6465,1222],{"class":66},[52,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6469,135],{"class":134},[52,6471,138],{"class":66},[52,6473,3311],{"class":600},[52,6475,138],{"class":66},[52,6477,948],{"class":947},[52,6479,1222],{"class":66},[52,6481,6482,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,6483,135],{"class":134},[52,6485,138],{"class":66},[52,6487,3311],{"class":600},[52,6489,138],{"class":66},[52,6491,5719],{"class":70},[52,6493,1222],{"class":66},[52,6495,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506,6508,6510],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6497,135],{"class":134},[52,6499,138],{"class":66},[52,6501,3311],{"class":600},[52,6503,138],{"class":66},[52,6505,71],{"class":70},[52,6507,3288],{"class":74},[52,6509,71],{"class":70},[52,6511,1222],{"class":66},[52,6513,6514,6516,6518,6520],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,6515,135],{"class":134},[52,6517,138],{"class":66},[52,6519,3311],{"class":600},[52,6521,3870],{"class":66},[52,6523,6524,6526,6528,6530,6532,6534,6536,6538,6540,6542],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,6525,135],{"class":134},[52,6527,138],{"class":66},[52,6529,3311],{"class":600},[52,6531,2424],{"class":66},[52,6533,948],{"class":947},[52,6535,80],{"class":66},[52,6537,953],{"class":947},[52,6539,80],{"class":66},[52,6541,958],{"class":947},[52,6543,2437],{"class":66},[20,6545,5006],{},[43,6547,6549],{"className":45,"code":6548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6550,6551,6555,6559,6563,6567,6571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6552,6553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6554,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6556,6557],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6558,3424],{"class":3295},[52,6560,6561],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,6562,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6564,6565],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6566,3424],{"class":3295},[52,6568,6569],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,6570,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6572,6573],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,6574,3424],{"class":3295},[20,6576,799,6577,6580,6581,456,6583,6585,6586,6588,6589,114],{},[15,6578,6579],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6582,3044],{},[15,6584,3116],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6587,3116],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6590,3044],{},[38,6592,6594],{"id":6593},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6596,6597,6599],{},[15,6598,3255],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6601,6602],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[163,6604,6605,6609],{},[166,6606,6607],{},[15,6608,3044],{},[166,6610,6611],{},[15,6612,3116],{},[20,6614,6615,6616,6618],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6617,732],{}," statements.",[20,6620,6621,6622,6624],{},"You can also call ",[15,6623,3255],{}," with no argument:",[43,6626,6628],{"className":45,"code":6627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool())\n",[15,6629,6630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6631,6632,6634,6636,6638],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6633,135],{"class":134},[52,6635,138],{"class":66},[52,6637,3311],{"class":600},[52,6639,6640],{"class":66},"())\n",[20,6642,1509],{},[43,6644,6645],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6646,6647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6648,6649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6650,3485],{"class":3295},[20,6652,6653,6654,114],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[221,6655,6657],{"href":6656},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[38,6659,6661],{"id":6660},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6663,6664],{},"The basic syntax is:",[43,6666,6668],{"className":45,"code":6667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bool(value)\n",[15,6669,6670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6671,6672,6674,6676,6678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6673,3311],{"class":600},[52,6675,138],{"class":66},[52,6677,985],{"class":117},[52,6679,144],{"class":66},[20,6681,1418,6682,6684],{},[15,6683,985],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[163,6686,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695,6698,6700],{},[166,6688,1037],{},[166,6690,4754],{},[166,6692,4745],{},[166,6694,4748],{},[166,6696,6697],{},"dictionaries",[166,6699,4751],{},[166,6701,6702],{},"other objects",[20,6704,6705,6706,114],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6707,3116],{},[20,6709,267],{},[43,6711,6713],{"className":45,"code":6712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6714,6715,6729,6748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6716,6717,6719,6721,6723,6725,6727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6718,135],{"class":134},[52,6720,138],{"class":66},[52,6722,3311],{"class":600},[52,6724,138],{"class":66},[52,6726,1770],{"class":947},[52,6728,1222],{"class":66},[52,6730,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741,6744,6746],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6732,135],{"class":134},[52,6734,138],{"class":66},[52,6736,3311],{"class":600},[52,6738,138],{"class":66},[52,6740,71],{"class":70},[52,6742,6743],{"class":74},"Python",[52,6745,71],{"class":70},[52,6747,1222],{"class":66},[52,6749,6750,6752,6754,6756],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,6751,135],{"class":134},[52,6753,138],{"class":66},[52,6755,3311],{"class":600},[52,6757,6640],{"class":66},[20,6759,1509],{},[43,6761,6763],{"className":45,"code":6762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6764,6765,6769,6773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6766,6767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6768,3424],{"class":3295},[52,6770,6771],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6772,3424],{"class":3295},[52,6774,6775],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,6776,3485],{"class":3295},[38,6778,6780],{"id":6779},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6782,6783,6784,6786],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,6785,5043],{}," values.",[20,6788,6789],{},"Common examples:",[163,6791,6792,6796,6800,6804,6808,6813,6817,6821],{},[166,6793,6794],{},[15,6795,1558],{},[166,6797,6798],{},[15,6799,3210],{},[166,6801,6802],{},[15,6803,5719],{},[166,6805,6806],{},[15,6807,3229],{},[166,6809,6810],{},[15,6811,6812],{},"()",[166,6814,6815],{},[15,6816,3234],{},[166,6818,6819],{},[15,6820,3239],{},[166,6822,6823],{},[15,6824,3220],{},[20,6826,267],{},[43,6828,6830],{"className":45,"code":6829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6831,6832,6846,6860,6874,6884,6894,6905,6919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6833,6834,6836,6838,6840,6842,6844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6835,135],{"class":134},[52,6837,138],{"class":66},[52,6839,3311],{"class":600},[52,6841,138],{"class":66},[52,6843,1558],{"class":947},[52,6845,1222],{"class":66},[52,6847,6848,6850,6852,6854,6856,6858],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6849,135],{"class":134},[52,6851,138],{"class":66},[52,6853,3311],{"class":600},[52,6855,138],{"class":66},[52,6857,3210],{"class":947},[52,6859,1222],{"class":66},[52,6861,6862,6864,6866,6868,6870,6872],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,6863,135],{"class":134},[52,6865,138],{"class":66},[52,6867,3311],{"class":600},[52,6869,138],{"class":66},[52,6871,5719],{"class":70},[52,6873,1222],{"class":66},[52,6875,6876,6878,6880,6882],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6877,135],{"class":134},[52,6879,138],{"class":66},[52,6881,3311],{"class":600},[52,6883,3870],{"class":66},[52,6885,6886,6888,6890,6892],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,6887,135],{"class":134},[52,6889,138],{"class":66},[52,6891,3311],{"class":600},[52,6893,3928],{"class":66},[52,6895,6896,6898,6900,6902],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,6897,135],{"class":134},[52,6899,138],{"class":66},[52,6901,3311],{"class":600},[52,6903,6904],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[52,6906,6907,6909,6911,6913,6915,6917],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,6908,135],{"class":134},[52,6910,138],{"class":66},[52,6912,3311],{"class":600},[52,6914,138],{"class":66},[52,6916,601],{"class":600},[52,6918,5736],{"class":66},[52,6920,6921,6923,6925,6927,6929,6931],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,6922,135],{"class":134},[52,6924,138],{"class":66},[52,6926,3311],{"class":600},[52,6928,138],{"class":66},[52,6930,3220],{"class":3295},[52,6932,1222],{"class":66},[20,6934,1509],{},[43,6936,6938],{"className":45,"code":6937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6939,6940,6944,6948,6952,6956,6960,6964,6968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6941,6942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6943,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6945,6946],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,6947,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6949,6950],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,6951,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6953,6954],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,6955,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6957,6958],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,6959,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6961,6962],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,6963,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6965,6966],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,6967,3485],{"class":3295},[52,6969,6970],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,6971,3485],{"class":3295},[38,6973,6975],{"id":6974},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,6977,6978,6979,6981,6982,6786],{},"Many values become ",[15,6980,3044],{},". These are often called ",[30,6983,5040],{},[20,6985,6789],{},[163,6987,6988,6991,6994,6997,7000,7003],{},[166,6989,6990],{},"non-zero numbers",[166,6992,6993],{},"non-empty strings",[166,6995,6996],{},"non-empty lists",[166,6998,6999],{},"non-empty tuples",[166,7001,7002],{},"non-empty sets",[166,7004,7005],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7007,267],{},[43,7009,7011],{"className":45,"code":7010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7012,7013,7027,7043,7061,7083,7101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7014,7015,7017,7019,7021,7023,7025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7016,135],{"class":134},[52,7018,138],{"class":66},[52,7020,3311],{"class":600},[52,7022,138],{"class":66},[52,7024,1131],{"class":947},[52,7026,1222],{"class":66},[52,7028,7029,7031,7033,7035,7037,7039,7041],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7030,135],{"class":134},[52,7032,138],{"class":66},[52,7034,3311],{"class":600},[52,7036,138],{"class":66},[52,7038,1460],{"class":62},[52,7040,1047],{"class":947},[52,7042,1222],{"class":66},[52,7044,7045,7047,7049,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,7046,135],{"class":134},[52,7048,138],{"class":66},[52,7050,3311],{"class":600},[52,7052,138],{"class":66},[52,7054,71],{"class":70},[52,7056,3288],{"class":74},[52,7058,71],{"class":70},[52,7060,1222],{"class":66},[52,7062,7063,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079,7081],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7064,135],{"class":134},[52,7066,138],{"class":66},[52,7068,3311],{"class":600},[52,7070,2424],{"class":66},[52,7072,948],{"class":947},[52,7074,80],{"class":66},[52,7076,953],{"class":947},[52,7078,80],{"class":66},[52,7080,958],{"class":947},[52,7082,2437],{"class":66},[52,7084,7085,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,7086,135],{"class":134},[52,7088,138],{"class":66},[52,7090,3311],{"class":600},[52,7092,4957],{"class":66},[52,7094,948],{"class":947},[52,7096,80],{"class":66},[52,7098,953],{"class":947},[52,7100,2350],{"class":66},[52,7102,7103,7105,7107,7109,7111,7113,7116,7118,7120,7122,7125,7127],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,7104,135],{"class":134},[52,7106,138],{"class":66},[52,7108,3311],{"class":600},[52,7110,4976],{"class":66},[52,7112,71],{"class":70},[52,7114,7115],{"class":74},"name",[52,7117,71],{"class":70},[52,7119,202],{"class":66},[52,7121,83],{"class":70},[52,7123,7124],{"class":74},"Sam",[52,7126,71],{"class":70},[52,7128,4985],{"class":66},[20,7130,1509],{},[43,7132,7134],{"className":45,"code":7133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7135,7136,7140,7144,7148,7152,7156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7137,7138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7139,3424],{"class":3295},[52,7141,7142],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7143,3424],{"class":3295},[52,7145,7146],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,7147,3424],{"class":3295},[52,7149,7150],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7151,3424],{"class":3295},[52,7153,7154],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,7155,3424],{"class":3295},[52,7157,7158],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,7159,3424],{"class":3295},[20,7161,7162],{},"One important example is this:",[43,7164,7166],{"className":45,"code":7165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7167,7168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7169,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178,7180,7182,7184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7171,135],{"class":134},[52,7173,138],{"class":66},[52,7175,3311],{"class":600},[52,7177,138],{"class":66},[52,7179,71],{"class":70},[52,7181,3116],{"class":74},[52,7183,71],{"class":70},[52,7185,1222],{"class":66},[20,7187,1509],{},[43,7189,7190],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7191,7192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7193,7194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7195,3424],{"class":3295},[20,7197,7198,7199,7201,7202,114],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7200,6126],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7203,3044],{},[38,7205,7207],{"id":7206},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7209,7210,7211,7213],{},"You can use ",[15,7212,3255],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[699,7215,7217],{"id":7216},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[43,7219,7221],{"className":45,"code":7220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7222,7223,7245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7224,7225,7227,7229,7231,7233,7235,7238,7240,7243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7226,59],{"class":58},[52,7228,63],{"class":62},[52,7230,3063],{"class":66},[52,7232,1770],{"class":947},[52,7234,80],{"class":66},[52,7236,7237],{"class":947}," 20",[52,7239,80],{"class":66},[52,7241,7242],{"class":947}," 30",[52,7244,3076],{"class":66},[52,7246,7247,7249,7251,7253,7255,7257],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7248,135],{"class":134},[52,7250,138],{"class":66},[52,7252,3311],{"class":600},[52,7254,138],{"class":66},[52,7256,154],{"class":117},[52,7258,1222],{"class":66},[20,7260,1509],{},[43,7262,7263],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7264,7265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7266,7267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7268,3424],{"class":3295},[20,7270,7271],{},"With an empty list:",[43,7273,7275],{"className":45,"code":7274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7276,7277,7286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7278,7279,7281,7283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7280,59],{"class":58},[52,7282,63],{"class":62},[52,7284,7285],{"class":66}," []\n",[52,7287,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7289,135],{"class":134},[52,7291,138],{"class":66},[52,7293,3311],{"class":600},[52,7295,138],{"class":66},[52,7297,154],{"class":117},[52,7299,1222],{"class":66},[20,7301,1509],{},[43,7303,7304],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7305,7306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7307,7308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7309,3485],{"class":3295},[699,7311,7313],{"id":7312},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[43,7315,7317],{"className":45,"code":7316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7318,7319,7329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7320,7321,7324,7326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7322,7323],{"class":58},"name ",[52,7325,63],{"class":62},[52,7327,7328],{"class":70}," \"\"\n",[52,7330,7331,7333,7335,7337,7339,7341],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7332,135],{"class":134},[52,7334,138],{"class":66},[52,7336,3311],{"class":600},[52,7338,138],{"class":66},[52,7340,7115],{"class":117},[52,7342,1222],{"class":66},[20,7344,1509],{},[43,7346,7347],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7348,7349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7350,7351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7352,3485],{"class":3295},[43,7354,7356],{"className":45,"code":7355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7357,7358,7371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7359,7360,7362,7364,7366,7369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7361,7323],{"class":58},[52,7363,63],{"class":62},[52,7365,83],{"class":70},[52,7367,7368],{"class":74},"Mia",[52,7370,2797],{"class":70},[52,7372,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7374,135],{"class":134},[52,7376,138],{"class":66},[52,7378,3311],{"class":600},[52,7380,138],{"class":66},[52,7382,7115],{"class":117},[52,7384,1222],{"class":66},[20,7386,1509],{},[43,7388,7389],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7390,7391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7392,7393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7394,3424],{"class":3295},[699,7396,7398],{"id":7397},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[43,7400,7402],{"className":45,"code":7401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7403,7404,7418,7435,7439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7405,7406,7409,7411,7413,7416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7407,7408],{"class":58},"username ",[52,7410,63],{"class":62},[52,7412,83],{"class":70},[52,7414,7415],{"class":74},"alex",[52,7417,2797],{"class":70},[52,7419,7420,7423,7425,7428,7430,7433],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7421,7422],{"class":58},"has_name ",[52,7424,63],{"class":62},[52,7426,7427],{"class":600}," bool",[52,7429,138],{"class":66},[52,7431,7432],{"class":117},"username",[52,7434,144],{"class":66},[52,7436,7437],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,7438,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,7440,7441,7443,7445,7448],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7442,135],{"class":134},[52,7444,138],{"class":66},[52,7446,7447],{"class":117},"has_name",[52,7449,144],{"class":66},[20,7451,1509],{},[43,7453,7454],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7455,7456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7457,7458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7459,3424],{"class":3295},[20,7461,7462,7463,456,7465,7467],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7464,3044],{},[15,7466,3116],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[699,7469,7471],{"id":7470},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7473,7474],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[43,7476,7478],{"className":45,"code":7477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7479,7480,7500,7504,7512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7481,7482,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7483,940],{"class":58},[52,7485,63],{"class":62},[52,7487,3063],{"class":66},[52,7489,948],{"class":947},[52,7491,80],{"class":66},[52,7493,953],{"class":947},[52,7495,80],{"class":66},[52,7497,958],{"class":947},[52,7499,3076],{"class":66},[52,7501,7502],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7503,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,7505,7506,7508,7510],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,7507,732],{"class":731},[52,7509,970],{"class":58},[52,7511,737],{"class":66},[52,7513,7514,7516,7518,7520,7523,7525],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7515,757],{"class":134},[52,7517,138],{"class":66},[52,7519,71],{"class":70},[52,7521,7522],{"class":74},"The list is not empty",[52,7524,71],{"class":70},[52,7526,144],{"class":66},[20,7528,1509],{},[43,7530,7532],{"className":45,"code":7531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7533,7534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7535,7536,7538,7541,7544,7547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7537,1418],{"class":58},[52,7539,7540],{"class":600},"list",[52,7542,7543],{"class":62}," is",[52,7545,7546],{"class":62}," not",[52,7548,7549],{"class":58}," empty\n",[20,7551,7552,7553,114],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[221,7554,7556],{"href":7555},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[38,7558,7560],{"id":7559},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7562,7563,7564,7566],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7565,3255],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7568,7569],{},"It does not do that.",[699,7571,7573,1837,7576],{"id":7572},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7574,7575],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7577,3044],{},[43,7579,7580],{"className":45,"code":7165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7581,7582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7583,7584,7586,7588,7590,7592,7594,7596,7598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7585,135],{"class":134},[52,7587,138],{"class":66},[52,7589,3311],{"class":600},[52,7591,138],{"class":66},[52,7593,71],{"class":70},[52,7595,3116],{"class":74},[52,7597,71],{"class":70},[52,7599,1222],{"class":66},[20,7601,1509],{},[43,7603,7604],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7605,7606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7607,7608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7609,3424],{"class":3295},[699,7611,7613,1837,7616],{"id":7612},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7614,7615],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7617,3044],{},[43,7619,7621],{"className":45,"code":7620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7622,7623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7624,7625,7627,7629,7631,7633,7635,7637,7639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7626,135],{"class":134},[52,7628,138],{"class":66},[52,7630,3311],{"class":600},[52,7632,138],{"class":66},[52,7634,71],{"class":70},[52,7636,1558],{"class":74},[52,7638,71],{"class":70},[52,7640,1222],{"class":66},[20,7642,1509],{},[43,7644,7645],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7646,7647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7648,7649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7650,3424],{"class":3295},[20,7652,7653,7654,114],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,7655,6993],{},[20,7657,7658,7660],{},[15,7659,3255],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7662,7663,7664,7669,7670,7672],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[221,7665,7667],{"href":7666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7668,2396],{},", because ",[15,7671,2396],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7674,267],{},[43,7676,7678],{"className":45,"code":7677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7679,7680,7701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7681,7682,7685,7687,7690,7692,7694,7697,7699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7683,7684],{"class":58},"user_value ",[52,7686,63],{"class":62},[52,7688,7689],{"class":134}," input",[52,7691,138],{"class":66},[52,7693,71],{"class":70},[52,7695,7696],{"class":74},"Enter True or False: ",[52,7698,71],{"class":70},[52,7700,144],{"class":66},[52,7702,7703,7705,7707,7709,7711,7714],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7704,135],{"class":134},[52,7706,138],{"class":66},[52,7708,3311],{"class":600},[52,7710,138],{"class":66},[52,7712,7713],{"class":117},"user_value",[52,7715,1222],{"class":66},[20,7717,7718,7719,7721,7722,7669,7724,7726],{},"If the user types ",[15,7720,3116],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7723,3044],{},[15,7725,6126],{}," is not empty.",[38,7728,7730],{"id":7729},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7732,7733,7734,7736,7737,7739],{},"In many ",[15,7735,732],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7738,3255],{}," yourself.",[20,7741,7742],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7744,7745],{},"Instead of this:",[43,7747,7749],{"className":45,"code":7748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7750,7751,7772,7776,7790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7752,7753,7756,7758,7760,7762,7764,7766,7768,7770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7754,7755],{"class":58},"my_list ",[52,7757,63],{"class":62},[52,7759,3063],{"class":66},[52,7761,948],{"class":947},[52,7763,80],{"class":66},[52,7765,953],{"class":947},[52,7767,80],{"class":66},[52,7769,958],{"class":947},[52,7771,3076],{"class":66},[52,7773,7774],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7775,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,7777,7778,7780,7782,7784,7787],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,7779,732],{"class":731},[52,7781,7427],{"class":600},[52,7783,138],{"class":66},[52,7785,7786],{"class":117},"my_list",[52,7788,7789],{"class":66},"):\n",[52,7791,7792,7794,7796,7798,7801,7803],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7793,757],{"class":134},[52,7795,138],{"class":66},[52,7797,71],{"class":70},[52,7799,7800],{"class":74},"List has items",[52,7802,71],{"class":70},[52,7804,144],{"class":66},[20,7806,7807],{},"You can simply write:",[43,7809,7811],{"className":45,"code":7810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7812,7813,7833,7837,7846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7814,7815,7817,7819,7821,7823,7825,7827,7829,7831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7816,7755],{"class":58},[52,7818,63],{"class":62},[52,7820,3063],{"class":66},[52,7822,948],{"class":947},[52,7824,80],{"class":66},[52,7826,953],{"class":947},[52,7828,80],{"class":66},[52,7830,958],{"class":947},[52,7832,3076],{"class":66},[52,7834,7835],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7836,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,7838,7839,7841,7844],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,7840,732],{"class":731},[52,7842,7843],{"class":58}," my_list",[52,7845,737],{"class":66},[52,7847,7848,7850,7852,7854,7856,7858],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,7849,757],{"class":134},[52,7851,138],{"class":66},[52,7853,71],{"class":70},[52,7855,7800],{"class":74},[52,7857,71],{"class":70},[52,7859,144],{"class":66},[20,7861,7862],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7864,1185,7865,7867],{},[15,7866,3255],{}," is still helpful when:",[163,7869,7870,7873,7881],{},[166,7871,7872],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[166,7874,7875,7876,456,7878,7880],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7877,3044],{},[15,7879,3116],{}," value",[166,7882,7883],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7885,7886,7887,114],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[221,7888,7889],{"href":1738},"Python type() function explained",[38,7891,1158],{"id":1157},[20,7893,7894,7895,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7896,3255],{},[699,7898,1174,7900,7902,7903],{"id":7899},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,7901,7575],{}," to return ",[15,7904,3116],{},[20,7906,7907],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[43,7909,7910],{"className":45,"code":7165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7911,7912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7913,7914,7916,7918,7920,7922,7924,7926,7928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7915,135],{"class":134},[52,7917,138],{"class":66},[52,7919,3311],{"class":600},[52,7921,138],{"class":66},[52,7923,71],{"class":70},[52,7925,3116],{"class":74},[52,7927,71],{"class":70},[52,7929,1222],{"class":66},[20,7931,1509],{},[43,7933,7934],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7935,7936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7937,7938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7939,3424],{"class":3295},[20,7941,7942,7943,6127],{},"Why? Because ",[15,7944,6126],{},[20,7946,7947],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[43,7949,7951],{"className":45,"code":7950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,7952,7953,7965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7954,7955,7957,7959,7961,7963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7956,965],{"class":58},[52,7958,63],{"class":62},[52,7960,83],{"class":70},[52,7962,3116],{"class":74},[52,7964,2797],{"class":70},[52,7966,7967,7969,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979,7981],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,7968,135],{"class":134},[52,7970,138],{"class":66},[52,7972,965],{"class":117},[52,7974,4131],{"class":62},[52,7976,83],{"class":70},[52,7978,3044],{"class":74},[52,7980,71],{"class":70},[52,7982,144],{"class":66},[20,7984,1509],{},[43,7986,7987],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7988,7989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7990,7991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7992,3485],{"class":3295},[699,7994,7996],{"id":7995},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,7998,7999,8001],{},[15,8000,2396],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[43,8003,8005],{"className":45,"code":8004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8006,8007,8026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8008,8009,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019,8022,8024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8010,965],{"class":58},[52,8012,63],{"class":62},[52,8014,7689],{"class":134},[52,8016,138],{"class":66},[52,8018,71],{"class":70},[52,8020,8021],{"class":74},"Enter yes or no: ",[52,8023,71],{"class":70},[52,8025,144],{"class":66},[52,8027,8028,8030,8032,8034,8036,8038],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8029,135],{"class":134},[52,8031,138],{"class":66},[52,8033,3311],{"class":600},[52,8035,138],{"class":66},[52,8037,985],{"class":117},[52,8039,1222],{"class":66},[20,8041,7718,8042,8045,8046,8048,8049,7726],{},[15,8043,8044],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8047,3044],{}," because ",[15,8050,8051],{},"\"no\"",[20,8053,8054],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[43,8056,8058],{"className":45,"code":8057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8059,8060,8090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8061,8062,8064,8066,8068,8070,8072,8074,8076,8079,8082,8085,8088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8063,965],{"class":58},[52,8065,63],{"class":62},[52,8067,7689],{"class":134},[52,8069,138],{"class":66},[52,8071,71],{"class":70},[52,8073,8021],{"class":74},[52,8075,71],{"class":70},[52,8077,8078],{"class":66},").",[52,8080,8081],{"class":117},"strip",[52,8083,8084],{"class":66},"().",[52,8086,8087],{"class":117},"lower",[52,8089,121],{"class":66},[52,8091,8092,8094,8096,8098,8100,8102,8105,8107],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8093,135],{"class":134},[52,8095,138],{"class":66},[52,8097,965],{"class":117},[52,8099,4131],{"class":62},[52,8101,83],{"class":70},[52,8103,8104],{"class":74},"yes",[52,8106,71],{"class":70},[52,8108,144],{"class":66},[20,8110,8111,8112,8114,8115,114],{},"This gives ",[15,8113,3044],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8116,8104],{},[699,8118,8120],{"id":8119},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8122,8123],{},"These are different:",[163,8125,8126,8130,8134,8138,8142],{},[166,8127,8128],{},[15,8129,3116],{},[166,8131,8132],{},[15,8133,1558],{},[166,8135,8136],{},[15,8137,5719],{},[166,8139,8140],{},[15,8141,3229],{},[166,8143,8144],{},[15,8145,3220],{},[20,8147,8148,8149,8151,8152,8154],{},"They all become ",[15,8150,3116],{}," with ",[15,8153,3255],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8156,8157],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[43,8159,8161],{"className":45,"code":8160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8162,8163,8171,8185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8164,8165,8167,8169],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8166,965],{"class":58},[52,8168,63],{"class":62},[52,8170,7285],{"class":66},[52,8172,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181,8183],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8174,135],{"class":134},[52,8176,138],{"class":66},[52,8178,1231],{"class":600},[52,8180,138],{"class":66},[52,8182,985],{"class":117},[52,8184,1222],{"class":66},[52,8186,8187,8189,8191,8193,8195,8197],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,8188,135],{"class":134},[52,8190,138],{"class":66},[52,8192,3311],{"class":600},[52,8194,138],{"class":66},[52,8196,985],{"class":117},[52,8198,1222],{"class":66},[20,8200,1509],{},[43,8202,8204],{"className":45,"code":8203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8205,8206,8220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8207,8208,8210,8212,8214,8216,8218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8209,2729],{"class":62},[52,8211,2732],{"class":1503},[52,8213,617],{"class":70},[52,8215,7540],{"class":74},[52,8217,608],{"class":70},[52,8219,2741],{"class":62},[52,8221,8222],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8223,3485],{"class":3295},[699,8225,1185,8227,8229],{"id":8226},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8228,3234],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8231,8232,8233,8235],{},"In Python, ",[15,8234,3234],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[43,8237,8239],{"className":45,"code":8238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8240,8241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8242,8243,8245,8247,8249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8244,135],{"class":134},[52,8246,138],{"class":66},[52,8248,1231],{"class":600},[52,8250,6904],{"class":66},[20,8252,1509],{},[43,8254,8256],{"className":45,"code":8255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8257,8258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8259,8260,8262,8264,8266,8269,8271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8261,2729],{"class":62},[52,8263,2732],{"class":1503},[52,8265,617],{"class":70},[52,8267,8268],{"class":74},"dict",[52,8270,608],{"class":70},[52,8272,2741],{"class":62},[20,8274,8275],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[43,8277,8279],{"className":45,"code":8278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8280,8281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8282,8283,8285,8287,8289,8291,8293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8284,135],{"class":134},[52,8286,138],{"class":66},[52,8288,1231],{"class":600},[52,8290,138],{"class":66},[52,8292,601],{"class":600},[52,8294,5736],{"class":66},[20,8296,1509],{},[43,8298,8300],{"className":45,"code":8299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8301,8302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8303,8304,8306,8308,8310,8312,8314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8305,2729],{"class":62},[52,8307,2732],{"class":1503},[52,8309,617],{"class":70},[52,8311,601],{"class":74},[52,8313,608],{"class":70},[52,8315,2741],{"class":62},[38,8317,8319],{"id":8318},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8321,8322,8323,8325],{},"If ",[15,8324,3255],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[43,8327,8329],{"className":45,"code":8328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8330,8331,8345,8359,8369,8387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8332,8333,8335,8337,8339,8341,8343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8334,135],{"class":134},[52,8336,138],{"class":66},[52,8338,3311],{"class":600},[52,8340,138],{"class":66},[52,8342,985],{"class":117},[52,8344,1222],{"class":66},[52,8346,8347,8349,8351,8353,8355,8357],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8348,135],{"class":134},[52,8350,138],{"class":66},[52,8352,1231],{"class":600},[52,8354,138],{"class":66},[52,8356,985],{"class":117},[52,8358,1222],{"class":66},[52,8360,8361,8363,8365,8367],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,8362,135],{"class":134},[52,8364,138],{"class":66},[52,8366,985],{"class":117},[52,8368,144],{"class":66},[52,8370,8371,8373,8375,8377,8379,8381,8383,8385],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8372,135],{"class":134},[52,8374,138],{"class":66},[52,8376,965],{"class":117},[52,8378,4131],{"class":62},[52,8380,83],{"class":70},[52,8382,3044],{"class":74},[52,8384,71],{"class":70},[52,8386,144],{"class":66},[52,8388,8389,8391,8393,8395,8397,8399,8401,8403],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,8390,135],{"class":134},[52,8392,138],{"class":66},[52,8394,985],{"class":117},[52,8396,114],{"class":66},[52,8398,8081],{"class":117},[52,8400,8084],{"class":66},[52,8402,8087],{"class":117},[52,8404,6640],{"class":66},[20,8406,8407],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[163,8409,8410,8413,8416,8419],{},[166,8411,8412],{},"what the value really is",[166,8414,8415],{},"whether it is a string",[166,8417,8418],{},"whether it contains spaces",[166,8420,8421],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8423,8424,8425,114],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[221,8426,8428],{"href":8427},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[38,8430,1273],{"id":1272},[699,8432,8434],{"id":8433},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8436,8437,8438,456,8440,114],{},"It returns either ",[15,8439,3044],{},[15,8441,3116],{},[699,8443,8445],{"id":8444},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8447,4592,8448,114],{},[15,8449,3116],{},[699,8451,8453],{"id":8452},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8455,8456,8457,114],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8458,3044],{},[699,8460,8462],{"id":8461},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8464,8465,8466,114],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8467,3116],{},[699,8469,8471],{"id":8470},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8473,8474,8475,456,8477,3179],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8476,3044],{},[15,8478,3116],{},[38,8480,1332],{"id":1331},[163,8482,8483,8488,8492,8497,8501,8506],{},[166,8484,8485],{},[221,8486,8487],{"href":5224},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[166,8489,8490],{},[221,8491,7556],{"href":7555},[166,8493,8494],{},[221,8495,8496],{"href":7666},"Python input() function explained",[166,8498,8499],{},[221,8500,7889],{"href":1738},[166,8502,8503],{},[221,8504,8505],{"href":8427},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[166,8507,8508],{},[221,8509,8510],{"href":6656},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1364,8512,8513],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":8515},[8516,8517,8518,8519,8520,8521,8527,8533,8534,8542,8543,8550],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":6593,"depth":103,"text":6594},{"id":6660,"depth":103,"text":6661},{"id":6779,"depth":103,"text":6780},{"id":6974,"depth":103,"text":6975},{"id":7206,"depth":103,"text":7207,"children":8522},[8523,8524,8525,8526],{"id":7216,"depth":124,"text":7217},{"id":7312,"depth":124,"text":7313},{"id":7397,"depth":124,"text":7398},{"id":7470,"depth":124,"text":7471},{"id":7559,"depth":103,"text":7560,"children":8528},[8529,8531],{"id":7572,"depth":124,"text":8530},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7612,"depth":124,"text":8532},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7729,"depth":103,"text":7730},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":8535},[8536,8538,8539,8540],{"id":7899,"depth":124,"text":8537},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7995,"depth":124,"text":7996},{"id":8119,"depth":124,"text":8120},{"id":8226,"depth":124,"text":8541},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8318,"depth":103,"text":8319},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":8544},[8545,8546,8547,8548,8549],{"id":8433,"depth":124,"text":8434},{"id":8444,"depth":124,"text":8445},{"id":8452,"depth":124,"text":8453},{"id":8461,"depth":124,"text":8462},{"id":8470,"depth":124,"text":8471},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6421,"description":8551},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8558,"title":8559,"body":8560,"description":10746,"extension":1401,"meta":10747,"navigation":127,"path":10748,"seo":10749,"stem":10750,"__hash__":10751},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8561,"toc":10708},[8562,8568,8574,8581,8586,8597,8604,8713,8717,8785,8790,8795,8800,8803,8814,8819,8822,8833,8840,8842,8847,8851,8876,8880,8889,8893,8956,8960,8993,8997,9042,9046,9083,9087,9090,9146,9150,9196,9199,9204,9243,9247,9270,9273,9287,9300,9304,9309,9376,9380,9416,9419,9427,9430,9494,9498,9530,9536,9538,9598,9605,9608,9686,9690,9723,9727,9730,9774,9778,9814,9817,9834,9837,9840,9893,9896,9907,9913,9922,9925,9982,9986,10027,10034,10042,10047,10055,10067,10072,10083,10156,10159,10171,10186,10190,10195,10199,10201,10244,10250,10253,10316,10320,10323,10332,10337,10374,10378,10381,10389,10392,10431,10435,10438,10489,10493,10514,10520,10522,10528,10554,10557,10611,10614,10625,10627,10634,10642,10648,10653,10660,10663,10670,10677,10679,10705],[10,8563,3015,8565,3019],{"id":8564},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8566,8567],{},"dict()",[20,8569,8570,8571,8573],{},"The built-in ",[15,8572,8567],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8575,8576,8577,8580],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,8578,8579],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8582,8583,8585],{},[15,8584,8567],{}," is commonly used to:",[163,8587,8588,8591,8594],{},[166,8589,8590],{},"create an empty dictionary",[166,8592,8593],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[166,8595,8596],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8598,8599,8600,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[221,8601,8603],{"href":8602},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[43,8605,8607],{"className":45,"code":8606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8608,8609,8644,8655,8659,8698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8610,8611,8614,8616,8619,8621,8624,8626,8628,8630,8632,8634,8637,8639,8642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8612,8613],{"class":58},"data ",[52,8615,63],{"class":62},[52,8617,8618],{"class":600}," dict",[52,8620,138],{"class":66},[52,8622,7115],{"class":8623},"s99_P",[52,8625,63],{"class":62},[52,8627,608],{"class":70},[52,8629,4447],{"class":74},[52,8631,608],{"class":70},[52,8633,80],{"class":66},[52,8635,8636],{"class":8623}," age",[52,8638,63],{"class":62},[52,8640,8641],{"class":947},"25",[52,8643,144],{"class":66},[52,8645,8646,8648,8650,8653],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8647,135],{"class":134},[52,8649,138],{"class":66},[52,8651,8652],{"class":117},"data",[52,8654,144],{"class":66},[52,8656,8657],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,8658,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,8660,8661,8664,8666,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677,8679,8682,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,8662,8663],{"class":58},"pairs ",[52,8665,63],{"class":62},[52,8667,8668],{"class":66}," [(",[52,8670,608],{"class":70},[52,8672,221],{"class":74},[52,8674,608],{"class":70},[52,8676,80],{"class":66},[52,8678,4944],{"class":947},[52,8680,8681],{"class":66},"),",[52,8683,8684],{"class":66}," (",[52,8686,608],{"class":70},[52,8688,4204],{"class":74},[52,8690,608],{"class":70},[52,8692,80],{"class":66},[52,8694,953],{"class":947},[52,8696,8697],{"class":66},")]\n",[52,8699,8700,8702,8704,8706,8708,8711],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,8701,135],{"class":134},[52,8703,138],{"class":66},[52,8705,8268],{"class":600},[52,8707,138],{"class":66},[52,8709,8710],{"class":117},"pairs",[52,8712,1222],{"class":66},[20,8714,8715],{},[30,8716,1509],{},[43,8718,8720],{"className":45,"code":8719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8721,8722,8757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8723,8724,8727,8729,8731,8733,8735,8737,8739,8741,8743,8745,8748,8750,8752,8755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8725,8726],{"class":66},"{",[52,8728,608],{"class":70},[52,8730,7115],{"class":74},[52,8732,608],{"class":70},[52,8734,202],{"class":66},[52,8736,617],{"class":70},[52,8738,4447],{"class":74},[52,8740,608],{"class":70},[52,8742,80],{"class":66},[52,8744,617],{"class":70},[52,8746,8747],{"class":74},"age",[52,8749,608],{"class":70},[52,8751,202],{"class":66},[52,8753,8754],{"class":947}," 25",[52,8756,100],{"class":66},[52,8758,8759,8761,8763,8765,8767,8769,8771,8773,8775,8777,8779,8781,8783],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8760,8726],{"class":66},[52,8762,608],{"class":70},[52,8764,221],{"class":74},[52,8766,608],{"class":70},[52,8768,202],{"class":66},[52,8770,4944],{"class":947},[52,8772,80],{"class":66},[52,8774,617],{"class":70},[52,8776,4204],{"class":74},[52,8778,608],{"class":70},[52,8780,202],{"class":66},[52,8782,953],{"class":947},[52,8784,100],{"class":66},[20,8786,799,8787,8789],{},[15,8788,8567],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[38,8791,194,8793,197],{"id":8792},"what-dict-does",[15,8794,8567],{},[20,8796,8797,8799],{},[15,8798,8567],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8801,8802],{},"A dictionary:",[163,8804,8805,8808,8811],{},[166,8806,8807],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[166,8809,8810],{},"lets you look up values by key",[166,8812,8813],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8815,8816,8818],{},[15,8817,8567],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8820,8821],{},"Common uses include:",[163,8823,8824,8827,8830],{},[166,8825,8826],{},"making an empty dictionary",[166,8828,8829],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[166,8831,8832],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8834,8835,8836,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[221,8837,8839],{"href":8838},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[38,8841,228],{"id":227},[20,8843,8844,8846],{},[15,8845,8567],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[699,8848,8850],{"id":8849},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[43,8852,8854],{"className":45,"code":8853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8855,8856,8866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8857,8858,8860,8862,8864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8859,8613],{"class":58},[52,8861,63],{"class":62},[52,8863,8618],{"class":600},[52,8865,121],{"class":66},[52,8867,8868,8870,8872,8874],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8869,135],{"class":134},[52,8871,138],{"class":66},[52,8873,8652],{"class":117},[52,8875,144],{"class":66},[20,8877,8878],{},[30,8879,1509],{},[43,8881,8883],{"className":45,"code":8882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n",[15,8884,8885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8886,8887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8888,8882],{"class":66},[699,8890,8892],{"id":8891},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[43,8894,8896],{"className":45,"code":8895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8897,8898,8932,8946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8899,8900,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8912,8914,8916,8918,8920,8922,8924,8926,8928,8930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8901,8663],{"class":58},[52,8903,63],{"class":62},[52,8905,8668],{"class":66},[52,8907,608],{"class":70},[52,8909,221],{"class":74},[52,8911,608],{"class":70},[52,8913,80],{"class":66},[52,8915,4944],{"class":947},[52,8917,8681],{"class":66},[52,8919,8684],{"class":66},[52,8921,608],{"class":70},[52,8923,4204],{"class":74},[52,8925,608],{"class":70},[52,8927,80],{"class":66},[52,8929,953],{"class":947},[52,8931,8697],{"class":66},[52,8933,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,8935,8613],{"class":58},[52,8937,63],{"class":62},[52,8939,8618],{"class":600},[52,8941,138],{"class":66},[52,8943,8710],{"class":117},[52,8945,144],{"class":66},[52,8947,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,8949,135],{"class":134},[52,8951,138],{"class":66},[52,8953,8652],{"class":117},[52,8955,144],{"class":66},[20,8957,8958],{},[30,8959,1509],{},[43,8961,8963],{"className":45,"code":8962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8964,8965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8966,8967,8969,8971,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987,8989,8991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8968,8726],{"class":66},[52,8970,608],{"class":70},[52,8972,221],{"class":74},[52,8974,608],{"class":70},[52,8976,202],{"class":66},[52,8978,4944],{"class":947},[52,8980,80],{"class":66},[52,8982,617],{"class":70},[52,8984,4204],{"class":74},[52,8986,608],{"class":70},[52,8988,202],{"class":66},[52,8990,953],{"class":947},[52,8992,100],{"class":66},[699,8994,8996],{"id":8995},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[43,8998,9000],{"className":45,"code":8999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9001,9002,9032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9003,9004,9006,9008,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024,9026,9028,9030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9005,8613],{"class":58},[52,9007,63],{"class":62},[52,9009,8618],{"class":600},[52,9011,138],{"class":66},[52,9013,7115],{"class":8623},[52,9015,63],{"class":62},[52,9017,608],{"class":70},[52,9019,4447],{"class":74},[52,9021,608],{"class":70},[52,9023,80],{"class":66},[52,9025,8636],{"class":8623},[52,9027,63],{"class":62},[52,9029,8641],{"class":947},[52,9031,144],{"class":66},[52,9033,9034,9036,9038,9040],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9035,135],{"class":134},[52,9037,138],{"class":66},[52,9039,8652],{"class":117},[52,9041,144],{"class":66},[20,9043,9044],{},[30,9045,1509],{},[43,9047,9049],{"className":45,"code":9048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9050,9051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9052,9053,9055,9057,9059,9061,9063,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9054,8726],{"class":66},[52,9056,608],{"class":70},[52,9058,7115],{"class":74},[52,9060,608],{"class":70},[52,9062,202],{"class":66},[52,9064,617],{"class":70},[52,9066,4447],{"class":74},[52,9068,608],{"class":70},[52,9070,80],{"class":66},[52,9072,617],{"class":70},[52,9074,8747],{"class":74},[52,9076,608],{"class":70},[52,9078,202],{"class":66},[52,9080,8754],{"class":947},[52,9082,100],{"class":66},[699,9084,9086],{"id":9085},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9088,9089],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[43,9091,9093],{"className":45,"code":9092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9094,9095,9136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9096,9097,9099,9101,9103,9106,9108,9110,9112,9114,9116,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9130,9132,9134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9098,8613],{"class":58},[52,9100,63],{"class":62},[52,9102,8618],{"class":600},[52,9104,9105],{"class":66},"([(",[52,9107,608],{"class":70},[52,9109,221],{"class":74},[52,9111,608],{"class":70},[52,9113,80],{"class":66},[52,9115,4944],{"class":947},[52,9117,9118],{"class":66},")],",[52,9120,1998],{"class":8623},[52,9122,63],{"class":62},[52,9124,1047],{"class":947},[52,9126,80],{"class":66},[52,9128,9129],{"class":8623}," c",[52,9131,63],{"class":62},[52,9133,1500],{"class":947},[52,9135,144],{"class":66},[52,9137,9138,9140,9142,9144],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9139,135],{"class":134},[52,9141,138],{"class":66},[52,9143,8652],{"class":117},[52,9145,144],{"class":66},[20,9147,9148],{},[30,9149,1509],{},[43,9151,9153],{"className":45,"code":9152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9154,9155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9156,9157,9159,9161,9163,9165,9167,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9188,9190,9192,9194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9158,8726],{"class":66},[52,9160,608],{"class":70},[52,9162,221],{"class":74},[52,9164,608],{"class":70},[52,9166,202],{"class":66},[52,9168,4944],{"class":947},[52,9170,80],{"class":66},[52,9172,617],{"class":70},[52,9174,4204],{"class":74},[52,9176,608],{"class":70},[52,9178,202],{"class":66},[52,9180,953],{"class":947},[52,9182,80],{"class":66},[52,9184,617],{"class":70},[52,9186,9187],{"class":74},"c",[52,9189,608],{"class":70},[52,9191,202],{"class":66},[52,9193,958],{"class":947},[52,9195,100],{"class":66},[38,9197,8850],{"id":9198},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9200,799,9201,9203],{},[15,9202,8567],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[43,9205,9207],{"className":45,"code":9206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9208,9209,9219,9233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9210,9211,9213,9215,9217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9212,8613],{"class":58},[52,9214,63],{"class":62},[52,9216,8618],{"class":600},[52,9218,121],{"class":66},[52,9220,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9222,135],{"class":134},[52,9224,138],{"class":66},[52,9226,1231],{"class":600},[52,9228,138],{"class":66},[52,9230,8652],{"class":117},[52,9232,1222],{"class":66},[52,9234,9235,9237,9239,9241],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,9236,135],{"class":134},[52,9238,138],{"class":66},[52,9240,8652],{"class":117},[52,9242,144],{"class":66},[20,9244,9245],{},[30,9246,1509],{},[43,9248,9250],{"className":45,"code":9249,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9251,9252,9266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9253,9254,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9255,2729],{"class":62},[52,9257,2732],{"class":1503},[52,9259,617],{"class":70},[52,9261,8268],{"class":74},[52,9263,608],{"class":70},[52,9265,2741],{"class":62},[52,9267,9268],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9269,8882],{"class":66},[20,9271,9272],{},"This gives the same result as:",[43,9274,9276],{"className":45,"code":9275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n",[15,9277,9278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9279,9280,9282,9284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9281,8613],{"class":58},[52,9283,63],{"class":62},[52,9285,9286],{"class":66}," {}\n",[20,9288,9289,9290,9292,9293,9296,9297,9299],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9291,3234],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9294,9295],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9298,8567],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[38,9301,9303],{"id":9302},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9305,9306,9307,114],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9308,8567],{},[43,9310,9312],{"className":45,"code":9311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9313,9314,9352,9366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9315,9316,9318,9320,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9317,8663],{"class":58},[52,9319,63],{"class":62},[52,9321,8668],{"class":66},[52,9323,608],{"class":70},[52,9325,7115],{"class":74},[52,9327,608],{"class":70},[52,9329,80],{"class":66},[52,9331,617],{"class":70},[52,9333,4447],{"class":74},[52,9335,608],{"class":70},[52,9337,8681],{"class":66},[52,9339,8684],{"class":66},[52,9341,608],{"class":70},[52,9343,8747],{"class":74},[52,9345,608],{"class":70},[52,9347,80],{"class":66},[52,9349,8754],{"class":947},[52,9351,8697],{"class":66},[52,9353,9354,9356,9358,9360,9362,9364],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9355,8613],{"class":58},[52,9357,63],{"class":62},[52,9359,8618],{"class":600},[52,9361,138],{"class":66},[52,9363,8710],{"class":117},[52,9365,144],{"class":66},[52,9367,9368,9370,9372,9374],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,9369,135],{"class":134},[52,9371,138],{"class":66},[52,9373,8652],{"class":117},[52,9375,144],{"class":66},[20,9377,9378],{},[30,9379,1509],{},[43,9381,9382],{"className":45,"code":9048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,9383,9384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9385,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396,9398,9400,9402,9404,9406,9408,9410,9412,9414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9387,8726],{"class":66},[52,9389,608],{"class":70},[52,9391,7115],{"class":74},[52,9393,608],{"class":70},[52,9395,202],{"class":66},[52,9397,617],{"class":70},[52,9399,4447],{"class":74},[52,9401,608],{"class":70},[52,9403,80],{"class":66},[52,9405,617],{"class":70},[52,9407,8747],{"class":74},[52,9409,608],{"class":70},[52,9411,202],{"class":66},[52,9413,8754],{"class":947},[52,9415,100],{"class":66},[20,9417,9418],{},"Each pair becomes:",[163,9420,9421,9424],{},[166,9422,9423],{},"the first item as the key",[166,9425,9426],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9428,9429],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[43,9431,9433],{"className":45,"code":9432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9434,9435,9470,9484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9436,9437,9439,9441,9444,9446,9448,9450,9452,9454,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466,9468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9438,8663],{"class":58},[52,9440,63],{"class":62},[52,9442,9443],{"class":66}," ((",[52,9445,608],{"class":70},[52,9447,221],{"class":74},[52,9449,608],{"class":70},[52,9451,80],{"class":66},[52,9453,4944],{"class":947},[52,9455,8681],{"class":66},[52,9457,8684],{"class":66},[52,9459,608],{"class":70},[52,9461,4204],{"class":74},[52,9463,608],{"class":70},[52,9465,80],{"class":66},[52,9467,953],{"class":947},[52,9469,1222],{"class":66},[52,9471,9472,9474,9476,9478,9480,9482],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9473,8613],{"class":58},[52,9475,63],{"class":62},[52,9477,8618],{"class":600},[52,9479,138],{"class":66},[52,9481,8710],{"class":117},[52,9483,144],{"class":66},[52,9485,9486,9488,9490,9492],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,9487,135],{"class":134},[52,9489,138],{"class":66},[52,9491,8652],{"class":117},[52,9493,144],{"class":66},[20,9495,9496],{},[30,9497,1509],{},[43,9499,9500],{"className":45,"code":8962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,9501,9502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9503,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514,9516,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9505,8726],{"class":66},[52,9507,608],{"class":70},[52,9509,221],{"class":74},[52,9511,608],{"class":70},[52,9513,202],{"class":66},[52,9515,4944],{"class":947},[52,9517,80],{"class":66},[52,9519,617],{"class":70},[52,9521,4204],{"class":74},[52,9523,608],{"class":70},[52,9525,202],{"class":66},[52,9527,953],{"class":947},[52,9529,100],{"class":66},[20,9531,9532,9533,114],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,9534,9535],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9537,2275],{},[43,9539,9541],{"className":45,"code":9540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9542,9543,9583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9544,9545,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579,9581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9546,9547],{"class":58},"bad_data ",[52,9549,63],{"class":62},[52,9551,8668],{"class":66},[52,9553,608],{"class":70},[52,9555,221],{"class":74},[52,9557,608],{"class":70},[52,9559,80],{"class":66},[52,9561,4944],{"class":947},[52,9563,80],{"class":66},[52,9565,9566],{"class":947}," 100",[52,9568,8681],{"class":66},[52,9570,8684],{"class":66},[52,9572,608],{"class":70},[52,9574,4204],{"class":74},[52,9576,608],{"class":70},[52,9578,80],{"class":66},[52,9580,953],{"class":947},[52,9582,8697],{"class":66},[52,9584,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593,9596],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9586,1668],{"class":58},[52,9588,63],{"class":62},[52,9590,8618],{"class":600},[52,9592,138],{"class":66},[52,9594,9595],{"class":117},"bad_data",[52,9597,144],{"class":66},[20,9599,9600,9601,9604],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9602,9603],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9606,9607],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[43,9609,9611],{"className":45,"code":9610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9612,9613,9662,9676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9614,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631,9633,9635,9637,9639,9641,9643,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9616,8663],{"class":58},[52,9618,63],{"class":62},[52,9620,8668],{"class":66},[52,9622,608],{"class":70},[52,9624,221],{"class":74},[52,9626,608],{"class":70},[52,9628,80],{"class":66},[52,9630,4944],{"class":947},[52,9632,8681],{"class":66},[52,9634,8684],{"class":66},[52,9636,608],{"class":70},[52,9638,221],{"class":74},[52,9640,608],{"class":70},[52,9642,80],{"class":66},[52,9644,9645],{"class":947}," 99",[52,9647,8681],{"class":66},[52,9649,8684],{"class":66},[52,9651,608],{"class":70},[52,9653,4204],{"class":74},[52,9655,608],{"class":70},[52,9657,80],{"class":66},[52,9659,953],{"class":947},[52,9661,8697],{"class":66},[52,9663,9664,9666,9668,9670,9672,9674],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9665,8613],{"class":58},[52,9667,63],{"class":62},[52,9669,8618],{"class":600},[52,9671,138],{"class":66},[52,9673,8710],{"class":117},[52,9675,144],{"class":66},[52,9677,9678,9680,9682,9684],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,9679,135],{"class":134},[52,9681,138],{"class":66},[52,9683,8652],{"class":117},[52,9685,144],{"class":66},[20,9687,9688],{},[30,9689,1509],{},[43,9691,9693],{"className":45,"code":9692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9694,9695],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9696,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9698,8726],{"class":66},[52,9700,608],{"class":70},[52,9702,221],{"class":74},[52,9704,608],{"class":70},[52,9706,202],{"class":66},[52,9708,9645],{"class":947},[52,9710,80],{"class":66},[52,9712,617],{"class":70},[52,9714,4204],{"class":74},[52,9716,608],{"class":70},[52,9718,202],{"class":66},[52,9720,953],{"class":947},[52,9722,100],{"class":66},[38,9724,9726],{"id":9725},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9728,9729],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[43,9731,9732],{"className":45,"code":8999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,9733,9734,9764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9735,9736,9738,9740,9742,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9737,8613],{"class":58},[52,9739,63],{"class":62},[52,9741,8618],{"class":600},[52,9743,138],{"class":66},[52,9745,7115],{"class":8623},[52,9747,63],{"class":62},[52,9749,608],{"class":70},[52,9751,4447],{"class":74},[52,9753,608],{"class":70},[52,9755,80],{"class":66},[52,9757,8636],{"class":8623},[52,9759,63],{"class":62},[52,9761,8641],{"class":947},[52,9763,144],{"class":66},[52,9765,9766,9768,9770,9772],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9767,135],{"class":134},[52,9769,138],{"class":66},[52,9771,8652],{"class":117},[52,9773,144],{"class":66},[20,9775,9776],{},[30,9777,1509],{},[43,9779,9780],{"className":45,"code":9048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,9781,9782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9783,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9794,9796,9798,9800,9802,9804,9806,9808,9810,9812],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9785,8726],{"class":66},[52,9787,608],{"class":70},[52,9789,7115],{"class":74},[52,9791,608],{"class":70},[52,9793,202],{"class":66},[52,9795,617],{"class":70},[52,9797,4447],{"class":74},[52,9799,608],{"class":70},[52,9801,80],{"class":66},[52,9803,617],{"class":70},[52,9805,8747],{"class":74},[52,9807,608],{"class":70},[52,9809,202],{"class":66},[52,9811,8754],{"class":947},[52,9813,100],{"class":66},[20,9815,9816],{},"In this form:",[163,9818,9819,9827],{},[166,9820,9821,9823,9824],{},[15,9822,7115],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9825,9826],{},"'name'",[166,9828,9829,9823,9831],{},[15,9830,8747],{},[15,9832,9833],{},"'age'",[20,9835,9836],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9838,9839],{},"Valid examples:",[43,9841,9843],{"className":45,"code":9842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9844,9845,9883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9846,9847,9849,9851,9853,9855,9858,9860,9862,9865,9867,9869,9872,9874,9876,9879,9881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9848,8613],{"class":58},[52,9850,63],{"class":62},[52,9852,8618],{"class":600},[52,9854,138],{"class":66},[52,9856,9857],{"class":8623},"city",[52,9859,63],{"class":62},[52,9861,608],{"class":70},[52,9863,9864],{"class":74},"Paris",[52,9866,608],{"class":70},[52,9868,80],{"class":66},[52,9870,9871],{"class":8623}," country",[52,9873,63],{"class":62},[52,9875,608],{"class":70},[52,9877,9878],{"class":74},"France",[52,9880,608],{"class":70},[52,9882,144],{"class":66},[52,9884,9885,9887,9889,9891],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9886,135],{"class":134},[52,9888,138],{"class":66},[52,9890,8652],{"class":117},[52,9892,144],{"class":66},[20,9894,9895],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[163,9897,9898,9901,9904],{},[166,9899,9900],{},"spaces",[166,9902,9903],{},"hyphens",[166,9905,9906],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9908,380,9909,9912],{},[30,9910,9911],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[43,9914,9916],{"className":45,"code":9915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,9917,9918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9919,9920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9921,9915],{"class":3105},[20,9923,9924],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[43,9926,9928],{"className":45,"code":9927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,9929,9930,9972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9931,9932,9934,9936,9938,9940,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9933,8613],{"class":58},[52,9935,63],{"class":62},[52,9937,67],{"class":66},[52,9939,608],{"class":70},[52,9941,9942],{"class":74},"first-name",[52,9944,608],{"class":70},[52,9946,202],{"class":66},[52,9948,617],{"class":70},[52,9950,7124],{"class":74},[52,9952,608],{"class":70},[52,9954,80],{"class":66},[52,9956,617],{"class":70},[52,9958,9959],{"class":74},"first name",[52,9961,608],{"class":70},[52,9963,202],{"class":66},[52,9965,617],{"class":70},[52,9967,7124],{"class":74},[52,9969,608],{"class":70},[52,9971,100],{"class":66},[52,9973,9974,9976,9978,9980],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,9975,135],{"class":134},[52,9977,138],{"class":66},[52,9979,8652],{"class":117},[52,9981,144],{"class":66},[20,9983,9984],{},[30,9985,1509],{},[43,9987,9989],{"className":45,"code":9988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,9990,9991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9992,9993,9995,9997,9999,10001,10003,10005,10007,10009,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10021,10023,10025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9994,8726],{"class":66},[52,9996,608],{"class":70},[52,9998,9942],{"class":74},[52,10000,608],{"class":70},[52,10002,202],{"class":66},[52,10004,617],{"class":70},[52,10006,7124],{"class":74},[52,10008,608],{"class":70},[52,10010,80],{"class":66},[52,10012,617],{"class":70},[52,10014,9959],{"class":74},[52,10016,608],{"class":70},[52,10018,202],{"class":66},[52,10020,617],{"class":70},[52,10022,7124],{"class":74},[52,10024,608],{"class":70},[52,10026,100],{"class":66},[38,10028,10030,897,10032],{"id":10029},"dict-vs",[15,10031,8567],{},[15,10033,3234],{},[20,10035,10036,10037,803,10039,10041],{},"Both ",[15,10038,8567],{},[15,10040,3234],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[699,10043,799,10045,916],{"id":10044},"use-when",[15,10046,3234],{},[163,10048,10049,10052],{},[166,10050,10051],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[166,10053,10054],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[43,10056,10057],{"className":45,"code":9275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10058,10059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10060,10061,10063,10065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10062,8613],{"class":58},[52,10064,63],{"class":62},[52,10066,9286],{"class":66},[699,10068,799,10070,916],{"id":10069},"use-dict-when",[15,10071,8567],{},[163,10073,10074,10077,10080],{},[166,10075,10076],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[166,10078,10079],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[166,10081,10082],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[43,10084,10086],{"className":45,"code":10085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10087,10088,10125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10089,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120,10122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10091,8613],{"class":58},[52,10093,63],{"class":62},[52,10095,8618],{"class":600},[52,10097,9105],{"class":66},[52,10099,608],{"class":70},[52,10101,221],{"class":74},[52,10103,608],{"class":70},[52,10105,80],{"class":66},[52,10107,4944],{"class":947},[52,10109,8681],{"class":66},[52,10111,8684],{"class":66},[52,10113,608],{"class":70},[52,10115,4204],{"class":74},[52,10117,608],{"class":70},[52,10119,80],{"class":66},[52,10121,953],{"class":947},[52,10123,10124],{"class":66},")])\n",[52,10126,10127,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10128,10129],{"class":58},"info ",[52,10131,63],{"class":62},[52,10133,8618],{"class":600},[52,10135,138],{"class":66},[52,10137,7115],{"class":8623},[52,10139,63],{"class":62},[52,10141,608],{"class":70},[52,10143,4447],{"class":74},[52,10145,608],{"class":70},[52,10147,80],{"class":66},[52,10149,8636],{"class":8623},[52,10151,63],{"class":62},[52,10153,8641],{"class":947},[52,10155,144],{"class":66},[20,10157,10158],{},"So:",[163,10160,10161,10166],{},[166,10162,10163,10165],{},[15,10164,3234],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[166,10167,10168,10170],{},[15,10169,8567],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10172,10173,10174,10178,10179,114],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[221,10175,10177],{"href":10176},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[221,10180,10182,10183,1070],{"href":10181},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10184,10185],{},"get()",[38,10187,10189],{"id":10188},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10191,10192,10193,114],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10194,8567],{},[699,10196,10198],{"id":10197},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10200,3968],{},[43,10202,10204],{"className":45,"code":10203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10205,10206,10230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10207,10208,10210,10212,10214,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226,10228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10209,59],{"class":58},[52,10211,63],{"class":62},[52,10213,3063],{"class":66},[52,10215,608],{"class":70},[52,10217,221],{"class":74},[52,10219,608],{"class":70},[52,10221,80],{"class":66},[52,10223,617],{"class":70},[52,10225,4204],{"class":74},[52,10227,608],{"class":70},[52,10229,3076],{"class":66},[52,10231,10232,10234,10236,10238,10240,10242],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10233,8613],{"class":58},[52,10235,63],{"class":62},[52,10237,8618],{"class":600},[52,10239,138],{"class":66},[52,10241,154],{"class":117},[52,10243,144],{"class":66},[20,10245,10246,10247,114],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10248,10249],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10251,10252],{},"Correct version:",[43,10254,10256],{"className":45,"code":10255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10257,10258,10292,10306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10259,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10261,59],{"class":58},[52,10263,63],{"class":62},[52,10265,8668],{"class":66},[52,10267,608],{"class":70},[52,10269,221],{"class":74},[52,10271,608],{"class":70},[52,10273,80],{"class":66},[52,10275,4944],{"class":947},[52,10277,8681],{"class":66},[52,10279,8684],{"class":66},[52,10281,608],{"class":70},[52,10283,4204],{"class":74},[52,10285,608],{"class":70},[52,10287,80],{"class":66},[52,10289,953],{"class":947},[52,10291,8697],{"class":66},[52,10293,10294,10296,10298,10300,10302,10304],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10295,8613],{"class":58},[52,10297,63],{"class":62},[52,10299,8618],{"class":600},[52,10301,138],{"class":66},[52,10303,154],{"class":117},[52,10305,144],{"class":66},[52,10307,10308,10310,10312,10314],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,10309,135],{"class":134},[52,10311,138],{"class":66},[52,10313,8652],{"class":117},[52,10315,144],{"class":66},[699,10317,10319],{"id":10318},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10321,10322],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[43,10324,10326],{"className":45,"code":10325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10327,10328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10329,10330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10331,10325],{"class":3105},[20,10333,10334,10335,202],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10336,63],{},[43,10338,10340],{"className":45,"code":10339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10341,10342,10364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10343,10344,10346,10348,10350,10352,10354,10356,10358,10360,10362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10345,8613],{"class":58},[52,10347,63],{"class":62},[52,10349,8618],{"class":600},[52,10351,138],{"class":66},[52,10353,7115],{"class":8623},[52,10355,63],{"class":62},[52,10357,608],{"class":70},[52,10359,4447],{"class":74},[52,10361,608],{"class":70},[52,10363,144],{"class":66},[52,10365,10366,10368,10370,10372],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10367,135],{"class":134},[52,10369,138],{"class":66},[52,10371,8652],{"class":117},[52,10373,144],{"class":66},[699,10375,10377],{"id":10376},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10379,10380],{},"This will not work:",[43,10382,10383],{"className":45,"code":9915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10384,10385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10386,10387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10388,9915],{"class":3105},[20,10390,10391],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[43,10393,10395],{"className":45,"code":10394,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10396,10397,10421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10398,10399,10401,10403,10405,10407,10409,10411,10413,10415,10417,10419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10400,8613],{"class":58},[52,10402,63],{"class":62},[52,10404,67],{"class":66},[52,10406,608],{"class":70},[52,10408,9942],{"class":74},[52,10410,608],{"class":70},[52,10412,202],{"class":66},[52,10414,617],{"class":70},[52,10416,7124],{"class":74},[52,10418,608],{"class":70},[52,10420,100],{"class":66},[52,10422,10423,10425,10427,10429],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10424,135],{"class":134},[52,10426,138],{"class":66},[52,10428,8652],{"class":117},[52,10430,144],{"class":66},[699,10432,10434],{"id":10433},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10436,10437],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[43,10439,10441],{"className":45,"code":10440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10442,10443,10479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10444,10445,10447,10449,10451,10453,10455,10457,10459,10461,10463,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10446,8613],{"class":58},[52,10448,63],{"class":62},[52,10450,8618],{"class":600},[52,10452,9105],{"class":66},[52,10454,608],{"class":70},[52,10456,1611],{"class":74},[52,10458,608],{"class":70},[52,10460,80],{"class":66},[52,10462,4944],{"class":947},[52,10464,8681],{"class":66},[52,10466,8684],{"class":66},[52,10468,608],{"class":70},[52,10470,1611],{"class":74},[52,10472,608],{"class":70},[52,10474,80],{"class":66},[52,10476,953],{"class":947},[52,10478,10124],{"class":66},[52,10480,10481,10483,10485,10487],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10482,135],{"class":134},[52,10484,138],{"class":66},[52,10486,8652],{"class":117},[52,10488,144],{"class":66},[20,10490,10491],{},[30,10492,1509],{},[43,10494,10496],{"className":45,"code":10495,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10497,10498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10499,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10501,8726],{"class":66},[52,10503,608],{"class":70},[52,10505,1611],{"class":74},[52,10507,608],{"class":70},[52,10509,202],{"class":66},[52,10511,953],{"class":947},[52,10513,100],{"class":66},[20,10515,10516,10517,114],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[221,10518,10519],{"href":695},"KeyError in Python",[38,10521,1158],{"id":1157},[20,10523,10524,10525,10527],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10526,8567],{}," include:",[163,10529,10530,10539,10545,10548],{},[166,10531,10532,10533,1326,10536],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10534,10535],{},"['a', 'b']",[15,10537,10538],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[166,10540,10541,10542],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10543,10544],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[166,10546,10547],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[166,10549,10550,10551,10553],{},"confusing ",[15,10552,8567],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10555,10556],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,10558,10560],{"className":45,"code":10559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10561,10562,10576,10586,10597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10563,10564,10566,10568,10570,10572,10574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10565,135],{"class":134},[52,10567,138],{"class":66},[52,10569,1231],{"class":600},[52,10571,138],{"class":66},[52,10573,8652],{"class":117},[52,10575,1222],{"class":66},[52,10577,10578,10580,10582,10584],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10579,135],{"class":134},[52,10581,138],{"class":66},[52,10583,8652],{"class":117},[52,10585,144],{"class":66},[52,10587,10588,10590,10592,10595],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,10589,135],{"class":134},[52,10591,138],{"class":66},[52,10593,10594],{"class":117},"list_of_pairs",[52,10596,144],{"class":66},[52,10598,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,10600,135],{"class":134},[52,10602,138],{"class":66},[52,10604,1215],{"class":134},[52,10606,138],{"class":66},[52,10608,10594],{"class":117},[52,10610,1222],{"class":66},[20,10612,10613],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[163,10615,10616,10619,10622],{},[166,10617,10618],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[166,10620,10621],{},"what data is being passed in",[166,10623,10624],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[38,10626,1273],{"id":1272},[699,10628,4624,10630,803,10632,1293],{"id":10629},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10631,8567],{},[15,10633,3234],{},[20,10635,10636,10638,10639,10641],{},[15,10637,3234],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10640,8567],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[699,10643,4614,10645,10647],{"id":10644},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10646,8567],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10649,10650,10651,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10652,10538],{},[699,10654,4602,10656,10659],{"id":10655},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10657,10658],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10661,10662],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[699,10664,10666,10667,10669],{"id":10665},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10668,8567],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10671,10672,10673,10676],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10674,10675],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[38,10678,1332],{"id":1331},[163,10680,10681,10686,10690,10695,10701],{},[166,10682,10683],{},[221,10684,10685],{"href":8838},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[166,10687,10688],{},[221,10689,8603],{"href":8602},[166,10691,10692],{},[221,10693,10694],{"href":10176},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[166,10696,10697],{},[221,10698,10182,10699,1070],{"href":10181},[15,10700,10185],{},[166,10702,10703],{},[221,10704,1356],{"href":695},[1364,10706,10707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":10709},[10710,10712,10718,10719,10720,10721,10728,10734,10735,10745],{"id":8792,"depth":103,"text":10711},"What dict() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":10713},[10714,10715,10716,10717],{"id":8849,"depth":124,"text":8850},{"id":8891,"depth":124,"text":8892},{"id":8995,"depth":124,"text":8996},{"id":9085,"depth":124,"text":9086},{"id":9198,"depth":103,"text":8850},{"id":9302,"depth":103,"text":9303},{"id":9725,"depth":103,"text":9726},{"id":10029,"depth":103,"text":10722,"children":10723},"dict() vs {}",[10724,10726],{"id":10044,"depth":124,"text":10725},"Use {} when:",{"id":10069,"depth":124,"text":10727},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10188,"depth":103,"text":10189,"children":10729},[10730,10731,10732,10733],{"id":10197,"depth":124,"text":10198},{"id":10318,"depth":124,"text":10319},{"id":10376,"depth":124,"text":10377},{"id":10433,"depth":124,"text":10434},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":10736},[10737,10739,10741,10743],{"id":10629,"depth":124,"text":10738},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10644,"depth":124,"text":10740},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10655,"depth":124,"text":10742},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10665,"depth":124,"text":10744},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8559,"description":10746},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10753,"title":10754,"body":10755,"description":12264,"extension":1401,"meta":12265,"navigation":127,"path":12266,"seo":12267,"stem":12268,"__hash__":12269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10756,"toc":12233},[10757,10764,10770,10777,10779,10840,10845,10850,10855,10873,10876,10880,10882,10898,10901,10914,10918,10921,11055,11057,11124,11127,11143,11149,11155,11158,11240,11242,11256,11260,11266,11331,11333,11341,11344,11367,11373,11436,11442,11445,11459,11472,11476,11487,11492,11503,11510,11514,11520,11642,11644,11670,11673,11690,11693,11804,11806,11855,11857,11870,11879,11884,11889,11900,11902,12005,12028,12030,12034,12053,12056,12114,12117,12143,12145,12151,12154,12160,12164,12171,12179,12185,12188,12190,12230],[10,10758,10760,10761,18],{"id":10759},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10762,10763],{},"clear()",[20,10765,10766,10769],{},[15,10767,10768],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10771,10772,10773,10776],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,10774,10775],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[38,10778,41],{"id":40},[43,10780,10782],{"className":45,"code":10781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10783,10784,10816,10827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10785,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796,10798,10800,10802,10804,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10787,8613],{"class":58},[52,10789,63],{"class":62},[52,10791,67],{"class":66},[52,10793,71],{"class":70},[52,10795,221],{"class":74},[52,10797,71],{"class":70},[52,10799,202],{"class":66},[52,10801,4944],{"class":947},[52,10803,80],{"class":66},[52,10805,83],{"class":70},[52,10807,4204],{"class":74},[52,10809,71],{"class":70},[52,10811,202],{"class":66},[52,10813,953],{"class":947},[52,10815,100],{"class":66},[52,10817,10818,10820,10822,10825],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10819,8652],{"class":58},[52,10821,114],{"class":66},[52,10823,10824],{"class":117},"clear",[52,10826,121],{"class":66},[52,10828,10829,10831,10833,10835,10837],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,10830,135],{"class":134},[52,10832,138],{"class":66},[52,10834,8652],{"class":117},[52,10836,3102],{"class":66},[52,10838,10839],{"class":3105},"  # {}\n",[20,10841,10842,10844],{},[15,10843,10763],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[38,10846,194,10848,197],{"id":10847},"what-clear-does",[15,10849,10763],{},[20,10851,1418,10852,10854],{},[15,10853,10763],{}," method:",[163,10856,10857,10860,10863,10868],{},[166,10858,10859],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[166,10861,10862],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[166,10864,10865,10866],{},"Returns ",[15,10867,3220],{},[166,10869,10870,10871],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10872,3234],{},[20,10874,10875],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10877,8599,10878,114],{},[221,10879,8603],{"href":8602},[38,10881,228],{"id":227},[43,10883,10885],{"className":45,"code":10884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10886,10887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10888,10889,10892,10894,10896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10890,10891],{"class":58},"my_dict",[52,10893,114],{"class":66},[52,10895,10824],{"class":117},[52,10897,121],{"class":66},[20,10899,10900],{},"Important points:",[163,10902,10903,10908,10911],{},[166,10904,10905,10907],{},[15,10906,10763],{}," takes no arguments",[166,10909,10910],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[166,10912,10913],{},"It empties that dictionary",[38,10915,10917],{"id":10916},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,10919,10920],{},"Here is a basic example:",[43,10922,10924],{"className":45,"code":10923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,10925,10926,10936,10957,10971,10988,10992,10996,11016,11020,11031,11035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10927,10928,10931,10933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10929,10930],{"class":58},"user ",[52,10932,63],{"class":62},[52,10934,10935],{"class":66}," {\n",[52,10937,10938,10941,10943,10945,10947,10949,10952,10954],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,10939,10940],{"class":70},"    \"",[52,10942,7115],{"class":74},[52,10944,71],{"class":70},[52,10946,202],{"class":66},[52,10948,83],{"class":70},[52,10950,10951],{"class":74},"Maya",[52,10953,71],{"class":70},[52,10955,10956],{"class":66},",\n",[52,10958,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,10960,10940],{"class":70},[52,10962,8747],{"class":74},[52,10964,71],{"class":70},[52,10966,202],{"class":66},[52,10968,8754],{"class":947},[52,10970,10956],{"class":66},[52,10972,10973,10975,10977,10979,10981,10983,10986],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,10974,10940],{"class":70},[52,10976,9857],{"class":74},[52,10978,71],{"class":70},[52,10980,202],{"class":66},[52,10982,83],{"class":70},[52,10984,10985],{"class":74},"Berlin",[52,10987,2797],{"class":70},[52,10989,10990],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,10991,100],{"class":66},[52,10993,10994],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,10995,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,10997,10998,11000,11002,11004,11007,11009,11011,11014],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,10999,135],{"class":134},[52,11001,138],{"class":66},[52,11003,71],{"class":70},[52,11005,11006],{"class":74},"Before:",[52,11008,71],{"class":70},[52,11010,80],{"class":66},[52,11012,11013],{"class":117}," user",[52,11015,144],{"class":66},[52,11017,11018],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,11019,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11021,11022,11025,11027,11029],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,11023,11024],{"class":58},"user",[52,11026,114],{"class":66},[52,11028,10824],{"class":117},[52,11030,121],{"class":66},[52,11032,11033],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,11034,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11036,11038,11040,11042,11044,11047,11049,11051,11053],{"class":54,"line":11037},11,[52,11039,135],{"class":134},[52,11041,138],{"class":66},[52,11043,71],{"class":70},[52,11045,11046],{"class":74},"After:",[52,11048,71],{"class":70},[52,11050,80],{"class":66},[52,11052,11013],{"class":117},[52,11054,144],{"class":66},[20,11056,5006],{},[43,11058,11060],{"className":45,"code":11059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11061,11062,11115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11063,11064,11067,11069,11071,11073,11075,11077,11079,11081,11083,11085,11087,11089,11091,11093,11095,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11107,11109,11111,11113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11065,11066],{"class":58},"Before",[52,11068,202],{"class":66},[52,11070,67],{"class":66},[52,11072,608],{"class":70},[52,11074,7115],{"class":74},[52,11076,608],{"class":70},[52,11078,202],{"class":66},[52,11080,617],{"class":70},[52,11082,10951],{"class":74},[52,11084,608],{"class":70},[52,11086,80],{"class":66},[52,11088,617],{"class":70},[52,11090,8747],{"class":74},[52,11092,608],{"class":70},[52,11094,202],{"class":66},[52,11096,8754],{"class":947},[52,11098,80],{"class":66},[52,11100,617],{"class":70},[52,11102,9857],{"class":74},[52,11104,608],{"class":70},[52,11106,202],{"class":66},[52,11108,617],{"class":70},[52,11110,10985],{"class":74},[52,11112,608],{"class":70},[52,11114,100],{"class":66},[52,11116,11117,11120,11122],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11118,11119],{"class":58},"After",[52,11121,202],{"class":66},[52,11123,9286],{"class":66},[20,11125,11126],{},"What happens here:",[163,11128,11129,11134,11140],{},[166,11130,11131,11133],{},[15,11132,11024],{}," starts with three items",[166,11135,11136,11139],{},[15,11137,11138],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[166,11141,11142],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[38,11144,194,11146,11148],{"id":11145},"what-clear-returns",[15,11147,10763],{}," returns",[20,11150,11151,1837,11153,114],{},[15,11152,10763],{},[15,11154,3220],{},[20,11156,11157],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,11159,11161],{"className":45,"code":11160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11162,11163,11197,11201,11216,11220,11230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11164,11165,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176,11178,11180,11182,11184,11186,11189,11191,11193,11195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11166,11167],{"class":58},"my_dict ",[52,11169,63],{"class":62},[52,11171,67],{"class":66},[52,11173,71],{"class":70},[52,11175,1611],{"class":74},[52,11177,71],{"class":70},[52,11179,202],{"class":66},[52,11181,4944],{"class":947},[52,11183,80],{"class":66},[52,11185,83],{"class":70},[52,11187,11188],{"class":74},"y",[52,11190,71],{"class":70},[52,11192,202],{"class":66},[52,11194,953],{"class":947},[52,11196,100],{"class":66},[52,11198,11199],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11200,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11202,11203,11205,11207,11210,11212,11214],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11204,1668],{"class":58},[52,11206,63],{"class":62},[52,11208,11209],{"class":58}," my_dict",[52,11211,114],{"class":66},[52,11213,10824],{"class":117},[52,11215,121],{"class":66},[52,11217,11218],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11219,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11221,11222,11224,11226,11228],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,11223,135],{"class":134},[52,11225,138],{"class":66},[52,11227,1703],{"class":117},[52,11229,144],{"class":66},[52,11231,11232,11234,11236,11238],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,11233,135],{"class":134},[52,11235,138],{"class":66},[52,11237,10891],{"class":117},[52,11239,144],{"class":66},[20,11241,1509],{},[43,11243,11245],{"className":45,"code":11244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{}\n",[15,11246,11247,11252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11248,11249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11250,11251],{"class":3295},"None\n",[52,11253,11254],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11255,8882],{"class":66},[699,11257,11259],{"id":11258},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11261,11262,11263,11265],{},"Do ",[30,11264,32],{}," do this:",[43,11267,11269],{"className":45,"code":11268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11270,11271,11303,11317,11321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11272,11273,11275,11277,11279,11281,11283,11285,11287,11289,11291,11293,11295,11297,11299,11301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11274,11167],{"class":58},[52,11276,63],{"class":62},[52,11278,67],{"class":66},[52,11280,71],{"class":70},[52,11282,1611],{"class":74},[52,11284,71],{"class":70},[52,11286,202],{"class":66},[52,11288,4944],{"class":947},[52,11290,80],{"class":66},[52,11292,83],{"class":70},[52,11294,11188],{"class":74},[52,11296,71],{"class":70},[52,11298,202],{"class":66},[52,11300,953],{"class":947},[52,11302,100],{"class":66},[52,11304,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11306,11167],{"class":58},[52,11308,63],{"class":62},[52,11310,11209],{"class":58},[52,11312,114],{"class":66},[52,11314,10824],{"class":117},[52,11316,121],{"class":66},[52,11318,11319],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11320,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11322,11323,11325,11327,11329],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11324,135],{"class":134},[52,11326,138],{"class":66},[52,11328,10891],{"class":117},[52,11330,144],{"class":66},[20,11332,1509],{},[43,11334,11335],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11336,11337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11338,11339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11340,11251],{"class":3295},[20,11342,11343],{},"Why this happens:",[163,11345,11346,11352,11357],{},[166,11347,11348,11351],{},[15,11349,11350],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[166,11353,11354,11355],{},"The method returns ",[15,11356,3220],{},[166,11358,11359,11360,11363,11364,11366],{},"Then ",[15,11361,11362],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11365,3220],{}," in the variable",[20,11368,11369,11370,11372],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11371,10763],{}," by itself:",[43,11374,11376],{"className":45,"code":11375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11377,11378,11410,11420,11424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11379,11380,11382,11384,11386,11388,11390,11392,11394,11396,11398,11400,11402,11404,11406,11408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11381,11167],{"class":58},[52,11383,63],{"class":62},[52,11385,67],{"class":66},[52,11387,71],{"class":70},[52,11389,1611],{"class":74},[52,11391,71],{"class":70},[52,11393,202],{"class":66},[52,11395,4944],{"class":947},[52,11397,80],{"class":66},[52,11399,83],{"class":70},[52,11401,11188],{"class":74},[52,11403,71],{"class":70},[52,11405,202],{"class":66},[52,11407,953],{"class":947},[52,11409,100],{"class":66},[52,11411,11412,11414,11416,11418],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11413,10891],{"class":58},[52,11415,114],{"class":66},[52,11417,10824],{"class":117},[52,11419,121],{"class":66},[52,11421,11422],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11423,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11425,11426,11428,11430,11432,11434],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11427,135],{"class":134},[52,11429,138],{"class":66},[52,11431,10891],{"class":117},[52,11433,3102],{"class":66},[52,11435,10839],{"class":3105},[38,11437,11439,11441],{"id":11438},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11440,10763],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11443,11444],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[43,11446,11447],{"className":45,"code":10884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11448,11449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11450,11451,11453,11455,11457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11452,10891],{"class":58},[52,11454,114],{"class":66},[52,11456,10824],{"class":117},[52,11458,121],{"class":66},[43,11460,11462],{"className":45,"code":11461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11463,11464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11465,11466,11468,11470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11467,11167],{"class":58},[52,11469,63],{"class":62},[52,11471,9286],{"class":66},[699,11473,11474],{"id":10824},[15,11475,10763],{},[163,11477,11478,11481,11484],{},[166,11479,11480],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[166,11482,11483],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[166,11485,11486],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[699,11488,11489],{"id":10891},[15,11490,11491],{},"my_dict = {}",[163,11493,11494,11497,11500],{},[166,11495,11496],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[166,11498,11499],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[166,11501,11502],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11504,11505,11506,114],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[221,11507,11509],{"href":11508},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[38,11511,11513],{"id":11512},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11515,11516,11517,11519],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11518,10763],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[43,11521,11523],{"className":45,"code":11522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11524,11525,11558,11568,11572,11583,11587,11607,11627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11526,11527,11530,11532,11534,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11528,11529],{"class":58},"original ",[52,11531,63],{"class":62},[52,11533,67],{"class":66},[52,11535,71],{"class":70},[52,11537,221],{"class":74},[52,11539,71],{"class":70},[52,11541,202],{"class":66},[52,11543,4944],{"class":947},[52,11545,80],{"class":66},[52,11547,83],{"class":70},[52,11549,4204],{"class":74},[52,11551,71],{"class":70},[52,11553,202],{"class":66},[52,11555,953],{"class":947},[52,11557,100],{"class":66},[52,11559,11560,11563,11565],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11561,11562],{"class":58},"other_ref ",[52,11564,63],{"class":62},[52,11566,11567],{"class":58}," original\n",[52,11569,11570],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11571,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11573,11574,11577,11579,11581],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11575,11576],{"class":58},"original",[52,11578,114],{"class":66},[52,11580,10824],{"class":117},[52,11582,121],{"class":66},[52,11584,11585],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,11586,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11588,11589,11591,11593,11595,11598,11600,11602,11605],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,11590,135],{"class":134},[52,11592,138],{"class":66},[52,11594,71],{"class":70},[52,11596,11597],{"class":74},"original:",[52,11599,71],{"class":70},[52,11601,80],{"class":66},[52,11603,11604],{"class":117}," original",[52,11606,144],{"class":66},[52,11608,11609,11611,11613,11615,11618,11620,11622,11625],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,11610,135],{"class":134},[52,11612,138],{"class":66},[52,11614,71],{"class":70},[52,11616,11617],{"class":74},"other_ref:",[52,11619,71],{"class":70},[52,11621,80],{"class":66},[52,11623,11624],{"class":117}," other_ref",[52,11626,144],{"class":66},[52,11628,11629,11631,11633,11635,11638,11640],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,11630,135],{"class":134},[52,11632,138],{"class":66},[52,11634,11529],{"class":117},[52,11636,11637],{"class":731},"is",[52,11639,11624],{"class":117},[52,11641,144],{"class":66},[20,11643,1509],{},[43,11645,11647],{"className":45,"code":11646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11648,11649,11657,11666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11650,11651,11653,11655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11652,11576],{"class":58},[52,11654,202],{"class":66},[52,11656,9286],{"class":66},[52,11658,11659,11662,11664],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11660,11661],{"class":58},"other_ref",[52,11663,202],{"class":66},[52,11665,9286],{"class":66},[52,11667,11668],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11669,3424],{"class":3295},[20,11671,11672],{},"This shows:",[163,11674,11675,11682,11687],{},[166,11676,11677,803,11679,11681],{},[15,11678,11576],{},[15,11680,11661],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[166,11683,11684,11686],{},[15,11685,10763],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[166,11688,11689],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11691,11692],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[43,11694,11696],{"className":45,"code":11695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11697,11698,11730,11738,11742,11750,11754,11772,11790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11699,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724,11726,11728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11701,11529],{"class":58},[52,11703,63],{"class":62},[52,11705,67],{"class":66},[52,11707,71],{"class":70},[52,11709,221],{"class":74},[52,11711,71],{"class":70},[52,11713,202],{"class":66},[52,11715,4944],{"class":947},[52,11717,80],{"class":66},[52,11719,83],{"class":70},[52,11721,4204],{"class":74},[52,11723,71],{"class":70},[52,11725,202],{"class":66},[52,11727,953],{"class":947},[52,11729,100],{"class":66},[52,11731,11732,11734,11736],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11733,11562],{"class":58},[52,11735,63],{"class":62},[52,11737,11567],{"class":58},[52,11739,11740],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11741,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11743,11744,11746,11748],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11745,11529],{"class":58},[52,11747,63],{"class":62},[52,11749,9286],{"class":66},[52,11751,11752],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,11753,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11755,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,11757,135],{"class":134},[52,11759,138],{"class":66},[52,11761,71],{"class":70},[52,11763,11597],{"class":74},[52,11765,71],{"class":70},[52,11767,80],{"class":66},[52,11769,11604],{"class":117},[52,11771,144],{"class":66},[52,11773,11774,11776,11778,11780,11782,11784,11786,11788],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,11775,135],{"class":134},[52,11777,138],{"class":66},[52,11779,71],{"class":70},[52,11781,11617],{"class":74},[52,11783,71],{"class":70},[52,11785,80],{"class":66},[52,11787,11624],{"class":117},[52,11789,144],{"class":66},[52,11791,11792,11794,11796,11798,11800,11802],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,11793,135],{"class":134},[52,11795,138],{"class":66},[52,11797,11529],{"class":117},[52,11799,11637],{"class":731},[52,11801,11624],{"class":117},[52,11803,144],{"class":66},[20,11805,1509],{},[43,11807,11809],{"className":45,"code":11808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11810,11811,11819,11851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11812,11813,11815,11817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11814,11576],{"class":58},[52,11816,202],{"class":66},[52,11818,9286],{"class":66},[52,11820,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839,11841,11843,11845,11847,11849],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11822,11661],{"class":58},[52,11824,202],{"class":66},[52,11826,67],{"class":66},[52,11828,608],{"class":70},[52,11830,221],{"class":74},[52,11832,608],{"class":70},[52,11834,202],{"class":66},[52,11836,4944],{"class":947},[52,11838,80],{"class":66},[52,11840,617],{"class":70},[52,11842,4204],{"class":74},[52,11844,608],{"class":70},[52,11846,202],{"class":66},[52,11848,953],{"class":947},[52,11850,100],{"class":66},[52,11852,11853],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11854,3485],{"class":3295},[20,11856,1616],{},[163,11858,11859,11865],{},[166,11860,11861,11864],{},[15,11862,11863],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[166,11866,11867,11869],{},[15,11868,11661],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11871,11872,11873,114],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[221,11874,11876],{"href":11875},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11877,11878],{},"dict.copy()",[38,11880,894,11882],{"id":11881},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11883,10763],{},[20,11885,11886,11888],{},[15,11887,10763],{}," is useful when you want to:",[163,11890,11891,11894,11897],{},[166,11892,11893],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[166,11895,11896],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[166,11898,11899],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11901,267],{},[43,11903,11905],{"className":45,"code":11904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11906,11907,11916,11932,11952,11965,11969,11973,11978,11989,11993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11908,11909,11912,11914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11910,11911],{"class":58},"session_data ",[52,11913,63],{"class":62},[52,11915,10935],{"class":66},[52,11917,11918,11920,11923,11925,11927,11930],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,11919,10940],{"class":70},[52,11921,11922],{"class":74},"user_id",[52,11924,71],{"class":70},[52,11926,202],{"class":66},[52,11928,11929],{"class":947}," 101",[52,11931,10956],{"class":66},[52,11933,11934,11936,11939,11941,11943,11945,11948,11950],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,11935,10940],{"class":70},[52,11937,11938],{"class":74},"theme",[52,11940,71],{"class":70},[52,11942,202],{"class":66},[52,11944,83],{"class":70},[52,11946,11947],{"class":74},"dark",[52,11949,71],{"class":70},[52,11951,10956],{"class":66},[52,11953,11954,11956,11959,11961,11963],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,11955,10940],{"class":70},[52,11957,11958],{"class":74},"logged_in",[52,11960,71],{"class":70},[52,11962,202],{"class":66},[52,11964,5868],{"class":3295},[52,11966,11967],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,11968,100],{"class":66},[52,11970,11971],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,11972,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11974,11975],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,11976,11977],{"class":3105},"# Reset for a new session\n",[52,11979,11980,11983,11985,11987],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,11981,11982],{"class":58},"session_data",[52,11984,114],{"class":66},[52,11986,10824],{"class":117},[52,11988,121],{"class":66},[52,11990,11991],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,11992,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,11994,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,11996,135],{"class":134},[52,11998,138],{"class":66},[52,12000,11982],{"class":117},[52,12002,3102],{"class":66},[52,12004,10839],{"class":3105},[20,12006,12007,12008,12014,12015,114,12019,12021,12022,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[221,12009,12011],{"href":12010},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12012,12013],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[221,12016,12018],{"href":12017},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9294,12020],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[221,12023,12025],{"href":12024},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12026,12027],{},"dict.popitem()",[38,12029,1158],{"id":1157},[20,12031,10192,12032,202],{},[15,12033,10763],{},[163,12035,12036,12042,12047,12050],{},[166,12037,12038,12039,12041],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12040,10763],{}," to a variable",[166,12043,1174,12044,12046],{},[15,12045,10763],{}," to return a new dictionary",[166,12048,12049],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[166,12051,12052],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12054,12055],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[43,12057,12059],{"className":45,"code":12058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12060,12061,12071,12085,12100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12062,12063,12065,12067,12069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12064,135],{"class":134},[52,12066,138],{"class":66},[52,12068,10891],{"class":117},[52,12070,144],{"class":66},[52,12072,12073,12075,12077,12079,12081,12083],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12074,135],{"class":134},[52,12076,138],{"class":66},[52,12078,1231],{"class":600},[52,12080,138],{"class":66},[52,12082,10891],{"class":117},[52,12084,1222],{"class":66},[52,12086,12087,12089,12091,12094,12096,12098],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,12088,135],{"class":134},[52,12090,138],{"class":66},[52,12092,12093],{"class":134},"id",[52,12095,138],{"class":66},[52,12097,10891],{"class":117},[52,12099,1222],{"class":66},[52,12101,12102,12104,12106,12108,12110,12112],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12103,135],{"class":134},[52,12105,138],{"class":66},[52,12107,11562],{"class":117},[52,12109,11637],{"class":731},[52,12111,11209],{"class":117},[52,12113,144],{"class":66},[20,12115,12116],{},"What these show:",[163,12118,12119,12125,12131,12137],{},[166,12120,12121,12124],{},[15,12122,12123],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[166,12126,12127,12130],{},[15,12128,12129],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[166,12132,12133,12136],{},[15,12134,12135],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[166,12138,12139,12142],{},[15,12140,12141],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[38,12144,1273],{"id":1272},[699,12146,1277,12148,12150],{"id":12147},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12149,10763],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12152,12153],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[699,12155,4586,12157,12159],{"id":12156},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12158,10768],{}," return?",[20,12161,4592,12162,114],{},[15,12163,3220],{},[699,12165,4624,12167,803,12169,1293],{"id":12166},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12168,10763],{},[15,12170,3234],{},[20,12172,12173,12175,12176,12178],{},[15,12174,10763],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12177,3234],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[699,12180,1277,12182,12184],{"id":12181},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12183,10763],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12186,12187],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[38,12189,1332],{"id":1331},[163,12191,12192,12196,12200,12206,12213,12220,12225],{},[166,12193,12194],{},[221,12195,8603],{"href":8602},[166,12197,12198],{},[221,12199,10685],{"href":8838},[166,12201,12202],{},[221,12203,10182,12204,1070],{"href":12010},[15,12205,17],{},[166,12207,12208],{},[221,12209,10182,12210,1070],{"href":12024},[15,12211,12212],{},"popitem()",[166,12214,12215],{},[221,12216,10182,12217,1070],{"href":11875},[15,12218,12219],{},"copy()",[166,12221,12222],{},[221,12223,12224],{"href":11508},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[166,12226,12227],{},[221,12228,12229],{"href":12017},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1364,12231,12232],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":12234},[12235,12236,12238,12239,12240,12244,12249,12250,12252,12253,12263],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":10847,"depth":103,"text":12237},"What clear() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":11145,"depth":103,"text":12241,"children":12242},"What clear() returns",[12243],{"id":11258,"depth":124,"text":11259},{"id":11438,"depth":103,"text":12245,"children":12246},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12247,12248],{"id":10824,"depth":124,"text":10763},{"id":10891,"depth":124,"text":11491},{"id":11512,"depth":103,"text":11513},{"id":11881,"depth":103,"text":12251},"When to use clear()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":12254},[12255,12257,12259,12261],{"id":12147,"depth":124,"text":12256},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12156,"depth":124,"text":12258},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12166,"depth":124,"text":12260},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12181,"depth":124,"text":12262},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10754,"description":12264},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12271,"title":12272,"body":12273,"description":14437,"extension":1401,"meta":14438,"navigation":127,"path":14439,"seo":14440,"stem":14441,"__hash__":14442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12274,"toc":14409},[12275,12280,12285,12295,12297,12386,12390,12431,12436,12443,12461,12470,12472,12493,12495,12507,12509,12584,12588,12629,12631,12634,12762,12766,12846,12849,12867,12870,12874,12880,12882,12893,12895,13090,13094,13200,13203,13221,13224,13231,13236,13240,13254,13256,13383,13387,13467,13480,13486,13489,13497,13501,13627,13631,13705,13710,13841,13845,13919,13922,13936,13940,13944,13958,13960,14096,14100,14169,14171,14176,14198,14201,14308,14311,14322,14329,14331,14337,14340,14347,14350,14357,14365,14369,14372,14374,14406],[10,12276,10760,12278,18],{"id":12277},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12279,12219],{},[20,12281,12282,12284],{},[15,12283,11878],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12286,12287,12288,12290,12291,12294],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12289,12219],{}," makes a ",[30,12292,12293],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[38,12296,41],{"id":40},[43,12298,12300],{"className":45,"code":12299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12301,12302,12340,12357,12361,12372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12303,12304,12307,12309,12311,12313,12315,12317,12319,12321,12324,12326,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12305,12306],{"class":58},"student ",[52,12308,63],{"class":62},[52,12310,67],{"class":66},[52,12312,71],{"class":70},[52,12314,7115],{"class":74},[52,12316,71],{"class":70},[52,12318,202],{"class":66},[52,12320,83],{"class":70},[52,12322,12323],{"class":74},"Ana",[52,12325,71],{"class":70},[52,12327,80],{"class":66},[52,12329,83],{"class":70},[52,12331,8747],{"class":74},[52,12333,71],{"class":70},[52,12335,202],{"class":66},[52,12337,7237],{"class":947},[52,12339,100],{"class":66},[52,12341,12342,12345,12347,12350,12352,12355],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12343,12344],{"class":58},"student_copy ",[52,12346,63],{"class":62},[52,12348,12349],{"class":58}," student",[52,12351,114],{"class":66},[52,12353,12354],{"class":117},"copy",[52,12356,121],{"class":66},[52,12358,12359],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,12360,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,12362,12363,12365,12367,12370],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12364,135],{"class":134},[52,12366,138],{"class":66},[52,12368,12369],{"class":117},"student_copy",[52,12371,144],{"class":66},[52,12373,12374,12376,12378,12380,12382,12384],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,12375,135],{"class":134},[52,12377,138],{"class":66},[52,12379,12344],{"class":117},[52,12381,11637],{"class":731},[52,12383,12349],{"class":117},[52,12385,144],{"class":66},[20,12387,12388],{},[30,12389,1509],{},[43,12391,12393],{"className":45,"code":12392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12394,12395,12427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12396,12397,12399,12401,12403,12405,12407,12409,12411,12413,12415,12417,12419,12421,12423,12425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12398,8726],{"class":66},[52,12400,608],{"class":70},[52,12402,7115],{"class":74},[52,12404,608],{"class":70},[52,12406,202],{"class":66},[52,12408,617],{"class":70},[52,12410,12323],{"class":74},[52,12412,608],{"class":70},[52,12414,80],{"class":66},[52,12416,617],{"class":70},[52,12418,8747],{"class":74},[52,12420,608],{"class":70},[52,12422,202],{"class":66},[52,12424,7237],{"class":947},[52,12426,100],{"class":66},[52,12428,12429],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12430,3485],{"class":3295},[20,12432,799,12433,12435],{},[15,12434,12219],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[38,12437,12439,12440,12442],{"id":12438},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12441,12219],{}," method does",[163,12444,12445,12450,12453,12458],{},[166,12446,12447,12449],{},[15,12448,11878],{}," returns a new dictionary",[166,12451,12452],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[166,12454,12455,12456],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12457,12219],{},[166,12459,12460],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12462,12463,12464,456,12467,114],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[221,12465,8603],{"href":12466},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[221,12468,8839],{"href":12469},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[38,12471,228],{"id":227},[43,12473,12475],{"className":45,"code":12474,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12476,12477],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12478,12479,12482,12484,12487,12489,12491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12480,12481],{"class":58},"new_dict ",[52,12483,63],{"class":62},[52,12485,12486],{"class":58}," old_dict",[52,12488,114],{"class":66},[52,12490,12354],{"class":117},[52,12492,121],{"class":66},[20,12494,247],{},[163,12496,12497,12501,12504],{},[166,12498,12499,10907],{},[15,12500,12219],{},[166,12502,12503],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[166,12505,12506],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12508,267],{},[43,12510,12512],{"className":45,"code":12511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12513,12514,12554,12569,12573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12515,12516,12518,12520,12522,12524,12526,12528,12530,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546,12548,12550,12552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12517,277],{"class":58},[52,12519,63],{"class":62},[52,12521,67],{"class":66},[52,12523,71],{"class":70},[52,12525,221],{"class":74},[52,12527,71],{"class":70},[52,12529,202],{"class":66},[52,12531,83],{"class":70},[52,12533,286],{"class":74},[52,12535,71],{"class":70},[52,12537,80],{"class":66},[52,12539,83],{"class":70},[52,12541,4204],{"class":74},[52,12543,71],{"class":70},[52,12545,202],{"class":66},[52,12547,83],{"class":70},[52,12549,295],{"class":74},[52,12551,71],{"class":70},[52,12553,100],{"class":66},[52,12555,12556,12559,12561,12563,12565,12567],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12557,12558],{"class":58},"new_colors ",[52,12560,63],{"class":62},[52,12562,318],{"class":58},[52,12564,114],{"class":66},[52,12566,12354],{"class":117},[52,12568,121],{"class":66},[52,12570,12571],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,12572,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,12574,12575,12577,12579,12582],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12576,135],{"class":134},[52,12578,138],{"class":66},[52,12580,12581],{"class":117},"new_colors",[52,12583,144],{"class":66},[20,12585,12586],{},[30,12587,1509],{},[43,12589,12591],{"className":45,"code":12590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12592,12593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12594,12595,12597,12599,12601,12603,12605,12607,12609,12611,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12596,8726],{"class":66},[52,12598,608],{"class":70},[52,12600,221],{"class":74},[52,12602,608],{"class":70},[52,12604,202],{"class":66},[52,12606,617],{"class":70},[52,12608,286],{"class":74},[52,12610,608],{"class":70},[52,12612,80],{"class":66},[52,12614,617],{"class":70},[52,12616,4204],{"class":74},[52,12618,608],{"class":70},[52,12620,202],{"class":66},[52,12622,617],{"class":70},[52,12624,295],{"class":74},[52,12626,608],{"class":70},[52,12628,100],{"class":66},[38,12630,10917],{"id":10916},[20,12632,12633],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[43,12635,12637],{"className":45,"code":12636,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12638,12639,12677,12693,12697,12719,12723,12742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12640,12641,12644,12646,12648,12650,12652,12654,12656,12658,12661,12663,12665,12667,12669,12671,12673,12675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12642,12643],{"class":58},"person ",[52,12645,63],{"class":62},[52,12647,67],{"class":66},[52,12649,71],{"class":70},[52,12651,7115],{"class":74},[52,12653,71],{"class":70},[52,12655,202],{"class":66},[52,12657,83],{"class":70},[52,12659,12660],{"class":74},"Liam",[52,12662,71],{"class":70},[52,12664,80],{"class":66},[52,12666,83],{"class":70},[52,12668,8747],{"class":74},[52,12670,71],{"class":70},[52,12672,202],{"class":66},[52,12674,8754],{"class":947},[52,12676,100],{"class":66},[52,12678,12679,12682,12684,12687,12689,12691],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12680,12681],{"class":58},"person_copy ",[52,12683,63],{"class":62},[52,12685,12686],{"class":58}," person",[52,12688,114],{"class":66},[52,12690,12354],{"class":117},[52,12692,121],{"class":66},[52,12694,12695],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,12696,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,12698,12699,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12713,12716],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12700,12701],{"class":58},"person_copy",[52,12703,3344],{"class":66},[52,12705,71],{"class":70},[52,12707,8747],{"class":74},[52,12709,71],{"class":70},[52,12711,12712],{"class":66},"]",[52,12714,12715],{"class":62}," =",[52,12717,12718],{"class":947}," 26\n",[52,12720,12721],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,12722,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,12724,12725,12727,12729,12731,12734,12736,12738,12740],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,12726,135],{"class":134},[52,12728,138],{"class":66},[52,12730,71],{"class":70},[52,12732,12733],{"class":74},"Original:",[52,12735,71],{"class":70},[52,12737,80],{"class":66},[52,12739,12686],{"class":117},[52,12741,144],{"class":66},[52,12743,12744,12746,12748,12750,12753,12755,12757,12760],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,12745,135],{"class":134},[52,12747,138],{"class":66},[52,12749,71],{"class":70},[52,12751,12752],{"class":74},"Copy:",[52,12754,71],{"class":70},[52,12756,80],{"class":66},[52,12758,12759],{"class":117}," person_copy",[52,12761,144],{"class":66},[20,12763,12764],{},[30,12765,1509],{},[43,12767,12769],{"className":45,"code":12768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12770,12771,12808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12772,12773,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798,12800,12802,12804,12806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12774,12775],{"class":58},"Original",[52,12777,202],{"class":66},[52,12779,67],{"class":66},[52,12781,608],{"class":70},[52,12783,7115],{"class":74},[52,12785,608],{"class":70},[52,12787,202],{"class":66},[52,12789,617],{"class":70},[52,12791,12660],{"class":74},[52,12793,608],{"class":70},[52,12795,80],{"class":66},[52,12797,617],{"class":70},[52,12799,8747],{"class":74},[52,12801,608],{"class":70},[52,12803,202],{"class":66},[52,12805,8754],{"class":947},[52,12807,100],{"class":66},[52,12809,12810,12813,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12831,12833,12835,12837,12839,12841,12844],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12811,12812],{"class":58},"Copy",[52,12814,202],{"class":66},[52,12816,67],{"class":66},[52,12818,608],{"class":70},[52,12820,7115],{"class":74},[52,12822,608],{"class":70},[52,12824,202],{"class":66},[52,12826,617],{"class":70},[52,12828,12660],{"class":74},[52,12830,608],{"class":70},[52,12832,80],{"class":66},[52,12834,617],{"class":70},[52,12836,8747],{"class":74},[52,12838,608],{"class":70},[52,12840,202],{"class":66},[52,12842,12843],{"class":947}," 26",[52,12845,100],{"class":66},[20,12847,12848],{},"What happened here:",[163,12850,12851,12857,12864],{},[166,12852,12853,12856],{},[15,12854,12855],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[166,12858,12859,12860,12863],{},"Changing ",[15,12861,12862],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[166,12865,12866],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12868,12869],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[38,12871,12873],{"id":12872},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12875,12876,12290,12878,114],{},[15,12877,12219],{},[30,12879,12293],{},[20,12881,360],{},[163,12883,12884,12887,12890],{},[166,12885,12886],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[166,12888,12889],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[166,12891,12892],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12894,267],{},[43,12896,12898],{"className":45,"code":12897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12899,12900,12908,12926,12949,12953,12957,12971,12975,13000,13004,13022,13041,13056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12901,12902,12904,12906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12903,12306],{"class":58},[52,12905,63],{"class":62},[52,12907,10935],{"class":66},[52,12909,12910,12912,12914,12916,12918,12920,12922,12924],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,12911,10940],{"class":70},[52,12913,7115],{"class":74},[52,12915,71],{"class":70},[52,12917,202],{"class":66},[52,12919,83],{"class":70},[52,12921,12323],{"class":74},[52,12923,71],{"class":70},[52,12925,10956],{"class":66},[52,12927,12928,12930,12933,12935,12937,12939,12942,12944,12947],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,12929,10940],{"class":70},[52,12931,12932],{"class":74},"grades",[52,12934,71],{"class":70},[52,12936,202],{"class":66},[52,12938,3063],{"class":66},[52,12940,12941],{"class":947},"90",[52,12943,80],{"class":66},[52,12945,12946],{"class":947}," 85",[52,12948,3076],{"class":66},[52,12950,12951],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,12952,100],{"class":66},[52,12954,12955],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,12956,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,12958,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,12960,12344],{"class":58},[52,12962,63],{"class":62},[52,12964,12349],{"class":58},[52,12966,114],{"class":66},[52,12968,12354],{"class":117},[52,12970,121],{"class":66},[52,12972,12973],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,12974,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,12976,12977,12979,12981,12983,12985,12987,12990,12993,12995,12998],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,12978,12369],{"class":58},[52,12980,3344],{"class":66},[52,12982,71],{"class":70},[52,12984,12932],{"class":74},[52,12986,71],{"class":70},[52,12988,12989],{"class":66},"].",[52,12991,12992],{"class":117},"append",[52,12994,138],{"class":66},[52,12996,12997],{"class":947},"100",[52,12999,144],{"class":66},[52,13001,13002],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,13003,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13005,13006,13008,13010,13012,13014,13016,13018,13020],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,13007,135],{"class":134},[52,13009,138],{"class":66},[52,13011,71],{"class":70},[52,13013,12733],{"class":74},[52,13015,71],{"class":70},[52,13017,80],{"class":66},[52,13019,12349],{"class":117},[52,13021,144],{"class":66},[52,13023,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036,13039],{"class":54,"line":11037},[52,13025,135],{"class":134},[52,13027,138],{"class":66},[52,13029,71],{"class":70},[52,13031,12752],{"class":74},[52,13033,71],{"class":70},[52,13035,80],{"class":66},[52,13037,13038],{"class":117}," student_copy",[52,13040,144],{"class":66},[52,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13052,13054],{"class":54,"line":13043},12,[52,13045,135],{"class":134},[52,13047,138],{"class":66},[52,13049,12306],{"class":117},[52,13051,11637],{"class":731},[52,13053,13038],{"class":117},[52,13055,144],{"class":66},[52,13057,13059,13061,13063,13066,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088],{"class":54,"line":13058},13,[52,13060,135],{"class":134},[52,13062,138],{"class":66},[52,13064,13065],{"class":117},"student",[52,13067,3344],{"class":66},[52,13069,71],{"class":70},[52,13071,12932],{"class":74},[52,13073,71],{"class":70},[52,13075,12712],{"class":66},[52,13077,7543],{"class":731},[52,13079,13038],{"class":117},[52,13081,3344],{"class":66},[52,13083,71],{"class":70},[52,13085,12932],{"class":74},[52,13087,71],{"class":70},[52,13089,3332],{"class":66},[20,13091,13092],{},[30,13093,1509],{},[43,13095,13097],{"className":45,"code":13096,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13098,13099,13146,13192,13196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13100,13101,13103,13105,13107,13109,13111,13113,13115,13117,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133,13135,13137,13139,13141,13143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13102,12775],{"class":58},[52,13104,202],{"class":66},[52,13106,67],{"class":66},[52,13108,608],{"class":70},[52,13110,7115],{"class":74},[52,13112,608],{"class":70},[52,13114,202],{"class":66},[52,13116,617],{"class":70},[52,13118,12323],{"class":74},[52,13120,608],{"class":70},[52,13122,80],{"class":66},[52,13124,617],{"class":70},[52,13126,12932],{"class":74},[52,13128,608],{"class":70},[52,13130,202],{"class":66},[52,13132,3063],{"class":66},[52,13134,12941],{"class":947},[52,13136,80],{"class":66},[52,13138,12946],{"class":947},[52,13140,80],{"class":66},[52,13142,9566],{"class":947},[52,13144,13145],{"class":66},"]}\n",[52,13147,13148,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158,13160,13162,13164,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180,13182,13184,13186,13188,13190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13149,12812],{"class":58},[52,13151,202],{"class":66},[52,13153,67],{"class":66},[52,13155,608],{"class":70},[52,13157,7115],{"class":74},[52,13159,608],{"class":70},[52,13161,202],{"class":66},[52,13163,617],{"class":70},[52,13165,12323],{"class":74},[52,13167,608],{"class":70},[52,13169,80],{"class":66},[52,13171,617],{"class":70},[52,13173,12932],{"class":74},[52,13175,608],{"class":70},[52,13177,202],{"class":66},[52,13179,3063],{"class":66},[52,13181,12941],{"class":947},[52,13183,80],{"class":66},[52,13185,12946],{"class":947},[52,13187,80],{"class":66},[52,13189,9566],{"class":947},[52,13191,13145],{"class":66},[52,13193,13194],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,13195,3485],{"class":3295},[52,13197,13198],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,13199,3424],{"class":3295},[20,13201,13202],{},"Notice the difference:",[163,13204,13205,13213],{},[166,13206,13207,4227,13210,13212],{},[15,13208,13209],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13211,3116],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[166,13214,13215,4227,13218,13220],{},[15,13216,13217],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13219,3044],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13222,13223],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13225,13226,13227,114],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[221,13228,13230],{"href":13229},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[38,13232,894,13234],{"id":13233},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13235,12219],{},[20,13237,799,13238,916],{},[15,13239,12219],{},[163,13241,13242,13245,13248,13251],{},[166,13243,13244],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[166,13246,13247],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[166,13249,13250],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[166,13252,13253],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13255,267],{},[43,13257,13259],{"className":45,"code":13258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13260,13261,13300,13316,13320,13340,13344,13363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13262,13263,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13291,13293,13295,13298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13264,13265],{"class":58},"settings ",[52,13267,63],{"class":62},[52,13269,67],{"class":66},[52,13271,71],{"class":70},[52,13273,11938],{"class":74},[52,13275,71],{"class":70},[52,13277,202],{"class":66},[52,13279,83],{"class":70},[52,13281,11947],{"class":74},[52,13283,71],{"class":70},[52,13285,80],{"class":66},[52,13287,83],{"class":70},[52,13289,13290],{"class":74},"font_size",[52,13292,71],{"class":70},[52,13294,202],{"class":66},[52,13296,13297],{"class":947}," 14",[52,13299,100],{"class":66},[52,13301,13302,13305,13307,13310,13312,13314],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13303,13304],{"class":58},"settings_backup ",[52,13306,63],{"class":62},[52,13308,13309],{"class":58}," settings",[52,13311,114],{"class":66},[52,13313,12354],{"class":117},[52,13315,121],{"class":66},[52,13317,13318],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,13319,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13321,13322,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,13323,13324],{"class":58},"settings",[52,13326,3344],{"class":66},[52,13328,71],{"class":70},[52,13330,13290],{"class":74},[52,13332,71],{"class":70},[52,13334,12712],{"class":66},[52,13336,12715],{"class":62},[52,13338,13339],{"class":947}," 16\n",[52,13341,13342],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,13343,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13345,13346,13348,13350,13352,13355,13357,13359,13361],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,13347,135],{"class":134},[52,13349,138],{"class":66},[52,13351,71],{"class":70},[52,13353,13354],{"class":74},"Current:",[52,13356,71],{"class":70},[52,13358,80],{"class":66},[52,13360,13309],{"class":117},[52,13362,144],{"class":66},[52,13364,13365,13367,13369,13371,13374,13376,13378,13381],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,13366,135],{"class":134},[52,13368,138],{"class":66},[52,13370,71],{"class":70},[52,13372,13373],{"class":74},"Backup:",[52,13375,71],{"class":70},[52,13377,80],{"class":66},[52,13379,13380],{"class":117}," settings_backup",[52,13382,144],{"class":66},[20,13384,13385],{},[30,13386,1509],{},[43,13388,13390],{"className":45,"code":13389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13391,13392,13430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13393,13394,13397,13399,13401,13403,13405,13407,13409,13411,13413,13415,13417,13419,13421,13423,13425,13428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13395,13396],{"class":58},"Current",[52,13398,202],{"class":66},[52,13400,67],{"class":66},[52,13402,608],{"class":70},[52,13404,11938],{"class":74},[52,13406,608],{"class":70},[52,13408,202],{"class":66},[52,13410,617],{"class":70},[52,13412,11947],{"class":74},[52,13414,608],{"class":70},[52,13416,80],{"class":66},[52,13418,617],{"class":70},[52,13420,13290],{"class":74},[52,13422,608],{"class":70},[52,13424,202],{"class":66},[52,13426,13427],{"class":947}," 16",[52,13429,100],{"class":66},[52,13431,13432,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13461,13463,13465],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13433,13434],{"class":58},"Backup",[52,13436,202],{"class":66},[52,13438,67],{"class":66},[52,13440,608],{"class":70},[52,13442,11938],{"class":74},[52,13444,608],{"class":70},[52,13446,202],{"class":66},[52,13448,617],{"class":70},[52,13450,11947],{"class":74},[52,13452,608],{"class":70},[52,13454,80],{"class":66},[52,13456,617],{"class":70},[52,13458,13290],{"class":74},[52,13460,608],{"class":70},[52,13462,202],{"class":66},[52,13464,13297],{"class":947},[52,13466,100],{"class":66},[20,13468,13469,13470,456,13476,114],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[221,13471,13473],{"href":13472},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13474,13475],{},"dict.update()",[221,13477,13478],{"href":12266},[15,13479,10768],{},[38,13481,13483,13485],{"id":13482},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13484,12219],{}," vs assignment",[20,13487,13488],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13490,1185,13491,13493,13494,13496],{},[15,13492,63],{}," does ",[30,13495,32],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[699,13498,13500],{"id":13499},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[43,13502,13504],{"className":45,"code":13503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13505,13506,13538,13547,13551,13571,13575,13593,13613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13507,13508,13510,13512,13514,13516,13518,13520,13522,13524,13526,13528,13530,13532,13534,13536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13509,11529],{"class":58},[52,13511,63],{"class":62},[52,13513,67],{"class":66},[52,13515,71],{"class":70},[52,13517,1611],{"class":74},[52,13519,71],{"class":70},[52,13521,202],{"class":66},[52,13523,4944],{"class":947},[52,13525,80],{"class":66},[52,13527,83],{"class":70},[52,13529,11188],{"class":74},[52,13531,71],{"class":70},[52,13533,202],{"class":66},[52,13535,953],{"class":947},[52,13537,100],{"class":66},[52,13539,13540,13543,13545],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13541,13542],{"class":58},"assigned ",[52,13544,63],{"class":62},[52,13546,11567],{"class":58},[52,13548,13549],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,13550,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13552,13553,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,13554,13555],{"class":58},"assigned",[52,13557,3344],{"class":66},[52,13559,71],{"class":70},[52,13561,1611],{"class":74},[52,13563,71],{"class":70},[52,13565,12712],{"class":66},[52,13567,12715],{"class":62},[52,13569,13570],{"class":947}," 99\n",[52,13572,13573],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,13574,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13576,13577,13579,13581,13583,13585,13587,13589,13591],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,13578,135],{"class":134},[52,13580,138],{"class":66},[52,13582,71],{"class":70},[52,13584,12733],{"class":74},[52,13586,71],{"class":70},[52,13588,80],{"class":66},[52,13590,11604],{"class":117},[52,13592,144],{"class":66},[52,13594,13595,13597,13599,13601,13604,13606,13608,13611],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,13596,135],{"class":134},[52,13598,138],{"class":66},[52,13600,71],{"class":70},[52,13602,13603],{"class":74},"Assigned:",[52,13605,71],{"class":70},[52,13607,80],{"class":66},[52,13609,13610],{"class":117}," assigned",[52,13612,144],{"class":66},[52,13614,13615,13617,13619,13621,13623,13625],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,13616,135],{"class":134},[52,13618,138],{"class":66},[52,13620,11529],{"class":117},[52,13622,11637],{"class":731},[52,13624,13610],{"class":117},[52,13626,144],{"class":66},[20,13628,13629],{},[30,13630,1509],{},[43,13632,13634],{"className":45,"code":13633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13635,13636,13668,13701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13637,13638,13640,13642,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13639,12775],{"class":58},[52,13641,202],{"class":66},[52,13643,67],{"class":66},[52,13645,608],{"class":70},[52,13647,1611],{"class":74},[52,13649,608],{"class":70},[52,13651,202],{"class":66},[52,13653,9645],{"class":947},[52,13655,80],{"class":66},[52,13657,617],{"class":70},[52,13659,11188],{"class":74},[52,13661,608],{"class":70},[52,13663,202],{"class":66},[52,13665,953],{"class":947},[52,13667,100],{"class":66},[52,13669,13670,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13671,13672],{"class":58},"Assigned",[52,13674,202],{"class":66},[52,13676,67],{"class":66},[52,13678,608],{"class":70},[52,13680,1611],{"class":74},[52,13682,608],{"class":70},[52,13684,202],{"class":66},[52,13686,9645],{"class":947},[52,13688,80],{"class":66},[52,13690,617],{"class":70},[52,13692,11188],{"class":74},[52,13694,608],{"class":70},[52,13696,202],{"class":66},[52,13698,953],{"class":947},[52,13700,100],{"class":66},[52,13702,13703],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,13704,3424],{"class":3295},[699,13706,1185,13708],{"id":13707},"using-copy",[15,13709,12219],{},[43,13711,13713],{"className":45,"code":13712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13714,13715,13747,13762,13766,13785,13789,13807,13827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13716,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13718,11529],{"class":58},[52,13720,63],{"class":62},[52,13722,67],{"class":66},[52,13724,71],{"class":70},[52,13726,1611],{"class":74},[52,13728,71],{"class":70},[52,13730,202],{"class":66},[52,13732,4944],{"class":947},[52,13734,80],{"class":66},[52,13736,83],{"class":70},[52,13738,11188],{"class":74},[52,13740,71],{"class":70},[52,13742,202],{"class":66},[52,13744,953],{"class":947},[52,13746,100],{"class":66},[52,13748,13749,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13750,13751],{"class":58},"copied ",[52,13753,63],{"class":62},[52,13755,11604],{"class":58},[52,13757,114],{"class":66},[52,13759,12354],{"class":117},[52,13761,121],{"class":66},[52,13763,13764],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,13765,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13767,13768,13771,13773,13775,13777,13779,13781,13783],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,13769,13770],{"class":58},"copied",[52,13772,3344],{"class":66},[52,13774,71],{"class":70},[52,13776,1611],{"class":74},[52,13778,71],{"class":70},[52,13780,12712],{"class":66},[52,13782,12715],{"class":62},[52,13784,13570],{"class":947},[52,13786,13787],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,13788,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,13790,13791,13793,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,13792,135],{"class":134},[52,13794,138],{"class":66},[52,13796,71],{"class":70},[52,13798,12733],{"class":74},[52,13800,71],{"class":70},[52,13802,80],{"class":66},[52,13804,11604],{"class":117},[52,13806,144],{"class":66},[52,13808,13809,13811,13813,13815,13818,13820,13822,13825],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,13810,135],{"class":134},[52,13812,138],{"class":66},[52,13814,71],{"class":70},[52,13816,13817],{"class":74},"Copied:",[52,13819,71],{"class":70},[52,13821,80],{"class":66},[52,13823,13824],{"class":117}," copied",[52,13826,144],{"class":66},[52,13828,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,13830,135],{"class":134},[52,13832,138],{"class":66},[52,13834,11529],{"class":117},[52,13836,11637],{"class":731},[52,13838,13824],{"class":117},[52,13840,144],{"class":66},[20,13842,13843],{},[30,13844,1509],{},[43,13846,13848],{"className":45,"code":13847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13849,13850,13882,13915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13851,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870,13872,13874,13876,13878,13880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13853,12775],{"class":58},[52,13855,202],{"class":66},[52,13857,67],{"class":66},[52,13859,608],{"class":70},[52,13861,1611],{"class":74},[52,13863,608],{"class":70},[52,13865,202],{"class":66},[52,13867,4944],{"class":947},[52,13869,80],{"class":66},[52,13871,617],{"class":70},[52,13873,11188],{"class":74},[52,13875,608],{"class":70},[52,13877,202],{"class":66},[52,13879,953],{"class":947},[52,13881,100],{"class":66},[52,13883,13884,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,13885,13886],{"class":58},"Copied",[52,13888,202],{"class":66},[52,13890,67],{"class":66},[52,13892,608],{"class":70},[52,13894,1611],{"class":74},[52,13896,608],{"class":70},[52,13898,202],{"class":66},[52,13900,9645],{"class":947},[52,13902,80],{"class":66},[52,13904,617],{"class":70},[52,13906,11188],{"class":74},[52,13908,608],{"class":70},[52,13910,202],{"class":66},[52,13912,953],{"class":947},[52,13914,100],{"class":66},[52,13916,13917],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,13918,3485],{"class":3295},[20,13920,13921],{},"Summary:",[163,13923,13924,13930],{},[166,13925,13926,13929],{},[15,13927,13928],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[166,13931,13932,13935],{},[15,13933,13934],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[38,13937,13939],{"id":13938},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13941,13942,202],{},[15,13943,12219],{},[163,13945,13946,13949,13952,13955],{},[166,13947,13948],{},"Returns a dictionary",[166,13950,13951],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[166,13953,13954],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[166,13956,13957],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13959,267],{},[43,13961,13963],{"className":45,"code":13962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,13964,13965,13997,14013,14017,14035,14055,14059,14077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13966,13967,13969,13971,13973,13975,13977,13979,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13968,8613],{"class":58},[52,13970,63],{"class":62},[52,13972,67],{"class":66},[52,13974,71],{"class":70},[52,13976,221],{"class":74},[52,13978,71],{"class":70},[52,13980,202],{"class":66},[52,13982,4944],{"class":947},[52,13984,80],{"class":66},[52,13986,83],{"class":70},[52,13988,4204],{"class":74},[52,13990,71],{"class":70},[52,13992,202],{"class":66},[52,13994,953],{"class":947},[52,13996,100],{"class":66},[52,13998,13999,14002,14004,14007,14009,14011],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14000,14001],{"class":58},"data_copy ",[52,14003,63],{"class":62},[52,14005,14006],{"class":58}," data",[52,14008,114],{"class":66},[52,14010,12354],{"class":117},[52,14012,121],{"class":66},[52,14014,14015],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,14016,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,14018,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,14020,8652],{"class":58},[52,14022,3344],{"class":66},[52,14024,71],{"class":70},[52,14026,221],{"class":74},[52,14028,71],{"class":70},[52,14030,12712],{"class":66},[52,14032,12715],{"class":62},[52,14034,2026],{"class":947},[52,14036,14037,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,14038,14039],{"class":58},"data_copy",[52,14041,3344],{"class":66},[52,14043,71],{"class":70},[52,14045,4204],{"class":74},[52,14047,71],{"class":70},[52,14049,12712],{"class":66},[52,14051,12715],{"class":62},[52,14053,14054],{"class":947}," 20\n",[52,14056,14057],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,14058,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,14060,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,14062,135],{"class":134},[52,14064,138],{"class":66},[52,14066,71],{"class":70},[52,14068,12733],{"class":74},[52,14070,71],{"class":70},[52,14072,80],{"class":66},[52,14074,14006],{"class":117},[52,14076,144],{"class":66},[52,14078,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089,14091,14094],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,14080,135],{"class":134},[52,14082,138],{"class":66},[52,14084,71],{"class":70},[52,14086,12752],{"class":74},[52,14088,71],{"class":70},[52,14090,80],{"class":66},[52,14092,14093],{"class":117}," data_copy",[52,14095,144],{"class":66},[20,14097,14098],{},[30,14099,1509],{},[43,14101,14103],{"className":45,"code":14102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14104,14105,14137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14106,14107,14109,14111,14113,14115,14117,14119,14121,14123,14125,14127,14129,14131,14133,14135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14108,12775],{"class":58},[52,14110,202],{"class":66},[52,14112,67],{"class":66},[52,14114,608],{"class":70},[52,14116,221],{"class":74},[52,14118,608],{"class":70},[52,14120,202],{"class":66},[52,14122,5451],{"class":947},[52,14124,80],{"class":66},[52,14126,617],{"class":70},[52,14128,4204],{"class":74},[52,14130,608],{"class":70},[52,14132,202],{"class":66},[52,14134,953],{"class":947},[52,14136,100],{"class":66},[52,14138,14139,14141,14143,14145,14147,14149,14151,14153,14155,14157,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14140,12812],{"class":58},[52,14142,202],{"class":66},[52,14144,67],{"class":66},[52,14146,608],{"class":70},[52,14148,221],{"class":74},[52,14150,608],{"class":70},[52,14152,202],{"class":66},[52,14154,4944],{"class":947},[52,14156,80],{"class":66},[52,14158,617],{"class":70},[52,14160,4204],{"class":74},[52,14162,608],{"class":70},[52,14164,202],{"class":66},[52,14166,7237],{"class":947},[52,14168,100],{"class":66},[38,14170,1158],{"id":1157},[20,14172,14173,14174,202],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14175,11878],{},[163,14177,14178,14185,14190,14195],{},[166,14179,1185,14180,1326,14182,14184],{},[15,14181,63],{},[15,14183,12219],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[166,14186,4022,14187,14189],{},[15,14188,12219],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[166,14191,14192,14193],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14194,12219],{},[166,14196,14197],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14199,14200],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[43,14202,14204],{"className":45,"code":14203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14205,14206,14216,14226,14240,14263,14286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14207,14208,14210,14212,14214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14209,135],{"class":134},[52,14211,138],{"class":66},[52,14213,11576],{"class":117},[52,14215,144],{"class":66},[52,14217,14218,14220,14222,14224],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14219,135],{"class":134},[52,14221,138],{"class":66},[52,14223,13770],{"class":117},[52,14225,144],{"class":66},[52,14227,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,14229,135],{"class":134},[52,14231,138],{"class":66},[52,14233,11529],{"class":117},[52,14235,11637],{"class":731},[52,14237,13824],{"class":117},[52,14239,144],{"class":66},[52,14241,14242,14244,14246,14248,14250,14252,14254,14257,14259,14261],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,14243,135],{"class":134},[52,14245,138],{"class":66},[52,14247,12093],{"class":134},[52,14249,138],{"class":66},[52,14251,11576],{"class":117},[52,14253,8681],{"class":66},[52,14255,14256],{"class":134}," id",[52,14258,138],{"class":66},[52,14260,13770],{"class":117},[52,14262,1222],{"class":66},[52,14264,14265,14267,14269,14271,14273,14275,14277,14279,14282,14284],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,14266,135],{"class":134},[52,14268,138],{"class":66},[52,14270,12093],{"class":134},[52,14272,138],{"class":66},[52,14274,11576],{"class":117},[52,14276,3344],{"class":66},[52,14278,71],{"class":70},[52,14280,14281],{"class":74},"key",[52,14283,71],{"class":70},[52,14285,2437],{"class":66},[52,14287,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,14289,135],{"class":134},[52,14291,138],{"class":66},[52,14293,12093],{"class":134},[52,14295,138],{"class":66},[52,14297,13770],{"class":117},[52,14299,3344],{"class":66},[52,14301,71],{"class":70},[52,14303,14281],{"class":74},[52,14305,71],{"class":70},[52,14307,2437],{"class":66},[20,14309,14310],{},"What these help you check:",[163,14312,14313,14316,14319],{},[166,14314,14315],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[166,14317,14318],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[166,14320,14321],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14323,14324,14325,114],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[221,14326,14328],{"href":14327},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[38,14330,1273],{"id":1272},[699,14332,1277,14334,14336],{"id":14333},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14335,11878],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14338,14339],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[699,14341,14343,14344,14346],{"id":14342},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14345,11878],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14348,14349],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[699,14351,4624,14353,803,14355,1293],{"id":14352},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14354,12219],{},[15,14356,63],{},[20,14358,14359,14361,14362,14364],{},[15,14360,12219],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14363,63],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[699,14366,14368],{"id":14367},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14370,14371],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[38,14373,1332],{"id":1331},[163,14375,14376,14380,14384,14388,14395,14401],{},[166,14377,14378],{},[221,14379,10685],{"href":12469},[166,14381,14382],{},[221,14383,8603],{"href":12466},[166,14385,14386],{},[221,14387,13230],{"href":13229},[166,14389,14390],{},[221,14391,10182,14392,1070],{"href":13472},[15,14393,14394],{},"update()",[166,14396,14397],{},[221,14398,10182,14399,1070],{"href":12266},[15,14400,10763],{},[166,14402,14403],{},[221,14404,14405],{"href":14327},"How to copy a list in Python",[1364,14407,14408],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":14410},[14411,14412,14414,14415,14416,14417,14419,14425,14426,14427,14436],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":12438,"depth":103,"text":14413},"What the copy() method does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":12872,"depth":103,"text":12873},{"id":13233,"depth":103,"text":14418},"When to use copy()",{"id":13482,"depth":103,"text":14420,"children":14421},"copy() vs assignment",[14422,14423],{"id":13499,"depth":124,"text":13500},{"id":13707,"depth":124,"text":14424},"Using copy()",{"id":13938,"depth":103,"text":13939},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":14428},[14429,14431,14433,14435],{"id":14333,"depth":124,"text":14430},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14342,"depth":124,"text":14432},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14352,"depth":124,"text":14434},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14367,"depth":124,"text":14368},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12272,"description":14437},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14444,"title":14445,"body":14446,"description":16643,"extension":1401,"meta":16644,"navigation":127,"path":12469,"seo":16645,"stem":16646,"__hash__":16647},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14447,"toc":16605},[14448,14451,14457,14466,14468,14544,14548,14597,14600,14604,14618,14621,14625,14638,14641,14674,14688,14691,14703,14707,14710,14718,14798,14802,14855,14859,14877,14879,14961,14964,14966,14969,14972,14995,15019,15023,15031,15034,15038,15047,15052,15108,15112,15145,15151,15157,15160,15215,15219,15269,15272,15278,15281,15289,15291,15336,15341,15350,15353,15356,15403,15405,15410,15413,15507,15511,15564,15567,15623,15626,15630,15633,15647,15651,15717,15721,15746,15749,15753,15831,15835,15838,15841,15861,15864,15917,15921,15924,15927,15940,15942,16031,16038,16041,16052,16054,16057,16077,16081,16084,16093,16096,16135,16139,16141,16150,16159,16161,16199,16203,16250,16254,16275,16279,16282,16394,16399,16497,16519,16521,16525,16532,16536,16542,16546,16549,16553,16556,16563,16571,16573,16599,16602],[10,14449,14445],{"id":14450},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14452,14453,14454,14456],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,14455,8579],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14458,14459,14460,456,14462,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[221,14461,8603],{"href":8602},[221,14463,14465],{"href":14464},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[38,14467,41],{"id":40},[43,14469,14471],{"className":45,"code":14470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14472,14473,14481,14499,14513,14526,14530,14534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14474,14475,14477,14479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14476,12306],{"class":58},[52,14478,63],{"class":62},[52,14480,10935],{"class":66},[52,14482,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14484,10940],{"class":70},[52,14486,7115],{"class":74},[52,14488,71],{"class":70},[52,14490,202],{"class":66},[52,14492,83],{"class":70},[52,14494,12323],{"class":74},[52,14496,71],{"class":70},[52,14498,10956],{"class":66},[52,14500,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,14502,10940],{"class":70},[52,14504,8747],{"class":74},[52,14506,71],{"class":70},[52,14508,202],{"class":66},[52,14510,7237],{"class":947},[52,14512,10956],{"class":66},[52,14514,14515,14517,14520,14522,14524],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,14516,10940],{"class":70},[52,14518,14519],{"class":74},"is_active",[52,14521,71],{"class":70},[52,14523,202],{"class":66},[52,14525,5868],{"class":3295},[52,14527,14528],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,14529,100],{"class":66},[52,14531,14532],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,14533,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,14535,14536,14538,14540,14542],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,14537,135],{"class":134},[52,14539,138],{"class":66},[52,14541,13065],{"class":117},[52,14543,144],{"class":66},[20,14545,14546],{},[30,14547,1509],{},[43,14549,14551],{"className":45,"code":14550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14552,14553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14554,14555,14557,14559,14561,14563,14565,14567,14569,14571,14573,14575,14577,14579,14581,14583,14585,14587,14589,14591,14593,14595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14556,8726],{"class":66},[52,14558,608],{"class":70},[52,14560,7115],{"class":74},[52,14562,608],{"class":70},[52,14564,202],{"class":66},[52,14566,617],{"class":70},[52,14568,12323],{"class":74},[52,14570,608],{"class":70},[52,14572,80],{"class":66},[52,14574,617],{"class":70},[52,14576,8747],{"class":74},[52,14578,608],{"class":70},[52,14580,202],{"class":66},[52,14582,7237],{"class":947},[52,14584,80],{"class":66},[52,14586,617],{"class":70},[52,14588,14519],{"class":74},[52,14590,608],{"class":70},[52,14592,202],{"class":66},[52,14594,3360],{"class":3295},[52,14596,100],{"class":66},[20,14598,14599],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[38,14601,14603],{"id":14602},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[163,14605,14606,14609,14612,14615],{},[166,14607,14608],{},"What a dictionary is",[166,14610,14611],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[166,14613,14614],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[166,14616,14617],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[38,14619,14608],{"id":14620},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14622,8576,14623,114],{},[30,14624,8579],{},[163,14626,14627,14633],{},[166,14628,14629,14630,14632],{},"A ",[30,14631,14281],{}," is the label",[166,14634,14629,14635,14637],{},[30,14636,985],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14639,14640],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[43,14642,14644],{"className":45,"code":14643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14645,14646,14654,14670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14647,14648,14650,14652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14649,12306],{"class":58},[52,14651,63],{"class":62},[52,14653,10935],{"class":66},[52,14655,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14657,10940],{"class":70},[52,14659,7115],{"class":74},[52,14661,71],{"class":70},[52,14663,202],{"class":66},[52,14665,83],{"class":70},[52,14667,12323],{"class":74},[52,14669,2797],{"class":70},[52,14671,14672],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,14673,100],{"class":66},[163,14675,14676,14682],{},[166,14677,14678,14681],{},[15,14679,14680],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[166,14683,14684,14687],{},[15,14685,14686],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14689,14690],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[163,14692,14693,14695,14697,14700],{},[166,14694,7115],{},[166,14696,8747],{},[166,14698,14699],{},"email",[166,14701,14702],{},"country",[38,14704,14706],{"id":14705},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14708,14709],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14711,799,14712,14714,14715,114],{},[15,14713,3234],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14716,14717],{},"key: value",[43,14719,14721],{"className":45,"code":14720,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14722,14723,14731,14749,14763,14780,14784,14788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14724,14725,14727,14729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14726,12306],{"class":58},[52,14728,63],{"class":62},[52,14730,10935],{"class":66},[52,14732,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14734,10940],{"class":70},[52,14736,7115],{"class":74},[52,14738,71],{"class":70},[52,14740,202],{"class":66},[52,14742,83],{"class":70},[52,14744,12323],{"class":74},[52,14746,71],{"class":70},[52,14748,10956],{"class":66},[52,14750,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,14752,10940],{"class":70},[52,14754,8747],{"class":74},[52,14756,71],{"class":70},[52,14758,202],{"class":66},[52,14760,7237],{"class":947},[52,14762,10956],{"class":66},[52,14764,14765,14767,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,14766,10940],{"class":70},[52,14768,14769],{"class":74},"course",[52,14771,71],{"class":70},[52,14773,202],{"class":66},[52,14775,83],{"class":70},[52,14777,6743],{"class":74},[52,14779,2797],{"class":70},[52,14781,14782],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,14783,100],{"class":66},[52,14785,14786],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,14787,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,14789,14790,14792,14794,14796],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,14791,135],{"class":134},[52,14793,138],{"class":66},[52,14795,13065],{"class":117},[52,14797,144],{"class":66},[20,14799,14800],{},[30,14801,1509],{},[43,14803,14805],{"className":45,"code":14804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14806,14807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14808,14809,14811,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839,14841,14843,14845,14847,14849,14851,14853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14810,8726],{"class":66},[52,14812,608],{"class":70},[52,14814,7115],{"class":74},[52,14816,608],{"class":70},[52,14818,202],{"class":66},[52,14820,617],{"class":70},[52,14822,12323],{"class":74},[52,14824,608],{"class":70},[52,14826,80],{"class":66},[52,14828,617],{"class":70},[52,14830,8747],{"class":74},[52,14832,608],{"class":70},[52,14834,202],{"class":66},[52,14836,7237],{"class":947},[52,14838,80],{"class":66},[52,14840,617],{"class":70},[52,14842,14769],{"class":74},[52,14844,608],{"class":70},[52,14846,202],{"class":66},[52,14848,617],{"class":70},[52,14850,6743],{"class":74},[52,14852,608],{"class":70},[52,14854,100],{"class":66},[699,14856,14858],{"id":14857},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[163,14860,14861,14866,14871,14874],{},[166,14862,799,14863,14865],{},[15,14864,3234],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[166,14867,14868,14869],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14870,14717],{},[166,14872,14873],{},"Separate items with commas",[166,14875,14876],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14878,267],{},[43,14880,14882],{"className":45,"code":14881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14883,14884,14893,14913,14929,14942,14946,14950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14885,14886,14889,14891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14887,14888],{"class":58},"book ",[52,14890,63],{"class":62},[52,14892,10935],{"class":66},[52,14894,14895,14897,14900,14902,14904,14906,14909,14911],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14896,10940],{"class":70},[52,14898,14899],{"class":74},"title",[52,14901,71],{"class":70},[52,14903,202],{"class":66},[52,14905,83],{"class":70},[52,14907,14908],{"class":74},"Python Basics",[52,14910,71],{"class":70},[52,14912,10956],{"class":66},[52,14914,14915,14917,14920,14922,14924,14927],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,14916,10940],{"class":70},[52,14918,14919],{"class":74},"pages",[52,14921,71],{"class":70},[52,14923,202],{"class":66},[52,14925,14926],{"class":947}," 150",[52,14928,10956],{"class":66},[52,14930,14931,14933,14936,14938,14940],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,14932,10940],{"class":70},[52,14934,14935],{"class":74},"available",[52,14937,71],{"class":70},[52,14939,202],{"class":66},[52,14941,5868],{"class":3295},[52,14943,14944],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,14945,100],{"class":66},[52,14947,14948],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,14949,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,14951,14952,14954,14956,14959],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,14953,135],{"class":134},[52,14955,138],{"class":66},[52,14957,14958],{"class":117},"book",[52,14960,144],{"class":66},[20,14962,14963],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[38,14965,8850],{"id":8849},[20,14967,14968],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,14970,14971],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[43,14973,14975],{"className":45,"code":14974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,14976,14977,14985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14978,14979,14981,14983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14980,8613],{"class":58},[52,14982,63],{"class":62},[52,14984,9286],{"class":66},[52,14986,14987,14989,14991,14993],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,14988,135],{"class":134},[52,14990,138],{"class":66},[52,14992,8652],{"class":117},[52,14994,144],{"class":66},[43,14996,14997],{"className":45,"code":8853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,14998,14999,15009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15000,15001,15003,15005,15007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15002,8613],{"class":58},[52,15004,63],{"class":62},[52,15006,8618],{"class":600},[52,15008,121],{"class":66},[52,15010,15011,15013,15015,15017],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15012,135],{"class":134},[52,15014,138],{"class":66},[52,15016,8652],{"class":117},[52,15018,144],{"class":66},[20,15020,15021],{},[30,15022,1509],{},[43,15024,15025],{"className":45,"code":8882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15026,15027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15028,15029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15030,8882],{"class":66},[20,15032,15033],{},"Both are correct.",[699,15035,15037],{"id":15036},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15039,15040,15042,15043,15046],{},[15,15041,3234],{}," creates an empty ",[30,15044,15045],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15048,15049,15050,114],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15051,3239],{},[43,15053,15055],{"className":45,"code":15054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15056,15057,15065,15076,15080,15094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15058,15059,15061,15063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15060,11167],{"class":58},[52,15062,63],{"class":62},[52,15064,9286],{"class":66},[52,15066,15067,15070,15072,15074],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15068,15069],{"class":58},"my_set ",[52,15071,63],{"class":62},[52,15073,655],{"class":600},[52,15075,121],{"class":66},[52,15077,15078],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15079,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15081,15082,15084,15086,15088,15090,15092],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15083,135],{"class":134},[52,15085,138],{"class":66},[52,15087,1231],{"class":600},[52,15089,138],{"class":66},[52,15091,10891],{"class":117},[52,15093,1222],{"class":66},[52,15095,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,15097,135],{"class":134},[52,15099,138],{"class":66},[52,15101,1231],{"class":600},[52,15103,138],{"class":66},[52,15105,238],{"class":117},[52,15107,1222],{"class":66},[20,15109,15110],{},[30,15111,1509],{},[43,15113,15115],{"className":45,"code":15114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15116,15117,15131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15118,15119,15121,15123,15125,15127,15129],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15120,2729],{"class":62},[52,15122,2732],{"class":1503},[52,15124,617],{"class":70},[52,15126,8268],{"class":74},[52,15128,608],{"class":70},[52,15130,2741],{"class":62},[52,15132,15133,15135,15137,15139,15141,15143],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15134,2729],{"class":62},[52,15136,2732],{"class":1503},[52,15138,617],{"class":70},[52,15140,601],{"class":74},[52,15142,608],{"class":70},[52,15144,2741],{"class":62},[38,15146,15148,15149],{"id":15147},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15150,8567],{},[20,15152,15153,15154,15156],{},"You can also use ",[15,15155,8567],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15158,15159],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[43,15161,15163],{"className":45,"code":15162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15164,15165,15205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15166,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15181,15183,15185,15187,15189,15191,15194,15196,15199,15201,15203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15168,12306],{"class":58},[52,15170,63],{"class":62},[52,15172,8618],{"class":600},[52,15174,138],{"class":66},[52,15176,7115],{"class":8623},[52,15178,63],{"class":62},[52,15180,71],{"class":70},[52,15182,12323],{"class":74},[52,15184,71],{"class":70},[52,15186,80],{"class":66},[52,15188,8636],{"class":8623},[52,15190,63],{"class":62},[52,15192,15193],{"class":947},"20",[52,15195,80],{"class":66},[52,15197,15198],{"class":8623}," active",[52,15200,63],{"class":62},[52,15202,3044],{"class":3295},[52,15204,144],{"class":66},[52,15206,15207,15209,15211,15213],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15208,135],{"class":134},[52,15210,138],{"class":66},[52,15212,13065],{"class":117},[52,15214,144],{"class":66},[20,15216,15217],{},[30,15218,1509],{},[43,15220,15222],{"className":45,"code":15221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15223,15224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15225,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250,15252,15254,15256,15258,15261,15263,15265,15267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15227,8726],{"class":66},[52,15229,608],{"class":70},[52,15231,7115],{"class":74},[52,15233,608],{"class":70},[52,15235,202],{"class":66},[52,15237,617],{"class":70},[52,15239,12323],{"class":74},[52,15241,608],{"class":70},[52,15243,80],{"class":66},[52,15245,617],{"class":70},[52,15247,8747],{"class":74},[52,15249,608],{"class":70},[52,15251,202],{"class":66},[52,15253,7237],{"class":947},[52,15255,80],{"class":66},[52,15257,617],{"class":70},[52,15259,15260],{"class":74},"active",[52,15262,608],{"class":70},[52,15264,202],{"class":66},[52,15266,3360],{"class":3295},[52,15268,100],{"class":66},[20,15270,15271],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[699,15273,15275,15276],{"id":15274},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15277,8567],{},[20,15279,15280],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[163,15282,15283,15286],{},[166,15284,15285],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[166,15287,15288],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15290,6134],{},[43,15292,15294],{"className":45,"code":15293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15295,15296,15326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15297,15298,15300,15302,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316,15318,15320,15322,15324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15299,10930],{"class":58},[52,15301,63],{"class":62},[52,15303,8618],{"class":600},[52,15305,138],{"class":66},[52,15307,7115],{"class":8623},[52,15309,63],{"class":62},[52,15311,71],{"class":70},[52,15313,7124],{"class":74},[52,15315,71],{"class":70},[52,15317,80],{"class":66},[52,15319,8636],{"class":8623},[52,15321,63],{"class":62},[52,15323,8641],{"class":947},[52,15325,144],{"class":66},[52,15327,15328,15330,15332,15334],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15329,135],{"class":134},[52,15331,138],{"class":66},[52,15333,11024],{"class":117},[52,15335,144],{"class":66},[20,15337,4071,15338,15340],{},[30,15339,32],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[43,15342,15344],{"className":45,"code":15343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15345,15346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15347,15348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15349,15343],{"class":3105},[20,15351,15352],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15354,15355],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[43,15357,15359],{"className":45,"code":15358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15360,15361,15369,15385,15389,15393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15362,15363,15365,15367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15364,10930],{"class":58},[52,15366,63],{"class":62},[52,15368,10935],{"class":66},[52,15370,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15372,10940],{"class":70},[52,15374,9942],{"class":74},[52,15376,71],{"class":70},[52,15378,202],{"class":66},[52,15380,83],{"class":70},[52,15382,7124],{"class":74},[52,15384,2797],{"class":70},[52,15386,15387],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15388,100],{"class":66},[52,15390,15391],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15392,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15394,15395,15397,15399,15401],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,15396,135],{"class":134},[52,15398,138],{"class":66},[52,15400,11024],{"class":117},[52,15402,144],{"class":66},[38,15404,8892],{"id":8891},[20,15406,15407,15409],{},[15,15408,8567],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15411,15412],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[43,15414,15416],{"className":45,"code":15415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15417,15418,15475,15479,15493,15497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15419,15420,15422,15424,15426,15428,15430,15432,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15471,15473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15421,8663],{"class":58},[52,15423,63],{"class":62},[52,15425,8668],{"class":66},[52,15427,71],{"class":70},[52,15429,7115],{"class":74},[52,15431,71],{"class":70},[52,15433,80],{"class":66},[52,15435,83],{"class":70},[52,15437,12323],{"class":74},[52,15439,71],{"class":70},[52,15441,8681],{"class":66},[52,15443,8684],{"class":66},[52,15445,71],{"class":70},[52,15447,8747],{"class":74},[52,15449,71],{"class":70},[52,15451,80],{"class":66},[52,15453,7237],{"class":947},[52,15455,8681],{"class":66},[52,15457,8684],{"class":66},[52,15459,71],{"class":70},[52,15461,9857],{"class":74},[52,15463,71],{"class":70},[52,15465,80],{"class":66},[52,15467,83],{"class":70},[52,15469,15470],{"class":74},"Lima",[52,15472,71],{"class":70},[52,15474,8697],{"class":66},[52,15476,15477],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15478,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15480,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15482,12306],{"class":58},[52,15484,63],{"class":62},[52,15486,8618],{"class":600},[52,15488,138],{"class":66},[52,15490,8710],{"class":117},[52,15492,144],{"class":66},[52,15494,15495],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15496,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15498,15499,15501,15503,15505],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,15500,135],{"class":134},[52,15502,138],{"class":66},[52,15504,13065],{"class":117},[52,15506,144],{"class":66},[20,15508,15509],{},[30,15510,1509],{},[43,15512,15514],{"className":45,"code":15513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15515,15516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15517,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532,15534,15536,15538,15540,15542,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556,15558,15560,15562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15519,8726],{"class":66},[52,15521,608],{"class":70},[52,15523,7115],{"class":74},[52,15525,608],{"class":70},[52,15527,202],{"class":66},[52,15529,617],{"class":70},[52,15531,12323],{"class":74},[52,15533,608],{"class":70},[52,15535,80],{"class":66},[52,15537,617],{"class":70},[52,15539,8747],{"class":74},[52,15541,608],{"class":70},[52,15543,202],{"class":66},[52,15545,7237],{"class":947},[52,15547,80],{"class":66},[52,15549,617],{"class":70},[52,15551,9857],{"class":74},[52,15553,608],{"class":70},[52,15555,202],{"class":66},[52,15557,617],{"class":70},[52,15559,15470],{"class":74},[52,15561,608],{"class":70},[52,15563,100],{"class":66},[20,15565,15566],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[43,15568,15570],{"className":45,"code":15569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15571,15572,15613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15573,15574,15576,15578,15580,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15575,12306],{"class":58},[52,15577,63],{"class":62},[52,15579,8618],{"class":600},[52,15581,15582],{"class":66},"(((",[52,15584,71],{"class":70},[52,15586,7115],{"class":74},[52,15588,71],{"class":70},[52,15590,80],{"class":66},[52,15592,83],{"class":70},[52,15594,12323],{"class":74},[52,15596,71],{"class":70},[52,15598,8681],{"class":66},[52,15600,8684],{"class":66},[52,15602,71],{"class":70},[52,15604,8747],{"class":74},[52,15606,71],{"class":70},[52,15608,80],{"class":66},[52,15610,7237],{"class":947},[52,15612,2350],{"class":66},[52,15614,15615,15617,15619,15621],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15616,135],{"class":134},[52,15618,138],{"class":66},[52,15620,13065],{"class":117},[52,15622,144],{"class":66},[20,15624,15625],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[38,15627,15629],{"id":15628},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15631,15632],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[163,15634,15635,15638,15641,15644],{},[166,15636,15637],{},"Keys must be unique",[166,15639,15640],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[166,15642,15643],{},"Values can repeat",[166,15645,15646],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[699,15648,15650],{"id":15649},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[43,15652,15654],{"className":45,"code":15653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15655,15656,15664,15682,15699,15703,15707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15657,15658,15660,15662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15659,8613],{"class":58},[52,15661,63],{"class":62},[52,15663,10935],{"class":66},[52,15665,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15678,15680],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15667,10940],{"class":70},[52,15669,7115],{"class":74},[52,15671,71],{"class":70},[52,15673,202],{"class":66},[52,15675,83],{"class":70},[52,15677,12323],{"class":74},[52,15679,71],{"class":70},[52,15681,10956],{"class":66},[52,15683,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694,15697],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15685,10940],{"class":70},[52,15687,7115],{"class":74},[52,15689,71],{"class":70},[52,15691,202],{"class":66},[52,15693,83],{"class":70},[52,15695,15696],{"class":74},"Maria",[52,15698,2797],{"class":70},[52,15700,15701],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15702,100],{"class":66},[52,15704,15705],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,15706,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15708,15709,15711,15713,15715],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,15710,135],{"class":134},[52,15712,138],{"class":66},[52,15714,8652],{"class":117},[52,15716,144],{"class":66},[20,15718,15719],{},[30,15720,1509],{},[43,15722,15724],{"className":45,"code":15723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15725,15726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15727,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15729,8726],{"class":66},[52,15731,608],{"class":70},[52,15733,7115],{"class":74},[52,15735,608],{"class":70},[52,15737,202],{"class":66},[52,15739,617],{"class":70},[52,15741,15696],{"class":74},[52,15743,608],{"class":70},[52,15745,100],{"class":66},[20,15747,15748],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[699,15750,15752],{"id":15751},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[43,15754,15756],{"className":45,"code":15755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15757,15758,15766,15782,15798,15812,15816,15820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15759,15760,15762,15764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15761,4507],{"class":58},[52,15763,63],{"class":62},[52,15765,10935],{"class":66},[52,15767,15768,15771,15773,15775,15778,15780],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15769,15770],{"class":947},"    1",[52,15772,202],{"class":66},[52,15774,83],{"class":70},[52,15776,15777],{"class":74},"low",[52,15779,71],{"class":70},[52,15781,10956],{"class":66},[52,15783,15784,15787,15789,15791,15794,15796],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15785,15786],{"class":947},"    2",[52,15788,202],{"class":66},[52,15790,83],{"class":70},[52,15792,15793],{"class":74},"medium",[52,15795,71],{"class":70},[52,15797,10956],{"class":66},[52,15799,15800,15803,15805,15807,15810],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15801,15802],{"class":947},"    3",[52,15804,202],{"class":66},[52,15806,83],{"class":70},[52,15808,15809],{"class":74},"high",[52,15811,2797],{"class":70},[52,15813,15814],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,15815,100],{"class":66},[52,15817,15818],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,15819,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15821,15822,15824,15826,15829],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,15823,135],{"class":134},[52,15825,138],{"class":66},[52,15827,15828],{"class":117},"scores",[52,15830,144],{"class":66},[699,15832,15834],{"id":15833},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15836,15837],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15839,15840],{},"This will cause an error:",[43,15842,15844],{"className":45,"code":15843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15845,15846,15851,15856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15847,15848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15849,15850],{"class":3105},"# bad = {\n",[52,15852,15853],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15854,15855],{"class":3105},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[52,15857,15858],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15859,15860],{"class":3105},"# }\n",[20,15862,15863],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[43,15865,15867],{"className":45,"code":15866,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15868,15869,15878,15898,15902,15906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15870,15871,15874,15876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15872,15873],{"class":58},"good ",[52,15875,63],{"class":62},[52,15877,10935],{"class":66},[52,15879,15880,15883,15885,15887,15889,15892,15894,15896],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15881,15882],{"class":66},"    (",[52,15884,948],{"class":947},[52,15886,80],{"class":66},[52,15888,953],{"class":947},[52,15890,15891],{"class":66},"):",[52,15893,83],{"class":70},[52,15895,1037],{"class":74},[52,15897,2797],{"class":70},[52,15899,15900],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15901,100],{"class":66},[52,15903,15904],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15905,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,15907,15908,15910,15912,15915],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,15909,135],{"class":134},[52,15911,138],{"class":66},[52,15913,15914],{"class":117},"good",[52,15916,144],{"class":66},[38,15918,15920],{"id":15919},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15922,15923],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15925,15926],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[163,15928,15929,15932,15934,15937],{},[166,15930,15931],{},"user data",[166,15933,13324],{},[166,15935,15936],{},"counters",[166,15938,15939],{},"lookups",[20,15941,267],{},[43,15943,15945],{"className":45,"code":15944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15946,15947,15955,15974,15993,16005,16009,16013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15948,15949,15951,15953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15950,10930],{"class":58},[52,15952,63],{"class":62},[52,15954,10935],{"class":66},[52,15956,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15970,15972],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,15958,10940],{"class":70},[52,15960,7432],{"class":74},[52,15962,71],{"class":70},[52,15964,202],{"class":66},[52,15966,83],{"class":70},[52,15968,15969],{"class":74},"ana123",[52,15971,71],{"class":70},[52,15973,10956],{"class":66},[52,15975,15976,15978,15980,15982,15984,15986,15989,15991],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,15977,10940],{"class":70},[52,15979,14699],{"class":74},[52,15981,71],{"class":70},[52,15983,202],{"class":66},[52,15985,83],{"class":70},[52,15987,15988],{"class":74},"ana@example.com",[52,15990,71],{"class":70},[52,15992,10956],{"class":66},[52,15994,15995,15997,15999,16001,16003],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,15996,10940],{"class":70},[52,15998,11958],{"class":74},[52,16000,71],{"class":70},[52,16002,202],{"class":66},[52,16004,5868],{"class":3295},[52,16006,16007],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,16008,100],{"class":66},[52,16010,16011],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,16012,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,16014,16015,16017,16019,16021,16023,16025,16027,16029],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,16016,135],{"class":134},[52,16018,138],{"class":66},[52,16020,11024],{"class":117},[52,16022,3344],{"class":66},[52,16024,71],{"class":70},[52,16026,14699],{"class":74},[52,16028,71],{"class":70},[52,16030,3332],{"class":66},[20,16032,16033,16034,114],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[221,16035,16037],{"href":16036},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16039,16040],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[163,16042,16043,16046,16049],{},[166,16044,16045],{},"labels are not needed",[166,16047,16048],{},"you mostly care about position",[166,16050,16051],{},"order matters more than named fields",[38,16053,1158],{"id":1157},[20,16055,16056],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[163,16058,16059,16062,16065,16068,16071],{},[166,16060,16061],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[166,16063,16064],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[166,16066,16067],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[166,16069,16070],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[166,16072,16073,16074,16076],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16075,3234],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[699,16078,16080],{"id":16079},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16082,16083],{},"Wrong:",[43,16085,16087],{"className":45,"code":16086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16088,16089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16090,16091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16092,16086],{"class":3105},[20,16094,16095],{},"Correct:",[43,16097,16099],{"className":45,"code":16098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16100,16101,16125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16102,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16104,12306],{"class":58},[52,16106,63],{"class":62},[52,16108,67],{"class":66},[52,16110,71],{"class":70},[52,16112,7115],{"class":74},[52,16114,71],{"class":70},[52,16116,202],{"class":66},[52,16118,83],{"class":70},[52,16120,12323],{"class":74},[52,16122,71],{"class":70},[52,16124,100],{"class":66},[52,16126,16127,16129,16131,16133],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16128,135],{"class":134},[52,16130,138],{"class":66},[52,16132,13065],{"class":117},[52,16134,144],{"class":66},[699,16136,16138],{"id":16137},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16140,16083],{},[43,16142,16144],{"className":45,"code":16143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16145,16146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16147,16148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16149,16143],{"class":3105},[20,16151,16152,16153,16155,16156,16158],{},"This only works if ",[15,16154,7115],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16157,14680],{},", use quotes.",[20,16160,16095],{},[43,16162,16163],{"className":45,"code":16098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,16164,16165,16189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16166,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16168,12306],{"class":58},[52,16170,63],{"class":62},[52,16172,67],{"class":66},[52,16174,71],{"class":70},[52,16176,7115],{"class":74},[52,16178,71],{"class":70},[52,16180,202],{"class":66},[52,16182,83],{"class":70},[52,16184,12323],{"class":74},[52,16186,71],{"class":70},[52,16188,100],{"class":66},[52,16190,16191,16193,16195,16197],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16192,135],{"class":134},[52,16194,138],{"class":66},[52,16196,13065],{"class":117},[52,16198,144],{"class":66},[699,16200,16202],{"id":16201},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[43,16204,16206],{"className":45,"code":16205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16207,16208,16240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16209,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16211,8613],{"class":58},[52,16213,63],{"class":62},[52,16215,67],{"class":66},[52,16217,71],{"class":70},[52,16219,8747],{"class":74},[52,16221,71],{"class":70},[52,16223,202],{"class":66},[52,16225,7237],{"class":947},[52,16227,80],{"class":66},[52,16229,83],{"class":70},[52,16231,8747],{"class":74},[52,16233,71],{"class":70},[52,16235,202],{"class":66},[52,16237,7242],{"class":947},[52,16239,100],{"class":66},[52,16241,16242,16244,16246,16248],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16243,135],{"class":134},[52,16245,138],{"class":66},[52,16247,8652],{"class":117},[52,16249,144],{"class":66},[20,16251,16252],{},[30,16253,1509],{},[43,16255,16257],{"className":45,"code":16256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16258,16259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16260,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16262,8726],{"class":66},[52,16264,608],{"class":70},[52,16266,8747],{"class":74},[52,16268,608],{"class":70},[52,16270,202],{"class":66},[52,16272,7242],{"class":947},[52,16274,100],{"class":66},[38,16276,16278],{"id":16277},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16280,16281],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[43,16283,16285],{"className":45,"code":16284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16286,16287,16323,16327,16337,16351,16366,16380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16288,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297,16299,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16290,11167],{"class":58},[52,16292,63],{"class":62},[52,16294,67],{"class":66},[52,16296,71],{"class":70},[52,16298,7115],{"class":74},[52,16300,71],{"class":70},[52,16302,202],{"class":66},[52,16304,83],{"class":70},[52,16306,12323],{"class":74},[52,16308,71],{"class":70},[52,16310,80],{"class":66},[52,16312,83],{"class":70},[52,16314,8747],{"class":74},[52,16316,71],{"class":70},[52,16318,202],{"class":66},[52,16320,7237],{"class":947},[52,16322,100],{"class":66},[52,16324,16325],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16326,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,16328,16329,16331,16333,16335],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,16330,135],{"class":134},[52,16332,138],{"class":66},[52,16334,10891],{"class":117},[52,16336,144],{"class":66},[52,16338,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16340,135],{"class":134},[52,16342,138],{"class":66},[52,16344,1231],{"class":600},[52,16346,138],{"class":66},[52,16348,10891],{"class":117},[52,16350,1222],{"class":66},[52,16352,16353,16355,16357,16359,16361,16364],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,16354,135],{"class":134},[52,16356,138],{"class":66},[52,16358,10891],{"class":117},[52,16360,114],{"class":66},[52,16362,16363],{"class":117},"keys",[52,16365,6640],{"class":66},[52,16367,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,16369,135],{"class":134},[52,16371,138],{"class":66},[52,16373,10891],{"class":117},[52,16375,114],{"class":66},[52,16377,4804],{"class":117},[52,16379,6640],{"class":66},[52,16381,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,16383,135],{"class":134},[52,16385,138],{"class":66},[52,16387,1215],{"class":134},[52,16389,138],{"class":66},[52,16391,10891],{"class":117},[52,16393,1222],{"class":66},[20,16395,16396],{},[30,16397,16398],{},"Example output:",[43,16400,16402],{"className":45,"code":16401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16403,16404,16436,16450,16473,16492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16405,16406,16408,16410,16412,16414,16416,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16407,8726],{"class":66},[52,16409,608],{"class":70},[52,16411,7115],{"class":74},[52,16413,608],{"class":70},[52,16415,202],{"class":66},[52,16417,617],{"class":70},[52,16419,12323],{"class":74},[52,16421,608],{"class":70},[52,16423,80],{"class":66},[52,16425,617],{"class":70},[52,16427,8747],{"class":74},[52,16429,608],{"class":70},[52,16431,202],{"class":66},[52,16433,7237],{"class":947},[52,16435,100],{"class":66},[52,16437,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446,16448],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16439,2729],{"class":62},[52,16441,2732],{"class":1503},[52,16443,617],{"class":70},[52,16445,8268],{"class":74},[52,16447,608],{"class":70},[52,16449,2741],{"class":62},[52,16451,16452,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,16453,16454],{"class":117},"dict_keys",[52,16456,2424],{"class":66},[52,16458,608],{"class":70},[52,16460,7115],{"class":74},[52,16462,608],{"class":70},[52,16464,80],{"class":66},[52,16466,617],{"class":70},[52,16468,8747],{"class":74},[52,16470,608],{"class":70},[52,16472,3332],{"class":66},[52,16474,16475,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16476,16477],{"class":117},"dict_values",[52,16479,2424],{"class":66},[52,16481,608],{"class":70},[52,16483,12323],{"class":74},[52,16485,608],{"class":70},[52,16487,80],{"class":66},[52,16489,7237],{"class":947},[52,16491,3332],{"class":66},[52,16493,16494],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,16495,16496],{"class":947},"2\n",[20,16498,16499,16500,1627,16506,16512,16513,114],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[221,16501,10182,16503],{"href":16502},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16504,16505],{},"keys()",[221,16507,10182,16509],{"href":16508},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16510,16511],{},"values()",", and ",[221,16514,10182,16516],{"href":16515},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16517,16518],{},"items()",[38,16520,1273],{"id":1272},[699,16522,16524],{"id":16523},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16526,799,16527,456,16529,16531],{},[15,16528,3234],{},[15,16530,8567],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[699,16533,16535],{"id":16534},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16537,16538,16539,114],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16540,16541],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[699,16543,16545],{"id":16544},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16547,16548],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[699,16550,16552],{"id":16551},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16554,16555],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[699,16557,4624,16559,803,16561,1293],{"id":16558},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16560,3234],{},[15,16562,8567],{},[20,16564,16565,16567,16568,16570],{},[15,16566,3234],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16569,8567],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[38,16572,1332],{"id":1331},[163,16574,16575,16579,16585,16589,16595],{},[166,16576,16577],{},[221,16578,8603],{"href":8602},[166,16580,16581],{},[221,16582,10182,16583,1070],{"href":10181},[15,16584,10185],{},[166,16586,16587],{},[221,16588,10694],{"href":10176},[166,16590,16591],{},[221,16592,16594],{"href":16593},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[166,16596,16597],{},[221,16598,1356],{"href":695},[20,16600,16601],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1364,16603,16604],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":16606},[16607,16608,16609,16610,16613,16616,16621,16622,16627,16628,16633,16634,16642],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":14620,"depth":103,"text":14608},{"id":14705,"depth":103,"text":14706,"children":16611},[16612],{"id":14857,"depth":124,"text":14858},{"id":8849,"depth":103,"text":8850,"children":16614},[16615],{"id":15036,"depth":124,"text":15037},{"id":15147,"depth":103,"text":16617,"children":16618},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16619],{"id":15274,"depth":124,"text":16620},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8891,"depth":103,"text":8892},{"id":15628,"depth":103,"text":15629,"children":16623},[16624,16625,16626],{"id":15649,"depth":124,"text":15650},{"id":15751,"depth":124,"text":15752},{"id":15833,"depth":124,"text":15834},{"id":15919,"depth":103,"text":15920},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":16629},[16630,16631,16632],{"id":16079,"depth":124,"text":16080},{"id":16137,"depth":124,"text":16138},{"id":16201,"depth":124,"text":16202},{"id":16277,"depth":103,"text":16278},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":16635},[16636,16637,16638,16639,16640],{"id":16523,"depth":124,"text":16524},{"id":16534,"depth":124,"text":16535},{"id":16544,"depth":124,"text":16545},{"id":16551,"depth":124,"text":16552},{"id":16558,"depth":124,"text":16641},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14445,"description":16643},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16649,"title":16650,"body":16651,"description":19100,"extension":1401,"meta":19101,"navigation":127,"path":19102,"seo":19103,"stem":19104,"__hash__":19105},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16652,"toc":19056},[16653,16659,16665,16668,16671,16673,16755,16761,16766,16770,16788,16800,16805,16809,16832,16836,16848,16856,16860,16866,16868,16871,16944,16946,16991,16993,17010,17015,17021,17026,17100,17102,17147,17150,17161,17163,17282,17284,17337,17344,17348,17351,17368,17374,17378,17476,17478,17530,17537,17541,17547,17550,17553,17580,17585,17589,17592,17696,17698,17743,17746,17749,17754,17759,17770,17772,17833,17893,17899,17907,17913,17918,17923,17983,17987,18054,18057,18061,18132,18135,18148,18155,18157,18161,18165,18236,18238,18275,18278,18281,18344,18351,18354,18396,18406,18409,18478,18484,18489,18573,18575,18624,18631,18637,18682,18684,18717,18722,18726,18732,18771,18815,18883,18926,18928,18934,18937,18941,18946,18950,18953,18957,18959,19020,19022,19048,19053],[10,16654,10760,16656,18],{"id":16655},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16657,16658],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16660,16661,16664],{},[15,16662,16663],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16666,16667],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16669,16670],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[38,16672,41],{"id":40},[43,16674,16676],{"className":45,"code":16675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16677,16678,16711,16739,16750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16679,16680,16683,16685,16687,16689,16691,16693,16695,16697,16699,16701,16703,16705,16707,16709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16681,16682],{"class":58},"keys ",[52,16684,63],{"class":62},[52,16686,3063],{"class":66},[52,16688,71],{"class":70},[52,16690,7115],{"class":74},[52,16692,71],{"class":70},[52,16694,80],{"class":66},[52,16696,83],{"class":70},[52,16698,8747],{"class":74},[52,16700,71],{"class":70},[52,16702,80],{"class":66},[52,16704,83],{"class":70},[52,16706,9857],{"class":74},[52,16708,71],{"class":70},[52,16710,3076],{"class":66},[52,16712,16713,16715,16717,16719,16721,16724,16726,16728,16730,16732,16735,16737],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16714,12643],{"class":58},[52,16716,63],{"class":62},[52,16718,8618],{"class":600},[52,16720,114],{"class":66},[52,16722,16723],{"class":117},"fromkeys",[52,16725,138],{"class":66},[52,16727,16363],{"class":117},[52,16729,80],{"class":66},[52,16731,83],{"class":70},[52,16733,16734],{"class":74},"unknown",[52,16736,71],{"class":70},[52,16738,144],{"class":66},[52,16740,16741,16743,16745,16748],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,16742,135],{"class":134},[52,16744,138],{"class":66},[52,16746,16747],{"class":117},"person",[52,16749,144],{"class":66},[52,16751,16752],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16753,16754],{"class":3105},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16756,799,16757,16760],{},[15,16758,16759],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[38,16762,194,16764,197],{"id":16763},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16765,16663],{},[20,16767,16768,202],{},[15,16769,16663],{},[163,16771,16772,16775,16778,16781],{},[166,16773,16774],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[166,16776,16777],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[166,16779,16780],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[166,16782,16783,16784,16787],{},"Is called as ",[15,16785,16786],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16789,16790,16791,16793,16794,16796,16797,114],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16792,8268],{},", so you write ",[15,16795,16786],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16798,16799],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16801,16802,16803,114],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[221,16804,8603],{"href":12466},[38,16806,16808],{"id":16807},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[43,16810,16812],{"className":45,"code":16811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16813,16814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16815,16816,16818,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16817,8268],{"class":600},[52,16819,114],{"class":66},[52,16821,16723],{"class":117},[52,16823,138],{"class":66},[52,16825,3162],{"class":117},[52,16827,80],{"class":66},[52,16829,7880],{"class":117},[52,16831,144],{"class":66},[699,16833,16835],{"id":16834},"parameters","Parameters",[163,16837,16838,16843],{},[166,16839,16840,16842],{},[15,16841,3162],{},": the keys to use",[166,16844,16845,16847],{},[15,16846,985],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16849,16850,16851,16853,16854,114],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16852,985],{},", each key gets ",[15,16855,3220],{},[699,16857,16859],{"id":16858},"return-value","Return value",[20,16861,16862,16863,114],{},"It returns a ",[30,16864,16865],{},"new dictionary",[38,16867,5234],{"id":5233},[20,16869,16870],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[43,16872,16874],{"className":45,"code":16873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16875,16876,16908,16930,16934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16877,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16879,16682],{"class":58},[52,16881,63],{"class":62},[52,16883,3063],{"class":66},[52,16885,71],{"class":70},[52,16887,286],{"class":74},[52,16889,71],{"class":70},[52,16891,80],{"class":66},[52,16893,83],{"class":70},[52,16895,304],{"class":74},[52,16897,71],{"class":70},[52,16899,80],{"class":66},[52,16901,83],{"class":70},[52,16903,295],{"class":74},[52,16905,71],{"class":70},[52,16907,3076],{"class":66},[52,16909,16910,16912,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926,16928],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,16911,277],{"class":58},[52,16913,63],{"class":62},[52,16915,8618],{"class":600},[52,16917,114],{"class":66},[52,16919,16723],{"class":117},[52,16921,138],{"class":66},[52,16923,16363],{"class":117},[52,16925,80],{"class":66},[52,16927,3276],{"class":947},[52,16929,144],{"class":66},[52,16931,16932],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,16933,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,16935,16936,16938,16940,16942],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,16937,135],{"class":134},[52,16939,138],{"class":66},[52,16941,348],{"class":117},[52,16943,144],{"class":66},[20,16945,1509],{},[43,16947,16949],{"className":45,"code":16948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16950,16951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16952,16953,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16979,16981,16983,16985,16987,16989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16954,8726],{"class":66},[52,16956,608],{"class":70},[52,16958,286],{"class":74},[52,16960,608],{"class":70},[52,16962,202],{"class":66},[52,16964,3276],{"class":947},[52,16966,80],{"class":66},[52,16968,617],{"class":70},[52,16970,304],{"class":74},[52,16972,608],{"class":70},[52,16974,202],{"class":66},[52,16976,3276],{"class":947},[52,16978,80],{"class":66},[52,16980,617],{"class":70},[52,16982,295],{"class":74},[52,16984,608],{"class":70},[52,16986,202],{"class":66},[52,16988,3276],{"class":947},[52,16990,100],{"class":66},[20,16992,11126],{},[163,16994,16995,17000,17005],{},[166,16996,16997,16999],{},[15,16998,16363],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[166,17001,17002,17004],{},[15,17003,1558],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[166,17006,17007,17009],{},[15,17008,16663],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17011,17012,17013,114],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[221,17014,8839],{"href":12469},[38,17016,1185,17018,17020],{"id":17017},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17019,16658],{}," without a value",[20,17022,17023,17024,114],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17025,3220],{},[43,17027,17029],{"className":45,"code":17028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17030,17031,17065,17085,17089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17032,17033,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17061,17063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17034,17035],{"class":58},"fields ",[52,17037,63],{"class":62},[52,17039,3063],{"class":66},[52,17041,71],{"class":70},[52,17043,7432],{"class":74},[52,17045,71],{"class":70},[52,17047,80],{"class":66},[52,17049,83],{"class":70},[52,17051,14699],{"class":74},[52,17053,71],{"class":70},[52,17055,80],{"class":66},[52,17057,83],{"class":70},[52,17059,17060],{"class":74},"password",[52,17062,71],{"class":70},[52,17064,3076],{"class":66},[52,17066,17067,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17083],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17068,17069],{"class":58},"user_data ",[52,17071,63],{"class":62},[52,17073,8618],{"class":600},[52,17075,114],{"class":66},[52,17077,16723],{"class":117},[52,17079,138],{"class":66},[52,17081,17082],{"class":117},"fields",[52,17084,144],{"class":66},[52,17086,17087],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,17088,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17090,17091,17093,17095,17098],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17092,135],{"class":134},[52,17094,138],{"class":66},[52,17096,17097],{"class":117},"user_data",[52,17099,144],{"class":66},[20,17101,1509],{},[43,17103,17105],{"className":45,"code":17104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17106,17107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17108,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17110,8726],{"class":66},[52,17112,608],{"class":70},[52,17114,7432],{"class":74},[52,17116,608],{"class":70},[52,17118,202],{"class":66},[52,17120,3296],{"class":3295},[52,17122,80],{"class":66},[52,17124,617],{"class":70},[52,17126,14699],{"class":74},[52,17128,608],{"class":70},[52,17130,202],{"class":66},[52,17132,3296],{"class":3295},[52,17134,80],{"class":66},[52,17136,617],{"class":70},[52,17138,17060],{"class":74},[52,17140,608],{"class":70},[52,17142,202],{"class":66},[52,17144,3296],{"class":3295},[52,17146,100],{"class":66},[20,17148,17149],{},"This is useful when:",[163,17151,17152,17155,17158],{},[166,17153,17154],{},"You want to create the keys first",[166,17156,17157],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[166,17159,17160],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17162,267],{},[43,17164,17166],{"className":45,"code":17165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17167,17168,17200,17218,17222,17245,17268,17272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17169,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17184,17186,17188,17190,17192,17194,17196,17198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17171,17035],{"class":58},[52,17173,63],{"class":62},[52,17175,3063],{"class":66},[52,17177,71],{"class":70},[52,17179,7432],{"class":74},[52,17181,71],{"class":70},[52,17183,80],{"class":66},[52,17185,83],{"class":70},[52,17187,14699],{"class":74},[52,17189,71],{"class":70},[52,17191,80],{"class":66},[52,17193,83],{"class":70},[52,17195,17060],{"class":74},[52,17197,71],{"class":70},[52,17199,3076],{"class":66},[52,17201,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17203,17069],{"class":58},[52,17205,63],{"class":62},[52,17207,8618],{"class":600},[52,17209,114],{"class":66},[52,17211,16723],{"class":117},[52,17213,138],{"class":66},[52,17215,17082],{"class":117},[52,17217,144],{"class":66},[52,17219,17220],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,17221,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17223,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17243],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17225,17097],{"class":58},[52,17227,3344],{"class":66},[52,17229,71],{"class":70},[52,17231,7432],{"class":74},[52,17233,71],{"class":70},[52,17235,12712],{"class":66},[52,17237,12715],{"class":62},[52,17239,83],{"class":70},[52,17241,17242],{"class":74},"alice",[52,17244,2797],{"class":70},[52,17246,17247,17249,17251,17253,17255,17257,17259,17261,17263,17266],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,17248,17097],{"class":58},[52,17250,3344],{"class":66},[52,17252,71],{"class":70},[52,17254,14699],{"class":74},[52,17256,71],{"class":70},[52,17258,12712],{"class":66},[52,17260,12715],{"class":62},[52,17262,83],{"class":70},[52,17264,17265],{"class":74},"alice@example.com",[52,17267,2797],{"class":70},[52,17269,17270],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,17271,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17273,17274,17276,17278,17280],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,17275,135],{"class":134},[52,17277,138],{"class":66},[52,17279,17097],{"class":117},[52,17281,144],{"class":66},[20,17283,1509],{},[43,17285,17287],{"className":45,"code":17286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17288,17289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17290,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303,17305,17307,17309,17311,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17292,8726],{"class":66},[52,17294,608],{"class":70},[52,17296,7432],{"class":74},[52,17298,608],{"class":70},[52,17300,202],{"class":66},[52,17302,617],{"class":70},[52,17304,17242],{"class":74},[52,17306,608],{"class":70},[52,17308,80],{"class":66},[52,17310,617],{"class":70},[52,17312,14699],{"class":74},[52,17314,608],{"class":70},[52,17316,202],{"class":66},[52,17318,617],{"class":70},[52,17320,17265],{"class":74},[52,17322,608],{"class":70},[52,17324,80],{"class":66},[52,17326,617],{"class":70},[52,17328,17060],{"class":74},[52,17330,608],{"class":70},[52,17332,202],{"class":66},[52,17334,3296],{"class":3295},[52,17336,100],{"class":66},[20,17338,17339,17340,114],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[221,17341,17343],{"href":17342},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[38,17345,17347],{"id":17346},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17349,17350],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[163,17352,17353,17358,17363],{},[166,17354,17355,17357],{},[15,17356,3229],{}," (list)",[166,17359,17360,17362],{},[15,17361,3234],{}," (dictionary)",[166,17364,17365,17367],{},[15,17366,3239],{}," (set)",[20,17369,17370,17371,114],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,17372,17373],{},"same object",[699,17375,17377],{"id":17376},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[43,17379,17381],{"className":45,"code":17380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17382,17383,17415,17436,17440,17462,17466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17384,17385,17387,17389,17391,17393,17395,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17386,16682],{"class":58},[52,17388,63],{"class":62},[52,17390,3063],{"class":66},[52,17392,71],{"class":70},[52,17394,221],{"class":74},[52,17396,71],{"class":70},[52,17398,80],{"class":66},[52,17400,83],{"class":70},[52,17402,4204],{"class":74},[52,17404,71],{"class":70},[52,17406,80],{"class":66},[52,17408,83],{"class":70},[52,17410,9187],{"class":74},[52,17412,71],{"class":70},[52,17414,3076],{"class":66},[52,17416,17417,17419,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17418,8613],{"class":58},[52,17420,63],{"class":62},[52,17422,8618],{"class":600},[52,17424,114],{"class":66},[52,17426,16723],{"class":117},[52,17428,138],{"class":66},[52,17430,16363],{"class":117},[52,17432,80],{"class":66},[52,17434,17435],{"class":66}," [])\n",[52,17437,17438],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,17439,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17441,17442,17444,17446,17448,17450,17452,17454,17456,17458,17460],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17443,8652],{"class":58},[52,17445,3344],{"class":66},[52,17447,71],{"class":70},[52,17449,221],{"class":74},[52,17451,71],{"class":70},[52,17453,12989],{"class":66},[52,17455,12992],{"class":117},[52,17457,138],{"class":66},[52,17459,948],{"class":947},[52,17461,144],{"class":66},[52,17463,17464],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,17465,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17467,17468,17470,17472,17474],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,17469,135],{"class":134},[52,17471,138],{"class":66},[52,17473,8652],{"class":117},[52,17475,144],{"class":66},[20,17477,1509],{},[43,17479,17481],{"className":45,"code":17480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17482,17483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17484,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497,17499,17502,17504,17506,17508,17510,17512,17514,17516,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17486,8726],{"class":66},[52,17488,608],{"class":70},[52,17490,221],{"class":74},[52,17492,608],{"class":70},[52,17494,202],{"class":66},[52,17496,3063],{"class":66},[52,17498,948],{"class":947},[52,17500,17501],{"class":66},"],",[52,17503,617],{"class":70},[52,17505,4204],{"class":74},[52,17507,608],{"class":70},[52,17509,202],{"class":66},[52,17511,3063],{"class":66},[52,17513,948],{"class":947},[52,17515,17501],{"class":66},[52,17517,617],{"class":70},[52,17519,9187],{"class":74},[52,17521,608],{"class":70},[52,17523,202],{"class":66},[52,17525,3063],{"class":66},[52,17527,948],{"class":947},[52,17529,13145],{"class":66},[20,17531,17532,17533,17536],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17534,17535],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[699,17538,17540],{"id":17539},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17542,17543,17546],{},[15,17544,17545],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17548,17549],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17551,17552],{},"So this:",[43,17554,17556],{"className":45,"code":17555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17557,17558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17559,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17561,8652],{"class":58},[52,17563,3344],{"class":66},[52,17565,71],{"class":70},[52,17567,221],{"class":74},[52,17569,71],{"class":70},[52,17571,12989],{"class":66},[52,17573,12992],{"class":117},[52,17575,138],{"class":66},[52,17577,948],{"class":947},[52,17579,144],{"class":66},[20,17581,17582,17583,114],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17584,17535],{},[699,17586,17588],{"id":17587},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17590,17591],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[43,17593,17595],{"className":45,"code":17594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17596,17597,17629,17656,17660,17682,17686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17598,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17600,16682],{"class":58},[52,17602,63],{"class":62},[52,17604,3063],{"class":66},[52,17606,71],{"class":70},[52,17608,221],{"class":74},[52,17610,71],{"class":70},[52,17612,80],{"class":66},[52,17614,83],{"class":70},[52,17616,4204],{"class":74},[52,17618,71],{"class":70},[52,17620,80],{"class":66},[52,17622,83],{"class":70},[52,17624,9187],{"class":74},[52,17626,71],{"class":70},[52,17628,3076],{"class":66},[52,17630,17631,17633,17635,17637,17639,17641,17644,17646,17649,17651,17654],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17632,8613],{"class":58},[52,17634,63],{"class":62},[52,17636,67],{"class":66},[52,17638,14281],{"class":58},[52,17640,202],{"class":66},[52,17642,17643],{"class":66}," []",[52,17645,3320],{"class":731},[52,17647,17648],{"class":58}," key ",[52,17650,3326],{"class":731},[52,17652,17653],{"class":58}," keys",[52,17655,100],{"class":66},[52,17657,17658],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,17659,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17661,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,17663,8652],{"class":58},[52,17665,3344],{"class":66},[52,17667,71],{"class":70},[52,17669,221],{"class":74},[52,17671,71],{"class":70},[52,17673,12989],{"class":66},[52,17675,12992],{"class":117},[52,17677,138],{"class":66},[52,17679,948],{"class":947},[52,17681,144],{"class":66},[52,17683,17684],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,17685,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,17687,17688,17690,17692,17694],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,17689,135],{"class":134},[52,17691,138],{"class":66},[52,17693,8652],{"class":117},[52,17695,144],{"class":66},[20,17697,1509],{},[43,17699,17701],{"className":45,"code":17700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17702,17703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17704,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17715,17717,17719,17721,17723,17725,17727,17729,17732,17734,17736,17738,17740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17706,8726],{"class":66},[52,17708,608],{"class":70},[52,17710,221],{"class":74},[52,17712,608],{"class":70},[52,17714,202],{"class":66},[52,17716,3063],{"class":66},[52,17718,948],{"class":947},[52,17720,17501],{"class":66},[52,17722,617],{"class":70},[52,17724,4204],{"class":74},[52,17726,608],{"class":70},[52,17728,202],{"class":66},[52,17730,17731],{"class":66}," [],",[52,17733,617],{"class":70},[52,17735,9187],{"class":74},[52,17737,608],{"class":70},[52,17739,202],{"class":66},[52,17741,17742],{"class":66}," []}\n",[20,17744,17745],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17747,17748],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[38,17750,894,17752],{"id":17751},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17753,16658],{},[20,17755,17756,17758],{},[15,17757,16663],{}," is a good choice when:",[163,17760,17761,17764,17767],{},[166,17762,17763],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[166,17765,17766],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[166,17768,17769],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17771,1564],{},[43,17773,17775],{"className":45,"code":17774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17776,17777,17822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17778,17779,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17797,17799,17801,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17814,17816,17818,17820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17780,17781],{"class":58},"flags ",[52,17783,63],{"class":62},[52,17785,8618],{"class":600},[52,17787,114],{"class":66},[52,17789,16723],{"class":117},[52,17791,2424],{"class":66},[52,17793,71],{"class":70},[52,17795,17796],{"class":74},"is_admin",[52,17798,71],{"class":70},[52,17800,80],{"class":66},[52,17802,83],{"class":70},[52,17804,14519],{"class":74},[52,17806,71],{"class":70},[52,17808,80],{"class":66},[52,17810,83],{"class":70},[52,17812,17813],{"class":74},"is_verified",[52,17815,71],{"class":70},[52,17817,17501],{"class":66},[52,17819,3351],{"class":3295},[52,17821,144],{"class":66},[52,17823,17824,17826,17828,17831],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17825,135],{"class":134},[52,17827,138],{"class":66},[52,17829,17830],{"class":117},"flags",[52,17832,144],{"class":66},[43,17834,17836],{"className":45,"code":17835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17837,17838,17883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17839,17840,17842,17844,17846,17848,17850,17852,17854,17857,17859,17861,17863,17866,17868,17870,17872,17875,17877,17879,17881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17841,4507],{"class":58},[52,17843,63],{"class":62},[52,17845,8618],{"class":600},[52,17847,114],{"class":66},[52,17849,16723],{"class":117},[52,17851,2424],{"class":66},[52,17853,71],{"class":70},[52,17855,17856],{"class":74},"math",[52,17858,71],{"class":70},[52,17860,80],{"class":66},[52,17862,83],{"class":70},[52,17864,17865],{"class":74},"science",[52,17867,71],{"class":70},[52,17869,80],{"class":66},[52,17871,83],{"class":70},[52,17873,17874],{"class":74},"history",[52,17876,71],{"class":70},[52,17878,17501],{"class":66},[52,17880,3276],{"class":947},[52,17882,144],{"class":66},[52,17884,17885,17887,17889,17891],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17886,135],{"class":134},[52,17888,138],{"class":66},[52,17890,15828],{"class":117},[52,17892,144],{"class":66},[20,17894,17895,17896,17898],{},"It is ",[30,17897,32],{}," the best choice when:",[163,17900,17901,17904],{},[166,17902,17903],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[166,17905,17906],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[38,17908,17910,17912],{"id":17909},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17911,16658],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17914,17915,17917],{},[15,17916,16658],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[699,17919,1185,17921],{"id":17920},"using-fromkeys",[15,17922,16658],{},[43,17924,17926],{"className":45,"code":17925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17927,17928,17973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17929,17930,17932,17934,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944,17947,17949,17951,17953,17956,17958,17960,17962,17965,17967,17969,17971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17931,13265],{"class":58},[52,17933,63],{"class":62},[52,17935,8618],{"class":600},[52,17937,114],{"class":66},[52,17939,16723],{"class":117},[52,17941,2424],{"class":66},[52,17943,71],{"class":70},[52,17945,17946],{"class":74},"sound",[52,17948,71],{"class":70},[52,17950,80],{"class":66},[52,17952,83],{"class":70},[52,17954,17955],{"class":74},"music",[52,17957,71],{"class":70},[52,17959,80],{"class":66},[52,17961,83],{"class":70},[52,17963,17964],{"class":74},"notifications",[52,17966,71],{"class":70},[52,17968,17501],{"class":66},[52,17970,3360],{"class":3295},[52,17972,144],{"class":66},[52,17974,17975,17977,17979,17981],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,17976,135],{"class":134},[52,17978,138],{"class":66},[52,17980,13324],{"class":117},[52,17982,144],{"class":66},[699,17984,17986],{"id":17985},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[43,17988,17990],{"className":45,"code":17989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17991,17992,18000,18014,18028,18040,18044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17993,17994,17996,17998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17995,13265],{"class":58},[52,17997,63],{"class":62},[52,17999,10935],{"class":66},[52,18001,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18003,10940],{"class":70},[52,18005,17946],{"class":74},[52,18007,71],{"class":70},[52,18009,202],{"class":66},[52,18011,3360],{"class":3295},[52,18013,10956],{"class":66},[52,18015,18016,18018,18020,18022,18024,18026],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18017,10940],{"class":70},[52,18019,17955],{"class":74},[52,18021,71],{"class":70},[52,18023,202],{"class":66},[52,18025,3351],{"class":3295},[52,18027,10956],{"class":66},[52,18029,18030,18032,18034,18036,18038],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18031,10940],{"class":70},[52,18033,17964],{"class":74},[52,18035,71],{"class":70},[52,18037,202],{"class":66},[52,18039,5868],{"class":3295},[52,18041,18042],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,18043,100],{"class":66},[52,18045,18046,18048,18050,18052],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,18047,135],{"class":134},[52,18049,138],{"class":66},[52,18051,13324],{"class":117},[52,18053,144],{"class":66},[20,18055,18056],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[699,18058,18060],{"id":18059},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[43,18062,18064],{"className":45,"code":18063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18065,18066,18098,18122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18067,18068,18070,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18069,16682],{"class":58},[52,18071,63],{"class":62},[52,18073,3063],{"class":66},[52,18075,71],{"class":70},[52,18077,221],{"class":74},[52,18079,71],{"class":70},[52,18081,80],{"class":66},[52,18083,83],{"class":70},[52,18085,4204],{"class":74},[52,18087,71],{"class":70},[52,18089,80],{"class":66},[52,18091,83],{"class":70},[52,18093,9187],{"class":74},[52,18095,71],{"class":70},[52,18097,3076],{"class":66},[52,18099,18100,18102,18104,18106,18108,18110,18112,18114,18116,18118,18120],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18101,8613],{"class":58},[52,18103,63],{"class":62},[52,18105,67],{"class":66},[52,18107,14281],{"class":58},[52,18109,202],{"class":66},[52,18111,17643],{"class":66},[52,18113,3320],{"class":731},[52,18115,17648],{"class":58},[52,18117,3326],{"class":731},[52,18119,17653],{"class":58},[52,18121,100],{"class":66},[52,18123,18124,18126,18128,18130],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18125,135],{"class":134},[52,18127,138],{"class":66},[52,18129,8652],{"class":117},[52,18131,144],{"class":66},[20,18133,18134],{},"Use:",[163,18136,18137,18142,18145],{},[166,18138,18139,18141],{},[15,18140,16658],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[166,18143,18144],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[166,18146,18147],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18149,18150,18151,114],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[221,18152,10182,18153,1070],{"href":13472},[15,18154,14394],{},[38,18156,1158],{"id":1157},[20,18158,14173,18159,114],{},[15,18160,16663],{},[699,18162,18164],{"id":18163},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[43,18166,18168],{"className":45,"code":18167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18169,18170,18203,18226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18171,18172,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185,18187,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199,18201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18173,18174],{"class":58},"d ",[52,18176,63],{"class":62},[52,18178,8618],{"class":600},[52,18180,114],{"class":66},[52,18182,16723],{"class":117},[52,18184,2424],{"class":66},[52,18186,71],{"class":70},[52,18188,221],{"class":74},[52,18190,71],{"class":70},[52,18192,80],{"class":66},[52,18194,83],{"class":70},[52,18196,4204],{"class":74},[52,18198,71],{"class":70},[52,18200,17501],{"class":66},[52,18202,17435],{"class":66},[52,18204,18205,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18206,18207],{"class":58},"d",[52,18209,3344],{"class":66},[52,18211,71],{"class":70},[52,18213,221],{"class":74},[52,18215,71],{"class":70},[52,18217,12989],{"class":66},[52,18219,12992],{"class":117},[52,18221,138],{"class":66},[52,18223,948],{"class":947},[52,18225,144],{"class":66},[52,18227,18228,18230,18232,18234],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18229,135],{"class":134},[52,18231,138],{"class":66},[52,18233,18207],{"class":117},[52,18235,144],{"class":66},[20,18237,1509],{},[43,18239,18241],{"className":45,"code":18240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18242,18243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18244,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18246,8726],{"class":66},[52,18248,608],{"class":70},[52,18250,221],{"class":74},[52,18252,608],{"class":70},[52,18254,202],{"class":66},[52,18256,3063],{"class":66},[52,18258,948],{"class":947},[52,18260,17501],{"class":66},[52,18262,617],{"class":70},[52,18264,4204],{"class":74},[52,18266,608],{"class":70},[52,18268,202],{"class":66},[52,18270,3063],{"class":66},[52,18272,948],{"class":947},[52,18274,13145],{"class":66},[20,18276,18277],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18279,18280],{},"Use this instead:",[43,18282,18284],{"className":45,"code":18283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18285,18286,18310,18334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18287,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306,18308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18289,16682],{"class":58},[52,18291,63],{"class":62},[52,18293,3063],{"class":66},[52,18295,71],{"class":70},[52,18297,221],{"class":74},[52,18299,71],{"class":70},[52,18301,80],{"class":66},[52,18303,83],{"class":70},[52,18305,4204],{"class":74},[52,18307,71],{"class":70},[52,18309,3076],{"class":66},[52,18311,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18313,18174],{"class":58},[52,18315,63],{"class":62},[52,18317,67],{"class":66},[52,18319,14281],{"class":58},[52,18321,202],{"class":66},[52,18323,17643],{"class":66},[52,18325,3320],{"class":731},[52,18327,17648],{"class":58},[52,18329,3326],{"class":731},[52,18331,17653],{"class":58},[52,18333,100],{"class":66},[52,18335,18336,18338,18340,18342],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18337,135],{"class":134},[52,18339,138],{"class":66},[52,18341,18207],{"class":117},[52,18343,144],{"class":66},[699,18345,18347,18348,18350],{"id":18346},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18349,16658],{}," on a list",[20,18352,18353],{},"Wrong idea:",[43,18355,18357],{"className":45,"code":18356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18358,18359,18391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18360,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18362,16682],{"class":58},[52,18364,63],{"class":62},[52,18366,3063],{"class":66},[52,18368,71],{"class":70},[52,18370,221],{"class":74},[52,18372,71],{"class":70},[52,18374,80],{"class":66},[52,18376,83],{"class":70},[52,18378,4204],{"class":74},[52,18380,71],{"class":70},[52,18382,80],{"class":66},[52,18384,83],{"class":70},[52,18386,9187],{"class":74},[52,18388,71],{"class":70},[52,18390,3076],{"class":66},[52,18392,18393],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18394,18395],{"class":3105},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18397,18398,18400,18401,18403,18404,114],{},[15,18399,16658],{}," belongs to ",[15,18402,8268],{},", not ",[15,18405,7540],{},[20,18407,18408],{},"Correct usage:",[43,18410,18412],{"className":45,"code":18411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18413,18414,18446,18468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18415,18416,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18417,16682],{"class":58},[52,18419,63],{"class":62},[52,18421,3063],{"class":66},[52,18423,71],{"class":70},[52,18425,221],{"class":74},[52,18427,71],{"class":70},[52,18429,80],{"class":66},[52,18431,83],{"class":70},[52,18433,4204],{"class":74},[52,18435,71],{"class":70},[52,18437,80],{"class":66},[52,18439,83],{"class":70},[52,18441,9187],{"class":74},[52,18443,71],{"class":70},[52,18445,3076],{"class":66},[52,18447,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18449,18174],{"class":58},[52,18451,63],{"class":62},[52,18453,8618],{"class":600},[52,18455,114],{"class":66},[52,18457,16723],{"class":117},[52,18459,138],{"class":66},[52,18461,16363],{"class":117},[52,18463,80],{"class":66},[52,18465,3276],{"class":947},[52,18467,144],{"class":66},[52,18469,18470,18472,18474,18476],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18471,135],{"class":134},[52,18473,138],{"class":66},[52,18475,18207],{"class":117},[52,18477,144],{"class":66},[699,18479,1174,18481,18483],{"id":18480},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18482,16658],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18485,18486,18488],{},[15,18487,16663],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[43,18490,18492],{"className":45,"code":18491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18493,18494,18514,18548,18552,18562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18495,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18510,18512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18497,11529],{"class":58},[52,18499,63],{"class":62},[52,18501,67],{"class":66},[52,18503,71],{"class":70},[52,18505,1611],{"class":74},[52,18507,71],{"class":70},[52,18509,202],{"class":66},[52,18511,4944],{"class":947},[52,18513,100],{"class":66},[52,18515,18516,18518,18520,18522,18524,18526,18528,18530,18532,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18517,12481],{"class":58},[52,18519,63],{"class":62},[52,18521,8618],{"class":600},[52,18523,114],{"class":66},[52,18525,16723],{"class":117},[52,18527,2424],{"class":66},[52,18529,71],{"class":70},[52,18531,221],{"class":74},[52,18533,71],{"class":70},[52,18535,80],{"class":66},[52,18537,83],{"class":70},[52,18539,4204],{"class":74},[52,18541,71],{"class":70},[52,18543,17501],{"class":66},[52,18545,3276],{"class":947},[52,18547,144],{"class":66},[52,18549,18550],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18551,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,18553,18554,18556,18558,18560],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,18555,135],{"class":134},[52,18557,138],{"class":66},[52,18559,11576],{"class":117},[52,18561,144],{"class":66},[52,18563,18564,18566,18568,18571],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,18565,135],{"class":134},[52,18567,138],{"class":66},[52,18569,18570],{"class":117},"new_dict",[52,18572,144],{"class":66},[20,18574,1509],{},[43,18576,18578],{"className":45,"code":18577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18579,18580,18596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18581,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18583,8726],{"class":66},[52,18585,608],{"class":70},[52,18587,1611],{"class":74},[52,18589,608],{"class":70},[52,18591,202],{"class":66},[52,18593,4944],{"class":947},[52,18595,100],{"class":66},[52,18597,18598,18600,18602,18604,18606,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18599,8726],{"class":66},[52,18601,608],{"class":70},[52,18603,221],{"class":74},[52,18605,608],{"class":70},[52,18607,202],{"class":66},[52,18609,3276],{"class":947},[52,18611,80],{"class":66},[52,18613,617],{"class":70},[52,18615,4204],{"class":74},[52,18617,608],{"class":70},[52,18619,202],{"class":66},[52,18621,3276],{"class":947},[52,18623,100],{"class":66},[20,18625,18626,18627,114],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[221,18628,10182,18629,1070],{"href":13472},[15,18630,14394],{},[699,18632,18634,18635],{"id":18633},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18636,3220],{},[43,18638,18640],{"className":45,"code":18639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18641,18642,18672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18643,18644,18646,18648,18650,18652,18654,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18645,18174],{"class":58},[52,18647,63],{"class":62},[52,18649,8618],{"class":600},[52,18651,114],{"class":66},[52,18653,16723],{"class":117},[52,18655,2424],{"class":66},[52,18657,71],{"class":70},[52,18659,1611],{"class":74},[52,18661,71],{"class":70},[52,18663,80],{"class":66},[52,18665,83],{"class":70},[52,18667,11188],{"class":74},[52,18669,71],{"class":70},[52,18671,3332],{"class":66},[52,18673,18674,18676,18678,18680],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18675,135],{"class":134},[52,18677,138],{"class":66},[52,18679,18207],{"class":117},[52,18681,144],{"class":66},[20,18683,1509],{},[43,18685,18687],{"className":45,"code":18686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18688,18689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18690,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18692,8726],{"class":66},[52,18694,608],{"class":70},[52,18696,1611],{"class":74},[52,18698,608],{"class":70},[52,18700,202],{"class":66},[52,18702,3296],{"class":3295},[52,18704,80],{"class":66},[52,18706,617],{"class":70},[52,18708,11188],{"class":74},[52,18710,608],{"class":70},[52,18712,202],{"class":66},[52,18714,3296],{"class":3295},[52,18716,100],{"class":66},[20,18718,18719,18720,114],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18721,3220],{},[38,18723,18725],{"id":18724},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18727,18728,18729,18731],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18730,16658],{}," works.",[43,18733,18735],{"className":45,"code":18734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18736,18737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18738,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751,18753,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18740,135],{"class":134},[52,18742,138],{"class":66},[52,18744,8268],{"class":600},[52,18746,114],{"class":66},[52,18748,16723],{"class":117},[52,18750,2424],{"class":66},[52,18752,71],{"class":70},[52,18754,221],{"class":74},[52,18756,71],{"class":70},[52,18758,80],{"class":66},[52,18760,83],{"class":70},[52,18762,4204],{"class":74},[52,18764,71],{"class":70},[52,18766,17501],{"class":66},[52,18768,3276],{"class":947},[52,18770,1222],{"class":66},[43,18772,18773],{"className":45,"code":18639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,18774,18775,18805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18776,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797,18799,18801,18803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18778,18174],{"class":58},[52,18780,63],{"class":62},[52,18782,8618],{"class":600},[52,18784,114],{"class":66},[52,18786,16723],{"class":117},[52,18788,2424],{"class":66},[52,18790,71],{"class":70},[52,18792,1611],{"class":74},[52,18794,71],{"class":70},[52,18796,80],{"class":66},[52,18798,83],{"class":70},[52,18800,11188],{"class":74},[52,18802,71],{"class":70},[52,18804,3332],{"class":66},[52,18806,18807,18809,18811,18813],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18808,135],{"class":134},[52,18810,138],{"class":66},[52,18812,18207],{"class":117},[52,18814,144],{"class":66},[43,18816,18817],{"className":45,"code":18167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,18818,18819,18851,18873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18820,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18822,18174],{"class":58},[52,18824,63],{"class":62},[52,18826,8618],{"class":600},[52,18828,114],{"class":66},[52,18830,16723],{"class":117},[52,18832,2424],{"class":66},[52,18834,71],{"class":70},[52,18836,221],{"class":74},[52,18838,71],{"class":70},[52,18840,80],{"class":66},[52,18842,83],{"class":70},[52,18844,4204],{"class":74},[52,18846,71],{"class":70},[52,18848,17501],{"class":66},[52,18850,17435],{"class":66},[52,18852,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18854,18207],{"class":58},[52,18856,3344],{"class":66},[52,18858,71],{"class":70},[52,18860,221],{"class":74},[52,18862,71],{"class":70},[52,18864,12989],{"class":66},[52,18866,12992],{"class":117},[52,18868,138],{"class":66},[52,18870,948],{"class":947},[52,18872,144],{"class":66},[52,18874,18875,18877,18879,18881],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,18876,135],{"class":134},[52,18878,138],{"class":66},[52,18880,18207],{"class":117},[52,18882,144],{"class":66},[43,18884,18886],{"className":45,"code":18885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18887,18888],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18889,18890,18892,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18891,135],{"class":134},[52,18893,138],{"class":66},[52,18895,1231],{"class":600},[52,18897,138],{"class":66},[52,18899,8268],{"class":600},[52,18901,114],{"class":66},[52,18903,16723],{"class":117},[52,18905,2424],{"class":66},[52,18907,948],{"class":947},[52,18909,80],{"class":66},[52,18911,953],{"class":947},[52,18913,80],{"class":66},[52,18915,958],{"class":947},[52,18917,17501],{"class":66},[52,18919,83],{"class":70},[52,18921,985],{"class":74},[52,18923,71],{"class":70},[52,18925,2350],{"class":66},[38,18927,1273],{"id":1272},[699,18929,1277,18931,18933],{"id":18930},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18932,16658],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18935,18936],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[699,18938,18940],{"id":18939},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18942,18943,18944,114],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18945,3220],{},[699,18947,18949],{"id":18948},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18951,18952],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[699,18954,18956],{"id":18955},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,18958,17591],{},[43,18960,18962],{"className":45,"code":18961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,18963,18964,18996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18967,16682],{"class":58},[52,18969,63],{"class":62},[52,18971,3063],{"class":66},[52,18973,71],{"class":70},[52,18975,221],{"class":74},[52,18977,71],{"class":70},[52,18979,80],{"class":66},[52,18981,83],{"class":70},[52,18983,4204],{"class":74},[52,18985,71],{"class":70},[52,18987,80],{"class":66},[52,18989,83],{"class":70},[52,18991,9187],{"class":74},[52,18993,71],{"class":70},[52,18995,3076],{"class":66},[52,18997,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,18999,8613],{"class":58},[52,19001,63],{"class":62},[52,19003,67],{"class":66},[52,19005,14281],{"class":58},[52,19007,202],{"class":66},[52,19009,17643],{"class":66},[52,19011,3320],{"class":731},[52,19013,17648],{"class":58},[52,19015,3326],{"class":731},[52,19017,17653],{"class":58},[52,19019,100],{"class":66},[38,19021,1332],{"id":1331},[163,19023,19024,19028,19032,19036,19042],{},[166,19025,19026],{},[221,19027,10685],{"href":12469},[166,19029,19030],{},[221,19031,8603],{"href":12466},[166,19033,19034],{},[221,19035,10694],{"href":17342},[166,19037,19038],{},[221,19039,10182,19040,1070],{"href":13472},[15,19041,14394],{},[166,19043,19044],{},[221,19045,10182,19046,1070],{"href":14439},[15,19047,12219],{},[20,19049,799,19050,19052],{},[15,19051,16663],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1364,19054,19055],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":19057},[19058,19059,19061,19065,19066,19068,19073,19075,19082,19091,19092,19099],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":16763,"depth":103,"text":19060},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16807,"depth":103,"text":16808,"children":19062},[19063,19064],{"id":16834,"depth":124,"text":16835},{"id":16858,"depth":124,"text":16859},{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":17017,"depth":103,"text":19067},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17346,"depth":103,"text":17347,"children":19069},[19070,19071,19072],{"id":17376,"depth":124,"text":17377},{"id":17539,"depth":124,"text":17540},{"id":17587,"depth":124,"text":17588},{"id":17751,"depth":103,"text":19074},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17909,"depth":103,"text":19076,"children":19077},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19078,19080,19081],{"id":17920,"depth":124,"text":19079},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17985,"depth":124,"text":17986},{"id":18059,"depth":124,"text":18060},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":19083},[19084,19085,19087,19089],{"id":18163,"depth":124,"text":18164},{"id":18346,"depth":124,"text":19086},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18480,"depth":124,"text":19088},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18633,"depth":124,"text":19090},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18724,"depth":103,"text":18725},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":19093},[19094,19096,19097,19098],{"id":18930,"depth":124,"text":19095},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18939,"depth":124,"text":18940},{"id":18948,"depth":124,"text":18949},{"id":18955,"depth":124,"text":18956},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16650,"description":19100},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19107,"title":19108,"body":19109,"description":20938,"extension":1401,"meta":20939,"navigation":127,"path":20940,"seo":20941,"stem":20942,"__hash__":20943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19110,"toc":20905},[19111,19116,19122,19132,19262,19269,19274,19278,19294,19296,19394,19397,19414,19418,19420,19425,19463,19466,19484,19486,19604,19609,19613,19629,19632,19768,19771,19776,19782,19785,19822,19825,19829,19834,19910,19914,19919,20001,20003,20019,20024,20028,20034,20103,20106,20123,20126,20208,20214,20217,20237,20241,20246,20252,20258,20329,20332,20338,20341,20415,20422,20428,20436,20446,20448,20543,20549,20554,20641,20647,20649,20654,20676,20679,20774,20777,20808,20821,20823,20831,20837,20843,20846,20852,20857,20864,20869,20871,20902],[10,19112,10760,19114,18],{"id":19113},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19115,10185],{},[20,19117,19118,19119,19121],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19120,10185],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19123,19124,19125,1627,19127,1837,19129,19131],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19126,639],{},[15,19128,10185],{},[15,19130,3220],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[43,19133,19135],{"className":45,"code":19134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19136,19137,19173,19177,19203,19228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19138,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19140,12643],{"class":58},[52,19142,63],{"class":62},[52,19144,67],{"class":66},[52,19146,71],{"class":70},[52,19148,7115],{"class":74},[52,19150,71],{"class":70},[52,19152,202],{"class":66},[52,19154,83],{"class":70},[52,19156,12323],{"class":74},[52,19158,71],{"class":70},[52,19160,80],{"class":66},[52,19162,83],{"class":70},[52,19164,8747],{"class":74},[52,19166,71],{"class":70},[52,19168,202],{"class":66},[52,19170,8754],{"class":947},[52,19172,100],{"class":66},[52,19174,19175],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19176,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,19178,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,19180,135],{"class":134},[52,19182,138],{"class":66},[52,19184,16747],{"class":117},[52,19186,114],{"class":66},[52,19188,19189],{"class":117},"get",[52,19191,138],{"class":66},[52,19193,71],{"class":70},[52,19195,7115],{"class":74},[52,19197,71],{"class":70},[52,19199,4807],{"class":66},[52,19201,19202],{"class":3105},"           # Ana\n",[52,19204,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221,19223,19225],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19206,135],{"class":134},[52,19208,138],{"class":66},[52,19210,16747],{"class":117},[52,19212,114],{"class":66},[52,19214,19189],{"class":117},[52,19216,138],{"class":66},[52,19218,71],{"class":70},[52,19220,9857],{"class":74},[52,19222,71],{"class":70},[52,19224,4807],{"class":66},[52,19226,19227],{"class":3105},"           # None\n",[52,19229,19230,19232,19234,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248,19250,19252,19255,19257,19259],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,19231,135],{"class":134},[52,19233,138],{"class":66},[52,19235,16747],{"class":117},[52,19237,114],{"class":66},[52,19239,19189],{"class":117},[52,19241,138],{"class":66},[52,19243,71],{"class":70},[52,19245,9857],{"class":74},[52,19247,71],{"class":70},[52,19249,80],{"class":66},[52,19251,83],{"class":70},[52,19253,19254],{"class":74},"N\u002FA",[52,19256,71],{"class":70},[52,19258,4807],{"class":66},[52,19260,19261],{"class":3105},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19263,799,19264,19266,19267,114],{},[15,19265,10185],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19268,639],{},[38,19270,194,19272,197],{"id":19271},"what-get-does",[15,19273,10185],{},[20,19275,1418,19276,10854],{},[15,19277,10185],{},[163,19279,19280,19283,19288,19291],{},[166,19281,19282],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[166,19284,10865,19285,19287],{},[15,19286,3220],{}," if the key does not exist",[166,19289,19290],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[166,19292,19293],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19295,267],{},[43,19297,19299],{"className":45,"code":19298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19300,19301,19340,19344,19369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19302,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19322,19324,19326,19328,19331,19333,19335,19338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19304,12306],{"class":58},[52,19306,63],{"class":62},[52,19308,67],{"class":66},[52,19310,71],{"class":70},[52,19312,7115],{"class":74},[52,19314,71],{"class":70},[52,19316,202],{"class":66},[52,19318,83],{"class":70},[52,19320,19321],{"class":74},"Lina",[52,19323,71],{"class":70},[52,19325,80],{"class":66},[52,19327,83],{"class":70},[52,19329,19330],{"class":74},"grade",[52,19332,71],{"class":70},[52,19334,202],{"class":66},[52,19336,19337],{"class":947}," 90",[52,19339,100],{"class":66},[52,19341,19342],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19343,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,19345,19346,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358,19360,19362,19364,19366],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,19347,135],{"class":134},[52,19349,138],{"class":66},[52,19351,13065],{"class":117},[52,19353,114],{"class":66},[52,19355,19189],{"class":117},[52,19357,138],{"class":66},[52,19359,71],{"class":70},[52,19361,7115],{"class":74},[52,19363,71],{"class":70},[52,19365,4807],{"class":66},[52,19367,19368],{"class":3105},"     # Lina\n",[52,19370,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19372,135],{"class":134},[52,19374,138],{"class":66},[52,19376,13065],{"class":117},[52,19378,114],{"class":66},[52,19380,19189],{"class":117},[52,19382,138],{"class":66},[52,19384,71],{"class":70},[52,19386,14699],{"class":74},[52,19388,71],{"class":70},[52,19390,4807],{"class":66},[52,19392,19393],{"class":3105},"    # None\n",[20,19395,19396],{},"In this example:",[163,19398,19399,19404],{},[166,19400,19401,19403],{},[15,19402,14680],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[166,19405,19406,19409,19410,1837,19412],{},[15,19407,19408],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19411,10185],{},[15,19413,3220],{},[20,19415,12463,19416,114],{},[221,19417,8603],{"href":8602},[38,19419,228],{"id":227},[20,19421,19422,19423,202],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19424,10185],{},[43,19426,19428],{"className":45,"code":19427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19429,19430,19444],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19431,19432,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19433,15045],{"class":58},[52,19435,114],{"class":66},[52,19437,19189],{"class":117},[52,19439,138],{"class":66},[52,19441,14281],{"class":117},[52,19443,144],{"class":66},[52,19445,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458,19461],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19447,15045],{"class":58},[52,19449,114],{"class":66},[52,19451,19189],{"class":117},[52,19453,138],{"class":66},[52,19455,14281],{"class":117},[52,19457,80],{"class":66},[52,19459,19460],{"class":117}," default_value",[52,19462,144],{"class":66},[20,19464,19465],{},"What each part means:",[163,19467,19468,19473,19479],{},[166,19469,19470,19472],{},[15,19471,14281],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[166,19474,19475,19478],{},[15,19476,19477],{},"default_value"," is optional",[166,19480,19481,19482],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19483,3220],{},[20,19485,267],{},[43,19487,19489],{"className":45,"code":19488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19490,19491,19515,19519,19544,19570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19492,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19494,13265],{"class":58},[52,19496,63],{"class":62},[52,19498,67],{"class":66},[52,19500,71],{"class":70},[52,19502,11938],{"class":74},[52,19504,71],{"class":70},[52,19506,202],{"class":66},[52,19508,83],{"class":70},[52,19510,11947],{"class":74},[52,19512,71],{"class":70},[52,19514,100],{"class":66},[52,19516,19517],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19518,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,19520,19521,19523,19525,19527,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,19522,135],{"class":134},[52,19524,138],{"class":66},[52,19526,13324],{"class":117},[52,19528,114],{"class":66},[52,19530,19189],{"class":117},[52,19532,138],{"class":66},[52,19534,71],{"class":70},[52,19536,11938],{"class":74},[52,19538,71],{"class":70},[52,19540,4807],{"class":66},[52,19542,19543],{"class":3105},"            # dark\n",[52,19545,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19563,19565,19567],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19547,135],{"class":134},[52,19549,138],{"class":66},[52,19551,13324],{"class":117},[52,19553,114],{"class":66},[52,19555,19189],{"class":117},[52,19557,138],{"class":66},[52,19559,71],{"class":70},[52,19561,19562],{"class":74},"language",[52,19564,71],{"class":70},[52,19566,4807],{"class":66},[52,19568,19569],{"class":3105},"         # None\n",[52,19571,19572,19574,19576,19578,19580,19582,19584,19586,19588,19590,19592,19594,19597,19599,19601],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,19573,135],{"class":134},[52,19575,138],{"class":66},[52,19577,13324],{"class":117},[52,19579,114],{"class":66},[52,19581,19189],{"class":117},[52,19583,138],{"class":66},[52,19585,71],{"class":70},[52,19587,19562],{"class":74},[52,19589,71],{"class":70},[52,19591,80],{"class":66},[52,19593,83],{"class":70},[52,19595,19596],{"class":74},"en",[52,19598,71],{"class":70},[52,19600,4807],{"class":66},[52,19602,19603],{"class":3105},"   # en\n",[38,19605,894,19607],{"id":19606},"when-to-use-get",[15,19608,10185],{},[20,19610,799,19611,916],{},[15,19612,10185],{},[163,19614,19615,19618,19623,19626],{},[166,19616,19617],{},"A key might not exist",[166,19619,19620,19621],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19622,639],{},[166,19624,19625],{},"You are reading optional data",[166,19627,19628],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19630,19631],{},"Example with optional user data:",[43,19633,19635],{"className":45,"code":19634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19636,19637,19679,19683,19708,19734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19638,19639,19641,19643,19645,19647,19649,19651,19653,19655,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672,19675,19677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19640,10930],{"class":58},[52,19642,63],{"class":62},[52,19644,67],{"class":66},[52,19646,71],{"class":70},[52,19648,7432],{"class":74},[52,19650,71],{"class":70},[52,19652,202],{"class":66},[52,19654,83],{"class":70},[52,19656,19657],{"class":74},"sam",[52,19659,71],{"class":70},[52,19661,80],{"class":66},[52,19663,83],{"class":70},[52,19665,14699],{"class":74},[52,19667,71],{"class":70},[52,19669,202],{"class":66},[52,19671,83],{"class":70},[52,19673,19674],{"class":74},"sam@example.com",[52,19676,71],{"class":70},[52,19678,100],{"class":66},[52,19680,19681],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19682,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,19684,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,19686,135],{"class":134},[52,19688,138],{"class":66},[52,19690,11024],{"class":117},[52,19692,114],{"class":66},[52,19694,19189],{"class":117},[52,19696,138],{"class":66},[52,19698,71],{"class":70},[52,19700,7432],{"class":74},[52,19702,71],{"class":70},[52,19704,4807],{"class":66},[52,19706,19707],{"class":3105},"              # sam\n",[52,19709,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19720,19722,19724,19727,19729,19731],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19711,135],{"class":134},[52,19713,138],{"class":66},[52,19715,11024],{"class":117},[52,19717,114],{"class":66},[52,19719,19189],{"class":117},[52,19721,138],{"class":66},[52,19723,71],{"class":70},[52,19725,19726],{"class":74},"phone",[52,19728,71],{"class":70},[52,19730,4807],{"class":66},[52,19732,19733],{"class":3105},"                 # None\n",[52,19735,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19761,19763,19765],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,19737,135],{"class":134},[52,19739,138],{"class":66},[52,19741,11024],{"class":117},[52,19743,114],{"class":66},[52,19745,19189],{"class":117},[52,19747,138],{"class":66},[52,19749,71],{"class":70},[52,19751,19726],{"class":74},[52,19753,71],{"class":70},[52,19755,80],{"class":66},[52,19757,83],{"class":70},[52,19759,19760],{"class":74},"Not provided",[52,19762,71],{"class":70},[52,19764,4807],{"class":66},[52,19766,19767],{"class":3105}," # Not provided\n",[20,19769,19770],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19772,19773,19774,114],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[221,19775,16037],{"href":16036},[38,19777,19779,19781],{"id":19778},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19780,10185],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19783,19784],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[43,19786,19788],{"className":45,"code":19787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19789,19790,19804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19791,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19793,8652],{"class":58},[52,19795,3344],{"class":66},[52,19797,71],{"class":70},[52,19799,14281],{"class":74},[52,19801,71],{"class":70},[52,19803,3076],{"class":66},[52,19805,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19807,8652],{"class":58},[52,19809,114],{"class":66},[52,19811,19189],{"class":117},[52,19813,138],{"class":66},[52,19815,71],{"class":70},[52,19817,14281],{"class":74},[52,19819,71],{"class":70},[52,19821,144],{"class":66},[20,19823,19824],{},"The difference is important.",[699,19826,19828],{"id":19827},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19830,19831,19832,114],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19833,639],{},[43,19835,19837],{"className":45,"code":19836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19838,19839,19863,19867,19889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19840,19841,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19842,8613],{"class":58},[52,19844,63],{"class":62},[52,19846,67],{"class":66},[52,19848,71],{"class":70},[52,19850,7115],{"class":74},[52,19852,71],{"class":70},[52,19854,202],{"class":66},[52,19856,83],{"class":70},[52,19858,12323],{"class":74},[52,19860,71],{"class":70},[52,19862,100],{"class":66},[52,19864,19865],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19866,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,19868,19869,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19886],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,19870,135],{"class":134},[52,19872,138],{"class":66},[52,19874,8652],{"class":117},[52,19876,3344],{"class":66},[52,19878,71],{"class":70},[52,19880,7115],{"class":74},[52,19882,71],{"class":70},[52,19884,19885],{"class":66},"])",[52,19887,19888],{"class":3105},"   # Ana\n",[52,19890,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19892,135],{"class":134},[52,19894,138],{"class":66},[52,19896,8652],{"class":117},[52,19898,3344],{"class":66},[52,19900,71],{"class":70},[52,19902,9857],{"class":74},[52,19904,71],{"class":70},[52,19906,19885],{"class":66},[52,19908,19909],{"class":3105},"   # KeyError\n",[699,19911,19912],{"id":19189},[15,19913,10185],{},[20,19915,19916,19918],{},[15,19917,10185],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[43,19920,19922],{"className":45,"code":19921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19923,19924,19948,19952,19976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19925,19926,19928,19930,19932,19934,19936,19938,19940,19942,19944,19946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19927,8613],{"class":58},[52,19929,63],{"class":62},[52,19931,67],{"class":66},[52,19933,71],{"class":70},[52,19935,7115],{"class":74},[52,19937,71],{"class":70},[52,19939,202],{"class":66},[52,19941,83],{"class":70},[52,19943,12323],{"class":74},[52,19945,71],{"class":70},[52,19947,100],{"class":66},[52,19949,19950],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,19951,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,19953,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,19955,135],{"class":134},[52,19957,138],{"class":66},[52,19959,8652],{"class":117},[52,19961,114],{"class":66},[52,19963,19189],{"class":117},[52,19965,138],{"class":66},[52,19967,71],{"class":70},[52,19969,7115],{"class":74},[52,19971,71],{"class":70},[52,19973,4807],{"class":66},[52,19975,19888],{"class":3105},[52,19977,19978,19980,19982,19984,19986,19988,19990,19992,19994,19996,19998],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,19979,135],{"class":134},[52,19981,138],{"class":66},[52,19983,8652],{"class":117},[52,19985,114],{"class":66},[52,19987,19189],{"class":117},[52,19989,138],{"class":66},[52,19991,71],{"class":70},[52,19993,9857],{"class":74},[52,19995,71],{"class":70},[52,19997,4807],{"class":66},[52,19999,20000],{"class":3105},"   # None\n",[20,20002,18134],{},[163,20004,20005,20011],{},[166,20006,20007,20008],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,20009,20010],{},"must exist",[166,20012,20013,20015,20016],{},[15,20014,10185],{}," when the key is ",[30,20017,20018],{},"optional",[20,20020,20021,20022,114],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[221,20023,1356],{"href":695},[38,20025,20027],{"id":20026},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20029,20030,20031,20033],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20032,10185],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[43,20035,20037],{"className":45,"code":20036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20038,20039,20064,20068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20040,20041,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20042,20043],{"class":58},"profile ",[52,20045,63],{"class":62},[52,20047,67],{"class":66},[52,20049,71],{"class":70},[52,20051,7115],{"class":74},[52,20053,71],{"class":70},[52,20055,202],{"class":66},[52,20057,83],{"class":70},[52,20059,7368],{"class":74},[52,20061,71],{"class":70},[52,20063,100],{"class":66},[52,20065,20066],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20067,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,20069,20070,20072,20074,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20096,20098,20100],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20071,135],{"class":134},[52,20073,138],{"class":66},[52,20075,20076],{"class":117},"profile",[52,20078,114],{"class":66},[52,20080,19189],{"class":117},[52,20082,138],{"class":66},[52,20084,71],{"class":70},[52,20086,14702],{"class":74},[52,20088,71],{"class":70},[52,20090,80],{"class":66},[52,20092,83],{"class":70},[52,20094,20095],{"class":74},"Unknown",[52,20097,71],{"class":70},[52,20099,4807],{"class":66},[52,20101,20102],{"class":3105},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20104,20105],{},"This is useful for display text:",[163,20107,20108,20113,20118],{},[166,20109,20110],{},[15,20111,20112],{},"\"Unknown\"",[166,20114,20115],{},[15,20116,20117],{},"\"Not set\"",[166,20119,20120],{},[15,20121,20122],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20124,20125],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[43,20127,20129],{"className":45,"code":20128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20130,20131,20163,20167,20194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20132,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20134,4507],{"class":58},[52,20136,63],{"class":62},[52,20138,67],{"class":66},[52,20140,71],{"class":70},[52,20142,17856],{"class":74},[52,20144,71],{"class":70},[52,20146,202],{"class":66},[52,20148,5451],{"class":947},[52,20150,80],{"class":66},[52,20152,83],{"class":70},[52,20154,17865],{"class":74},[52,20156,71],{"class":70},[52,20158,202],{"class":66},[52,20160,5806],{"class":947},[52,20162,100],{"class":66},[52,20164,20165],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20166,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,20168,20169,20172,20174,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20170,20171],{"class":58},"total_history ",[52,20173,63],{"class":62},[52,20175,4554],{"class":58},[52,20177,114],{"class":66},[52,20179,19189],{"class":117},[52,20181,138],{"class":66},[52,20183,71],{"class":70},[52,20185,17874],{"class":74},[52,20187,71],{"class":70},[52,20189,80],{"class":66},[52,20191,3276],{"class":947},[52,20193,144],{"class":66},[52,20195,20196,20198,20200,20203,20205],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20197,135],{"class":134},[52,20199,138],{"class":66},[52,20201,20202],{"class":117},"total_history",[52,20204,3102],{"class":66},[52,20206,20207],{"class":3105},"   # 0\n",[20,20209,20210,20211,20213],{},"Here, ",[15,20212,1558],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20215,20216],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[163,20218,20219,20222,20227,20232],{},[166,20220,20221],{},"Use a string for text",[166,20223,799,20224,20226],{},[15,20225,1558],{}," for numbers",[166,20228,799,20229,20231],{},[15,20230,3229],{}," for lists if needed",[166,20233,799,20234,20236],{},[15,20235,3234],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[38,20238,20240],{"id":20239},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20242,20243,20244,114],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20245,10185],{},[699,20247,20249,20251],{"id":20248},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20250,10185],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20253,20254,20255,20257],{},"This code does ",[30,20256,32],{}," create a new key:",[43,20259,20261],{"className":45,"code":20260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20262,20263,20287,20291,20316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20264,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20275,20277,20279,20281,20283,20285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20266,12643],{"class":58},[52,20268,63],{"class":62},[52,20270,67],{"class":66},[52,20272,71],{"class":70},[52,20274,7115],{"class":74},[52,20276,71],{"class":70},[52,20278,202],{"class":66},[52,20280,83],{"class":70},[52,20282,12323],{"class":74},[52,20284,71],{"class":70},[52,20286,100],{"class":66},[52,20288,20289],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20290,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,20292,20293,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20294,135],{"class":134},[52,20296,138],{"class":66},[52,20298,16747],{"class":117},[52,20300,114],{"class":66},[52,20302,19189],{"class":117},[52,20304,138],{"class":66},[52,20306,71],{"class":70},[52,20308,9857],{"class":74},[52,20310,71],{"class":70},[52,20312,4807],{"class":66},[52,20314,20315],{"class":3105},"  # None\n",[52,20317,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20319,135],{"class":134},[52,20321,138],{"class":66},[52,20323,16747],{"class":117},[52,20325,3102],{"class":66},[52,20327,20328],{"class":3105},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20330,20331],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[699,20333,20335,20337],{"id":20334},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20336,10185],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20339,20340],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[43,20342,20344],{"className":45,"code":20343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20345,20346,20372,20376,20402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20347,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20359,20361,20363,20365,20368,20370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20349,13265],{"class":58},[52,20351,63],{"class":62},[52,20353,67],{"class":66},[52,20355,71],{"class":70},[52,20357,20358],{"class":74},"mode",[52,20360,71],{"class":70},[52,20362,202],{"class":66},[52,20364,83],{"class":70},[52,20366,20367],{"class":74},"light",[52,20369,71],{"class":70},[52,20371,100],{"class":66},[52,20373,20374],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20375,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,20377,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20398,20400],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20379,13324],{"class":58},[52,20381,114],{"class":66},[52,20383,19189],{"class":117},[52,20385,138],{"class":66},[52,20387,71],{"class":70},[52,20389,11938],{"class":74},[52,20391,71],{"class":70},[52,20393,80],{"class":66},[52,20395,83],{"class":70},[52,20397,11947],{"class":74},[52,20399,71],{"class":70},[52,20401,144],{"class":66},[52,20403,20404,20406,20408,20410,20412],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20405,135],{"class":134},[52,20407,138],{"class":66},[52,20409,13324],{"class":117},[52,20411,3102],{"class":66},[52,20413,20414],{"class":3105},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20416,20417,20418,20421],{},"Even though ",[15,20419,20420],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[699,20423,20425,20426],{"id":20424},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20427,3220],{},[20,20429,20430,20431,1837,20433,20435],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20432,10185],{},[15,20434,3220],{}," because:",[163,20437,20438,20441],{},[166,20439,20440],{},"The key is missing, or",[166,20442,20443,20444],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20445,3220],{},[20,20447,267],{},[43,20449,20451],{"className":45,"code":20450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20452,20453,20490,20494,20518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20454,20455,20457,20459,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475,20477,20479,20482,20484,20486,20488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20456,8613],{"class":58},[52,20458,63],{"class":62},[52,20460,67],{"class":66},[52,20462,71],{"class":70},[52,20464,7115],{"class":74},[52,20466,71],{"class":70},[52,20468,202],{"class":66},[52,20470,83],{"class":70},[52,20472,12323],{"class":74},[52,20474,71],{"class":70},[52,20476,80],{"class":66},[52,20478,83],{"class":70},[52,20480,20481],{"class":74},"nickname",[52,20483,71],{"class":70},[52,20485,202],{"class":66},[52,20487,3296],{"class":3295},[52,20489,100],{"class":66},[52,20491,20492],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20493,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,20495,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20497,135],{"class":134},[52,20499,138],{"class":66},[52,20501,8652],{"class":117},[52,20503,114],{"class":66},[52,20505,19189],{"class":117},[52,20507,138],{"class":66},[52,20509,71],{"class":70},[52,20511,20481],{"class":74},[52,20513,71],{"class":70},[52,20515,4807],{"class":66},[52,20517,20315],{"class":3105},[52,20519,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20540],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20521,135],{"class":134},[52,20523,138],{"class":66},[52,20525,8652],{"class":117},[52,20527,114],{"class":66},[52,20529,19189],{"class":117},[52,20531,138],{"class":66},[52,20533,71],{"class":70},[52,20535,9857],{"class":74},[52,20537,71],{"class":70},[52,20539,4807],{"class":66},[52,20541,20542],{"class":3105},"      # None\n",[20,20544,20545,20546,20548],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20547,3220],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20550,20551,20552,202],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20553,3326],{},[43,20555,20557],{"className":45,"code":20556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20558,20559,20595,20599,20620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20560,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573,20575,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20562,8613],{"class":58},[52,20564,63],{"class":62},[52,20566,67],{"class":66},[52,20568,71],{"class":70},[52,20570,7115],{"class":74},[52,20572,71],{"class":70},[52,20574,202],{"class":66},[52,20576,83],{"class":70},[52,20578,12323],{"class":74},[52,20580,71],{"class":70},[52,20582,80],{"class":66},[52,20584,83],{"class":70},[52,20586,20481],{"class":74},[52,20588,71],{"class":70},[52,20590,202],{"class":66},[52,20592,3296],{"class":3295},[52,20594,100],{"class":66},[52,20596,20597],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20598,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,20600,20601,20603,20605,20607,20609,20611,20614,20616,20618],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20602,135],{"class":134},[52,20604,138],{"class":66},[52,20606,71],{"class":70},[52,20608,20481],{"class":74},[52,20610,71],{"class":70},[52,20612,20613],{"class":731}," in",[52,20615,14006],{"class":117},[52,20617,3102],{"class":66},[52,20619,3106],{"class":3105},[52,20621,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20623,135],{"class":134},[52,20625,138],{"class":66},[52,20627,71],{"class":70},[52,20629,9857],{"class":74},[52,20631,71],{"class":70},[52,20633,20613],{"class":731},[52,20635,14006],{"class":117},[52,20637,3102],{"class":66},[52,20639,20640],{"class":3105},"      # False\n",[20,20642,20643,20644,114],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[221,20645,20646],{"href":16593},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[38,20648,1158],{"id":1157},[20,20650,20651,20652,202],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20653,10185],{},[163,20655,20656,20661,20668,20673],{},[166,20657,20658,20659],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20660,639],{},[166,20662,4147,20663,1837,20665,20667],{},[15,20664,10185],{},[15,20666,3220],{}," if no default is provided",[166,20669,4022,20670,20672],{},[15,20671,10185],{}," creates a key automatically",[166,20674,20675],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20677,20678],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[43,20680,20682],{"className":45,"code":20681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20683,20684,20694,20708,20726,20748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20685,20686,20688,20690,20692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20687,135],{"class":134},[52,20689,138],{"class":66},[52,20691,10891],{"class":117},[52,20693,144],{"class":66},[52,20695,20696,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,20697,135],{"class":134},[52,20699,138],{"class":66},[52,20701,10891],{"class":117},[52,20703,114],{"class":66},[52,20705,16363],{"class":117},[52,20707,6640],{"class":66},[52,20709,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718,20720,20722,20724],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,20711,135],{"class":134},[52,20713,138],{"class":66},[52,20715,608],{"class":70},[52,20717,7115],{"class":74},[52,20719,608],{"class":70},[52,20721,20613],{"class":731},[52,20723,11209],{"class":117},[52,20725,144],{"class":66},[52,20727,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,20729,135],{"class":134},[52,20731,138],{"class":66},[52,20733,10891],{"class":117},[52,20735,114],{"class":66},[52,20737,19189],{"class":117},[52,20739,138],{"class":66},[52,20741,608],{"class":70},[52,20743,7115],{"class":74},[52,20745,608],{"class":70},[52,20747,1222],{"class":66},[52,20749,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20770,20772],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,20751,135],{"class":134},[52,20753,138],{"class":66},[52,20755,1231],{"class":600},[52,20757,138],{"class":66},[52,20759,10891],{"class":117},[52,20761,114],{"class":66},[52,20763,19189],{"class":117},[52,20765,138],{"class":66},[52,20767,608],{"class":70},[52,20769,7115],{"class":74},[52,20771,608],{"class":70},[52,20773,2350],{"class":66},[20,20775,20776],{},"What these checks tell you:",[163,20778,20779,20784,20790,20796,20802],{},[166,20780,20781,20783],{},[15,20782,12123],{}," shows the full dictionary",[166,20785,20786,20789],{},[15,20787,20788],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[166,20791,20792,20795],{},[15,20793,20794],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[166,20797,20798,20801],{},[15,20799,20800],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[166,20803,20804,20807],{},[15,20805,20806],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20809,20810,20811,803,20816,20820],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[221,20812,20813,20814,1070],{"href":16502},"the dictionary ",[15,20815,16505],{},[221,20817,20813,20818,1070],{"href":16515},[15,20819,16518],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[38,20822,1273],{"id":1272},[699,20824,1277,20826,20828,20829,1293],{"id":20825},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20827,10185],{}," raise ",[15,20830,639],{},[20,20832,20833,20834,20836],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20835,3220],{}," or the default value you provide.",[699,20838,1277,20840,20842],{"id":20839},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20841,10185],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20844,20845],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[699,20847,20849,20850,1293],{"id":20848},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20851,10185],{},[20,20853,20854,20856],{},[15,20855,3220],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[699,20858,20860,20861,20863],{"id":20859},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,20862,10185],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20865,799,20866,20868],{},[15,20867,10185],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[38,20870,1332],{"id":1331},[163,20872,20873,20877,20883,20889,20893,20898],{},[166,20874,20875],{},[221,20876,8603],{"href":8602},[166,20878,20879],{},[221,20880,10182,20881,1070],{"href":16502},[15,20882,16505],{},[166,20884,20885],{},[221,20886,10182,20887,1070],{"href":16515},[15,20888,16518],{},[166,20890,20891],{},[221,20892,16594],{"href":16593},[166,20894,20895],{},[221,20896,20897],{"href":16036},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[166,20899,20900],{},[221,20901,1356],{"href":695},[1364,20903,20904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":20906},[20907,20909,20910,20912,20917,20918,20926,20927,20937],{"id":19271,"depth":103,"text":20908},"What get() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":19606,"depth":103,"text":20911},"When to use get()",{"id":19778,"depth":103,"text":20913,"children":20914},"get() vs square brackets",[20915,20916],{"id":19827,"depth":124,"text":19828},{"id":19189,"depth":124,"text":10185},{"id":20026,"depth":103,"text":20027},{"id":20239,"depth":103,"text":20240,"children":20919},[20920,20922,20924],{"id":20248,"depth":124,"text":20921},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20334,"depth":124,"text":20923},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20424,"depth":124,"text":20925},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":20928},[20929,20931,20933,20935],{"id":20825,"depth":124,"text":20930},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20839,"depth":124,"text":20932},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20848,"depth":124,"text":20934},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20859,"depth":124,"text":20936},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19108,"description":20938},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20945,"title":20946,"body":20947,"description":23503,"extension":1401,"meta":23504,"navigation":127,"path":23505,"seo":23506,"stem":23507,"__hash__":23508},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20948,"toc":23469},[20949,20954,20960,20966,20968,21050,21054,21071,21076,21081,21086,21088,21102,21104,21167,21171,21211,21219,21221,21223,21238,21241,21254,21256,21335,21339,21405,21407,21411,21419,21421,21432,21434,21544,21548,21627,21633,21639,21644,21757,21761,21793,21796,21903,21909,21916,21920,21923,22026,22030,22091,22094,22097,22108,22117,22120,22137,22139,22238,22242,22317,22320,22343,22348,22353,22370,22372,22493,22497,22531,22533,22538,22545,22555,22557,22635,22638,22709,22719,22722,22753,22756,22795,22801,22808,22811,22902,22906,22987,22993,22996,22999,23104,23107,23110,23232,23236,23239,23306,23310,23347,23353,23355,23361,23366,23372,23379,23385,23388,23427,23433,23436,23438,23466],[10,20950,10760,20952,18],{"id":20951},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20953,16518],{},[20,20955,1418,20956,20959],{},[15,20957,20958],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,20961,20962,20963,20965],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,20964,16518],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[38,20967,41],{"id":40},[43,20969,20971],{"className":45,"code":20970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,20972,20973,21009,21013,21036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20974,20975,20977,20979,20981,20983,20985,20987,20989,20991,20993,20995,20997,20999,21001,21003,21005,21007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20976,12643],{"class":58},[52,20978,63],{"class":62},[52,20980,67],{"class":66},[52,20982,71],{"class":70},[52,20984,7115],{"class":74},[52,20986,71],{"class":70},[52,20988,202],{"class":66},[52,20990,83],{"class":70},[52,20992,12323],{"class":74},[52,20994,71],{"class":70},[52,20996,80],{"class":66},[52,20998,83],{"class":70},[52,21000,8747],{"class":74},[52,21002,71],{"class":70},[52,21004,202],{"class":66},[52,21006,8754],{"class":947},[52,21008,100],{"class":66},[52,21010,21011],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21012,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21014,21015,21017,21020,21022,21025,21027,21029,21031,21033],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21016,5405],{"class":731},[52,21018,21019],{"class":58}," key",[52,21021,80],{"class":66},[52,21023,21024],{"class":58}," value ",[52,21026,3326],{"class":731},[52,21028,12686],{"class":58},[52,21030,114],{"class":66},[52,21032,154],{"class":117},[52,21034,21035],{"class":66},"():\n",[52,21037,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21039,757],{"class":134},[52,21041,138],{"class":66},[52,21043,14281],{"class":117},[52,21045,80],{"class":66},[52,21047,7880],{"class":117},[52,21049,144],{"class":66},[20,21051,21052],{},[30,21053,1509],{},[43,21055,21057],{"className":45,"code":21056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21058,21059,21064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21060,21061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21062,21063],{"class":58},"name Ana\n",[52,21065,21066,21069],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21067,21068],{"class":58},"age ",[52,21070,2148],{"class":947},[20,21072,799,21073,21075],{},[15,21074,16518],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[38,21077,194,21079,197],{"id":21078},"what-items-does",[15,21080,16518],{},[20,21082,21083,21085],{},[15,21084,16518],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21087,10900],{},[163,21089,21090,21096,21099],{},[166,21091,21092,21093],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21094,21095],{},"(key, value)",[166,21097,21098],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[166,21100,21101],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21103,267],{},[43,21105,21107],{"className":45,"code":21106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21108,21109,21145,21149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21110,21111,21113,21115,21117,21119,21121,21123,21125,21127,21129,21131,21133,21135,21137,21139,21141,21143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21112,12643],{"class":58},[52,21114,63],{"class":62},[52,21116,67],{"class":66},[52,21118,71],{"class":70},[52,21120,7115],{"class":74},[52,21122,71],{"class":70},[52,21124,202],{"class":66},[52,21126,83],{"class":70},[52,21128,12323],{"class":74},[52,21130,71],{"class":70},[52,21132,80],{"class":66},[52,21134,83],{"class":70},[52,21136,8747],{"class":74},[52,21138,71],{"class":70},[52,21140,202],{"class":66},[52,21142,8754],{"class":947},[52,21144,100],{"class":66},[52,21146,21147],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21148,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21150,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21152,135],{"class":134},[52,21154,138],{"class":66},[52,21156,7540],{"class":600},[52,21158,138],{"class":66},[52,21160,16747],{"class":117},[52,21162,114],{"class":66},[52,21164,154],{"class":117},[52,21166,5736],{"class":66},[20,21168,21169],{},[30,21170,1509],{},[43,21172,21174],{"className":45,"code":21173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21175,21176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21177,21178,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205,21207,21209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21179,21180],{"class":66},"[(",[52,21182,608],{"class":70},[52,21184,7115],{"class":74},[52,21186,608],{"class":70},[52,21188,80],{"class":66},[52,21190,617],{"class":70},[52,21192,12323],{"class":74},[52,21194,608],{"class":70},[52,21196,8681],{"class":66},[52,21198,8684],{"class":66},[52,21200,608],{"class":70},[52,21202,8747],{"class":74},[52,21204,608],{"class":70},[52,21206,80],{"class":66},[52,21208,8754],{"class":947},[52,21210,8697],{"class":66},[20,21212,21213,21214,456,21216,114],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[221,21215,8603],{"href":12466},[221,21217,14465],{"href":21218},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[38,21220,228],{"id":227},[20,21222,4880],{},[43,21224,21226],{"className":45,"code":21225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21227,21228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21229,21230,21232,21234,21236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21231,10891],{"class":58},[52,21233,114],{"class":66},[52,21235,154],{"class":117},[52,21237,121],{"class":66},[20,21239,21240],{},"Things to remember:",[163,21242,21243,21248,21251],{},[166,21244,21245,21247],{},[15,21246,16518],{}," does not take any arguments",[166,21249,21250],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[166,21252,21253],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21255,267],{},[43,21257,21259],{"className":45,"code":21258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21260,21261,21293,21297,21311,21315,21325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21262,21263,21265,21267,21269,21271,21273,21275,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21264,4507],{"class":58},[52,21266,63],{"class":62},[52,21268,67],{"class":66},[52,21270,71],{"class":70},[52,21272,4447],{"class":74},[52,21274,71],{"class":70},[52,21276,202],{"class":66},[52,21278,19337],{"class":947},[52,21280,80],{"class":66},[52,21282,83],{"class":70},[52,21284,4456],{"class":74},[52,21286,71],{"class":70},[52,21288,202],{"class":66},[52,21290,12946],{"class":947},[52,21292,100],{"class":66},[52,21294,21295],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21296,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21298,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21300,1668],{"class":58},[52,21302,63],{"class":62},[52,21304,4554],{"class":58},[52,21306,114],{"class":66},[52,21308,154],{"class":117},[52,21310,121],{"class":66},[52,21312,21313],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21314,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21316,21317,21319,21321,21323],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,21318,135],{"class":134},[52,21320,138],{"class":66},[52,21322,1703],{"class":117},[52,21324,144],{"class":66},[52,21326,21327,21329,21331,21333],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,21328,135],{"class":134},[52,21330,138],{"class":66},[52,21332,15828],{"class":117},[52,21334,144],{"class":66},[20,21336,21337],{},[30,21338,1509],{},[43,21340,21342],{"className":45,"code":21341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21343,21344,21377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21345,21346,21349,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21347,21348],{"class":117},"dict_items",[52,21350,9105],{"class":66},[52,21352,608],{"class":70},[52,21354,4447],{"class":74},[52,21356,608],{"class":70},[52,21358,80],{"class":66},[52,21360,19337],{"class":947},[52,21362,8681],{"class":66},[52,21364,8684],{"class":66},[52,21366,608],{"class":70},[52,21368,4456],{"class":74},[52,21370,608],{"class":70},[52,21372,80],{"class":66},[52,21374,12946],{"class":947},[52,21376,10124],{"class":66},[52,21378,21379,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21380,8726],{"class":66},[52,21382,608],{"class":70},[52,21384,4447],{"class":74},[52,21386,608],{"class":70},[52,21388,202],{"class":66},[52,21390,19337],{"class":947},[52,21392,80],{"class":66},[52,21394,617],{"class":70},[52,21396,4456],{"class":74},[52,21398,608],{"class":70},[52,21400,202],{"class":66},[52,21402,12946],{"class":947},[52,21404,100],{"class":66},[20,21406,20331],{},[38,21408,21410],{"id":21409},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21412,21413,21415,21416,21418],{},[15,21414,16518],{}," returns a ",[15,21417,21348],{}," view object.",[20,21420,360],{},[163,21422,21423,21426,21429],{},[166,21424,21425],{},"You can loop over it",[166,21427,21428],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[166,21430,21431],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21433,267],{},[43,21435,21437],{"className":45,"code":21436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21438,21439,21471,21485,21489,21503,21507,21526,21530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21440,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463,21465,21467,21469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21442,8613],{"class":58},[52,21444,63],{"class":62},[52,21446,67],{"class":66},[52,21448,71],{"class":70},[52,21450,1611],{"class":74},[52,21452,71],{"class":70},[52,21454,202],{"class":66},[52,21456,4944],{"class":947},[52,21458,80],{"class":66},[52,21460,83],{"class":70},[52,21462,11188],{"class":74},[52,21464,71],{"class":70},[52,21466,202],{"class":66},[52,21468,953],{"class":947},[52,21470,100],{"class":66},[52,21472,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21474,8663],{"class":58},[52,21476,63],{"class":62},[52,21478,14006],{"class":58},[52,21480,114],{"class":66},[52,21482,154],{"class":117},[52,21484,121],{"class":66},[52,21486,21487],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21488,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21490,21491,21493,21495,21497,21499,21501],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21492,135],{"class":134},[52,21494,138],{"class":66},[52,21496,7540],{"class":600},[52,21498,138],{"class":66},[52,21500,8710],{"class":117},[52,21502,1222],{"class":66},[52,21504,21505],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,21506,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21508,21509,21511,21513,21515,21518,21520,21522,21524],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,21510,8652],{"class":58},[52,21512,3344],{"class":66},[52,21514,71],{"class":70},[52,21516,21517],{"class":74},"z",[52,21519,71],{"class":70},[52,21521,12712],{"class":66},[52,21523,12715],{"class":62},[52,21525,2016],{"class":947},[52,21527,21528],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,21529,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21531,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540,21542],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,21533,135],{"class":134},[52,21535,138],{"class":66},[52,21537,7540],{"class":600},[52,21539,138],{"class":66},[52,21541,8710],{"class":117},[52,21543,1222],{"class":66},[20,21545,21546],{},[30,21547,1509],{},[43,21549,21551],{"className":45,"code":21550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21552,21553,21583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21554,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21556,21180],{"class":66},[52,21558,608],{"class":70},[52,21560,1611],{"class":74},[52,21562,608],{"class":70},[52,21564,80],{"class":66},[52,21566,4944],{"class":947},[52,21568,8681],{"class":66},[52,21570,8684],{"class":66},[52,21572,608],{"class":70},[52,21574,11188],{"class":74},[52,21576,608],{"class":70},[52,21578,80],{"class":66},[52,21580,953],{"class":947},[52,21582,8697],{"class":66},[52,21584,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603,21605,21607,21609,21611,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21586,21180],{"class":66},[52,21588,608],{"class":70},[52,21590,1611],{"class":74},[52,21592,608],{"class":70},[52,21594,80],{"class":66},[52,21596,4944],{"class":947},[52,21598,8681],{"class":66},[52,21600,8684],{"class":66},[52,21602,608],{"class":70},[52,21604,11188],{"class":74},[52,21606,608],{"class":70},[52,21608,80],{"class":66},[52,21610,953],{"class":947},[52,21612,8681],{"class":66},[52,21614,8684],{"class":66},[52,21616,608],{"class":70},[52,21618,21517],{"class":74},[52,21620,608],{"class":70},[52,21622,80],{"class":66},[52,21624,958],{"class":947},[52,21626,8697],{"class":66},[20,21628,21629,21630,21632],{},"This happens because ",[15,21631,8710],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[38,21634,21636,21637],{"id":21635},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21638,16518],{},[20,21640,21641,21642,202],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21643,16518],{},[43,21645,21647],{"className":45,"code":21646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21648,21649,21702,21706,21726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21650,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683,21686,21688,21690,21692,21694,21696,21698,21700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21652,12306],{"class":58},[52,21654,63],{"class":62},[52,21656,67],{"class":66},[52,21658,71],{"class":70},[52,21660,7115],{"class":74},[52,21662,71],{"class":70},[52,21664,202],{"class":66},[52,21666,83],{"class":70},[52,21668,7368],{"class":74},[52,21670,71],{"class":70},[52,21672,80],{"class":66},[52,21674,83],{"class":70},[52,21676,19330],{"class":74},[52,21678,71],{"class":70},[52,21680,202],{"class":66},[52,21682,83],{"class":70},[52,21684,21685],{"class":74},"A",[52,21687,71],{"class":70},[52,21689,80],{"class":66},[52,21691,83],{"class":70},[52,21693,8747],{"class":74},[52,21695,71],{"class":70},[52,21697,202],{"class":66},[52,21699,13297],{"class":947},[52,21701,100],{"class":66},[52,21703,21704],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21705,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21707,21708,21710,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21709,5405],{"class":731},[52,21711,21019],{"class":58},[52,21713,80],{"class":66},[52,21715,21024],{"class":58},[52,21717,3326],{"class":731},[52,21719,12349],{"class":58},[52,21721,114],{"class":66},[52,21723,154],{"class":117},[52,21725,21035],{"class":66},[52,21727,21728,21730,21732,21735,21737,21739,21741,21744,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21729,757],{"class":134},[52,21731,138],{"class":66},[52,21733,21734],{"class":1503},"f",[52,21736,71],{"class":74},[52,21738,8726],{"class":947},[52,21740,14281],{"class":117},[52,21742,21743],{"class":947},"}",[52,21745,21746],{"class":74},": ",[52,21748,8726],{"class":947},[52,21750,985],{"class":117},[52,21752,21743],{"class":947},[52,21754,71],{"class":74},[52,21756,144],{"class":66},[20,21758,21759],{},[30,21760,1509],{},[43,21762,21764],{"className":45,"code":21763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21765,21766,21775,21784],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21767,21768,21770,21772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21769,7115],{"class":58},[52,21771,202],{"class":66},[52,21773,21774],{"class":58}," Mia\n",[52,21776,21777,21779,21781],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21778,19330],{"class":58},[52,21780,202],{"class":66},[52,21782,21783],{"class":58}," A\n",[52,21785,21786,21788,21790],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21787,8747],{"class":58},[52,21789,202],{"class":66},[52,21791,21792],{"class":947}," 14\n",[20,21794,21795],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[43,21797,21799],{"className":45,"code":21798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21800,21801,21853,21857,21869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21802,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21804,12306],{"class":58},[52,21806,63],{"class":62},[52,21808,67],{"class":66},[52,21810,71],{"class":70},[52,21812,7115],{"class":74},[52,21814,71],{"class":70},[52,21816,202],{"class":66},[52,21818,83],{"class":70},[52,21820,7368],{"class":74},[52,21822,71],{"class":70},[52,21824,80],{"class":66},[52,21826,83],{"class":70},[52,21828,19330],{"class":74},[52,21830,71],{"class":70},[52,21832,202],{"class":66},[52,21834,83],{"class":70},[52,21836,21685],{"class":74},[52,21838,71],{"class":70},[52,21840,80],{"class":66},[52,21842,83],{"class":70},[52,21844,8747],{"class":74},[52,21846,71],{"class":70},[52,21848,202],{"class":66},[52,21850,13297],{"class":947},[52,21852,100],{"class":66},[52,21854,21855],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21856,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21858,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21860,5405],{"class":731},[52,21862,17648],{"class":58},[52,21864,3326],{"class":731},[52,21866,12349],{"class":58},[52,21868,737],{"class":66},[52,21870,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21885,21887,21889,21891,21893,21895,21897,21899,21901],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,21872,757],{"class":134},[52,21874,138],{"class":66},[52,21876,21734],{"class":1503},[52,21878,71],{"class":74},[52,21880,8726],{"class":947},[52,21882,14281],{"class":117},[52,21884,21743],{"class":947},[52,21886,21746],{"class":74},[52,21888,8726],{"class":947},[52,21890,13065],{"class":117},[52,21892,3344],{"class":66},[52,21894,14281],{"class":117},[52,21896,12712],{"class":66},[52,21898,21743],{"class":947},[52,21900,71],{"class":74},[52,21902,144],{"class":66},[20,21904,5956,21905,21908],{},[15,21906,21907],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21910,21911,21912,114],{},"For a full guide, see ",[221,21913,21915],{"href":21914},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[38,21917,21919],{"id":21918},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21921,21922],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[43,21924,21926],{"className":45,"code":21925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21927,21928,21987,21991,22011,22015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21929,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946,21948,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21965,21967,21969,21971,21974,21976,21978,21980,21983,21985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21931,277],{"class":58},[52,21933,63],{"class":62},[52,21935,67],{"class":66},[52,21937,71],{"class":70},[52,21939,75],{"class":74},[52,21941,71],{"class":70},[52,21943,202],{"class":66},[52,21945,83],{"class":70},[52,21947,286],{"class":74},[52,21949,71],{"class":70},[52,21951,80],{"class":66},[52,21953,83],{"class":70},[52,21955,86],{"class":74},[52,21957,71],{"class":70},[52,21959,202],{"class":66},[52,21961,83],{"class":70},[52,21963,21964],{"class":74},"yellow",[52,21966,71],{"class":70},[52,21968,80],{"class":66},[52,21970,83],{"class":70},[52,21972,21973],{"class":74},"grape",[52,21975,71],{"class":70},[52,21977,202],{"class":66},[52,21979,83],{"class":70},[52,21981,21982],{"class":74},"purple",[52,21984,71],{"class":70},[52,21986,100],{"class":66},[52,21988,21989],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,21990,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,21992,21993,21996,21998,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,21994,21995],{"class":58},"pairs_list ",[52,21997,63],{"class":62},[52,21999,22000],{"class":600}," list",[52,22002,138],{"class":66},[52,22004,348],{"class":117},[52,22006,114],{"class":66},[52,22008,154],{"class":117},[52,22010,6640],{"class":66},[52,22012,22013],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22014,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,22016,22017,22019,22021,22024],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,22018,135],{"class":134},[52,22020,138],{"class":66},[52,22022,22023],{"class":117},"pairs_list",[52,22025,144],{"class":66},[20,22027,22028],{},[30,22029,1509],{},[43,22031,22033],{"className":45,"code":22032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22034,22035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22036,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22038,21180],{"class":66},[52,22040,608],{"class":70},[52,22042,75],{"class":74},[52,22044,608],{"class":70},[52,22046,80],{"class":66},[52,22048,617],{"class":70},[52,22050,286],{"class":74},[52,22052,608],{"class":70},[52,22054,8681],{"class":66},[52,22056,8684],{"class":66},[52,22058,608],{"class":70},[52,22060,86],{"class":74},[52,22062,608],{"class":70},[52,22064,80],{"class":66},[52,22066,617],{"class":70},[52,22068,21964],{"class":74},[52,22070,608],{"class":70},[52,22072,8681],{"class":66},[52,22074,8684],{"class":66},[52,22076,608],{"class":70},[52,22078,21973],{"class":74},[52,22080,608],{"class":70},[52,22082,80],{"class":66},[52,22084,617],{"class":70},[52,22086,21982],{"class":74},[52,22088,608],{"class":70},[52,22090,8697],{"class":66},[20,22092,22093],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22095,22096],{},"Use this when:",[163,22098,22099,22102,22105],{},[166,22100,22101],{},"You want clearer printed output",[166,22103,22104],{},"You need list behavior",[166,22106,22107],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[38,22109,22111,897,22113,897,22115],{"id":22110},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22112,16518],{},[15,22114,16505],{},[15,22116,16511],{},[20,22118,22119],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[163,22121,22122,22127,22132],{},[166,22123,22124,22126],{},[15,22125,16518],{}," gives both key and value",[166,22128,22129,22131],{},[15,22130,16505],{}," gives only keys",[166,22133,22134,22136],{},[15,22135,16511],{}," gives only values",[20,22138,267],{},[43,22140,22142],{"className":45,"code":22141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22143,22144,22180,22184,22202,22220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22145,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22147,12643],{"class":58},[52,22149,63],{"class":62},[52,22151,67],{"class":66},[52,22153,71],{"class":70},[52,22155,7115],{"class":74},[52,22157,71],{"class":70},[52,22159,202],{"class":66},[52,22161,83],{"class":70},[52,22163,12323],{"class":74},[52,22165,71],{"class":70},[52,22167,80],{"class":66},[52,22169,83],{"class":70},[52,22171,8747],{"class":74},[52,22173,71],{"class":70},[52,22175,202],{"class":66},[52,22177,8754],{"class":947},[52,22179,100],{"class":66},[52,22181,22182],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22183,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,22185,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194,22196,22198,22200],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22187,135],{"class":134},[52,22189,138],{"class":66},[52,22191,7540],{"class":600},[52,22193,138],{"class":66},[52,22195,16747],{"class":117},[52,22197,114],{"class":66},[52,22199,16363],{"class":117},[52,22201,5736],{"class":66},[52,22203,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22205,135],{"class":134},[52,22207,138],{"class":66},[52,22209,7540],{"class":600},[52,22211,138],{"class":66},[52,22213,16747],{"class":117},[52,22215,114],{"class":66},[52,22217,4804],{"class":117},[52,22219,5736],{"class":66},[52,22221,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,22223,135],{"class":134},[52,22225,138],{"class":66},[52,22227,7540],{"class":600},[52,22229,138],{"class":66},[52,22231,16747],{"class":117},[52,22233,114],{"class":66},[52,22235,154],{"class":117},[52,22237,5736],{"class":66},[20,22239,22240],{},[30,22241,1509],{},[43,22243,22245],{"className":45,"code":22244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22246,22247,22267,22283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22248,22249,22251,22253,22255,22257,22259,22261,22263,22265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22250,3344],{"class":66},[52,22252,608],{"class":70},[52,22254,7115],{"class":74},[52,22256,608],{"class":70},[52,22258,80],{"class":66},[52,22260,617],{"class":70},[52,22262,8747],{"class":74},[52,22264,608],{"class":70},[52,22266,3076],{"class":66},[52,22268,22269,22271,22273,22275,22277,22279,22281],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22270,3344],{"class":66},[52,22272,608],{"class":70},[52,22274,12323],{"class":74},[52,22276,608],{"class":70},[52,22278,80],{"class":66},[52,22280,8754],{"class":947},[52,22282,3076],{"class":66},[52,22284,22285,22287,22289,22291,22293,22295,22297,22299,22301,22303,22305,22307,22309,22311,22313,22315],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22286,21180],{"class":66},[52,22288,608],{"class":70},[52,22290,7115],{"class":74},[52,22292,608],{"class":70},[52,22294,80],{"class":66},[52,22296,617],{"class":70},[52,22298,12323],{"class":74},[52,22300,608],{"class":70},[52,22302,8681],{"class":66},[52,22304,8684],{"class":66},[52,22306,608],{"class":70},[52,22308,8747],{"class":74},[52,22310,608],{"class":70},[52,22312,80],{"class":66},[52,22314,8754],{"class":947},[52,22316,8697],{"class":66},[20,22318,22319],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[163,22321,22322,22330,22338],{},[166,22323,22324,22325],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[221,22326,22328],{"href":22327},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22329,16505],{},[166,22331,22332,22333],{},"Need just values? Use ",[221,22334,22336],{"href":22335},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22337,16511],{},[166,22339,22340,22341],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22342,16518],{},[38,22344,894,22346],{"id":22345},"when-to-use-items",[15,22347,16518],{},[20,22349,22350,22352],{},[15,22351,16518],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[163,22354,22355,22358,22361,22364,22367],{},[166,22356,22357],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[166,22359,22360],{},"Building formatted output",[166,22362,22363],{},"Looping through settings and values",[166,22365,22366],{},"Showing names with scores",[166,22368,22369],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22371,267],{},[43,22373,22375],{"className":45,"code":22374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22376,22377,22385,22403,22422,22434,22438,22442,22463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22378,22379,22381,22383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22380,13265],{"class":58},[52,22382,63],{"class":62},[52,22384,10935],{"class":66},[52,22386,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22388,10940],{"class":70},[52,22390,11938],{"class":74},[52,22392,71],{"class":70},[52,22394,202],{"class":66},[52,22396,83],{"class":70},[52,22398,11947],{"class":74},[52,22400,71],{"class":70},[52,22402,10956],{"class":66},[52,22404,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22418,22420],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22406,10940],{"class":70},[52,22408,19562],{"class":74},[52,22410,71],{"class":70},[52,22412,202],{"class":66},[52,22414,83],{"class":70},[52,22416,22417],{"class":74},"English",[52,22419,71],{"class":70},[52,22421,10956],{"class":66},[52,22423,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22425,10940],{"class":70},[52,22427,17964],{"class":74},[52,22429,71],{"class":70},[52,22431,202],{"class":66},[52,22433,5868],{"class":3295},[52,22435,22436],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,22437,100],{"class":66},[52,22439,22440],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,22441,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,22443,22444,22446,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,22445,5405],{"class":731},[52,22447,22448],{"class":58}," setting",[52,22450,80],{"class":66},[52,22452,21024],{"class":58},[52,22454,3326],{"class":731},[52,22456,13309],{"class":58},[52,22458,114],{"class":66},[52,22460,154],{"class":117},[52,22462,21035],{"class":66},[52,22464,22465,22467,22469,22471,22473,22475,22478,22480,22483,22485,22487,22489,22491],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,22466,757],{"class":134},[52,22468,138],{"class":66},[52,22470,21734],{"class":1503},[52,22472,71],{"class":74},[52,22474,8726],{"class":947},[52,22476,22477],{"class":117},"setting",[52,22479,21743],{"class":947},[52,22481,22482],{"class":74}," = ",[52,22484,8726],{"class":947},[52,22486,985],{"class":117},[52,22488,21743],{"class":947},[52,22490,71],{"class":74},[52,22492,144],{"class":66},[20,22494,22495],{},[30,22496,1509],{},[43,22498,22500],{"className":45,"code":22499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22501,22502,22512,22522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22503,22504,22507,22509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22505,22506],{"class":58},"theme ",[52,22508,63],{"class":62},[52,22510,22511],{"class":58}," dark\n",[52,22513,22514,22517,22519],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22515,22516],{"class":58},"language ",[52,22518,63],{"class":62},[52,22520,22521],{"class":58}," English\n",[52,22523,22524,22527,22529],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22525,22526],{"class":58},"notifications ",[52,22528,63],{"class":62},[52,22530,5868],{"class":3295},[38,22532,1158],{"id":1157},[20,22534,22535,22536,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22537,16518],{},[699,22539,22541,22542,22544],{"id":22540},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22543,16518],{}," incorrectly",[20,22546,22547,22548,22550,22551,22554],{},"Each result from ",[15,22549,16518],{}," has ",[30,22552,22553],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22556,6134],{},[43,22558,22559],{"className":45,"code":20970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,22560,22561,22597,22601,22621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22562,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22573,22575,22577,22579,22581,22583,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22564,12643],{"class":58},[52,22566,63],{"class":62},[52,22568,67],{"class":66},[52,22570,71],{"class":70},[52,22572,7115],{"class":74},[52,22574,71],{"class":70},[52,22576,202],{"class":66},[52,22578,83],{"class":70},[52,22580,12323],{"class":74},[52,22582,71],{"class":70},[52,22584,80],{"class":66},[52,22586,83],{"class":70},[52,22588,8747],{"class":74},[52,22590,71],{"class":70},[52,22592,202],{"class":66},[52,22594,8754],{"class":947},[52,22596,100],{"class":66},[52,22598,22599],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22600,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,22602,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22619],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22604,5405],{"class":731},[52,22606,21019],{"class":58},[52,22608,80],{"class":66},[52,22610,21024],{"class":58},[52,22612,3326],{"class":731},[52,22614,12686],{"class":58},[52,22616,114],{"class":66},[52,22618,154],{"class":117},[52,22620,21035],{"class":66},[52,22622,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22633],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22624,757],{"class":134},[52,22626,138],{"class":66},[52,22628,14281],{"class":117},[52,22630,80],{"class":66},[52,22632,7880],{"class":117},[52,22634,144],{"class":66},[20,22636,22637],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[43,22639,22641],{"className":45,"code":22640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22642,22643,22679,22683,22699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22644,22645,22647,22649,22651,22653,22655,22657,22659,22661,22663,22665,22667,22669,22671,22673,22675,22677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22646,12643],{"class":58},[52,22648,63],{"class":62},[52,22650,67],{"class":66},[52,22652,71],{"class":70},[52,22654,7115],{"class":74},[52,22656,71],{"class":70},[52,22658,202],{"class":66},[52,22660,83],{"class":70},[52,22662,12323],{"class":74},[52,22664,71],{"class":70},[52,22666,80],{"class":66},[52,22668,83],{"class":70},[52,22670,8747],{"class":74},[52,22672,71],{"class":70},[52,22674,202],{"class":66},[52,22676,8754],{"class":947},[52,22678,100],{"class":66},[52,22680,22681],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22682,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,22684,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693,22695,22697],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22686,5405],{"class":731},[52,22688,17648],{"class":58},[52,22690,3326],{"class":731},[52,22692,12686],{"class":58},[52,22694,114],{"class":66},[52,22696,154],{"class":117},[52,22698,21035],{"class":66},[52,22700,22701,22703,22705,22707],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22702,757],{"class":134},[52,22704,138],{"class":66},[52,22706,14281],{"class":117},[52,22708,144],{"class":66},[20,22710,22711,22712,22714,22715,22718],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22713,14281],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22716,22717],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22720,22721],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[43,22723,22725],{"className":45,"code":22724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22726,22727,22743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22728,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22730,5405],{"class":731},[52,22732,5408],{"class":58},[52,22734,3326],{"class":731},[52,22736,12686],{"class":58},[52,22738,114],{"class":66},[52,22740,154],{"class":117},[52,22742,21035],{"class":66},[52,22744,22745,22747,22749,22751],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22746,757],{"class":134},[52,22748,138],{"class":66},[52,22750,337],{"class":117},[52,22752,144],{"class":66},[20,22754,22755],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[43,22757,22759],{"className":45,"code":22758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22760,22761,22781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22762,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775,22777,22779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22764,5405],{"class":731},[52,22766,21019],{"class":58},[52,22768,80],{"class":66},[52,22770,21024],{"class":58},[52,22772,3326],{"class":731},[52,22774,12686],{"class":58},[52,22776,114],{"class":66},[52,22778,154],{"class":117},[52,22780,21035],{"class":66},[52,22782,22783,22785,22787,22789,22791,22793],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22784,757],{"class":134},[52,22786,138],{"class":66},[52,22788,14281],{"class":117},[52,22790,80],{"class":66},[52,22792,7880],{"class":117},[52,22794,144],{"class":66},[699,22796,1174,22798,22800],{"id":22797},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22799,16518],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22802,22803,21415,22805,22807],{},[15,22804,16518],{},[15,22806,21348],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22809,22810],{},"Check it:",[43,22812,22814],{"className":45,"code":22813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22815,22816,22848,22852,22866,22884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22817,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22819,11167],{"class":58},[52,22821,63],{"class":62},[52,22823,67],{"class":66},[52,22825,71],{"class":70},[52,22827,221],{"class":74},[52,22829,71],{"class":70},[52,22831,202],{"class":66},[52,22833,4944],{"class":947},[52,22835,80],{"class":66},[52,22837,83],{"class":70},[52,22839,4204],{"class":74},[52,22841,71],{"class":70},[52,22843,202],{"class":66},[52,22845,953],{"class":947},[52,22847,100],{"class":66},[52,22849,22850],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22851,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,22853,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22855,135],{"class":134},[52,22857,138],{"class":66},[52,22859,10891],{"class":117},[52,22861,114],{"class":66},[52,22863,154],{"class":117},[52,22865,6640],{"class":66},[52,22867,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876,22878,22880,22882],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,22869,135],{"class":134},[52,22871,138],{"class":66},[52,22873,1231],{"class":600},[52,22875,138],{"class":66},[52,22877,10891],{"class":117},[52,22879,114],{"class":66},[52,22881,154],{"class":117},[52,22883,5736],{"class":66},[52,22885,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896,22898,22900],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,22887,135],{"class":134},[52,22889,138],{"class":66},[52,22891,7540],{"class":600},[52,22893,138],{"class":66},[52,22895,10891],{"class":117},[52,22897,114],{"class":66},[52,22899,154],{"class":117},[52,22901,5736],{"class":66},[20,22903,22904],{},[30,22905,1509],{},[43,22907,22909],{"className":45,"code":22908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22910,22911,22943,22957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22912,22913,22915,22917,22919,22921,22923,22925,22927,22929,22931,22933,22935,22937,22939,22941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22914,21348],{"class":117},[52,22916,9105],{"class":66},[52,22918,608],{"class":70},[52,22920,221],{"class":74},[52,22922,608],{"class":70},[52,22924,80],{"class":66},[52,22926,4944],{"class":947},[52,22928,8681],{"class":66},[52,22930,8684],{"class":66},[52,22932,608],{"class":70},[52,22934,4204],{"class":74},[52,22936,608],{"class":70},[52,22938,80],{"class":66},[52,22940,953],{"class":947},[52,22942,10124],{"class":66},[52,22944,22945,22947,22949,22951,22953,22955],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,22946,2729],{"class":62},[52,22948,2732],{"class":1503},[52,22950,617],{"class":70},[52,22952,21348],{"class":74},[52,22954,608],{"class":70},[52,22956,2741],{"class":62},[52,22958,22959,22961,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,22960,21180],{"class":66},[52,22962,608],{"class":70},[52,22964,221],{"class":74},[52,22966,608],{"class":70},[52,22968,80],{"class":66},[52,22970,4944],{"class":947},[52,22972,8681],{"class":66},[52,22974,8684],{"class":66},[52,22976,608],{"class":70},[52,22978,4204],{"class":74},[52,22980,608],{"class":70},[52,22982,80],{"class":66},[52,22984,953],{"class":947},[52,22986,8697],{"class":66},[699,22988,22990,22991],{"id":22989},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,22992,16518],{},[20,22994,22995],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,22997,22998],{},"Problem example:",[43,23000,23002],{"className":45,"code":23001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23003,23004,23048,23052,23072,23084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23005,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23007,940],{"class":58},[52,23009,63],{"class":62},[52,23011,67],{"class":66},[52,23013,71],{"class":70},[52,23015,221],{"class":74},[52,23017,71],{"class":70},[52,23019,202],{"class":66},[52,23021,4944],{"class":947},[52,23023,80],{"class":66},[52,23025,83],{"class":70},[52,23027,4204],{"class":74},[52,23029,71],{"class":70},[52,23031,202],{"class":66},[52,23033,953],{"class":947},[52,23035,80],{"class":66},[52,23037,83],{"class":70},[52,23039,9187],{"class":74},[52,23041,71],{"class":70},[52,23043,202],{"class":66},[52,23045,958],{"class":947},[52,23047,100],{"class":66},[52,23049,23050],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23051,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23053,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,23055,5405],{"class":731},[52,23057,21019],{"class":58},[52,23059,80],{"class":66},[52,23061,21024],{"class":58},[52,23063,3326],{"class":731},[52,23065,970],{"class":58},[52,23067,114],{"class":66},[52,23069,154],{"class":117},[52,23071,21035],{"class":66},[52,23073,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23075,5844],{"class":731},[52,23077,21024],{"class":58},[52,23079,4131],{"class":62},[52,23081,953],{"class":947},[52,23083,737],{"class":66},[52,23085,23086,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,23087,23088],{"class":58},"        numbers",[52,23090,3344],{"class":66},[52,23092,71],{"class":70},[52,23094,18207],{"class":74},[52,23096,71],{"class":70},[52,23098,12712],{"class":66},[52,23100,12715],{"class":62},[52,23102,23103],{"class":947}," 4\n",[20,23105,23106],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23108,23109],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[43,23111,23113],{"className":45,"code":23112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23114,23115,23159,23163,23188,23200,23218,23222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23116,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23118,940],{"class":58},[52,23120,63],{"class":62},[52,23122,67],{"class":66},[52,23124,71],{"class":70},[52,23126,221],{"class":74},[52,23128,71],{"class":70},[52,23130,202],{"class":66},[52,23132,4944],{"class":947},[52,23134,80],{"class":66},[52,23136,83],{"class":70},[52,23138,4204],{"class":74},[52,23140,71],{"class":70},[52,23142,202],{"class":66},[52,23144,953],{"class":947},[52,23146,80],{"class":66},[52,23148,83],{"class":70},[52,23150,9187],{"class":74},[52,23152,71],{"class":70},[52,23154,202],{"class":66},[52,23156,958],{"class":947},[52,23158,100],{"class":66},[52,23160,23161],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23162,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23164,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,23166,5405],{"class":731},[52,23168,21019],{"class":58},[52,23170,80],{"class":66},[52,23172,21024],{"class":58},[52,23174,3326],{"class":731},[52,23176,22000],{"class":600},[52,23178,138],{"class":66},[52,23180,1037],{"class":117},[52,23182,114],{"class":66},[52,23184,154],{"class":117},[52,23186,23187],{"class":66},"()):\n",[52,23189,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23191,5844],{"class":731},[52,23193,21024],{"class":58},[52,23195,4131],{"class":62},[52,23197,953],{"class":947},[52,23199,737],{"class":66},[52,23201,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,23203,23088],{"class":58},[52,23205,3344],{"class":66},[52,23207,71],{"class":70},[52,23209,18207],{"class":74},[52,23211,71],{"class":70},[52,23213,12712],{"class":66},[52,23215,12715],{"class":62},[52,23217,23103],{"class":947},[52,23219,23220],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,23221,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23223,23224,23226,23228,23230],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,23225,135],{"class":134},[52,23227,138],{"class":66},[52,23229,1037],{"class":117},[52,23231,144],{"class":66},[699,23233,23235],{"id":23234},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23237,23238],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[43,23240,23242],{"className":45,"code":23241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23243,23244,23276,23280,23296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23245,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23247,8613],{"class":58},[52,23249,63],{"class":62},[52,23251,67],{"class":66},[52,23253,71],{"class":70},[52,23255,1611],{"class":74},[52,23257,71],{"class":70},[52,23259,202],{"class":66},[52,23261,5451],{"class":947},[52,23263,80],{"class":66},[52,23265,83],{"class":70},[52,23267,11188],{"class":74},[52,23269,71],{"class":70},[52,23271,202],{"class":66},[52,23273,7237],{"class":947},[52,23275,100],{"class":66},[52,23277,23278],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23279,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23281,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,23283,5405],{"class":731},[52,23285,5408],{"class":58},[52,23287,3326],{"class":731},[52,23289,14006],{"class":58},[52,23291,114],{"class":66},[52,23293,154],{"class":117},[52,23295,21035],{"class":66},[52,23297,23298,23300,23302,23304],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23299,757],{"class":134},[52,23301,138],{"class":66},[52,23303,337],{"class":117},[52,23305,144],{"class":66},[20,23307,23308],{},[30,23309,1509],{},[43,23311,23313],{"className":45,"code":23312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23314,23315,23331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23316,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23318,138],{"class":66},[52,23320,608],{"class":70},[52,23322,1611],{"class":74},[52,23324,608],{"class":70},[52,23326,80],{"class":66},[52,23328,5451],{"class":947},[52,23330,144],{"class":66},[52,23332,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23334,138],{"class":66},[52,23336,608],{"class":70},[52,23338,11188],{"class":74},[52,23340,608],{"class":70},[52,23342,80],{"class":66},[52,23344,7237],{"class":947},[52,23346,144],{"class":66},[20,23348,23349,23350,23352],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23351,21095],{}," pair.",[38,23354,1273],{"id":1272},[699,23356,23358,23359,4589],{"id":23357},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23360,16518],{},[20,23362,16862,23363,23365],{},[15,23364,21348],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[699,23367,1277,23369,23371],{"id":23368},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23370,16518],{}," return a list?",[20,23373,23374,23375,23378],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23376,23377],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[699,23380,23382,23383,1293],{"id":23381},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23384,16518],{},[20,23386,23387],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[43,23389,23391],{"className":45,"code":23390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23392,23393,23413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23394,23395,23397,23399,23401,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23396,5405],{"class":731},[52,23398,21019],{"class":58},[52,23400,80],{"class":66},[52,23402,21024],{"class":58},[52,23404,3326],{"class":731},[52,23406,11209],{"class":58},[52,23408,114],{"class":66},[52,23410,154],{"class":117},[52,23412,21035],{"class":66},[52,23414,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23416,757],{"class":134},[52,23418,138],{"class":66},[52,23420,14281],{"class":117},[52,23422,80],{"class":66},[52,23424,7880],{"class":117},[52,23426,144],{"class":66},[699,23428,1277,23430,23432],{"id":23429},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23431,16518],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23434,23435],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[38,23437,1332],{"id":1331},[163,23439,23440,23446,23452,23457,23461],{},[166,23441,23442],{},[221,23443,10182,23444,1070],{"href":22327},[15,23445,16505],{},[166,23447,23448],{},[221,23449,10182,23450,1070],{"href":22335},[15,23451,16511],{},[166,23453,23454],{},[221,23455,23456],{"href":21914},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[166,23458,23459],{},[221,23460,8603],{"href":12466},[166,23462,23463],{},[221,23464,23465],{"href":21218},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1364,23467,23468],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":23470},[23471,23472,23474,23475,23476,23478,23479,23481,23483,23492,23502],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":21078,"depth":103,"text":23473},"What items() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":21409,"depth":103,"text":21410},{"id":21635,"depth":103,"text":23477},"Looping with items()",{"id":21918,"depth":103,"text":21919},{"id":22110,"depth":103,"text":23480},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22345,"depth":103,"text":23482},"When to use items()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":23484},[23485,23487,23489,23491],{"id":22540,"depth":124,"text":23486},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22797,"depth":124,"text":23488},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22989,"depth":124,"text":23490},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23234,"depth":124,"text":23235},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":23493},[23494,23496,23498,23500],{"id":23357,"depth":124,"text":23495},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23368,"depth":124,"text":23497},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23381,"depth":124,"text":23499},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23429,"depth":124,"text":23501},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20946,"description":23503},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23510,"title":23511,"body":23512,"description":25602,"extension":1401,"meta":25603,"navigation":127,"path":22327,"seo":25604,"stem":25605,"__hash__":25606},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23513,"toc":25568},[23514,23519,23525,23528,23539,23546,23548,23631,23635,23682,23687,23692,23697,23699,23715,23717,23816,23820,23877,23880,23882,23885,23978,23982,24045,24048,24064,24069,24071,24073,24088,24090,24101,24103,24146,24149,24193,24196,24198,24205,24208,24225,24227,24320,24324,24365,24377,24381,24384,24472,24476,24496,24499,24526,24533,24538,24542,24553,24555,24659,24663,24689,24692,24759,24764,24767,24790,24795,24799,24804,24810,24815,24817,24872,24876,24903,24910,24916,24919,24944,24950,24976,24979,25054,25061,25066,25068,25107,25125,25129,25132,25175,25178,25180,25199,25201,25206,25231,25234,25304,25307,25380,25384,25386,25447,25449,25465,25467,25472,25477,25484,25493,25499,25505,25512,25518,25522,25527,25529,25565],[10,23515,10760,23517,18],{"id":23516},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23518,16505],{},[20,23520,23521,23522,23524],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23523,16505],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23526,23527],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[163,23529,23530,23533,23536],{},[166,23531,23532],{},"view the available keys",[166,23534,23535],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[166,23537,23538],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23540,23541,23543,23544,114],{},[15,23542,16505],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23545,16454],{},[38,23547,41],{"id":40},[43,23549,23551],{"className":45,"code":23550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23552,23553,23589,23603,23607,23617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23554,23555,23557,23559,23561,23563,23565,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23556,12306],{"class":58},[52,23558,63],{"class":62},[52,23560,67],{"class":66},[52,23562,71],{"class":70},[52,23564,7115],{"class":74},[52,23566,71],{"class":70},[52,23568,202],{"class":66},[52,23570,83],{"class":70},[52,23572,12323],{"class":74},[52,23574,71],{"class":70},[52,23576,80],{"class":66},[52,23578,83],{"class":70},[52,23580,8747],{"class":74},[52,23582,71],{"class":70},[52,23584,202],{"class":66},[52,23586,7237],{"class":947},[52,23588,100],{"class":66},[52,23590,23591,23593,23595,23597,23599,23601],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23592,16682],{"class":58},[52,23594,63],{"class":62},[52,23596,12349],{"class":58},[52,23598,114],{"class":66},[52,23600,16363],{"class":117},[52,23602,121],{"class":66},[52,23604,23605],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,23606,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23608,23609,23611,23613,23615],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23610,135],{"class":134},[52,23612,138],{"class":66},[52,23614,16363],{"class":117},[52,23616,144],{"class":66},[52,23618,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,23620,135],{"class":134},[52,23622,138],{"class":66},[52,23624,7540],{"class":600},[52,23626,138],{"class":66},[52,23628,16363],{"class":117},[52,23630,1222],{"class":66},[20,23632,23633],{},[30,23634,1509],{},[43,23636,23638],{"className":45,"code":23637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23639,23640,23662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23641,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23643,16454],{"class":117},[52,23645,2424],{"class":66},[52,23647,608],{"class":70},[52,23649,7115],{"class":74},[52,23651,608],{"class":70},[52,23653,80],{"class":66},[52,23655,617],{"class":70},[52,23657,8747],{"class":74},[52,23659,608],{"class":70},[52,23661,3332],{"class":66},[52,23663,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23665,3344],{"class":66},[52,23667,608],{"class":70},[52,23669,7115],{"class":74},[52,23671,608],{"class":70},[52,23673,80],{"class":66},[52,23675,617],{"class":70},[52,23677,8747],{"class":74},[52,23679,608],{"class":70},[52,23681,3076],{"class":66},[20,23683,799,23684,23686],{},[15,23685,16505],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[38,23688,194,23690,197],{"id":23689},"what-keys-does",[15,23691,16505],{},[20,23693,23694,23696],{},[15,23695,16505],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23698,10900],{},[163,23700,23701,23704,23707,23712],{},[166,23702,23703],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[166,23705,23706],{},"It does not need any arguments",[166,23708,16862,23709,23711],{},[15,23710,16454],{}," view object, not a list",[166,23713,23714],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23716,267],{},[43,23718,23720],{"className":45,"code":23719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23721,23722,23758,23762,23776,23780,23802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23723,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744,23746,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23725,12643],{"class":58},[52,23727,63],{"class":62},[52,23729,67],{"class":66},[52,23731,71],{"class":70},[52,23733,7115],{"class":74},[52,23735,71],{"class":70},[52,23737,202],{"class":66},[52,23739,83],{"class":70},[52,23741,12660],{"class":74},[52,23743,71],{"class":70},[52,23745,80],{"class":66},[52,23747,83],{"class":70},[52,23749,8747],{"class":74},[52,23751,71],{"class":70},[52,23753,202],{"class":66},[52,23755,8754],{"class":947},[52,23757,100],{"class":66},[52,23759,23760],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23761,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23763,23764,23766,23768,23770,23772,23774],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,23765,135],{"class":134},[52,23767,138],{"class":66},[52,23769,16747],{"class":117},[52,23771,114],{"class":66},[52,23773,16363],{"class":117},[52,23775,6640],{"class":66},[52,23777,23778],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23779,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23781,23782,23784,23786,23788,23790,23792,23794,23796,23798,23800],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,23783,16747],{"class":58},[52,23785,3344],{"class":66},[52,23787,71],{"class":70},[52,23789,9857],{"class":74},[52,23791,71],{"class":70},[52,23793,12712],{"class":66},[52,23795,12715],{"class":62},[52,23797,83],{"class":70},[52,23799,9864],{"class":74},[52,23801,2797],{"class":70},[52,23803,23804,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,23805,135],{"class":134},[52,23807,138],{"class":66},[52,23809,16747],{"class":117},[52,23811,114],{"class":66},[52,23813,16363],{"class":117},[52,23815,6640],{"class":66},[20,23817,23818],{},[30,23819,1509],{},[43,23821,23823],{"className":45,"code":23822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23824,23825,23847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23826,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841,23843,23845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23828,16454],{"class":117},[52,23830,2424],{"class":66},[52,23832,608],{"class":70},[52,23834,7115],{"class":74},[52,23836,608],{"class":70},[52,23838,80],{"class":66},[52,23840,617],{"class":70},[52,23842,8747],{"class":74},[52,23844,608],{"class":70},[52,23846,3332],{"class":66},[52,23848,23849,23851,23853,23855,23857,23859,23861,23863,23865,23867,23869,23871,23873,23875],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23850,16454],{"class":117},[52,23852,2424],{"class":66},[52,23854,608],{"class":70},[52,23856,7115],{"class":74},[52,23858,608],{"class":70},[52,23860,80],{"class":66},[52,23862,617],{"class":70},[52,23864,8747],{"class":74},[52,23866,608],{"class":70},[52,23868,80],{"class":66},[52,23870,617],{"class":70},[52,23872,9857],{"class":74},[52,23874,608],{"class":70},[52,23876,3332],{"class":66},[20,23878,23879],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[38,23881,5234],{"id":5233},[20,23883,23884],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[43,23886,23888],{"className":45,"code":23887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23889,23890,23942,23946,23960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23891,23892,23894,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23893,8613],{"class":58},[52,23895,63],{"class":62},[52,23897,67],{"class":66},[52,23899,71],{"class":70},[52,23901,7115],{"class":74},[52,23903,71],{"class":70},[52,23905,202],{"class":66},[52,23907,83],{"class":70},[52,23909,12323],{"class":74},[52,23911,71],{"class":70},[52,23913,80],{"class":66},[52,23915,83],{"class":70},[52,23917,8747],{"class":74},[52,23919,71],{"class":70},[52,23921,202],{"class":66},[52,23923,7237],{"class":947},[52,23925,80],{"class":66},[52,23927,83],{"class":70},[52,23929,19330],{"class":74},[52,23931,71],{"class":70},[52,23933,202],{"class":66},[52,23935,83],{"class":70},[52,23937,21685],{"class":74},[52,23939,71],{"class":70},[52,23941,100],{"class":66},[52,23943,23944],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,23945,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,23947,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956,23958],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,23949,135],{"class":134},[52,23951,138],{"class":66},[52,23953,8652],{"class":117},[52,23955,114],{"class":66},[52,23957,16363],{"class":117},[52,23959,6640],{"class":66},[52,23961,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974,23976],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,23963,135],{"class":134},[52,23965,138],{"class":66},[52,23967,7540],{"class":600},[52,23969,138],{"class":66},[52,23971,8652],{"class":117},[52,23973,114],{"class":66},[52,23975,16363],{"class":117},[52,23977,5736],{"class":66},[20,23979,23980],{},[30,23981,1509],{},[43,23983,23985],{"className":45,"code":23984,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,23986,23987,24017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23988,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23990,16454],{"class":117},[52,23992,2424],{"class":66},[52,23994,608],{"class":70},[52,23996,7115],{"class":74},[52,23998,608],{"class":70},[52,24000,80],{"class":66},[52,24002,617],{"class":70},[52,24004,8747],{"class":74},[52,24006,608],{"class":70},[52,24008,80],{"class":66},[52,24010,617],{"class":70},[52,24012,19330],{"class":74},[52,24014,608],{"class":70},[52,24016,3332],{"class":66},[52,24018,24019,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24020,3344],{"class":66},[52,24022,608],{"class":70},[52,24024,7115],{"class":74},[52,24026,608],{"class":70},[52,24028,80],{"class":66},[52,24030,617],{"class":70},[52,24032,8747],{"class":74},[52,24034,608],{"class":70},[52,24036,80],{"class":66},[52,24038,617],{"class":70},[52,24040,19330],{"class":74},[52,24042,608],{"class":70},[52,24044,3076],{"class":66},[20,24046,24047],{},"This shows two things:",[163,24049,24050,24058],{},[166,24051,24052,21415,24055,24057],{},[15,24053,24054],{},"data.keys()",[15,24056,16454],{}," object",[166,24059,24060,24063],{},[15,24061,24062],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24065,8599,24066,114],{},[221,24067,24068],{"href":8838},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[38,24070,4877],{"id":4876},[20,24072,1597],{},[43,24074,24076],{"className":45,"code":24075,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24077,24078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24079,24080,24082,24084,24086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24081,10891],{"class":58},[52,24083,114],{"class":66},[52,24085,16363],{"class":117},[52,24087,121],{"class":66},[20,24089,21240],{},[163,24091,24092,24095,24098],{},[166,24093,24094],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[166,24096,24097],{},"It takes no parameters",[166,24099,24100],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24102,16095],{},[43,24104,24106],{"className":45,"code":24105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24107,24108,24132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24109,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24111,12306],{"class":58},[52,24113,63],{"class":62},[52,24115,67],{"class":66},[52,24117,71],{"class":70},[52,24119,7115],{"class":74},[52,24121,71],{"class":70},[52,24123,202],{"class":66},[52,24125,83],{"class":70},[52,24127,12323],{"class":74},[52,24129,71],{"class":70},[52,24131,100],{"class":66},[52,24133,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24135,135],{"class":134},[52,24137,138],{"class":66},[52,24139,13065],{"class":117},[52,24141,114],{"class":66},[52,24143,16363],{"class":117},[52,24145,6640],{"class":66},[20,24147,24148],{},"Incorrect:",[43,24150,24152],{"className":45,"code":24151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24153,24154,24178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24155,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24157,12306],{"class":58},[52,24159,63],{"class":62},[52,24161,67],{"class":66},[52,24163,71],{"class":70},[52,24165,7115],{"class":74},[52,24167,71],{"class":70},[52,24169,202],{"class":66},[52,24171,83],{"class":70},[52,24173,12323],{"class":74},[52,24175,71],{"class":70},[52,24177,100],{"class":66},[52,24179,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24191],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24181,135],{"class":134},[52,24183,138],{"class":66},[52,24185,13065],{"class":117},[52,24187,114],{"class":66},[52,24189,16363],{"class":24190},"skxfh",[52,24192,144],{"class":66},[20,24194,24195],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[38,24197,16859],{"id":16858},[20,24199,24200,21415,24202,24204],{},[15,24201,16505],{},[15,24203,16454],{}," object.",[20,24206,24207],{},"This object:",[163,24209,24210,24213,24216,24222],{},[166,24211,24212],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[166,24214,24215],{},"can be used in a loop",[166,24217,24218,24219],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24220,24221],{},"list()",[166,24223,24224],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24226,267],{},[43,24228,24230],{"className":45,"code":24229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24231,24232,24273,24277,24292,24296,24306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24233,24234,24237,24239,24241,24243,24246,24248,24250,24252,24255,24257,24259,24261,24264,24266,24268,24271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24235,24236],{"class":58},"car ",[52,24238,63],{"class":62},[52,24240,67],{"class":66},[52,24242,71],{"class":70},[52,24244,24245],{"class":74},"brand",[52,24247,71],{"class":70},[52,24249,202],{"class":66},[52,24251,83],{"class":70},[52,24253,24254],{"class":74},"Toyota",[52,24256,71],{"class":70},[52,24258,80],{"class":66},[52,24260,83],{"class":70},[52,24262,24263],{"class":74},"year",[52,24265,71],{"class":70},[52,24267,202],{"class":66},[52,24269,24270],{"class":947}," 2020",[52,24272,100],{"class":66},[52,24274,24275],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24276,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,24278,24279,24281,24283,24286,24288,24290],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,24280,1668],{"class":58},[52,24282,63],{"class":62},[52,24284,24285],{"class":58}," car",[52,24287,114],{"class":66},[52,24289,16363],{"class":117},[52,24291,121],{"class":66},[52,24293,24294],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24295,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,24297,24298,24300,24302,24304],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,24299,135],{"class":134},[52,24301,138],{"class":66},[52,24303,1703],{"class":117},[52,24305,144],{"class":66},[52,24307,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,24309,135],{"class":134},[52,24311,138],{"class":66},[52,24313,1231],{"class":600},[52,24315,138],{"class":66},[52,24317,1703],{"class":117},[52,24319,1222],{"class":66},[20,24321,24322],{},[30,24323,1509],{},[43,24325,24327],{"className":45,"code":24326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24328,24329,24351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24330,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24332,16454],{"class":117},[52,24334,2424],{"class":66},[52,24336,608],{"class":70},[52,24338,24245],{"class":74},[52,24340,608],{"class":70},[52,24342,80],{"class":66},[52,24344,617],{"class":70},[52,24346,24263],{"class":74},[52,24348,608],{"class":70},[52,24350,3332],{"class":66},[52,24352,24353,24355,24357,24359,24361,24363],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24354,2729],{"class":62},[52,24356,2732],{"class":1503},[52,24358,617],{"class":70},[52,24360,16454],{"class":74},[52,24362,608],{"class":70},[52,24364,2741],{"class":62},[20,24366,24367,24368,24372,24373,114],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[221,24369,10182,24370,1070],{"href":16508},[15,24371,16511],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[221,24374,10182,24375,1070],{"href":16515},[15,24376,16518],{},[38,24378,24380],{"id":24379},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24382,24383],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[43,24385,24387],{"className":45,"code":24386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24388,24389,24442,24446,24462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24390,24391,24393,24395,24397,24399,24401,24403,24405,24407,24409,24411,24413,24415,24417,24419,24421,24423,24425,24427,24429,24431,24433,24435,24438,24440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24392,12306],{"class":58},[52,24394,63],{"class":62},[52,24396,67],{"class":66},[52,24398,71],{"class":70},[52,24400,7115],{"class":74},[52,24402,71],{"class":70},[52,24404,202],{"class":66},[52,24406,83],{"class":70},[52,24408,12323],{"class":74},[52,24410,71],{"class":70},[52,24412,80],{"class":66},[52,24414,83],{"class":70},[52,24416,8747],{"class":74},[52,24418,71],{"class":70},[52,24420,202],{"class":66},[52,24422,7237],{"class":947},[52,24424,80],{"class":66},[52,24426,83],{"class":70},[52,24428,14769],{"class":74},[52,24430,71],{"class":70},[52,24432,202],{"class":66},[52,24434,83],{"class":70},[52,24436,24437],{"class":74},"Math",[52,24439,71],{"class":70},[52,24441,100],{"class":66},[52,24443,24444],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24445,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,24447,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456,24458,24460],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,24449,5405],{"class":731},[52,24451,17648],{"class":58},[52,24453,3326],{"class":731},[52,24455,12349],{"class":58},[52,24457,114],{"class":66},[52,24459,16363],{"class":117},[52,24461,21035],{"class":66},[52,24463,24464,24466,24468,24470],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24465,757],{"class":134},[52,24467,138],{"class":66},[52,24469,14281],{"class":117},[52,24471,144],{"class":66},[20,24473,24474],{},[30,24475,1509],{},[43,24477,24479],{"className":45,"code":24478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24480,24481,24486,24491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24482,24483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24484,24485],{"class":58},"name\n",[52,24487,24488],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24489,24490],{"class":58},"age\n",[52,24492,24493],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,24494,24495],{"class":58},"course\n",[20,24497,24498],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[43,24500,24502],{"className":45,"code":24501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24503,24504,24516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24505,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24507,5405],{"class":731},[52,24509,17648],{"class":58},[52,24511,3326],{"class":731},[52,24513,12349],{"class":58},[52,24515,737],{"class":66},[52,24517,24518,24520,24522,24524],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24519,757],{"class":134},[52,24521,138],{"class":66},[52,24523,14281],{"class":117},[52,24525,144],{"class":66},[20,24527,24528,24529,24532],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24530,24531],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[38,24534,894,24536],{"id":24535},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24537,16505],{},[20,24539,799,24540,916],{},[15,24541,16505],{},[163,24543,24544,24547,24550],{},[166,24545,24546],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[166,24548,24549],{},"you want to display available fields",[166,24551,24552],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24554,267],{},[43,24556,24558],{"className":45,"code":24557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24559,24560,24613,24617,24632,24649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24561,24562,24565,24567,24569,24571,24573,24575,24577,24579,24582,24584,24586,24588,24591,24593,24595,24598,24600,24602,24605,24607,24609,24611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24563,24564],{"class":58},"product ",[52,24566,63],{"class":62},[52,24568,67],{"class":66},[52,24570,71],{"class":70},[52,24572,7115],{"class":74},[52,24574,71],{"class":70},[52,24576,202],{"class":66},[52,24578,83],{"class":70},[52,24580,24581],{"class":74},"Book",[52,24583,71],{"class":70},[52,24585,80],{"class":66},[52,24587,83],{"class":70},[52,24589,24590],{"class":74},"price",[52,24592,71],{"class":70},[52,24594,202],{"class":66},[52,24596,24597],{"class":947}," 12.99",[52,24599,80],{"class":66},[52,24601,83],{"class":70},[52,24603,24604],{"class":74},"stock",[52,24606,71],{"class":70},[52,24608,202],{"class":66},[52,24610,4048],{"class":947},[52,24612,100],{"class":66},[52,24614,24615],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24616,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,24618,24619,24621,24623,24625,24628,24630],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,24620,135],{"class":134},[52,24622,138],{"class":66},[52,24624,71],{"class":70},[52,24626,24627],{"class":74},"Available fields:",[52,24629,71],{"class":70},[52,24631,144],{"class":66},[52,24633,24634,24636,24638,24640,24643,24645,24647],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24635,5405],{"class":731},[52,24637,17648],{"class":58},[52,24639,3326],{"class":731},[52,24641,24642],{"class":58}," product",[52,24644,114],{"class":66},[52,24646,16363],{"class":117},[52,24648,21035],{"class":66},[52,24650,24651,24653,24655,24657],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,24652,757],{"class":134},[52,24654,138],{"class":66},[52,24656,14281],{"class":117},[52,24658,144],{"class":66},[20,24660,24661],{},[30,24662,1509],{},[43,24664,24666],{"className":45,"code":24665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24667,24668,24675,24679,24684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24669,24670,24673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24671,24672],{"class":58},"Available fields",[52,24674,737],{"class":66},[52,24676,24677],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24678,24485],{"class":58},[52,24680,24681],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,24682,24683],{"class":58},"price\n",[52,24685,24686],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,24687,24688],{"class":58},"stock\n",[20,24690,24691],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[43,24693,24695],{"className":45,"code":24694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24696,24697,24733,24737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24698,24699,24701,24703,24705,24707,24709,24711,24713,24715,24717,24719,24721,24723,24725,24727,24729,24731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24700,24564],{"class":58},[52,24702,63],{"class":62},[52,24704,67],{"class":66},[52,24706,71],{"class":70},[52,24708,7115],{"class":74},[52,24710,71],{"class":70},[52,24712,202],{"class":66},[52,24714,83],{"class":70},[52,24716,24581],{"class":74},[52,24718,71],{"class":70},[52,24720,80],{"class":66},[52,24722,83],{"class":70},[52,24724,24590],{"class":74},[52,24726,71],{"class":70},[52,24728,202],{"class":66},[52,24730,24597],{"class":947},[52,24732,100],{"class":66},[52,24734,24735],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24736,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,24738,24739,24741,24743,24745,24747,24749,24751,24753,24755,24757],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,24740,135],{"class":134},[52,24742,138],{"class":66},[52,24744,71],{"class":70},[52,24746,7115],{"class":74},[52,24748,71],{"class":70},[52,24750,20613],{"class":731},[52,24752,24642],{"class":117},[52,24754,114],{"class":66},[52,24756,16363],{"class":117},[52,24758,6640],{"class":66},[20,24760,24761,24762,114],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24763,3044],{},[20,24765,24766],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[43,24768,24770],{"className":45,"code":24769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24771,24772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24773,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784,24786,24788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24775,135],{"class":134},[52,24777,138],{"class":66},[52,24779,71],{"class":70},[52,24781,7115],{"class":74},[52,24783,71],{"class":70},[52,24785,20613],{"class":731},[52,24787,24642],{"class":117},[52,24789,144],{"class":66},[20,24791,24792,24793,114],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[221,24794,20646],{"href":16593},[38,24796,24798],{"id":24797},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24800,24801,24802,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24803,16505],{},[699,24805,1174,24807,24809],{"id":24806},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24808,16505],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24811,24812,24814],{},[15,24813,16505],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24816,267],{},[43,24818,24820],{"className":45,"code":24819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24821,24822,24858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24823,24824,24826,24828,24830,24832,24834,24836,24838,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24825,8613],{"class":58},[52,24827,63],{"class":62},[52,24829,67],{"class":66},[52,24831,71],{"class":70},[52,24833,7115],{"class":74},[52,24835,71],{"class":70},[52,24837,202],{"class":66},[52,24839,83],{"class":70},[52,24841,12323],{"class":74},[52,24843,71],{"class":70},[52,24845,80],{"class":66},[52,24847,83],{"class":70},[52,24849,8747],{"class":74},[52,24851,71],{"class":70},[52,24853,202],{"class":66},[52,24855,7237],{"class":947},[52,24857,100],{"class":66},[52,24859,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,24861,135],{"class":134},[52,24863,138],{"class":66},[52,24865,8652],{"class":117},[52,24867,114],{"class":66},[52,24869,16363],{"class":117},[52,24871,6640],{"class":66},[20,24873,24874],{},[30,24875,1509],{},[43,24877,24879],{"className":45,"code":24878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24880,24881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24882,24883,24885,24887,24889,24891,24893,24895,24897,24899,24901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24884,16454],{"class":117},[52,24886,2424],{"class":66},[52,24888,608],{"class":70},[52,24890,7115],{"class":74},[52,24892,608],{"class":70},[52,24894,80],{"class":66},[52,24896,617],{"class":70},[52,24898,8747],{"class":74},[52,24900,608],{"class":70},[52,24902,3332],{"class":66},[20,24904,24905,24906,114],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[221,24907,24908],{"href":16515},[15,24909,16518],{},[699,24911,24913,24914],{"id":24912},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24915,16454],{},[20,24917,24918],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[43,24920,24922],{"className":45,"code":24921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24923,24924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24925,24926,24928,24930,24932,24934,24936,24938,24940,24942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24927,3344],{"class":66},[52,24929,608],{"class":70},[52,24931,7115],{"class":74},[52,24933,608],{"class":70},[52,24935,80],{"class":66},[52,24937,617],{"class":70},[52,24939,8747],{"class":74},[52,24941,608],{"class":70},[52,24943,3076],{"class":66},[20,24945,24946,24947,24949],{},"But ",[15,24948,16505],{}," returns:",[43,24951,24952],{"className":45,"code":24878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,24953,24954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24955,24956,24958,24960,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972,24974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24957,16454],{"class":117},[52,24959,2424],{"class":66},[52,24961,608],{"class":70},[52,24963,7115],{"class":74},[52,24965,608],{"class":70},[52,24967,80],{"class":66},[52,24969,617],{"class":70},[52,24971,8747],{"class":74},[52,24973,608],{"class":70},[52,24975,3332],{"class":66},[20,24977,24978],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[43,24980,24982],{"className":45,"code":24981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,24983,24984,25020,25039,25043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24985,24986,24988,24990,24992,24994,24996,24998,25000,25002,25004,25006,25008,25010,25012,25014,25016,25018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24987,8613],{"class":58},[52,24989,63],{"class":62},[52,24991,67],{"class":66},[52,24993,71],{"class":70},[52,24995,7115],{"class":74},[52,24997,71],{"class":70},[52,24999,202],{"class":66},[52,25001,83],{"class":70},[52,25003,12323],{"class":74},[52,25005,71],{"class":70},[52,25007,80],{"class":66},[52,25009,83],{"class":70},[52,25011,8747],{"class":74},[52,25013,71],{"class":70},[52,25015,202],{"class":66},[52,25017,7237],{"class":947},[52,25019,100],{"class":66},[52,25021,25022,25025,25027,25029,25031,25033,25035,25037],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25023,25024],{"class":58},"key_list ",[52,25026,63],{"class":62},[52,25028,22000],{"class":600},[52,25030,138],{"class":66},[52,25032,8652],{"class":117},[52,25034,114],{"class":66},[52,25036,16363],{"class":117},[52,25038,6640],{"class":66},[52,25040,25041],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,25042,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,25044,25045,25047,25049,25052],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25046,135],{"class":134},[52,25048,138],{"class":66},[52,25050,25051],{"class":117},"key_list",[52,25053,144],{"class":66},[699,25055,25057,25058,25060],{"id":25056},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25059,16505],{}," on a list or string",[20,25062,25063,25065],{},[15,25064,16505],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25067,2275],{},[43,25069,25071],{"className":45,"code":25070,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25072,25073,25093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25074,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25076,940],{"class":58},[52,25078,63],{"class":62},[52,25080,3063],{"class":66},[52,25082,948],{"class":947},[52,25084,80],{"class":66},[52,25086,953],{"class":947},[52,25088,80],{"class":66},[52,25090,958],{"class":947},[52,25092,3076],{"class":66},[52,25094,25095,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25096,135],{"class":134},[52,25098,138],{"class":66},[52,25100,1037],{"class":117},[52,25102,114],{"class":66},[52,25104,16363],{"class":117},[52,25106,6640],{"class":66},[20,25108,25109,25110,25113,25114,25116,25117,114],{},"You may get an ",[15,25111,25112],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25115,16505],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[221,25118,25120,25121,25124],{"href":25119},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25122,25123],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[699,25126,25128],{"id":25127},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25130,25131],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[43,25133,25135],{"className":45,"code":25134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25136,25137,25161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25138,25139,25141,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25140,8613],{"class":58},[52,25142,63],{"class":62},[52,25144,67],{"class":66},[52,25146,71],{"class":70},[52,25148,7115],{"class":74},[52,25150,71],{"class":70},[52,25152,202],{"class":66},[52,25154,83],{"class":70},[52,25156,12323],{"class":74},[52,25158,71],{"class":70},[52,25160,100],{"class":66},[52,25162,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25164,135],{"class":134},[52,25166,138],{"class":66},[52,25168,8652],{"class":117},[52,25170,114],{"class":66},[52,25172,16363],{"class":24190},[52,25174,144],{"class":66},[20,25176,25177],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25179,18134],{},[43,25181,25183],{"className":45,"code":25182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25184,25185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25186,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25188,135],{"class":134},[52,25190,138],{"class":66},[52,25192,8652],{"class":117},[52,25194,114],{"class":66},[52,25196,16363],{"class":117},[52,25198,6640],{"class":66},[38,25200,1158],{"id":1157},[20,25202,25203,25204,202],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25205,16505],{},[163,25207,25208,25213,25219,25225],{},[166,25209,1185,25210,25212],{},[15,25211,16505],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[166,25214,25215,25216,25218],{},"Thinking ",[15,25217,16505],{}," returns values too",[166,25220,25221,25222,25224],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25223,16454],{}," like a normal list",[166,25226,25227,25228,25230],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25229,16454],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25232,25233],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[43,25235,25237],{"className":45,"code":25236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25238,25239,25271,25285,25289,25299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25240,25241,25243,25245,25247,25249,25251,25253,25255,25257,25259,25261,25263,25265,25267,25269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25242,8613],{"class":58},[52,25244,63],{"class":62},[52,25246,67],{"class":66},[52,25248,71],{"class":70},[52,25250,221],{"class":74},[52,25252,71],{"class":70},[52,25254,202],{"class":66},[52,25256,4944],{"class":947},[52,25258,80],{"class":66},[52,25260,83],{"class":70},[52,25262,4204],{"class":74},[52,25264,71],{"class":70},[52,25266,202],{"class":66},[52,25268,953],{"class":947},[52,25270,100],{"class":66},[52,25272,25273,25275,25277,25279,25281,25283],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25274,16682],{"class":58},[52,25276,63],{"class":62},[52,25278,14006],{"class":58},[52,25280,114],{"class":66},[52,25282,16363],{"class":117},[52,25284,121],{"class":66},[52,25286,25287],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,25288,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,25290,25291,25293,25295,25297],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25292,135],{"class":134},[52,25294,138],{"class":66},[52,25296,16363],{"class":117},[52,25298,144],{"class":66},[52,25300,25301],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,25302,25303],{"class":3105},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25305,25306],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[43,25308,25310],{"className":45,"code":25309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25311,25312,25344,25362,25366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25313,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330,25332,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25315,8613],{"class":58},[52,25317,63],{"class":62},[52,25319,67],{"class":66},[52,25321,71],{"class":70},[52,25323,221],{"class":74},[52,25325,71],{"class":70},[52,25327,202],{"class":66},[52,25329,4944],{"class":947},[52,25331,80],{"class":66},[52,25333,83],{"class":70},[52,25335,4204],{"class":74},[52,25337,71],{"class":70},[52,25339,202],{"class":66},[52,25341,953],{"class":947},[52,25343,100],{"class":66},[52,25345,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358,25360],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25347,16682],{"class":58},[52,25349,63],{"class":62},[52,25351,22000],{"class":600},[52,25353,138],{"class":66},[52,25355,8652],{"class":117},[52,25357,114],{"class":66},[52,25359,16363],{"class":117},[52,25361,6640],{"class":66},[52,25363,25364],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,25365,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,25367,25368,25370,25372,25374,25376,25378],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25369,135],{"class":134},[52,25371,138],{"class":66},[52,25373,16363],{"class":117},[52,25375,3344],{"class":66},[52,25377,1558],{"class":947},[52,25379,3332],{"class":66},[38,25381,25383],{"id":25382},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25385,10556],{},[43,25387,25389],{"className":45,"code":25388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25390,25391,25405,25415,25429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25392,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25394,135],{"class":134},[52,25396,138],{"class":66},[52,25398,1231],{"class":600},[52,25400,138],{"class":66},[52,25402,10891],{"class":117},[52,25404,1222],{"class":66},[52,25406,25407,25409,25411,25413],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25408,135],{"class":134},[52,25410,138],{"class":66},[52,25412,10891],{"class":117},[52,25414,144],{"class":66},[52,25416,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425,25427],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,25418,135],{"class":134},[52,25420,138],{"class":66},[52,25422,10891],{"class":117},[52,25424,114],{"class":66},[52,25426,16363],{"class":117},[52,25428,6640],{"class":66},[52,25430,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439,25441,25443,25445],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25432,135],{"class":134},[52,25434,138],{"class":66},[52,25436,7540],{"class":600},[52,25438,138],{"class":66},[52,25440,10891],{"class":117},[52,25442,114],{"class":66},[52,25444,16363],{"class":117},[52,25446,5736],{"class":66},[20,25448,1255],{},[163,25450,25451,25454,25457,25462],{},[166,25452,25453],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[166,25455,25456],{},"what data it contains",[166,25458,25459,25460,11148],{},"what ",[15,25461,16505],{},[166,25463,25464],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[38,25466,1273],{"id":1272},[699,25468,23358,25470,4589],{"id":25469},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25471,16505],{},[20,25473,16862,25474,25476],{},[15,25475,16454],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[699,25478,14343,25480,25483],{"id":25479},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25481,25482],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25485,25486,25487,25489,25490,114],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25488,16454],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25491,25492],{},"list(dict.keys())",[699,25494,25496,25497,1293],{"id":25495},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25498,25482],{},[20,25500,25501,25502,25504],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25503,5405],{}," loop.",[699,25506,25508,25509,25511],{"id":25507},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25510,16505],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25513,25514,25515,25517],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25516,16505],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[699,25519,25521],{"id":25520},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25523,799,25524,114],{},[15,25525,25526],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[38,25528,1332],{"id":1331},[163,25530,25531,25536,25542,25548,25554,25558],{},[166,25532,25533],{},[221,25534,25535],{"href":8838},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[166,25537,25538],{},[221,25539,10182,25540,1070],{"href":16508},[15,25541,16511],{},[166,25543,25544],{},[221,25545,10182,25546,1070],{"href":16515},[15,25547,16518],{},[166,25549,25550],{},[221,25551,25553],{"href":25552},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[166,25555,25556],{},[221,25557,16594],{"href":16593},[166,25559,25560],{},[221,25561,25562,25563,25124],{"href":25119},"How to fix ",[15,25564,25123],{},[1364,25566,25567],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":25569},[25570,25571,25573,25574,25575,25576,25577,25579,25588,25589,25590,25601],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":23689,"depth":103,"text":25572},"What keys() does",{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":4876,"depth":103,"text":4877},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":24379,"depth":103,"text":24380},{"id":24535,"depth":103,"text":25578},"When to use keys()",{"id":24797,"depth":103,"text":24798,"children":25580},[25581,25583,25585,25587],{"id":24806,"depth":124,"text":25582},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24912,"depth":124,"text":25584},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25056,"depth":124,"text":25586},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25127,"depth":124,"text":25128},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":25382,"depth":103,"text":25383},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":25591},[25592,25594,25596,25598,25600],{"id":25469,"depth":124,"text":25593},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25479,"depth":124,"text":25595},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25495,"depth":124,"text":25597},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25507,"depth":124,"text":25599},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25520,"depth":124,"text":25521},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23511,"description":25602},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25608,"title":25609,"body":25610,"description":27881,"extension":1401,"meta":27882,"navigation":127,"path":27883,"seo":27884,"stem":27885,"__hash__":27886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25611,"toc":27834},[25612,25617,25622,25625,25627,25772,25785,25790,25794,25808,25810,25913,25922,25924,25927,25965,25990,25992,26099,26101,26108,26111,26119,26121,26262,26270,26275,26279,26290,26292,26454,26457,26465,26472,26478,26575,26581,26658,26661,26673,26678,26684,26687,26691,26780,26783,26787,26890,26897,26984,26993,26995,27000,27006,27009,27055,27058,27124,27133,27139,27232,27238,27244,27287,27290,27355,27361,27453,27456,27460,27466,27491,27494,27590,27597,27599,27604,27695,27697,27725,27730,27732,27739,27742,27746,27756,27761,27764,27771,27781,27788,27796,27798,27831],[10,25613,10760,25615,18],{"id":25614},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25616,17],{},[20,25618,25619,25621],{},[15,25620,12013],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25623,25624],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[38,25626,3049],{"id":3048},[43,25628,25630],{"className":45,"code":25629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25631,25632,25668,25691,25705,25718,25722,25727,25759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25633,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25635,12643],{"class":58},[52,25637,63],{"class":62},[52,25639,67],{"class":66},[52,25641,71],{"class":70},[52,25643,7115],{"class":74},[52,25645,71],{"class":70},[52,25647,202],{"class":66},[52,25649,83],{"class":70},[52,25651,12323],{"class":74},[52,25653,71],{"class":70},[52,25655,80],{"class":66},[52,25657,83],{"class":70},[52,25659,8747],{"class":74},[52,25661,71],{"class":70},[52,25663,202],{"class":66},[52,25665,8754],{"class":947},[52,25667,100],{"class":66},[52,25669,25670,25673,25675,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25671,25672],{"class":58},"removed_age ",[52,25674,63],{"class":62},[52,25676,12686],{"class":58},[52,25678,114],{"class":66},[52,25680,118],{"class":117},[52,25682,138],{"class":66},[52,25684,71],{"class":70},[52,25686,8747],{"class":74},[52,25688,71],{"class":70},[52,25690,144],{"class":66},[52,25692,25693,25695,25697,25700,25702],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,25694,135],{"class":134},[52,25696,138],{"class":66},[52,25698,25699],{"class":117},"removed_age",[52,25701,3102],{"class":66},[52,25703,25704],{"class":3105},"   # 25\n",[52,25706,25707,25709,25711,25713,25715],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25708,135],{"class":134},[52,25710,138],{"class":66},[52,25712,16747],{"class":117},[52,25714,3102],{"class":66},[52,25716,25717],{"class":3105},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,25719,25720],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,25721,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,25723,25724],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,25725,25726],{"class":3105},"# Safe version with default value\n",[52,25728,25729,25732,25734,25736,25738,25740,25742,25744,25746,25748,25750,25752,25755,25757],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,25730,25731],{"class":58},"country ",[52,25733,63],{"class":62},[52,25735,12686],{"class":58},[52,25737,114],{"class":66},[52,25739,118],{"class":117},[52,25741,138],{"class":66},[52,25743,71],{"class":70},[52,25745,14702],{"class":74},[52,25747,71],{"class":70},[52,25749,80],{"class":66},[52,25751,83],{"class":70},[52,25753,25754],{"class":74},"Not found",[52,25756,71],{"class":70},[52,25758,144],{"class":66},[52,25760,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,25762,135],{"class":134},[52,25764,138],{"class":66},[52,25766,14702],{"class":117},[52,25768,3102],{"class":66},[52,25770,25771],{"class":3105},"       # Not found\n",[20,25773,799,25774,25777,25778,25781,25782,25784],{},[15,25775,25776],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25779,25780],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25783,639],{}," when the key might not exist.",[38,25786,194,25788,197],{"id":25787},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25789,12013],{},[20,25791,25792,202],{},[15,25793,12013],{},[163,25795,25796,25799,25802,25805],{},[166,25797,25798],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[166,25800,25801],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[166,25803,25804],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[166,25806,25807],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25809,267],{},[43,25811,25813],{"className":45,"code":25812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25814,25815,25855,25859,25882,25886,25900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827,25829,25831,25833,25835,25837,25839,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851,25853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25818,10930],{"class":58},[52,25820,63],{"class":62},[52,25822,67],{"class":66},[52,25824,71],{"class":70},[52,25826,7115],{"class":74},[52,25828,71],{"class":70},[52,25830,202],{"class":66},[52,25832,83],{"class":70},[52,25834,12660],{"class":74},[52,25836,71],{"class":70},[52,25838,80],{"class":66},[52,25840,83],{"class":70},[52,25842,9857],{"class":74},[52,25844,71],{"class":70},[52,25846,202],{"class":66},[52,25848,83],{"class":70},[52,25850,9864],{"class":74},[52,25852,71],{"class":70},[52,25854,100],{"class":66},[52,25856,25857],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25858,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,25860,25861,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25878,25880],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,25862,25863],{"class":58},"removed_city ",[52,25865,63],{"class":62},[52,25867,11013],{"class":58},[52,25869,114],{"class":66},[52,25871,118],{"class":117},[52,25873,138],{"class":66},[52,25875,71],{"class":70},[52,25877,9857],{"class":74},[52,25879,71],{"class":70},[52,25881,144],{"class":66},[52,25883,25884],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,25885,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,25887,25888,25890,25892,25895,25897],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,25889,135],{"class":134},[52,25891,138],{"class":66},[52,25893,25894],{"class":117},"removed_city",[52,25896,3102],{"class":66},[52,25898,25899],{"class":3105},"  # Paris\n",[52,25901,25902,25904,25906,25908,25910],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,25903,135],{"class":134},[52,25905,138],{"class":66},[52,25907,11024],{"class":117},[52,25909,3102],{"class":66},[52,25911,25912],{"class":3105},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25914,20210,25915,25918,25919,114],{},[15,25916,25917],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25920,25921],{},"\"Paris\"",[38,25923,228],{"id":227},[20,25925,25926],{},"There are two common forms:",[43,25928,25930],{"className":45,"code":25929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25931,25932,25946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25933,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942,25944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25935,10891],{"class":58},[52,25937,114],{"class":66},[52,25939,118],{"class":117},[52,25941,138],{"class":66},[52,25943,14281],{"class":117},[52,25945,144],{"class":66},[52,25947,25948,25950,25952,25954,25956,25958,25960,25963],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,25949,10891],{"class":58},[52,25951,114],{"class":66},[52,25953,118],{"class":117},[52,25955,138],{"class":66},[52,25957,14281],{"class":117},[52,25959,80],{"class":66},[52,25961,25962],{"class":117}," default",[52,25964,144],{"class":66},[163,25966,25967,25973,25981,25987],{},[166,25968,25969,25972],{},[15,25970,25971],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[166,25974,25975,25977,25978,25980],{},[15,25976,25971],{}," raises ",[15,25979,639],{}," if the key is missing",[166,25982,25983,25986],{},[15,25984,25985],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[166,25988,25989],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,25991,267],{},[43,25993,25995],{"className":45,"code":25994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,25996,25997,26029,26033,26058,26086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25998,25999,26001,26003,26005,26007,26009,26011,26013,26015,26017,26019,26021,26023,26025,26027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26000,4507],{"class":58},[52,26002,63],{"class":62},[52,26004,67],{"class":66},[52,26006,71],{"class":70},[52,26008,17856],{"class":74},[52,26010,71],{"class":70},[52,26012,202],{"class":66},[52,26014,19337],{"class":947},[52,26016,80],{"class":66},[52,26018,83],{"class":70},[52,26020,17865],{"class":74},[52,26022,71],{"class":70},[52,26024,202],{"class":66},[52,26026,12946],{"class":947},[52,26028,100],{"class":66},[52,26030,26031],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26032,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26034,26035,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26036,135],{"class":134},[52,26038,138],{"class":66},[52,26040,15828],{"class":117},[52,26042,114],{"class":66},[52,26044,118],{"class":117},[52,26046,138],{"class":66},[52,26048,71],{"class":70},[52,26050,17856],{"class":74},[52,26052,71],{"class":70},[52,26054,4807],{"class":66},[52,26056,26057],{"class":3105},"         # 90\n",[52,26059,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072,26074,26076,26078,26080,26082,26084],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26061,135],{"class":134},[52,26063,138],{"class":66},[52,26065,15828],{"class":117},[52,26067,114],{"class":66},[52,26069,118],{"class":117},[52,26071,138],{"class":66},[52,26073,71],{"class":70},[52,26075,17874],{"class":74},[52,26077,71],{"class":70},[52,26079,80],{"class":66},[52,26081,3276],{"class":947},[52,26083,4807],{"class":66},[52,26085,20207],{"class":3105},[52,26087,26088,26090,26092,26094,26096],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26089,135],{"class":134},[52,26091,138],{"class":66},[52,26093,15828],{"class":117},[52,26095,3102],{"class":66},[52,26097,26098],{"class":3105},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[38,26100,16859],{"id":16858},[20,26102,26103,13493,26105,26107],{},[15,26104,17],{},[30,26106,32],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26109,26110],{},"Instead, it returns:",[163,26112,26113,26116],{},[166,26114,26115],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[166,26117,26118],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26120,267],{},[43,26122,26124],{"className":45,"code":26123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26125,26126,26158,26162,26185,26217,26221,26235,26249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26127,26128,26130,26132,26134,26136,26138,26140,26142,26144,26146,26148,26150,26152,26154,26156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26129,8613],{"class":58},[52,26131,63],{"class":62},[52,26133,67],{"class":66},[52,26135,71],{"class":70},[52,26137,221],{"class":74},[52,26139,71],{"class":70},[52,26141,202],{"class":66},[52,26143,5451],{"class":947},[52,26145,80],{"class":66},[52,26147,83],{"class":70},[52,26149,4204],{"class":74},[52,26151,71],{"class":70},[52,26153,202],{"class":66},[52,26155,7237],{"class":947},[52,26157,100],{"class":66},[52,26159,26160],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26161,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26163,26164,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175,26177,26179,26181,26183],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26165,26166],{"class":58},"result1 ",[52,26168,63],{"class":62},[52,26170,14006],{"class":58},[52,26172,114],{"class":66},[52,26174,118],{"class":117},[52,26176,138],{"class":66},[52,26178,71],{"class":70},[52,26180,221],{"class":74},[52,26182,71],{"class":70},[52,26184,144],{"class":66},[52,26186,26187,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26213,26215],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26188,26189],{"class":58},"result2 ",[52,26191,63],{"class":62},[52,26193,14006],{"class":58},[52,26195,114],{"class":66},[52,26197,118],{"class":117},[52,26199,138],{"class":66},[52,26201,71],{"class":70},[52,26203,9187],{"class":74},[52,26205,71],{"class":70},[52,26207,80],{"class":66},[52,26209,83],{"class":70},[52,26211,26212],{"class":74},"missing",[52,26214,71],{"class":70},[52,26216,144],{"class":66},[52,26218,26219],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26220,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26222,26223,26225,26227,26230,26232],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,26224,135],{"class":134},[52,26226,138],{"class":66},[52,26228,26229],{"class":117},"result1",[52,26231,3102],{"class":66},[52,26233,26234],{"class":3105},"  # 10\n",[52,26236,26237,26239,26241,26244,26246],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,26238,135],{"class":134},[52,26240,138],{"class":66},[52,26242,26243],{"class":117},"result2",[52,26245,3102],{"class":66},[52,26247,26248],{"class":3105},"  # missing\n",[52,26250,26251,26253,26255,26257,26259],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,26252,135],{"class":134},[52,26254,138],{"class":66},[52,26256,8652],{"class":117},[52,26258,3102],{"class":66},[52,26260,26261],{"class":3105},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26263,26264,26265,6077],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[221,26266,26267],{"href":10181},[15,26268,26269],{},"dict.get()",[38,26271,894,26273],{"id":26272},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26274,17],{},[20,26276,799,26277,916],{},[15,26278,17],{},[163,26280,26281,26284,26287],{},[166,26282,26283],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[166,26285,26286],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[166,26288,26289],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26291,267],{},[43,26293,26295],{"className":45,"code":26294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26296,26297,26349,26353,26380,26384,26408,26412,26426,26440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26298,26299,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26318,26320,26322,26324,26326,26328,26330,26333,26335,26337,26340,26342,26344,26347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26300,24564],{"class":58},[52,26302,63],{"class":62},[52,26304,67],{"class":66},[52,26306,71],{"class":70},[52,26308,7115],{"class":74},[52,26310,71],{"class":70},[52,26312,202],{"class":66},[52,26314,83],{"class":70},[52,26316,26317],{"class":74},"Laptop",[52,26319,71],{"class":70},[52,26321,80],{"class":66},[52,26323,83],{"class":70},[52,26325,24590],{"class":74},[52,26327,71],{"class":70},[52,26329,202],{"class":66},[52,26331,26332],{"class":947}," 1200",[52,26334,80],{"class":66},[52,26336,83],{"class":70},[52,26338,26339],{"class":74},"discount",[52,26341,71],{"class":70},[52,26343,202],{"class":66},[52,26345,26346],{"class":947}," 200",[52,26348,100],{"class":66},[52,26350,26351],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26352,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26354,26355,26358,26360,26362,26364,26366,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26356,26357],{"class":58},"discount_amount ",[52,26359,63],{"class":62},[52,26361,24642],{"class":58},[52,26363,114],{"class":66},[52,26365,118],{"class":117},[52,26367,138],{"class":66},[52,26369,71],{"class":70},[52,26371,26339],{"class":74},[52,26373,71],{"class":70},[52,26375,80],{"class":66},[52,26377,3276],{"class":947},[52,26379,144],{"class":66},[52,26381,26382],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26383,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26385,26386,26389,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26387,26388],{"class":58},"final_price ",[52,26390,63],{"class":62},[52,26392,24642],{"class":58},[52,26394,3344],{"class":66},[52,26396,71],{"class":70},[52,26398,24590],{"class":74},[52,26400,71],{"class":70},[52,26402,12712],{"class":66},[52,26404,1660],{"class":62},[52,26406,26407],{"class":58}," discount_amount\n",[52,26409,26410],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,26411,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26413,26414,26416,26418,26421,26423],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,26415,135],{"class":134},[52,26417,138],{"class":66},[52,26419,26420],{"class":117},"discount_amount",[52,26422,3102],{"class":66},[52,26424,26425],{"class":3105},"  # 200\n",[52,26427,26428,26430,26432,26435,26437],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,26429,135],{"class":134},[52,26431,138],{"class":66},[52,26433,26434],{"class":117},"final_price",[52,26436,3102],{"class":66},[52,26438,26439],{"class":3105},"      # 1000\n",[52,26441,26442,26444,26446,26449,26451],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,26443,135],{"class":134},[52,26445,138],{"class":66},[52,26447,26448],{"class":117},"product",[52,26450,3102],{"class":66},[52,26452,26453],{"class":3105},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26455,26456],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[38,26458,26460,897,26462],{"id":26459},"pop-vs-del",[15,26461,17],{},[15,26463,26464],{},"del",[20,26466,10036,26467,803,26469,26471],{},[15,26468,17],{},[15,26470,26464],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[699,26473,799,26475,26477],{"id":26474},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26476,17],{}," when you need the removed value",[43,26479,26481],{"className":45,"code":26480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26482,26483,26519,26523,26545,26549,26562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26484,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509,26511,26513,26515,26517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26486,12643],{"class":58},[52,26488,63],{"class":62},[52,26490,67],{"class":66},[52,26492,71],{"class":70},[52,26494,7115],{"class":74},[52,26496,71],{"class":70},[52,26498,202],{"class":66},[52,26500,83],{"class":70},[52,26502,12323],{"class":74},[52,26504,71],{"class":70},[52,26506,80],{"class":66},[52,26508,83],{"class":70},[52,26510,8747],{"class":74},[52,26512,71],{"class":70},[52,26514,202],{"class":66},[52,26516,8754],{"class":947},[52,26518,100],{"class":66},[52,26520,26521],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26522,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26524,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26526,21068],{"class":58},[52,26528,63],{"class":62},[52,26530,12686],{"class":58},[52,26532,114],{"class":66},[52,26534,118],{"class":117},[52,26536,138],{"class":66},[52,26538,71],{"class":70},[52,26540,8747],{"class":74},[52,26542,71],{"class":70},[52,26544,144],{"class":66},[52,26546,26547],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26548,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26550,26551,26553,26555,26557,26559],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26552,135],{"class":134},[52,26554,138],{"class":66},[52,26556,8747],{"class":117},[52,26558,3102],{"class":66},[52,26560,26561],{"class":3105},"     # 25\n",[52,26563,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,26565,135],{"class":134},[52,26567,138],{"class":66},[52,26569,16747],{"class":117},[52,26571,3102],{"class":66},[52,26573,26574],{"class":3105},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[699,26576,799,26578,26580],{"id":26577},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26579,26464],{}," when you only want deletion",[43,26582,26584],{"className":45,"code":26583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26585,26586,26622,26626,26642,26646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26587,26588,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26618,26620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26589,12643],{"class":58},[52,26591,63],{"class":62},[52,26593,67],{"class":66},[52,26595,71],{"class":70},[52,26597,7115],{"class":74},[52,26599,71],{"class":70},[52,26601,202],{"class":66},[52,26603,83],{"class":70},[52,26605,12323],{"class":74},[52,26607,71],{"class":70},[52,26609,80],{"class":66},[52,26611,83],{"class":70},[52,26613,8747],{"class":74},[52,26615,71],{"class":70},[52,26617,202],{"class":66},[52,26619,8754],{"class":947},[52,26621,100],{"class":66},[52,26623,26624],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26625,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26627,26628,26630,26632,26634,26636,26638,26640],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26629,26464],{"class":731},[52,26631,12686],{"class":58},[52,26633,3344],{"class":66},[52,26635,71],{"class":70},[52,26637,8747],{"class":74},[52,26639,71],{"class":70},[52,26641,3076],{"class":66},[52,26643,26644],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26645,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26647,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26649,135],{"class":134},[52,26651,138],{"class":66},[52,26653,16747],{"class":117},[52,26655,3102],{"class":66},[52,26657,26574],{"class":3105},[20,26659,26660],{},"Difference:",[163,26662,26663,26668],{},[166,26664,26665,26667],{},[15,26666,17],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[166,26669,26670,26672],{},[15,26671,26464],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26674,26675,26676,114],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[221,26677,12018],{"href":12017},[38,26679,26681,26682],{"id":26680},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26683,639],{},[20,26685,26686],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[699,26688,26690],{"id":26689},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[43,26692,26694],{"className":45,"code":26693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26695,26696,26721,26725,26751,26755,26767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26697,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26717,26719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26699,11167],{"class":58},[52,26701,63],{"class":62},[52,26703,67],{"class":66},[52,26705,71],{"class":70},[52,26707,7115],{"class":74},[52,26709,71],{"class":70},[52,26711,202],{"class":66},[52,26713,83],{"class":70},[52,26715,26716],{"class":74},"Sara",[52,26718,71],{"class":70},[52,26720,100],{"class":66},[52,26722,26723],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26724,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26726,26727,26729,26731,26733,26735,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745,26747,26749],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26728,965],{"class":58},[52,26730,63],{"class":62},[52,26732,11209],{"class":58},[52,26734,114],{"class":66},[52,26736,118],{"class":117},[52,26738,138],{"class":66},[52,26740,71],{"class":70},[52,26742,8747],{"class":74},[52,26744,71],{"class":70},[52,26746,80],{"class":66},[52,26748,3296],{"class":3295},[52,26750,144],{"class":66},[52,26752,26753],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26754,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26756,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26758,135],{"class":134},[52,26760,138],{"class":66},[52,26762,985],{"class":117},[52,26764,3102],{"class":66},[52,26766,20000],{"class":3105},[52,26768,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,26770,135],{"class":134},[52,26772,138],{"class":66},[52,26774,10891],{"class":117},[52,26776,3102],{"class":66},[52,26778,26779],{"class":3105}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26781,26782],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[699,26784,26786],{"id":26785},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[43,26788,26790],{"className":45,"code":26789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26791,26792,26816,26820,26836,26859,26869,26875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26793,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812,26814],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26795,11167],{"class":58},[52,26797,63],{"class":62},[52,26799,67],{"class":66},[52,26801,71],{"class":70},[52,26803,7115],{"class":74},[52,26805,71],{"class":70},[52,26807,202],{"class":66},[52,26809,83],{"class":70},[52,26811,26716],{"class":74},[52,26813,71],{"class":70},[52,26815,100],{"class":66},[52,26817,26818],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26819,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26821,26822,26824,26826,26828,26830,26832,26834],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26823,732],{"class":731},[52,26825,83],{"class":70},[52,26827,8747],{"class":74},[52,26829,71],{"class":70},[52,26831,20613],{"class":62},[52,26833,11209],{"class":58},[52,26835,737],{"class":66},[52,26837,26838,26841,26843,26845,26847,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26839,26840],{"class":58},"    value ",[52,26842,63],{"class":62},[52,26844,11209],{"class":58},[52,26846,114],{"class":66},[52,26848,118],{"class":117},[52,26850,138],{"class":66},[52,26852,71],{"class":70},[52,26854,8747],{"class":74},[52,26856,71],{"class":70},[52,26858,144],{"class":66},[52,26860,26861,26863,26865,26867],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26862,757],{"class":134},[52,26864,138],{"class":66},[52,26866,985],{"class":117},[52,26868,144],{"class":66},[52,26870,26871,26873],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,26872,777],{"class":731},[52,26874,737],{"class":66},[52,26876,26877,26879,26881,26883,26886,26888],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,26878,757],{"class":134},[52,26880,138],{"class":66},[52,26882,71],{"class":70},[52,26884,26885],{"class":74},"Key not found",[52,26887,71],{"class":70},[52,26889,144],{"class":66},[699,26891,26893,26894,26896],{"id":26892},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26895,10185],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[43,26898,26900],{"className":45,"code":26899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26901,26902,26926,26930,26956,26960,26972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26903,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922,26924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26905,11167],{"class":58},[52,26907,63],{"class":62},[52,26909,67],{"class":66},[52,26911,71],{"class":70},[52,26913,7115],{"class":74},[52,26915,71],{"class":70},[52,26917,202],{"class":66},[52,26919,83],{"class":70},[52,26921,26716],{"class":74},[52,26923,71],{"class":70},[52,26925,100],{"class":66},[52,26927,26928],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,26929,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26931,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950,26952,26954],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,26933,965],{"class":58},[52,26935,63],{"class":62},[52,26937,11209],{"class":58},[52,26939,114],{"class":66},[52,26941,19189],{"class":117},[52,26943,138],{"class":66},[52,26945,71],{"class":70},[52,26947,8747],{"class":74},[52,26949,71],{"class":70},[52,26951,80],{"class":66},[52,26953,3296],{"class":3295},[52,26955,144],{"class":66},[52,26957,26958],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,26959,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,26961,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,26963,135],{"class":134},[52,26965,138],{"class":66},[52,26967,985],{"class":117},[52,26969,3102],{"class":66},[52,26971,20000],{"class":3105},[52,26973,26974,26976,26978,26980,26982],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,26975,135],{"class":134},[52,26977,138],{"class":66},[52,26979,10891],{"class":117},[52,26981,3102],{"class":66},[52,26983,26779],{"class":3105},[20,26985,799,26986,26990,26991,114],{},[221,26987,26988],{"href":10181},[15,26989,26269],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[221,26992,1356],{"href":695},[38,26994,3961],{"id":3960},[20,26996,26997,26998,114],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,26999,12013],{},[699,27001,25215,27003,27005],{"id":27002},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27004,17],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27007,27008],{},"Lists use indexes:",[43,27010,27012],{"className":45,"code":27011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27013,27014,27034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27015,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27017,940],{"class":58},[52,27019,63],{"class":62},[52,27021,3063],{"class":66},[52,27023,1770],{"class":947},[52,27025,80],{"class":66},[52,27027,7237],{"class":947},[52,27029,80],{"class":66},[52,27031,7242],{"class":947},[52,27033,3076],{"class":66},[52,27035,27036,27038,27040,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27037,135],{"class":134},[52,27039,138],{"class":66},[52,27041,1037],{"class":117},[52,27043,114],{"class":66},[52,27045,118],{"class":117},[52,27047,138],{"class":66},[52,27049,948],{"class":947},[52,27051,4807],{"class":66},[52,27053,27054],{"class":3105},"  # 20\n",[20,27056,27057],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[43,27059,27061],{"className":45,"code":27060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27062,27063,27099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27064,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091,27093,27095,27097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27066,12643],{"class":58},[52,27068,63],{"class":62},[52,27070,67],{"class":66},[52,27072,71],{"class":70},[52,27074,7115],{"class":74},[52,27076,71],{"class":70},[52,27078,202],{"class":66},[52,27080,83],{"class":70},[52,27082,12323],{"class":74},[52,27084,71],{"class":70},[52,27086,80],{"class":66},[52,27088,83],{"class":70},[52,27090,8747],{"class":74},[52,27092,71],{"class":70},[52,27094,202],{"class":66},[52,27096,8754],{"class":947},[52,27098,100],{"class":66},[52,27100,27101,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27102,135],{"class":134},[52,27104,138],{"class":66},[52,27106,16747],{"class":117},[52,27108,114],{"class":66},[52,27110,118],{"class":117},[52,27112,138],{"class":66},[52,27114,71],{"class":70},[52,27116,8747],{"class":74},[52,27118,71],{"class":70},[52,27120,4807],{"class":66},[52,27122,27123],{"class":3105},"  # 25\n",[20,27125,27126,27127,27129,27130,27132],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27128,32],{}," use positions with ",[15,27131,17],{},". It uses keys.",[699,27134,4147,27136,27138],{"id":27135},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27137,17],{}," changes the original dictionary",[43,27140,27142],{"className":45,"code":27141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27143,27144,27176,27180,27202,27206,27219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27145,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172,27174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27147,8613],{"class":58},[52,27149,63],{"class":62},[52,27151,67],{"class":66},[52,27153,71],{"class":70},[52,27155,1611],{"class":74},[52,27157,71],{"class":70},[52,27159,202],{"class":66},[52,27161,4944],{"class":947},[52,27163,80],{"class":66},[52,27165,83],{"class":70},[52,27167,11188],{"class":74},[52,27169,71],{"class":70},[52,27171,202],{"class":66},[52,27173,953],{"class":947},[52,27175,100],{"class":66},[52,27177,27178],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27179,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27181,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27183,965],{"class":58},[52,27185,63],{"class":62},[52,27187,14006],{"class":58},[52,27189,114],{"class":66},[52,27191,118],{"class":117},[52,27193,138],{"class":66},[52,27195,71],{"class":70},[52,27197,1611],{"class":74},[52,27199,71],{"class":70},[52,27201,144],{"class":66},[52,27203,27204],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27205,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27207,27208,27210,27212,27214,27216],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,27209,135],{"class":134},[52,27211,138],{"class":66},[52,27213,985],{"class":117},[52,27215,3102],{"class":66},[52,27217,27218],{"class":3105},"  # 1\n",[52,27220,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,27222,135],{"class":134},[52,27224,138],{"class":66},[52,27226,8652],{"class":117},[52,27228,3102],{"class":66},[52,27230,27231],{"class":3105},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27233,27234,27235,27237],{},"After ",[15,27236,17],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[699,27239,1185,27241,27243],{"id":27240},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27242,17],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[43,27245,27247],{"className":45,"code":27246,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27248,27249,27273,27277,27282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27250,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27252,8613],{"class":58},[52,27254,63],{"class":62},[52,27256,67],{"class":66},[52,27258,71],{"class":70},[52,27260,7115],{"class":74},[52,27262,71],{"class":70},[52,27264,202],{"class":66},[52,27266,83],{"class":70},[52,27268,7368],{"class":74},[52,27270,71],{"class":70},[52,27272,100],{"class":66},[52,27274,27275],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27276,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27278,27279],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27280,27281],{"class":3105},"# This causes an error\n",[52,27283,27284],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27285,27286],{"class":3105},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27288,27289],{},"Safer version:",[43,27291,27293],{"className":45,"code":27292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27294,27295,27319,27323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27296,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313,27315,27317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27298,8613],{"class":58},[52,27300,63],{"class":62},[52,27302,67],{"class":66},[52,27304,71],{"class":70},[52,27306,7115],{"class":74},[52,27308,71],{"class":70},[52,27310,202],{"class":66},[52,27312,83],{"class":70},[52,27314,7368],{"class":74},[52,27316,71],{"class":70},[52,27318,100],{"class":66},[52,27320,27321],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27322,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27324,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339,27341,27343,27345,27347,27349,27351,27353],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27326,135],{"class":134},[52,27328,138],{"class":66},[52,27330,8652],{"class":117},[52,27332,114],{"class":66},[52,27334,118],{"class":117},[52,27336,138],{"class":66},[52,27338,71],{"class":70},[52,27340,8747],{"class":74},[52,27342,71],{"class":70},[52,27344,80],{"class":66},[52,27346,83],{"class":70},[52,27348,26212],{"class":74},[52,27350,71],{"class":70},[52,27352,4807],{"class":66},[52,27354,26248],{"class":3105},[699,27356,1174,27358,27360],{"id":27357},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27359,17],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[43,27362,27364],{"className":45,"code":27363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27365,27366,27398,27402,27424,27428,27440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27367,27368,27370,27372,27374,27376,27378,27380,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27369,8613],{"class":58},[52,27371,63],{"class":62},[52,27373,67],{"class":66},[52,27375,71],{"class":70},[52,27377,221],{"class":74},[52,27379,71],{"class":70},[52,27381,202],{"class":66},[52,27383,4944],{"class":947},[52,27385,80],{"class":66},[52,27387,83],{"class":70},[52,27389,4204],{"class":74},[52,27391,71],{"class":70},[52,27393,202],{"class":66},[52,27395,953],{"class":947},[52,27397,100],{"class":66},[52,27399,27400],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27401,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27403,27404,27406,27408,27410,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420,27422],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27405,1668],{"class":58},[52,27407,63],{"class":62},[52,27409,14006],{"class":58},[52,27411,114],{"class":66},[52,27413,118],{"class":117},[52,27415,138],{"class":66},[52,27417,71],{"class":70},[52,27419,221],{"class":74},[52,27421,71],{"class":70},[52,27423,144],{"class":66},[52,27425,27426],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27427,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27429,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,27431,135],{"class":134},[52,27433,138],{"class":66},[52,27435,1703],{"class":117},[52,27437,3102],{"class":66},[52,27439,27218],{"class":3105},[52,27441,27442,27444,27446,27448,27450],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,27443,135],{"class":134},[52,27445,138],{"class":66},[52,27447,8652],{"class":117},[52,27449,3102],{"class":66},[52,27451,27452],{"class":3105},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27454,27455],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[38,27457,27459],{"id":27458},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27461,27462,27463,27465],{},"Problems with ",[15,27464,12013],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[163,27467,27468,27471,27480,27483],{},[166,27469,27470],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[166,27472,27473,27474,27477,27478],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27475,27476],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27479,25776],{},[166,27481,27482],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[166,27484,27485,27486,1326,27488],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27487,948],{},[15,27489,27490],{},"\"1\"",[20,27492,27493],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[43,27495,27497],{"className":45,"code":27496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27498,27499,27523,27527,27557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27500,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517,27519,27521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27502,8613],{"class":58},[52,27504,63],{"class":62},[52,27506,67],{"class":66},[52,27508,71],{"class":70},[52,27510,948],{"class":74},[52,27512,71],{"class":70},[52,27514,202],{"class":66},[52,27516,83],{"class":70},[52,27518,6031],{"class":74},[52,27520,71],{"class":70},[52,27522,100],{"class":66},[52,27524,27525],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27526,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27528,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27550,27552,27554],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27530,135],{"class":134},[52,27532,138],{"class":66},[52,27534,8652],{"class":117},[52,27536,114],{"class":66},[52,27538,118],{"class":117},[52,27540,138],{"class":66},[52,27542,948],{"class":947},[52,27544,80],{"class":66},[52,27546,83],{"class":70},[52,27548,27549],{"class":74},"not found",[52,27551,71],{"class":70},[52,27553,4807],{"class":66},[52,27555,27556],{"class":3105},"    # not found\n",[52,27558,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569,27571,27573,27575,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27560,135],{"class":134},[52,27562,138],{"class":66},[52,27564,8652],{"class":117},[52,27566,114],{"class":66},[52,27568,118],{"class":117},[52,27570,138],{"class":66},[52,27572,71],{"class":70},[52,27574,948],{"class":74},[52,27576,71],{"class":70},[52,27578,80],{"class":66},[52,27580,83],{"class":70},[52,27582,27549],{"class":74},[52,27584,71],{"class":70},[52,27586,4807],{"class":66},[52,27588,27589],{"class":3105},"  # one\n",[20,27591,27592,803,27594,27596],{},[15,27593,948],{},[15,27595,27490],{}," are different keys.",[38,27598,8319],{"id":8318},[20,27600,8322,27601,27603],{},[15,27602,17],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,27605,27607],{"className":45,"code":27606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27608,27609,27619,27633,27651,27681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27610,27611,27613,27615,27617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27612,135],{"class":134},[52,27614,138],{"class":66},[52,27616,10891],{"class":117},[52,27618,144],{"class":66},[52,27620,27621,27623,27625,27627,27629,27631],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27622,135],{"class":134},[52,27624,138],{"class":66},[52,27626,10891],{"class":117},[52,27628,114],{"class":66},[52,27630,16363],{"class":117},[52,27632,6640],{"class":66},[52,27634,27635,27637,27639,27641,27643,27645,27647,27649],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27636,135],{"class":134},[52,27638,138],{"class":66},[52,27640,608],{"class":70},[52,27642,7115],{"class":74},[52,27644,608],{"class":70},[52,27646,20613],{"class":731},[52,27648,11209],{"class":117},[52,27650,144],{"class":66},[52,27652,27653,27655,27657,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27654,135],{"class":134},[52,27656,138],{"class":66},[52,27658,10891],{"class":117},[52,27660,114],{"class":66},[52,27662,118],{"class":117},[52,27664,138],{"class":66},[52,27666,608],{"class":70},[52,27668,7115],{"class":74},[52,27670,608],{"class":70},[52,27672,80],{"class":66},[52,27674,617],{"class":70},[52,27676,26212],{"class":74},[52,27678,608],{"class":70},[52,27680,1222],{"class":66},[52,27682,27683,27685,27687,27689,27691,27693],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,27684,135],{"class":134},[52,27686,138],{"class":66},[52,27688,1231],{"class":600},[52,27690,138],{"class":66},[52,27692,10891],{"class":117},[52,27694,1222],{"class":66},[20,27696,20776],{},[163,27698,27699,27704,27709,27714,27720],{},[166,27700,27701,27703],{},[15,27702,12123],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[166,27705,27706,27708],{},[15,27707,20788],{}," shows all available keys",[166,27710,27711,27713],{},[15,27712,20794],{}," checks whether a key exists",[166,27715,27716,27719],{},[15,27717,27718],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[166,27721,27722,27724],{},[15,27723,12129],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27726,27727,27728,114],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[221,27729,8839],{"href":8838},[38,27731,1273],{"id":1272},[699,27733,27735,27736,27738],{"id":27734},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27737,17],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27740,27741],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[699,27743,27745],{"id":27744},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27747,27748,25977,27750,27752,27753,27755],{},[15,27749,25776],{},[15,27751,639],{},". ",[15,27754,25780],{}," returns the default value instead.",[699,27757,1277,27759,14336],{"id":27758},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27760,17],{},[20,27762,27763],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[699,27765,27767,27768,27770],{"id":27766},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27769,17],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27772,27773,27774,27776,27777,114],{},"Not with ",[15,27775,12013],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[221,27778,27779],{"href":12024},[15,27780,12212],{},[699,27782,4624,27784,803,27786,1293],{"id":27783},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27785,10185],{},[15,27787,17],{},[20,27789,27790,27792,27793,27795],{},[15,27791,10185],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27794,17],{}," reads and removes it.",[38,27797,1332],{"id":1331},[163,27799,27800,27806,27813,27817,27821,27825],{},[166,27801,27802],{},[221,27803,27804],{"href":10181},[15,27805,19108],{},[166,27807,27808],{},[221,27809,27810],{"href":12024},[15,27811,27812],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[166,27814,27815],{},[221,27816,12229],{"href":12017},[166,27818,27819],{},[221,27820,20897],{"href":16036},[166,27822,27823],{},[221,27824,1356],{"href":695},[166,27826,27827],{},[221,27828,27830],{"href":27829},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1364,27832,27833],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":27835},[27836,27837,27839,27840,27841,27843,27850,27857,27867,27868,27869,27880],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":25787,"depth":103,"text":27838},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":26272,"depth":103,"text":27842},"When to use pop()",{"id":26459,"depth":103,"text":27844,"children":27845},"pop() vs del",[27846,27848],{"id":26474,"depth":124,"text":27847},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26577,"depth":124,"text":27849},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26680,"depth":103,"text":27851,"children":27852},"How to avoid KeyError",[27853,27854,27855],{"id":26689,"depth":124,"text":26690},{"id":26785,"depth":124,"text":26786},{"id":26892,"depth":124,"text":27856},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":27858},[27859,27861,27863,27865],{"id":27002,"depth":124,"text":27860},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27135,"depth":124,"text":27862},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27240,"depth":124,"text":27864},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27357,"depth":124,"text":27866},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27458,"depth":103,"text":27459},{"id":8318,"depth":103,"text":8319},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":27870},[27871,27873,27874,27876,27878],{"id":27734,"depth":124,"text":27872},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27744,"depth":124,"text":27745},{"id":27758,"depth":124,"text":27875},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27766,"depth":124,"text":27877},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27783,"depth":124,"text":27879},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25609,"description":27881},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27888,"title":27812,"body":27889,"description":29819,"extension":1401,"meta":29820,"navigation":127,"path":29821,"seo":29822,"stem":29823,"__hash__":29824},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27890,"toc":29783},[27891,27896,27901,27904,27912,27922,27924,28012,28016,28065,28070,28075,28079,28095,28098,28100,28115,28117,28132,28139,28143,28149,28158,28160,28229,28233,28254,28257,28276,28279,28302,28304,28307,28421,28425,28483,28490,28494,28500,28625,28629,28679,28682,28686,28693,28695,28758,28762,28783,28786,28795,28810,28818,28825,28829,28841,28845,28856,28858,29004,29008,29067,29074,29079,29083,29088,29111,29116,29134,29138,29209,29216,29286,29295,29300,29305,29316,29319,29456,29460,29492,29497,29499,29503,29563,29566,29623,29626,29669,29671,29676,29682,29688,29691,29698,29706,29711,29714,29721,29729,29731,29780],[10,27892,10760,27894,18],{"id":27893},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27895,12212],{},[20,27897,1418,27898,27900],{},[15,27899,12212],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27902,27903],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[163,27905,27906,27909],{},[166,27907,27908],{},"remove an item",[166,27910,27911],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27913,27914,27915,27917,27918,27921],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27916,12212],{}," removes the ",[30,27919,27920],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[38,27923,41],{"id":40},[43,27925,27927],{"className":45,"code":27926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27928,27929,27973,27988,27992,28002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27930,27931,27933,27935,27937,27939,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27932,8613],{"class":58},[52,27934,63],{"class":62},[52,27936,67],{"class":66},[52,27938,71],{"class":70},[52,27940,221],{"class":74},[52,27942,71],{"class":70},[52,27944,202],{"class":66},[52,27946,4944],{"class":947},[52,27948,80],{"class":66},[52,27950,83],{"class":70},[52,27952,4204],{"class":74},[52,27954,71],{"class":70},[52,27956,202],{"class":66},[52,27958,953],{"class":947},[52,27960,80],{"class":66},[52,27962,83],{"class":70},[52,27964,9187],{"class":74},[52,27966,71],{"class":70},[52,27968,202],{"class":66},[52,27970,958],{"class":947},[52,27972,100],{"class":66},[52,27974,27975,27977,27979,27981,27983,27986],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,27976,313],{"class":58},[52,27978,63],{"class":62},[52,27980,14006],{"class":58},[52,27982,114],{"class":66},[52,27984,27985],{"class":117},"popitem",[52,27987,121],{"class":66},[52,27989,27990],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,27991,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,27993,27994,27996,27998,28000],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,27995,135],{"class":134},[52,27997,138],{"class":66},[52,27999,337],{"class":117},[52,28001,144],{"class":66},[52,28003,28004,28006,28008,28010],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,28005,135],{"class":134},[52,28007,138],{"class":66},[52,28009,8652],{"class":117},[52,28011,144],{"class":66},[20,28013,28014],{},[30,28015,1509],{},[43,28017,28019],{"className":45,"code":28018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28020,28021,28037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28022,28023,28025,28027,28029,28031,28033,28035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28024,138],{"class":66},[52,28026,608],{"class":70},[52,28028,9187],{"class":74},[52,28030,608],{"class":70},[52,28032,80],{"class":66},[52,28034,958],{"class":947},[52,28036,144],{"class":66},[52,28038,28039,28041,28043,28045,28047,28049,28051,28053,28055,28057,28059,28061,28063],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28040,8726],{"class":66},[52,28042,608],{"class":70},[52,28044,221],{"class":74},[52,28046,608],{"class":70},[52,28048,202],{"class":66},[52,28050,4944],{"class":947},[52,28052,80],{"class":66},[52,28054,617],{"class":70},[52,28056,4204],{"class":74},[52,28058,608],{"class":70},[52,28060,202],{"class":66},[52,28062,953],{"class":947},[52,28064,100],{"class":66},[20,28066,28067,28069],{},[15,28068,12212],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[38,28071,194,28073,197],{"id":28072},"what-popitem-does",[15,28074,12212],{},[20,28076,28077,202],{},[15,28078,12212],{},[163,28080,28081,28084,28089,28092],{},[166,28082,28083],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[166,28085,28086,28087],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28088,21095],{},[166,28090,28091],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[166,28093,28094],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28096,28097],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[38,28099,228],{"id":227},[43,28101,28103],{"className":45,"code":28102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28104,28105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28106,28107,28109,28111,28113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28108,15045],{"class":58},[52,28110,114],{"class":66},[52,28112,27985],{"class":117},[52,28114,121],{"class":66},[20,28116,10900],{},[163,28118,28119,28126,28129],{},[166,28120,28121,28123,28124],{},[15,28122,12212],{}," takes ",[30,28125,261],{},[166,28127,28128],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[166,28130,28131],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28133,28134,28135,6077],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[221,28136,28137],{"href":12010},[15,28138,17],{},[38,28140,28142],{"id":28141},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28144,28145,28146,28148],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28147,12212],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28150,28151,28152,28155],"ol",{},[166,28153,28154],{},"the key",[166,28156,28157],{},"the value",[20,28159,267],{},[43,28161,28163],{"className":45,"code":28162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28164,28165,28201,28215,28219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28166,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177,28179,28181,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28168,12643],{"class":58},[52,28170,63],{"class":62},[52,28172,67],{"class":66},[52,28174,71],{"class":70},[52,28176,7115],{"class":74},[52,28178,71],{"class":70},[52,28180,202],{"class":66},[52,28182,83],{"class":70},[52,28184,4447],{"class":74},[52,28186,71],{"class":70},[52,28188,80],{"class":66},[52,28190,83],{"class":70},[52,28192,8747],{"class":74},[52,28194,71],{"class":70},[52,28196,202],{"class":66},[52,28198,8754],{"class":947},[52,28200,100],{"class":66},[52,28202,28203,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28204,1668],{"class":58},[52,28206,63],{"class":62},[52,28208,12686],{"class":58},[52,28210,114],{"class":66},[52,28212,27985],{"class":117},[52,28214,121],{"class":66},[52,28216,28217],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,28218,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28220,28221,28223,28225,28227],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28222,135],{"class":134},[52,28224,138],{"class":66},[52,28226,1703],{"class":117},[52,28228,144],{"class":66},[20,28230,28231],{},[30,28232,1509],{},[43,28234,28236],{"className":45,"code":28235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28237,28238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28239,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28241,138],{"class":66},[52,28243,608],{"class":70},[52,28245,8747],{"class":74},[52,28247,608],{"class":70},[52,28249,80],{"class":66},[52,28251,8754],{"class":947},[52,28253,144],{"class":66},[20,28255,28256],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[43,28258,28260],{"className":45,"code":28259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28261,28262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28263,28264,28266,28268,28270,28272,28274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28265,1668],{"class":58},[52,28267,63],{"class":62},[52,28269,12686],{"class":58},[52,28271,114],{"class":66},[52,28273,27985],{"class":117},[52,28275,121],{"class":66},[20,28277,28278],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[43,28280,28282],{"className":45,"code":28281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28283,28284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28285,28286,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296,28298,28300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28287,14281],{"class":58},[52,28289,80],{"class":66},[52,28291,21024],{"class":58},[52,28293,63],{"class":62},[52,28295,12686],{"class":58},[52,28297,114],{"class":66},[52,28299,27985],{"class":117},[52,28301,121],{"class":66},[38,28303,10917],{"id":10916},[20,28305,28306],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[43,28308,28310],{"className":45,"code":28309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28311,28312,28360,28364,28379,28383,28402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28313,28314,28316,28318,28320,28322,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28344,28346,28348,28351,28353,28355,28358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28315,4507],{"class":58},[52,28317,63],{"class":62},[52,28319,67],{"class":66},[52,28321,71],{"class":70},[52,28323,28324],{"class":74},"Tom",[52,28326,71],{"class":70},[52,28328,202],{"class":66},[52,28330,4519],{"class":947},[52,28332,80],{"class":66},[52,28334,83],{"class":70},[52,28336,12323],{"class":74},[52,28338,71],{"class":70},[52,28340,202],{"class":66},[52,28342,28343],{"class":947}," 95",[52,28345,80],{"class":66},[52,28347,83],{"class":70},[52,28349,28350],{"class":74},"Leo",[52,28352,71],{"class":70},[52,28354,202],{"class":66},[52,28356,28357],{"class":947}," 88",[52,28359,100],{"class":66},[52,28361,28362],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28363,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28365,28366,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,28367,28368],{"class":58},"removed_pair ",[52,28370,63],{"class":62},[52,28372,4554],{"class":58},[52,28374,114],{"class":66},[52,28376,27985],{"class":117},[52,28378,121],{"class":66},[52,28380,28381],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28382,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28384,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28400],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,28386,135],{"class":134},[52,28388,138],{"class":66},[52,28390,71],{"class":70},[52,28392,545],{"class":74},[52,28394,71],{"class":70},[52,28396,80],{"class":66},[52,28398,28399],{"class":117}," removed_pair",[52,28401,144],{"class":66},[52,28403,28404,28406,28408,28410,28413,28415,28417,28419],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,28405,135],{"class":134},[52,28407,138],{"class":66},[52,28409,71],{"class":70},[52,28411,28412],{"class":74},"After removal:",[52,28414,71],{"class":70},[52,28416,80],{"class":66},[52,28418,4554],{"class":117},[52,28420,144],{"class":66},[20,28422,28423],{},[30,28424,1509],{},[43,28426,28428],{"className":45,"code":28427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28429,28430,28450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28431,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28433,587],{"class":58},[52,28435,202],{"class":66},[52,28437,8684],{"class":66},[52,28439,608],{"class":70},[52,28441,28350],{"class":74},[52,28443,608],{"class":70},[52,28445,80],{"class":66},[52,28447,28357],{"class":947},[52,28449,144],{"class":66},[52,28451,28452,28455,28457,28459,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475,28477,28479,28481],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28453,28454],{"class":58},"After removal",[52,28456,202],{"class":66},[52,28458,67],{"class":66},[52,28460,608],{"class":70},[52,28462,28324],{"class":74},[52,28464,608],{"class":70},[52,28466,202],{"class":66},[52,28468,4519],{"class":947},[52,28470,80],{"class":66},[52,28472,617],{"class":70},[52,28474,12323],{"class":74},[52,28476,608],{"class":70},[52,28478,202],{"class":66},[52,28480,28343],{"class":947},[52,28482,100],{"class":66},[20,28484,28485,28486,28489],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28487,28488],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[38,28491,28493],{"id":28492},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28495,28496,28497,28499],{},"Because ",[15,28498,12212],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[43,28501,28503],{"className":45,"code":28502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28504,28505,28541,28545,28564,28568,28587,28606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28506,28507,28509,28511,28513,28515,28517,28519,28521,28523,28525,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28508,14888],{"class":58},[52,28510,63],{"class":62},[52,28512,67],{"class":66},[52,28514,71],{"class":70},[52,28516,14899],{"class":74},[52,28518,71],{"class":70},[52,28520,202],{"class":66},[52,28522,83],{"class":70},[52,28524,14908],{"class":74},[52,28526,71],{"class":70},[52,28528,80],{"class":66},[52,28530,83],{"class":70},[52,28532,14919],{"class":74},[52,28534,71],{"class":70},[52,28536,202],{"class":66},[52,28538,26346],{"class":947},[52,28540,100],{"class":66},[52,28542,28543],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28544,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28546,28547,28549,28551,28553,28555,28558,28560,28562],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,28548,14281],{"class":58},[52,28550,80],{"class":66},[52,28552,21024],{"class":58},[52,28554,63],{"class":62},[52,28556,28557],{"class":58}," book",[52,28559,114],{"class":66},[52,28561,27985],{"class":117},[52,28563,121],{"class":66},[52,28565,28566],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28567,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28569,28570,28572,28574,28576,28579,28581,28583,28585],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,28571,135],{"class":134},[52,28573,138],{"class":66},[52,28575,71],{"class":70},[52,28577,28578],{"class":74},"Key:",[52,28580,71],{"class":70},[52,28582,80],{"class":66},[52,28584,21019],{"class":117},[52,28586,144],{"class":66},[52,28588,28589,28591,28593,28595,28598,28600,28602,28604],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,28590,135],{"class":134},[52,28592,138],{"class":66},[52,28594,71],{"class":70},[52,28596,28597],{"class":74},"Value:",[52,28599,71],{"class":70},[52,28601,80],{"class":66},[52,28603,7880],{"class":117},[52,28605,144],{"class":66},[52,28607,28608,28610,28612,28614,28617,28619,28621,28623],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,28609,135],{"class":134},[52,28611,138],{"class":66},[52,28613,71],{"class":70},[52,28615,28616],{"class":74},"Dictionary:",[52,28618,71],{"class":70},[52,28620,80],{"class":66},[52,28622,28557],{"class":117},[52,28624,144],{"class":66},[20,28626,28627],{},[30,28628,1509],{},[43,28630,28632],{"className":45,"code":28631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28633,28634,28644,28654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28635,28636,28639,28641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28637,28638],{"class":58},"Key",[52,28640,202],{"class":66},[52,28642,28643],{"class":58}," pages\n",[52,28645,28646,28649,28651],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28647,28648],{"class":58},"Value",[52,28650,202],{"class":66},[52,28652,28653],{"class":947}," 200\n",[52,28655,28656,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,28657,28658],{"class":58},"Dictionary",[52,28660,202],{"class":66},[52,28662,67],{"class":66},[52,28664,608],{"class":70},[52,28666,14899],{"class":74},[52,28668,608],{"class":70},[52,28670,202],{"class":66},[52,28672,617],{"class":70},[52,28674,14908],{"class":74},[52,28676,608],{"class":70},[52,28678,100],{"class":66},[20,28680,28681],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[38,28683,28685],{"id":28684},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28687,28688,28689,27917,28691,114],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28690,12212],{},[30,28692,27920],{},[20,28694,267],{},[43,28696,28698],{"className":45,"code":28697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28699,28700,28744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28701,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720,28722,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28734,28736,28738,28740,28742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28703,8613],{"class":58},[52,28705,63],{"class":62},[52,28707,67],{"class":66},[52,28709,71],{"class":70},[52,28711,1611],{"class":74},[52,28713,71],{"class":70},[52,28715,202],{"class":66},[52,28717,4944],{"class":947},[52,28719,80],{"class":66},[52,28721,83],{"class":70},[52,28723,11188],{"class":74},[52,28725,71],{"class":70},[52,28727,202],{"class":66},[52,28729,953],{"class":947},[52,28731,80],{"class":66},[52,28733,83],{"class":70},[52,28735,21517],{"class":74},[52,28737,71],{"class":70},[52,28739,202],{"class":66},[52,28741,958],{"class":947},[52,28743,100],{"class":66},[52,28745,28746,28748,28750,28752,28754,28756],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28747,135],{"class":134},[52,28749,138],{"class":66},[52,28751,8652],{"class":117},[52,28753,114],{"class":66},[52,28755,27985],{"class":117},[52,28757,6640],{"class":66},[20,28759,28760],{},[30,28761,1509],{},[43,28763,28765],{"className":45,"code":28764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28766,28767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28768,28769,28771,28773,28775,28777,28779,28781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28770,138],{"class":66},[52,28772,608],{"class":70},[52,28774,21517],{"class":74},[52,28776,608],{"class":70},[52,28778,80],{"class":66},[52,28780,958],{"class":947},[52,28782,144],{"class":66},[20,28784,28785],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28787,28788,28789,28791,28792,28794],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,28790,32],{}," think of ",[15,28793,12212],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28796,28797,28798,1627,28802,16512,28806,114],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[221,28799,28800],{"href":16515},[15,28801,16518],{},[221,28803,28804],{"href":16502},[15,28805,16505],{},[221,28807,28808],{"href":16508},[15,28809,16511],{},[38,28811,28813,28814,803,28816],{"id":28812},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28815,12212],{},[15,28817,17],{},[20,28819,28820,803,28822,28824],{},[15,28821,12212],{},[15,28823,17],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[699,28826,28827],{"id":27985},[15,28828,12212],{},[163,28830,28831,28834,28837],{},[166,28832,28833],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[166,28835,28836],{},"does not need a key argument",[166,28838,3133,28839],{},[15,28840,21095],{},[699,28842,28843],{"id":118},[15,28844,17],{},[163,28846,28847,28850,28853],{},[166,28848,28849],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[166,28851,28852],{},"needs the key name",[166,28854,28855],{},"returns only the value",[20,28857,267],{},[43,28859,28861],{"className":45,"code":28860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28862,28863,28907,28911,28925,28945,28949,28971,28990,28994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28864,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28866,8613],{"class":58},[52,28868,63],{"class":62},[52,28870,67],{"class":66},[52,28872,71],{"class":70},[52,28874,221],{"class":74},[52,28876,71],{"class":70},[52,28878,202],{"class":66},[52,28880,4944],{"class":947},[52,28882,80],{"class":66},[52,28884,83],{"class":70},[52,28886,4204],{"class":74},[52,28888,71],{"class":70},[52,28890,202],{"class":66},[52,28892,953],{"class":947},[52,28894,80],{"class":66},[52,28896,83],{"class":70},[52,28898,9187],{"class":74},[52,28900,71],{"class":70},[52,28902,202],{"class":66},[52,28904,958],{"class":947},[52,28906,100],{"class":66},[52,28908,28909],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,28910,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28912,28913,28915,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,28914,313],{"class":58},[52,28916,63],{"class":62},[52,28918,14006],{"class":58},[52,28920,114],{"class":66},[52,28922,27985],{"class":117},[52,28924,121],{"class":66},[52,28926,28927,28929,28931,28933,28936,28938,28940,28943],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,28928,135],{"class":134},[52,28930,138],{"class":66},[52,28932,71],{"class":70},[52,28934,28935],{"class":74},"popitem():",[52,28937,71],{"class":70},[52,28939,80],{"class":66},[52,28941,28942],{"class":117}," item",[52,28944,144],{"class":66},[52,28946,28947],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,28948,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28950,28951,28953,28955,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,28952,965],{"class":58},[52,28954,63],{"class":62},[52,28956,14006],{"class":58},[52,28958,114],{"class":66},[52,28960,118],{"class":117},[52,28962,138],{"class":66},[52,28964,71],{"class":70},[52,28966,221],{"class":74},[52,28968,71],{"class":70},[52,28970,144],{"class":66},[52,28972,28973,28975,28977,28979,28982,28984,28986,28988],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,28974,135],{"class":134},[52,28976,138],{"class":66},[52,28978,71],{"class":70},[52,28980,28981],{"class":74},"pop('a'):",[52,28983,71],{"class":70},[52,28985,80],{"class":66},[52,28987,7880],{"class":117},[52,28989,144],{"class":66},[52,28991,28992],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,28993,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,28995,28996,28998,29000,29002],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,28997,135],{"class":134},[52,28999,138],{"class":66},[52,29001,8652],{"class":117},[52,29003,144],{"class":66},[20,29005,29006],{},[30,29007,1509],{},[43,29009,29011],{"className":45,"code":29010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29012,29013,29034,29051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29014,29015,29017,29020,29022,29024,29026,29028,29030,29032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29016,27985],{"class":117},[52,29018,29019],{"class":66},"():",[52,29021,8684],{"class":66},[52,29023,608],{"class":70},[52,29025,9187],{"class":74},[52,29027,608],{"class":70},[52,29029,80],{"class":66},[52,29031,958],{"class":947},[52,29033,144],{"class":66},[52,29035,29036,29038,29040,29042,29044,29046,29048],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29037,118],{"class":117},[52,29039,138],{"class":66},[52,29041,608],{"class":70},[52,29043,221],{"class":74},[52,29045,608],{"class":70},[52,29047,15891],{"class":66},[52,29049,29050],{"class":947}," 1\n",[52,29052,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29054,8726],{"class":66},[52,29056,608],{"class":70},[52,29058,4204],{"class":74},[52,29060,608],{"class":70},[52,29062,202],{"class":66},[52,29064,953],{"class":947},[52,29066,100],{"class":66},[20,29068,799,29069,29073],{},[221,29070,29071],{"href":12010},[15,29072,17],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29075,799,29076,29078],{},[15,29077,12212],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[38,29080,29082],{"id":29081},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29084,633,29085,29087],{},[15,29086,12212],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[43,29089,29091],{"className":45,"code":29090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29092,29093,29101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29094,29095,29097,29099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29096,8613],{"class":58},[52,29098,63],{"class":62},[52,29100,9286],{"class":66},[52,29102,29103,29105,29107,29109],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29104,8652],{"class":58},[52,29106,114],{"class":66},[52,29108,27985],{"class":117},[52,29110,121],{"class":66},[20,29112,29113],{},[30,29114,29115],{},"Error:",[43,29117,29119],{"className":45,"code":29118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29120,29121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29122,29123,29125,29127,29129,29132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29124,639],{"class":600},[52,29126,202],{"class":66},[52,29128,617],{"class":70},[52,29130,29131],{"class":74},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29133,689],{"class":70},[699,29135,29137],{"id":29136},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[43,29139,29141],{"className":45,"code":29140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29142,29143,29151,29155,29163,29178,29188,29194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29144,29145,29147,29149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29146,8613],{"class":58},[52,29148,63],{"class":62},[52,29150,9286],{"class":66},[52,29152,29153],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29154,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,29156,29157,29159,29161],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29158,732],{"class":731},[52,29160,14006],{"class":58},[52,29162,737],{"class":66},[52,29164,29165,29168,29170,29172,29174,29176],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29166,29167],{"class":58},"    item ",[52,29169,63],{"class":62},[52,29171,14006],{"class":58},[52,29173,114],{"class":66},[52,29175,27985],{"class":117},[52,29177,121],{"class":66},[52,29179,29180,29182,29184,29186],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,29181,757],{"class":134},[52,29183,138],{"class":66},[52,29185,337],{"class":117},[52,29187,144],{"class":66},[52,29189,29190,29192],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,29191,777],{"class":731},[52,29193,737],{"class":66},[52,29195,29196,29198,29200,29202,29205,29207],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,29197,757],{"class":134},[52,29199,138],{"class":66},[52,29201,71],{"class":70},[52,29203,29204],{"class":74},"Dictionary is empty",[52,29206,71],{"class":70},[52,29208,144],{"class":66},[699,29210,29212,29213],{"id":29211},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29214,29215],{},"try-except",[43,29217,29219],{"className":45,"code":29218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29220,29221,29229,29233,29239,29253,29263,29271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29222,29223,29225,29227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29224,8613],{"class":58},[52,29226,63],{"class":62},[52,29228,9286],{"class":66},[52,29230,29231],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29232,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,29234,29235,29237],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29236,802],{"class":731},[52,29238,737],{"class":66},[52,29240,29241,29243,29245,29247,29249,29251],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29242,29167],{"class":58},[52,29244,63],{"class":62},[52,29246,14006],{"class":58},[52,29248,114],{"class":66},[52,29250,27985],{"class":117},[52,29252,121],{"class":66},[52,29254,29255,29257,29259,29261],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,29256,757],{"class":134},[52,29258,138],{"class":66},[52,29260,337],{"class":117},[52,29262,144],{"class":66},[52,29264,29265,29267,29269],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,29266,806],{"class":731},[52,29268,873],{"class":600},[52,29270,737],{"class":66},[52,29272,29273,29275,29277,29279,29282,29284],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,29274,757],{"class":134},[52,29276,138],{"class":66},[52,29278,71],{"class":70},[52,29280,29281],{"class":74},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[52,29283,71],{"class":70},[52,29285,144],{"class":66},[20,29287,29288,29289,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[221,29290,25120,29292],{"href":29291},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29293,29294],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[38,29296,894,29298],{"id":29297},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29299,12212],{},[20,29301,29302,29304],{},[15,29303,12212],{}," is useful when:",[163,29306,29307,29310,29313],{},[166,29308,29309],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[166,29311,29312],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[166,29314,29315],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29317,29318],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[43,29320,29322],{"className":45,"code":29321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29323,29324,29333,29353,29373,29391,29395,29399,29409,29428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29325,29326,29329,29331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29327,29328],{"class":58},"tasks ",[52,29330,63],{"class":62},[52,29332,10935],{"class":66},[52,29334,29335,29337,29340,29342,29344,29346,29349,29351],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29336,10940],{"class":70},[52,29338,29339],{"class":74},"first",[52,29341,71],{"class":70},[52,29343,202],{"class":66},[52,29345,83],{"class":70},[52,29347,29348],{"class":74},"wash dishes",[52,29350,71],{"class":70},[52,29352,10956],{"class":66},[52,29354,29355,29357,29360,29362,29364,29366,29369,29371],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29356,10940],{"class":70},[52,29358,29359],{"class":74},"second",[52,29361,71],{"class":70},[52,29363,202],{"class":66},[52,29365,83],{"class":70},[52,29367,29368],{"class":74},"do homework",[52,29370,71],{"class":70},[52,29372,10956],{"class":66},[52,29374,29375,29377,29380,29382,29384,29386,29389],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29376,10940],{"class":70},[52,29378,29379],{"class":74},"third",[52,29381,71],{"class":70},[52,29383,202],{"class":66},[52,29385,83],{"class":70},[52,29387,29388],{"class":74},"read book",[52,29390,2797],{"class":70},[52,29392,29393],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,29394,100],{"class":66},[52,29396,29397],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,29398,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,29400,29401,29404,29407],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,29402,29403],{"class":731},"while",[52,29405,29406],{"class":58}," tasks",[52,29408,737],{"class":66},[52,29410,29411,29414,29416,29418,29420,29422,29424,29426],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,29412,29413],{"class":58},"    key",[52,29415,80],{"class":66},[52,29417,21024],{"class":58},[52,29419,63],{"class":62},[52,29421,29406],{"class":58},[52,29423,114],{"class":66},[52,29425,27985],{"class":117},[52,29427,121],{"class":66},[52,29429,29430,29432,29434,29436,29438,29440,29442,29444,29446,29448,29450,29452,29454],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,29431,757],{"class":134},[52,29433,138],{"class":66},[52,29435,21734],{"class":1503},[52,29437,71],{"class":74},[52,29439,8726],{"class":947},[52,29441,14281],{"class":117},[52,29443,21743],{"class":947},[52,29445,21746],{"class":74},[52,29447,8726],{"class":947},[52,29449,985],{"class":117},[52,29451,21743],{"class":947},[52,29453,71],{"class":74},[52,29455,144],{"class":66},[20,29457,29458],{},[30,29459,577],{},[43,29461,29463],{"className":45,"code":29462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29464,29465,29474,29483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29466,29467,29469,29471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29468,29379],{"class":58},[52,29470,202],{"class":66},[52,29472,29473],{"class":58}," read book\n",[52,29475,29476,29478,29480],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29477,29359],{"class":58},[52,29479,202],{"class":66},[52,29481,29482],{"class":58}," do homework\n",[52,29484,29485,29487,29489],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29486,29339],{"class":58},[52,29488,202],{"class":66},[52,29490,29491],{"class":58}," wash dishes\n",[20,29493,28496,29494,29496],{},[15,29495,12212],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[38,29498,1158],{"id":1157},[20,29500,14173,29501,202],{},[15,29502,12212],{},[163,29504,29505,29519,29538,29549],{},[166,29506,29507,29512],{},[30,29508,633,29509,29511],{},[15,29510,12212],{}," on an empty dictionary",[163,29513,29514],{},[166,29515,29516,29517,114],{},"This raises ",[15,29518,639],{},[166,29520,29521,29526],{},[30,29522,1174,29523,29525],{},[15,29524,12212],{}," to remove a specific key",[163,29527,29528,29531],{},[166,29529,29530],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[166,29532,799,29533,29537],{},[221,29534,29535],{"href":12010},[15,29536,17],{}," if you need that.",[166,29539,29540,29544],{},[30,29541,4147,29542,27138],{},[15,29543,12212],{},[163,29545,29546],{},[166,29547,29548],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[166,29550,29551,29554],{},[30,29552,29553],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[163,29555,29556],{},[166,29557,29558,21415,29560,29562],{},[15,29559,12212],{},[15,29561,21095],{}," tuple.",[20,29564,29565],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[43,29567,29569],{"className":45,"code":29568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29570,29571,29581,29595,29599,29613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29572,29573,29575,29577,29579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29574,135],{"class":134},[52,29576,138],{"class":66},[52,29578,10891],{"class":117},[52,29580,144],{"class":66},[52,29582,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29584,135],{"class":134},[52,29586,138],{"class":66},[52,29588,1215],{"class":134},[52,29590,138],{"class":66},[52,29592,10891],{"class":117},[52,29594,1222],{"class":66},[52,29596,29597],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29598,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,29600,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29602,313],{"class":58},[52,29604,63],{"class":62},[52,29606,11209],{"class":58},[52,29608,114],{"class":66},[52,29610,27985],{"class":117},[52,29612,121],{"class":66},[52,29614,29615,29617,29619,29621],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,29616,135],{"class":134},[52,29618,138],{"class":66},[52,29620,337],{"class":117},[52,29622,144],{"class":66},[20,29624,29625],{},"Or with unpacking:",[43,29627,29629],{"className":45,"code":29628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29630,29631,29649,29659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29632,29633,29635,29637,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29634,14281],{"class":58},[52,29636,80],{"class":66},[52,29638,21024],{"class":58},[52,29640,63],{"class":62},[52,29642,11209],{"class":58},[52,29644,114],{"class":66},[52,29646,27985],{"class":117},[52,29648,121],{"class":66},[52,29650,29651,29653,29655,29657],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29652,135],{"class":134},[52,29654,138],{"class":66},[52,29656,14281],{"class":117},[52,29658,144],{"class":66},[52,29660,29661,29663,29665,29667],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29662,135],{"class":134},[52,29664,138],{"class":66},[52,29666,985],{"class":117},[52,29668,144],{"class":66},[38,29670,1273],{"id":1272},[699,29672,4586,29674,4589],{"id":29673},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29675,12212],{},[20,29677,29678,29679,114],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29680,29681],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[699,29683,1277,29685,29687],{"id":29684},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29686,12212],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29689,29690],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[699,29692,29694,29695,29697],{"id":29693},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29696,12212],{}," removes?",[20,29699,29700,29701,29705],{},"No. Use ",[221,29702,29703],{"href":12010},[15,29704,17],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[699,29707,1277,29709,14336],{"id":29708},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29710,12212],{},[20,29712,29713],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[699,29715,29717,29718,29720],{"id":29716},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29719,12212],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29722,29723,29724,29726,29727,114],{},"It raises ",[15,29725,639],{}," with the message ",[15,29728,29131],{},[38,29730,1332],{"id":1331},[163,29732,29733,29740,29746,29752,29758,29765,29769,29773],{},[166,29734,29735],{},[221,29736,29737,29739],{"href":12010},[15,29738,17],{}," method for dictionaries",[166,29741,29742],{},[221,29743,29744,29739],{"href":16515},[15,29745,16518],{},[166,29747,29748],{},[221,29749,29750,29739],{"href":16502},[15,29751,16505],{},[166,29753,29754],{},[221,29755,29756,29739],{"href":16508},[15,29757,16511],{},[166,29759,29760],{},[221,29761,29763,29739],{"href":29762},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29764,10763],{},[166,29766,29767],{},[221,29768,12229],{"href":12017},[166,29770,29771],{},[221,29772,20897],{"href":16036},[166,29774,29775],{},[221,29776,29777,29778],{"href":29291},"Fix ",[15,29779,29294],{},[1364,29781,29782],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":29784},[29785,29786,29788,29789,29790,29791,29792,29793,29798,29803,29805,29806,29818],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":28072,"depth":103,"text":29787},"What popitem() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":28141,"depth":103,"text":28142},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":28492,"depth":103,"text":28493},{"id":28684,"depth":103,"text":28685},{"id":28812,"depth":103,"text":29794,"children":29795},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29796,29797],{"id":27985,"depth":124,"text":12212},{"id":118,"depth":124,"text":17},{"id":29081,"depth":103,"text":29082,"children":29799},[29800,29801],{"id":29136,"depth":124,"text":29137},{"id":29211,"depth":124,"text":29802},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29297,"depth":103,"text":29804},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":29807},[29808,29810,29812,29814,29816],{"id":29673,"depth":124,"text":29809},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29684,"depth":124,"text":29811},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29693,"depth":124,"text":29813},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29708,"depth":124,"text":29815},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29716,"depth":124,"text":29817},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27812,"description":29819},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29826,"title":29827,"body":29828,"description":31731,"extension":1401,"meta":31732,"navigation":127,"path":13472,"seo":31733,"stem":31734,"__hash__":31735},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29829,"toc":31703},[29830,29835,29840,29843,29845,29942,29947,29952,29957,29960,29968,29971,29986,29988,30088,30090,30147,30151,30153,30156,30176,30181,30192,30195,30222,30225,30227,30284,30286,30307,30313,30318,30321,30332,30334,30442,30444,30497,30499,30511,30518,30524,30529,30532,30620,30622,30667,30670,30678,30681,30684,30753,30756,30759,30763,30766,30837,30839,30892,30895,30898,30901,30916,30919,30931,30934,30997,30999,31005,31007,31009,31088,31090,31131,31133,31198,31200,31237,31242,31247,31251,31265,31268,31391,31393,31478,31483,31485,31489,31511,31514,31594,31597,31616,31621,31623,31629,31634,31640,31643,31649,31652,31658,31663,31669,31675,31677,31700],[10,29831,10760,29833,18],{"id":29832},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29834,14394],{},[20,29836,1418,29837,29839],{},[15,29838,14394],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29841,29842],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[38,29844,41],{"id":40},[43,29846,29848],{"className":45,"code":29847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29849,29850,29886,29927,29937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29851,29852,29854,29856,29858,29860,29862,29864,29866,29868,29870,29872,29874,29876,29878,29880,29882,29884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29853,12643],{"class":58},[52,29855,63],{"class":62},[52,29857,67],{"class":66},[52,29859,71],{"class":70},[52,29861,7115],{"class":74},[52,29863,71],{"class":70},[52,29865,202],{"class":66},[52,29867,83],{"class":70},[52,29869,12323],{"class":74},[52,29871,71],{"class":70},[52,29873,80],{"class":66},[52,29875,83],{"class":70},[52,29877,8747],{"class":74},[52,29879,71],{"class":70},[52,29881,202],{"class":66},[52,29883,7237],{"class":947},[52,29885,100],{"class":66},[52,29887,29888,29890,29892,29895,29897,29899,29901,29903,29905,29908,29910,29912,29914,29916,29918,29920,29922,29924],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,29889,16747],{"class":58},[52,29891,114],{"class":66},[52,29893,29894],{"class":117},"update",[52,29896,4976],{"class":66},[52,29898,71],{"class":70},[52,29900,8747],{"class":74},[52,29902,71],{"class":70},[52,29904,202],{"class":66},[52,29906,29907],{"class":947}," 21",[52,29909,80],{"class":66},[52,29911,83],{"class":70},[52,29913,9857],{"class":74},[52,29915,71],{"class":70},[52,29917,202],{"class":66},[52,29919,83],{"class":70},[52,29921,15470],{"class":74},[52,29923,71],{"class":70},[52,29925,29926],{"class":66},"})\n",[52,29928,29929,29931,29933,29935],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,29930,135],{"class":134},[52,29932,138],{"class":66},[52,29934,16747],{"class":117},[52,29936,144],{"class":66},[52,29938,29939],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,29940,29941],{"class":3105},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,29943,799,29944,29946],{},[15,29945,14394],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[38,29948,194,29950,197],{"id":29949},"what-update-does",[15,29951,14394],{},[20,29953,29954,29956],{},[15,29955,14394],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,29958,29959],{},"It can do two main things:",[163,29961,29962,29965],{},[166,29963,29964],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[166,29966,29967],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,29969,29970],{},"Important things to know:",[163,29972,29973,29976,29979,29983],{},[166,29974,29975],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[166,29977,29978],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[166,29980,4592,29981],{},[15,29982,3220],{},[166,29984,29985],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,29987,267],{},[43,29989,29991],{"className":45,"code":29990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,29992,29993,30035,30078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29994,29995,29997,29999,30001,30003,30005,30007,30009,30011,30014,30016,30018,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30031,30033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29996,12306],{"class":58},[52,29998,63],{"class":62},[52,30000,67],{"class":66},[52,30002,71],{"class":70},[52,30004,7115],{"class":74},[52,30006,71],{"class":70},[52,30008,202],{"class":66},[52,30010,83],{"class":70},[52,30012,30013],{"class":74},"Mira",[52,30015,71],{"class":70},[52,30017,80],{"class":66},[52,30019,83],{"class":70},[52,30021,19330],{"class":74},[52,30023,71],{"class":70},[52,30025,202],{"class":66},[52,30027,83],{"class":70},[52,30029,30030],{"class":74},"B",[52,30032,71],{"class":70},[52,30034,100],{"class":66},[52,30036,30037,30039,30041,30043,30045,30047,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30074,30076],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30038,13065],{"class":58},[52,30040,114],{"class":66},[52,30042,29894],{"class":117},[52,30044,4976],{"class":66},[52,30046,71],{"class":70},[52,30048,19330],{"class":74},[52,30050,71],{"class":70},[52,30052,202],{"class":66},[52,30054,83],{"class":70},[52,30056,21685],{"class":74},[52,30058,71],{"class":70},[52,30060,80],{"class":66},[52,30062,83],{"class":70},[52,30064,9857],{"class":74},[52,30066,71],{"class":70},[52,30068,202],{"class":66},[52,30070,83],{"class":70},[52,30072,30073],{"class":74},"Quito",[52,30075,71],{"class":70},[52,30077,29926],{"class":66},[52,30079,30080,30082,30084,30086],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30081,135],{"class":134},[52,30083,138],{"class":66},[52,30085,13065],{"class":117},[52,30087,144],{"class":66},[20,30089,1509],{},[43,30091,30093],{"className":45,"code":30092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30094,30095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30096,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30117,30119,30121,30123,30125,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143,30145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30098,8726],{"class":66},[52,30100,608],{"class":70},[52,30102,7115],{"class":74},[52,30104,608],{"class":70},[52,30106,202],{"class":66},[52,30108,617],{"class":70},[52,30110,30013],{"class":74},[52,30112,608],{"class":70},[52,30114,80],{"class":66},[52,30116,617],{"class":70},[52,30118,19330],{"class":74},[52,30120,608],{"class":70},[52,30122,202],{"class":66},[52,30124,617],{"class":70},[52,30126,21685],{"class":74},[52,30128,608],{"class":70},[52,30130,80],{"class":66},[52,30132,617],{"class":70},[52,30134,9857],{"class":74},[52,30136,608],{"class":70},[52,30138,202],{"class":66},[52,30140,617],{"class":70},[52,30142,30073],{"class":74},[52,30144,608],{"class":70},[52,30146,100],{"class":66},[20,30148,8599,30149,114],{},[221,30150,24068],{"href":8838},[38,30152,228],{"id":227},[20,30154,30155],{},"The basic form is:",[43,30157,30159],{"className":45,"code":30158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30160,30161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30164,15045],{"class":58},[52,30166,114],{"class":66},[52,30168,29894],{"class":117},[52,30170,138],{"class":66},[52,30172,30173],{"class":117},"other",[52,30175,144],{"class":66},[20,30177,30178,30180],{},[15,30179,30173],{}," can be:",[163,30182,30183,30186,30189],{},[166,30184,30185],{},"Another dictionary",[166,30187,30188],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[166,30190,30191],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30193,30194],{},"You can also use:",[43,30196,30198],{"className":45,"code":30197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30199,30200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30201,30202,30204,30206,30208,30210,30212,30214,30216,30218,30220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30203,15045],{"class":58},[52,30205,114],{"class":66},[52,30207,29894],{"class":117},[52,30209,138],{"class":66},[52,30211,7115],{"class":8623},[52,30213,63],{"class":62},[52,30215,71],{"class":70},[52,30217,7124],{"class":74},[52,30219,71],{"class":70},[52,30221,144],{"class":66},[20,30223,30224],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30226,267],{},[43,30228,30230],{"className":45,"code":30229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30231,30232,30252,30274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30233,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30235,8613],{"class":58},[52,30237,63],{"class":62},[52,30239,67],{"class":66},[52,30241,71],{"class":70},[52,30243,221],{"class":74},[52,30245,71],{"class":70},[52,30247,202],{"class":66},[52,30249,4944],{"class":947},[52,30251,100],{"class":66},[52,30253,30254,30256,30258,30260,30262,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30255,8652],{"class":58},[52,30257,114],{"class":66},[52,30259,29894],{"class":117},[52,30261,4976],{"class":66},[52,30263,71],{"class":70},[52,30265,221],{"class":74},[52,30267,71],{"class":70},[52,30269,202],{"class":66},[52,30271,5451],{"class":947},[52,30273,29926],{"class":66},[52,30275,30276,30278,30280,30282],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30277,135],{"class":134},[52,30279,138],{"class":66},[52,30281,8652],{"class":117},[52,30283,144],{"class":66},[20,30285,1509],{},[43,30287,30289],{"className":45,"code":30288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30290,30291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30292,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30294,8726],{"class":66},[52,30296,608],{"class":70},[52,30298,221],{"class":74},[52,30300,608],{"class":70},[52,30302,202],{"class":66},[52,30304,5451],{"class":947},[52,30306,100],{"class":66},[38,30308,1185,30310,30312],{"id":30309},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30311,14394],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30314,30315,30316,114],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30317,14394],{},[20,30319,30320],{},"It is useful when:",[163,30322,30323,30326,30329],{},[166,30324,30325],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[166,30327,30328],{},"Adding extra settings",[166,30330,30331],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30333,267],{},[43,30335,30337],{"className":45,"code":30336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30338,30339,30376,30413,30417,30432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30340,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355,30357,30359,30361,30363,30365,30367,30369,30371,30374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30342,13265],{"class":58},[52,30344,63],{"class":62},[52,30346,67],{"class":66},[52,30348,71],{"class":70},[52,30350,11938],{"class":74},[52,30352,71],{"class":70},[52,30354,202],{"class":66},[52,30356,83],{"class":70},[52,30358,20367],{"class":74},[52,30360,71],{"class":70},[52,30362,80],{"class":66},[52,30364,83],{"class":70},[52,30366,13290],{"class":74},[52,30368,71],{"class":70},[52,30370,202],{"class":66},[52,30372,30373],{"class":947}," 12",[52,30375,100],{"class":66},[52,30377,30378,30381,30383,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30403,30405,30407,30409,30411],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30379,30380],{"class":58},"new_settings ",[52,30382,63],{"class":62},[52,30384,67],{"class":66},[52,30386,71],{"class":70},[52,30388,13290],{"class":74},[52,30390,71],{"class":70},[52,30392,202],{"class":66},[52,30394,13297],{"class":947},[52,30396,80],{"class":66},[52,30398,83],{"class":70},[52,30400,19562],{"class":74},[52,30402,71],{"class":70},[52,30404,202],{"class":66},[52,30406,83],{"class":70},[52,30408,19596],{"class":74},[52,30410,71],{"class":70},[52,30412,100],{"class":66},[52,30414,30415],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30416,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,30418,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30430],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30420,13324],{"class":58},[52,30422,114],{"class":66},[52,30424,29894],{"class":117},[52,30426,138],{"class":66},[52,30428,30429],{"class":117},"new_settings",[52,30431,144],{"class":66},[52,30433,30434,30436,30438,30440],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,30435,135],{"class":134},[52,30437,138],{"class":66},[52,30439,13324],{"class":117},[52,30441,144],{"class":66},[20,30443,1509],{},[43,30445,30447],{"className":45,"code":30446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30448,30449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30450,30451,30453,30455,30457,30459,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473,30475,30477,30479,30481,30483,30485,30487,30489,30491,30493,30495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30452,8726],{"class":66},[52,30454,608],{"class":70},[52,30456,11938],{"class":74},[52,30458,608],{"class":70},[52,30460,202],{"class":66},[52,30462,617],{"class":70},[52,30464,20367],{"class":74},[52,30466,608],{"class":70},[52,30468,80],{"class":66},[52,30470,617],{"class":70},[52,30472,13290],{"class":74},[52,30474,608],{"class":70},[52,30476,202],{"class":66},[52,30478,13297],{"class":947},[52,30480,80],{"class":66},[52,30482,617],{"class":70},[52,30484,19562],{"class":74},[52,30486,608],{"class":70},[52,30488,202],{"class":66},[52,30490,617],{"class":70},[52,30492,19596],{"class":74},[52,30494,608],{"class":70},[52,30496,100],{"class":66},[20,30498,12848],{},[163,30500,30501,30506],{},[166,30502,30503,30505],{},[15,30504,13290],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[166,30507,30508,30510],{},[15,30509,19562],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30512,30513,30514,114],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[221,30515,30517],{"href":30516},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[38,30519,1185,30521,30523],{"id":30520},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30522,14394],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30525,30526,30528],{},[15,30527,14394],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30530,30531],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[43,30533,30535],{"className":45,"code":30534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30536,30537,30557,30592,30596,30610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30538,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549,30551,30553,30555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30540,4507],{"class":58},[52,30542,63],{"class":62},[52,30544,67],{"class":66},[52,30546,71],{"class":70},[52,30548,17856],{"class":74},[52,30550,71],{"class":70},[52,30552,202],{"class":66},[52,30554,19337],{"class":947},[52,30556,100],{"class":66},[52,30558,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30584,30586,30588,30590],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30560,8663],{"class":58},[52,30562,63],{"class":62},[52,30564,8668],{"class":66},[52,30566,71],{"class":70},[52,30568,17865],{"class":74},[52,30570,71],{"class":70},[52,30572,80],{"class":66},[52,30574,12946],{"class":947},[52,30576,8681],{"class":66},[52,30578,8684],{"class":66},[52,30580,71],{"class":70},[52,30582,30583],{"class":74},"english",[52,30585,71],{"class":70},[52,30587,80],{"class":66},[52,30589,28357],{"class":947},[52,30591,8697],{"class":66},[52,30593,30594],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30595,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,30597,30598,30600,30602,30604,30606,30608],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30599,15828],{"class":58},[52,30601,114],{"class":66},[52,30603,29894],{"class":117},[52,30605,138],{"class":66},[52,30607,8710],{"class":117},[52,30609,144],{"class":66},[52,30611,30612,30614,30616,30618],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,30613,135],{"class":134},[52,30615,138],{"class":66},[52,30617,15828],{"class":117},[52,30619,144],{"class":66},[20,30621,1509],{},[43,30623,30625],{"className":45,"code":30624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30626,30627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30628,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663,30665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30630,8726],{"class":66},[52,30632,608],{"class":70},[52,30634,17856],{"class":74},[52,30636,608],{"class":70},[52,30638,202],{"class":66},[52,30640,19337],{"class":947},[52,30642,80],{"class":66},[52,30644,617],{"class":70},[52,30646,17865],{"class":74},[52,30648,608],{"class":70},[52,30650,202],{"class":66},[52,30652,12946],{"class":947},[52,30654,80],{"class":66},[52,30656,617],{"class":70},[52,30658,30583],{"class":74},[52,30660,608],{"class":70},[52,30662,202],{"class":66},[52,30664,28357],{"class":947},[52,30666,100],{"class":66},[20,30668,30669],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[163,30671,30672,30675],{},[166,30673,30674],{},"The key",[166,30676,30677],{},"The value",[20,30679,30680],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30682,30683],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[43,30685,30687],{"className":45,"code":30686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30688,30689,30709,30734,30738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30690,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705,30707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30692,8613],{"class":58},[52,30694,63],{"class":62},[52,30696,67],{"class":66},[52,30698,71],{"class":70},[52,30700,221],{"class":74},[52,30702,71],{"class":70},[52,30704,202],{"class":66},[52,30706,4944],{"class":947},[52,30708,100],{"class":66},[52,30710,30711,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30712,30713],{"class":58},"bad_pairs ",[52,30715,63],{"class":62},[52,30717,8668],{"class":66},[52,30719,71],{"class":70},[52,30721,4204],{"class":74},[52,30723,71],{"class":70},[52,30725,80],{"class":66},[52,30727,953],{"class":947},[52,30729,80],{"class":66},[52,30731,958],{"class":947},[52,30733,8697],{"class":66},[52,30735,30736],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30737,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,30739,30740,30742,30744,30746,30748,30751],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,30741,8652],{"class":58},[52,30743,114],{"class":66},[52,30745,29894],{"class":117},[52,30747,138],{"class":66},[52,30749,30750],{"class":117},"bad_pairs",[52,30752,144],{"class":66},[20,30754,30755],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30757,30758],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[38,30760,30762],{"id":30761},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30764,30765],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[43,30767,30769],{"className":45,"code":30768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30770,30771,30795,30827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30772,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30774,10930],{"class":58},[52,30776,63],{"class":62},[52,30778,67],{"class":66},[52,30780,71],{"class":70},[52,30782,7115],{"class":74},[52,30784,71],{"class":70},[52,30786,202],{"class":66},[52,30788,83],{"class":70},[52,30790,28350],{"class":74},[52,30792,71],{"class":70},[52,30794,100],{"class":66},[52,30796,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30816,30818,30820,30823,30825],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30798,11024],{"class":58},[52,30800,114],{"class":66},[52,30802,29894],{"class":117},[52,30804,138],{"class":66},[52,30806,8747],{"class":8623},[52,30808,63],{"class":62},[52,30810,8641],{"class":947},[52,30812,80],{"class":66},[52,30814,30815],{"class":8623}," city",[52,30817,63],{"class":62},[52,30819,71],{"class":70},[52,30821,30822],{"class":74},"Madrid",[52,30824,71],{"class":70},[52,30826,144],{"class":66},[52,30828,30829,30831,30833,30835],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30830,135],{"class":134},[52,30832,138],{"class":66},[52,30834,11024],{"class":117},[52,30836,144],{"class":66},[20,30838,1509],{},[43,30840,30842],{"className":45,"code":30841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30843,30844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30845,30846,30848,30850,30852,30854,30856,30858,30860,30862,30864,30866,30868,30870,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30847,8726],{"class":66},[52,30849,608],{"class":70},[52,30851,7115],{"class":74},[52,30853,608],{"class":70},[52,30855,202],{"class":66},[52,30857,617],{"class":70},[52,30859,28350],{"class":74},[52,30861,608],{"class":70},[52,30863,80],{"class":66},[52,30865,617],{"class":70},[52,30867,8747],{"class":74},[52,30869,608],{"class":70},[52,30871,202],{"class":66},[52,30873,8754],{"class":947},[52,30875,80],{"class":66},[52,30877,617],{"class":70},[52,30879,9857],{"class":74},[52,30881,608],{"class":70},[52,30883,202],{"class":66},[52,30885,617],{"class":70},[52,30887,30822],{"class":74},[52,30889,608],{"class":70},[52,30891,100],{"class":66},[20,30893,30894],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30896,30897],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30899,30900],{},"These work:",[163,30902,30903,30907,30911],{},[166,30904,30905],{},[15,30906,8747],{},[166,30908,30909],{},[15,30910,9857],{},[166,30912,30913],{},[15,30914,30915],{},"first_name",[20,30917,30918],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[163,30920,30921,30926],{},[166,30922,30923],{},[15,30924,30925],{},"\"first name\"",[166,30927,30928],{},[15,30929,30930],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30932,30933],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[43,30935,30937],{"className":45,"code":30936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30938,30939,30947,30987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30940,30941,30943,30945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30942,10930],{"class":58},[52,30944,63],{"class":62},[52,30946,9286],{"class":66},[52,30948,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30978,30980,30982,30985],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,30950,11024],{"class":58},[52,30952,114],{"class":66},[52,30954,29894],{"class":117},[52,30956,4976],{"class":66},[52,30958,71],{"class":70},[52,30960,9959],{"class":74},[52,30962,71],{"class":70},[52,30964,202],{"class":66},[52,30966,83],{"class":70},[52,30968,28350],{"class":74},[52,30970,71],{"class":70},[52,30972,80],{"class":66},[52,30974,83],{"class":70},[52,30976,30977],{"class":74},"user-id",[52,30979,71],{"class":70},[52,30981,202],{"class":66},[52,30983,30984],{"class":947}," 1001",[52,30986,29926],{"class":66},[52,30988,30989,30991,30993,30995],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,30990,135],{"class":134},[52,30992,138],{"class":66},[52,30994,11024],{"class":117},[52,30996,144],{"class":66},[38,30998,16859],{"id":16858},[20,31000,31001,1837,31003,114],{},[15,31002,14394],{},[15,31004,3220],{},[20,31006,13488],{},[20,31008,24148],{},[43,31010,31012],{"className":45,"code":31011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31013,31014,31038,31064,31068,31078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31015,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31017,12643],{"class":58},[52,31019,63],{"class":62},[52,31021,67],{"class":66},[52,31023,71],{"class":70},[52,31025,7115],{"class":74},[52,31027,71],{"class":70},[52,31029,202],{"class":66},[52,31031,83],{"class":70},[52,31033,12323],{"class":74},[52,31035,71],{"class":70},[52,31037,100],{"class":66},[52,31039,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31041,1668],{"class":58},[52,31043,63],{"class":62},[52,31045,12686],{"class":58},[52,31047,114],{"class":66},[52,31049,29894],{"class":117},[52,31051,4976],{"class":66},[52,31053,71],{"class":70},[52,31055,8747],{"class":74},[52,31057,71],{"class":70},[52,31059,202],{"class":66},[52,31061,7237],{"class":947},[52,31063,29926],{"class":66},[52,31065,31066],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,31067,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,31069,31070,31072,31074,31076],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31071,135],{"class":134},[52,31073,138],{"class":66},[52,31075,1703],{"class":117},[52,31077,144],{"class":66},[52,31079,31080,31082,31084,31086],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,31081,135],{"class":134},[52,31083,138],{"class":66},[52,31085,16747],{"class":117},[52,31087,144],{"class":66},[20,31089,1509],{},[43,31091,31093],{"className":45,"code":31092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31094,31095,31099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31096,31097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31098,11251],{"class":3295},[52,31100,31101,31103,31105,31107,31109,31111,31113,31115,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31102,8726],{"class":66},[52,31104,608],{"class":70},[52,31106,7115],{"class":74},[52,31108,608],{"class":70},[52,31110,202],{"class":66},[52,31112,617],{"class":70},[52,31114,12323],{"class":74},[52,31116,608],{"class":70},[52,31118,80],{"class":66},[52,31120,617],{"class":70},[52,31122,8747],{"class":74},[52,31124,608],{"class":70},[52,31126,202],{"class":66},[52,31128,7237],{"class":947},[52,31130,100],{"class":66},[20,31132,16095],{},[43,31134,31136],{"className":45,"code":31135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31137,31138,31162,31184,31188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31139,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31141,12643],{"class":58},[52,31143,63],{"class":62},[52,31145,67],{"class":66},[52,31147,71],{"class":70},[52,31149,7115],{"class":74},[52,31151,71],{"class":70},[52,31153,202],{"class":66},[52,31155,83],{"class":70},[52,31157,12323],{"class":74},[52,31159,71],{"class":70},[52,31161,100],{"class":66},[52,31163,31164,31166,31168,31170,31172,31174,31176,31178,31180,31182],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31165,16747],{"class":58},[52,31167,114],{"class":66},[52,31169,29894],{"class":117},[52,31171,4976],{"class":66},[52,31173,71],{"class":70},[52,31175,8747],{"class":74},[52,31177,71],{"class":70},[52,31179,202],{"class":66},[52,31181,7237],{"class":947},[52,31183,29926],{"class":66},[52,31185,31186],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,31187,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,31189,31190,31192,31194,31196],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31191,135],{"class":134},[52,31193,138],{"class":66},[52,31195,16747],{"class":117},[52,31197,144],{"class":66},[20,31199,1509],{},[43,31201,31203],{"className":45,"code":31202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31204,31205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31206,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219,31221,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31208,8726],{"class":66},[52,31210,608],{"class":70},[52,31212,7115],{"class":74},[52,31214,608],{"class":70},[52,31216,202],{"class":66},[52,31218,617],{"class":70},[52,31220,12323],{"class":74},[52,31222,608],{"class":70},[52,31224,80],{"class":66},[52,31226,617],{"class":70},[52,31228,8747],{"class":74},[52,31230,608],{"class":70},[52,31232,202],{"class":66},[52,31234,7237],{"class":947},[52,31236,100],{"class":66},[20,31238,31239,31240,114],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[221,31241,17343],{"href":10176},[38,31243,894,31245],{"id":31244},"when-to-use-update",[15,31246,14394],{},[20,31248,799,31249,916],{},[15,31250,14394],{},[163,31252,31253,31256,31259,31262],{},[166,31254,31255],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[166,31257,31258],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[166,31260,31261],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[166,31263,31264],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31266,31267],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[43,31269,31271],{"className":45,"code":31270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31272,31273,31309,31324,31328,31367,31371,31381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31274,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297,31299,31301,31303,31305,31307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31276,11529],{"class":58},[52,31278,63],{"class":62},[52,31280,67],{"class":66},[52,31282,71],{"class":70},[52,31284,7115],{"class":74},[52,31286,71],{"class":70},[52,31288,202],{"class":66},[52,31290,83],{"class":70},[52,31292,12323],{"class":74},[52,31294,71],{"class":70},[52,31296,80],{"class":66},[52,31298,83],{"class":70},[52,31300,8747],{"class":74},[52,31302,71],{"class":70},[52,31304,202],{"class":66},[52,31306,7237],{"class":947},[52,31308,100],{"class":66},[52,31310,31311,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31312,31313],{"class":58},"updated ",[52,31315,63],{"class":62},[52,31317,11604],{"class":58},[52,31319,114],{"class":66},[52,31321,12354],{"class":117},[52,31323,121],{"class":66},[52,31325,31326],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,31327,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,31329,31330,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31331,31332],{"class":58},"updated",[52,31334,114],{"class":66},[52,31336,29894],{"class":117},[52,31338,4976],{"class":66},[52,31340,71],{"class":70},[52,31342,8747],{"class":74},[52,31344,71],{"class":70},[52,31346,202],{"class":66},[52,31348,29907],{"class":947},[52,31350,80],{"class":66},[52,31352,83],{"class":70},[52,31354,9857],{"class":74},[52,31356,71],{"class":70},[52,31358,202],{"class":66},[52,31360,83],{"class":70},[52,31362,15470],{"class":74},[52,31364,71],{"class":70},[52,31366,29926],{"class":66},[52,31368,31369],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,31370,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,31372,31373,31375,31377,31379],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,31374,135],{"class":134},[52,31376,138],{"class":66},[52,31378,11576],{"class":117},[52,31380,144],{"class":66},[52,31382,31383,31385,31387,31389],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,31384,135],{"class":134},[52,31386,138],{"class":66},[52,31388,31332],{"class":117},[52,31390,144],{"class":66},[20,31392,1509],{},[43,31394,31396],{"className":45,"code":31395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31397,31398,31430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31399,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418,31420,31422,31424,31426,31428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31401,8726],{"class":66},[52,31403,608],{"class":70},[52,31405,7115],{"class":74},[52,31407,608],{"class":70},[52,31409,202],{"class":66},[52,31411,617],{"class":70},[52,31413,12323],{"class":74},[52,31415,608],{"class":70},[52,31417,80],{"class":66},[52,31419,617],{"class":70},[52,31421,8747],{"class":74},[52,31423,608],{"class":70},[52,31425,202],{"class":66},[52,31427,7237],{"class":947},[52,31429,100],{"class":66},[52,31431,31432,31434,31436,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31433,8726],{"class":66},[52,31435,608],{"class":70},[52,31437,7115],{"class":74},[52,31439,608],{"class":70},[52,31441,202],{"class":66},[52,31443,617],{"class":70},[52,31445,12323],{"class":74},[52,31447,608],{"class":70},[52,31449,80],{"class":66},[52,31451,617],{"class":70},[52,31453,8747],{"class":74},[52,31455,608],{"class":70},[52,31457,202],{"class":66},[52,31459,29907],{"class":947},[52,31461,80],{"class":66},[52,31463,617],{"class":70},[52,31465,9857],{"class":74},[52,31467,608],{"class":70},[52,31469,202],{"class":66},[52,31471,617],{"class":70},[52,31473,15470],{"class":74},[52,31475,608],{"class":70},[52,31477,100],{"class":66},[20,31479,31480,31481,114],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[221,31482,16037],{"href":16036},[38,31484,1158],{"id":1157},[20,31486,10192,31487,202],{},[15,31488,14394],{},[163,31490,31491,31498,31502,31505,31508],{},[166,31492,12038,31493,31495,31496],{},[15,31494,14394],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31497,3220],{},[166,31499,1174,31500,12046],{},[15,31501,14394],{},[166,31503,31504],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[166,31506,31507],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[166,31509,31510],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31512,31513],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[43,31515,31517],{"className":45,"code":31516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31518,31519,31529,31543,31557,31579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31520,31521,31523,31525,31527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31522,135],{"class":134},[52,31524,138],{"class":66},[52,31526,10891],{"class":117},[52,31528,144],{"class":66},[52,31530,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31532,135],{"class":134},[52,31534,138],{"class":66},[52,31536,1231],{"class":600},[52,31538,138],{"class":66},[52,31540,8652],{"class":117},[52,31542,1222],{"class":66},[52,31544,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,31546,135],{"class":134},[52,31548,138],{"class":66},[52,31550,7540],{"class":600},[52,31552,138],{"class":66},[52,31554,8652],{"class":117},[52,31556,1222],{"class":66},[52,31558,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575,31577],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31560,135],{"class":134},[52,31562,138],{"class":66},[52,31564,10891],{"class":117},[52,31566,114],{"class":66},[52,31568,19189],{"class":117},[52,31570,138],{"class":66},[52,31572,608],{"class":70},[52,31574,14281],{"class":74},[52,31576,608],{"class":70},[52,31578,1222],{"class":66},[52,31580,31581,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,31582,31583],{"class":134},"help",[52,31585,138],{"class":66},[52,31587,8268],{"class":600},[52,31589,114],{"class":66},[52,31591,29894],{"class":24190},[52,31593,144],{"class":66},[20,31595,31596],{},"These can help you check:",[163,31598,31599,31602,31607,31610,31613],{},[166,31600,31601],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[166,31603,31604,31605],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31606,14394],{},[166,31608,31609],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[166,31611,31612],{},"Whether a key exists",[166,31614,31615],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31617,31618,31619,114],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[221,31620,1356],{"href":695},[38,31622,1273],{"id":1272},[699,31624,1277,31626,31628],{"id":31625},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31627,14394],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31630,31631,31632,114],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31633,3220],{},[699,31635,1277,31637,31639],{"id":31636},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31638,14394],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31641,31642],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[699,31644,4614,31646,31648],{"id":31645},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31647,14394],{}," add new keys?",[20,31650,31651],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[699,31653,27767,31655,31657],{"id":31654},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31656,14394],{}," with a list?",[20,31659,31660,31661,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31662,10538],{},[699,31664,4624,31666,31668],{"id":31665},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31667,14394],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31670,31671,31672,31674],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31673,14394],{}," can change many keys at once.",[38,31676,1332],{"id":1331},[163,31678,31679,31683,31687,31692,31696],{},[166,31680,31681],{},[221,31682,25535],{"href":8838},[166,31684,31685],{},[221,31686,10694],{"href":10176},[166,31688,31689],{},[221,31690,31691],{"href":30516},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[166,31693,31694],{},[221,31695,20897],{"href":16036},[166,31697,31698],{},[221,31699,1356],{"href":695},[1364,31701,31702],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":31704},[31705,31706,31708,31709,31711,31713,31714,31715,31717,31718,31730],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":29949,"depth":103,"text":31707},"What update() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":30309,"depth":103,"text":31710},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30520,"depth":103,"text":31712},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30761,"depth":103,"text":30762},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":31244,"depth":103,"text":31716},"When to use update()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":31719},[31720,31722,31724,31726,31728],{"id":31625,"depth":124,"text":31721},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31636,"depth":124,"text":31723},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31645,"depth":124,"text":31725},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31654,"depth":124,"text":31727},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31665,"depth":124,"text":31729},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29827,"description":31731},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31737,"title":31738,"body":31739,"description":33728,"extension":1401,"meta":33729,"navigation":127,"path":22335,"seo":33730,"stem":33731,"__hash__":33732},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31740,"toc":33691},[31741,31746,31753,31756,31758,31857,31859,31914,31919,31924,31938,31943,31945,31960,31962,31976,31989,31994,32000,32007,32009,32116,32118,32167,32173,32248,32250,32271,32273,32276,32381,32383,32438,32440,32468,32472,32477,32556,32558,32578,32580,32591,32601,32605,32610,32714,32716,32741,32744,32755,32760,32769,32772,32789,32791,32878,32880,32943,32945,32968,32970,32975,32981,32986,32988,33027,33033,33036,33055,33066,33072,33075,33148,33150,33169,33174,33177,33200,33206,33209,33273,33276,33353,33360,33363,33422,33428,33430,33449,33453,33456,33507,33510,33530,33532,33593,33595,33600,33605,33610,33615,33620,33625,33631,33634,33643,33651,33653,33688],[10,31742,10760,31744,18],{"id":31743},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31745,16511],{},[20,31747,31748,31749,31752],{},"The Python ",[15,31750,31751],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31754,31755],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[38,31757,41],{"id":40},[43,31759,31761],{"className":45,"code":31760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31762,31763,31815,31829,31833,31843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31764,31765,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31766,12306],{"class":58},[52,31768,63],{"class":62},[52,31770,67],{"class":66},[52,31772,71],{"class":70},[52,31774,7115],{"class":74},[52,31776,71],{"class":70},[52,31778,202],{"class":66},[52,31780,83],{"class":70},[52,31782,12323],{"class":74},[52,31784,71],{"class":70},[52,31786,80],{"class":66},[52,31788,83],{"class":70},[52,31790,8747],{"class":74},[52,31792,71],{"class":70},[52,31794,202],{"class":66},[52,31796,7237],{"class":947},[52,31798,80],{"class":66},[52,31800,83],{"class":70},[52,31802,9857],{"class":74},[52,31804,71],{"class":70},[52,31806,202],{"class":66},[52,31808,83],{"class":70},[52,31810,15470],{"class":74},[52,31812,71],{"class":70},[52,31814,100],{"class":66},[52,31816,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31818,3265],{"class":58},[52,31820,63],{"class":62},[52,31822,12349],{"class":58},[52,31824,114],{"class":66},[52,31826,4804],{"class":117},[52,31828,121],{"class":66},[52,31830,31831],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,31832,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,31834,31835,31837,31839,31841],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,31836,135],{"class":134},[52,31838,138],{"class":66},[52,31840,4804],{"class":117},[52,31842,144],{"class":66},[52,31844,31845,31847,31849,31851,31853,31855],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,31846,135],{"class":134},[52,31848,138],{"class":66},[52,31850,7540],{"class":600},[52,31852,138],{"class":66},[52,31854,4804],{"class":117},[52,31856,1222],{"class":66},[20,31858,1509],{},[43,31860,31862],{"className":45,"code":31861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31863,31864,31890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31865,31866,31868,31870,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31867,16477],{"class":117},[52,31869,2424],{"class":66},[52,31871,608],{"class":70},[52,31873,12323],{"class":74},[52,31875,608],{"class":70},[52,31877,80],{"class":66},[52,31879,7237],{"class":947},[52,31881,80],{"class":66},[52,31883,617],{"class":70},[52,31885,15470],{"class":74},[52,31887,608],{"class":70},[52,31889,3332],{"class":66},[52,31891,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900,31902,31904,31906,31908,31910,31912],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,31893,3344],{"class":66},[52,31895,608],{"class":70},[52,31897,12323],{"class":74},[52,31899,608],{"class":70},[52,31901,80],{"class":66},[52,31903,7237],{"class":947},[52,31905,80],{"class":66},[52,31907,617],{"class":70},[52,31909,15470],{"class":74},[52,31911,608],{"class":70},[52,31913,3076],{"class":66},[20,31915,31916,31918],{},[15,31917,16511],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[38,31920,194,31922,197],{"id":31921},"what-values-does",[15,31923,16511],{},[163,31925,31926,31929,31932,31935],{},[166,31927,31928],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[166,31930,31931],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[166,31933,31934],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[166,31936,31937],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31939,31940,31941,114],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[221,31942,8839],{"href":8838},[38,31944,228],{"id":227},[43,31946,31948],{"className":45,"code":31947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,31949,31950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31951,31952,31954,31956,31958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31953,10891],{"class":58},[52,31955,114],{"class":66},[52,31957,4804],{"class":117},[52,31959,121],{"class":66},[20,31961,247],{},[163,31963,31964,31968,31971],{},[166,31965,31966,10907],{},[15,31967,16511],{},[166,31969,31970],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[166,31972,31973,31974],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,31975,16511],{},[20,31977,31978,31979,803,31984,114],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[221,31980,31981,31983],{"href":16502},[15,31982,16505],{}," for dictionary keys",[221,31985,31986,31988],{"href":16515},[15,31987,16518],{}," for key-value pairs",[38,31990,194,31992,11148],{"id":31991},"what-values-returns",[15,31993,16511],{},[20,31995,31996,21415,31998,24204],{},[15,31997,16511],{},[15,31999,16477],{},[20,32001,32002,32003,32006],{},"This object is a ",[30,32004,32005],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32008,267],{},[43,32010,32012],{"className":45,"code":32011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32013,32014,32050,32054,32069,32080,32084,32106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32015,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32017,12643],{"class":58},[52,32019,63],{"class":62},[52,32021,67],{"class":66},[52,32023,71],{"class":70},[52,32025,7115],{"class":74},[52,32027,71],{"class":70},[52,32029,202],{"class":66},[52,32031,83],{"class":70},[52,32033,7368],{"class":74},[52,32035,71],{"class":70},[52,32037,80],{"class":66},[52,32039,83],{"class":70},[52,32041,8747],{"class":74},[52,32043,71],{"class":70},[52,32045,202],{"class":66},[52,32047,8754],{"class":947},[52,32049,100],{"class":66},[52,32051,32052],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32053,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32055,32056,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32057,32058],{"class":58},"values_view ",[52,32060,63],{"class":62},[52,32062,12686],{"class":58},[52,32064,114],{"class":66},[52,32066,4804],{"class":117},[52,32068,121],{"class":66},[52,32070,32071,32073,32075,32078],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32072,135],{"class":134},[52,32074,138],{"class":66},[52,32076,32077],{"class":117},"values_view",[52,32079,144],{"class":66},[52,32081,32082],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,32083,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32085,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098,32100,32102,32104],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,32087,16747],{"class":58},[52,32089,3344],{"class":66},[52,32091,71],{"class":70},[52,32093,9857],{"class":74},[52,32095,71],{"class":70},[52,32097,12712],{"class":66},[52,32099,12715],{"class":62},[52,32101,83],{"class":70},[52,32103,30073],{"class":74},[52,32105,2797],{"class":70},[52,32107,32108,32110,32112,32114],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,32109,135],{"class":134},[52,32111,138],{"class":66},[52,32113,32077],{"class":117},[52,32115,144],{"class":66},[20,32117,1509],{},[43,32119,32121],{"className":45,"code":32120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32122,32123,32141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32124,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32126,16477],{"class":117},[52,32128,2424],{"class":66},[52,32130,608],{"class":70},[52,32132,7368],{"class":74},[52,32134,608],{"class":70},[52,32136,80],{"class":66},[52,32138,8754],{"class":947},[52,32140,3332],{"class":66},[52,32142,32143,32145,32147,32149,32151,32153,32155,32157,32159,32161,32163,32165],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32144,16477],{"class":117},[52,32146,2424],{"class":66},[52,32148,608],{"class":70},[52,32150,7368],{"class":74},[52,32152,608],{"class":70},[52,32154,80],{"class":66},[52,32156,8754],{"class":947},[52,32158,80],{"class":66},[52,32160,617],{"class":70},[52,32162,30073],{"class":74},[52,32164,608],{"class":70},[52,32166,3332],{"class":66},[20,32168,32169,32170,114],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32171,32172],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[43,32174,32176],{"className":45,"code":32175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32177,32178,32214,32233,32237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32179,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32181,12643],{"class":58},[52,32183,63],{"class":62},[52,32185,67],{"class":66},[52,32187,71],{"class":70},[52,32189,7115],{"class":74},[52,32191,71],{"class":70},[52,32193,202],{"class":66},[52,32195,83],{"class":70},[52,32197,7368],{"class":74},[52,32199,71],{"class":70},[52,32201,80],{"class":66},[52,32203,83],{"class":70},[52,32205,8747],{"class":74},[52,32207,71],{"class":70},[52,32209,202],{"class":66},[52,32211,8754],{"class":947},[52,32213,100],{"class":66},[52,32215,32216,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32217,32218],{"class":58},"values_list ",[52,32220,63],{"class":62},[52,32222,22000],{"class":600},[52,32224,138],{"class":66},[52,32226,16747],{"class":117},[52,32228,114],{"class":66},[52,32230,4804],{"class":117},[52,32232,6640],{"class":66},[52,32234,32235],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32236,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32238,32239,32241,32243,32246],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32240,135],{"class":134},[52,32242,138],{"class":66},[52,32244,32245],{"class":117},"values_list",[52,32247,144],{"class":66},[20,32249,1509],{},[43,32251,32253],{"className":45,"code":32252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32254,32255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32256,32257,32259,32261,32263,32265,32267,32269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32258,3344],{"class":66},[52,32260,608],{"class":70},[52,32262,7368],{"class":74},[52,32264,608],{"class":70},[52,32266,80],{"class":66},[52,32268,8754],{"class":947},[52,32270,3076],{"class":66},[38,32272,10917],{"id":10916},[20,32274,32275],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[43,32277,32279],{"className":45,"code":32278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32280,32281,32335,32339,32353,32357,32367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32282,32283,32285,32287,32289,32291,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307,32309,32311,32313,32316,32318,32320,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32284,24236],{"class":58},[52,32286,63],{"class":62},[52,32288,67],{"class":66},[52,32290,71],{"class":70},[52,32292,24245],{"class":74},[52,32294,71],{"class":70},[52,32296,202],{"class":66},[52,32298,83],{"class":70},[52,32300,24254],{"class":74},[52,32302,71],{"class":70},[52,32304,80],{"class":66},[52,32306,83],{"class":70},[52,32308,24263],{"class":74},[52,32310,71],{"class":70},[52,32312,202],{"class":66},[52,32314,32315],{"class":947}," 2022",[52,32317,80],{"class":66},[52,32319,83],{"class":70},[52,32321,32322],{"class":74},"color",[52,32324,71],{"class":70},[52,32326,202],{"class":66},[52,32328,83],{"class":70},[52,32330,295],{"class":74},[52,32332,71],{"class":70},[52,32334,100],{"class":66},[52,32336,32337],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32338,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32340,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32342,1668],{"class":58},[52,32344,63],{"class":62},[52,32346,24285],{"class":58},[52,32348,114],{"class":66},[52,32350,4804],{"class":117},[52,32352,121],{"class":66},[52,32354,32355],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32356,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32358,32359,32361,32363,32365],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,32360,135],{"class":134},[52,32362,138],{"class":66},[52,32364,1703],{"class":117},[52,32366,144],{"class":66},[52,32368,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,32370,135],{"class":134},[52,32372,138],{"class":66},[52,32374,7540],{"class":600},[52,32376,138],{"class":66},[52,32378,1703],{"class":117},[52,32380,1222],{"class":66},[20,32382,1509],{},[43,32384,32386],{"className":45,"code":32385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32387,32388,32414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32389,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32391,16477],{"class":117},[52,32393,2424],{"class":66},[52,32395,608],{"class":70},[52,32397,24254],{"class":74},[52,32399,608],{"class":70},[52,32401,80],{"class":66},[52,32403,32315],{"class":947},[52,32405,80],{"class":66},[52,32407,617],{"class":70},[52,32409,295],{"class":74},[52,32411,608],{"class":70},[52,32413,3332],{"class":66},[52,32415,32416,32418,32420,32422,32424,32426,32428,32430,32432,32434,32436],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32417,3344],{"class":66},[52,32419,608],{"class":70},[52,32421,24254],{"class":74},[52,32423,608],{"class":70},[52,32425,80],{"class":66},[52,32427,32315],{"class":947},[52,32429,80],{"class":66},[52,32431,617],{"class":70},[52,32433,295],{"class":74},[52,32435,608],{"class":70},[52,32437,3076],{"class":66},[20,32439,11126],{},[163,32441,32442,32448,32454,32462],{},[166,32443,32444,32447],{},[15,32445,32446],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[166,32449,32450,32453],{},[15,32451,32452],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[166,32455,32456,32459,32460,24057],{},[15,32457,32458],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32461,16477],{},[166,32463,32464,32467],{},[15,32465,32466],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[38,32469,32471],{"id":32470},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32473,32474,32475,25504],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32476,5405],{},[43,32478,32480],{"className":45,"code":32479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32481,32482,32526,32530,32546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32483,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32498,32500,32502,32504,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520,32522,32524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32485,4507],{"class":58},[52,32487,63],{"class":62},[52,32489,67],{"class":66},[52,32491,71],{"class":70},[52,32493,17856],{"class":74},[52,32495,71],{"class":70},[52,32497,202],{"class":66},[52,32499,19337],{"class":947},[52,32501,80],{"class":66},[52,32503,83],{"class":70},[52,32505,30583],{"class":74},[52,32507,71],{"class":70},[52,32509,202],{"class":66},[52,32511,12946],{"class":947},[52,32513,80],{"class":66},[52,32515,83],{"class":70},[52,32517,17865],{"class":74},[52,32519,71],{"class":70},[52,32521,202],{"class":66},[52,32523,28357],{"class":947},[52,32525,100],{"class":66},[52,32527,32528],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32529,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32531,32532,32534,32536,32538,32540,32542,32544],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32533,5405],{"class":731},[52,32535,21024],{"class":58},[52,32537,3326],{"class":731},[52,32539,4554],{"class":58},[52,32541,114],{"class":66},[52,32543,4804],{"class":117},[52,32545,21035],{"class":66},[52,32547,32548,32550,32552,32554],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32549,757],{"class":134},[52,32551,138],{"class":66},[52,32553,985],{"class":117},[52,32555,144],{"class":66},[20,32557,1509],{},[43,32559,32561],{"className":45,"code":32560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32562,32563,32568,32573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32564,32565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32566,32567],{"class":947},"90\n",[52,32569,32570],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32571,32572],{"class":947},"85\n",[52,32574,32575],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32576,32577],{"class":947},"88\n",[20,32579,17149],{},[163,32581,32582,32585,32588],{},[166,32583,32584],{},"You only need the values",[166,32586,32587],{},"You do not care about the keys",[166,32589,32590],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32592,32593,32594,456,32598,114],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[221,32595,10182,32596,1070],{"href":16515},[15,32597,16518],{},[221,32599,21915],{"href":32600},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[38,32602,32604],{"id":32603},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32606,799,32607,32609],{},[15,32608,32172],{}," when you need a list.",[43,32611,32613],{"className":45,"code":32612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32614,32615,32661,32665,32685,32689,32700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32616,32617,32620,32622,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646,32648,32650,32653,32655,32657,32659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32618,32619],{"class":58},"fruit_prices ",[52,32621,63],{"class":62},[52,32623,67],{"class":66},[52,32625,71],{"class":70},[52,32627,75],{"class":74},[52,32629,71],{"class":70},[52,32631,202],{"class":66},[52,32633,953],{"class":947},[52,32635,80],{"class":66},[52,32637,83],{"class":70},[52,32639,86],{"class":74},[52,32641,71],{"class":70},[52,32643,202],{"class":66},[52,32645,4944],{"class":947},[52,32647,80],{"class":66},[52,32649,83],{"class":70},[52,32651,32652],{"class":74},"orange",[52,32654,71],{"class":70},[52,32656,202],{"class":66},[52,32658,958],{"class":947},[52,32660,100],{"class":66},[52,32662,32663],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32664,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32666,32667,32670,32672,32674,32676,32679,32681,32683],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32668,32669],{"class":58},"price_list ",[52,32671,63],{"class":62},[52,32673,22000],{"class":600},[52,32675,138],{"class":66},[52,32677,32678],{"class":117},"fruit_prices",[52,32680,114],{"class":66},[52,32682,4804],{"class":117},[52,32684,6640],{"class":66},[52,32686,32687],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32688,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32690,32691,32693,32695,32698],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,32692,135],{"class":134},[52,32694,138],{"class":66},[52,32696,32697],{"class":117},"price_list",[52,32699,144],{"class":66},[52,32701,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,32703,135],{"class":134},[52,32705,138],{"class":66},[52,32707,32697],{"class":117},[52,32709,3344],{"class":66},[52,32711,1558],{"class":947},[52,32713,3332],{"class":66},[20,32715,1509],{},[43,32717,32719],{"className":45,"code":32718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32720,32721,32737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32722,32723,32725,32727,32729,32731,32733,32735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32724,3344],{"class":66},[52,32726,1047],{"class":947},[52,32728,80],{"class":66},[52,32730,4944],{"class":947},[52,32732,80],{"class":66},[52,32734,958],{"class":947},[52,32736,3076],{"class":66},[52,32738,32739],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32740,16496],{"class":947},[20,32742,32743],{},"This is helpful for:",[163,32745,32746,32749,32752],{},[166,32747,32748],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[166,32750,32751],{},"Accessing values by index",[166,32753,32754],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32756,3369,32757,32759],{},[15,32758,16477],{}," is not the same as a list.",[38,32761,32763,897,32765,897,32767],{"id":32762},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32764,16511],{},[15,32766,16505],{},[15,32768,16518],{},[20,32770,32771],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[163,32773,32774,32779,32784],{},[166,32775,32776,32778],{},[15,32777,16511],{}," returns only the values",[166,32780,32781,32783],{},[15,32782,16505],{}," returns only the keys",[166,32785,32786,32788],{},[15,32787,16518],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32790,1564],{},[43,32792,32794],{"className":45,"code":32793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32795,32796,32832,32836,32850,32864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32797,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32799,12306],{"class":58},[52,32801,63],{"class":62},[52,32803,67],{"class":66},[52,32805,71],{"class":70},[52,32807,7115],{"class":74},[52,32809,71],{"class":70},[52,32811,202],{"class":66},[52,32813,83],{"class":70},[52,32815,12323],{"class":74},[52,32817,71],{"class":70},[52,32819,80],{"class":66},[52,32821,83],{"class":70},[52,32823,8747],{"class":74},[52,32825,71],{"class":70},[52,32827,202],{"class":66},[52,32829,7237],{"class":947},[52,32831,100],{"class":66},[52,32833,32834],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32835,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,32837,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32839,135],{"class":134},[52,32841,138],{"class":66},[52,32843,13065],{"class":117},[52,32845,114],{"class":66},[52,32847,16363],{"class":117},[52,32849,6640],{"class":66},[52,32851,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,32853,135],{"class":134},[52,32855,138],{"class":66},[52,32857,13065],{"class":117},[52,32859,114],{"class":66},[52,32861,4804],{"class":117},[52,32863,6640],{"class":66},[52,32865,32866,32868,32870,32872,32874,32876],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,32867,135],{"class":134},[52,32869,138],{"class":66},[52,32871,13065],{"class":117},[52,32873,114],{"class":66},[52,32875,154],{"class":117},[52,32877,6640],{"class":66},[20,32879,1509],{},[43,32881,32883],{"className":45,"code":32882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32884,32885,32907,32925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32886,32887,32889,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903,32905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32888,16454],{"class":117},[52,32890,2424],{"class":66},[52,32892,608],{"class":70},[52,32894,7115],{"class":74},[52,32896,608],{"class":70},[52,32898,80],{"class":66},[52,32900,617],{"class":70},[52,32902,8747],{"class":74},[52,32904,608],{"class":70},[52,32906,3332],{"class":66},[52,32908,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921,32923],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,32910,16477],{"class":117},[52,32912,2424],{"class":66},[52,32914,608],{"class":70},[52,32916,12323],{"class":74},[52,32918,608],{"class":70},[52,32920,80],{"class":66},[52,32922,7237],{"class":947},[52,32924,3332],{"class":66},[52,32926,32927,32929,32931,32933,32935,32937,32939,32941],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,32928,21348],{"class":117},[52,32930,9105],{"class":66},[52,32932,608],{"class":70},[52,32934,7115],{"class":74},[52,32936,608],{"class":70},[52,32938,80],{"class":66},[52,32940,7237],{"class":947},[52,32942,10124],{"class":66},[20,32944,18134],{},[163,32946,32947,32954,32961],{},[166,32948,32949,32953],{},[221,32950,32951],{"href":16502},[15,32952,16505],{}," when you need just the keys",[166,32955,32956,32960],{},[221,32957,32958],{"href":16508},[15,32959,16511],{}," when you need just the values",[166,32962,32963,32967],{},[221,32964,32965],{"href":16515},[15,32966,16518],{}," when you need both",[38,32969,3961],{"id":3960},[20,32971,32972,32973,114],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,32974,16511],{},[699,32976,633,32978,32980],{"id":32977},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,32979,16511],{}," on the wrong type",[20,32982,32983,32985],{},[15,32984,16511],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,32987,16083],{},[43,32989,32991],{"className":45,"code":32990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,32992,32993,33013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32994,32995,32997,32999,33001,33003,33005,33007,33009,33011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32996,7755],{"class":58},[52,32998,63],{"class":62},[52,33000,3063],{"class":66},[52,33002,948],{"class":947},[52,33004,80],{"class":66},[52,33006,953],{"class":947},[52,33008,80],{"class":66},[52,33010,958],{"class":947},[52,33012,3076],{"class":66},[52,33014,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33016,135],{"class":134},[52,33018,138],{"class":66},[52,33020,7786],{"class":117},[52,33022,114],{"class":66},[52,33024,4804],{"class":117},[52,33026,6640],{"class":66},[20,33028,33029,33030,33032],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33031,16511],{}," method.",[20,33034,33035],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[43,33037,33039],{"className":45,"code":33038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33040,33041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33042,33043,33045,33047,33049,33051,33053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33044,135],{"class":134},[52,33046,138],{"class":66},[52,33048,1231],{"class":600},[52,33050,138],{"class":66},[52,33052,7786],{"class":117},[52,33054,1222],{"class":66},[20,33056,33057,33058,33060,33061,114],{},"If you get an ",[15,33059,25112],{},", see ",[221,33062,25120,33063,33065],{"href":25119},[15,33064,25123],{}," errors",[699,33067,4022,33069,33071],{"id":33068},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33070,16511],{}," returns a list",[20,33073,33074],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[43,33076,33078],{"className":45,"code":33077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33079,33080,33116,33130,33134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33081,33082,33084,33086,33088,33090,33092,33094,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33083,12306],{"class":58},[52,33085,63],{"class":62},[52,33087,67],{"class":66},[52,33089,71],{"class":70},[52,33091,7115],{"class":74},[52,33093,71],{"class":70},[52,33095,202],{"class":66},[52,33097,83],{"class":70},[52,33099,12323],{"class":74},[52,33101,71],{"class":70},[52,33103,80],{"class":66},[52,33105,83],{"class":70},[52,33107,8747],{"class":74},[52,33109,71],{"class":70},[52,33111,202],{"class":66},[52,33113,7237],{"class":947},[52,33115,100],{"class":66},[52,33117,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33119,3265],{"class":58},[52,33121,63],{"class":62},[52,33123,12349],{"class":58},[52,33125,114],{"class":66},[52,33127,4804],{"class":117},[52,33129,121],{"class":66},[52,33131,33132],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,33133,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,33135,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33137,135],{"class":134},[52,33139,138],{"class":66},[52,33141,1231],{"class":600},[52,33143,138],{"class":66},[52,33145,4804],{"class":117},[52,33147,1222],{"class":66},[20,33149,1509],{},[43,33151,33153],{"className":45,"code":33152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33154,33155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33156,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33158,2729],{"class":62},[52,33160,2732],{"class":1503},[52,33162,617],{"class":70},[52,33164,16477],{"class":74},[52,33166,608],{"class":70},[52,33168,2741],{"class":62},[20,33170,4592,33171,33173],{},[15,33172,16477],{},", not a list.",[20,33175,33176],{},"If you need a list:",[43,33178,33180],{"className":45,"code":33179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33181,33182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33183,33184,33186,33188,33190,33192,33194,33196,33198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33185,3265],{"class":58},[52,33187,63],{"class":62},[52,33189,22000],{"class":600},[52,33191,138],{"class":66},[52,33193,13065],{"class":117},[52,33195,114],{"class":66},[52,33197,4804],{"class":117},[52,33199,6640],{"class":66},[699,33201,33203,33204],{"id":33202},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33205,16477],{},[20,33207,33208],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[43,33210,33212],{"className":45,"code":33211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33213,33214,33250,33264,33268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33215,33216,33218,33220,33222,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234,33236,33238,33240,33242,33244,33246,33248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33217,12306],{"class":58},[52,33219,63],{"class":62},[52,33221,67],{"class":66},[52,33223,71],{"class":70},[52,33225,7115],{"class":74},[52,33227,71],{"class":70},[52,33229,202],{"class":66},[52,33231,83],{"class":70},[52,33233,12323],{"class":74},[52,33235,71],{"class":70},[52,33237,80],{"class":66},[52,33239,83],{"class":70},[52,33241,8747],{"class":74},[52,33243,71],{"class":70},[52,33245,202],{"class":66},[52,33247,7237],{"class":947},[52,33249,100],{"class":66},[52,33251,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33253,3265],{"class":58},[52,33255,63],{"class":62},[52,33257,12349],{"class":58},[52,33259,114],{"class":66},[52,33261,4804],{"class":117},[52,33263,121],{"class":66},[52,33265,33266],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,33267,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,33269,33270],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33271,33272],{"class":3105},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33274,33275],{},"Convert to a list first:",[43,33277,33279],{"className":45,"code":33278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33280,33281,33317,33335,33339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33282,33283,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33284,12306],{"class":58},[52,33286,63],{"class":62},[52,33288,67],{"class":66},[52,33290,71],{"class":70},[52,33292,7115],{"class":74},[52,33294,71],{"class":70},[52,33296,202],{"class":66},[52,33298,83],{"class":70},[52,33300,12323],{"class":74},[52,33302,71],{"class":70},[52,33304,80],{"class":66},[52,33306,83],{"class":70},[52,33308,8747],{"class":74},[52,33310,71],{"class":70},[52,33312,202],{"class":66},[52,33314,7237],{"class":947},[52,33316,100],{"class":66},[52,33318,33319,33321,33323,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33320,3265],{"class":58},[52,33322,63],{"class":62},[52,33324,22000],{"class":600},[52,33326,138],{"class":66},[52,33328,13065],{"class":117},[52,33330,114],{"class":66},[52,33332,4804],{"class":117},[52,33334,6640],{"class":66},[52,33336,33337],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,33338,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,33340,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349,33351],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33342,135],{"class":134},[52,33344,138],{"class":66},[52,33346,4804],{"class":117},[52,33348,3344],{"class":66},[52,33350,1558],{"class":947},[52,33352,3332],{"class":66},[699,33354,1185,33356,1326,33358],{"id":33355},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33357,4804],{},[15,33359,16511],{},[20,33361,33362],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[43,33364,33366],{"className":45,"code":33365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33367,33368,33404,33408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33369,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380,33382,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33371,12306],{"class":58},[52,33373,63],{"class":62},[52,33375,67],{"class":66},[52,33377,71],{"class":70},[52,33379,7115],{"class":74},[52,33381,71],{"class":70},[52,33383,202],{"class":66},[52,33385,83],{"class":70},[52,33387,12323],{"class":74},[52,33389,71],{"class":70},[52,33391,80],{"class":66},[52,33393,83],{"class":70},[52,33395,8747],{"class":74},[52,33397,71],{"class":70},[52,33399,202],{"class":66},[52,33401,7237],{"class":947},[52,33403,100],{"class":66},[52,33405,33406],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33407,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,33409,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,33411,135],{"class":134},[52,33413,138],{"class":66},[52,33415,13065],{"class":117},[52,33417,114],{"class":66},[52,33419,4804],{"class":24190},[52,33421,144],{"class":66},[20,33423,33424,33427],{},[15,33425,33426],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33429,18134],{},[43,33431,33433],{"className":45,"code":33432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33434,33435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33436,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33438,135],{"class":134},[52,33440,138],{"class":66},[52,33442,13065],{"class":117},[52,33444,114],{"class":66},[52,33446,4804],{"class":117},[52,33448,6640],{"class":66},[699,33450,33452],{"id":33451},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33454,33455],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[43,33457,33459],{"className":45,"code":33458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33460,33461,33493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33462,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33464,8613],{"class":58},[52,33466,63],{"class":62},[52,33468,67],{"class":66},[52,33470,71],{"class":70},[52,33472,221],{"class":74},[52,33474,71],{"class":70},[52,33476,202],{"class":66},[52,33478,4944],{"class":947},[52,33480,80],{"class":66},[52,33482,83],{"class":70},[52,33484,4204],{"class":74},[52,33486,71],{"class":70},[52,33488,202],{"class":66},[52,33490,953],{"class":947},[52,33492,100],{"class":66},[52,33494,33495,33497,33499,33501,33503,33505],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33496,135],{"class":134},[52,33498,138],{"class":66},[52,33500,8652],{"class":117},[52,33502,114],{"class":66},[52,33504,4804],{"class":117},[52,33506,6640],{"class":66},[20,33508,33509],{},"Not like this:",[43,33511,33513],{"className":45,"code":33512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33514,33515,33520,33525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33516,33517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33518,33519],{"class":3105},"# Wrong examples:\n",[52,33521,33522],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33523,33524],{"class":3105},"# data().values()\n",[52,33526,33527],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,33528,33529],{"class":3105},"# values(data)\n",[20,33531,2778],{},[43,33533,33535],{"className":45,"code":33534,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33536,33537,33551,33561,33575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33538,33539,33541,33543,33545,33547,33549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33540,135],{"class":134},[52,33542,138],{"class":66},[52,33544,1231],{"class":600},[52,33546,138],{"class":66},[52,33548,10891],{"class":117},[52,33550,1222],{"class":66},[52,33552,33553,33555,33557,33559],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33554,135],{"class":134},[52,33556,138],{"class":66},[52,33558,10891],{"class":117},[52,33560,144],{"class":66},[52,33562,33563,33565,33567,33569,33571,33573],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,33564,135],{"class":134},[52,33566,138],{"class":66},[52,33568,10891],{"class":117},[52,33570,114],{"class":66},[52,33572,4804],{"class":117},[52,33574,6640],{"class":66},[52,33576,33577,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,33578,135],{"class":134},[52,33580,138],{"class":66},[52,33582,7540],{"class":600},[52,33584,138],{"class":66},[52,33586,10891],{"class":117},[52,33588,114],{"class":66},[52,33590,4804],{"class":117},[52,33592,5736],{"class":66},[38,33594,1273],{"id":1272},[699,33596,4586,33598,4589],{"id":33597},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33599,31751],{},[20,33601,16862,33602,33604],{},[15,33603,16477],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[699,33606,1277,33608,23371],{"id":33607},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33609,16511],{},[20,33611,23374,33612,23378],{},[15,33613,33614],{},"list(...)",[699,33616,25496,33618,1293],{"id":33617},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33619,31751],{},[20,33621,33622,33623,25504],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33624,5405],{},[699,33626,1277,33628,33630],{"id":33627},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33629,31751],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33632,33633],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[699,33635,33637,33638,33640,33641,1293],{"id":33636},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33639,16511],{}," different from ",[15,33642,16518],{},[20,33644,33645,33647,33648,33650],{},[15,33646,16511],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33649,16518],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[38,33652,1332],{"id":1331},[163,33654,33655,33661,33667,33671,33677,33681],{},[166,33656,33657],{},[221,33658,10182,33659,1070],{"href":16502},[15,33660,16505],{},[166,33662,33663],{},[221,33664,10182,33665,1070],{"href":16515},[15,33666,16518],{},[166,33668,33669],{},[221,33670,10685],{"href":8838},[166,33672,33673],{},[221,33674,33676],{"href":33675},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[166,33678,33679],{},[221,33680,23456],{"href":32600},[166,33682,33683],{},[221,33684,29777,33685],{"href":25119},[15,33686,33687],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1364,33689,33690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":33692},[33693,33694,33696,33697,33699,33700,33701,33702,33704,33715,33727],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":31921,"depth":103,"text":33695},"What values() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":31991,"depth":103,"text":33698},"What values() returns",{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":32470,"depth":103,"text":32471},{"id":32603,"depth":103,"text":32604},{"id":32762,"depth":103,"text":33703},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":33705},[33706,33708,33710,33712,33714],{"id":32977,"depth":124,"text":33707},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33068,"depth":124,"text":33709},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33202,"depth":124,"text":33711},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33355,"depth":124,"text":33713},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33451,"depth":124,"text":33452},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":33716},[33717,33719,33721,33723,33725],{"id":33597,"depth":124,"text":33718},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33607,"depth":124,"text":33720},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33617,"depth":124,"text":33722},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33627,"depth":124,"text":33724},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33636,"depth":124,"text":33726},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31738,"description":33728},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33734,"title":33735,"body":33736,"description":35166,"extension":1401,"meta":35167,"navigation":127,"path":35168,"seo":35169,"stem":35170,"__hash__":35171},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33737,"toc":35118},[33738,33744,33749,33752,33768,33777,33779,33811,33817,33820,33915,33918,33923,33928,33931,33942,33944,33958,33964,33966,33971,33977,33980,34019,34027,34032,34035,34080,34083,34095,34101,34107,34111,34144,34147,34165,34168,34172,34211,34213,34232,34235,34247,34252,34258,34261,34316,34319,34330,34333,34344,34347,34351,34357,34359,34389,34392,34407,34410,34413,34432,34435,34451,34460,34462,34493,34499,34504,34507,34514,34545,34548,34570,34573,34576,34590,34594,34625,34640,34647,34654,34658,34666,34670,34678,34681,34730,34741,34743,34746,34752,34757,34767,34771,34774,34777,34781,34784,34786,34807,34811,34817,34828,34834,34836,34842,34866,34869,34932,34935,34963,34966,35028,35030,35035,35038,35045,35053,35060,35063,35071,35077,35079,35106,35115],[10,33739,3015,33741,3019],{"id":33740},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33742,33743],{},"dir()",[20,33745,31748,33746,33748],{},[15,33747,33743],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33750,33751],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[163,33753,33754,33757,33760,33765],{},[166,33755,33756],{},"learning Python",[166,33758,33759],{},"exploring a new object",[166,33761,33762,33763],{},"debugging an ",[15,33764,25112],{},[166,33766,33767],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33769,33770,33771,33773,33774],{},"In short, ",[15,33772,33743],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,33775,33776],{},"“What can I use here?”",[38,33778,41],{"id":40},[43,33780,33782],{"className":45,"code":33781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33783,33784,33796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33785,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33787,7323],{"class":58},[52,33789,63],{"class":62},[52,33791,83],{"class":70},[52,33793,3288],{"class":74},[52,33795,2797],{"class":70},[52,33797,33798,33800,33802,33805,33807,33809],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33799,135],{"class":134},[52,33801,138],{"class":66},[52,33803,33804],{"class":134},"dir",[52,33806,138],{"class":66},[52,33808,7115],{"class":117},[52,33810,1222],{"class":66},[20,33812,799,33813,33816],{},[15,33814,33815],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33818,33819],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[43,33821,33823],{"className":45,"code":33822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33824,33825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33826,33827,33829,33831,33834,33836,33838,33840,33843,33845,33847,33849,33852,33854,33856,33858,33861,33863,33865,33867,33870,33872,33874,33876,33879,33881,33883,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33902,33904,33906,33908,33911,33913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33828,3344],{"class":66},[52,33830,608],{"class":70},[52,33832,33833],{"class":74},"__add__",[52,33835,608],{"class":70},[52,33837,80],{"class":66},[52,33839,617],{"class":70},[52,33841,33842],{"class":74},"__class__",[52,33844,608],{"class":70},[52,33846,80],{"class":66},[52,33848,617],{"class":70},[52,33850,33851],{"class":74},"__contains__",[52,33853,608],{"class":70},[52,33855,80],{"class":66},[52,33857,617],{"class":70},[52,33859,33860],{"class":74},"__delattr__",[52,33862,608],{"class":70},[52,33864,80],{"class":66},[52,33866,617],{"class":70},[52,33868,33869],{"class":74},"__dir__",[52,33871,608],{"class":70},[52,33873,80],{"class":66},[52,33875,617],{"class":70},[52,33877,33878],{"class":74},"__doc__",[52,33880,608],{"class":70},[52,33882,80],{"class":66},[52,33884,33886],{"class":33885},"s_hVV"," ...",[52,33888,80],{"class":66},[52,33890,617],{"class":70},[52,33892,8087],{"class":74},[52,33894,608],{"class":70},[52,33896,80],{"class":66},[52,33898,617],{"class":70},[52,33900,33901],{"class":74},"split",[52,33903,608],{"class":70},[52,33905,80],{"class":66},[52,33907,617],{"class":70},[52,33909,33910],{"class":74},"upper",[52,33912,608],{"class":70},[52,33914,3076],{"class":66},[20,33916,33917],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[38,33919,194,33921,197],{"id":33920},"what-dir-does",[15,33922,33743],{},[20,33924,33925,33927],{},[15,33926,33743],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33929,33930],{},"It usually includes:",[163,33932,33933,33936,33939],{},[166,33934,33935],{},"attributes",[166,33937,33938],{},"methods",[166,33940,33941],{},"special Python names",[20,33943,10900],{},[163,33945,33946,33952,33955],{},[166,33947,33948,33949],{},"The result is a ",[30,33950,33951],{},"list of strings",[166,33953,33954],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[166,33956,33957],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,33959,33960,33961,33963],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,33962,33743],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[38,33965,228],{"id":227},[20,33967,33968,33970],{},[15,33969,33743],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[699,33972,33974,33976],{"id":33973},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,33975,33743],{}," with no argument",[20,33978,33979],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[43,33981,33983],{"className":45,"code":33982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,33984,33985,33993,34005,34009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33986,33987,33989,33991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33988,2463],{"class":58},[52,33990,63],{"class":62},[52,33992,2026],{"class":947},[52,33994,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,33996,7323],{"class":58},[52,33998,63],{"class":62},[52,34000,83],{"class":70},[52,34002,7124],{"class":74},[52,34004,2797],{"class":70},[52,34006,34007],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34008,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34010,34011,34013,34015,34017],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34012,135],{"class":134},[52,34014,138],{"class":66},[52,34016,33804],{"class":134},[52,34018,6640],{"class":66},[20,34020,34021,34022,803,34024,34026],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34023,1611],{},[15,34025,7115],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[699,34028,34030],{"id":34029},"dirobject",[15,34031,33815],{},[20,34033,34034],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[43,34036,34038],{"className":45,"code":34037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34039,34040,34058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34041,34042,34044,34046,34048,34050,34052,34054,34056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34043,135],{"class":134},[52,34045,138],{"class":66},[52,34047,33804],{"class":134},[52,34049,138],{"class":66},[52,34051,71],{"class":70},[52,34053,3288],{"class":74},[52,34055,71],{"class":70},[52,34057,1222],{"class":66},[52,34059,34060,34062,34064,34066,34068,34070,34072,34074,34076,34078],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34061,135],{"class":134},[52,34063,138],{"class":66},[52,34065,33804],{"class":134},[52,34067,2424],{"class":66},[52,34069,948],{"class":947},[52,34071,80],{"class":66},[52,34073,953],{"class":947},[52,34075,80],{"class":66},[52,34077,958],{"class":947},[52,34079,2437],{"class":66},[20,34081,34082],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[163,34084,34085,34087,34089,34092],{},[166,34086,4754],{},[166,34088,4745],{},[166,34090,34091],{},"modules",[166,34093,34094],{},"custom objects",[38,34096,1185,34098,34100],{"id":34097},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34099,33743],{}," with a value",[20,34102,34103,34104,34106],{},"A common use of ",[15,34105,33743],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[699,34108,34110],{"id":34109},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[43,34112,34114],{"className":45,"code":34113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34115,34116,34129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34117,34118,34121,34123,34125,34127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34119,34120],{"class":58},"text ",[52,34122,63],{"class":62},[52,34124,83],{"class":70},[52,34126,3288],{"class":74},[52,34128,2797],{"class":70},[52,34130,34131,34133,34135,34137,34139,34142],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34132,135],{"class":134},[52,34134,138],{"class":66},[52,34136,33804],{"class":134},[52,34138,138],{"class":66},[52,34140,34141],{"class":117},"text",[52,34143,1222],{"class":66},[20,34145,34146],{},"You will see method names like:",[163,34148,34149,34153,34157,34161],{},[166,34150,34151],{},[15,34152,8087],{},[166,34154,34155],{},[15,34156,33910],{},[166,34158,34159],{},[15,34160,33901],{},[166,34162,34163],{},[15,34164,8081],{},[20,34166,34167],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[699,34169,34171],{"id":34170},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[43,34173,34175],{"className":45,"code":34174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34176,34177,34197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34178,34179,34181,34183,34185,34187,34189,34191,34193,34195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34180,940],{"class":58},[52,34182,63],{"class":62},[52,34184,3063],{"class":66},[52,34186,948],{"class":947},[52,34188,80],{"class":66},[52,34190,953],{"class":947},[52,34192,80],{"class":66},[52,34194,958],{"class":947},[52,34196,3076],{"class":66},[52,34198,34199,34201,34203,34205,34207,34209],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34200,135],{"class":134},[52,34202,138],{"class":66},[52,34204,33804],{"class":134},[52,34206,138],{"class":66},[52,34208,1037],{"class":117},[52,34210,1222],{"class":66},[20,34212,34146],{},[163,34214,34215,34219,34223,34227],{},[166,34216,34217],{},[15,34218,12992],{},[166,34220,34221],{},[15,34222,118],{},[166,34224,34225],{},[15,34226,1042],{},[166,34228,34229],{},[15,34230,34231],{},"sort",[20,34233,34234],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34236,34237,34238,34243,34244,34246],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[221,34239,34241],{"href":34240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34242,1741],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34245,33743],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[38,34248,1185,34250,33976],{"id":34249},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34251,33743],{},[20,34253,34254,34255,34257],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34256,33743],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34259,34260],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[43,34262,34264],{"className":45,"code":34263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34265,34266,34275,34279,34290,34302,34306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34267,34268,34270,34272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34269,2463],{"class":58},[52,34271,63],{"class":62},[52,34273,34274],{"class":947}," 5\n",[52,34276,34277],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34278,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34280,34281,34284,34288],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34282,34283],{"class":1503},"def",[52,34285,34287],{"class":34286},"sGLFI"," greet",[52,34289,21035],{"class":66},[52,34291,34292,34295,34297,34300],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34293,34294],{"class":731},"    return",[52,34296,83],{"class":70},[52,34298,34299],{"class":74},"Hello",[52,34301,2797],{"class":70},[52,34303,34304],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,34305,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34307,34308,34310,34312,34314],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,34309,135],{"class":134},[52,34311,138],{"class":66},[52,34313,33804],{"class":134},[52,34315,6640],{"class":66},[20,34317,34318],{},"The output will include names like:",[163,34320,34321,34325],{},[166,34322,34323],{},[15,34324,1611],{},[166,34326,34327],{},[15,34328,34329],{},"greet",[20,34331,34332],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[163,34334,34335,34338,34341],{},[166,34336,34337],{},"what variables exist",[166,34339,34340],{},"what functions you have defined",[166,34342,34343],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34345,34346],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[38,34348,34350],{"id":34349},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34352,34353,34354,34356],{},"When you first use ",[15,34355,33743],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34358,267],{},[43,34360,34361],{"className":45,"code":34113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,34362,34363,34375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34364,34365,34367,34369,34371,34373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34366,34120],{"class":58},[52,34368,63],{"class":62},[52,34370,83],{"class":70},[52,34372,3288],{"class":74},[52,34374,2797],{"class":70},[52,34376,34377,34379,34381,34383,34385,34387],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34378,135],{"class":134},[52,34380,138],{"class":66},[52,34382,33804],{"class":134},[52,34384,138],{"class":66},[52,34386,34141],{"class":117},[52,34388,1222],{"class":66},[20,34390,34391],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[163,34393,34394,34398,34402],{},[166,34395,34396],{},[15,34397,33842],{},[166,34399,34400],{},[15,34401,33878],{},[166,34403,34404],{},[15,34405,34406],{},"__len__",[20,34408,34409],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34411,34412],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[163,34414,34415,34419,34423,34427],{},[166,34416,34417],{},[15,34418,33910],{},[166,34420,34421],{},[15,34422,8087],{},[166,34424,34425],{},[15,34426,33901],{},[166,34428,34429],{},[15,34430,34431],{},"replace",[20,34433,34434],{},"A key point to remember:",[163,34436,34437,34445],{},[166,34438,34439,34441,34442],{},[15,34440,33743],{}," lists ",[30,34443,34444],{},"names only",[166,34446,34447,34448,34450],{},"it does ",[30,34449,32],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34452,34453,34454,114],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[221,34455,34457],{"href":34456},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34458,34459],{},"help()",[20,34461,4918],{},[43,34463,34465],{"className":45,"code":34464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34466,34467,34479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34468,34469,34471,34473,34475,34477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34470,7323],{"class":58},[52,34472,63],{"class":62},[52,34474,83],{"class":70},[52,34476,3288],{"class":74},[52,34478,2797],{"class":70},[52,34480,34481,34483,34485,34487,34489,34491],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34482,31583],{"class":134},[52,34484,138],{"class":66},[52,34486,7115],{"class":117},[52,34488,114],{"class":66},[52,34490,33910],{"class":24190},[52,34492,144],{"class":66},[38,34494,34496,34498],{"id":34495},"dir-on-modules",[15,34497,33743],{}," on modules",[20,34500,15153,34501,34503],{},[15,34502,33743],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34505,34506],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[699,34508,34510,34511,34513],{"id":34509},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34512,17856],{}," module",[43,34515,34517],{"className":45,"code":34516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34518,34519,34527,34531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34520,34521,34524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34522,34523],{"class":731},"import",[52,34525,34526],{"class":58}," math\n",[52,34528,34529],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34530,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34532,34533,34535,34537,34539,34541,34543],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34534,135],{"class":134},[52,34536,138],{"class":66},[52,34538,33804],{"class":134},[52,34540,138],{"class":66},[52,34542,17856],{"class":117},[52,34544,1222],{"class":66},[20,34546,34547],{},"You may see names like:",[163,34549,34550,34555,34560,34565],{},[166,34551,34552],{},[15,34553,34554],{},"sqrt",[166,34556,34557],{},[15,34558,34559],{},"ceil",[166,34561,34562],{},[15,34563,34564],{},"floor",[166,34566,34567],{},[15,34568,34569],{},"pi",[20,34571,34572],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34574,34575],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[163,34577,34578,34584],{},[166,34579,34580],{},[221,34581,34583],{"href":34582},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[166,34585,34586],{},[221,34587,34589],{"href":34588},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[699,34591,34593],{"id":34592},"another-example","Another example",[43,34595,34597],{"className":45,"code":34596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34598,34599,34606,34610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34600,34601,34603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34602,34523],{"class":731},[52,34604,34605],{"class":58}," json\n",[52,34607,34608],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34609,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34611,34612,34614,34616,34618,34620,34623],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34613,135],{"class":134},[52,34615,138],{"class":66},[52,34617,33804],{"class":134},[52,34619,138],{"class":66},[52,34621,34622],{"class":117},"json",[52,34624,1222],{"class":66},[20,34626,34627,34628,1627,34631,1627,34634,16512,34637,114],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34629,34630],{},"dump",[15,34632,34633],{},"dumps",[15,34635,34636],{},"load",[15,34638,34639],{},"loads",[38,34641,34643,897,34645],{"id":34642},"dir-vs-help",[15,34644,33743],{},[15,34646,34459],{},[20,34648,34649,803,34651,34653],{},[15,34650,33743],{},[15,34652,34459],{}," are often used together.",[699,34655,34656],{"id":33804},[15,34657,33743],{},[163,34659,34660,34663],{},[166,34661,34662],{},"shows available names",[166,34664,34665],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[699,34667,34668],{"id":31583},[15,34669,34459],{},[163,34671,34672,34675],{},[166,34673,34674],{},"explains what an object or function does",[166,34676,34677],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34679,34680],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[43,34682,34684],{"className":45,"code":34683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34685,34686,34698,34702,34716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34687,34688,34690,34692,34694,34696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34689,7323],{"class":58},[52,34691,63],{"class":62},[52,34693,83],{"class":70},[52,34695,3288],{"class":74},[52,34697,2797],{"class":70},[52,34699,34700],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34701,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34703,34704,34706,34708,34710,34712,34714],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34705,135],{"class":134},[52,34707,138],{"class":66},[52,34709,33804],{"class":134},[52,34711,138],{"class":66},[52,34713,7115],{"class":117},[52,34715,1222],{"class":66},[52,34717,34718,34720,34722,34724,34726,34728],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34719,31583],{"class":134},[52,34721,138],{"class":66},[52,34723,7115],{"class":117},[52,34725,114],{"class":66},[52,34727,33910],{"class":24190},[52,34729,144],{"class":66},[20,34731,799,34732,34734,34735,34737,34738,34740],{},[15,34733,33743],{}," first to find a method name.",[9294,34736],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34739,34459],{}," to understand how to use it.",[38,34742,24798],{"id":24797},[20,34744,34745],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[699,34747,34749,34751],{"id":34748},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34750,33743],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34753,34754,34756],{},[15,34755,33743],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34758,34759,34760,34762,34763,34766],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34761,33910],{}," in ",[15,34764,34765],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[699,34768,34770],{"id":34769},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34772,34773],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34775,34776],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[699,34778,34780],{"id":34779},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34782,34783],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34785,4918],{},[163,34787,34788,34793,34799],{},[166,34789,34790,34792],{},[15,34791,34765],{}," shows string-related names",[166,34794,34795,34798],{},[15,34796,34797],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[166,34800,34801,34804,34805,34513],{},[15,34802,34803],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34806,17856],{},[699,34808,34810],{"id":34809},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34812,34813,34814,34816],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34815,33743],{}," does not mean you already know:",[163,34818,34819,34822,34825],{},[166,34820,34821],{},"what it does",[166,34823,34824],{},"what arguments it needs",[166,34826,34827],{},"what it returns",[20,34829,34830,34831,34833],{},"That is why ",[15,34832,34459],{}," is the natural next step.",[38,34835,1158],{"id":1157},[20,34837,34838,34839,34841],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34840,33743],{}," in these situations:",[163,34843,34844,34847,34856,34859],{},[166,34845,34846],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[166,34848,34849,34850,34855],{},"Seeing an ",[221,34851,34853],{"href":34852},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34854,25112],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[166,34857,34858],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[166,34860,1185,34861,34863,34864],{},[15,34862,33743],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34865,34459],{},[20,34867,34868],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[43,34870,34872],{"className":45,"code":34871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34873,34874,34886,34890,34904,34918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34875,34876,34878,34880,34882,34884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34877,7323],{"class":58},[52,34879,63],{"class":62},[52,34881,83],{"class":70},[52,34883,3288],{"class":74},[52,34885,2797],{"class":70},[52,34887,34888],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34889,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34891,34892,34894,34896,34898,34900,34902],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34893,135],{"class":134},[52,34895,138],{"class":66},[52,34897,1231],{"class":600},[52,34899,138],{"class":66},[52,34901,7115],{"class":117},[52,34903,1222],{"class":66},[52,34905,34906,34908,34910,34912,34914,34916],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,34907,135],{"class":134},[52,34909,138],{"class":66},[52,34911,33804],{"class":134},[52,34913,138],{"class":66},[52,34915,7115],{"class":117},[52,34917,1222],{"class":66},[52,34919,34920,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,34921,31583],{"class":134},[52,34923,138],{"class":66},[52,34925,7115],{"class":117},[52,34927,114],{"class":66},[52,34929,33910],{"class":24190},[52,34931,144],{"class":66},[20,34933,34934],{},"And for modules:",[43,34936,34937],{"className":45,"code":34516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,34938,34939,34945,34949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34940,34941,34943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34942,34523],{"class":731},[52,34944,34526],{"class":58},[52,34946,34947],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34948,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,34950,34951,34953,34955,34957,34959,34961],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34952,135],{"class":134},[52,34954,138],{"class":66},[52,34956,33804],{"class":134},[52,34958,138],{"class":66},[52,34960,17856],{"class":117},[52,34962,1222],{"class":66},[20,34964,34965],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[43,34967,34969],{"className":45,"code":34968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,34970,34971,34976,34988,34998,35012,35018],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34972,34973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34974,34975],{"class":58},"python\n",[52,34977,34978,34980,34982,34984,34986],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,34979,7323],{"class":58},[52,34981,63],{"class":62},[52,34983,83],{"class":70},[52,34985,3288],{"class":74},[52,34987,2797],{"class":70},[52,34989,34990,34992,34994,34996],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,34991,33804],{"class":134},[52,34993,138],{"class":66},[52,34995,7115],{"class":117},[52,34997,144],{"class":66},[52,34999,35000,35002,35004,35006,35008,35010],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35001,31583],{"class":134},[52,35003,138],{"class":66},[52,35005,7115],{"class":117},[52,35007,114],{"class":66},[52,35009,33910],{"class":24190},[52,35011,144],{"class":66},[52,35013,35014,35016],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,35015,34523],{"class":731},[52,35017,34526],{"class":58},[52,35019,35020,35022,35024,35026],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,35021,33804],{"class":134},[52,35023,138],{"class":66},[52,35025,17856],{"class":117},[52,35027,144],{"class":66},[38,35029,1273],{"id":1272},[699,35031,4586,35033,4589],{"id":35032},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35034,33743],{},[20,35036,35037],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[699,35039,4624,35041,803,35043,1293],{"id":35040},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35042,33743],{},[15,35044,34459],{},[20,35046,35047,35049,35050,35052],{},[15,35048,33743],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35051,34459],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[699,35054,35056,35057,35059],{"id":35055},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35058,33743],{}," output?",[20,35061,35062],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[699,35064,4614,35066,35068,35069,1293],{"id":35065},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35067,33743],{}," help fix ",[15,35070,25112],{},[20,35072,35073,35074,114],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[221,35075,35076],{"href":34852},"object has no attribute",[38,35078,1332],{"id":1331},[163,35080,35081,35087,35092,35096,35100],{},[166,35082,35083],{},[221,35084,3015,35085,2948],{"href":34456},[15,35086,34459],{},[166,35088,35089],{},[221,35090,35091],{"href":34852},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[166,35093,35094],{},[221,35095,34583],{"href":34582},[166,35097,35098],{},[221,35099,34589],{"href":34588},[166,35101,35102],{},[221,35103,3015,35104,2948],{"href":34240},[15,35105,1741],{},[20,35107,35108,35109,35111,35112,35114],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35110,33743],{}," together with ",[15,35113,34459],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1364,35116,35117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":35119},[35120,35121,35123,35128,35133,35135,35136,35142,35147,35154,35155,35165],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":33920,"depth":103,"text":35122},"What dir() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":35124},[35125,35127],{"id":33973,"depth":124,"text":35126},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34029,"depth":124,"text":33815},{"id":34097,"depth":103,"text":35129,"children":35130},"Using dir() with a value",[35131,35132],{"id":34109,"depth":124,"text":34110},{"id":34170,"depth":124,"text":34171},{"id":34249,"depth":103,"text":35134},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34349,"depth":103,"text":34350},{"id":34495,"depth":103,"text":35137,"children":35138},"dir() on modules",[35139,35141],{"id":34509,"depth":124,"text":35140},"Example: math module",{"id":34592,"depth":124,"text":34593},{"id":34642,"depth":103,"text":35143,"children":35144},"dir() vs help()",[35145,35146],{"id":33804,"depth":124,"text":33743},{"id":31583,"depth":124,"text":34459},{"id":24797,"depth":103,"text":24798,"children":35148},[35149,35151,35152,35153],{"id":34748,"depth":124,"text":35150},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34769,"depth":124,"text":34770},{"id":34779,"depth":124,"text":34780},{"id":34809,"depth":124,"text":34810},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":35156},[35157,35159,35161,35163],{"id":35032,"depth":124,"text":35158},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35040,"depth":124,"text":35160},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35055,"depth":124,"text":35162},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35065,"depth":124,"text":35164},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33735,"description":35166},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35173,"title":35174,"body":35175,"description":36992,"extension":1401,"meta":36993,"navigation":127,"path":36994,"seo":36995,"stem":36996,"__hash__":36997},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35176,"toc":36961},[35177,35183,35188,35191,35199,35205,35207,35287,35289,35315,35320,35325,35330,35333,35344,35347,35349,35428,35430,35456,35463,35465,35467,35492,35495,35508,35513,35515,35596,35598,35624,35633,35638,35646,35652,35659,35662,35664,35741,35744,35801,35803,35840,35846,35851,35856,35859,35873,35875,35978,35980,36023,36032,36042,36049,36055,36062,36145,36147,36170,36173,36176,36178,36182,36186,36189,36252,36275,36278,36282,36288,36290,36357,36360,36437,36442,36448,36451,36454,36499,36501,36525,36530,36534,36539,36545,36608,36611,36613,36616,36641,36644,36779,36781,36882,36884,36889,36892,36898,36908,36916,36921,36927,36933,36935,36958],[10,35178,3015,35180,3019],{"id":35179},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35181,35182],{},"enumerate()",[20,35184,35185,35187],{},[15,35186,35182],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35189,35190],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[163,35192,35193,35196],{},[166,35194,35195],{},"the item itself",[166,35197,35198],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35200,35201,35202,35204],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35203,35182],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[38,35206,41],{"id":40},[43,35208,35210],{"className":45,"code":35209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35211,35212,35244,35248,35271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35213,35214,35216,35218,35220,35222,35224,35226,35228,35230,35232,35234,35236,35238,35240,35242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35215,277],{"class":58},[52,35217,63],{"class":62},[52,35219,3063],{"class":66},[52,35221,71],{"class":70},[52,35223,286],{"class":74},[52,35225,71],{"class":70},[52,35227,80],{"class":66},[52,35229,83],{"class":70},[52,35231,304],{"class":74},[52,35233,71],{"class":70},[52,35235,80],{"class":66},[52,35237,83],{"class":70},[52,35239,295],{"class":74},[52,35241,71],{"class":70},[52,35243,3076],{"class":66},[52,35245,35246],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35247,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,35249,35250,35252,35255,35257,35260,35262,35265,35267,35269],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35251,5405],{"class":731},[52,35253,35254],{"class":58}," index",[52,35256,80],{"class":66},[52,35258,35259],{"class":58}," color ",[52,35261,3326],{"class":731},[52,35263,35264],{"class":134}," enumerate",[52,35266,138],{"class":66},[52,35268,348],{"class":117},[52,35270,7789],{"class":66},[52,35272,35273,35275,35277,35280,35282,35285],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35274,757],{"class":134},[52,35276,138],{"class":66},[52,35278,35279],{"class":117},"index",[52,35281,80],{"class":66},[52,35283,35284],{"class":117}," color",[52,35286,144],{"class":66},[20,35288,1509],{},[43,35290,35292],{"className":45,"code":35291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35293,35294,35301,35308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35295,35296,35298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35297,1558],{"class":947},[52,35299,35300],{"class":58}," red\n",[52,35302,35303,35305],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35304,948],{"class":947},[52,35306,35307],{"class":58}," green\n",[52,35309,35310,35312],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35311,1047],{"class":947},[52,35313,35314],{"class":58}," blue\n",[20,35316,799,35317,35319],{},[15,35318,35182],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[38,35321,194,35323,197],{"id":35322},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35324,35182],{},[20,35326,35327,35329],{},[15,35328,35182],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35331,35332],{},"It is commonly used with:",[163,35334,35335,35337,35339,35341],{},[166,35336,4745],{},[166,35338,4748],{},[166,35340,4754],{},[166,35342,35343],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35345,35346],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35348,267],{},[43,35350,35352],{"className":45,"code":35351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35353,35354,35388,35392,35413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35355,35356,35358,35360,35362,35364,35366,35368,35370,35372,35375,35377,35379,35381,35384,35386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35357,4438],{"class":58},[52,35359,63],{"class":62},[52,35361,3063],{"class":66},[52,35363,71],{"class":70},[52,35365,12323],{"class":74},[52,35367,71],{"class":70},[52,35369,80],{"class":66},[52,35371,83],{"class":70},[52,35373,35374],{"class":74},"Ben",[52,35376,71],{"class":70},[52,35378,80],{"class":66},[52,35380,83],{"class":70},[52,35382,35383],{"class":74},"Cara",[52,35385,71],{"class":70},[52,35387,3076],{"class":66},[52,35389,35390],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35391,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,35393,35394,35396,35398,35400,35403,35405,35407,35409,35411],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35395,5405],{"class":731},[52,35397,35254],{"class":58},[52,35399,80],{"class":66},[52,35401,35402],{"class":58}," name ",[52,35404,3326],{"class":731},[52,35406,35264],{"class":134},[52,35408,138],{"class":66},[52,35410,4482],{"class":117},[52,35412,7789],{"class":66},[52,35414,35415,35417,35419,35421,35423,35426],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35416,757],{"class":134},[52,35418,138],{"class":66},[52,35420,35279],{"class":117},[52,35422,80],{"class":66},[52,35424,35425],{"class":117}," name",[52,35427,144],{"class":66},[20,35429,1509],{},[43,35431,35433],{"className":45,"code":35432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35434,35435,35442,35449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35436,35437,35439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35438,1558],{"class":947},[52,35440,35441],{"class":58}," Ana\n",[52,35443,35444,35446],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35445,948],{"class":947},[52,35447,35448],{"class":58}," Ben\n",[52,35450,35451,35453],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35452,1047],{"class":947},[52,35454,35455],{"class":58}," Cara\n",[20,35457,35458,35459,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[221,35460,35462],{"href":35461},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[38,35464,228],{"id":227},[20,35466,1597],{},[43,35468,35470],{"className":45,"code":35469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35471,35472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35473,35474,35477,35479,35481,35483,35486,35488,35490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35475,35476],{"class":134},"enumerate",[52,35478,138],{"class":66},[52,35480,3162],{"class":117},[52,35482,80],{"class":66},[52,35484,35485],{"class":8623}," start",[52,35487,63],{"class":62},[52,35489,1558],{"class":947},[52,35491,144],{"class":66},[20,35493,35494],{},"It has two parts:",[163,35496,35497,35502],{},[166,35498,35499,35501],{},[15,35500,3162],{},": the object you want to loop through",[166,35503,35504,35507],{},[15,35505,35506],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35509,35510,35511,114],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35512,1558],{},[20,35514,267],{},[43,35516,35518],{"className":45,"code":35517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35519,35520,35553,35557,35580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35521,35522,35525,35527,35529,35531,35533,35535,35537,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35523,35524],{"class":58},"letters ",[52,35526,63],{"class":62},[52,35528,3063],{"class":66},[52,35530,71],{"class":70},[52,35532,221],{"class":74},[52,35534,71],{"class":70},[52,35536,80],{"class":66},[52,35538,83],{"class":70},[52,35540,4204],{"class":74},[52,35542,71],{"class":70},[52,35544,80],{"class":66},[52,35546,83],{"class":70},[52,35548,9187],{"class":74},[52,35550,71],{"class":70},[52,35552,3076],{"class":66},[52,35554,35555],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35556,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,35558,35559,35561,35564,35566,35569,35571,35573,35575,35578],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35560,5405],{"class":731},[52,35562,35563],{"class":58}," i",[52,35565,80],{"class":66},[52,35567,35568],{"class":58}," letter ",[52,35570,3326],{"class":731},[52,35572,35264],{"class":134},[52,35574,138],{"class":66},[52,35576,35577],{"class":117},"letters",[52,35579,7789],{"class":66},[52,35581,35582,35584,35586,35589,35591,35594],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35583,757],{"class":134},[52,35585,138],{"class":66},[52,35587,35588],{"class":117},"i",[52,35590,80],{"class":66},[52,35592,35593],{"class":117}," letter",[52,35595,144],{"class":66},[20,35597,1509],{},[43,35599,35601],{"className":45,"code":35600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35602,35603,35610,35617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35604,35605,35607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35606,1558],{"class":947},[52,35608,35609],{"class":58}," a\n",[52,35611,35612,35614],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35613,948],{"class":947},[52,35615,35616],{"class":58}," b\n",[52,35618,35619,35621],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35620,1047],{"class":947},[52,35622,35623],{"class":58}," c\n",[20,35625,35626,35627,114],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[221,35628,3015,35630,2948],{"href":35629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35631,35632],{},"range()",[38,35634,194,35636,11148],{"id":35635},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35637,35182],{},[20,35639,35640,35642,35643,114],{},[15,35641,35182],{}," returns an ",[30,35644,35645],{},"enumerate object",[20,35647,35648,35649,35651],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35650,5405],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[163,35653,35654],{},[166,35655,35656],{},[15,35657,35658],{},"(index, item)",[20,35660,35661],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35663,267],{},[43,35665,35667],{"className":45,"code":35666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35668,35669,35701,35705,35726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35670,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35672,393],{"class":58},[52,35674,63],{"class":62},[52,35676,3063],{"class":66},[52,35678,71],{"class":70},[52,35680,75],{"class":74},[52,35682,71],{"class":70},[52,35684,80],{"class":66},[52,35686,83],{"class":70},[52,35688,86],{"class":74},[52,35690,71],{"class":70},[52,35692,80],{"class":66},[52,35694,83],{"class":70},[52,35696,32652],{"class":74},[52,35698,71],{"class":70},[52,35700,3076],{"class":66},[52,35702,35703],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35704,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,35706,35707,35709,35711,35713,35716,35718,35720,35722,35724],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35708,5405],{"class":731},[52,35710,35254],{"class":58},[52,35712,80],{"class":66},[52,35714,35715],{"class":58}," fruit ",[52,35717,3326],{"class":731},[52,35719,35264],{"class":134},[52,35721,138],{"class":66},[52,35723,426],{"class":117},[52,35725,7789],{"class":66},[52,35727,35728,35730,35732,35734,35736,35739],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35729,757],{"class":134},[52,35731,138],{"class":66},[52,35733,35279],{"class":117},[52,35735,80],{"class":66},[52,35737,35738],{"class":117}," fruit",[52,35740,144],{"class":66},[20,35742,35743],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[43,35745,35747],{"className":45,"code":35746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35748,35749,35769,35773,35791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35750,35751,35753,35755,35757,35759,35761,35763,35765,35767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35752,940],{"class":58},[52,35754,63],{"class":62},[52,35756,3063],{"class":66},[52,35758,1770],{"class":947},[52,35760,80],{"class":66},[52,35762,7237],{"class":947},[52,35764,80],{"class":66},[52,35766,7242],{"class":947},[52,35768,3076],{"class":66},[52,35770,35771],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35772,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,35774,35775,35777,35779,35781,35783,35785,35787,35789],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35776,1668],{"class":58},[52,35778,63],{"class":62},[52,35780,22000],{"class":600},[52,35782,138],{"class":66},[52,35784,35476],{"class":134},[52,35786,138],{"class":66},[52,35788,1037],{"class":117},[52,35790,1222],{"class":66},[52,35792,35793,35795,35797,35799],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35794,135],{"class":134},[52,35796,138],{"class":66},[52,35798,1703],{"class":117},[52,35800,144],{"class":66},[20,35802,1509],{},[43,35804,35806],{"className":45,"code":35805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35807,35808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35809,35810,35812,35814,35816,35818,35820,35822,35824,35826,35828,35830,35832,35834,35836,35838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35811,21180],{"class":66},[52,35813,1558],{"class":947},[52,35815,80],{"class":66},[52,35817,5451],{"class":947},[52,35819,8681],{"class":66},[52,35821,8684],{"class":66},[52,35823,948],{"class":947},[52,35825,80],{"class":66},[52,35827,7237],{"class":947},[52,35829,8681],{"class":66},[52,35831,8684],{"class":66},[52,35833,1047],{"class":947},[52,35835,80],{"class":66},[52,35837,7242],{"class":947},[52,35839,8697],{"class":66},[20,35841,35842,35843,35845],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35844,35182],{}," produces.",[38,35847,894,35849],{"id":35848},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35850,35182],{},[20,35852,799,35853,35855],{},[15,35854,35182],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35857,35858],{},"Common cases:",[163,35860,35861,35864,35867,35870],{},[166,35862,35863],{},"printing numbered output",[166,35865,35866],{},"building menus",[166,35868,35869],{},"showing positions in a list",[166,35871,35872],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35874,267],{},[43,35876,35878],{"className":45,"code":35877,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35879,35880,35915,35919,35949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35881,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890,35893,35895,35897,35899,35902,35904,35906,35908,35911,35913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35883,29328],{"class":58},[52,35885,63],{"class":62},[52,35887,3063],{"class":66},[52,35889,71],{"class":70},[52,35891,35892],{"class":74},"Wash dishes",[52,35894,71],{"class":70},[52,35896,80],{"class":66},[52,35898,83],{"class":70},[52,35900,35901],{"class":74},"Study Python",[52,35903,71],{"class":70},[52,35905,80],{"class":66},[52,35907,83],{"class":70},[52,35909,35910],{"class":74},"Go for a walk",[52,35912,71],{"class":70},[52,35914,3076],{"class":66},[52,35916,35917],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,35918,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,35920,35921,35923,35925,35927,35930,35932,35934,35936,35939,35941,35943,35945,35947],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,35922,5405],{"class":731},[52,35924,1635],{"class":58},[52,35926,80],{"class":66},[52,35928,35929],{"class":58}," task ",[52,35931,3326],{"class":731},[52,35933,35264],{"class":134},[52,35935,138],{"class":66},[52,35937,35938],{"class":117},"tasks",[52,35940,80],{"class":66},[52,35942,35485],{"class":8623},[52,35944,63],{"class":62},[52,35946,948],{"class":947},[52,35948,7789],{"class":66},[52,35950,35951,35953,35955,35957,35959,35961,35963,35965,35967,35969,35972,35974,35976],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,35952,757],{"class":134},[52,35954,138],{"class":66},[52,35956,21734],{"class":1503},[52,35958,71],{"class":74},[52,35960,8726],{"class":947},[52,35962,1678],{"class":117},[52,35964,21743],{"class":947},[52,35966,27752],{"class":74},[52,35968,8726],{"class":947},[52,35970,35971],{"class":117},"task",[52,35973,21743],{"class":947},[52,35975,71],{"class":74},[52,35977,144],{"class":66},[20,35979,1509],{},[43,35981,35983],{"className":45,"code":35982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35984,35985,35997,36009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35986,35987,35989,35991,35994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35988,948],{"class":947},[52,35990,114],{"class":66},[52,35992,35993],{"class":24190}," Wash",[52,35995,35996],{"class":58}," dishes\n",[52,35998,35999,36001,36003,36006],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36000,1047],{"class":947},[52,36002,114],{"class":66},[52,36004,36005],{"class":24190}," Study",[52,36007,36008],{"class":58}," Python\n",[52,36010,36011,36013,36015,36018,36020],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36012,1500],{"class":947},[52,36014,114],{"class":66},[52,36016,36017],{"class":24190}," Go",[52,36019,3320],{"class":731},[52,36021,36022],{"class":58}," a walk\n",[20,36024,36025,36026,36028,36029,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36027,35182],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36030,36031],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36033,36034,36035,114],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[221,36036,36038,36039,36041],{"href":36037},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36040,35182],{}," in Python",[38,36043,36045,36046,36048],{"id":36044},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36047,35506],{}," argument",[20,36050,36051,36052,36054],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36053,35506],{}," argument.",[20,36056,36057,36058,1326,36060,202],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36059,948],{},[15,36061,1558],{},[43,36063,36065],{"className":45,"code":36064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36066,36067,36099,36103,36131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36068,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077,36079,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095,36097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36070,277],{"class":58},[52,36072,63],{"class":62},[52,36074,3063],{"class":66},[52,36076,71],{"class":70},[52,36078,286],{"class":74},[52,36080,71],{"class":70},[52,36082,80],{"class":66},[52,36084,83],{"class":70},[52,36086,304],{"class":74},[52,36088,71],{"class":70},[52,36090,80],{"class":66},[52,36092,83],{"class":70},[52,36094,295],{"class":74},[52,36096,71],{"class":70},[52,36098,3076],{"class":66},[52,36100,36101],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36102,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,36104,36105,36107,36109,36111,36113,36115,36117,36119,36121,36123,36125,36127,36129],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36106,5405],{"class":731},[52,36108,35254],{"class":58},[52,36110,80],{"class":66},[52,36112,35259],{"class":58},[52,36114,3326],{"class":731},[52,36116,35264],{"class":134},[52,36118,138],{"class":66},[52,36120,348],{"class":117},[52,36122,80],{"class":66},[52,36124,35485],{"class":8623},[52,36126,63],{"class":62},[52,36128,948],{"class":947},[52,36130,7789],{"class":66},[52,36132,36133,36135,36137,36139,36141,36143],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36134,757],{"class":134},[52,36136,138],{"class":66},[52,36138,35279],{"class":117},[52,36140,80],{"class":66},[52,36142,35284],{"class":117},[52,36144,144],{"class":66},[20,36146,1509],{},[43,36148,36150],{"className":45,"code":36149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36151,36152,36158,36164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36153,36154,36156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36155,948],{"class":947},[52,36157,35300],{"class":58},[52,36159,36160,36162],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36161,1047],{"class":947},[52,36163,35307],{"class":58},[52,36165,36166,36168],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36167,1500],{"class":947},[52,36169,35314],{"class":58},[20,36171,36172],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36174,36175],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[38,36177,24798],{"id":24797},[20,36179,24801,36180,114],{},[15,36181,35182],{},[699,36183,36185],{"id":36184},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36187,36188],{},"In this loop:",[43,36190,36192],{"className":45,"code":36191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36193,36194,36214,36218,36238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36195,36196,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36197,940],{"class":58},[52,36199,63],{"class":62},[52,36201,3063],{"class":66},[52,36203,1770],{"class":947},[52,36205,80],{"class":66},[52,36207,7237],{"class":947},[52,36209,80],{"class":66},[52,36211,7242],{"class":947},[52,36213,3076],{"class":66},[52,36215,36216],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36217,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,36219,36220,36222,36224,36226,36228,36230,36232,36234,36236],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36221,5405],{"class":731},[52,36223,35254],{"class":58},[52,36225,80],{"class":66},[52,36227,21024],{"class":58},[52,36229,3326],{"class":731},[52,36231,35264],{"class":134},[52,36233,138],{"class":66},[52,36235,1037],{"class":117},[52,36237,7789],{"class":66},[52,36239,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36241,757],{"class":134},[52,36243,138],{"class":66},[52,36245,35279],{"class":117},[52,36247,80],{"class":66},[52,36249,7880],{"class":117},[52,36251,144],{"class":66},[163,36253,36254,36264],{},[166,36255,36256,4227,36258,1627,36260,1627,36262],{},[15,36257,35279],{},[15,36259,1558],{},[15,36261,948],{},[15,36263,1047],{},[166,36265,36266,4227,36268,1627,36270,1627,36272],{},[15,36267,985],{},[15,36269,1770],{},[15,36271,15193],{},[15,36273,36274],{},"30",[20,36276,36277],{},"These are different things.",[699,36279,36281],{"id":36280},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36283,36284,36285,36287],{},"Each item from ",[15,36286,35182],{}," is a pair.",[20,36289,6134],{},[43,36291,36293],{"className":45,"code":36292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36294,36295,36319,36323,36343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36296,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307,36309,36311,36313,36315,36317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36298,59],{"class":58},[52,36300,63],{"class":62},[52,36302,3063],{"class":66},[52,36304,71],{"class":70},[52,36306,1611],{"class":74},[52,36308,71],{"class":70},[52,36310,80],{"class":66},[52,36312,83],{"class":70},[52,36314,11188],{"class":74},[52,36316,71],{"class":70},[52,36318,3076],{"class":66},[52,36320,36321],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36322,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,36324,36325,36327,36329,36331,36333,36335,36337,36339,36341],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36326,5405],{"class":731},[52,36328,35563],{"class":58},[52,36330,80],{"class":66},[52,36332,5408],{"class":58},[52,36334,3326],{"class":731},[52,36336,35264],{"class":134},[52,36338,138],{"class":66},[52,36340,154],{"class":117},[52,36342,7789],{"class":66},[52,36344,36345,36347,36349,36351,36353,36355],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36346,757],{"class":134},[52,36348,138],{"class":66},[52,36350,35588],{"class":117},[52,36352,80],{"class":66},[52,36354,28942],{"class":117},[52,36356,144],{"class":66},[20,36358,36359],{},"But this causes an error:",[43,36361,36363],{"className":45,"code":36362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36364,36365,36389,36393,36418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36366,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36368,59],{"class":58},[52,36370,63],{"class":62},[52,36372,3063],{"class":66},[52,36374,71],{"class":70},[52,36376,1611],{"class":74},[52,36378,71],{"class":70},[52,36380,80],{"class":66},[52,36382,83],{"class":70},[52,36384,11188],{"class":74},[52,36386,71],{"class":70},[52,36388,3076],{"class":66},[52,36390,36391],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36392,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,36394,36395,36397,36399,36401,36403,36405,36408,36410,36412,36414,36416],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36396,5405],{"class":731},[52,36398,35563],{"class":58},[52,36400,80],{"class":66},[52,36402,28942],{"class":58},[52,36404,80],{"class":66},[52,36406,36407],{"class":58}," extra ",[52,36409,3326],{"class":731},[52,36411,35264],{"class":134},[52,36413,138],{"class":66},[52,36415,154],{"class":117},[52,36417,7789],{"class":66},[52,36419,36420,36422,36424,36426,36428,36430,36432,36435],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36421,757],{"class":134},[52,36423,138],{"class":66},[52,36425,35588],{"class":117},[52,36427,80],{"class":66},[52,36429,28942],{"class":117},[52,36431,80],{"class":66},[52,36433,36434],{"class":117}," extra",[52,36436,144],{"class":66},[20,36438,28496,36439,36441],{},[15,36440,35182],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[699,36443,36445,36447],{"id":36444},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36446,35182],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36449,36450],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36452,36453],{},"Example with a string:",[43,36455,36457],{"className":45,"code":36456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36458,36459,36484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36460,36461,36463,36465,36467,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36462,5405],{"class":731},[52,36464,35254],{"class":58},[52,36466,80],{"class":66},[52,36468,36469],{"class":58}," char ",[52,36471,3326],{"class":731},[52,36473,35264],{"class":134},[52,36475,138],{"class":66},[52,36477,71],{"class":70},[52,36479,488],{"class":74},[52,36481,71],{"class":70},[52,36483,7789],{"class":66},[52,36485,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36497],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36487,757],{"class":134},[52,36489,138],{"class":66},[52,36491,35279],{"class":117},[52,36493,80],{"class":66},[52,36495,36496],{"class":117}," char",[52,36498,144],{"class":66},[20,36500,1509],{},[43,36502,36504],{"className":45,"code":36503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36505,36506,36512,36518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36507,36508,36510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36509,1558],{"class":947},[52,36511,35623],{"class":58},[52,36513,36514,36516],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36515,948],{"class":947},[52,36517,35609],{"class":58},[52,36519,36520,36522],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36521,1047],{"class":947},[52,36523,36524],{"class":58}," t\n",[20,36526,36527,36528,114],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[221,36529,4580],{"href":5033},[699,36531,36533],{"id":36532},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36535,36536,36537,114],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36538,35182],{},[20,36540,36541,36542,36544],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36543,5405],{}," loop:",[43,36546,36548],{"className":45,"code":36547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36549,36550,36582,36586,36598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36551,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36570,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36553,277],{"class":58},[52,36555,63],{"class":62},[52,36557,3063],{"class":66},[52,36559,71],{"class":70},[52,36561,286],{"class":74},[52,36563,71],{"class":70},[52,36565,80],{"class":66},[52,36567,83],{"class":70},[52,36569,304],{"class":74},[52,36571,71],{"class":70},[52,36573,80],{"class":66},[52,36575,83],{"class":70},[52,36577,295],{"class":74},[52,36579,71],{"class":70},[52,36581,3076],{"class":66},[52,36583,36584],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36585,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,36587,36588,36590,36592,36594,36596],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36589,5405],{"class":731},[52,36591,35259],{"class":58},[52,36593,3326],{"class":731},[52,36595,318],{"class":58},[52,36597,737],{"class":66},[52,36599,36600,36602,36604,36606],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36601,757],{"class":134},[52,36603,138],{"class":66},[52,36605,32322],{"class":117},[52,36607,144],{"class":66},[20,36609,36610],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[38,36612,1158],{"id":1157},[20,36614,36615],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[163,36617,36618,36623,36629,36634],{},[166,36619,22541,36620,36622],{},[15,36621,35182],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[166,36624,36625,36626,36628],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36627,1558],{}," by default",[166,36630,1185,36631,36633],{},[15,36632,35182],{}," when only values are needed",[166,36635,36636,36637,8151,36639],{},"Confusing ",[15,36638,35182],{},[15,36640,35632],{},[20,36642,36643],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[43,36645,36647],{"className":45,"code":36646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36648,36649,36671,36698,36732,36765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36650,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663,36665,36667,36669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36652,135],{"class":134},[52,36654,138],{"class":66},[52,36656,35476],{"class":134},[52,36658,2424],{"class":66},[52,36660,1770],{"class":947},[52,36662,80],{"class":66},[52,36664,7237],{"class":947},[52,36666,80],{"class":66},[52,36668,7242],{"class":947},[52,36670,2437],{"class":66},[52,36672,36673,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36674,135],{"class":134},[52,36676,138],{"class":66},[52,36678,7540],{"class":600},[52,36680,138],{"class":66},[52,36682,35476],{"class":134},[52,36684,2424],{"class":66},[52,36686,1770],{"class":947},[52,36688,80],{"class":66},[52,36690,7237],{"class":947},[52,36692,80],{"class":66},[52,36694,7242],{"class":947},[52,36696,36697],{"class":66},"])))\n",[52,36699,36700,36702,36704,36706,36708,36710,36712,36714,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36701,135],{"class":134},[52,36703,138],{"class":66},[52,36705,7540],{"class":600},[52,36707,138],{"class":66},[52,36709,35476],{"class":134},[52,36711,2424],{"class":66},[52,36713,1770],{"class":947},[52,36715,80],{"class":66},[52,36717,7237],{"class":947},[52,36719,80],{"class":66},[52,36721,7242],{"class":947},[52,36723,17501],{"class":66},[52,36725,35485],{"class":8623},[52,36727,63],{"class":62},[52,36729,948],{"class":947},[52,36731,2350],{"class":66},[52,36733,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760,36762],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36735,5405],{"class":731},[52,36737,35563],{"class":58},[52,36739,80],{"class":66},[52,36741,21024],{"class":58},[52,36743,3326],{"class":731},[52,36745,35264],{"class":134},[52,36747,2424],{"class":66},[52,36749,608],{"class":70},[52,36751,221],{"class":74},[52,36753,608],{"class":70},[52,36755,80],{"class":66},[52,36757,617],{"class":70},[52,36759,4204],{"class":74},[52,36761,608],{"class":70},[52,36763,36764],{"class":66},"]):\n",[52,36766,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,36768,757],{"class":134},[52,36770,138],{"class":66},[52,36772,35588],{"class":117},[52,36774,80],{"class":66},[52,36776,7880],{"class":117},[52,36778,144],{"class":66},[20,36780,16398],{},[43,36782,36784],{"className":45,"code":36783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36785,36786,36806,36838,36870,36876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36787,36788,36790,36792,36794,36797,36801,36804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36789,2729],{"class":62},[52,36791,35476],{"class":134},[52,36793,24057],{"class":600},[52,36795,36796],{"class":58}," at ",[52,36798,36800],{"class":36799},"srjyR","0x",[52,36802,36803],{"class":33885},"...",[52,36805,2741],{"class":62},[52,36807,36808,36810,36812,36814,36816,36818,36820,36822,36824,36826,36828,36830,36832,36834,36836],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,36809,21180],{"class":66},[52,36811,1558],{"class":947},[52,36813,80],{"class":66},[52,36815,5451],{"class":947},[52,36817,8681],{"class":66},[52,36819,8684],{"class":66},[52,36821,948],{"class":947},[52,36823,80],{"class":66},[52,36825,7237],{"class":947},[52,36827,8681],{"class":66},[52,36829,8684],{"class":66},[52,36831,1047],{"class":947},[52,36833,80],{"class":66},[52,36835,7242],{"class":947},[52,36837,8697],{"class":66},[52,36839,36840,36842,36844,36846,36848,36850,36852,36854,36856,36858,36860,36862,36864,36866,36868],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,36841,21180],{"class":66},[52,36843,948],{"class":947},[52,36845,80],{"class":66},[52,36847,5451],{"class":947},[52,36849,8681],{"class":66},[52,36851,8684],{"class":66},[52,36853,1047],{"class":947},[52,36855,80],{"class":66},[52,36857,7237],{"class":947},[52,36859,8681],{"class":66},[52,36861,8684],{"class":66},[52,36863,1500],{"class":947},[52,36865,80],{"class":66},[52,36867,7242],{"class":947},[52,36869,8697],{"class":66},[52,36871,36872,36874],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,36873,1558],{"class":947},[52,36875,35609],{"class":58},[52,36877,36878,36880],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,36879,948],{"class":947},[52,36881,35616],{"class":58},[38,36883,1273],{"id":1272},[699,36885,4586,36887,4589],{"id":36886},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36888,35182],{},[20,36890,36891],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[699,36893,1277,36895,36897],{"id":36894},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36896,35182],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36899,36900,36901,36903,36904,36907],{},"It starts at ",[15,36902,1558],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36905,36906],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[699,36909,20860,36911,1326,36913,1293],{"id":36910},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36912,35182],{},[15,36914,36915],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36917,36025,36918,36920],{},[15,36919,35182],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[699,36922,4614,36924,36926],{"id":36923},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36925,35182],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36928,36929,36930,36932],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36931,35182],{}," can return each character with its index.",[38,36934,1332],{"id":1331},[163,36936,36937,36941,36947,36954],{},[166,36938,36939],{},[221,36940,35462],{"href":35461},[166,36942,36943],{},[221,36944,3015,36945,2948],{"href":35629},[15,36946,35632],{},[166,36948,36949],{},[221,36950,36951,36952,36041],{"href":36037},"How to use ",[15,36953,35182],{},[166,36955,36956],{},[221,36957,4661],{"href":5033},[1364,36959,36960],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":36962},[36963,36964,36966,36967,36969,36971,36973,36980,36981,36991],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":35322,"depth":103,"text":36965},"What enumerate() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":35635,"depth":103,"text":36968},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35848,"depth":103,"text":36970},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36044,"depth":103,"text":36972},"Using the start argument",{"id":24797,"depth":103,"text":24798,"children":36974},[36975,36976,36977,36979],{"id":36184,"depth":124,"text":36185},{"id":36280,"depth":124,"text":36281},{"id":36444,"depth":124,"text":36978},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36532,"depth":124,"text":36533},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":36982},[36983,36985,36987,36989],{"id":36886,"depth":124,"text":36984},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36894,"depth":124,"text":36986},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36910,"depth":124,"text":36988},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36923,"depth":124,"text":36990},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35174,"description":36992},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36999,"title":37000,"body":37001,"description":39516,"extension":1401,"meta":39517,"navigation":127,"path":39518,"seo":39519,"stem":39520,"__hash__":39521},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37002,"toc":39473},[37003,37009,37014,37017,37025,37039,37041,37132,37140,37145,37150,37152,37168,37170,37249,37251,37268,37274,37278,37280,37301,37305,37308,37320,37324,37327,37330,37347,37350,37426,37428,37445,37450,37454,37462,37465,37480,37482,37571,37573,37618,37621,37625,37628,37707,37709,37731,37734,37741,37746,37749,37852,37854,37879,37882,37889,37895,37900,37903,37914,38020,38022,38043,38051,38058,38064,38083,38088,38091,38110,38112,38197,38199,38228,38231,38236,38241,38244,38255,38257,38346,38348,38368,38374,38480,38482,38502,38505,38589,38591,38611,38618,38620,38624,38630,38633,38690,38693,38696,38757,38766,38769,38772,38800,38803,38863,38865,38882,38886,38889,38967,38969,38989,38992,39067,39071,39074,39076,39085,39089,39091,39142,39150,39162,39167,39228,39230,39247,39251,39314,39316,39341,39349,39351,39357,39363,39370,39378,39384,39387,39394,39404,39410,39416,39419,39436,39442,39444,39470],[10,37004,3015,37006,3019],{"id":37005},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37007,37008],{},"filter()",[20,37010,37011,37013],{},[15,37012,37008],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37015,37016],{},"It takes:",[163,37018,37019,37022],{},[166,37020,37021],{},"a function that checks each item",[166,37023,37024],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37026,37027,37028,37031,37032,37035,37036,37038],{},"The result is ",[30,37029,37030],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37033,37034],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37037,24221],{}," to see the values.",[38,37040,41],{"id":40},[43,37042,37044],{"className":45,"code":37043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37045,37046,37079,37115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37047,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072,37074,37077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37049,940],{"class":58},[52,37051,63],{"class":62},[52,37053,3063],{"class":66},[52,37055,948],{"class":947},[52,37057,80],{"class":66},[52,37059,953],{"class":947},[52,37061,80],{"class":66},[52,37063,958],{"class":947},[52,37065,80],{"class":66},[52,37067,1896],{"class":947},[52,37069,80],{"class":66},[52,37071,4048],{"class":947},[52,37073,80],{"class":66},[52,37075,37076],{"class":947}," 6",[52,37078,3076],{"class":66},[52,37080,37081,37083,37085,37088,37090,37093,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37082,1668],{"class":58},[52,37084,63],{"class":62},[52,37086,37087],{"class":134}," filter",[52,37089,138],{"class":66},[52,37091,37092],{"class":1503},"lambda",[52,37094,37096],{"class":37095},"sFwrP"," x",[52,37098,202],{"class":66},[52,37100,3323],{"class":117},[52,37102,5849],{"class":62},[52,37104,953],{"class":947},[52,37106,5854],{"class":62},[52,37108,3276],{"class":947},[52,37110,80],{"class":66},[52,37112,970],{"class":117},[52,37114,144],{"class":66},[52,37116,37117,37119,37121,37123,37125,37127,37129],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37118,135],{"class":134},[52,37120,138],{"class":66},[52,37122,7540],{"class":600},[52,37124,138],{"class":66},[52,37126,1703],{"class":117},[52,37128,4807],{"class":66},[52,37130,37131],{"class":3105},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37133,37134,37136,37137,37139],{},[15,37135,37008],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37138,24221],{}," to see the results.",[38,37141,194,37143,197],{"id":37142},"what-filter-does",[15,37144,37008],{},[20,37146,37147,37149],{},[15,37148,37008],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37151,360],{},[163,37153,37154,37157,37163],{},[166,37155,37156],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[166,37158,37159,37160,37162],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37161,3044],{},", the item is kept",[166,37164,37159,37165,37167],{},[15,37166,3116],{},", the item is removed",[20,37169,267],{},[43,37171,37173],{"className":45,"code":37172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37174,37175,37203,37207,37235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37176,37177,37179,37181,37183,37185,37187,37189,37191,37193,37195,37197,37199,37201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37178,940],{"class":58},[52,37180,63],{"class":62},[52,37182,3063],{"class":66},[52,37184,948],{"class":947},[52,37186,80],{"class":66},[52,37188,953],{"class":947},[52,37190,80],{"class":66},[52,37192,958],{"class":947},[52,37194,80],{"class":66},[52,37196,1896],{"class":947},[52,37198,80],{"class":66},[52,37200,4048],{"class":947},[52,37202,3076],{"class":66},[52,37204,37205],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37206,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,37208,37209,37211,37213,37215,37217,37219,37221,37223,37225,37227,37229,37231,37233],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37210,1668],{"class":58},[52,37212,63],{"class":62},[52,37214,37087],{"class":134},[52,37216,138],{"class":66},[52,37218,37092],{"class":1503},[52,37220,37096],{"class":37095},[52,37222,202],{"class":66},[52,37224,3323],{"class":117},[52,37226,3695],{"class":62},[52,37228,958],{"class":947},[52,37230,80],{"class":66},[52,37232,970],{"class":117},[52,37234,144],{"class":66},[52,37236,37237,37239,37241,37243,37245,37247],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37238,135],{"class":134},[52,37240,138],{"class":66},[52,37242,7540],{"class":600},[52,37244,138],{"class":66},[52,37246,1703],{"class":117},[52,37248,1222],{"class":66},[20,37250,1509],{},[43,37252,37254],{"className":45,"code":37253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37255,37256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37257,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37259,3344],{"class":66},[52,37261,1943],{"class":947},[52,37263,80],{"class":66},[52,37265,4048],{"class":947},[52,37267,3076],{"class":66},[20,37269,37270,37271,37273],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37272,1500],{}," are kept.",[38,37275,37277],{"id":37276},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37279,1597],{},[43,37281,37283],{"className":45,"code":37282,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37284,37285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37286,37287,37289,37291,37294,37296,37299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37288,37034],{"class":134},[52,37290,138],{"class":66},[52,37292,37293],{"class":117},"function",[52,37295,80],{"class":66},[52,37297,37298],{"class":117}," iterable",[52,37300,144],{"class":66},[699,37302,37303],{"id":37293},[15,37304,37293],{},[20,37306,37307],{},"This is the test function.",[163,37309,37310,37313],{},[166,37311,37312],{},"It receives one item at a time",[166,37314,37315,37316,456,37318],{},"It should return ",[15,37317,3044],{},[15,37319,3116],{},[699,37321,37322],{"id":3162},[15,37323,3162],{},[20,37325,37326],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37328,37329],{},"It can be:",[163,37331,37332,37335,37338,37341,37344],{},[166,37333,37334],{},"a list",[166,37336,37337],{},"a tuple",[166,37339,37340],{},"a string",[166,37342,37343],{},"a set",[166,37345,37346],{},"another iterable object",[20,37348,37349],{},"Example with a tuple:",[43,37351,37353],{"className":45,"code":37352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37354,37355,37380,37384,37412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37356,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37358,940],{"class":58},[52,37360,63],{"class":62},[52,37362,8684],{"class":66},[52,37364,1770],{"class":947},[52,37366,80],{"class":66},[52,37368,37369],{"class":947}," 15",[52,37371,80],{"class":66},[52,37373,7237],{"class":947},[52,37375,80],{"class":66},[52,37377,8754],{"class":947},[52,37379,144],{"class":66},[52,37381,37382],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37383,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,37385,37386,37388,37390,37392,37394,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37387,1668],{"class":58},[52,37389,63],{"class":62},[52,37391,37087],{"class":134},[52,37393,138],{"class":66},[52,37395,37092],{"class":1503},[52,37397,37096],{"class":37095},[52,37399,202],{"class":66},[52,37401,3323],{"class":117},[52,37403,4542],{"class":62},[52,37405,7237],{"class":947},[52,37407,80],{"class":66},[52,37409,970],{"class":117},[52,37411,144],{"class":66},[52,37413,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37415,135],{"class":134},[52,37417,138],{"class":66},[52,37419,7540],{"class":600},[52,37421,138],{"class":66},[52,37423,1703],{"class":117},[52,37425,1222],{"class":66},[20,37427,1509],{},[43,37429,37431],{"className":45,"code":37430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37432,37433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37434,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37436,3344],{"class":66},[52,37438,15193],{"class":947},[52,37440,80],{"class":66},[52,37442,8754],{"class":947},[52,37444,3076],{"class":66},[20,37446,37447,37448,114],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[221,37449,4580],{"href":5033},[38,37451,37453],{"id":37452},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37455,37456,37457,21415,37459,114],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37458,37008],{},[30,37460,37461],{},"filter object",[20,37463,37464],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[163,37466,37467,37470,37475],{},[166,37468,37469],{},"loop through it",[166,37471,37472,37473],{},"convert it with ",[15,37474,24221],{},[166,37476,37472,37477],{},[15,37478,37479],{},"tuple()",[20,37481,267],{},[43,37483,37485],{"className":45,"code":37484,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37486,37487,37529,37533,37543,37557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37488,37489,37491,37493,37495,37497,37499,37501,37503,37505,37507,37509,37511,37513,37515,37517,37519,37521,37523,37525,37527],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37490,1668],{"class":58},[52,37492,63],{"class":62},[52,37494,37087],{"class":134},[52,37496,138],{"class":66},[52,37498,37092],{"class":1503},[52,37500,37096],{"class":37095},[52,37502,202],{"class":66},[52,37504,3323],{"class":117},[52,37506,3695],{"class":62},[52,37508,953],{"class":947},[52,37510,80],{"class":66},[52,37512,3063],{"class":66},[52,37514,948],{"class":947},[52,37516,80],{"class":66},[52,37518,953],{"class":947},[52,37520,80],{"class":66},[52,37522,958],{"class":947},[52,37524,80],{"class":66},[52,37526,1896],{"class":947},[52,37528,3332],{"class":66},[52,37530,37531],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37532,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,37534,37535,37537,37539,37541],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37536,135],{"class":134},[52,37538,138],{"class":66},[52,37540,1703],{"class":117},[52,37542,144],{"class":66},[52,37544,37545,37547,37549,37551,37553,37555],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37546,135],{"class":134},[52,37548,138],{"class":66},[52,37550,1231],{"class":600},[52,37552,138],{"class":66},[52,37554,1703],{"class":117},[52,37556,1222],{"class":66},[52,37558,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,37560,135],{"class":134},[52,37562,138],{"class":66},[52,37564,7540],{"class":600},[52,37566,138],{"class":66},[52,37568,1703],{"class":117},[52,37570,1222],{"class":66},[20,37572,1509],{},[43,37574,37576],{"className":45,"code":37575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37577,37578,37592,37606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37579,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37581,2729],{"class":62},[52,37583,37034],{"class":134},[52,37585,24057],{"class":600},[52,37587,36796],{"class":58},[52,37589,36803],{"class":33885},[52,37591,2741],{"class":62},[52,37593,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37595,2729],{"class":62},[52,37597,2732],{"class":1503},[52,37599,617],{"class":70},[52,37601,37034],{"class":74},[52,37603,608],{"class":70},[52,37605,2741],{"class":62},[52,37607,37608,37610,37612,37614,37616],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37609,3344],{"class":66},[52,37611,1500],{"class":947},[52,37613,80],{"class":66},[52,37615,1896],{"class":947},[52,37617,3076],{"class":66},[20,37619,37620],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[699,37622,37624],{"id":37623},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37626,37627],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[43,37629,37631],{"className":45,"code":37630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37632,37633,37675,37679,37693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37634,37635,37637,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647,37649,37651,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37636,1668],{"class":58},[52,37638,63],{"class":62},[52,37640,37087],{"class":134},[52,37642,138],{"class":66},[52,37644,37092],{"class":1503},[52,37646,37096],{"class":37095},[52,37648,202],{"class":66},[52,37650,3323],{"class":117},[52,37652,3695],{"class":62},[52,37654,953],{"class":947},[52,37656,80],{"class":66},[52,37658,3063],{"class":66},[52,37660,948],{"class":947},[52,37662,80],{"class":66},[52,37664,953],{"class":947},[52,37666,80],{"class":66},[52,37668,958],{"class":947},[52,37670,80],{"class":66},[52,37672,1896],{"class":947},[52,37674,3332],{"class":66},[52,37676,37677],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37678,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,37680,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37682,135],{"class":134},[52,37684,138],{"class":66},[52,37686,7540],{"class":600},[52,37688,138],{"class":66},[52,37690,1703],{"class":117},[52,37692,1222],{"class":66},[52,37694,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37696,135],{"class":134},[52,37698,138],{"class":66},[52,37700,7540],{"class":600},[52,37702,138],{"class":66},[52,37704,1703],{"class":117},[52,37706,1222],{"class":66},[20,37708,1509],{},[43,37710,37712],{"className":45,"code":37711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37713,37714,37726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37715,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37717,3344],{"class":66},[52,37719,1500],{"class":947},[52,37721,80],{"class":66},[52,37723,1896],{"class":947},[52,37725,3076],{"class":66},[52,37727,37728],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37729,37730],{"class":66},"[]\n",[20,37732,37733],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[38,37735,1185,37737,8151,37739],{"id":37736},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37738,37008],{},[15,37740,37092],{},[20,37742,14629,37743,37745],{},[15,37744,37092],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37747,37748],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[43,37750,37752],{"className":45,"code":37751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37753,37754,37796,37800,37838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37755,37756,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37775,37777,37779,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37792,37794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37757,3515],{"class":58},[52,37759,63],{"class":62},[52,37761,3063],{"class":66},[52,37763,71],{"class":70},[52,37765,75],{"class":74},[52,37767,71],{"class":70},[52,37769,80],{"class":66},[52,37771,83],{"class":70},[52,37773,37774],{"class":74},"kiwi",[52,37776,71],{"class":70},[52,37778,80],{"class":66},[52,37780,83],{"class":70},[52,37782,86],{"class":74},[52,37784,71],{"class":70},[52,37786,80],{"class":66},[52,37788,83],{"class":70},[52,37790,37791],{"class":74},"fig",[52,37793,71],{"class":70},[52,37795,3076],{"class":66},[52,37797,37798],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37799,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,37801,37802,37804,37806,37808,37810,37812,37815,37817,37820,37822,37825,37827,37830,37832,37834,37836],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37803,1668],{"class":58},[52,37805,63],{"class":62},[52,37807,37087],{"class":134},[52,37809,138],{"class":66},[52,37811,37092],{"class":1503},[52,37813,37814],{"class":37095}," word",[52,37816,202],{"class":66},[52,37818,37819],{"class":134}," len",[52,37821,138],{"class":66},[52,37823,37824],{"class":117},"word",[52,37826,3102],{"class":66},[52,37828,37829],{"class":62}," >",[52,37831,1896],{"class":947},[52,37833,80],{"class":66},[52,37835,5615],{"class":117},[52,37837,144],{"class":66},[52,37839,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37841,135],{"class":134},[52,37843,138],{"class":66},[52,37845,7540],{"class":600},[52,37847,138],{"class":66},[52,37849,1703],{"class":117},[52,37851,1222],{"class":66},[20,37853,1509],{},[43,37855,37857],{"className":45,"code":37856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37858,37859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37860,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37862,3344],{"class":66},[52,37864,608],{"class":70},[52,37866,75],{"class":74},[52,37868,608],{"class":70},[52,37870,80],{"class":66},[52,37872,617],{"class":70},[52,37874,86],{"class":74},[52,37876,608],{"class":70},[52,37878,3076],{"class":66},[20,37880,37881],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37883,37884,37885,114],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[221,37886,37888],{"href":37887},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[38,37890,1185,37892,37894],{"id":37891},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37893,37008],{}," with a named function",[20,37896,37897,37898,114],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37899,37092],{},[20,37901,37902],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[163,37904,37905,37908,37911],{},[166,37906,37907],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[166,37909,37910],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[166,37912,37913],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[43,37915,37917],{"className":45,"code":37916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37918,37919,37932,37947,37951,37983,38002,38006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37920,37921,37923,37926,37928,37930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37922,34283],{"class":1503},[52,37924,37925],{"class":34286}," is_even",[52,37927,138],{"class":66},[52,37929,1678],{"class":37095},[52,37931,7789],{"class":66},[52,37933,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,37935,34294],{"class":731},[52,37937,5833],{"class":58},[52,37939,5849],{"class":62},[52,37941,953],{"class":947},[52,37943,5854],{"class":62},[52,37945,37946],{"class":947}," 0\n",[52,37948,37949],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,37950,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,37952,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37969,37971,37973,37975,37977,37979,37981],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,37954,940],{"class":58},[52,37956,63],{"class":62},[52,37958,3063],{"class":66},[52,37960,948],{"class":947},[52,37962,80],{"class":66},[52,37964,953],{"class":947},[52,37966,80],{"class":66},[52,37968,958],{"class":947},[52,37970,80],{"class":66},[52,37972,1896],{"class":947},[52,37974,80],{"class":66},[52,37976,4048],{"class":947},[52,37978,80],{"class":66},[52,37980,37076],{"class":947},[52,37982,3076],{"class":66},[52,37984,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37996,37998,38000],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,37986,1668],{"class":58},[52,37988,63],{"class":62},[52,37990,37087],{"class":134},[52,37992,138],{"class":66},[52,37994,37995],{"class":117},"is_even",[52,37997,80],{"class":66},[52,37999,970],{"class":117},[52,38001,144],{"class":66},[52,38003,38004],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,38005,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38007,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38018],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,38009,135],{"class":134},[52,38011,138],{"class":66},[52,38013,7540],{"class":600},[52,38015,138],{"class":66},[52,38017,1703],{"class":117},[52,38019,1222],{"class":66},[20,38021,1509],{},[43,38023,38025],{"className":45,"code":38024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38026,38027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38028,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039,38041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38030,3344],{"class":66},[52,38032,1047],{"class":947},[52,38034,80],{"class":66},[52,38036,1896],{"class":947},[52,38038,80],{"class":66},[52,38040,37076],{"class":947},[52,38042,3076],{"class":66},[20,38044,20210,38045,1837,38048,38050],{},[15,38046,38047],{},"is_even()",[15,38049,3044],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[38,38052,1185,38054,8151,38056],{"id":38053},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38055,3220],{},[15,38057,37008],{},[20,38059,38060,38061,38063],{},"You can pass ",[15,38062,3220],{}," as the first argument:",[43,38065,38067],{"className":45,"code":38066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38068,38069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38070,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38072,37034],{"class":134},[52,38074,138],{"class":66},[52,38076,3220],{"class":3295},[52,38078,80],{"class":66},[52,38080,37298],{"class":117},[52,38082,144],{"class":66},[20,38084,38085,38086,6786],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38087,5043],{},[20,38089,38090],{},"Falsy values include:",[163,38092,38093,38097,38102,38106],{},[166,38094,38095],{},[15,38096,1558],{},[166,38098,38099,38101],{},[15,38100,3215],{}," (empty string)",[166,38103,38104],{},[15,38105,3220],{},[166,38107,38108],{},[15,38109,3116],{},[20,38111,267],{},[43,38113,38115],{"className":45,"code":38114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38116,38117,38161,38165,38183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38118,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143,38145,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38120,59],{"class":58},[52,38122,63],{"class":62},[52,38124,3063],{"class":66},[52,38126,1558],{"class":947},[52,38128,80],{"class":66},[52,38130,4944],{"class":947},[52,38132,80],{"class":66},[52,38134,5573],{"class":70},[52,38136,80],{"class":66},[52,38138,83],{"class":70},[52,38140,3288],{"class":74},[52,38142,71],{"class":70},[52,38144,80],{"class":66},[52,38146,3296],{"class":3295},[52,38148,80],{"class":66},[52,38150,3360],{"class":3295},[52,38152,80],{"class":66},[52,38154,3351],{"class":3295},[52,38156,80],{"class":66},[52,38158,4048],{"class":947},[52,38160,3076],{"class":66},[52,38162,38163],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38164,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38166,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,38168,1668],{"class":58},[52,38170,63],{"class":62},[52,38172,37087],{"class":134},[52,38174,138],{"class":66},[52,38176,3220],{"class":3295},[52,38178,80],{"class":66},[52,38180,111],{"class":117},[52,38182,144],{"class":66},[52,38184,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38186,135],{"class":134},[52,38188,138],{"class":66},[52,38190,7540],{"class":600},[52,38192,138],{"class":66},[52,38194,1703],{"class":117},[52,38196,1222],{"class":66},[20,38198,1509],{},[43,38200,38202],{"className":45,"code":38201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38203,38204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38205,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222,38224,38226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38207,3344],{"class":66},[52,38209,948],{"class":947},[52,38211,80],{"class":66},[52,38213,617],{"class":70},[52,38215,3288],{"class":74},[52,38217,608],{"class":70},[52,38219,80],{"class":66},[52,38221,3360],{"class":3295},[52,38223,80],{"class":66},[52,38225,4048],{"class":947},[52,38227,3076],{"class":66},[20,38229,38230],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[38,38232,894,38234],{"id":38233},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38235,37008],{},[20,38237,799,38238,38240],{},[15,38239,37008],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38242,38243],{},"It works well for:",[163,38245,38246,38249,38252],{},[166,38247,38248],{},"simple filtering rules",[166,38250,38251],{},"quick data cleaning",[166,38253,38254],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38256,267],{},[43,38258,38260],{"className":45,"code":38259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38261,38262,38294,38327,38331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38263,38264,38266,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286,38288,38290,38292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38265,940],{"class":58},[52,38267,63],{"class":62},[52,38269,3063],{"class":66},[52,38271,948],{"class":947},[52,38273,80],{"class":66},[52,38275,953],{"class":947},[52,38277,80],{"class":66},[52,38279,958],{"class":947},[52,38281,80],{"class":66},[52,38283,1896],{"class":947},[52,38285,80],{"class":66},[52,38287,4048],{"class":947},[52,38289,80],{"class":66},[52,38291,37076],{"class":947},[52,38293,3076],{"class":66},[52,38295,38296,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38297,38298],{"class":58},"evens ",[52,38300,63],{"class":62},[52,38302,37087],{"class":134},[52,38304,138],{"class":66},[52,38306,37092],{"class":1503},[52,38308,37096],{"class":37095},[52,38310,202],{"class":66},[52,38312,3323],{"class":117},[52,38314,5849],{"class":62},[52,38316,953],{"class":947},[52,38318,5854],{"class":62},[52,38320,3276],{"class":947},[52,38322,80],{"class":66},[52,38324,970],{"class":117},[52,38326,144],{"class":66},[52,38328,38329],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,38330,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38332,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38344],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38334,135],{"class":134},[52,38336,138],{"class":66},[52,38338,7540],{"class":600},[52,38340,138],{"class":66},[52,38342,38343],{"class":117},"evens",[52,38345,1222],{"class":66},[20,38347,1509],{},[43,38349,38350],{"className":45,"code":38024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,38351,38352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38353,38354,38356,38358,38360,38362,38364,38366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38355,3344],{"class":66},[52,38357,1047],{"class":947},[52,38359,80],{"class":66},[52,38361,1896],{"class":947},[52,38363,80],{"class":66},[52,38365,37076],{"class":947},[52,38367,3076],{"class":66},[20,38369,38370,38371,38373],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38372,5405],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[43,38375,38377],{"className":45,"code":38376,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38378,38379,38411,38419,38423,38435,38451,38466,38470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38380,38381,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403,38405,38407,38409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38382,940],{"class":58},[52,38384,63],{"class":62},[52,38386,3063],{"class":66},[52,38388,948],{"class":947},[52,38390,80],{"class":66},[52,38392,953],{"class":947},[52,38394,80],{"class":66},[52,38396,958],{"class":947},[52,38398,80],{"class":66},[52,38400,1896],{"class":947},[52,38402,80],{"class":66},[52,38404,4048],{"class":947},[52,38406,80],{"class":66},[52,38408,37076],{"class":947},[52,38410,3076],{"class":66},[52,38412,38413,38415,38417],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38414,38298],{"class":58},[52,38416,63],{"class":62},[52,38418,7285],{"class":66},[52,38420,38421],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,38422,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38424,38425,38427,38429,38431,38433],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38426,5405],{"class":731},[52,38428,5833],{"class":58},[52,38430,3326],{"class":731},[52,38432,970],{"class":58},[52,38434,737],{"class":66},[52,38436,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,38438,5844],{"class":731},[52,38440,5833],{"class":58},[52,38442,5849],{"class":62},[52,38444,953],{"class":947},[52,38446,5854],{"class":62},[52,38448,3276],{"class":947},[52,38450,737],{"class":66},[52,38452,38453,38456,38458,38460,38462,38464],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,38454,38455],{"class":58},"        evens",[52,38457,114],{"class":66},[52,38459,12992],{"class":117},[52,38461,138],{"class":66},[52,38463,1678],{"class":117},[52,38465,144],{"class":66},[52,38467,38468],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,38469,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38471,38472,38474,38476,38478],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,38473,135],{"class":134},[52,38475,138],{"class":66},[52,38477,38343],{"class":117},[52,38479,144],{"class":66},[20,38481,1509],{},[43,38483,38484],{"className":45,"code":38024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,38485,38486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38487,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38489,3344],{"class":66},[52,38491,1047],{"class":947},[52,38493,80],{"class":66},[52,38495,1896],{"class":947},[52,38497,80],{"class":66},[52,38499,37076],{"class":947},[52,38501,3076],{"class":66},[20,38503,38504],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[43,38506,38508],{"className":45,"code":38507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38509,38510,38542,38575,38579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38511,38512,38514,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528,38530,38532,38534,38536,38538,38540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38513,940],{"class":58},[52,38515,63],{"class":62},[52,38517,3063],{"class":66},[52,38519,948],{"class":947},[52,38521,80],{"class":66},[52,38523,953],{"class":947},[52,38525,80],{"class":66},[52,38527,958],{"class":947},[52,38529,80],{"class":66},[52,38531,1896],{"class":947},[52,38533,80],{"class":66},[52,38535,4048],{"class":947},[52,38537,80],{"class":66},[52,38539,37076],{"class":947},[52,38541,3076],{"class":66},[52,38543,38544,38546,38548,38550,38552,38554,38556,38558,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571,38573],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38545,38298],{"class":58},[52,38547,63],{"class":62},[52,38549,3063],{"class":66},[52,38551,1655],{"class":58},[52,38553,5405],{"class":731},[52,38555,5833],{"class":58},[52,38557,3326],{"class":731},[52,38559,38560],{"class":58}," numbers ",[52,38562,732],{"class":731},[52,38564,5833],{"class":58},[52,38566,5849],{"class":62},[52,38568,953],{"class":947},[52,38570,5854],{"class":62},[52,38572,3276],{"class":947},[52,38574,3076],{"class":66},[52,38576,38577],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,38578,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38580,38581,38583,38585,38587],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38582,135],{"class":134},[52,38584,138],{"class":66},[52,38586,38343],{"class":117},[52,38588,144],{"class":66},[20,38590,1509],{},[43,38592,38593],{"className":45,"code":38024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,38594,38595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38596,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38598,3344],{"class":66},[52,38600,1047],{"class":947},[52,38602,80],{"class":66},[52,38604,1896],{"class":947},[52,38606,80],{"class":66},[52,38608,37076],{"class":947},[52,38610,3076],{"class":66},[20,38612,38613,38614,114],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[221,38615,38617],{"href":38616},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[38,38619,1158],{"id":1157},[20,38621,14173,38622,114],{},[15,38623,37008],{},[699,38625,1174,38627,38629],{"id":38626},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38628,37008],{}," to return a list",[20,38631,38632],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[43,38634,38636],{"className":45,"code":38635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38637,38638,38680],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38639,38640,38642,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668,38670,38672,38674,38676,38678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38641,1668],{"class":58},[52,38643,63],{"class":62},[52,38645,37087],{"class":134},[52,38647,138],{"class":66},[52,38649,37092],{"class":1503},[52,38651,37096],{"class":37095},[52,38653,202],{"class":66},[52,38655,3323],{"class":117},[52,38657,3695],{"class":62},[52,38659,953],{"class":947},[52,38661,80],{"class":66},[52,38663,3063],{"class":66},[52,38665,948],{"class":947},[52,38667,80],{"class":66},[52,38669,953],{"class":947},[52,38671,80],{"class":66},[52,38673,958],{"class":947},[52,38675,80],{"class":66},[52,38677,1896],{"class":947},[52,38679,3332],{"class":66},[52,38681,38682,38684,38686,38688],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38683,135],{"class":134},[52,38685,138],{"class":66},[52,38687,1703],{"class":117},[52,38689,144],{"class":66},[20,38691,38692],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38694,38695],{},"Fix:",[43,38697,38699],{"className":45,"code":38698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38700,38701,38743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38702,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717,38719,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38737,38739,38741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38704,1668],{"class":58},[52,38706,63],{"class":62},[52,38708,37087],{"class":134},[52,38710,138],{"class":66},[52,38712,37092],{"class":1503},[52,38714,37096],{"class":37095},[52,38716,202],{"class":66},[52,38718,3323],{"class":117},[52,38720,3695],{"class":62},[52,38722,953],{"class":947},[52,38724,80],{"class":66},[52,38726,3063],{"class":66},[52,38728,948],{"class":947},[52,38730,80],{"class":66},[52,38732,953],{"class":947},[52,38734,80],{"class":66},[52,38736,958],{"class":947},[52,38738,80],{"class":66},[52,38740,1896],{"class":947},[52,38742,3332],{"class":66},[52,38744,38745,38747,38749,38751,38753,38755],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38746,135],{"class":134},[52,38748,138],{"class":66},[52,38750,7540],{"class":600},[52,38752,138],{"class":66},[52,38754,1703],{"class":117},[52,38756,1222],{"class":66},[699,38758,38760,38761,456,38763,38765],{"id":38759},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38762,3044],{},[15,38764,3116],{}," clearly",[20,38767,38768],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38770,38771],{},"Good example:",[43,38773,38775],{"className":45,"code":38774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38776,38777,38790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38778,38779,38781,38784,38786,38788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38780,34283],{"class":1503},[52,38782,38783],{"class":34286}," is_positive",[52,38785,138],{"class":66},[52,38787,1678],{"class":37095},[52,38789,7789],{"class":66},[52,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38793,34294],{"class":731},[52,38795,5833],{"class":58},[52,38797,3695],{"class":62},[52,38799,37946],{"class":947},[20,38801,38802],{},"Then use it with:",[43,38804,38806],{"className":45,"code":38805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38807,38808,38840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38809,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38811,940],{"class":58},[52,38813,63],{"class":62},[52,38815,3063],{"class":66},[52,38817,1460],{"class":62},[52,38819,1047],{"class":947},[52,38821,80],{"class":66},[52,38823,1660],{"class":62},[52,38825,948],{"class":947},[52,38827,80],{"class":66},[52,38829,3276],{"class":947},[52,38831,80],{"class":66},[52,38833,4944],{"class":947},[52,38835,80],{"class":66},[52,38837,953],{"class":947},[52,38839,3076],{"class":66},[52,38841,38842,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38857,38859,38861],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38843,135],{"class":134},[52,38845,138],{"class":66},[52,38847,7540],{"class":600},[52,38849,138],{"class":66},[52,38851,37034],{"class":134},[52,38853,138],{"class":66},[52,38855,38856],{"class":117},"is_positive",[52,38858,80],{"class":66},[52,38860,970],{"class":117},[52,38862,2350],{"class":66},[20,38864,1509],{},[43,38866,38868],{"className":45,"code":38867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38869,38870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38871,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38873,3344],{"class":66},[52,38875,948],{"class":947},[52,38877,80],{"class":66},[52,38879,953],{"class":947},[52,38881,3076],{"class":66},[699,38883,38885],{"id":38884},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38887,38888],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[43,38890,38891],{"className":45,"code":37630,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,38892,38893,38935,38939,38953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38894,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903,38905,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38896,1668],{"class":58},[52,38898,63],{"class":62},[52,38900,37087],{"class":134},[52,38902,138],{"class":66},[52,38904,37092],{"class":1503},[52,38906,37096],{"class":37095},[52,38908,202],{"class":66},[52,38910,3323],{"class":117},[52,38912,3695],{"class":62},[52,38914,953],{"class":947},[52,38916,80],{"class":66},[52,38918,3063],{"class":66},[52,38920,948],{"class":947},[52,38922,80],{"class":66},[52,38924,953],{"class":947},[52,38926,80],{"class":66},[52,38928,958],{"class":947},[52,38930,80],{"class":66},[52,38932,1896],{"class":947},[52,38934,3332],{"class":66},[52,38936,38937],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38938,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,38940,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,38942,135],{"class":134},[52,38944,138],{"class":66},[52,38946,7540],{"class":600},[52,38948,138],{"class":66},[52,38950,1703],{"class":117},[52,38952,1222],{"class":66},[52,38954,38955,38957,38959,38961,38963,38965],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,38956,135],{"class":134},[52,38958,138],{"class":66},[52,38960,7540],{"class":600},[52,38962,138],{"class":66},[52,38964,1703],{"class":117},[52,38966,1222],{"class":66},[20,38968,1509],{},[43,38970,38971],{"className":45,"code":37711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,38972,38973,38985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38974,38975,38977,38979,38981,38983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38976,3344],{"class":66},[52,38978,1500],{"class":947},[52,38980,80],{"class":66},[52,38982,1896],{"class":947},[52,38984,3076],{"class":66},[52,38986,38987],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,38988,37730],{"class":66},[20,38990,38991],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[43,38993,38995],{"className":45,"code":38994,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38996,38997,39043,39047,39057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38998,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39000,1668],{"class":58},[52,39002,63],{"class":62},[52,39004,22000],{"class":600},[52,39006,138],{"class":66},[52,39008,37034],{"class":134},[52,39010,138],{"class":66},[52,39012,37092],{"class":1503},[52,39014,37096],{"class":37095},[52,39016,202],{"class":66},[52,39018,3323],{"class":117},[52,39020,3695],{"class":62},[52,39022,953],{"class":947},[52,39024,80],{"class":66},[52,39026,3063],{"class":66},[52,39028,948],{"class":947},[52,39030,80],{"class":66},[52,39032,953],{"class":947},[52,39034,80],{"class":66},[52,39036,958],{"class":947},[52,39038,80],{"class":66},[52,39040,1896],{"class":947},[52,39042,2437],{"class":66},[52,39044,39045],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39046,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,39048,39049,39051,39053,39055],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,39050,135],{"class":134},[52,39052,138],{"class":66},[52,39054,1703],{"class":117},[52,39056,144],{"class":66},[52,39058,39059,39061,39063,39065],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,39060,135],{"class":134},[52,39062,138],{"class":66},[52,39064,1703],{"class":117},[52,39066,144],{"class":66},[699,39068,39070],{"id":39069},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39072,39073],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39075,16083],{},[43,39077,39079],{"className":45,"code":39078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39080,39081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39082,39083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39084,39078],{"class":3105},[20,39086,443,39087,5997],{},[15,39088,1770],{},[20,39090,16095],{},[43,39092,39094],{"className":45,"code":39093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39095,39096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39097,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110,39112,39114,39116,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128,39130,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39099,135],{"class":134},[52,39101,138],{"class":66},[52,39103,7540],{"class":600},[52,39105,138],{"class":66},[52,39107,37034],{"class":134},[52,39109,138],{"class":66},[52,39111,37092],{"class":1503},[52,39113,37096],{"class":37095},[52,39115,202],{"class":66},[52,39117,3323],{"class":117},[52,39119,3695],{"class":62},[52,39121,953],{"class":947},[52,39123,80],{"class":66},[52,39125,3063],{"class":66},[52,39127,948],{"class":947},[52,39129,80],{"class":66},[52,39131,953],{"class":947},[52,39133,80],{"class":66},[52,39135,958],{"class":947},[52,39137,80],{"class":66},[52,39139,1896],{"class":947},[52,39141,36697],{"class":66},[699,39143,36636,39145,8151,39147],{"id":39144},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39146,37008],{},[15,39148,39149],{},"map()",[163,39151,39152,39157],{},[166,39153,39154,39156],{},[15,39155,37008],{}," keeps or removes items",[166,39158,39159,39161],{},[15,39160,39149],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39163,39164,39165,202],{},"Example of ",[15,39166,37008],{},[43,39168,39170],{"className":45,"code":39169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39171,39172,39196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39173,39174,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39175,940],{"class":58},[52,39177,63],{"class":62},[52,39179,3063],{"class":66},[52,39181,948],{"class":947},[52,39183,80],{"class":66},[52,39185,953],{"class":947},[52,39187,80],{"class":66},[52,39189,958],{"class":947},[52,39191,80],{"class":66},[52,39193,1896],{"class":947},[52,39195,3076],{"class":66},[52,39197,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39226],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39199,135],{"class":134},[52,39201,138],{"class":66},[52,39203,7540],{"class":600},[52,39205,138],{"class":66},[52,39207,37034],{"class":134},[52,39209,138],{"class":66},[52,39211,37092],{"class":1503},[52,39213,37096],{"class":37095},[52,39215,202],{"class":66},[52,39217,3323],{"class":117},[52,39219,3695],{"class":62},[52,39221,953],{"class":947},[52,39223,80],{"class":66},[52,39225,970],{"class":117},[52,39227,2350],{"class":66},[20,39229,1509],{},[43,39231,39233],{"className":45,"code":39232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39234,39235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39236,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39238,3344],{"class":66},[52,39240,1500],{"class":947},[52,39242,80],{"class":66},[52,39244,1896],{"class":947},[52,39246,3076],{"class":66},[20,39248,39164,39249,202],{},[15,39250,39149],{},[43,39252,39254],{"className":45,"code":39253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39255,39256,39280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39257,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268,39270,39272,39274,39276,39278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39259,940],{"class":58},[52,39261,63],{"class":62},[52,39263,3063],{"class":66},[52,39265,948],{"class":947},[52,39267,80],{"class":66},[52,39269,953],{"class":947},[52,39271,80],{"class":66},[52,39273,958],{"class":947},[52,39275,80],{"class":66},[52,39277,1896],{"class":947},[52,39279,3076],{"class":66},[52,39281,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303,39306,39308,39310,39312],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39283,135],{"class":134},[52,39285,138],{"class":66},[52,39287,7540],{"class":600},[52,39289,138],{"class":66},[52,39291,39292],{"class":134},"map",[52,39294,138],{"class":66},[52,39296,37092],{"class":1503},[52,39298,37096],{"class":37095},[52,39300,202],{"class":66},[52,39302,3323],{"class":117},[52,39304,39305],{"class":62},"*",[52,39307,953],{"class":947},[52,39309,80],{"class":66},[52,39311,970],{"class":117},[52,39313,2350],{"class":66},[20,39315,1509],{},[43,39317,39319],{"className":45,"code":39318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39320,39321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39322,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337,39339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39324,3344],{"class":66},[52,39326,1047],{"class":947},[52,39328,80],{"class":66},[52,39330,1896],{"class":947},[52,39332,80],{"class":66},[52,39334,37076],{"class":947},[52,39336,80],{"class":66},[52,39338,5806],{"class":947},[52,39340,3076],{"class":66},[20,39342,39343,39344,114],{},"For the related function, see ",[221,39345,3015,39347,2948],{"href":39346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39348,39149],{},[38,39350,1273],{"id":1272},[699,39352,1277,39354,39356],{"id":39353},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39355,37008],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39358,39359,39360,39362],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39361,24221],{}," if needed.",[699,39364,39366,39367,39369],{"id":39365},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39368,37008],{}," need to return?",[20,39371,37315,39372,39374,39375,39377],{},[15,39373,3044],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39376,3116],{}," to remove it.",[699,39379,27767,39381,39383],{"id":39380},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39382,37008],{}," without lambda?",[20,39385,39386],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[699,39388,4586,39390,39393],{"id":39389},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39391,39392],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39395,39396,39397,39399,39400,16512,39402,114],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39398,1558],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39401,3220],{},[15,39403,3116],{},[699,39405,20860,39407,39409],{"id":39406},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39408,37008],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39411,39412,39413,39415],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39414,5405],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39417,39418],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[163,39420,39421,39427,39433],{},[166,39422,39423,39424,39426],{},"use ",[15,39425,37008],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[166,39428,39429,39430,39432],{},"use a ",[15,39431,5405],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[166,39434,39435],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39437,39438,39439,114],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[221,39440,4576],{"href":39441},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[38,39443,1332],{"id":1331},[163,39445,39446,39451,39455,39460,39466],{},[166,39447,39448],{},[221,39449,39450],{"href":37887},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[166,39452,39453],{},[221,39454,4666],{"href":39441},[166,39456,39457],{},[221,39458,39459],{"href":38616},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[166,39461,39462],{},[221,39463,3015,39464,2948],{"href":39346},[15,39465,39149],{},[166,39467,39468],{},[221,39469,4661],{"href":5033},[1364,39471,39472],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":39474},[39475,39476,39478,39482,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39503,39515],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":37142,"depth":103,"text":39477},"What filter() does",{"id":37276,"depth":103,"text":37277,"children":39479},[39480,39481],{"id":37293,"depth":124,"text":37293},{"id":3162,"depth":124,"text":3162},{"id":37452,"depth":103,"text":37453,"children":39483},[39484],{"id":37623,"depth":124,"text":37624},{"id":37736,"depth":103,"text":39486},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37891,"depth":103,"text":39488},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38053,"depth":103,"text":39490},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38233,"depth":103,"text":39492},"When to use filter()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":39494},[39495,39497,39499,39500,39501],{"id":38626,"depth":124,"text":39496},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38759,"depth":124,"text":39498},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38884,"depth":124,"text":38885},{"id":39069,"depth":124,"text":39070},{"id":39144,"depth":124,"text":39502},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":39504},[39505,39507,39509,39511,39513],{"id":39353,"depth":124,"text":39506},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39365,"depth":124,"text":39508},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39380,"depth":124,"text":39510},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39389,"depth":124,"text":39512},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39406,"depth":124,"text":39514},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37000,"description":39516},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39523,"title":39524,"body":39525,"description":41678,"extension":1401,"meta":41679,"navigation":127,"path":41680,"seo":41681,"stem":41682,"__hash__":41683},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39526,"toc":41632},[39527,39530,39535,39541,39543,39595,39597,39616,39621,39625,39630,39633,39648,39651,39673,39675,39724,39726,39750,39752,39754,39769,39774,39782,39797,39799,39808,39811,39846,39850,39855,39859,39866,39901,39903,39919,39923,39926,39967,39969,39983,39987,39990,40014,40016,40025,40029,40032,40065,40067,40080,40084,40090,40109,40111,40119,40123,40128,40132,40138,40161,40163,40192,40195,40214,40218,40221,40248,40250,40284,40288,40291,40315,40319,40330,40332,40337,40343,40345,40429,40431,40473,40476,40480,40487,40496,40552,40559,40568,40573,40577,40648,40650,40659,40663,40666,40710,40712,40721,40725,40731,40781,40785,40790,40794,40818,40820,40829,40833,40857,40859,40870,40874,40898,40900,40909,40912,40929,40935,40939,40945,40948,40953,40956,40977,40979,41011,41014,41019,41021,41032,41034,41078,41082,41089,41141,41143,41152,41156,41159,41252,41255,41279,41283,41286,41378,41383,41387,41394,41399,41423,41425,41434,41439,41462,41464,41472,41479,41502,41510,41512,41525,41535,41537,41541,41548,41552,41561,41565,41572,41576,41580,41584,41597,41599,41629],[10,39528,39524],{"id":39529},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39531,8570,39532,39534],{},[15,39533,2322],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39536,39537,39538,39540],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39539,2322],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[38,39542,41],{"id":40},[43,39544,39546],{"className":45,"code":39545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39547,39548,39562,39581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39549,39550,39552,39554,39556,39558,39560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39551,135],{"class":134},[52,39553,138],{"class":66},[52,39555,1630],{"class":600},[52,39557,138],{"class":66},[52,39559,1131],{"class":947},[52,39561,1222],{"class":66},[52,39563,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39577,39579],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39565,135],{"class":134},[52,39567,138],{"class":66},[52,39569,1630],{"class":600},[52,39571,138],{"class":66},[52,39573,71],{"class":70},[52,39575,39576],{"class":74},"3.14",[52,39578,71],{"class":70},[52,39580,1222],{"class":66},[52,39582,39583,39585,39587,39589,39591,39593],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,39584,135],{"class":134},[52,39586,138],{"class":66},[52,39588,1630],{"class":600},[52,39590,138],{"class":66},[52,39592,3044],{"class":3295},[52,39594,1222],{"class":66},[20,39596,1509],{},[43,39598,39600],{"className":45,"code":39599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39601,39602,39606,39611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39603,39604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39605,1918],{"class":947},[52,39607,39608],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39609,39610],{"class":947},"3.14\n",[52,39612,39613],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,39614,39615],{"class":947},"1.0\n",[20,39617,799,39618,39620],{},[15,39619,2322],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[38,39622,39624],{"id":39623},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39626,39627,39629],{},[15,39628,2322],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39631,39632],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[163,39634,39635,39639,39643],{},[166,39636,39637],{},[15,39638,1930],{},[166,39640,39641],{},[15,39642,39576],{},[166,39644,39645],{},[15,39646,39647],{},"0.5",[20,39649,39650],{},"A few key points:",[163,39652,39653,39660,39663,39666],{},[166,39654,39655,39657,39658],{},[15,39656,2322],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39659,1630],{},[166,39661,39662],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[166,39664,39665],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[166,39667,39668,39669],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[221,39670,39671],{"href":7666},[15,39672,2396],{},[20,39674,267],{},[43,39676,39678],{"className":45,"code":39677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39679,39680,39700,39710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39681,39682,39684,39686,39689,39691,39693,39696,39698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39683,1655],{"class":58},[52,39685,63],{"class":62},[52,39687,39688],{"class":600}," float",[52,39690,138],{"class":66},[52,39692,71],{"class":70},[52,39694,39695],{"class":74},"2.75",[52,39697,71],{"class":70},[52,39699,144],{"class":66},[52,39701,39702,39704,39706,39708],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39703,135],{"class":134},[52,39705,138],{"class":66},[52,39707,1678],{"class":117},[52,39709,144],{"class":66},[52,39711,39712,39714,39716,39718,39720,39722],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,39713,135],{"class":134},[52,39715,138],{"class":66},[52,39717,1231],{"class":600},[52,39719,138],{"class":66},[52,39721,1678],{"class":117},[52,39723,1222],{"class":66},[20,39725,1509],{},[43,39727,39729],{"className":45,"code":39728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39730,39731,39736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39732,39733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39734,39735],{"class":947},"2.75\n",[52,39737,39738,39740,39742,39744,39746,39748],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39739,2729],{"class":62},[52,39741,2732],{"class":1503},[52,39743,617],{"class":70},[52,39745,1630],{"class":74},[52,39747,608],{"class":70},[52,39749,2741],{"class":62},[38,39751,228],{"id":227},[20,39753,6664],{},[43,39755,39757],{"className":45,"code":39756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"float(value)\n",[15,39758,39759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39760,39761,39763,39765,39767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39762,1630],{"class":600},[52,39764,138],{"class":66},[52,39766,985],{"class":117},[52,39768,144],{"class":66},[20,39770,39771,39772,114],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39773,2322],{},[20,39775,39776,39777,39779,39780,202],{},"If you call ",[15,39778,2322],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39781,3210],{},[43,39783,39785],{"className":45,"code":39784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float())\n",[15,39786,39787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39788,39789,39791,39793,39795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39790,135],{"class":134},[52,39792,138],{"class":66},[52,39794,1630],{"class":600},[52,39796,6640],{"class":66},[20,39798,1509],{},[43,39800,39802],{"className":45,"code":39801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0.0\n",[15,39803,39804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39805,39806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39807,39801],{"class":947},[20,39809,39810],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[43,39812,39814],{"className":45,"code":39813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39815,39816,39836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39817,39818,39821,39823,39825,39827,39829,39832,39834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39819,39820],{"class":58},"price ",[52,39822,63],{"class":62},[52,39824,39688],{"class":600},[52,39826,138],{"class":66},[52,39828,71],{"class":70},[52,39830,39831],{"class":74},"19.99",[52,39833,71],{"class":70},[52,39835,144],{"class":66},[52,39837,39838,39840,39842,39844],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39839,135],{"class":134},[52,39841,138],{"class":66},[52,39843,24590],{"class":117},[52,39845,144],{"class":66},[38,39847,39849],{"id":39848},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39851,39852,39854],{},[15,39853,2322],{}," can convert several common value types.",[699,39856,39858],{"id":39857},"integers","Integers",[20,39860,39861,39862,39865],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39863,39864],{},".0"," added:",[43,39867,39869],{"className":45,"code":39868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39870,39871,39885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39872,39873,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39874,135],{"class":134},[52,39876,138],{"class":66},[52,39878,1630],{"class":600},[52,39880,138],{"class":66},[52,39882,1131],{"class":947},[52,39884,1222],{"class":66},[52,39886,39887,39889,39891,39893,39895,39897,39899],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39888,135],{"class":134},[52,39890,138],{"class":66},[52,39892,1630],{"class":600},[52,39894,138],{"class":66},[52,39896,1460],{"class":62},[52,39898,1047],{"class":947},[52,39900,1222],{"class":66},[20,39902,1509],{},[43,39904,39906],{"className":45,"code":39905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39907,39908,39912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39909,39910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39911,1918],{"class":947},[52,39913,39914,39916],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39915,1460],{"class":62},[52,39917,39918],{"class":947},"2.0\n",[699,39920,39922],{"id":39921},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39924,39925],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[43,39927,39929],{"className":45,"code":39928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39930,39931,39949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39932,39933,39935,39937,39939,39941,39943,39945,39947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39934,135],{"class":134},[52,39936,138],{"class":66},[52,39938,1630],{"class":600},[52,39940,138],{"class":66},[52,39942,71],{"class":70},[52,39944,39576],{"class":74},[52,39946,71],{"class":70},[52,39948,1222],{"class":66},[52,39950,39951,39953,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39965],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39952,135],{"class":134},[52,39954,138],{"class":66},[52,39956,1630],{"class":600},[52,39958,138],{"class":66},[52,39960,71],{"class":70},[52,39962,1770],{"class":74},[52,39964,71],{"class":70},[52,39966,1222],{"class":66},[20,39968,1509],{},[43,39970,39972],{"className":45,"code":39971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39973,39974,39978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39975,39976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39977,39610],{"class":947},[52,39979,39980],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,39981,39982],{"class":947},"10.0\n",[699,39984,39986],{"id":39985},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39988,39989],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[43,39991,39993],{"className":45,"code":39992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39994,39995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39996,39997,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40010,40012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39998,135],{"class":134},[52,40000,138],{"class":66},[52,40002,1630],{"class":600},[52,40004,138],{"class":66},[52,40006,71],{"class":70},[52,40008,40009],{"class":74},"  8.5  ",[52,40011,71],{"class":70},[52,40013,1222],{"class":66},[20,40015,1509],{},[43,40017,40019],{"className":45,"code":40018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8.5\n",[15,40020,40021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40022,40023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40024,40018],{"class":947},[699,40026,40028],{"id":40027},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40030,40031],{},"Boolean values also work:",[43,40033,40035],{"className":45,"code":40034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40036,40037,40051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40038,40039,40041,40043,40045,40047,40049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40040,135],{"class":134},[52,40042,138],{"class":66},[52,40044,1630],{"class":600},[52,40046,138],{"class":66},[52,40048,3044],{"class":3295},[52,40050,1222],{"class":66},[52,40052,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061,40063],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40054,135],{"class":134},[52,40056,138],{"class":66},[52,40058,1630],{"class":600},[52,40060,138],{"class":66},[52,40062,3116],{"class":3295},[52,40064,1222],{"class":66},[20,40066,1509],{},[43,40068,40070],{"className":45,"code":40069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40071,40072,40076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40073,40074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40075,39615],{"class":947},[52,40077,40078],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40079,39801],{"class":947},[699,40081,40083],{"id":40082},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40085,40086,40087,40089],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40088,2322],{}," returns a float version of it:",[43,40091,40093],{"className":45,"code":40092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40094,40095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40096,40097,40099,40101,40103,40105,40107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40098,135],{"class":134},[52,40100,138],{"class":66},[52,40102,1630],{"class":600},[52,40104,138],{"class":66},[52,40106,1802],{"class":947},[52,40108,1222],{"class":66},[20,40110,1509],{},[43,40112,40113],{"className":45,"code":1826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,40114,40115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40116,40117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40118,1826],{"class":947},[38,40120,40122],{"id":40121},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40124,40125,40126,114],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40127,2322],{},[699,40129,40131],{"id":40130},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40133,40134,40135,202],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40136,40137],{},"ValueError",[43,40139,40141],{"className":45,"code":40140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40142,40143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40144,40145,40147,40149,40151,40153,40155,40157,40159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40146,135],{"class":134},[52,40148,138],{"class":66},[52,40150,1630],{"class":600},[52,40152,138],{"class":66},[52,40154,71],{"class":70},[52,40156,3288],{"class":74},[52,40158,71],{"class":70},[52,40160,1222],{"class":66},[20,40162,29115],{},[43,40164,40166],{"className":45,"code":40165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40167,40168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40169,40170,40172,40174,40177,40179,40182,40184,40186,40188,40190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40171,40137],{"class":600},[52,40173,202],{"class":66},[52,40175,40176],{"class":58}," could ",[52,40178,32],{"class":62},[52,40180,40181],{"class":58}," convert string to ",[52,40183,1630],{"class":600},[52,40185,202],{"class":66},[52,40187,617],{"class":70},[52,40189,3288],{"class":74},[52,40191,689],{"class":70},[20,40193,40194],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[43,40196,40198],{"className":45,"code":40197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40199,40200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40201,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40203,135],{"class":134},[52,40205,138],{"class":66},[52,40207,1630],{"class":600},[52,40209,138],{"class":66},[52,40211,5719],{"class":70},[52,40213,1222],{"class":66},[699,40215,40217],{"id":40216},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40219,40220],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[43,40222,40224],{"className":45,"code":40223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40225,40226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40227,40228,40230,40232,40234,40236,40238,40240,40242,40244,40246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40229,135],{"class":134},[52,40231,138],{"class":66},[52,40233,1630],{"class":600},[52,40235,2424],{"class":66},[52,40237,948],{"class":947},[52,40239,80],{"class":66},[52,40241,953],{"class":947},[52,40243,80],{"class":66},[52,40245,958],{"class":947},[52,40247,2437],{"class":66},[20,40249,29115],{},[43,40251,40253],{"className":45,"code":40252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40254,40255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40256,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40268,40271,40274,40276,40278,40280,40282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40258,2443],{"class":600},[52,40260,202],{"class":66},[52,40262,39688],{"class":600},[52,40264,6812],{"class":66},[52,40266,40267],{"class":58}," argument must be a string ",[52,40269,40270],{"class":62},"or",[52,40272,40273],{"class":58}," a real number",[52,40275,80],{"class":66},[52,40277,7546],{"class":62},[52,40279,617],{"class":70},[52,40281,7540],{"class":74},[52,40283,689],{"class":70},[699,40285,40287],{"id":40286},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40289,40290],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[43,40292,40294],{"className":45,"code":40293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40295,40296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40297,40298,40300,40302,40304,40306,40308,40311,40313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40299,135],{"class":134},[52,40301,138],{"class":66},[52,40303,1630],{"class":600},[52,40305,138],{"class":66},[52,40307,71],{"class":70},[52,40309,40310],{"class":74},"3,14",[52,40312,71],{"class":70},[52,40314,1222],{"class":66},[20,40316,2440,40317,114],{},[15,40318,40137],{},[20,40320,40321,40322,803,40326,114],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[221,40323,40325],{"href":40324},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[221,40327,40329],{"href":40328},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[38,40331,16859],{"id":16858},[20,40333,40334,40336],{},[15,40335,2322],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40338,40339,40340,40342],{},"It does ",[30,40341,32],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40344,267],{},[43,40346,40348],{"className":45,"code":40347,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40349,40350,40363,40377,40381,40391,40401,40415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40351,40352,40354,40356,40358,40361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40353,34120],{"class":58},[52,40355,63],{"class":62},[52,40357,83],{"class":70},[52,40359,40360],{"class":74},"6.5",[52,40362,2797],{"class":70},[52,40364,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373,40375],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40366,1655],{"class":58},[52,40368,63],{"class":62},[52,40370,39688],{"class":600},[52,40372,138],{"class":66},[52,40374,34141],{"class":117},[52,40376,144],{"class":66},[52,40378,40379],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,40380,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,40382,40383,40385,40387,40389],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40384,135],{"class":134},[52,40386,138],{"class":66},[52,40388,34141],{"class":117},[52,40390,144],{"class":66},[52,40392,40393,40395,40397,40399],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,40394,135],{"class":134},[52,40396,138],{"class":66},[52,40398,1678],{"class":117},[52,40400,144],{"class":66},[52,40402,40403,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,40404,135],{"class":134},[52,40406,138],{"class":66},[52,40408,1231],{"class":600},[52,40410,138],{"class":66},[52,40412,34141],{"class":117},[52,40414,1222],{"class":66},[52,40416,40417,40419,40421,40423,40425,40427],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,40418,135],{"class":134},[52,40420,138],{"class":66},[52,40422,1231],{"class":600},[52,40424,138],{"class":66},[52,40426,1678],{"class":117},[52,40428,1222],{"class":66},[20,40430,1509],{},[43,40432,40434],{"className":45,"code":40433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40435,40436,40441,40445,40459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40437,40438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40439,40440],{"class":947},"6.5\n",[52,40442,40443],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40444,40440],{"class":947},[52,40446,40447,40449,40451,40453,40455,40457],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,40448,2729],{"class":62},[52,40450,2732],{"class":1503},[52,40452,617],{"class":70},[52,40454,2882],{"class":74},[52,40456,608],{"class":70},[52,40458,2741],{"class":62},[52,40460,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40462,2729],{"class":62},[52,40464,2732],{"class":1503},[52,40466,617],{"class":70},[52,40468,1630],{"class":74},[52,40470,608],{"class":70},[52,40472,2741],{"class":62},[20,40474,40475],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[38,40477,40479],{"id":40478},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[699,40481,40483,40484,40486],{"id":40482},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40485,2396],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40488,1418,40489,40493,40494,114],{},[221,40490,40491,1742],{"href":7666},[15,40492,2396],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40495,2322],{},[43,40497,40499],{"className":45,"code":40498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40500,40501,40520,40534,40538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40502,40503,40505,40507,40509,40511,40513,40516,40518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40504,7684],{"class":58},[52,40506,63],{"class":62},[52,40508,7689],{"class":134},[52,40510,138],{"class":66},[52,40512,71],{"class":70},[52,40514,40515],{"class":74},"Enter a price: ",[52,40517,71],{"class":70},[52,40519,144],{"class":66},[52,40521,40522,40524,40526,40528,40530,40532],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40523,39820],{"class":58},[52,40525,63],{"class":62},[52,40527,39688],{"class":600},[52,40529,138],{"class":66},[52,40531,7713],{"class":117},[52,40533,144],{"class":66},[52,40535,40536],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,40537,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,40539,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548,40550],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40541,135],{"class":134},[52,40543,138],{"class":66},[52,40545,39820],{"class":117},[52,40547,39305],{"class":62},[52,40549,953],{"class":947},[52,40551,144],{"class":66},[20,40553,40554,40555,40558],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40556,40557],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[43,40560,40562],{"className":45,"code":40561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"9.0\n",[15,40563,40564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40565,40566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40567,40561],{"class":947},[20,40569,40570,40571,114],{},"For more help with this, see ",[221,40572,8428],{"href":8427},[699,40574,40576],{"id":40575},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[43,40578,40580],{"className":45,"code":40579,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40581,40582,40595,40608,40612,40637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40583,40584,40586,40588,40590,40593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40585,1993],{"class":58},[52,40587,63],{"class":62},[52,40589,83],{"class":70},[52,40591,40592],{"class":74},"2.5",[52,40594,2797],{"class":70},[52,40596,40597,40599,40601,40603,40606],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40598,2021],{"class":58},[52,40600,63],{"class":62},[52,40602,83],{"class":70},[52,40604,40605],{"class":74},"1.5",[52,40607,2797],{"class":70},[52,40609,40610],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,40611,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,40613,40614,40617,40619,40621,40623,40625,40627,40629,40631,40633,40635],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40615,40616],{"class":58},"total ",[52,40618,63],{"class":62},[52,40620,39688],{"class":600},[52,40622,138],{"class":66},[52,40624,221],{"class":117},[52,40626,3102],{"class":66},[52,40628,1893],{"class":62},[52,40630,39688],{"class":600},[52,40632,138],{"class":66},[52,40634,4204],{"class":117},[52,40636,144],{"class":66},[52,40638,40639,40641,40643,40646],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,40640,135],{"class":134},[52,40642,138],{"class":66},[52,40644,40645],{"class":117},"total",[52,40647,144],{"class":66},[20,40649,1509],{},[43,40651,40653],{"className":45,"code":40652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.0\n",[15,40654,40655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40656,40657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40658,40652],{"class":947},[699,40660,40662],{"id":40661},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40664,40665],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[43,40667,40669],{"className":45,"code":40668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40670,40671,40681,40696,40700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40672,40673,40676,40678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40674,40675],{"class":58},"count ",[52,40677,63],{"class":62},[52,40679,40680],{"class":947}," 7\n",[52,40682,40683,40685,40687,40689,40691,40694],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40684,1668],{"class":58},[52,40686,63],{"class":62},[52,40688,39688],{"class":600},[52,40690,138],{"class":66},[52,40692,40693],{"class":117},"count",[52,40695,144],{"class":66},[52,40697,40698],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,40699,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,40701,40702,40704,40706,40708],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40703,135],{"class":134},[52,40705,138],{"class":66},[52,40707,1703],{"class":117},[52,40709,144],{"class":66},[20,40711,1509],{},[43,40713,40715],{"className":45,"code":40714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.0\n",[15,40716,40717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40718,40719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40720,40714],{"class":947},[699,40722,40724],{"id":40723},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40726,40727,40728,40730],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40729,2322],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[43,40732,40734],{"className":45,"code":40733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40735,40736,40750,40766,40770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40737,40738,40741,40743,40745,40748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40739,40740],{"class":58},"temperature_text ",[52,40742,63],{"class":62},[52,40744,83],{"class":70},[52,40746,40747],{"class":74},"21.8",[52,40749,2797],{"class":70},[52,40751,40752,40755,40757,40759,40761,40764],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,40753,40754],{"class":58},"temperature ",[52,40756,63],{"class":62},[52,40758,39688],{"class":600},[52,40760,138],{"class":66},[52,40762,40763],{"class":117},"temperature_text",[52,40765,144],{"class":66},[52,40767,40768],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,40769,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,40771,40772,40774,40776,40779],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,40773,135],{"class":134},[52,40775,138],{"class":66},[52,40777,40778],{"class":117},"temperature",[52,40780,144],{"class":66},[38,40782,40784],{"id":40783},"special-values","Special values",[20,40786,40787,40789],{},[15,40788,2322],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[699,40791,40793],{"id":40792},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[43,40795,40797],{"className":45,"code":40796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40798,40799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40800,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811,40814,40816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40802,135],{"class":134},[52,40804,138],{"class":66},[52,40806,1630],{"class":600},[52,40808,138],{"class":66},[52,40810,71],{"class":70},[52,40812,40813],{"class":74},"inf",[52,40815,71],{"class":70},[52,40817,1222],{"class":66},[20,40819,1509],{},[43,40821,40823],{"className":45,"code":40822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"inf\n",[15,40824,40825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40826,40827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40828,40822],{"class":58},[699,40830,40832],{"id":40831},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[43,40834,40836],{"className":45,"code":40835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40837,40838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40839,40840,40842,40844,40846,40848,40850,40853,40855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40841,135],{"class":134},[52,40843,138],{"class":66},[52,40845,1630],{"class":600},[52,40847,138],{"class":66},[52,40849,71],{"class":70},[52,40851,40852],{"class":74},"-inf",[52,40854,71],{"class":70},[52,40856,1222],{"class":66},[20,40858,1509],{},[43,40860,40862],{"className":45,"code":40861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-inf\n",[15,40863,40864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40865,40866,40868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40867,1460],{"class":62},[52,40869,40822],{"class":58},[699,40871,40873],{"id":40872},"not-a-number","Not a number",[43,40875,40877],{"className":45,"code":40876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40878,40879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40880,40881,40883,40885,40887,40889,40891,40894,40896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40882,135],{"class":134},[52,40884,138],{"class":66},[52,40886,1630],{"class":600},[52,40888,138],{"class":66},[52,40890,71],{"class":70},[52,40892,40893],{"class":74},"nan",[52,40895,71],{"class":70},[52,40897,1222],{"class":66},[20,40899,1509],{},[43,40901,40903],{"className":45,"code":40902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nan\n",[15,40904,40905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40906,40907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40908,40902],{"class":58},[20,40910,40911],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[163,40913,40914,40919,40924],{},[166,40915,40916,40918],{},[15,40917,40813],{}," means positive infinity",[166,40920,40921,40923],{},[15,40922,40852],{}," means negative infinity",[166,40925,40926,40928],{},[15,40927,40893],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40930,40931,40932,40934],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40933,2322],{}," accepts them.",[38,40936,40938],{"id":40937},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40940,40941,40942,40944],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40943,2322],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[699,40946,40137],{"id":40947},"valueerror",[20,40949,14629,40950,40952],{},[15,40951,40137],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40954,40955],{},"Common causes:",[163,40957,40958,40964,40967,40970],{},[166,40959,40960,40961],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40962,40963],{},"\"abc\"",[166,40965,40966],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[166,40968,40969],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[166,40971,4147,40972],{},[221,40973,40974,40976],{"href":7666},[15,40975,2396],{}," returns a string",[20,40978,267],{},[43,40980,40982],{"className":45,"code":40981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40983,40984,40997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40985,40986,40988,40990,40992,40995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40987,965],{"class":58},[52,40989,63],{"class":62},[52,40991,83],{"class":70},[52,40993,40994],{"class":74},"abc",[52,40996,2797],{"class":70},[52,40998,40999,41001,41003,41005,41007,41009],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41000,135],{"class":134},[52,41002,138],{"class":66},[52,41004,1630],{"class":600},[52,41006,138],{"class":66},[52,41008,985],{"class":117},[52,41010,1222],{"class":66},[699,41012,2443],{"id":41013},"typeerror",[20,41015,14629,41016,41018],{},[15,41017,2443],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41020,40955],{},[163,41022,41023,41026,41029],{},[166,41024,41025],{},"Passing a list",[166,41027,41028],{},"Passing a dictionary",[166,41030,41031],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41033,267],{},[43,41035,41037],{"className":45,"code":41036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41038,41039,41064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41040,41041,41043,41045,41047,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057,41060,41062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41042,965],{"class":58},[52,41044,63],{"class":62},[52,41046,67],{"class":66},[52,41048,71],{"class":70},[52,41050,24590],{"class":74},[52,41052,71],{"class":70},[52,41054,202],{"class":66},[52,41056,83],{"class":70},[52,41058,41059],{"class":74},"9.99",[52,41061,71],{"class":70},[52,41063,100],{"class":66},[52,41065,41066,41068,41070,41072,41074,41076],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41067,135],{"class":134},[52,41069,138],{"class":66},[52,41071,1630],{"class":600},[52,41073,138],{"class":66},[52,41075,985],{"class":117},[52,41077,1222],{"class":66},[699,41079,41081],{"id":41080},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41083,41084,41085,41088],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41086,41087],{},"strip()"," can help:",[43,41090,41092],{"className":45,"code":41091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41093,41094,41107,41122,41126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41095,41096,41098,41100,41102,41105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41097,965],{"class":58},[52,41099,63],{"class":62},[52,41101,83],{"class":70},[52,41103,41104],{"class":74},"  7.25  ",[52,41106,2797],{"class":70},[52,41108,41109,41112,41114,41116,41118,41120],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41110,41111],{"class":58},"clean_value ",[52,41113,63],{"class":62},[52,41115,7880],{"class":58},[52,41117,114],{"class":66},[52,41119,8081],{"class":117},[52,41121,121],{"class":66},[52,41123,41124],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,41125,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,41127,41128,41130,41132,41134,41136,41139],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41129,135],{"class":134},[52,41131,138],{"class":66},[52,41133,1630],{"class":600},[52,41135,138],{"class":66},[52,41137,41138],{"class":117},"clean_value",[52,41140,1222],{"class":66},[20,41142,1509],{},[43,41144,41146],{"className":45,"code":41145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.25\n",[15,41147,41148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41149,41150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41151,41145],{"class":947},[699,41153,41155],{"id":41154},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41157,41158],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[43,41160,41162],{"className":45,"code":41161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41163,41164,41177,41181,41191,41205,41220,41224,41238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41165,41166,41168,41170,41172,41175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41167,965],{"class":58},[52,41169,63],{"class":62},[52,41171,83],{"class":70},[52,41173,41174],{"class":74}," 3.5 ",[52,41176,2797],{"class":70},[52,41178,41179],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41180,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,41182,41183,41185,41187,41189],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,41184,135],{"class":134},[52,41186,138],{"class":66},[52,41188,985],{"class":117},[52,41190,144],{"class":66},[52,41192,41193,41195,41197,41199,41201,41203],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41194,135],{"class":134},[52,41196,138],{"class":66},[52,41198,1231],{"class":600},[52,41200,138],{"class":66},[52,41202,985],{"class":117},[52,41204,1222],{"class":66},[52,41206,41207,41209,41211,41214,41216,41218],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,41208,135],{"class":134},[52,41210,138],{"class":66},[52,41212,41213],{"class":134},"repr",[52,41215,138],{"class":66},[52,41217,985],{"class":117},[52,41219,1222],{"class":66},[52,41221,41222],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,41223,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,41225,41226,41228,41230,41232,41234,41236],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,41227,41111],{"class":58},[52,41229,63],{"class":62},[52,41231,7880],{"class":58},[52,41233,114],{"class":66},[52,41235,8081],{"class":117},[52,41237,121],{"class":66},[52,41239,41240,41242,41244,41246,41248,41250],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,41241,135],{"class":134},[52,41243,138],{"class":66},[52,41245,1630],{"class":600},[52,41247,138],{"class":66},[52,41249,41138],{"class":117},[52,41251,1222],{"class":66},[20,41253,41254],{},"Why this helps:",[163,41256,41257,41263,41268,41274],{},[166,41258,41259,41262],{},[15,41260,41261],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[166,41264,41265,20807],{},[15,41266,41267],{},"print(type(value))",[166,41269,41270,41273],{},[15,41271,41272],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[166,41275,41276,41278],{},[15,41277,41087],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[699,41280,41282],{"id":41281},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41284,41285],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[43,41287,41289],{"className":45,"code":41288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41290,41291,41310,41314,41320,41335,41354,41363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41292,41293,41295,41297,41299,41301,41303,41306,41308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41294,965],{"class":58},[52,41296,63],{"class":62},[52,41298,7689],{"class":134},[52,41300,138],{"class":66},[52,41302,71],{"class":70},[52,41304,41305],{"class":74},"Enter a number: ",[52,41307,71],{"class":70},[52,41309,144],{"class":66},[52,41311,41312],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41313,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,41315,41316,41318],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,41317,802],{"class":731},[52,41319,737],{"class":66},[52,41321,41322,41325,41327,41329,41331,41333],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,41323,41324],{"class":58},"    number ",[52,41326,63],{"class":62},[52,41328,39688],{"class":600},[52,41330,138],{"class":66},[52,41332,985],{"class":117},[52,41334,144],{"class":66},[52,41336,41337,41339,41341,41343,41346,41348,41350,41352],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,41338,757],{"class":134},[52,41340,138],{"class":66},[52,41342,71],{"class":70},[52,41344,41345],{"class":74},"Converted:",[52,41347,71],{"class":70},[52,41349,80],{"class":66},[52,41351,1635],{"class":117},[52,41353,144],{"class":66},[52,41355,41356,41358,41361],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,41357,806],{"class":731},[52,41359,41360],{"class":600}," ValueError",[52,41362,737],{"class":66},[52,41364,41365,41367,41369,41371,41374,41376],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,41366,757],{"class":134},[52,41368,138],{"class":66},[52,41370,71],{"class":70},[52,41372,41373],{"class":74},"That is not a valid number.",[52,41375,71],{"class":70},[52,41377,144],{"class":66},[20,41379,41380,41381,114],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[221,41382,40329],{"href":40328},[38,41384,41386],{"id":41385},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41388,10036,41389,803,41391,41393],{},[15,41390,2322],{},[15,41392,2316],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41395,41396,41398],{},[15,41397,2322],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[43,41400,41402],{"className":45,"code":41401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41403,41404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41405,41406,41408,41410,41412,41414,41416,41419,41421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41407,135],{"class":134},[52,41409,138],{"class":66},[52,41411,1630],{"class":600},[52,41413,138],{"class":66},[52,41415,71],{"class":70},[52,41417,41418],{"class":74},"3.9",[52,41420,71],{"class":70},[52,41422,1222],{"class":66},[20,41424,1509],{},[43,41426,41428],{"className":45,"code":41427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.9\n",[15,41429,41430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41431,41432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41433,41427],{"class":947},[20,41435,41436,41438],{},[15,41437,2316],{}," creates whole numbers:",[43,41440,41442],{"className":45,"code":41441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41443,41444],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41445,41446,41448,41450,41452,41454,41456,41458,41460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41447,135],{"class":134},[52,41449,138],{"class":66},[52,41451,1626],{"class":600},[52,41453,138],{"class":66},[52,41455,71],{"class":70},[52,41457,1770],{"class":74},[52,41459,71],{"class":70},[52,41461,1222],{"class":66},[20,41463,1509],{},[43,41465,41466],{"className":45,"code":1816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,41467,41468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41469,41470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41471,1816],{"class":947},[20,41473,41474,41475,41478],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41476,41477],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[43,41480,41482],{"className":45,"code":41481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41483,41484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41485,41486,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496,41498,41500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41487,135],{"class":134},[52,41489,138],{"class":66},[52,41491,1626],{"class":600},[52,41493,138],{"class":66},[52,41495,71],{"class":70},[52,41497,41418],{"class":74},[52,41499,71],{"class":70},[52,41501,1222],{"class":66},[20,41503,2440,41504,8048,41506,41509],{},[15,41505,40137],{},[15,41507,41508],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41511,10158],{},[163,41513,41514,41520],{},[166,41515,41516,41519],{},[15,41517,41518],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[166,41521,41522,41524],{},[15,41523,41477],{}," fails",[20,41526,41527,41528,41531,41532,41534],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[221,41529,41530],{"href":2313},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[221,41533,1860],{"href":1859}," helpful.",[38,41536,1273],{"id":1272},[699,41538,41540],{"id":41539},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41542,41543,41544,456,41546,114],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41545,1930],{},[15,41547,39576],{},[699,41549,41551],{"id":41550},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41553,41554,41555,456,41558,114],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41556,41557],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41559,41560],{},"\"10\"",[699,41562,41564],{"id":41563},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41566,28496,41567,41569,41570,114],{},[15,41568,40963],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41571,40137],{},[699,41573,41575],{"id":41574},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41577,4592,41578,114],{},[15,41579,3210],{},[699,41581,41583],{"id":41582},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41585,41586,41587,41589,41590,803,41593,41589,41595,114],{},"Yes. ",[15,41588,3044],{}," becomes ",[15,41591,41592],{},"1.0",[15,41594,3116],{},[15,41596,3210],{},[38,41598,1332],{"id":1331},[163,41600,41601,41605,41611,41616,41620,41624],{},[166,41602,41603],{},[221,41604,41530],{"href":2313},[166,41606,41607],{},[221,41608,41610],{"href":41609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[166,41612,41613],{},[221,41614,41615],{"href":40324},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[166,41617,41618],{},[221,41619,8505],{"href":8427},[166,41621,41622],{},[221,41623,40329],{"href":40328},[166,41625,41626],{},[221,41627,41628],{"href":7666},"Python input() Function Explained",[1364,41630,41631],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":41633},[41634,41635,41636,41637,41644,41649,41650,41657,41662,41669,41670,41677],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":39623,"depth":103,"text":39624},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":39848,"depth":103,"text":39849,"children":41638},[41639,41640,41641,41642,41643],{"id":39857,"depth":124,"text":39858},{"id":39921,"depth":124,"text":39922},{"id":39985,"depth":124,"text":39986},{"id":40027,"depth":124,"text":40028},{"id":40082,"depth":124,"text":40083},{"id":40121,"depth":103,"text":40122,"children":41645},[41646,41647,41648],{"id":40130,"depth":124,"text":40131},{"id":40216,"depth":124,"text":40217},{"id":40286,"depth":124,"text":40287},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":40478,"depth":103,"text":40479,"children":41651},[41652,41654,41655,41656],{"id":40482,"depth":124,"text":41653},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40575,"depth":124,"text":40576},{"id":40661,"depth":124,"text":40662},{"id":40723,"depth":124,"text":40724},{"id":40783,"depth":103,"text":40784,"children":41658},[41659,41660,41661],{"id":40792,"depth":124,"text":40793},{"id":40831,"depth":124,"text":40832},{"id":40872,"depth":124,"text":40873},{"id":40937,"depth":103,"text":40938,"children":41663},[41664,41665,41666,41667,41668],{"id":40947,"depth":124,"text":40137},{"id":41013,"depth":124,"text":2443},{"id":41080,"depth":124,"text":41081},{"id":41154,"depth":124,"text":41155},{"id":41281,"depth":124,"text":41282},{"id":41385,"depth":103,"text":41386},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":41671},[41672,41673,41674,41675,41676],{"id":41539,"depth":124,"text":41540},{"id":41550,"depth":124,"text":41551},{"id":41563,"depth":124,"text":41564},{"id":41574,"depth":124,"text":41575},{"id":41582,"depth":124,"text":41583},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39524,"description":41678},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41685,"title":41686,"body":41687,"description":42908,"extension":1401,"meta":42909,"navigation":127,"path":34456,"seo":42910,"stem":42911,"__hash__":42912},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41688,"toc":42874},[41689,41692,41697,41700,41702,41741,41755,41759,41764,41767,41784,41787,41797,41812,41815,41817,41820,41836,41839,41842,41862,41866,41877,41880,41884,41888,41902,41937,41941,41952,41987,41990,41992,42000,42033,42049,42051,42061,42082,42093,42095,42100,42103,42117,42119,42138,42141,42154,42157,42161,42165,42179,42182,42200,42203,42218,42222,42227,42241,42247,42249,42306,42308,42341,42344,42360,42364,42371,42375,42380,42383,42394,42398,42403,42418,42427,42432,42451,42454,42466,42468,42473,42483,42486,42515,42520,42529,42533,42538,42541,42545,42550,42552,42582,42585,42592,42597,42602,42606,42609,42617,42620,42698,42701,42723,42725,42729,42732,42736,42742,42805,42809,42817,42821,42824,42826,42851,42871],[10,41690,41686],{"id":41691},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41693,3022,41694,41696],{},[15,41695,34459],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41698,41699],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[38,41701,41],{"id":40},[43,41703,41705],{"className":45,"code":41704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41706,41707,41717,41727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41708,41709,41711,41713,41715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41710,31583],{"class":134},[52,41712,138],{"class":66},[52,41714,1215],{"class":134},[52,41716,144],{"class":66},[52,41718,41719,41721,41723,41725],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41720,31583],{"class":134},[52,41722,138],{"class":66},[52,41724,2882],{"class":600},[52,41726,144],{"class":66},[52,41728,41729,41731,41733,41735,41737,41739],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,41730,31583],{"class":134},[52,41732,138],{"class":66},[52,41734,608],{"class":70},[52,41736,34091],{"class":74},[52,41738,608],{"class":70},[52,41740,144],{"class":66},[20,41742,799,41743,41745,41746,456,41748,41750,41751,41754],{},[15,41744,34459],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41747,1215],{},[15,41749,2882],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41752,41753],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[38,41756,41758],{"id":41757},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41760,41761,41763],{},[15,41762,34459],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41765,41766],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[163,41768,41769,41772,41775,41778,41781],{},[166,41770,41771],{},"Functions",[166,41773,41774],{},"Classes",[166,41776,41777],{},"Methods",[166,41779,41780],{},"Modules",[166,41782,41783],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41785,41786],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41788,41789,41790,41796],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[221,41791,41793],{"href":41792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41794,41795],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[43,41798,41800],{"className":45,"code":41799,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\n",[15,41801,41802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41803,41804,41806,41808,41810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41805,31583],{"class":134},[52,41807,138],{"class":66},[52,41809,1215],{"class":134},[52,41811,144],{"class":66},[20,41813,41814],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[38,41816,228],{"id":227},[20,41818,41819],{},"The main form is:",[43,41821,41823],{"className":45,"code":41822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(object)\n",[15,41824,41825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41826,41827,41829,41831,41834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41828,31583],{"class":134},[52,41830,138],{"class":66},[52,41832,41833],{"class":600},"object",[52,41835,144],{"class":66},[20,41837,41838],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41840,41841],{},"Common examples include:",[163,41843,41844,41848,41853,41857],{},[166,41845,41846],{},[15,41847,1215],{},[166,41849,41850],{},[15,41851,41852],{},"list.append",[166,41854,41855],{},[15,41856,2882],{},[166,41858,41859],{},[15,41860,41861],{},"open",[20,41863,6621,41864,6624],{},[15,41865,34459],{},[43,41867,41869],{"className":45,"code":41868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help()\n",[15,41870,41871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41872,41873,41875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41874,31583],{"class":134},[52,41876,121],{"class":66},[20,41878,41879],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[38,41881,41883],{"id":41882},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[699,41885,41887],{"id":41886},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41889,41890,41891,1627,41893,1627,41895,16512,41898,114],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41892,1215],{},[15,41894,135],{},[15,41896,41897],{},"input",[221,41899,41900],{"href":1738},[15,41901,1741],{},[43,41903,41905],{"className":45,"code":41904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41906,41907,41917,41927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41908,41909,41911,41913,41915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41910,31583],{"class":134},[52,41912,138],{"class":66},[52,41914,135],{"class":134},[52,41916,144],{"class":66},[52,41918,41919,41921,41923,41925],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41920,31583],{"class":134},[52,41922,138],{"class":66},[52,41924,41897],{"class":134},[52,41926,144],{"class":66},[52,41928,41929,41931,41933,41935],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,41930,31583],{"class":134},[52,41932,138],{"class":66},[52,41934,1231],{"class":600},[52,41936,144],{"class":66},[699,41938,41940],{"id":41939},"data-types","Data types",[20,41942,41943,41944,1627,41946,1627,41948,16512,41950,114],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41945,2882],{},[15,41947,7540],{},[15,41949,8268],{},[15,41951,601],{},[43,41953,41955],{"className":45,"code":41954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41956,41957,41967,41977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41958,41959,41961,41963,41965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41960,31583],{"class":134},[52,41962,138],{"class":66},[52,41964,2882],{"class":600},[52,41966,144],{"class":66},[52,41968,41969,41971,41973,41975],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,41970,31583],{"class":134},[52,41972,138],{"class":66},[52,41974,7540],{"class":600},[52,41976,144],{"class":66},[52,41978,41979,41981,41983,41985],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,41980,31583],{"class":134},[52,41982,138],{"class":66},[52,41984,8268],{"class":600},[52,41986,144],{"class":66},[20,41988,41989],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[699,41991,41777],{"id":33938},[20,41993,41994,41995,803,41998,114],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41996,41997],{},"str.split",[15,41999,41852],{},[43,42001,42003],{"className":45,"code":42002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42004,42005,42019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42006,42007,42009,42011,42013,42015,42017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42008,31583],{"class":134},[52,42010,138],{"class":66},[52,42012,2882],{"class":600},[52,42014,114],{"class":66},[52,42016,33901],{"class":24190},[52,42018,144],{"class":66},[52,42020,42021,42023,42025,42027,42029,42031],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42022,31583],{"class":134},[52,42024,138],{"class":66},[52,42026,7540],{"class":600},[52,42028,114],{"class":66},[52,42030,12992],{"class":24190},[52,42032,144],{"class":66},[20,42034,42035,42036,8151,42038,27752,42043,42045,42046,42048],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42037,34459],{},[221,42039,42041],{"href":42040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42042,33743],{},[15,42044,33743],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42047,34459],{}," explains one of them.",[699,42050,41780],{"id":34091},[20,42052,42053,42054,1627,42056,16512,42058,114],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42055,17856],{},[15,42057,34622],{},[15,42059,42060],{},"os",[43,42062,42064],{"className":45,"code":42063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42065,42066,42072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42067,42068,42070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42069,34523],{"class":731},[52,42071,34526],{"class":58},[52,42073,42074,42076,42078,42080],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42075,31583],{"class":134},[52,42077,138],{"class":66},[52,42079,17856],{"class":117},[52,42081,144],{"class":66},[20,42083,42084,42085,42089,42090,114],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[221,42086,42088],{"href":42087},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[221,42091,34589],{"href":42092},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[38,42094,34350],{"id":34349},[20,42096,42097,42099],{},[15,42098,34459],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42101,42102],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[163,42104,42105,42108,42111,42114],{},[166,42106,42107],{},"The function signature",[166,42109,42110],{},"The short description",[166,42112,42113],{},"Parameter names",[166,42115,42116],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42118,4918],{},[43,42120,42122],{"className":45,"code":42121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42123,42124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42125,42126,42128,42130,42132,42134,42136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42127,31583],{"class":134},[52,42129,138],{"class":66},[52,42131,2882],{"class":600},[52,42133,114],{"class":66},[52,42135,33901],{"class":24190},[52,42137,144],{"class":66},[20,42139,42140],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[163,42142,42143,42146,42149,42151],{},[166,42144,42145],{},"What object this is",[166,42147,42148],{},"What arguments it accepts",[166,42150,21410],{},[166,42152,42153],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42155,42156],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[38,42158,42160],{"id":42159},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42162,42163,29304],{},[15,42164,34459],{},[163,42166,42167,42170,42173,42176],{},[166,42168,42169],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[166,42171,42172],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[166,42174,42175],{},"You are exploring a new module",[166,42177,42178],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42180,42181],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[43,42183,42184],{"className":45,"code":42121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42185,42186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42187,42188,42190,42192,42194,42196,42198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42189,31583],{"class":134},[52,42191,138],{"class":66},[52,42193,2882],{"class":600},[52,42195,114],{"class":66},[52,42197,33901],{"class":24190},[52,42199,144],{"class":66},[20,42201,42202],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[43,42204,42206],{"className":45,"code":42205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(open)\n",[15,42207,42208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42209,42210,42212,42214,42216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42211,31583],{"class":134},[52,42213,138],{"class":66},[52,42215,41861],{"class":134},[52,42217,144],{"class":66},[38,42219,42221],{"id":42220},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42223,42224,42226],{},[15,42225,34459],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[163,42228,42229,42232,42235,42238],{},[166,42230,42231],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[166,42233,42234],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[166,42236,42237],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[166,42239,42240],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42242,42243,42244,42246],{},"So, ",[15,42245,34459],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42248,4918],{},[43,42250,42252],{"className":45,"code":42251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42253,42254,42267,42291,42295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42255,42256,42258,42260,42262,42265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42257,34120],{"class":58},[52,42259,63],{"class":62},[52,42261,83],{"class":70},[52,42263,42264],{"class":74},"a,b,c",[52,42266,2797],{"class":70},[52,42268,42269,42272,42274,42277,42279,42281,42283,42285,42287,42289],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42270,42271],{"class":58},"parts ",[52,42273,63],{"class":62},[52,42275,42276],{"class":58}," text",[52,42278,114],{"class":66},[52,42280,33901],{"class":117},[52,42282,138],{"class":66},[52,42284,71],{"class":70},[52,42286,80],{"class":74},[52,42288,71],{"class":70},[52,42290,144],{"class":66},[52,42292,42293],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,42294,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,42296,42297,42299,42301,42304],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42298,135],{"class":134},[52,42300,138],{"class":66},[52,42302,42303],{"class":117},"parts",[52,42305,144],{"class":66},[20,42307,5006],{},[43,42309,42311],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42312,42313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42314,42315,42317,42319,42321,42323,42325,42327,42329,42331,42333,42335,42337,42339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42316,3344],{"class":66},[52,42318,608],{"class":70},[52,42320,221],{"class":74},[52,42322,608],{"class":70},[52,42324,80],{"class":66},[52,42326,617],{"class":70},[52,42328,4204],{"class":74},[52,42330,608],{"class":70},[52,42332,80],{"class":66},[52,42334,617],{"class":70},[52,42336,9187],{"class":74},[52,42338,608],{"class":70},[52,42340,3076],{"class":66},[20,42342,42343],{},"A good workflow is:",[28150,42345,42346,42351,42354,42357],{},[166,42347,799,42348,42350],{},[15,42349,34459],{}," to inspect something",[166,42352,42353],{},"Write a tiny example",[166,42355,42356],{},"Check the result",[166,42358,42359],{},"Repeat",[38,42361,42363],{"id":42362},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42365,42366,803,42368,42370],{},[15,42367,34459],{},[15,42369,33743],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[699,42372,42373],{"id":31583},[15,42374,34459],{},[20,42376,799,42377,42379],{},[15,42378,34459],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42381,42382],{},"It tells you:",[163,42384,42385,42388,42391],{},[166,42386,42387],{},"What something is",[166,42389,42390],{},"How to use it",[166,42392,42393],{},"What parameters it accepts",[699,42395,42396],{"id":33804},[15,42397,33743],{},[20,42399,799,42400,42402],{},[15,42401,33743],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[43,42404,42406],{"className":45,"code":42405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dir(str)\n",[15,42407,42408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42409,42410,42412,42414,42416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42411,33804],{"class":134},[52,42413,138],{"class":66},[52,42415,2882],{"class":600},[52,42417,144],{"class":66},[20,42419,42420,42421,1627,42423,16512,42425,114],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42422,33901],{},[15,42424,8081],{},[15,42426,8087],{},[20,42428,42429,42430,202],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42431,34459],{},[43,42433,42435],{"className":45,"code":42434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42436,42437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42438,42439,42441,42443,42445,42447,42449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42440,31583],{"class":134},[52,42442,138],{"class":66},[52,42444,2882],{"class":600},[52,42446,114],{"class":66},[52,42448,8087],{"class":24190},[52,42450,144],{"class":66},[20,42452,42453],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[163,42455,42456,42461],{},[166,42457,799,42458,42460],{},[15,42459,33743],{}," to discover options",[166,42462,799,42463,42465],{},[15,42464,34459],{}," to understand one option",[38,42467,1158],{"id":1157},[20,42469,42470,42471,114],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42472,34459],{},[699,42474,1185,42476,42479,42480],{"id":42475},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42477,42478],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42481,42482],{},"help(len)",[20,42484,42485],{},"These are not always the same.",[43,42487,42489],{"className":45,"code":42488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42490,42491,42501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42492,42493,42495,42497,42499],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42494,31583],{"class":134},[52,42496,138],{"class":66},[52,42498,1215],{"class":134},[52,42500,144],{"class":66},[52,42502,42503,42505,42507,42509,42511,42513],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42504,31583],{"class":134},[52,42506,138],{"class":66},[52,42508,608],{"class":70},[52,42510,1215],{"class":74},[52,42512,608],{"class":70},[52,42514,144],{"class":66},[20,42516,42517,42519],{},[15,42518,42482],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42521,42522,42524,42525,42528],{},[15,42523,42478],{}," treats ",[15,42526,42527],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[699,42530,42532],{"id":42531},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42534,42535,42537],{},[15,42536,34459],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42539,42540],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[699,42542,42544],{"id":42543},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42546,39776,42547,42549],{},[15,42548,34459],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42551,267],{},[43,42553,42555],{"className":45,"code":42554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42556,42557,42567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42558,42559,42561,42563,42565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42560,31583],{"class":134},[52,42562,138],{"class":66},[52,42564,1215],{"class":134},[52,42566,144],{"class":66},[52,42568,42569,42571,42573,42575,42578,42580],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42570,135],{"class":134},[52,42572,138],{"class":66},[52,42574,71],{"class":70},[52,42576,42577],{"class":74},"Done",[52,42579,71],{"class":70},[52,42581,144],{"class":66},[20,42583,42584],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[699,42586,36636,42588,8151,42590],{"id":42587},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42589,34459],{},[15,42591,33743],{},[20,42593,42594,42595,114],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42596,33743],{},[20,42598,42599,42600,114],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42601,34459],{},[38,42603,42605],{"id":42604},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42607,42608],{},"Open Python:",[43,42610,42611],{"className":45,"code":34975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42612,42613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42614,42615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42616,34975],{"class":58},[20,42618,42619],{},"Then test these commands:",[43,42621,42623],{"className":45,"code":42622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42624,42625,42635,42649,42663,42673,42688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42626,42627,42629,42631,42633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42628,31583],{"class":134},[52,42630,138],{"class":66},[52,42632,1215],{"class":134},[52,42634,144],{"class":66},[52,42636,42637,42639,42641,42643,42645,42647],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42638,31583],{"class":134},[52,42640,138],{"class":66},[52,42642,2882],{"class":600},[52,42644,114],{"class":66},[52,42646,33901],{"class":24190},[52,42648,144],{"class":66},[52,42650,42651,42653,42655,42657,42659,42661],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,42652,31583],{"class":134},[52,42654,138],{"class":66},[52,42656,7540],{"class":600},[52,42658,114],{"class":66},[52,42660,12992],{"class":24190},[52,42662,144],{"class":66},[52,42664,42665,42667,42669,42671],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42666,31583],{"class":134},[52,42668,138],{"class":66},[52,42670,41861],{"class":134},[52,42672,144],{"class":66},[52,42674,42675,42677,42679,42681,42684,42686],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,42676,31583],{"class":134},[52,42678,138],{"class":66},[52,42680,608],{"class":70},[52,42682,42683],{"class":74},"keywords",[52,42685,608],{"class":70},[52,42687,144],{"class":66},[52,42689,42690,42692,42694,42696],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,42691,33804],{"class":134},[52,42693,138],{"class":66},[52,42695,2882],{"class":600},[52,42697,144],{"class":66},[20,42699,42700],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[163,42702,42703,42706,42709,42712,42715,42718],{},[166,42704,42705],{},"A built-in function",[166,42707,42708],{},"A string method",[166,42710,42711],{},"A list method",[166,42713,42714],{},"A built-in file function",[166,42716,42717],{},"A special help topic",[166,42719,14629,42720,42722],{},[15,42721,33743],{}," example for comparison",[38,42724,1273],{"id":1272},[699,42726,42728],{"id":42727},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42730,42731],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[699,42733,42735],{"id":42734},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42737,42738,42739,42741],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42740,34459],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[43,42743,42745],{"className":45,"code":42744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42746,42747,42759,42772,42791,42795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42748,42749,42751,42753,42755,42757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42750,34283],{"class":1503},[52,42752,34287],{"class":34286},[52,42754,138],{"class":66},[52,42756,7115],{"class":37095},[52,42758,7789],{"class":66},[52,42760,42761,42765,42769],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42762,42764],{"class":42763},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[52,42766,42768],{"class":42767},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[52,42770,42771],{"class":42763},"\"\"\"\n",[52,42773,42774,42776,42779,42782,42784,42786,42788],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,42775,34294],{"class":731},[52,42777,42778],{"class":1503}," f",[52,42780,42781],{"class":74},"\"Hello, ",[52,42783,8726],{"class":947},[52,42785,7115],{"class":58},[52,42787,21743],{"class":947},[52,42789,42790],{"class":74},"!\"\n",[52,42792,42793],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42794,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,42796,42797,42799,42801,42803],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,42798,31583],{"class":134},[52,42800,138],{"class":66},[52,42802,34329],{"class":117},[52,42804,144],{"class":66},[699,42806,42808],{"id":42807},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42810,42811,42813,42814,42816],{},[15,42812,42482],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42815,42478],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[699,42818,42820],{"id":42819},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42822,42823],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[38,42825,1332],{"id":1331},[163,42827,42828,42833,42837,42842,42847],{},[166,42829,42830],{},[221,42831,42832],{"href":42040},"Python dir() function explained",[166,42834,42835],{},[221,42836,7889],{"href":1738},[166,42838,42839],{},[221,42840,42841],{"href":41792},"Python len() function explained",[166,42843,42844],{},[221,42845,42846],{"href":42087},"How import works in Python",[166,42848,42849],{},[221,42850,34589],{"href":42092},[20,42852,42853,42854,42856,42857,1627,42859,16512,42861,42863,42864,456,42867,42870],{},"Try ",[15,42855,34459],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42858,1215],{},[15,42860,135],{},[15,42862,41897],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42865,42866],{},"dir(str)",[15,42868,42869],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1364,42872,42873],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":42875},[42876,42877,42878,42879,42885,42886,42887,42888,42892,42900,42901,42907],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":41757,"depth":103,"text":41758},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":41882,"depth":103,"text":41883,"children":42880},[42881,42882,42883,42884],{"id":41886,"depth":124,"text":41887},{"id":41939,"depth":124,"text":41940},{"id":33938,"depth":124,"text":41777},{"id":34091,"depth":124,"text":41780},{"id":34349,"depth":103,"text":34350},{"id":42159,"depth":103,"text":42160},{"id":42220,"depth":103,"text":42221},{"id":42362,"depth":103,"text":42363,"children":42889},[42890,42891],{"id":31583,"depth":124,"text":34459},{"id":33804,"depth":124,"text":33743},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":42893},[42894,42896,42897,42898],{"id":42475,"depth":124,"text":42895},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42531,"depth":124,"text":42532},{"id":42543,"depth":124,"text":42544},{"id":42587,"depth":124,"text":42899},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42604,"depth":103,"text":42605},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":42902},[42903,42904,42905,42906],{"id":42727,"depth":124,"text":42728},{"id":42734,"depth":124,"text":42735},{"id":42807,"depth":124,"text":42808},{"id":42819,"depth":124,"text":42820},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41686,"description":42908},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42914,"title":42915,"body":42916,"description":44277,"extension":1401,"meta":44278,"navigation":127,"path":44279,"seo":44280,"stem":44281,"__hash__":44282},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42917,"toc":44250},[42918,42924,42929,42935,42945,43004,43014,43025,43030,43036,43038,43056,43064,43066,43068,43083,43086,43097,43099,43190,43193,43197,43202,43223,43225,43336,43338,43365,43376,43380,43383,43466,43468,43476,43482,43488,43492,43495,43605,43607,43620,43623,43637,43645,43652,43657,43671,43677,43790,43792,43853,43856,43862,43868,43871,43893,43896,43966,43969,44001,44008,44010,44013,44031,44034,44046,44052,44054,44059,44084,44087,44159,44161,44167,44170,44176,44179,44185,44195,44201,44204,44211,44214,44216,44247],[10,42919,3015,42921,3019],{"id":42920},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42922,42923],{},"id()",[20,42925,31748,42926,42928],{},[15,42927,42923],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42930,42931,42932,42934],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42933,42923],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42936,799,42937,42939,42940,42942,42943,114],{},[15,42938,42923],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,42941,32],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42944,4131],{},[43,42946,42948],{"className":45,"code":42947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42949,42950,42962,42976,42980,42990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42951,42952,42954,42956,42958,42960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42953,7323],{"class":58},[52,42955,63],{"class":62},[52,42957,83],{"class":70},[52,42959,6743],{"class":74},[52,42961,2797],{"class":70},[52,42963,42964,42966,42968,42970,42972,42974],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,42965,135],{"class":134},[52,42967,138],{"class":66},[52,42969,12093],{"class":134},[52,42971,138],{"class":66},[52,42973,7115],{"class":117},[52,42975,1222],{"class":66},[52,42977,42978],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,42979,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,42981,42982,42985,42987],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,42983,42984],{"class":58},"other ",[52,42986,63],{"class":62},[52,42988,42989],{"class":58}," name\n",[52,42991,42992,42994,42996,42998,43000,43002],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,42993,135],{"class":134},[52,42995,138],{"class":66},[52,42997,12093],{"class":134},[52,42999,138],{"class":66},[52,43001,30173],{"class":117},[52,43003,1222],{"class":66},[20,43005,43006,43007,43010,43011,43013],{},"In this example, ",[15,43008,43009],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43012,42923],{}," values match.",[43015,43016,43017],"blockquote",{},[20,43018,799,43019,43021,43022,43024],{},[15,43020,42923],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43023,4131],{}," for value comparison.",[38,43026,194,43028,197],{"id":43027},"what-id-does",[15,43029,42923],{},[20,43031,43032,43035],{},[15,43033,43034],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43037,247],{},[163,43039,43040,43043,43050,43053],{},[166,43041,43042],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[166,43044,43045,43046,43049],{},"It shows ",[30,43047,43048],{},"object identity",", not object value",[166,43051,43052],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[166,43054,43055],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43057,43058,43059,43063],{},"This is closely related to how ",[221,43060,43062],{"href":43061},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[38,43065,228],{"id":227},[20,43067,4880],{},[43,43069,43071],{"className":45,"code":43070,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"id(object)\n",[15,43072,43073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43074,43075,43077,43079,43081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43076,12093],{"class":134},[52,43078,138],{"class":66},[52,43080,41833],{"class":600},[52,43082,144],{"class":66},[20,43084,43085],{},"Important details:",[163,43087,43088,43091,43094],{},[166,43089,43090],{},"It takes one argument",[166,43092,43093],{},"It returns an integer",[166,43095,43096],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43098,267],{},[43,43100,43102],{"className":45,"code":43101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43103,43104,43116,43124,43144,43148,43162,43176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43105,43106,43108,43110,43112,43114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43107,34120],{"class":58},[52,43109,63],{"class":62},[52,43111,83],{"class":70},[52,43113,3288],{"class":74},[52,43115,2797],{"class":70},[52,43117,43118,43120,43122],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43119,1655],{"class":58},[52,43121,63],{"class":62},[52,43123,2208],{"class":947},[52,43125,43126,43128,43130,43132,43134,43136,43138,43140,43142],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,43127,59],{"class":58},[52,43129,63],{"class":62},[52,43131,3063],{"class":66},[52,43133,948],{"class":947},[52,43135,80],{"class":66},[52,43137,953],{"class":947},[52,43139,80],{"class":66},[52,43141,958],{"class":947},[52,43143,3076],{"class":66},[52,43145,43146],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43147,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43149,43150,43152,43154,43156,43158,43160],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,43151,135],{"class":134},[52,43153,138],{"class":66},[52,43155,12093],{"class":134},[52,43157,138],{"class":66},[52,43159,34141],{"class":117},[52,43161,1222],{"class":66},[52,43163,43164,43166,43168,43170,43172,43174],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,43165,135],{"class":134},[52,43167,138],{"class":66},[52,43169,12093],{"class":134},[52,43171,138],{"class":66},[52,43173,1678],{"class":117},[52,43175,1222],{"class":66},[52,43177,43178,43180,43182,43184,43186,43188],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,43179,135],{"class":134},[52,43181,138],{"class":66},[52,43183,12093],{"class":134},[52,43185,138],{"class":66},[52,43187,154],{"class":117},[52,43189,1222],{"class":66},[20,43191,43192],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[38,43194,43196],{"id":43195},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43198,43199,43200,114],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43201,42923],{},[163,43203,43204,43211,43218],{},[166,43205,43206,43208,43209],{},[15,43207,4131],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43210,985],{},[166,43212,43213,43215,43216],{},[15,43214,11637],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43217,41833],{},[166,43219,43220,43222],{},[15,43221,42923],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43224,267],{},[43,43226,43228],{"className":45,"code":43227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43229,43230,43250,43270,43274,43291,43308,43322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43231,43232,43234,43236,43238,43240,43242,43244,43246,43248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43233,1993],{"class":58},[52,43235,63],{"class":62},[52,43237,3063],{"class":66},[52,43239,948],{"class":947},[52,43241,80],{"class":66},[52,43243,953],{"class":947},[52,43245,80],{"class":66},[52,43247,958],{"class":947},[52,43249,3076],{"class":66},[52,43251,43252,43254,43256,43258,43260,43262,43264,43266,43268],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43253,2021],{"class":58},[52,43255,63],{"class":62},[52,43257,3063],{"class":66},[52,43259,948],{"class":947},[52,43261,80],{"class":66},[52,43263,953],{"class":947},[52,43265,80],{"class":66},[52,43267,958],{"class":947},[52,43269,3076],{"class":66},[52,43271,43272],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,43273,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43275,43276,43278,43280,43282,43284,43286,43288],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43277,135],{"class":134},[52,43279,138],{"class":66},[52,43281,1993],{"class":117},[52,43283,4131],{"class":62},[52,43285,1998],{"class":117},[52,43287,3102],{"class":66},[52,43289,43290],{"class":3105},"   # True\n",[52,43292,43293,43295,43297,43299,43301,43303,43305],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,43294,135],{"class":134},[52,43296,138],{"class":66},[52,43298,1993],{"class":117},[52,43300,11637],{"class":731},[52,43302,1998],{"class":117},[52,43304,3102],{"class":66},[52,43306,43307],{"class":3105},"   # False\n",[52,43309,43310,43312,43314,43316,43318,43320],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,43311,135],{"class":134},[52,43313,138],{"class":66},[52,43315,12093],{"class":134},[52,43317,138],{"class":66},[52,43319,221],{"class":117},[52,43321,1222],{"class":66},[52,43323,43324,43326,43328,43330,43332,43334],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,43325,135],{"class":134},[52,43327,138],{"class":66},[52,43329,12093],{"class":134},[52,43331,138],{"class":66},[52,43333,4204],{"class":117},[52,43335,1222],{"class":66},[20,43337,1616],{},[163,43339,43340,43348,43356],{},[166,43341,43342,4227,43345,43347],{},[15,43343,43344],{},"a == b",[15,43346,3044],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[166,43349,43350,4227,43353,43355],{},[15,43351,43352],{},"a is b",[15,43354,3116],{}," because they are different list objects",[166,43357,43358,803,43361,43364],{},[15,43359,43360],{},"id(a)",[15,43362,43363],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43366,43367,43368,803,43372,114],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[221,43369,43371],{"href":43370},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[221,43373,43375],{"href":43374},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[38,43377,43379],{"id":43378},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43381,43382],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[43,43384,43386],{"className":45,"code":43385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43387,43388,43408,43418,43422,43436,43451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43389,43390,43392,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402,43404,43406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43391,940],{"class":58},[52,43393,63],{"class":62},[52,43395,3063],{"class":66},[52,43397,1770],{"class":947},[52,43399,80],{"class":66},[52,43401,7237],{"class":947},[52,43403,80],{"class":66},[52,43405,7242],{"class":947},[52,43407,3076],{"class":66},[52,43409,43410,43413,43415],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43411,43412],{"class":58},"other_numbers ",[52,43414,63],{"class":62},[52,43416,43417],{"class":58}," numbers\n",[52,43419,43420],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,43421,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43423,43424,43426,43428,43430,43432,43434],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43425,135],{"class":134},[52,43427,138],{"class":66},[52,43429,12093],{"class":134},[52,43431,138],{"class":66},[52,43433,1037],{"class":117},[52,43435,1222],{"class":66},[52,43437,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446,43449],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,43439,135],{"class":134},[52,43441,138],{"class":66},[52,43443,12093],{"class":134},[52,43445,138],{"class":66},[52,43447,43448],{"class":117},"other_numbers",[52,43450,1222],{"class":66},[52,43452,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461,43464],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,43454,135],{"class":134},[52,43456,138],{"class":66},[52,43458,940],{"class":117},[52,43460,11637],{"class":731},[52,43462,43463],{"class":117}," other_numbers",[52,43465,144],{"class":66},[20,43467,5006],{},[43,43469,43470],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,43471,43472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43473,43474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43475,3424],{"class":3295},[20,43477,43478,43479,43481],{},"The two ",[15,43480,42923],{}," values will also match.",[20,43483,21629,43484,43487],{},[15,43485,43486],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[38,43489,43491],{"id":43490},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43493,43494],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[43,43496,43498],{"className":45,"code":43497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43499,43500,43521,43542,43546,43561,43575,43590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43501,43502,43505,43507,43509,43511,43513,43515,43517,43519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43503,43504],{"class":58},"list_a ",[52,43506,63],{"class":62},[52,43508,3063],{"class":66},[52,43510,948],{"class":947},[52,43512,80],{"class":66},[52,43514,953],{"class":947},[52,43516,80],{"class":66},[52,43518,958],{"class":947},[52,43520,3076],{"class":66},[52,43522,43523,43526,43528,43530,43532,43534,43536,43538,43540],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43524,43525],{"class":58},"list_b ",[52,43527,63],{"class":62},[52,43529,3063],{"class":66},[52,43531,948],{"class":947},[52,43533,80],{"class":66},[52,43535,953],{"class":947},[52,43537,80],{"class":66},[52,43539,958],{"class":947},[52,43541,3076],{"class":66},[52,43543,43544],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,43545,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43547,43548,43550,43552,43554,43556,43559],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43549,135],{"class":134},[52,43551,138],{"class":66},[52,43553,43504],{"class":117},[52,43555,4131],{"class":62},[52,43557,43558],{"class":117}," list_b",[52,43560,144],{"class":66},[52,43562,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,43564,135],{"class":134},[52,43566,138],{"class":66},[52,43568,43504],{"class":117},[52,43570,11637],{"class":731},[52,43572,43558],{"class":117},[52,43574,144],{"class":66},[52,43576,43577,43579,43581,43583,43585,43588],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,43578,135],{"class":134},[52,43580,138],{"class":66},[52,43582,12093],{"class":134},[52,43584,138],{"class":66},[52,43586,43587],{"class":117},"list_a",[52,43589,1222],{"class":66},[52,43591,43592,43594,43596,43598,43600,43603],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,43593,135],{"class":134},[52,43595,138],{"class":66},[52,43597,12093],{"class":134},[52,43599,138],{"class":66},[52,43601,43602],{"class":117},"list_b",[52,43604,1222],{"class":66},[20,43606,5006],{},[43,43608,43610],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43611,43612,43616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43613,43614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43615,3424],{"class":3295},[52,43617,43618],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43619,3485],{"class":3295},[20,43621,43622],{},"What this means:",[163,43624,43625,43628,43631],{},[166,43626,43627],{},"The lists are equal in value",[166,43629,43630],{},"They are not the same object",[166,43632,43633,43634,43636],{},"Their ",[15,43635,42923],{}," values are usually different",[20,43638,43639,43640,43642,43643,114],{},"This is why ",[15,43641,42923],{}," should not replace ",[15,43644,4131],{},[38,43646,43648,43649,43651],{"id":43647},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43650,42923],{}," is useful",[20,43653,43654,43656],{},[15,43655,42923],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[163,43658,43659,43662,43665,43668],{},[166,43660,43661],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[166,43663,43664],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[166,43666,43667],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[166,43669,43670],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43672,43673,43674,43676],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43675,42923],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[43,43678,43680],{"className":45,"code":43679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43681,43682,43706,43715,43719,43738,43742,43752,43762,43776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43683,43684,43686,43688,43690,43692,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702,43704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43685,11529],{"class":58},[52,43687,63],{"class":62},[52,43689,3063],{"class":66},[52,43691,71],{"class":70},[52,43693,221],{"class":74},[52,43695,71],{"class":70},[52,43697,80],{"class":66},[52,43699,83],{"class":70},[52,43701,4204],{"class":74},[52,43703,71],{"class":70},[52,43705,3076],{"class":66},[52,43707,43708,43711,43713],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43709,43710],{"class":58},"copy_ref ",[52,43712,63],{"class":62},[52,43714,11567],{"class":58},[52,43716,43717],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,43718,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43720,43721,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43722,43723],{"class":58},"copy_ref",[52,43725,114],{"class":66},[52,43727,12992],{"class":117},[52,43729,138],{"class":66},[52,43731,71],{"class":70},[52,43733,9187],{"class":74},[52,43735,71],{"class":70},[52,43737,144],{"class":66},[52,43739,43740],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,43741,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43743,43744,43746,43748,43750],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,43745,135],{"class":134},[52,43747,138],{"class":66},[52,43749,11576],{"class":117},[52,43751,144],{"class":66},[52,43753,43754,43756,43758,43760],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,43755,135],{"class":134},[52,43757,138],{"class":66},[52,43759,43723],{"class":117},[52,43761,144],{"class":66},[52,43763,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772,43774],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,43765,135],{"class":134},[52,43767,138],{"class":66},[52,43769,12093],{"class":134},[52,43771,138],{"class":66},[52,43773,11576],{"class":117},[52,43775,1222],{"class":66},[52,43777,43778,43780,43782,43784,43786,43788],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,43779,135],{"class":134},[52,43781,138],{"class":66},[52,43783,12093],{"class":134},[52,43785,138],{"class":66},[52,43787,43723],{"class":117},[52,43789,1222],{"class":66},[20,43791,5006],{},[43,43793,43795],{"className":45,"code":43794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43796,43797,43825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43798,43799,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809,43811,43813,43815,43817,43819,43821,43823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43800,3344],{"class":66},[52,43802,608],{"class":70},[52,43804,221],{"class":74},[52,43806,608],{"class":70},[52,43808,80],{"class":66},[52,43810,617],{"class":70},[52,43812,4204],{"class":74},[52,43814,608],{"class":70},[52,43816,80],{"class":66},[52,43818,617],{"class":70},[52,43820,9187],{"class":74},[52,43822,608],{"class":70},[52,43824,3076],{"class":66},[52,43826,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837,43839,43841,43843,43845,43847,43849,43851],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43828,3344],{"class":66},[52,43830,608],{"class":70},[52,43832,221],{"class":74},[52,43834,608],{"class":70},[52,43836,80],{"class":66},[52,43838,617],{"class":70},[52,43840,4204],{"class":74},[52,43842,608],{"class":70},[52,43844,80],{"class":66},[52,43846,617],{"class":70},[52,43848,9187],{"class":74},[52,43850,608],{"class":70},[52,43852,3076],{"class":66},[20,43854,43855],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[38,43857,43859,43860],{"id":43858},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43861,42923],{},[20,43863,43864,43865,43867],{},"Do not use ",[15,43866,42923],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43869,43870],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[163,43872,43873,43879,43885,43888],{},[166,43874,43875,43876,43878],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43877,4131],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[166,43880,43881,43882,43884],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43883,42923],{}," values across program runs",[166,43886,43887],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[166,43889,43890,43891],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43892,42923],{},[20,43894,43895],{},"Bad example:",[43,43897,43899],{"className":45,"code":43898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43900,43901,43913,43925,43929,43951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43902,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43904,1993],{"class":58},[52,43906,63],{"class":62},[52,43908,83],{"class":70},[52,43910,488],{"class":74},[52,43912,2797],{"class":70},[52,43914,43915,43917,43919,43921,43923],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43916,2021],{"class":58},[52,43918,63],{"class":62},[52,43920,83],{"class":70},[52,43922,488],{"class":74},[52,43924,2797],{"class":70},[52,43926,43927],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,43928,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,43930,43931,43933,43935,43937,43939,43941,43943,43945,43947,43949],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,43932,732],{"class":731},[52,43934,14256],{"class":134},[52,43936,138],{"class":66},[52,43938,221],{"class":117},[52,43940,3102],{"class":66},[52,43942,5854],{"class":62},[52,43944,14256],{"class":134},[52,43946,138],{"class":66},[52,43948,4204],{"class":117},[52,43950,7789],{"class":66},[52,43952,43953,43955,43957,43959,43962,43964],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,43954,757],{"class":134},[52,43956,138],{"class":66},[52,43958,71],{"class":70},[52,43960,43961],{"class":74},"The values are equal",[52,43963,71],{"class":70},[52,43965,144],{"class":66},[20,43967,43968],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[43,43970,43972],{"className":45,"code":43971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43973,43974,43987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43975,43976,43978,43981,43983,43985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43977,732],{"class":731},[52,43979,43980],{"class":58}," a ",[52,43982,4131],{"class":62},[52,43984,1998],{"class":58},[52,43986,737],{"class":66},[52,43988,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,43990,757],{"class":134},[52,43992,138],{"class":66},[52,43994,71],{"class":70},[52,43996,43961],{"class":74},[52,43998,71],{"class":70},[52,44000,144],{"class":66},[20,44002,799,44003,456,44005,44007],{},[15,44004,11637],{},[15,44006,42923],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[38,44009,20240],{"id":20239},[20,44011,44012],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[163,44014,44015,44018,44021,44026],{},[166,44016,44017],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[166,44019,44020],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[166,44022,44023,44024],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44025,42923],{},[166,44027,44028,44029],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44030,42923],{},[20,44032,44033],{},"The important rule is:",[163,44035,44036,44041],{},[166,44037,799,44038,44040],{},[15,44039,4131],{}," to check value",[166,44042,799,44043,44045],{},[15,44044,11637],{}," to check identity",[20,44047,44048,44049,44051],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44050,42923],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[38,44053,1158],{"id":1157},[20,44055,44056,44057,202],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44058,42923],{},[163,44060,44061,44068,44071,44074,44079],{},[166,44062,1185,44063,1312,44065,44067],{},[15,44064,42923],{},[15,44066,4131],{}," should be used",[166,44069,44070],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[166,44072,44073],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[166,44075,44076,44077],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44078,42923],{},[166,44080,1185,44081,44083],{},[15,44082,42923],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44085,44086],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[43,44088,44090],{"className":45,"code":44089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44091,44092,44107,44121,44135,44149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44093,44094,44096,44098,44100,44102,44105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44095,135],{"class":134},[52,44097,138],{"class":66},[52,44099,12093],{"class":134},[52,44101,138],{"class":66},[52,44103,44104],{"class":117},"my_object",[52,44106,1222],{"class":66},[52,44108,44109,44111,44113,44115,44117,44119],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44110,135],{"class":134},[52,44112,138],{"class":66},[52,44114,1993],{"class":117},[52,44116,4131],{"class":62},[52,44118,1998],{"class":117},[52,44120,144],{"class":66},[52,44122,44123,44125,44127,44129,44131,44133],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,44124,135],{"class":134},[52,44126,138],{"class":66},[52,44128,1993],{"class":117},[52,44130,11637],{"class":731},[52,44132,1998],{"class":117},[52,44134,144],{"class":66},[52,44136,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44138,135],{"class":134},[52,44140,138],{"class":66},[52,44142,1231],{"class":600},[52,44144,138],{"class":66},[52,44146,44104],{"class":117},[52,44148,1222],{"class":66},[52,44150,44151,44153,44155,44157],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,44152,31583],{"class":134},[52,44154,138],{"class":66},[52,44156,12093],{"class":134},[52,44158,144],{"class":66},[38,44160,1273],{"id":1272},[699,44162,44164,44165,12159],{"id":44163},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44166,42923],{},[20,44168,44169],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[699,44171,14343,44173,44175],{"id":44172},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44174,42923],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44177,44178],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[699,44180,20860,44182,44184],{"id":44181},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44183,42923],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44186,29700,44187,44189,44190,456,44192,44194],{},[15,44188,4131],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44191,42923],{},[15,44193,11637],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[699,44196,44198,44199,1293],{"id":44197},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44200,42923],{},[20,44202,44203],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[699,44205,44207,44208,44210],{"id":44206},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44209,42923],{}," values?",[20,44212,44213],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[38,44215,1332],{"id":1331},[163,44217,44218,44223,44228,44233,44241],{},[166,44219,44220],{},[221,44221,44222],{"href":43061},"Python variables explained for beginners",[166,44224,44225],{},[221,44226,44227],{"href":43370},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[166,44229,44230],{},[221,44231,44232],{"href":43374},"Python data types overview",[166,44234,44235],{},[221,44236,3015,44238,2948],{"href":44237},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44239,44240],{},"isinstance()",[166,44242,44243],{},[221,44244,44246],{"href":44245},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1364,44248,44249],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":44251},[44252,44254,44255,44256,44257,44258,44260,44262,44263,44264,44276],{"id":43027,"depth":103,"text":44253},"What id() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":43195,"depth":103,"text":43196},{"id":43378,"depth":103,"text":43379},{"id":43490,"depth":103,"text":43491},{"id":43647,"depth":103,"text":44259},"When id() is useful",{"id":43858,"depth":103,"text":44261},"When not to use id()",{"id":20239,"depth":103,"text":20240},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":44265},[44266,44268,44270,44272,44274],{"id":44163,"depth":124,"text":44267},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44172,"depth":124,"text":44269},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44181,"depth":124,"text":44271},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44197,"depth":124,"text":44273},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44206,"depth":124,"text":44275},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42915,"description":44277},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44284,"title":41628,"body":44285,"description":45925,"extension":1401,"meta":45926,"navigation":127,"path":45927,"seo":45928,"stem":45929,"__hash__":45930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44286,"toc":45891},[44287,44292,44297,44300,44302,44345,44350,44353,44358,44363,44366,44382,44384,44428,44430,44457,44459,44474,44476,44478,44480,44496,44498,44510,44513,44547,44550,44575,44580,44582,44587,44591,44594,44596,44644,44646,44679,44685,44696,44698,44750,44752,44783,44785,44789,44793,44836,44842,44848,44900,44908,44913,44917,45008,45010,45043,45046,45048,45108,45110,45136,45146,45148,45152,45157,45162,45164,45201,45203,45222,45225,45229,45232,45288,45300,45309,45311,45338,45346,45353,45357,45360,45397,45400,45406,45443,45445,45449,45455,45473,45478,45526,45530,45619,45622,45629,45631,45633,45638,45656,45658,45701,45707,45724,45726,45788,45790,45792,45798,45806,45812,45818,45827,45837,45841,45849,45851,45853,45888],[10,44288,3015,44290,3019],{"id":44289},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44291,2396],{},[20,44293,1418,44294,44296],{},[15,44295,2396],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44298,44299],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[38,44301,41],{"id":40},[43,44303,44305],{"className":45,"code":44304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44306,44307,44326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44308,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319,44322,44324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44310,7323],{"class":58},[52,44312,63],{"class":62},[52,44314,7689],{"class":134},[52,44316,138],{"class":66},[52,44318,71],{"class":70},[52,44320,44321],{"class":74},"Enter your name: ",[52,44323,71],{"class":70},[52,44325,144],{"class":66},[52,44327,44328,44330,44332,44334,44337,44339,44341,44343],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44329,135],{"class":134},[52,44331,138],{"class":66},[52,44333,71],{"class":70},[52,44335,44336],{"class":74},"Hello, ",[52,44338,71],{"class":70},[52,44340,1893],{"class":62},[52,44342,35425],{"class":117},[52,44344,144],{"class":66},[20,44346,799,44347,44349],{},[15,44348,2396],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44351,44352],"hr",{},[38,44354,194,44356,197],{"id":44355},"what-input-does",[15,44357,2396],{},[20,44359,44360,44362],{},[15,44361,2396],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44364,44365],{},"Here is what happens:",[163,44367,44368,44373,44376,44379],{},[166,44369,44370,44372],{},[15,44371,2396],{}," waits for the user to type",[166,44374,44375],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[166,44377,44378],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[166,44380,44381],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44383,267],{},[43,44385,44387],{"className":45,"code":44386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44388,44389,44409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44390,44391,44394,44396,44398,44400,44402,44405,44407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44392,44393],{"class":58},"color ",[52,44395,63],{"class":62},[52,44397,7689],{"class":134},[52,44399,138],{"class":66},[52,44401,71],{"class":70},[52,44403,44404],{"class":74},"What is your favorite color? ",[52,44406,71],{"class":70},[52,44408,144],{"class":66},[52,44410,44411,44413,44415,44417,44420,44422,44424,44426],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44412,135],{"class":134},[52,44414,138],{"class":66},[52,44416,71],{"class":70},[52,44418,44419],{"class":74},"Your favorite color is",[52,44421,71],{"class":70},[52,44423,80],{"class":66},[52,44425,35284],{"class":117},[52,44427,144],{"class":66},[20,44429,577],{},[43,44431,44433],{"className":45,"code":44432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44434,44435,44448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44436,44437,44439,44441,44444,44446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44438,194],{"class":58},[52,44440,11637],{"class":62},[52,44442,44443],{"class":58}," your favorite color",[52,44445,1293],{"class":36799},[52,44447,35314],{"class":58},[52,44449,44450,44453,44455],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44451,44452],{"class":58},"Your favorite color ",[52,44454,11637],{"class":62},[52,44456,35314],{"class":58},[20,44458,19396],{},[163,44460,44461,44466,44471],{},[166,44462,44463,44464],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44465,44404],{},[166,44467,44468,44469],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44470,32322],{},[166,44472,44473],{},"That value is then printed",[44351,44475],{},[38,44477,228],{"id":227},[20,44479,6664],{},[43,44481,44483],{"className":45,"code":44482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44484,44485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44486,44487,44489,44491,44494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44488,41897],{"class":134},[52,44490,138],{"class":66},[52,44492,44493],{"class":117},"prompt",[52,44495,144],{"class":66},[20,44497,10900],{},[163,44499,44500,44504,44507],{},[166,44501,1418,44502,19478],{},[15,44503,44493],{},[166,44505,44506],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[166,44508,44509],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44511,44512],{},"Example with a prompt:",[43,44514,44516],{"className":45,"code":44515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44517,44518,44537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44519,44520,44522,44524,44526,44528,44530,44533,44535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44521,7408],{"class":58},[52,44523,63],{"class":62},[52,44525,7689],{"class":134},[52,44527,138],{"class":66},[52,44529,71],{"class":70},[52,44531,44532],{"class":74},"Enter your username: ",[52,44534,71],{"class":70},[52,44536,144],{"class":66},[52,44538,44539,44541,44543,44545],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44540,135],{"class":134},[52,44542,138],{"class":66},[52,44544,7432],{"class":117},[52,44546,144],{"class":66},[20,44548,44549],{},"Example without a prompt:",[43,44551,44553],{"className":45,"code":44552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44554,44555,44565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44556,44557,44559,44561,44563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44558,965],{"class":58},[52,44560,63],{"class":62},[52,44562,7689],{"class":134},[52,44564,121],{"class":66},[52,44566,44567,44569,44571,44573],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44568,135],{"class":134},[52,44570,138],{"class":66},[52,44572,985],{"class":117},[52,44574,144],{"class":66},[20,44576,7210,44577,44579],{},[15,44578,2396],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44351,44581],{},[38,44583,194,44585,11148],{"id":44584},"what-input-returns",[15,44586,2396],{},[20,44588,44589,7672],{},[15,44590,2396],{},[20,44592,44593],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44595,267],{},[43,44597,44599],{"className":45,"code":44598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44600,44601,44620,44630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44602,44603,44605,44607,44609,44611,44613,44616,44618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44604,21068],{"class":58},[52,44606,63],{"class":62},[52,44608,7689],{"class":134},[52,44610,138],{"class":66},[52,44612,71],{"class":70},[52,44614,44615],{"class":74},"Enter your age: ",[52,44617,71],{"class":70},[52,44619,144],{"class":66},[52,44621,44622,44624,44626,44628],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44623,135],{"class":134},[52,44625,138],{"class":66},[52,44627,8747],{"class":117},[52,44629,144],{"class":66},[52,44631,44632,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,44633,135],{"class":134},[52,44635,138],{"class":66},[52,44637,1231],{"class":600},[52,44639,138],{"class":66},[52,44641,8747],{"class":117},[52,44643,1222],{"class":66},[20,44645,577],{},[43,44647,44649],{"className":45,"code":44648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44650,44651,44661,44665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44652,44653,44656,44658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44654,44655],{"class":58},"Enter your age",[52,44657,202],{"class":66},[52,44659,44660],{"class":947}," 25\n",[52,44662,44663],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44664,2148],{"class":947},[52,44666,44667,44669,44671,44673,44675,44677],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,44668,2729],{"class":62},[52,44670,2732],{"class":1503},[52,44672,617],{"class":70},[52,44674,2882],{"class":74},[52,44676,608],{"class":70},[52,44678,2741],{"class":62},[20,44680,44681,44682,44684],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44683,8641],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44686,44687,44688,456,44692,114],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[221,44689,44690],{"href":2313},[15,44691,2316],{},[221,44693,44694],{"href":2319},[15,44695,2322],{},[20,44697,267],{},[43,44699,44701],{"className":45,"code":44700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44702,44703,44726,44736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44704,44705,44707,44709,44712,44714,44716,44718,44720,44722,44724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44706,21068],{"class":58},[52,44708,63],{"class":62},[52,44710,44711],{"class":600}," int",[52,44713,138],{"class":66},[52,44715,41897],{"class":134},[52,44717,138],{"class":66},[52,44719,71],{"class":70},[52,44721,44615],{"class":74},[52,44723,71],{"class":70},[52,44725,1222],{"class":66},[52,44727,44728,44730,44732,44734],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44729,135],{"class":134},[52,44731,138],{"class":66},[52,44733,8747],{"class":117},[52,44735,144],{"class":66},[52,44737,44738,44740,44742,44744,44746,44748],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,44739,135],{"class":134},[52,44741,138],{"class":66},[52,44743,1231],{"class":600},[52,44745,138],{"class":66},[52,44747,8747],{"class":117},[52,44749,1222],{"class":66},[20,44751,577],{},[43,44753,44755],{"className":45,"code":44754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44756,44757,44765,44769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44758,44759,44761,44763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44760,44655],{"class":58},[52,44762,202],{"class":66},[52,44764,44660],{"class":947},[52,44766,44767],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44768,2148],{"class":947},[52,44770,44771,44773,44775,44777,44779,44781],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,44772,2729],{"class":62},[52,44774,2732],{"class":1503},[52,44776,617],{"class":70},[52,44778,1626],{"class":74},[52,44780,608],{"class":70},[52,44782,2741],{"class":62},[44351,44784],{},[38,44786,44788],{"id":44787},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[699,44790,44792],{"id":44791},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[43,44794,44796],{"className":45,"code":44795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44797,44798,44817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44799,44800,44802,44804,44806,44808,44810,44813,44815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44801,7323],{"class":58},[52,44803,63],{"class":62},[52,44805,7689],{"class":134},[52,44807,138],{"class":66},[52,44809,71],{"class":70},[52,44811,44812],{"class":74},"What is your name? ",[52,44814,71],{"class":70},[52,44816,144],{"class":66},[52,44818,44819,44821,44823,44825,44828,44830,44832,44834],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44820,135],{"class":134},[52,44822,138],{"class":66},[52,44824,71],{"class":70},[52,44826,44827],{"class":74},"Hello,",[52,44829,71],{"class":70},[52,44831,80],{"class":66},[52,44833,35425],{"class":117},[52,44835,144],{"class":66},[20,44837,44838,44839,44841],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44840,7115],{}," and prints it.",[699,44843,44845,44846],{"id":44844},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44847,2316],{},[43,44849,44851],{"className":45,"code":44850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44852,44853,44876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44854,44855,44857,44859,44861,44863,44865,44867,44869,44872,44874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44856,21068],{"class":58},[52,44858,63],{"class":62},[52,44860,44711],{"class":600},[52,44862,138],{"class":66},[52,44864,41897],{"class":134},[52,44866,138],{"class":66},[52,44868,71],{"class":70},[52,44870,44871],{"class":74},"How old are you? ",[52,44873,71],{"class":70},[52,44875,1222],{"class":66},[52,44877,44878,44880,44882,44884,44887,44889,44891,44894,44896,44898],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44879,135],{"class":134},[52,44881,138],{"class":66},[52,44883,71],{"class":70},[52,44885,44886],{"class":74},"Next year you will be",[52,44888,71],{"class":70},[52,44890,80],{"class":66},[52,44892,44893],{"class":117}," age ",[52,44895,1497],{"class":62},[52,44897,4944],{"class":947},[52,44899,144],{"class":66},[20,44901,5507,44902,44904,44905,44907],{},[15,44903,2316],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44906,2396],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44909,44910,44911,114],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[221,44912,8428],{"href":8427},[699,44914,44916],{"id":44915},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[43,44918,44920],{"className":45,"code":44919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44921,44922,44946,44970,44984,44988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44923,44924,44927,44929,44931,44933,44935,44937,44939,44942,44944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44925,44926],{"class":58},"num1 ",[52,44928,63],{"class":62},[52,44930,44711],{"class":600},[52,44932,138],{"class":66},[52,44934,41897],{"class":134},[52,44936,138],{"class":66},[52,44938,71],{"class":70},[52,44940,44941],{"class":74},"Enter the first number: ",[52,44943,71],{"class":70},[52,44945,1222],{"class":66},[52,44947,44948,44951,44953,44955,44957,44959,44961,44963,44966,44968],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,44949,44950],{"class":58},"num2 ",[52,44952,63],{"class":62},[52,44954,44711],{"class":600},[52,44956,138],{"class":66},[52,44958,41897],{"class":134},[52,44960,138],{"class":66},[52,44962,71],{"class":70},[52,44964,44965],{"class":74},"Enter the second number: ",[52,44967,71],{"class":70},[52,44969,1222],{"class":66},[52,44971,44972,44974,44976,44979,44981],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,44973,40616],{"class":58},[52,44975,63],{"class":62},[52,44977,44978],{"class":58}," num1 ",[52,44980,1497],{"class":62},[52,44982,44983],{"class":58}," num2\n",[52,44985,44986],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,44987,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,44989,44990,44992,44994,44996,44999,45001,45003,45006],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,44991,135],{"class":134},[52,44993,138],{"class":66},[52,44995,71],{"class":70},[52,44997,44998],{"class":74},"Total:",[52,45000,71],{"class":70},[52,45002,80],{"class":66},[52,45004,45005],{"class":117}," total",[52,45007,144],{"class":66},[20,45009,577],{},[43,45011,45013],{"className":45,"code":45012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45014,45015,45025,45034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45016,45017,45020,45022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45018,45019],{"class":58},"Enter the first number",[52,45021,202],{"class":66},[52,45023,45024],{"class":947}," 2\n",[52,45026,45027,45030,45032],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45028,45029],{"class":58},"Enter the second number",[52,45031,202],{"class":66},[52,45033,2016],{"class":947},[52,45035,45036,45039,45041],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45037,45038],{"class":58},"Total",[52,45040,202],{"class":66},[52,45042,34274],{"class":947},[20,45044,45045],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45047,267],{},[43,45049,45051],{"className":45,"code":45050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45052,45053,45071,45089,45093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45054,45055,45057,45059,45061,45063,45065,45067,45069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45056,44926],{"class":58},[52,45058,63],{"class":62},[52,45060,7689],{"class":134},[52,45062,138],{"class":66},[52,45064,71],{"class":70},[52,45066,44941],{"class":74},[52,45068,71],{"class":70},[52,45070,144],{"class":66},[52,45072,45073,45075,45077,45079,45081,45083,45085,45087],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45074,44950],{"class":58},[52,45076,63],{"class":62},[52,45078,7689],{"class":134},[52,45080,138],{"class":66},[52,45082,71],{"class":70},[52,45084,44965],{"class":74},[52,45086,71],{"class":70},[52,45088,144],{"class":66},[52,45090,45091],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45092,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,45094,45095,45097,45099,45101,45103,45106],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45096,135],{"class":134},[52,45098,138],{"class":66},[52,45100,44926],{"class":117},[52,45102,1497],{"class":62},[52,45104,45105],{"class":117}," num2",[52,45107,144],{"class":66},[20,45109,577],{},[43,45111,45113],{"className":45,"code":45112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45114,45115,45123,45131],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45116,45117,45119,45121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45118,45019],{"class":58},[52,45120,202],{"class":66},[52,45122,45024],{"class":947},[52,45124,45125,45127,45129],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45126,45029],{"class":58},[52,45128,202],{"class":66},[52,45130,2016],{"class":947},[52,45132,45133],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45134,45135],{"class":947},"23\n",[20,45137,45138,45139,45142,45143,114],{},"That happens because ",[15,45140,45141],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45144,45145],{},"\"23\"",[44351,45147],{},[38,45149,45151],{"id":45150},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45153,45154,45155,114],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45156,2396],{},[699,45158,4147,45160,40976],{"id":45159},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45161,2396],{},[20,45163,38632],{},[43,45165,45167],{"className":45,"code":45166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45168,45169,45187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45170,45171,45173,45175,45177,45179,45181,45183,45185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45172,965],{"class":58},[52,45174,63],{"class":62},[52,45176,7689],{"class":134},[52,45178,138],{"class":66},[52,45180,71],{"class":70},[52,45182,41305],{"class":74},[52,45184,71],{"class":70},[52,45186,144],{"class":66},[52,45188,45189,45191,45193,45195,45197,45199],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45190,135],{"class":134},[52,45192,138],{"class":66},[52,45194,1231],{"class":600},[52,45196,138],{"class":66},[52,45198,985],{"class":117},[52,45200,1222],{"class":66},[20,45202,1509],{},[43,45204,45206],{"className":45,"code":45205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45207,45208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45209,45210,45212,45214,45216,45218,45220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45211,2729],{"class":62},[52,45213,2732],{"class":1503},[52,45215,617],{"class":70},[52,45217,2882],{"class":74},[52,45219,608],{"class":70},[52,45221,2741],{"class":62},[20,45223,45224],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[699,45226,45228],{"id":45227},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45230,45231],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[43,45233,45235],{"className":45,"code":45234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45236,45237,45255,45274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45238,45239,45241,45243,45245,45247,45249,45251,45253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45240,1993],{"class":58},[52,45242,63],{"class":62},[52,45244,7689],{"class":134},[52,45246,138],{"class":66},[52,45248,71],{"class":70},[52,45250,41305],{"class":74},[52,45252,71],{"class":70},[52,45254,144],{"class":66},[52,45256,45257,45259,45261,45263,45265,45267,45270,45272],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45258,2021],{"class":58},[52,45260,63],{"class":62},[52,45262,7689],{"class":134},[52,45264,138],{"class":66},[52,45266,71],{"class":70},[52,45268,45269],{"class":74},"Enter another number: ",[52,45271,71],{"class":70},[52,45273,144],{"class":66},[52,45275,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45277,135],{"class":134},[52,45279,138],{"class":66},[52,45281,1993],{"class":117},[52,45283,1497],{"class":62},[52,45285,1998],{"class":117},[52,45287,144],{"class":66},[20,45289,40554,45290,803,45292,45294,45295,18403,45298,114],{},[15,45291,1943],{},[15,45293,1131],{},", the result is ",[15,45296,45297],{},"45",[15,45299,1582],{},[699,45301,45303,45304,45306,45307],{"id":45302},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45305,40137],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45308,2316],{},[20,45310,267],{},[43,45312,45314],{"className":45,"code":45313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45315,45316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45317,45318,45320,45322,45324,45326,45328,45330,45332,45334,45336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45319,21068],{"class":58},[52,45321,63],{"class":62},[52,45323,44711],{"class":600},[52,45325,138],{"class":66},[52,45327,41897],{"class":134},[52,45329,138],{"class":66},[52,45331,71],{"class":70},[52,45333,44615],{"class":74},[52,45335,71],{"class":70},[52,45337,1222],{"class":66},[20,45339,7718,45340,45343,45344,114],{},[15,45341,45342],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45345,40137],{},[20,45347,45348,45349,114],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[221,45350,45352],{"href":45351},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[699,45354,45356],{"id":45355},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45358,45359],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[43,45361,45363],{"className":45,"code":45362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45364,45365,45383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45366,45367,45369,45371,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45368,7323],{"class":58},[52,45370,63],{"class":62},[52,45372,7689],{"class":134},[52,45374,138],{"class":66},[52,45376,71],{"class":70},[52,45378,44321],{"class":74},[52,45380,71],{"class":70},[52,45382,144],{"class":66},[52,45384,45385,45387,45389,45391,45393,45395],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45386,135],{"class":134},[52,45388,138],{"class":66},[52,45390,41213],{"class":134},[52,45392,138],{"class":66},[52,45394,7115],{"class":117},[52,45396,1222],{"class":66},[20,45398,45399],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45401,45402,45403,202],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45404,45405],{},".strip()",[43,45407,45409],{"className":45,"code":45408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45410,45411,45433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45412,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45414,7323],{"class":58},[52,45416,63],{"class":62},[52,45418,7689],{"class":134},[52,45420,138],{"class":66},[52,45422,71],{"class":70},[52,45424,44321],{"class":74},[52,45426,71],{"class":70},[52,45428,8078],{"class":66},[52,45430,8081],{"class":117},[52,45432,121],{"class":66},[52,45434,45435,45437,45439,45441],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45436,135],{"class":134},[52,45438,138],{"class":66},[52,45440,7115],{"class":117},[52,45442,144],{"class":66},[44351,45444],{},[38,45446,45448],{"id":45447},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45450,45451,45452,45454],{},"These habits make ",[15,45453,2396],{}," easier and safer to use.",[163,45456,45457,45460,45465,45468],{},[166,45458,45459],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[166,45461,799,45462,45464],{},[15,45463,45405],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[166,45466,45467],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[166,45469,799,45470,45472],{},[15,45471,29215],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45474,45475,45476,202],{},"Example with ",[15,45477,45405],{},[43,45479,45481],{"className":45,"code":45480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45482,45483,45507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45484,45485,45488,45490,45492,45494,45496,45499,45501,45503,45505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45486,45487],{"class":58},"city ",[52,45489,63],{"class":62},[52,45491,7689],{"class":134},[52,45493,138],{"class":66},[52,45495,71],{"class":70},[52,45497,45498],{"class":74},"Enter your city: ",[52,45500,71],{"class":70},[52,45502,8078],{"class":66},[52,45504,8081],{"class":117},[52,45506,121],{"class":66},[52,45508,45509,45511,45513,45515,45518,45520,45522,45524],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45510,135],{"class":134},[52,45512,138],{"class":66},[52,45514,71],{"class":70},[52,45516,45517],{"class":74},"City:",[52,45519,71],{"class":70},[52,45521,80],{"class":66},[52,45523,30815],{"class":117},[52,45525,144],{"class":66},[20,45527,45475,45528,202],{},[15,45529,29215],{},[43,45531,45533],{"className":45,"code":45532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45534,45535,45541,45564,45596,45604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45536,45537,45539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45538,802],{"class":731},[52,45540,737],{"class":66},[52,45542,45543,45546,45548,45550,45552,45554,45556,45558,45560,45562],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45544,45545],{"class":58},"    age ",[52,45547,63],{"class":62},[52,45549,44711],{"class":600},[52,45551,138],{"class":66},[52,45553,41897],{"class":134},[52,45555,138],{"class":66},[52,45557,71],{"class":70},[52,45559,44615],{"class":74},[52,45561,71],{"class":70},[52,45563,1222],{"class":66},[52,45565,45566,45568,45570,45572,45575,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45587,45589,45592,45594],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45567,757],{"class":134},[52,45569,138],{"class":66},[52,45571,71],{"class":70},[52,45573,45574],{"class":74},"You will be",[52,45576,71],{"class":70},[52,45578,80],{"class":66},[52,45580,44893],{"class":117},[52,45582,1497],{"class":62},[52,45584,4944],{"class":947},[52,45586,80],{"class":66},[52,45588,83],{"class":70},[52,45590,45591],{"class":74},"next year",[52,45593,71],{"class":70},[52,45595,144],{"class":66},[52,45597,45598,45600,45602],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45599,806],{"class":731},[52,45601,41360],{"class":600},[52,45603,737],{"class":66},[52,45605,45606,45608,45610,45612,45615,45617],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,45607,757],{"class":134},[52,45609,138],{"class":66},[52,45611,71],{"class":70},[52,45613,45614],{"class":74},"Please enter a whole number.",[52,45616,71],{"class":70},[52,45618,144],{"class":66},[20,45620,45621],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45623,45624,45625,114],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[221,45626,45628],{"href":45627},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44351,45630],{},[38,45632,1158],{"id":1157},[20,45634,45635,45636,202],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45637,2396],{},[163,45639,45640,45647,45650,45653],{},[166,45641,45642,45643,456,45645],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45644,2316],{},[15,45646,2322],{},[166,45648,45649],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[166,45651,45652],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[166,45654,45655],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45657,31513],{},[43,45659,45661],{"className":45,"code":45660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45662,45663,45673,45687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45664,45665,45667,45669,45671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45666,135],{"class":134},[52,45668,138],{"class":66},[52,45670,985],{"class":117},[52,45672,144],{"class":66},[52,45674,45675,45677,45679,45681,45683,45685],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45676,135],{"class":134},[52,45678,138],{"class":66},[52,45680,1231],{"class":600},[52,45682,138],{"class":66},[52,45684,985],{"class":117},[52,45686,1222],{"class":66},[52,45688,45689,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45690,135],{"class":134},[52,45692,138],{"class":66},[52,45694,41213],{"class":134},[52,45696,138],{"class":66},[52,45698,985],{"class":117},[52,45700,1222],{"class":66},[20,45702,45703,45704,45706],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45705,2396],{}," actually returned:",[163,45708,45709,45714,45719],{},[166,45710,45711,45713],{},[15,45712,41261],{}," shows the value",[166,45715,45716,45718],{},[15,45717,41267],{}," shows the data type",[166,45720,45721,45723],{},[15,45722,41272],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45725,267],{},[43,45727,45729],{"className":45,"code":45728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45730,45731,45750,45760,45774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45732,45733,45735,45737,45739,45741,45743,45746,45748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45734,965],{"class":58},[52,45736,63],{"class":62},[52,45738,7689],{"class":134},[52,45740,138],{"class":66},[52,45742,71],{"class":70},[52,45744,45745],{"class":74},"Enter something: ",[52,45747,71],{"class":70},[52,45749,144],{"class":66},[52,45751,45752,45754,45756,45758],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,45753,135],{"class":134},[52,45755,138],{"class":66},[52,45757,985],{"class":117},[52,45759,144],{"class":66},[52,45761,45762,45764,45766,45768,45770,45772],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,45763,135],{"class":134},[52,45765,138],{"class":66},[52,45767,1231],{"class":600},[52,45769,138],{"class":66},[52,45771,985],{"class":117},[52,45773,1222],{"class":66},[52,45775,45776,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,45777,135],{"class":134},[52,45779,138],{"class":66},[52,45781,41213],{"class":134},[52,45783,138],{"class":66},[52,45785,985],{"class":117},[52,45787,1222],{"class":66},[44351,45789],{},[38,45791,1273],{"id":1272},[699,45793,1277,45795,45797],{"id":45794},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45796,2396],{}," return an integer?",[20,45799,45800,45801,45803,45804,39362],{},"No. ",[15,45802,2396],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45805,2316],{},[699,45807,45809,45810,1293],{"id":45808},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45811,2396],{},[20,45813,45814,45815,45817],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45816,2396],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[699,45819,4602,45821,45824,45825,1293],{"id":45820},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45822,45823],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45826,2396],{},[20,45828,28496,45829,45831,45832,41589,45834,45836],{},[15,45830,2396],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45833,45141],{},[15,45835,45145],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[699,45838,45840],{"id":45839},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45842,799,45843,45845,45846,114],{},[15,45844,45405],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45847,45848],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44351,45850],{},[38,45852,1332],{"id":1331},[163,45854,45855,45860,45864,45870,45876,45880],{},[166,45856,45857],{},[221,45858,45859],{"href":45627},"How to get user input in Python",[166,45861,45862],{},[221,45863,8505],{"href":8427},[166,45865,45866],{},[221,45867,3015,45868,2948],{"href":2313},[15,45869,2316],{},[166,45871,45872],{},[221,45873,3015,45874,2948],{"href":2319},[15,45875,2322],{},[166,45877,45878],{},[221,45879,45352],{"href":45351},[166,45881,45882],{},[221,45883,3015,45885,2948],{"href":45884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45886,45887],{},"print()",[1364,45889,45890],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":45892},[45893,45894,45896,45897,45899,45905,45913,45914,45915,45924],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":44355,"depth":103,"text":45895},"What input() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":44584,"depth":103,"text":45898},"What input() returns",{"id":44787,"depth":103,"text":44788,"children":45900},[45901,45902,45904],{"id":44791,"depth":124,"text":44792},{"id":44844,"depth":124,"text":45903},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44915,"depth":124,"text":44916},{"id":45150,"depth":103,"text":45151,"children":45906},[45907,45909,45910,45912],{"id":45159,"depth":124,"text":45908},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45227,"depth":124,"text":45228},{"id":45302,"depth":124,"text":45911},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45355,"depth":124,"text":45356},{"id":45447,"depth":103,"text":45448},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":45916},[45917,45919,45921,45923],{"id":45794,"depth":124,"text":45918},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45808,"depth":124,"text":45920},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45820,"depth":124,"text":45922},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45839,"depth":124,"text":45840},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41628,"description":45925},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45932,"title":41530,"body":45933,"description":48246,"extension":1401,"meta":48247,"navigation":127,"path":48248,"seo":48249,"stem":48250,"__hash__":48251},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45934,"toc":48198},[45935,45940,45945,45950,45971,45974,45976,46036,46038,46057,46062,46067,46072,46074,46087,46089,46172,46174,46215,46221,46223,46253,46259,46262,46279,46281,46333,46335,46353,46359,46365,46368,46386,46388,46461,46463,46482,46489,46495,46500,46503,46563,46565,46584,46587,46590,46605,46611,46615,46676,46678,46699,46703,46832,46834,46964,46974,46980,46986,46994,47060,47062,47087,47090,47107,47120,47126,47129,47162,47164,47177,47180,47223,47225,47233,47240,47244,47251,47255,47282,47284,47292,47298,47315,47320,47324,47351,47353,47361,47365,47370,47373,47399,47402,47411,47419,47423,47433,47437,47440,47442,47493,47495,47525,47535,47562,47564,47572,47582,47586,47589,47591,47639,47641,47685,47691,47742,47744,47763,47768,47773,47776,47795,47798,47850,47852,47861,47863,47867,47871,47874,47883,47890,47892,47919,47923,47925,47934,47937,47944,47950,48010,48014,48016,48024,48027,48053,48059,48062,48082,48084,48093,48101,48103,48109,48114,48121,48131,48137,48145,48149,48152,48154,48195],[10,45936,3015,45938,3019],{"id":45937},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45939,2316],{},[20,45941,31748,45942,45944],{},[15,45943,2316],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45946,34838,45947,45949],{},[15,45948,2316],{}," when they want to:",[163,45951,45952,45962,45965,45968],{},[166,45953,45954,45955,45958,45959],{},"turn text like ",[15,45956,45957],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45960,45961],{},"42",[166,45963,45964],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[166,45966,45967],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[166,45969,45970],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45972,45973],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[38,45975,41],{"id":40},[43,45977,45979],{"className":45,"code":45978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45980,45981,45999,46013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45982,45983,45985,45987,45989,45991,45993,45995,45997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45984,135],{"class":134},[52,45986,138],{"class":66},[52,45988,1626],{"class":600},[52,45990,138],{"class":66},[52,45992,71],{"class":70},[52,45994,45961],{"class":74},[52,45996,71],{"class":70},[52,45998,1222],{"class":66},[52,46000,46001,46003,46005,46007,46009,46011],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46002,135],{"class":134},[52,46004,138],{"class":66},[52,46006,1626],{"class":600},[52,46008,138],{"class":66},[52,46010,41418],{"class":947},[52,46012,1222],{"class":66},[52,46014,46015,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025,46028,46030,46032,46034],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46016,135],{"class":134},[52,46018,138],{"class":66},[52,46020,1626],{"class":600},[52,46022,138],{"class":66},[52,46024,71],{"class":70},[52,46026,46027],{"class":74},"101",[52,46029,71],{"class":70},[52,46031,80],{"class":66},[52,46033,953],{"class":947},[52,46035,1222],{"class":66},[20,46037,1509],{},[43,46039,46041],{"className":45,"code":46040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46042,46043,46048,46053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46044,46045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46046,46047],{"class":947},"42\n",[52,46049,46050],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46051,46052],{"class":947},"3\n",[52,46054,46055],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46056,2385],{"class":947},[20,46058,799,46059,46061],{},[15,46060,2316],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[38,46063,194,46065,197],{"id":46064},"what-int-does",[15,46066,2316],{},[20,46068,46069,46071],{},[15,46070,2316],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46073,247],{},[163,46075,46076,46081,46084],{},[166,46077,46078,46079,6786],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46080,1626],{},[166,46082,46083],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[166,46085,46086],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46088,267],{},[43,46090,46092],{"className":45,"code":46091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46093,46094,46106,46120,46124,46134,46144,46158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46095,46096,46098,46100,46102,46104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46097,34120],{"class":58},[52,46099,63],{"class":62},[52,46101,83],{"class":70},[52,46103,8641],{"class":74},[52,46105,2797],{"class":70},[52,46107,46108,46110,46112,46114,46116,46118],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46109,1655],{"class":58},[52,46111,63],{"class":62},[52,46113,44711],{"class":600},[52,46115,138],{"class":66},[52,46117,34141],{"class":117},[52,46119,144],{"class":66},[52,46121,46122],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46123,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,46125,46126,46128,46130,46132],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46127,135],{"class":134},[52,46129,138],{"class":66},[52,46131,34141],{"class":117},[52,46133,144],{"class":66},[52,46135,46136,46138,46140,46142],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,46137,135],{"class":134},[52,46139,138],{"class":66},[52,46141,1678],{"class":117},[52,46143,144],{"class":66},[52,46145,46146,46148,46150,46152,46154,46156],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,46147,135],{"class":134},[52,46149,138],{"class":66},[52,46151,1231],{"class":600},[52,46153,138],{"class":66},[52,46155,34141],{"class":117},[52,46157,1222],{"class":66},[52,46159,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168,46170],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,46161,135],{"class":134},[52,46163,138],{"class":66},[52,46165,1231],{"class":600},[52,46167,138],{"class":66},[52,46169,1678],{"class":117},[52,46171,1222],{"class":66},[20,46173,1509],{},[43,46175,46177],{"className":45,"code":46176,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46178,46179,46183,46187,46201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46180,46181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46182,2148],{"class":947},[52,46184,46185],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46186,2148],{"class":947},[52,46188,46189,46191,46193,46195,46197,46199],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46190,2729],{"class":62},[52,46192,2732],{"class":1503},[52,46194,617],{"class":70},[52,46196,2882],{"class":74},[52,46198,608],{"class":70},[52,46200,2741],{"class":62},[52,46202,46203,46205,46207,46209,46211,46213],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46204,2729],{"class":62},[52,46206,2732],{"class":1503},[52,46208,617],{"class":70},[52,46210,1626],{"class":74},[52,46212,608],{"class":70},[52,46214,2741],{"class":62},[20,46216,46217,46218,46220],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46219,2316],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[38,46222,228],{"id":227},[43,46224,46226],{"className":45,"code":46225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46227,46228,46238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46229,46230,46232,46234,46236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46231,1626],{"class":600},[52,46233,138],{"class":66},[52,46235,1611],{"class":117},[52,46237,144],{"class":66},[52,46239,46240,46242,46244,46246,46248,46251],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46241,1626],{"class":600},[52,46243,138],{"class":66},[52,46245,1611],{"class":117},[52,46247,80],{"class":66},[52,46249,46250],{"class":117}," base",[52,46252,144],{"class":66},[699,46254,46256],{"id":46255},"intx",[15,46257,46258],{},"int(x)",[20,46260,46261],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[163,46263,46264,46269,46274],{},[166,46265,46266,46267],{},"a string such as ",[15,46268,41560],{},[166,46270,46271,46272],{},"a float such as ",[15,46273,41418],{},[166,46275,46276,46277],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46278,3044],{},[20,46280,267],{},[43,46282,46284],{"className":45,"code":46283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46285,46286,46304,46319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46287,46288,46290,46292,46294,46296,46298,46300,46302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46289,135],{"class":134},[52,46291,138],{"class":66},[52,46293,1626],{"class":600},[52,46295,138],{"class":66},[52,46297,71],{"class":70},[52,46299,1770],{"class":74},[52,46301,71],{"class":70},[52,46303,1222],{"class":66},[52,46305,46306,46308,46310,46312,46314,46317],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46307,135],{"class":134},[52,46309,138],{"class":66},[52,46311,1626],{"class":600},[52,46313,138],{"class":66},[52,46315,46316],{"class":947},"8.7",[52,46318,1222],{"class":66},[52,46320,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46322,135],{"class":134},[52,46324,138],{"class":66},[52,46326,1626],{"class":600},[52,46328,138],{"class":66},[52,46330,3044],{"class":3295},[52,46332,1222],{"class":66},[20,46334,1509],{},[43,46336,46338],{"className":45,"code":46337,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46339,46340,46344,46348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46341,46342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46343,1816],{"class":947},[52,46345,46346],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46347,1821],{"class":947},[52,46349,46350],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46351,46352],{"class":947},"1\n",[699,46354,46356],{"id":46355},"intx-base",[15,46357,46358],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46360,46361,46362,46364],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46363,1611],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46366,46367],{},"Common bases:",[163,46369,46370,46375,46380],{},[166,46371,46372,46374],{},[15,46373,1047],{}," for binary",[166,46376,46377,46379],{},[15,46378,1785],{}," for octal",[166,46381,46382,46385],{},[15,46383,46384],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46387,267],{},[43,46389,46391],{"className":45,"code":46390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46392,46393,46415,46438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46394,46395,46397,46399,46401,46403,46405,46407,46409,46411,46413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46396,135],{"class":134},[52,46398,138],{"class":66},[52,46400,1626],{"class":600},[52,46402,138],{"class":66},[52,46404,71],{"class":70},[52,46406,46027],{"class":74},[52,46408,71],{"class":70},[52,46410,80],{"class":66},[52,46412,953],{"class":947},[52,46414,1222],{"class":66},[52,46416,46417,46419,46421,46423,46425,46427,46430,46432,46434,46436],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46418,135],{"class":134},[52,46420,138],{"class":66},[52,46422,1626],{"class":600},[52,46424,138],{"class":66},[52,46426,71],{"class":70},[52,46428,46429],{"class":74},"17",[52,46431,71],{"class":70},[52,46433,80],{"class":66},[52,46435,5806],{"class":947},[52,46437,1222],{"class":66},[52,46439,46440,46442,46444,46446,46448,46450,46453,46455,46457,46459],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46441,135],{"class":134},[52,46443,138],{"class":66},[52,46445,1626],{"class":600},[52,46447,138],{"class":66},[52,46449,71],{"class":70},[52,46451,46452],{"class":74},"1A",[52,46454,71],{"class":70},[52,46456,80],{"class":66},[52,46458,13427],{"class":947},[52,46460,1222],{"class":66},[20,46462,1509],{},[43,46464,46466],{"className":45,"code":46465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46467,46468,46472,46477],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46469,46470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46471,2385],{"class":947},[52,46473,46474],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46475,46476],{"class":947},"15\n",[52,46478,46479],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46480,46481],{"class":947},"26\n",[20,46483,46484,46485,114],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[221,46486,46487,1742],{"href":2319},[15,46488,2322],{},[38,46490,1185,46492,46494],{"id":46491},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46493,2316],{}," with strings",[20,46496,46497,46499],{},[15,46498,2316],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46501,46502],{},"Examples that work:",[43,46504,46506],{"className":45,"code":46505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46507,46508,46526,46544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46509,46510,46512,46514,46516,46518,46520,46522,46524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46511,135],{"class":134},[52,46513,138],{"class":66},[52,46515,1626],{"class":600},[52,46517,138],{"class":66},[52,46519,71],{"class":70},[52,46521,1131],{"class":74},[52,46523,71],{"class":70},[52,46525,1222],{"class":66},[52,46527,46528,46530,46532,46534,46536,46538,46540,46542],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46529,135],{"class":134},[52,46531,138],{"class":66},[52,46533,1626],{"class":600},[52,46535,138],{"class":66},[52,46537,71],{"class":70},[52,46539,1731],{"class":74},[52,46541,71],{"class":70},[52,46543,1222],{"class":66},[52,46545,46546,46548,46550,46552,46554,46556,46559,46561],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46547,135],{"class":134},[52,46549,138],{"class":66},[52,46551,1626],{"class":600},[52,46553,138],{"class":66},[52,46555,71],{"class":70},[52,46557,46558],{"class":74},"  42  ",[52,46560,71],{"class":70},[52,46562,1222],{"class":66},[20,46564,1509],{},[43,46566,46568],{"className":45,"code":46567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46569,46570,46574,46580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46571,46572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46573,2385],{"class":947},[52,46575,46576,46578],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46577,1460],{"class":62},[52,46579,1663],{"class":947},[52,46581,46582],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46583,46047],{"class":947},[20,46585,46586],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46588,46589],{},"Examples that fail:",[43,46591,46593],{"className":45,"code":46592,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46594,46595,46600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46596,46597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46598,46599],{"class":3105},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[52,46601,46602],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46603,46604],{"class":3105},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46606,46607,46608,46610],{},"These raise ",[15,46609,40137],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[699,46612,46614],{"id":46613},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[43,46616,46618],{"className":45,"code":46617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46619,46620,46638,46657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46621,46622,46624,46626,46628,46630,46632,46634,46636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46623,135],{"class":134},[52,46625,138],{"class":66},[52,46627,1626],{"class":600},[52,46629,138],{"class":66},[52,46631,71],{"class":70},[52,46633,1558],{"class":74},[52,46635,71],{"class":70},[52,46637,1222],{"class":66},[52,46639,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650,46653,46655],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46641,135],{"class":134},[52,46643,138],{"class":66},[52,46645,1626],{"class":600},[52,46647,138],{"class":66},[52,46649,71],{"class":70},[52,46651,46652],{"class":74},"+7",[52,46654,71],{"class":70},[52,46656,1222],{"class":66},[52,46658,46659,46661,46663,46665,46667,46669,46672,46674],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46660,135],{"class":134},[52,46662,138],{"class":66},[52,46664,1626],{"class":600},[52,46666,138],{"class":66},[52,46668,71],{"class":70},[52,46670,46671],{"class":74},"-100",[52,46673,71],{"class":70},[52,46675,1222],{"class":66},[20,46677,1509],{},[43,46679,46681],{"className":45,"code":46680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46682,46683,46688,46692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46684,46685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46686,46687],{"class":947},"0\n",[52,46689,46690],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46691,1519],{"class":947},[52,46693,46694,46696],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46695,1460],{"class":62},[52,46697,46698],{"class":947},"100\n",[699,46700,46702],{"id":46701},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[43,46704,46706],{"className":45,"code":46705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46707,46708,46746,46750,46762,46769,46784,46799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46709,46710,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46729,46731,46733,46735,46737,46739,46742,46744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46711,3265],{"class":58},[52,46713,63],{"class":62},[52,46715,3063],{"class":66},[52,46717,71],{"class":70},[52,46719,39576],{"class":74},[52,46721,71],{"class":70},[52,46723,80],{"class":66},[52,46725,83],{"class":70},[52,46727,46728],{"class":74},"12abc",[52,46730,71],{"class":70},[52,46732,80],{"class":66},[52,46734,5573],{"class":70},[52,46736,80],{"class":66},[52,46738,83],{"class":70},[52,46740,46741],{"class":74},"seven",[52,46743,71],{"class":70},[52,46745,3076],{"class":66},[52,46747,46748],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46749,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,46751,46752,46754,46756,46758,46760],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46753,5405],{"class":731},[52,46755,21024],{"class":58},[52,46757,3326],{"class":731},[52,46759,3329],{"class":58},[52,46761,737],{"class":66},[52,46763,46764,46767],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46765,46766],{"class":731},"    try",[52,46768,737],{"class":66},[52,46770,46771,46774,46776,46778,46780,46782],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,46772,46773],{"class":134},"        print",[52,46775,138],{"class":66},[52,46777,1626],{"class":600},[52,46779,138],{"class":66},[52,46781,985],{"class":117},[52,46783,1222],{"class":66},[52,46785,46786,46789,46791,46794,46797],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,46787,46788],{"class":731},"    except",[52,46790,41360],{"class":600},[52,46792,46793],{"class":731}," as",[52,46795,46796],{"class":58}," error",[52,46798,737],{"class":66},[52,46800,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46816,46818,46821,46823,46826,46828,46830],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,46802,46773],{"class":134},[52,46804,138],{"class":66},[52,46806,21734],{"class":1503},[52,46808,71],{"class":74},[52,46810,8726],{"class":947},[52,46812,985],{"class":117},[52,46814,46815],{"class":1503},"!r",[52,46817,21743],{"class":947},[52,46819,46820],{"class":74}," -> ",[52,46822,8726],{"class":947},[52,46824,46825],{"class":117},"error",[52,46827,21743],{"class":947},[52,46829,71],{"class":74},[52,46831,144],{"class":66},[20,46833,1509],{},[43,46835,46837],{"className":45,"code":46836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46838,46839,46875,46907,46932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46840,46841,46843,46845,46847,46850,46853,46855,46857,46859,46862,46865,46867,46869,46871,46873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46842,608],{"class":42763},[52,46844,39576],{"class":42767},[52,46846,608],{"class":42763},[52,46848,46849],{"class":36799}," ->",[52,46851,46852],{"class":58}," invalid literal ",[52,46854,5405],{"class":731},[52,46856,44711],{"class":600},[52,46858,6812],{"class":66},[52,46860,46861],{"class":731}," with",[52,46863,46864],{"class":58}," base ",[52,46866,1770],{"class":947},[52,46868,202],{"class":66},[52,46870,617],{"class":70},[52,46872,39576],{"class":74},[52,46874,689],{"class":70},[52,46876,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46899,46901,46903,46905],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,46878,608],{"class":70},[52,46880,46728],{"class":74},[52,46882,608],{"class":70},[52,46884,46849],{"class":36799},[52,46886,46852],{"class":58},[52,46888,5405],{"class":731},[52,46890,44711],{"class":600},[52,46892,6812],{"class":66},[52,46894,46861],{"class":731},[52,46896,46864],{"class":58},[52,46898,1770],{"class":947},[52,46900,202],{"class":66},[52,46902,617],{"class":70},[52,46904,46728],{"class":74},[52,46906,689],{"class":70},[52,46908,46909,46911,46913,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923,46925,46927,46929],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,46910,3215],{"class":70},[52,46912,46849],{"class":36799},[52,46914,46852],{"class":58},[52,46916,5405],{"class":731},[52,46918,44711],{"class":600},[52,46920,6812],{"class":66},[52,46922,46861],{"class":731},[52,46924,46864],{"class":58},[52,46926,1770],{"class":947},[52,46928,202],{"class":66},[52,46930,46931],{"class":70}," ''\n",[52,46933,46934,46936,46938,46940,46942,46944,46946,46948,46950,46952,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,46935,608],{"class":70},[52,46937,46741],{"class":74},[52,46939,608],{"class":70},[52,46941,46849],{"class":36799},[52,46943,46852],{"class":58},[52,46945,5405],{"class":731},[52,46947,44711],{"class":600},[52,46949,6812],{"class":66},[52,46951,46861],{"class":731},[52,46953,46864],{"class":58},[52,46955,1770],{"class":947},[52,46957,202],{"class":66},[52,46959,617],{"class":70},[52,46961,46741],{"class":74},[52,46963,689],{"class":70},[20,46965,46966,46967,46969,46970,114],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[221,46968,8428],{"href":8427}," and the ",[221,46971,46972,1742],{"href":7666},[15,46973,2396],{},[38,46975,1185,46977,46979],{"id":46976},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46978,2316],{}," with floats",[20,46981,46982,46983,46985],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46984,2316],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46987,46988,46989,13493,46991,46993],{},"Important: ",[15,46990,2316],{},[30,46992,32],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[43,46995,46997],{"className":45,"code":46996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46998,46999,47013,47028,47044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47000,47001,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47002,135],{"class":134},[52,47004,138],{"class":66},[52,47006,1626],{"class":600},[52,47008,138],{"class":66},[52,47010,41418],{"class":947},[52,47012,1222],{"class":66},[52,47014,47015,47017,47019,47021,47023,47026],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47016,135],{"class":134},[52,47018,138],{"class":66},[52,47020,1626],{"class":600},[52,47022,138],{"class":66},[52,47024,47025],{"class":947},"3.1",[52,47027,1222],{"class":66},[52,47029,47030,47032,47034,47036,47038,47040,47042],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47031,135],{"class":134},[52,47033,138],{"class":66},[52,47035,1626],{"class":600},[52,47037,138],{"class":66},[52,47039,1460],{"class":62},[52,47041,41418],{"class":947},[52,47043,1222],{"class":66},[52,47045,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47047,135],{"class":134},[52,47049,138],{"class":66},[52,47051,1626],{"class":600},[52,47053,138],{"class":66},[52,47055,1460],{"class":62},[52,47057,47025],{"class":947},[52,47059,1222],{"class":66},[20,47061,1509],{},[43,47063,47065],{"className":45,"code":47064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47066,47067,47071,47075,47081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47068,47069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47070,46052],{"class":947},[52,47072,47073],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47074,46052],{"class":947},[52,47076,47077,47079],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47078,1460],{"class":62},[52,47080,46052],{"class":947},[52,47082,47083,47085],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47084,1460],{"class":62},[52,47086,46052],{"class":947},[20,47088,47089],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[163,47091,47092,47099],{},[166,47093,47094,41589,47097],{},[15,47095,47096],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47098,1500],{},[166,47100,47101,41589,47104],{},[15,47102,47103],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47105,47106],{},"-3",[20,47108,47109,47110,47114,47115,114],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[221,47111,47112],{"href":2319},[15,47113,2322],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[221,47116,47117],{"href":41609},[15,47118,47119],{},"str()",[38,47121,1185,47123,47125],{"id":47122},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47124,2316],{}," with booleans",[20,47127,47128],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[43,47130,47132],{"className":45,"code":47131,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47133,47134,47148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47137,135],{"class":134},[52,47139,138],{"class":66},[52,47141,1626],{"class":600},[52,47143,138],{"class":66},[52,47145,3044],{"class":3295},[52,47147,1222],{"class":66},[52,47149,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47151,135],{"class":134},[52,47153,138],{"class":66},[52,47155,1626],{"class":600},[52,47157,138],{"class":66},[52,47159,3116],{"class":3295},[52,47161,1222],{"class":66},[20,47163,1509],{},[43,47165,47167],{"className":45,"code":47166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n0\n",[15,47168,47169,47173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47170,47171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47172,46352],{"class":947},[52,47174,47175],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47176,46687],{"class":947},[20,47178,47179],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[43,47181,47183],{"className":45,"code":47182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47184,47185,47194,47209,47213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47186,47187,47190,47192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47188,47189],{"class":58},"passed ",[52,47191,63],{"class":62},[52,47193,5868],{"class":3295},[52,47195,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204,47207],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47197,40616],{"class":58},[52,47199,63],{"class":62},[52,47201,44711],{"class":600},[52,47203,138],{"class":66},[52,47205,47206],{"class":117},"passed",[52,47208,144],{"class":66},[52,47210,47211],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47212,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,47214,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47216,135],{"class":134},[52,47218,138],{"class":66},[52,47220,40645],{"class":117},[52,47222,144],{"class":66},[20,47224,1509],{},[43,47226,47227],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47228,47229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47230,47231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47232,46352],{"class":947},[20,47234,47235,47236,114],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[221,47237,47238,1742],{"href":5227},[15,47239,3255],{},[38,47241,47243],{"id":47242},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47245,47246,47247,47250],{},"Use the ",[15,47248,47249],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[699,47252,47254],{"id":47253},"binary-example","Binary example",[43,47256,47258],{"className":45,"code":47257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47259,47260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47261,47262,47264,47266,47268,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47263,135],{"class":134},[52,47265,138],{"class":66},[52,47267,1626],{"class":600},[52,47269,138],{"class":66},[52,47271,71],{"class":70},[52,47273,46027],{"class":74},[52,47275,71],{"class":70},[52,47277,80],{"class":66},[52,47279,953],{"class":947},[52,47281,1222],{"class":66},[20,47283,1509],{},[43,47285,47286],{"className":45,"code":2385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47287,47288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47289,47290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47291,2385],{"class":947},[20,47293,47294,47297],{},[15,47295,47296],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[163,47299,47300,47305,47310],{},[166,47301,47302],{},[15,47303,47304],{},"1 × 4",[166,47306,47307],{},[15,47308,47309],{},"0 × 2",[166,47311,47312],{},[15,47313,47314],{},"1 × 1",[20,47316,47317,47318,114],{},"So the result is ",[15,47319,1131],{},[699,47321,47323],{"id":47322},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[43,47325,47327],{"className":45,"code":47326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47328,47329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47330,47331,47333,47335,47337,47339,47341,47343,47345,47347,47349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47332,135],{"class":134},[52,47334,138],{"class":66},[52,47336,1626],{"class":600},[52,47338,138],{"class":66},[52,47340,71],{"class":70},[52,47342,46452],{"class":74},[52,47344,71],{"class":70},[52,47346,80],{"class":66},[52,47348,13427],{"class":947},[52,47350,1222],{"class":66},[20,47352,1509],{},[43,47354,47355],{"className":45,"code":46481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47356,47357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47358,47359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47360,46481],{"class":947},[699,47362,47364],{"id":47363},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47366,1418,47367,47369],{},[15,47368,47249],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47371,47372],{},"Good:",[43,47374,47375],{"className":45,"code":47257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47376,47377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47378,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391,47393,47395,47397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47380,135],{"class":134},[52,47382,138],{"class":66},[52,47384,1626],{"class":600},[52,47386,138],{"class":66},[52,47388,71],{"class":70},[52,47390,46027],{"class":74},[52,47392,71],{"class":70},[52,47394,80],{"class":66},[52,47396,953],{"class":947},[52,47398,1222],{"class":66},[20,47400,47401],{},"Not correct:",[43,47403,47405],{"className":45,"code":47404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47406,47407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47408,47409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47410,47404],{"class":3105},[20,47412,47413,47414,8048,47416,47418],{},"That causes a ",[15,47415,2443],{},[15,47417,47249],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[38,47420,47422],{"id":47421},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47424,47425,47426,47428,47429,803,47431,114],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47427,2316],{}," are ",[15,47430,40137],{},[15,47432,2443],{},[699,47434,47435],{"id":40947},[15,47436,40137],{},[20,47438,47439],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47441,267],{},[43,47443,47445],{"className":45,"code":47444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47446,47447,47453,47471,47483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47448,47449,47451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47450,802],{"class":731},[52,47452,737],{"class":66},[52,47454,47455,47457,47459,47461,47463,47465,47467,47469],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47456,757],{"class":134},[52,47458,138],{"class":66},[52,47460,1626],{"class":600},[52,47462,138],{"class":66},[52,47464,71],{"class":70},[52,47466,39576],{"class":74},[52,47468,71],{"class":70},[52,47470,1222],{"class":66},[52,47472,47473,47475,47477,47479,47481],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47474,806],{"class":731},[52,47476,41360],{"class":600},[52,47478,46793],{"class":731},[52,47480,46796],{"class":58},[52,47482,737],{"class":66},[52,47484,47485,47487,47489,47491],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47486,757],{"class":134},[52,47488,138],{"class":66},[52,47490,46825],{"class":117},[52,47492,144],{"class":66},[20,47494,1509],{},[43,47496,47498],{"className":45,"code":47497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47499,47500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47501,47502,47505,47507,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521,47523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47503,47504],{"class":58},"invalid literal ",[52,47506,5405],{"class":731},[52,47508,44711],{"class":600},[52,47510,6812],{"class":66},[52,47512,46861],{"class":731},[52,47514,46864],{"class":58},[52,47516,1770],{"class":947},[52,47518,202],{"class":66},[52,47520,617],{"class":70},[52,47522,39576],{"class":74},[52,47524,689],{"class":70},[20,47526,47527,47528,47531,47532,47534],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47529,47530],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47533,2316],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[43,47536,47538],{"className":45,"code":47537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47539,47540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47541,47542,47544,47546,47548,47550,47552,47554,47556,47558,47560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47543,135],{"class":134},[52,47545,138],{"class":66},[52,47547,1626],{"class":600},[52,47549,138],{"class":66},[52,47551,1630],{"class":600},[52,47553,138],{"class":66},[52,47555,71],{"class":70},[52,47557,39576],{"class":74},[52,47559,71],{"class":70},[52,47561,2350],{"class":66},[20,47563,1509],{},[43,47565,47566],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47567,47568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47569,47570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47571,46052],{"class":947},[20,47573,47574,47575,803,47578,114],{},"If you see this often, read ",[221,47576,47577],{"href":2400},"how to convert string to int in Python",[221,47579,25120,47580],{"href":45351},[15,47581,45352],{},[699,47583,47584],{"id":41013},[15,47585,2443],{},[20,47587,47588],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47590,267],{},[43,47592,47594],{"className":45,"code":47593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47595,47596,47602,47616,47629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47597,47598,47600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47599,802],{"class":731},[52,47601,737],{"class":66},[52,47603,47604,47606,47608,47610,47612,47614],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47605,757],{"class":134},[52,47607,138],{"class":66},[52,47609,1626],{"class":600},[52,47611,138],{"class":66},[52,47613,3220],{"class":3295},[52,47615,1222],{"class":66},[52,47617,47618,47620,47623,47625,47627],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47619,806],{"class":731},[52,47621,47622],{"class":600}," TypeError",[52,47624,46793],{"class":731},[52,47626,46796],{"class":58},[52,47628,737],{"class":66},[52,47630,47631,47633,47635,47637],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47632,757],{"class":134},[52,47634,138],{"class":66},[52,47636,46825],{"class":117},[52,47638,144],{"class":66},[20,47640,1509],{},[43,47642,47644],{"className":45,"code":47643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47645,47646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47647,47648,47650,47652,47655,47657,47659,47662,47664,47667,47669,47672,47674,47676,47678,47680,47683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47649,1626],{"class":600},[52,47651,6812],{"class":66},[52,47653,47654],{"class":58}," argument must be a string",[52,47656,80],{"class":66},[52,47658,43980],{"class":58},[52,47660,47661],{"class":600},"bytes",[52,47663,1460],{"class":62},[52,47665,47666],{"class":58},"like ",[52,47668,41833],{"class":600},[52,47670,47671],{"class":62}," or",[52,47673,40273],{"class":58},[52,47675,80],{"class":66},[52,47677,7546],{"class":62},[52,47679,617],{"class":70},[52,47681,47682],{"class":74},"NoneType",[52,47684,689],{"class":70},[20,47686,47687,47688,47690],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47689,47249],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[43,47692,47694],{"className":45,"code":47693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47695,47696,47702,47720,47732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47697,47698,47700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47699,802],{"class":731},[52,47701,737],{"class":66},[52,47703,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47705,757],{"class":134},[52,47707,138],{"class":66},[52,47709,1626],{"class":600},[52,47711,138],{"class":66},[52,47713,46027],{"class":947},[52,47715,80],{"class":66},[52,47717,953],{"class":947},[52,47719,1222],{"class":66},[52,47721,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47723,806],{"class":731},[52,47725,47622],{"class":600},[52,47727,46793],{"class":731},[52,47729,46796],{"class":58},[52,47731,737],{"class":66},[52,47733,47734,47736,47738,47740],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47735,757],{"class":134},[52,47737,138],{"class":66},[52,47739,46825],{"class":117},[52,47741,144],{"class":66},[20,47743,1509],{},[43,47745,47747],{"className":45,"code":47746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47748,47749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47750,47751,47753,47755,47758,47760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47752,1626],{"class":600},[52,47754,6812],{"class":66},[52,47756,47757],{"class":58}," can",[52,47759,608],{"class":70},[52,47761,47762],{"class":74},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[38,47764,894,47766],{"id":47765},"when-to-use-int",[15,47767,2316],{},[20,47769,799,47770,47772],{},[15,47771,2316],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47774,47775],{},"Common uses:",[163,47777,47778,47784,47787,47790],{},[166,47779,47780,47781,47783],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47782,2396],{}," into integers",[166,47785,47786],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[166,47788,47789],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[166,47791,47792,47793,36048],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47794,47249],{},[20,47796,47797],{},"Example with user input:",[43,47799,47801],{"className":45,"code":47800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47802,47803,47817,47832,47836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47804,47805,47808,47810,47812,47815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47806,47807],{"class":58},"age_text ",[52,47809,63],{"class":62},[52,47811,83],{"class":70},[52,47813,47814],{"class":74},"18",[52,47816,2797],{"class":70},[52,47818,47819,47821,47823,47825,47827,47830],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47820,21068],{"class":58},[52,47822,63],{"class":62},[52,47824,44711],{"class":600},[52,47826,138],{"class":66},[52,47828,47829],{"class":117},"age_text",[52,47831,144],{"class":66},[52,47833,47834],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47835,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,47837,47838,47840,47842,47844,47846,47848],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47839,135],{"class":134},[52,47841,138],{"class":66},[52,47843,21068],{"class":117},[52,47845,1497],{"class":62},[52,47847,4944],{"class":947},[52,47849,144],{"class":66},[20,47851,1509],{},[43,47853,47855],{"className":45,"code":47854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19\n",[15,47856,47857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47858,47859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47860,47854],{"class":947},[38,47862,1158],{"id":1157},[20,47864,14173,47865,114],{},[15,47866,2316],{},[699,47868,47870],{"id":47869},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47872,47873],{},"This fails:",[43,47875,47877],{"className":45,"code":47876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47878,47879],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47880,47881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47882,47876],{"class":3105},[20,47884,47885,47886,47889],{},"Why: ",[15,47887,47888],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47891,18280],{},[43,47893,47895],{"className":45,"code":47894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47896,47897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47898,47899,47901,47903,47905,47907,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47900,135],{"class":134},[52,47902,138],{"class":66},[52,47904,1626],{"class":600},[52,47906,138],{"class":66},[52,47908,1630],{"class":600},[52,47910,138],{"class":66},[52,47912,71],{"class":70},[52,47914,40557],{"class":74},[52,47916,71],{"class":70},[52,47918,2350],{"class":66},[699,47920,47922],{"id":47921},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47924,47873],{},[43,47926,47928],{"className":45,"code":47927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47929,47930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47931,47932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47933,47927],{"class":3105},[20,47935,47936],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[699,47938,47940,47941],{"id":47939},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47942,47943],{},"int(None)",[20,47945,47946,47947,47949],{},"This fails because ",[15,47948,3220],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[43,47951,47953],{"className":45,"code":47952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47954,47955,47964,47968,47974,47988,48000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47956,47957,47959,47961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47958,965],{"class":58},[52,47960,63],{"class":62},[52,47962,47963],{"class":3295}," None\n",[52,47965,47966],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,47967,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,47969,47970,47972],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,47971,802],{"class":731},[52,47973,737],{"class":66},[52,47975,47976,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,47977,757],{"class":134},[52,47979,138],{"class":66},[52,47981,1626],{"class":600},[52,47983,138],{"class":66},[52,47985,985],{"class":117},[52,47987,1222],{"class":66},[52,47989,47990,47992,47994,47996,47998],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,47991,806],{"class":731},[52,47993,47622],{"class":600},[52,47995,46793],{"class":731},[52,47997,46796],{"class":58},[52,47999,737],{"class":66},[52,48001,48002,48004,48006,48008],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,48003,757],{"class":134},[52,48005,138],{"class":66},[52,48007,46825],{"class":117},[52,48009,144],{"class":66},[699,48011,48013],{"id":48012},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48015,47873],{},[43,48017,48018],{"className":45,"code":47404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48019,48020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48021,48022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48023,47404],{"class":3105},[20,48025,48026],{},"Use a string instead:",[43,48028,48029],{"className":45,"code":47257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48030,48031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48032,48033,48035,48037,48039,48041,48043,48045,48047,48049,48051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48034,135],{"class":134},[52,48036,138],{"class":66},[52,48038,1626],{"class":600},[52,48040,138],{"class":66},[52,48042,71],{"class":70},[52,48044,46027],{"class":74},[52,48046,71],{"class":70},[52,48048,80],{"class":66},[52,48050,953],{"class":947},[52,48052,1222],{"class":66},[699,48054,1174,48056,48058],{"id":48055},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48057,2316],{}," to round",[20,48060,48061],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[43,48063,48065],{"className":45,"code":48064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48066,48067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48070,135],{"class":134},[52,48072,138],{"class":66},[52,48074,1626],{"class":600},[52,48076,138],{"class":66},[52,48078,48079],{"class":947},"4.9",[52,48081,1222],{"class":66},[20,48083,1509],{},[43,48085,48087],{"className":45,"code":48086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n",[15,48088,48089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48090,48091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48092,48086],{"class":947},[20,48094,2608,48095,48097,48098,48100],{},[15,48096,1131],{},", remember that ",[15,48099,2316],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[38,48102,1273],{"id":1272},[699,48104,1277,48106,48108],{"id":48105},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48107,2316],{}," round numbers?",[20,48110,45800,48111,48113],{},[15,48112,2316],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[699,48115,4602,48117,48120],{"id":48116},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48118,48119],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48122,28496,48123,48125,48126,48128,48129,39362],{},[15,48124,47530],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48127,2322],{}," first, then use ",[15,48130,2316],{},[699,48132,4586,48134,12159],{"id":48133},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48135,48136],{},"int(True)",[20,48138,4592,48139,27752,48141,41589,48143,114],{},[15,48140,948],{},[15,48142,3116],{},[15,48144,1558],{},[699,48146,48148],{"id":48147},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48150,48151],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[38,48153,1332],{"id":1331},[163,48155,48156,48162,48168,48174,48179,48183,48189],{},[166,48157,48158],{},[221,48159,48160,2948],{"href":2319},[15,48161,2322],{},[166,48163,48164],{},[221,48165,48166,2948],{"href":41609},[15,48167,47119],{},[166,48169,48170],{},[221,48171,48172,2948],{"href":5227},[15,48173,3255],{},[166,48175,48176],{},[221,48177,48178],{"href":2400},"How to convert string to int in Python",[166,48180,48181],{},[221,48182,8505],{"href":8427},[166,48184,48185],{},[221,48186,48187,2948],{"href":7666},[15,48188,2396],{},[166,48190,48191],{},[221,48192,29777,48193],{"href":45351},[15,48194,45352],{},[1364,48196,48197],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":48199},[48200,48201,48203,48207,48212,48214,48216,48221,48225,48227,48236,48245],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":46064,"depth":103,"text":48202},"What int() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":48204},[48205,48206],{"id":46255,"depth":124,"text":46258},{"id":46355,"depth":124,"text":46358},{"id":46491,"depth":103,"text":48208,"children":48209},"Using int() with strings",[48210,48211],{"id":46613,"depth":124,"text":46614},{"id":46701,"depth":124,"text":46702},{"id":46976,"depth":103,"text":48213},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47122,"depth":103,"text":48215},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47242,"depth":103,"text":47243,"children":48217},[48218,48219,48220],{"id":47253,"depth":124,"text":47254},{"id":47322,"depth":124,"text":47323},{"id":47363,"depth":124,"text":47364},{"id":47421,"depth":103,"text":47422,"children":48222},[48223,48224],{"id":40947,"depth":124,"text":40137},{"id":41013,"depth":124,"text":2443},{"id":47765,"depth":103,"text":48226},"When to use int()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":48228},[48229,48230,48231,48233,48234],{"id":47869,"depth":124,"text":47870},{"id":47921,"depth":124,"text":47922},{"id":47939,"depth":124,"text":48232},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48012,"depth":124,"text":48013},{"id":48055,"depth":124,"text":48235},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":48237},[48238,48240,48242,48244],{"id":48105,"depth":124,"text":48239},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48116,"depth":124,"text":48241},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48133,"depth":124,"text":48243},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48147,"depth":124,"text":48148},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41530,"description":48246},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48253,"title":48254,"body":48255,"description":50091,"extension":1401,"meta":50092,"navigation":127,"path":44237,"seo":50093,"stem":50094,"__hash__":50095},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48256,"toc":50047},[48257,48262,48267,48275,48284,48286,48345,48351,48356,48361,48364,48392,48395,48398,48409,48419,48421,48423,48443,48447,48475,48477,48516,48518,48526,48528,48531,48535,48588,48590,48602,48606,48663,48665,48677,48683,48689,48693,48696,48699,48765,48767,48779,48785,48787,48839,48842,48883,48886,48893,48902,48908,48911,48944,48950,48953,48984,48990,48993,49005,49009,49014,49018,49176,49178,49193,49196,49200,49304,49306,49323,49327,49388,49390,49398,49401,49405,49472,49474,49483,49489,49491,49500,49502,49537,49542,49544,49574,49578,49580,49617,49620,49622,49659,49665,49667,49717,49719,49727,49737,49743,49747,49752,49801,49803,49816,49819,49821,49824,49899,49902,49921,49924,49954,49964,49966,49971,49978,49984,49990,49997,50005,50011,50014,50016,50044],[10,48258,3015,48260,3019],{"id":48259},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48261,44240],{},[20,48263,48264,48266],{},[15,48265,44240],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48268,48269,48270,456,48272,48274],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48271,3044],{},[15,48273,3116],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48276,48277,48278,48280,48281,48283],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48279,44240],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48282,1741],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[38,48285,3049],{"id":3048},[43,48287,48289],{"className":45,"code":48288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48290,48291,48299,48303,48324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48292,48293,48295,48297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48294,965],{"class":58},[52,48296,63],{"class":62},[52,48298,2026],{"class":947},[52,48300,48301],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48302,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48304,48305,48307,48309,48312,48314,48316,48318,48320,48322],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48306,135],{"class":134},[52,48308,138],{"class":66},[52,48310,48311],{"class":134},"isinstance",[52,48313,138],{"class":66},[52,48315,985],{"class":117},[52,48317,80],{"class":66},[52,48319,44711],{"class":600},[52,48321,4807],{"class":66},[52,48323,43290],{"class":3105},[52,48325,48326,48328,48330,48332,48334,48336,48338,48341,48343],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48327,135],{"class":134},[52,48329,138],{"class":66},[52,48331,48311],{"class":134},[52,48333,138],{"class":66},[52,48335,985],{"class":117},[52,48337,80],{"class":66},[52,48339,48340],{"class":600}," str",[52,48342,4807],{"class":66},[52,48344,43307],{"class":3105},[20,48346,799,48347,48350],{},[15,48348,48349],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[38,48352,194,48354,197],{"id":48353},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48355,44240],{},[20,48357,48358,48360],{},[15,48359,44240],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48362,48363],{},"It:",[163,48365,48366,48369,48375,48378],{},[166,48367,48368],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[166,48370,10865,48371,456,48373],{},[15,48372,3044],{},[15,48374,3116],{},[166,48376,48377],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[166,48379,48380,48381,1627,48383,1627,48385,1627,48387,16512,48390],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48382,2882],{},[15,48384,1626],{},[15,48386,7540],{},[15,48388,48389],{},"tuple",[15,48391,8268],{},[20,48393,48394],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48396,48397],{},"For example, you might want to:",[163,48399,48400,48403,48406],{},[166,48401,48402],{},"loop through a list",[166,48404,48405],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[166,48407,48408],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48410,48411,48412,456,48415,114],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[221,48413,44232],{"href":48414},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[221,48416,48418],{"href":48417},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[38,48420,228],{"id":227},[20,48422,1597],{},[43,48424,48426],{"className":45,"code":48425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48427,48428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48429,48430,48432,48434,48436,48438,48441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48431,48311],{"class":134},[52,48433,138],{"class":66},[52,48435,41833],{"class":600},[52,48437,80],{"class":66},[52,48439,48440],{"class":117}," classinfo",[52,48442,144],{"class":66},[699,48444,48446],{"id":48445},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[163,48448,48449,48454,48468],{},[166,48450,48451,48453],{},[15,48452,41833],{}," is the value you want to test",[166,48455,48456,48459,48460,1627,48462,1627,48464,1631,48466],{},[15,48457,48458],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48461,1626],{},[15,48463,2882],{},[15,48465,7540],{},[15,48467,8268],{},[166,48469,48470,48471,456,48473],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48472,3044],{},[15,48474,3116],{},[20,48476,267],{},[43,48478,48480],{"className":45,"code":48479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48481,48482,48494,48498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48483,48484,48486,48488,48490,48492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48485,7323],{"class":58},[52,48487,63],{"class":62},[52,48489,83],{"class":70},[52,48491,10951],{"class":74},[52,48493,2797],{"class":70},[52,48495,48496],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48497,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48499,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508,48510,48512,48514],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48501,135],{"class":134},[52,48503,138],{"class":66},[52,48505,48311],{"class":134},[52,48507,138],{"class":66},[52,48509,7115],{"class":117},[52,48511,80],{"class":66},[52,48513,48340],{"class":600},[52,48515,1222],{"class":66},[20,48517,1509],{},[43,48519,48520],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48521,48522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48523,48524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48525,3424],{"class":3295},[38,48527,10917],{"id":10916},[20,48529,48530],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[699,48532,48534],{"id":48533},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[43,48536,48538],{"className":45,"code":48537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48539,48540,48548,48552,48570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48541,48542,48544,48546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48543,965],{"class":58},[52,48545,63],{"class":62},[52,48547,44660],{"class":947},[52,48549,48550],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48551,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48553,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564,48566,48568],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48555,135],{"class":134},[52,48557,138],{"class":66},[52,48559,48311],{"class":134},[52,48561,138],{"class":66},[52,48563,985],{"class":117},[52,48565,80],{"class":66},[52,48567,44711],{"class":600},[52,48569,1222],{"class":66},[52,48571,48572,48574,48576,48578,48580,48582,48584,48586],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48573,135],{"class":134},[52,48575,138],{"class":66},[52,48577,48311],{"class":134},[52,48579,138],{"class":66},[52,48581,985],{"class":117},[52,48583,80],{"class":66},[52,48585,48340],{"class":600},[52,48587,1222],{"class":66},[20,48589,1509],{},[43,48591,48592],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48593,48594,48598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48595,48596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48597,3424],{"class":3295},[52,48599,48600],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48601,3485],{"class":3295},[699,48603,48605],{"id":48604},"check-text","Check text",[43,48607,48609],{"className":45,"code":48608,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48610,48611,48623,48627,48645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48612,48613,48615,48617,48619,48621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48614,34120],{"class":58},[52,48616,63],{"class":62},[52,48618,83],{"class":70},[52,48620,3288],{"class":74},[52,48622,2797],{"class":70},[52,48624,48625],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48626,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48628,48629,48631,48633,48635,48637,48639,48641,48643],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48630,135],{"class":134},[52,48632,138],{"class":66},[52,48634,48311],{"class":134},[52,48636,138],{"class":66},[52,48638,34141],{"class":117},[52,48640,80],{"class":66},[52,48642,48340],{"class":600},[52,48644,1222],{"class":66},[52,48646,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48648,135],{"class":134},[52,48650,138],{"class":66},[52,48652,48311],{"class":134},[52,48654,138],{"class":66},[52,48656,34141],{"class":117},[52,48658,80],{"class":66},[52,48660,44711],{"class":600},[52,48662,1222],{"class":66},[20,48664,1509],{},[43,48666,48667],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48668,48669,48673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48670,48671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48672,3424],{"class":3295},[52,48674,48675],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48676,3485],{"class":3295},[20,48678,48679,48680,48682],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48681,44240],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48684,48685,48686,114],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[221,48687,48688],{"href":2400},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[38,48690,48692],{"id":48691},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48694,48695],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48697,48698],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[43,48700,48702],{"className":45,"code":48701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48703,48704,48713,48717,48741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48705,48706,48708,48710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48707,965],{"class":58},[52,48709,63],{"class":62},[52,48711,48712],{"class":947}," 3.5\n",[52,48714,48715],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48716,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48718,48719,48721,48723,48725,48727,48729,48731,48733,48735,48737,48739],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48720,135],{"class":134},[52,48722,138],{"class":66},[52,48724,48311],{"class":134},[52,48726,138],{"class":66},[52,48728,985],{"class":117},[52,48730,80],{"class":66},[52,48732,8684],{"class":66},[52,48734,1626],{"class":600},[52,48736,80],{"class":66},[52,48738,39688],{"class":600},[52,48740,2350],{"class":66},[52,48742,48743,48745,48747,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759,48761,48763],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,48744,135],{"class":134},[52,48746,138],{"class":66},[52,48748,48311],{"class":134},[52,48750,138],{"class":66},[52,48752,985],{"class":117},[52,48754,80],{"class":66},[52,48756,8684],{"class":66},[52,48758,2882],{"class":600},[52,48760,80],{"class":66},[52,48762,22000],{"class":600},[52,48764,2350],{"class":66},[20,48766,1509],{},[43,48768,48769],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48770,48771,48775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48772,48773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48774,3424],{"class":3295},[52,48776,48777],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48778,3485],{"class":3295},[20,48780,48781,48782,48784],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48783,40270],{}," conditions.",[20,48786,7745],{},[43,48788,48790],{"className":45,"code":48789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48791,48792,48800,48804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48793,48794,48796,48798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48795,965],{"class":58},[52,48797,63],{"class":62},[52,48799,48712],{"class":947},[52,48801,48802],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48803,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48805,48806,48808,48810,48812,48814,48816,48818,48820,48822,48824,48827,48829,48831,48833,48835,48837],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48807,135],{"class":134},[52,48809,138],{"class":66},[52,48811,1231],{"class":600},[52,48813,138],{"class":66},[52,48815,985],{"class":117},[52,48817,3102],{"class":66},[52,48819,5854],{"class":62},[52,48821,44711],{"class":600},[52,48823,47671],{"class":731},[52,48825,48826],{"class":600}," type",[52,48828,138],{"class":66},[52,48830,985],{"class":117},[52,48832,3102],{"class":66},[52,48834,5854],{"class":62},[52,48836,39688],{"class":600},[52,48838,144],{"class":66},[20,48840,48841],{},"you can write this:",[43,48843,48845],{"className":45,"code":48844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48846,48847,48855,48859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48848,48849,48851,48853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48850,965],{"class":58},[52,48852,63],{"class":62},[52,48854,48712],{"class":947},[52,48856,48857],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48858,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,48860,48861,48863,48865,48867,48869,48871,48873,48875,48877,48879,48881],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,48862,135],{"class":134},[52,48864,138],{"class":66},[52,48866,48311],{"class":134},[52,48868,138],{"class":66},[52,48870,985],{"class":117},[52,48872,80],{"class":66},[52,48874,8684],{"class":66},[52,48876,1626],{"class":600},[52,48878,80],{"class":66},[52,48880,39688],{"class":600},[52,48882,2350],{"class":66},[20,48884,48885],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[38,48887,48889,897,48891],{"id":48888},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48890,44240],{},[15,48892,1741],{},[20,48894,10036,48895,803,48897,48901],{},[15,48896,44240],{},[221,48898,48899],{"href":1738},[15,48900,1741],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[699,48903,48905],{"id":48904},"typevalue-int",[15,48906,48907],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48909,48910],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[43,48912,48914],{"className":45,"code":48913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48915,48916,48924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48917,48918,48920,48922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48919,965],{"class":58},[52,48921,63],{"class":62},[52,48923,2026],{"class":947},[52,48925,48926,48928,48930,48932,48934,48936,48938,48940,48942],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48927,135],{"class":134},[52,48929,138],{"class":66},[52,48931,1231],{"class":600},[52,48933,138],{"class":66},[52,48935,985],{"class":117},[52,48937,3102],{"class":66},[52,48939,5854],{"class":62},[52,48941,44711],{"class":600},[52,48943,144],{"class":66},[699,48945,48947],{"id":48946},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48948,48949],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48951,48952],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[43,48954,48956],{"className":45,"code":48955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48957,48958,48966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48959,48960,48962,48964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48961,965],{"class":58},[52,48963,63],{"class":62},[52,48965,2026],{"class":947},[52,48967,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,48969,135],{"class":134},[52,48971,138],{"class":66},[52,48973,48311],{"class":134},[52,48975,138],{"class":66},[52,48977,985],{"class":117},[52,48979,80],{"class":66},[52,48981,44711],{"class":600},[52,48983,1222],{"class":66},[20,48985,48986,48987,48989],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48988,44240],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48991,48992],{},"In everyday code:",[163,48994,48995,49000],{},[166,48996,39423,48997,48999],{},[15,48998,1741],{}," when you need the exact type",[166,49001,39423,49002,49004],{},[15,49003,44240],{}," when you want a practical type check",[38,49006,49008],{"id":49007},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49010,49011,49012,114],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49013,44240],{},[699,49015,49017],{"id":49016},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[43,49019,49021],{"className":45,"code":49020,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49022,49023,49041,49060,49072,49077,49095,49106,49110,49122,49126,49150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49024,49025,49027,49030,49032,49034,49036,49039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49026,34283],{"class":1503},[52,49028,49029],{"class":34286}," repeat_text",[52,49031,138],{"class":66},[52,49033,34141],{"class":37095},[52,49035,80],{"class":66},[52,49037,49038],{"class":37095}," count",[52,49040,7789],{"class":66},[52,49042,49043,49045,49047,49050,49052,49054,49056,49058],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49044,5844],{"class":731},[52,49046,7546],{"class":62},[52,49048,49049],{"class":134}," isinstance",[52,49051,138],{"class":66},[52,49053,34141],{"class":117},[52,49055,80],{"class":66},[52,49057,48340],{"class":600},[52,49059,7789],{"class":66},[52,49061,49062,49065,49067,49070],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49063,49064],{"class":731},"        return",[52,49066,83],{"class":70},[52,49068,49069],{"class":74},"text must be a string",[52,49071,2797],{"class":70},[52,49073,49074],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49075,49076],{"class":58},"    \n",[52,49078,49079,49081,49083,49085,49087,49089,49091,49093],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,49080,5844],{"class":731},[52,49082,7546],{"class":62},[52,49084,49049],{"class":134},[52,49086,138],{"class":66},[52,49088,40693],{"class":117},[52,49090,80],{"class":66},[52,49092,44711],{"class":600},[52,49094,7789],{"class":66},[52,49096,49097,49099,49101,49104],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,49098,49064],{"class":731},[52,49100,83],{"class":70},[52,49102,49103],{"class":74},"count must be an integer",[52,49105,2797],{"class":70},[52,49107,49108],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,49109,49076],{"class":58},[52,49111,49112,49114,49117,49119],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,49113,34294],{"class":731},[52,49115,49116],{"class":58}," text ",[52,49118,39305],{"class":62},[52,49120,49121],{"class":58}," count\n",[52,49123,49124],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,49125,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,49127,49128,49130,49132,49135,49137,49139,49142,49144,49146,49148],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,49129,135],{"class":134},[52,49131,138],{"class":66},[52,49133,49134],{"class":117},"repeat_text",[52,49136,138],{"class":66},[52,49138,71],{"class":70},[52,49140,49141],{"class":74},"Hi ",[52,49143,71],{"class":70},[52,49145,80],{"class":66},[52,49147,958],{"class":947},[52,49149,1222],{"class":66},[52,49151,49152,49154,49156,49158,49160,49162,49164,49166,49168,49170,49172,49174],{"class":54,"line":11037},[52,49153,135],{"class":134},[52,49155,138],{"class":66},[52,49157,49134],{"class":117},[52,49159,138],{"class":66},[52,49161,71],{"class":70},[52,49163,49141],{"class":74},[52,49165,71],{"class":70},[52,49167,80],{"class":66},[52,49169,83],{"class":70},[52,49171,1500],{"class":74},[52,49173,71],{"class":70},[52,49175,1222],{"class":66},[20,49177,1509],{},[43,49179,49181],{"className":45,"code":49180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49182,49183,49188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49184,49185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49186,49187],{"class":58},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[52,49189,49190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49191,49192],{"class":58},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49194,49195],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[699,49197,49199],{"id":49198},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[43,49201,49203],{"className":45,"code":49202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49204,49205,49237,49241,49257,49272,49289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49206,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215,49217,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233,49235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49208,965],{"class":58},[52,49210,63],{"class":62},[52,49212,3063],{"class":66},[52,49214,71],{"class":70},[52,49216,221],{"class":74},[52,49218,71],{"class":70},[52,49220,80],{"class":66},[52,49222,83],{"class":70},[52,49224,4204],{"class":74},[52,49226,71],{"class":70},[52,49228,80],{"class":66},[52,49230,83],{"class":70},[52,49232,9187],{"class":74},[52,49234,71],{"class":70},[52,49236,3076],{"class":66},[52,49238,49239],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49240,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,49242,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49244,732],{"class":731},[52,49246,49049],{"class":134},[52,49248,138],{"class":66},[52,49250,985],{"class":117},[52,49252,80],{"class":66},[52,49254,48340],{"class":600},[52,49256,7789],{"class":66},[52,49258,49259,49261,49263,49265,49268,49270],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49260,757],{"class":134},[52,49262,138],{"class":66},[52,49264,71],{"class":70},[52,49266,49267],{"class":74},"This is text",[52,49269,71],{"class":70},[52,49271,144],{"class":66},[52,49273,49274,49277,49279,49281,49283,49285,49287],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,49275,49276],{"class":731},"elif",[52,49278,49049],{"class":134},[52,49280,138],{"class":66},[52,49282,985],{"class":117},[52,49284,80],{"class":66},[52,49286,22000],{"class":600},[52,49288,7789],{"class":66},[52,49290,49291,49293,49295,49297,49300,49302],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,49292,757],{"class":134},[52,49294,138],{"class":66},[52,49296,71],{"class":70},[52,49298,49299],{"class":74},"This is a list",[52,49301,71],{"class":70},[52,49303,144],{"class":66},[20,49305,1509],{},[43,49307,49309],{"className":45,"code":49308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a list\n",[15,49310,49311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49312,49313,49316,49318,49320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49314,49315],{"class":58},"This ",[52,49317,11637],{"class":62},[52,49319,43980],{"class":58},[52,49321,49322],{"class":600},"list\n",[699,49324,49326],{"id":49325},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[43,49328,49330],{"className":45,"code":49329,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49331,49332,49344,49348,49364,49378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49333,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49335,965],{"class":58},[52,49337,63],{"class":62},[52,49339,83],{"class":70},[52,49341,45961],{"class":74},[52,49343,2797],{"class":70},[52,49345,49346],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49347,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,49349,49350,49352,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49351,732],{"class":731},[52,49353,49049],{"class":134},[52,49355,138],{"class":66},[52,49357,985],{"class":117},[52,49359,80],{"class":66},[52,49361,48340],{"class":600},[52,49363,7789],{"class":66},[52,49365,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49367,41324],{"class":58},[52,49369,63],{"class":62},[52,49371,44711],{"class":600},[52,49373,138],{"class":66},[52,49375,985],{"class":117},[52,49377,144],{"class":66},[52,49379,49380,49382,49384,49386],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,49381,757],{"class":134},[52,49383,138],{"class":66},[52,49385,1678],{"class":117},[52,49387,144],{"class":66},[20,49389,1509],{},[43,49391,49392],{"className":45,"code":46047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49393,49394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49395,49396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49397,46047],{"class":947},[20,49399,49400],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[699,49402,49404],{"id":49403},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[43,49406,49408],{"className":45,"code":49407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49409,49410,49434,49438,49454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49411,49412,49414,49416,49418,49420,49422,49424,49426,49428,49430,49432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49413,965],{"class":58},[52,49415,63],{"class":62},[52,49417,67],{"class":66},[52,49419,71],{"class":70},[52,49421,7115],{"class":74},[52,49423,71],{"class":70},[52,49425,202],{"class":66},[52,49427,83],{"class":70},[52,49429,12323],{"class":74},[52,49431,71],{"class":70},[52,49433,100],{"class":66},[52,49435,49436],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49437,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,49439,49440,49442,49444,49446,49448,49450,49452],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49441,732],{"class":731},[52,49443,49049],{"class":134},[52,49445,138],{"class":66},[52,49447,985],{"class":117},[52,49449,80],{"class":66},[52,49451,8618],{"class":600},[52,49453,7789],{"class":66},[52,49455,49456,49458,49460,49462,49464,49466,49468,49470],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49457,757],{"class":134},[52,49459,138],{"class":66},[52,49461,985],{"class":117},[52,49463,3344],{"class":66},[52,49465,71],{"class":70},[52,49467,7115],{"class":74},[52,49469,71],{"class":70},[52,49471,3332],{"class":66},[20,49473,1509],{},[43,49475,49477],{"className":45,"code":49476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n",[15,49478,49479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49480,49481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49482,49476],{"class":58},[20,49484,49485,49486,49488],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49487,2443],{}," messages later.",[38,49490,3961],{"id":3960},[699,49492,49494,49495,1326,49498],{"id":49493},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49496,49497],{},"\"int\"",[15,49499,1626],{},[20,49501,16083],{},[43,49503,49505],{"className":45,"code":49504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49506,49507,49515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49508,49509,49511,49513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49510,965],{"class":58},[52,49512,63],{"class":62},[52,49514,2026],{"class":947},[52,49516,49517,49519,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49518,135],{"class":134},[52,49520,138],{"class":66},[52,49522,48311],{"class":134},[52,49524,138],{"class":66},[52,49526,985],{"class":117},[52,49528,80],{"class":66},[52,49530,83],{"class":70},[52,49532,1626],{"class":74},[52,49534,71],{"class":70},[52,49536,1222],{"class":66},[20,49538,49539,49541],{},[15,49540,49497],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49543,16095],{},[43,49545,49546],{"className":45,"code":48955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49547,49548,49556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49549,49550,49552,49554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49551,965],{"class":58},[52,49553,63],{"class":62},[52,49555,2026],{"class":947},[52,49557,49558,49560,49562,49564,49566,49568,49570,49572],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49559,135],{"class":134},[52,49561,138],{"class":66},[52,49563,48311],{"class":134},[52,49565,138],{"class":66},[52,49567,985],{"class":117},[52,49569,80],{"class":66},[52,49571,44711],{"class":600},[52,49573,1222],{"class":66},[699,49575,49577],{"id":49576},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49579,16083],{},[43,49581,49583],{"className":45,"code":49582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49584,49585,49593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49586,49587,49589,49591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49588,965],{"class":58},[52,49590,63],{"class":62},[52,49592,34274],{"class":947},[52,49594,49595,49597,49599,49601,49603,49605,49607,49609,49611,49613,49615],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49596,135],{"class":134},[52,49598,138],{"class":66},[52,49600,48311],{"class":134},[52,49602,138],{"class":66},[52,49604,985],{"class":117},[52,49606,80],{"class":66},[52,49608,3063],{"class":66},[52,49610,1626],{"class":600},[52,49612,80],{"class":66},[52,49614,39688],{"class":600},[52,49616,2437],{"class":66},[20,49618,49619],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49621,16095],{},[43,49623,49625],{"className":45,"code":49624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49626,49627,49635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49628,49629,49631,49633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49630,965],{"class":58},[52,49632,63],{"class":62},[52,49634,34274],{"class":947},[52,49636,49637,49639,49641,49643,49645,49647,49649,49651,49653,49655,49657],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49638,135],{"class":134},[52,49640,138],{"class":66},[52,49642,48311],{"class":134},[52,49644,138],{"class":66},[52,49646,985],{"class":117},[52,49648,80],{"class":66},[52,49650,8684],{"class":66},[52,49652,1626],{"class":600},[52,49654,80],{"class":66},[52,49656,39688],{"class":600},[52,49658,2350],{"class":66},[699,49660,25215,49662,49664],{"id":49661},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49663,44240],{}," converts a value",[20,49666,18353],{},[43,49668,49670],{"className":45,"code":49669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49671,49672,49685,49703,49707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49673,49674,49676,49678,49680,49683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49675,965],{"class":58},[52,49677,63],{"class":62},[52,49679,83],{"class":70},[52,49681,49682],{"class":74},"123",[52,49684,2797],{"class":70},[52,49686,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49688,1668],{"class":58},[52,49690,63],{"class":62},[52,49692,49049],{"class":134},[52,49694,138],{"class":66},[52,49696,985],{"class":117},[52,49698,80],{"class":66},[52,49700,44711],{"class":600},[52,49702,144],{"class":66},[52,49704,49705],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49706,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,49708,49709,49711,49713,49715],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49710,135],{"class":134},[52,49712,138],{"class":66},[52,49714,1703],{"class":117},[52,49716,144],{"class":66},[20,49718,1509],{},[43,49720,49721],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49722,49723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49724,49725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49726,3485],{"class":3295},[20,49728,49729,49730,49733,49734,49736],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49731,49732],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49735,49682],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49738,49739,49740,6077],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49741,49742],{},"int(value)",[699,49744,49746],{"id":49745},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49748,49749,49751],{},[15,49750,44240],{}," does not modify anything.",[43,49753,49755],{"className":45,"code":49754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49756,49757,49769,49773,49791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49758,49759,49761,49763,49765,49767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49760,965],{"class":58},[52,49762,63],{"class":62},[52,49764,83],{"class":70},[52,49766,12997],{"class":74},[52,49768,2797],{"class":70},[52,49770,49771],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49772,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,49774,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785,49787,49789],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49776,135],{"class":134},[52,49778,138],{"class":66},[52,49780,48311],{"class":134},[52,49782,138],{"class":66},[52,49784,985],{"class":117},[52,49786,80],{"class":66},[52,49788,48340],{"class":600},[52,49790,1222],{"class":66},[52,49792,49793,49795,49797,49799],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49794,135],{"class":134},[52,49796,138],{"class":66},[52,49798,985],{"class":117},[52,49800,144],{"class":66},[20,49802,1509],{},[43,49804,49806],{"className":45,"code":49805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n100\n",[15,49807,49808,49812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49809,49810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49811,3424],{"class":3295},[52,49813,49814],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49815,46698],{"class":947},[20,49817,49818],{},"The value stays the same.",[38,49820,25383],{"id":25382},[20,49822,49823],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[43,49825,49827],{"className":45,"code":49826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49828,49829,49843,49861,49885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49830,49831,49833,49835,49837,49839,49841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49832,135],{"class":134},[52,49834,138],{"class":66},[52,49836,1231],{"class":600},[52,49838,138],{"class":66},[52,49840,985],{"class":117},[52,49842,1222],{"class":66},[52,49844,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,49846,135],{"class":134},[52,49848,138],{"class":66},[52,49850,48311],{"class":134},[52,49852,138],{"class":66},[52,49854,985],{"class":117},[52,49856,80],{"class":66},[52,49858,44711],{"class":600},[52,49860,1222],{"class":66},[52,49862,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871,49873,49875,49877,49879,49881,49883],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,49864,135],{"class":134},[52,49866,138],{"class":66},[52,49868,48311],{"class":134},[52,49870,138],{"class":66},[52,49872,985],{"class":117},[52,49874,80],{"class":66},[52,49876,8684],{"class":66},[52,49878,1626],{"class":600},[52,49880,80],{"class":66},[52,49882,39688],{"class":600},[52,49884,2350],{"class":66},[52,49886,49887,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,49888,135],{"class":134},[52,49890,138],{"class":66},[52,49892,41213],{"class":134},[52,49894,138],{"class":66},[52,49896,985],{"class":117},[52,49898,1222],{"class":66},[20,49900,49901],{},"These can help when:",[163,49903,49904,49907,49912,49915],{},[166,49905,49906],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[166,49908,49909,49910],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49911,2443],{},[166,49913,49914],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[166,49916,49917,49918,49920],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49919,44240],{}," is invalid",[20,49922,49923],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[163,49925,49926,49940,49946,49951],{},[166,49927,49928,49929,456,49932,49935,49936,456,49938],{},"using ",[15,49930,49931],{},"'int'",[15,49933,49934],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49937,1626],{},[15,49939,2882],{},[166,49941,49942,49943,49945],{},"expecting ",[15,49944,44240],{}," to convert a value",[166,49947,49928,49948,49950],{},[15,49949,1741],{}," when inherited types should also match",[166,49952,49953],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49955,49956,49957,114],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[221,49958,49960,49961],{"href":49959},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49962,49963],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[38,49965,1273],{"id":1272},[699,49967,4586,49969,4589],{"id":49968},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49970,44240],{},[20,49972,4592,49973,49975,49976,114],{},[15,49974,3044],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49977,3116],{},[699,49979,4614,49981,49983],{"id":49980},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49982,44240],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49985,49986,49987,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49988,49989],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[699,49991,4624,49993,803,49995,1293],{"id":49992},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49994,44240],{},[15,49996,1741],{},[20,49998,49999,50001,50002,50004],{},[15,50000,1741],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50003,44240],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[699,50006,1277,50008,50010],{"id":50007},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50009,44240],{}," convert a value?",[20,50012,50013],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[38,50015,1332],{"id":1331},[163,50017,50018,50024,50028,50033,50038],{},[166,50019,50020],{},[221,50021,3015,50022,2948],{"href":1738},[15,50023,1741],{},[166,50025,50026],{},[221,50027,44232],{"href":48414},[166,50029,50030],{},[221,50031,50032],{"href":2400},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[166,50034,50035],{},[221,50036,50037],{"href":48417},"What is a data type in Python?",[166,50039,50040],{},[221,50041,49960,50042],{"href":49959},[15,50043,49963],{},[1364,50045,50046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":50048},[50049,50050,50052,50055,50059,50060,50065,50071,50079,50080,50090],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":48353,"depth":103,"text":50051},"What isinstance() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":50053},[50054],{"id":48445,"depth":124,"text":48446},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917,"children":50056},[50057,50058],{"id":48533,"depth":124,"text":48534},{"id":48604,"depth":124,"text":48605},{"id":48691,"depth":103,"text":48692},{"id":48888,"depth":103,"text":50061,"children":50062},"isinstance() vs type()",[50063,50064],{"id":48904,"depth":124,"text":48907},{"id":48946,"depth":124,"text":48949},{"id":49007,"depth":103,"text":49008,"children":50066},[50067,50068,50069,50070],{"id":49016,"depth":124,"text":49017},{"id":49198,"depth":124,"text":49199},{"id":49325,"depth":124,"text":49326},{"id":49403,"depth":124,"text":49404},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":50072},[50073,50075,50076,50078],{"id":49493,"depth":124,"text":50074},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49576,"depth":124,"text":49577},{"id":49661,"depth":124,"text":50077},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49745,"depth":124,"text":49746},{"id":25382,"depth":103,"text":25383},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":50081},[50082,50084,50086,50088],{"id":49968,"depth":124,"text":50083},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49980,"depth":124,"text":50085},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49992,"depth":124,"text":50087},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50007,"depth":124,"text":50089},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48254,"description":50091},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50097,"title":50098,"body":50099,"description":52072,"extension":1401,"meta":52073,"navigation":127,"path":52074,"seo":52075,"stem":52076,"__hash__":52077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50100,"toc":52047},[50101,50104,50109,50114,50128,50131,50133,50208,50213,50217,50222,50225,50239,50241,50407,50420,50422,50424,50439,50442,50445,50458,50460,50558,50562,50568,50571,50580,50582,50617,50622,50643,50648,50653,50685,50688,50745,50749,50755,50758,50811,50813,50853,50856,50924,50927,50978,50985,50989,50995,51080,51086,51092,51141,51144,51147,51197,51199,51204,51208,51258,51262,51309,51313,51390,51394,51459,51462,51466,51471,51476,51488,51490,51509,51515,51518,51537,51542,51569,51576,51580,51586,51589,51684,51687,51690,51739,51744,51746,51750,51785,51788,51845,51855,51858,51892,51895,51897,51901,51904,51908,51911,51915,51918,51922,51935,51939,51944,51946,51996,52008,52010,52044],[10,50102,50098],{"id":50103},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50105,8570,50106,50108],{},[15,50107,41795],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50110,34838,50111,50113],{},[15,50112,41795],{}," to count:",[163,50115,50116,50119,50122,50125],{},[166,50117,50118],{},"characters in a string",[166,50120,50121],{},"items in a list or tuple",[166,50123,50124],{},"keys in a dictionary",[166,50126,50127],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50129,50130],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[38,50132,41],{"id":40},[43,50134,50136],{"className":45,"code":50135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50137,50138,50150,50170,50174,50191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50139,50140,50142,50144,50146,50148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50141,34120],{"class":58},[52,50143,63],{"class":62},[52,50145,83],{"class":70},[52,50147,3288],{"class":74},[52,50149,2797],{"class":70},[52,50151,50152,50154,50156,50158,50160,50162,50164,50166,50168],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50153,59],{"class":58},[52,50155,63],{"class":62},[52,50157,3063],{"class":66},[52,50159,1770],{"class":947},[52,50161,80],{"class":66},[52,50163,7237],{"class":947},[52,50165,80],{"class":66},[52,50167,7242],{"class":947},[52,50169,3076],{"class":66},[52,50171,50172],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,50173,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,50175,50176,50178,50180,50182,50184,50186,50188],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50177,135],{"class":134},[52,50179,138],{"class":66},[52,50181,1215],{"class":134},[52,50183,138],{"class":66},[52,50185,34141],{"class":117},[52,50187,4807],{"class":66},[52,50189,50190],{"class":3105},"   # 5\n",[52,50192,50193,50195,50197,50199,50201,50203,50205],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,50194,135],{"class":134},[52,50196,138],{"class":66},[52,50198,1215],{"class":134},[52,50200,138],{"class":66},[52,50202,154],{"class":117},[52,50204,4807],{"class":66},[52,50206,50207],{"class":3105},"  # 3\n",[20,50209,799,50210,50212],{},[15,50211,41795],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[38,50214,50216],{"id":50215},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50218,50219,50221],{},[15,50220,41795],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50223,50224],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[163,50226,50227,50230,50233,50236],{},[166,50228,50229],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[166,50231,50232],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[166,50234,50235],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[166,50237,50238],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50240,267],{},[43,50242,50244],{"className":45,"code":50243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50245,50246,50258,50283,50315,50335,50339,50356,50373,50390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50247,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50249,7323],{"class":58},[52,50251,63],{"class":62},[52,50253,83],{"class":70},[52,50255,7124],{"class":74},[52,50257,2797],{"class":70},[52,50259,50260,50262,50264,50266,50268,50270,50272,50274,50276,50278,50281],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50261,940],{"class":58},[52,50263,63],{"class":62},[52,50265,3063],{"class":66},[52,50267,1770],{"class":947},[52,50269,80],{"class":66},[52,50271,7237],{"class":947},[52,50273,80],{"class":66},[52,50275,7242],{"class":947},[52,50277,80],{"class":66},[52,50279,50280],{"class":947}," 40",[52,50282,3076],{"class":66},[52,50284,50285,50287,50289,50291,50293,50295,50297,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309,50311,50313],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,50286,8613],{"class":58},[52,50288,63],{"class":62},[52,50290,67],{"class":66},[52,50292,71],{"class":70},[52,50294,221],{"class":74},[52,50296,71],{"class":70},[52,50298,202],{"class":66},[52,50300,4944],{"class":947},[52,50302,80],{"class":66},[52,50304,83],{"class":70},[52,50306,4204],{"class":74},[52,50308,71],{"class":70},[52,50310,202],{"class":66},[52,50312,953],{"class":947},[52,50314,100],{"class":66},[52,50316,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329,50331,50333],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50318,3265],{"class":58},[52,50320,63],{"class":62},[52,50322,67],{"class":66},[52,50324,1131],{"class":947},[52,50326,80],{"class":66},[52,50328,37076],{"class":947},[52,50330,80],{"class":66},[52,50332,5440],{"class":947},[52,50334,100],{"class":66},[52,50336,50337],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,50338,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,50340,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349,50351,50353],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,50342,135],{"class":134},[52,50344,138],{"class":66},[52,50346,1215],{"class":134},[52,50348,138],{"class":66},[52,50350,7115],{"class":117},[52,50352,4807],{"class":66},[52,50354,50355],{"class":3105},"     # 3\n",[52,50357,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,50359,135],{"class":134},[52,50361,138],{"class":66},[52,50363,1215],{"class":134},[52,50365,138],{"class":66},[52,50367,1037],{"class":117},[52,50369,4807],{"class":66},[52,50371,50372],{"class":3105},"  # 4\n",[52,50374,50375,50377,50379,50381,50383,50385,50387],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,50376,135],{"class":134},[52,50378,138],{"class":66},[52,50380,1215],{"class":134},[52,50382,138],{"class":66},[52,50384,8652],{"class":117},[52,50386,4807],{"class":66},[52,50388,50389],{"class":3105},"     # 2\n",[52,50391,50392,50394,50396,50398,50400,50402,50404],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,50393,135],{"class":134},[52,50395,138],{"class":66},[52,50397,1215],{"class":134},[52,50399,138],{"class":66},[52,50401,4804],{"class":117},[52,50403,4807],{"class":66},[52,50405,50406],{"class":3105},"   # 3\n",[20,50408,50409,50410,1627,50414,16512,50418,114],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[221,50411,50413],{"href":50412},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[221,50415,50417],{"href":50416},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[221,50419,8603],{"href":8602},[38,50421,228],{"id":227},[20,50423,1597],{},[43,50425,50427],{"className":45,"code":50426,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(object)\n",[15,50428,50429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50430,50431,50433,50435,50437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50432,1215],{"class":134},[52,50434,138],{"class":66},[52,50436,41833],{"class":600},[52,50438,144],{"class":66},[20,50440,50441],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50443,50444],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[163,50446,50447,50449,50451,50453,50455],{},[166,50448,37340],{},[166,50450,37334],{},[166,50452,37337],{},[166,50454,37343],{},[166,50456,50457],{},"a dictionary",[20,50459,267],{},[43,50461,50463],{"className":45,"code":50462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50464,50465,50486,50510,50532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50466,50467,50469,50471,50473,50475,50477,50479,50481,50483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50468,135],{"class":134},[52,50470,138],{"class":66},[52,50472,1215],{"class":134},[52,50474,138],{"class":66},[52,50476,71],{"class":70},[52,50478,47],{"class":74},[52,50480,71],{"class":70},[52,50482,4807],{"class":66},[52,50484,50485],{"class":3105},"      # 6\n",[52,50487,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50489,135],{"class":134},[52,50491,138],{"class":66},[52,50493,1215],{"class":134},[52,50495,2424],{"class":66},[52,50497,948],{"class":947},[52,50499,80],{"class":66},[52,50501,953],{"class":947},[52,50503,80],{"class":66},[52,50505,958],{"class":947},[52,50507,4178],{"class":66},[52,50509,50355],{"class":3105},[52,50511,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50529],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,50513,135],{"class":134},[52,50515,138],{"class":66},[52,50517,1215],{"class":134},[52,50519,4957],{"class":66},[52,50521,1770],{"class":947},[52,50523,80],{"class":66},[52,50525,7237],{"class":947},[52,50527,50528],{"class":66},")))",[52,50530,50531],{"class":3105},"      # 2\n",[52,50533,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50555],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50535,135],{"class":134},[52,50537,138],{"class":66},[52,50539,1215],{"class":134},[52,50541,4976],{"class":66},[52,50543,71],{"class":70},[52,50545,1611],{"class":74},[52,50547,71],{"class":70},[52,50549,202],{"class":66},[52,50551,4944],{"class":947},[52,50553,50554],{"class":66},"}))",[52,50556,50557],{"class":3105},"      # 1\n",[38,50559,50561],{"id":50560},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50563,50564,50565,50567],{},"When you use ",[15,50566,41795],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50569,50570],{},"That includes:",[163,50572,50573,50575,50577],{},[166,50574,35577],{},[166,50576,9900],{},[166,50578,50579],{},"punctuation",[20,50581,267],{},[43,50583,50585],{"className":45,"code":50584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50586,50587,50600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50588,50589,50591,50593,50595,50598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50590,34120],{"class":58},[52,50592,63],{"class":62},[52,50594,83],{"class":70},[52,50596,50597],{"class":74},"Hi there!",[52,50599,2797],{"class":70},[52,50601,50602,50604,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50603,135],{"class":134},[52,50605,138],{"class":66},[52,50607,1215],{"class":134},[52,50609,138],{"class":66},[52,50611,34141],{"class":117},[52,50613,4807],{"class":66},[52,50615,50616],{"class":3105},"  # 9\n",[20,50618,50619,50620,1293],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50621,1582],{},[163,50623,50624,50630,50634,50637],{},[166,50625,50626,50629],{},[15,50627,50628],{},"H"," = 1",[166,50631,50632,50629],{},[15,50633,35588],{},[166,50635,50636],{},"space = 1",[166,50638,50639,50642],{},[15,50640,50641],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50644,50645,50646],{},"Total: ",[15,50647,1582],{},[20,50649,50650,50651,202],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50652,1558],{},[43,50654,50656],{"className":45,"code":50655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50657,50658,50667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50659,50660,50663,50665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50661,50662],{"class":58},"empty_text ",[52,50664,63],{"class":62},[52,50666,7328],{"class":70},[52,50668,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677,50680,50682],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50670,135],{"class":134},[52,50672,138],{"class":66},[52,50674,1215],{"class":134},[52,50676,138],{"class":66},[52,50678,50679],{"class":117},"empty_text",[52,50681,4807],{"class":66},[52,50683,50684],{"class":3105},"  # 0\n",[20,50686,50687],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[43,50689,50691],{"className":45,"code":50690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50692,50693,50706,50710,50730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50694,50695,50698,50700,50702,50704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50696,50697],{"class":58},"user_name ",[52,50699,63],{"class":62},[52,50701,83],{"class":70},[52,50703,4447],{"class":74},[52,50705,2797],{"class":70},[52,50707,50708],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50709,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,50711,50712,50714,50716,50718,50721,50723,50726,50728],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,50713,732],{"class":731},[52,50715,37819],{"class":134},[52,50717,138],{"class":66},[52,50719,50720],{"class":117},"user_name",[52,50722,3102],{"class":66},[52,50724,50725],{"class":62}," >=",[52,50727,958],{"class":947},[52,50729,737],{"class":66},[52,50731,50732,50734,50736,50738,50741,50743],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50733,757],{"class":134},[52,50735,138],{"class":66},[52,50737,71],{"class":70},[52,50739,50740],{"class":74},"Name is long enough",[52,50742,71],{"class":70},[52,50744,144],{"class":66},[38,50746,50748],{"id":50747},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50750,50751,50752,50754],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50753,41795],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50756,50757],{},"Example with a list:",[43,50759,50761],{"className":45,"code":50760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50762,50763,50795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50764,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773,50775,50777,50779,50781,50783,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50766,277],{"class":58},[52,50768,63],{"class":62},[52,50770,3063],{"class":66},[52,50772,71],{"class":70},[52,50774,286],{"class":74},[52,50776,71],{"class":70},[52,50778,80],{"class":66},[52,50780,83],{"class":70},[52,50782,304],{"class":74},[52,50784,71],{"class":70},[52,50786,80],{"class":66},[52,50788,83],{"class":70},[52,50790,295],{"class":74},[52,50792,71],{"class":70},[52,50794,3076],{"class":66},[52,50796,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50798,135],{"class":134},[52,50800,138],{"class":66},[52,50802,1215],{"class":134},[52,50804,138],{"class":66},[52,50806,348],{"class":117},[52,50808,4807],{"class":66},[52,50810,50207],{"class":3105},[20,50812,37349],{},[43,50814,50816],{"className":45,"code":50815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50817,50818,50835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50819,50820,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50821,50822],{"class":58},"point ",[52,50824,63],{"class":62},[52,50826,8684],{"class":66},[52,50828,1770],{"class":947},[52,50830,80],{"class":66},[52,50832,7237],{"class":947},[52,50834,144],{"class":66},[52,50836,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50848,50850],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50838,135],{"class":134},[52,50840,138],{"class":66},[52,50842,1215],{"class":134},[52,50844,138],{"class":66},[52,50846,50847],{"class":117},"point",[52,50849,4807],{"class":66},[52,50851,50852],{"class":3105},"  # 2\n",[20,50854,50855],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[43,50857,50859],{"className":45,"code":50858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50860,50861,50885,50889,50907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50862,50863,50865,50867,50869,50871,50873,50875,50877,50879,50881,50883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50864,59],{"class":58},[52,50866,63],{"class":62},[52,50868,3063],{"class":66},[52,50870,71],{"class":70},[52,50872,75],{"class":74},[52,50874,71],{"class":70},[52,50876,80],{"class":66},[52,50878,83],{"class":70},[52,50880,86],{"class":74},[52,50882,71],{"class":70},[52,50884,3076],{"class":66},[52,50886,50887],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50888,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,50890,50891,50893,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903,50905],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,50892,732],{"class":731},[52,50894,37819],{"class":134},[52,50896,138],{"class":66},[52,50898,154],{"class":117},[52,50900,3102],{"class":66},[52,50902,37829],{"class":62},[52,50904,4944],{"class":947},[52,50906,737],{"class":66},[52,50908,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,50910,757],{"class":134},[52,50912,138],{"class":66},[52,50914,154],{"class":117},[52,50916,3344],{"class":66},[52,50918,948],{"class":947},[52,50920,19885],{"class":66},[52,50922,50923],{"class":3105},"  # banana\n",[20,50925,50926],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[43,50928,50930],{"className":45,"code":50929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50931,50932,50955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50933,50934,50936,50938,50940,50943,50945,50948,50950,50953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50935,4507],{"class":58},[52,50937,63],{"class":62},[52,50939,3063],{"class":66},[52,50941,50942],{"class":947},"88",[52,50944,80],{"class":66},[52,50946,50947],{"class":947}," 91",[52,50949,80],{"class":66},[52,50951,50952],{"class":947}," 75",[52,50954,3076],{"class":66},[52,50956,50957,50959,50961,50963,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,50958,135],{"class":134},[52,50960,138],{"class":66},[52,50962,71],{"class":70},[52,50964,50965],{"class":74},"Number of scores:",[52,50967,71],{"class":70},[52,50969,80],{"class":66},[52,50971,37819],{"class":134},[52,50973,138],{"class":66},[52,50975,15828],{"class":117},[52,50977,1222],{"class":66},[20,50979,50980,50981,114],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[221,50982,50984],{"href":50983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[38,50986,50988],{"id":50987},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50990,50991,50992,50994],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50993,41795],{}," counts keys.",[43,50996,50998],{"className":45,"code":50997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50999,51000,51008,51026,51040,51056,51060,51064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51001,51002,51004,51006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51003,12306],{"class":58},[52,51005,63],{"class":62},[52,51007,10935],{"class":66},[52,51009,51010,51012,51014,51016,51018,51020,51022,51024],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51011,10940],{"class":70},[52,51013,7115],{"class":74},[52,51015,71],{"class":70},[52,51017,202],{"class":66},[52,51019,83],{"class":70},[52,51021,7368],{"class":74},[52,51023,71],{"class":70},[52,51025,10956],{"class":66},[52,51027,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51029,10940],{"class":70},[52,51031,8747],{"class":74},[52,51033,71],{"class":70},[52,51035,202],{"class":66},[52,51037,30373],{"class":947},[52,51039,10956],{"class":66},[52,51041,51042,51044,51046,51048,51050,51052,51054],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51043,10940],{"class":70},[52,51045,19330],{"class":74},[52,51047,71],{"class":70},[52,51049,202],{"class":66},[52,51051,83],{"class":70},[52,51053,21685],{"class":74},[52,51055,2797],{"class":70},[52,51057,51058],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,51059,100],{"class":66},[52,51061,51062],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,51063,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51065,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,51067,135],{"class":134},[52,51069,138],{"class":66},[52,51071,1215],{"class":134},[52,51073,138],{"class":66},[52,51075,13065],{"class":117},[52,51077,4807],{"class":66},[52,51079,50207],{"class":3105},[20,51081,51082,51083,51085],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51084,41795],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51087,51088,51089,51091],{},"For sets, ",[15,51090,41795],{}," counts unique items:",[43,51093,51095],{"className":45,"code":51094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51096,51097,51125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51098,51099,51101,51103,51105,51107,51109,51111,51113,51115,51117,51119,51121,51123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51100,940],{"class":58},[52,51102,63],{"class":62},[52,51104,67],{"class":66},[52,51106,948],{"class":947},[52,51108,80],{"class":66},[52,51110,953],{"class":947},[52,51112,80],{"class":66},[52,51114,958],{"class":947},[52,51116,80],{"class":66},[52,51118,958],{"class":947},[52,51120,80],{"class":66},[52,51122,953],{"class":947},[52,51124,100],{"class":66},[52,51126,51127,51129,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51128,135],{"class":134},[52,51130,138],{"class":66},[52,51132,1215],{"class":134},[52,51134,138],{"class":66},[52,51136,1037],{"class":117},[52,51138,4807],{"class":66},[52,51140,50207],{"class":3105},[20,51142,51143],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51145,51146],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[43,51148,51150],{"className":45,"code":51149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51151,51152,51160,51164,51182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51153,51154,51156,51158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51155,8613],{"class":58},[52,51157,63],{"class":62},[52,51159,9286],{"class":66},[52,51161,51162],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51163,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51165,51166,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51167,732],{"class":731},[52,51169,37819],{"class":134},[52,51171,138],{"class":66},[52,51173,8652],{"class":117},[52,51175,3102],{"class":66},[52,51177,5854],{"class":62},[52,51179,3276],{"class":947},[52,51181,737],{"class":66},[52,51183,51184,51186,51188,51190,51193,51195],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51185,757],{"class":134},[52,51187,138],{"class":66},[52,51189,71],{"class":70},[52,51191,51192],{"class":74},"The dictionary is empty",[52,51194,71],{"class":70},[52,51196,144],{"class":66},[38,51198,40479],{"id":40478},[20,51200,51201,51202,114],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51203,41795],{},[699,51205,51207],{"id":51206},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[43,51209,51211],{"className":45,"code":51210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51212,51213,51221,51225,51243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51214,51215,51217,51219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51216,59],{"class":58},[52,51218,63],{"class":62},[52,51220,7285],{"class":66},[52,51222,51223],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51224,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51226,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51228,732],{"class":731},[52,51230,37819],{"class":134},[52,51232,138],{"class":66},[52,51234,154],{"class":117},[52,51236,3102],{"class":66},[52,51238,5854],{"class":62},[52,51240,3276],{"class":947},[52,51242,737],{"class":66},[52,51244,51245,51247,51249,51251,51254,51256],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51246,757],{"class":134},[52,51248,138],{"class":66},[52,51250,71],{"class":70},[52,51252,51253],{"class":74},"The list is empty",[52,51255,71],{"class":70},[52,51257,144],{"class":66},[699,51259,51261],{"id":51260},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[43,51263,51265],{"className":45,"code":51264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51266,51267,51286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51268,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51282,51284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51270,5601],{"class":58},[52,51272,63],{"class":62},[52,51274,7689],{"class":134},[52,51276,138],{"class":66},[52,51278,71],{"class":70},[52,51280,51281],{"class":74},"Enter a word: ",[52,51283,71],{"class":70},[52,51285,144],{"class":66},[52,51287,51288,51290,51292,51294,51297,51299,51301,51303,51305,51307],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51289,135],{"class":134},[52,51291,138],{"class":66},[52,51293,71],{"class":70},[52,51295,51296],{"class":74},"Number of characters:",[52,51298,71],{"class":70},[52,51300,80],{"class":66},[52,51302,37819],{"class":134},[52,51304,138],{"class":66},[52,51306,37824],{"class":117},[52,51308,1222],{"class":66},[699,51310,51312],{"id":51311},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[43,51314,51316],{"className":45,"code":51315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51317,51318,51332,51336,51354,51369,51375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51319,51320,51323,51325,51327,51330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51321,51322],{"class":58},"password ",[52,51324,63],{"class":62},[52,51326,83],{"class":70},[52,51328,51329],{"class":74},"secret123",[52,51331,2797],{"class":70},[52,51333,51334],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51335,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51337,51338,51340,51342,51344,51346,51348,51350,51352],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51339,732],{"class":731},[52,51341,37819],{"class":134},[52,51343,138],{"class":66},[52,51345,17060],{"class":117},[52,51347,3102],{"class":66},[52,51349,50725],{"class":62},[52,51351,5806],{"class":947},[52,51353,737],{"class":66},[52,51355,51356,51358,51360,51362,51365,51367],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51357,757],{"class":134},[52,51359,138],{"class":66},[52,51361,71],{"class":70},[52,51363,51364],{"class":74},"Password length is valid",[52,51366,71],{"class":70},[52,51368,144],{"class":66},[52,51370,51371,51373],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,51372,777],{"class":731},[52,51374,737],{"class":66},[52,51376,51377,51379,51381,51383,51386,51388],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,51378,757],{"class":134},[52,51380,138],{"class":66},[52,51382,71],{"class":70},[52,51384,51385],{"class":74},"Password is too short",[52,51387,71],{"class":70},[52,51389,144],{"class":66},[699,51391,51393],{"id":51392},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[43,51395,51397],{"className":45,"code":51396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51398,51399,51435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51400,51401,51404,51406,51408,51410,51413,51415,51417,51419,51422,51424,51426,51428,51431,51433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51402,51403],{"class":58},"results ",[52,51405,63],{"class":62},[52,51407,3063],{"class":66},[52,51409,71],{"class":70},[52,51411,51412],{"class":74},"item1",[52,51414,71],{"class":70},[52,51416,80],{"class":66},[52,51418,83],{"class":70},[52,51420,51421],{"class":74},"item2",[52,51423,71],{"class":70},[52,51425,80],{"class":66},[52,51427,83],{"class":70},[52,51429,51430],{"class":74},"item3",[52,51432,71],{"class":70},[52,51434,3076],{"class":66},[52,51436,51437,51439,51441,51443,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51457],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51438,135],{"class":134},[52,51440,138],{"class":66},[52,51442,71],{"class":70},[52,51444,51445],{"class":74},"Items found:",[52,51447,71],{"class":70},[52,51449,80],{"class":66},[52,51451,37819],{"class":134},[52,51453,138],{"class":66},[52,51455,51456],{"class":117},"results",[52,51458,1222],{"class":66},[20,51460,51461],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[38,51463,51465],{"id":51464},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51467,51468,51470],{},[15,51469,41795],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51472,51473,51474,202],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51475,2443],{},[163,51477,51478,51481,51484],{},[166,51479,51480],{},"plain integers",[166,51482,51483],{},"floats",[166,51485,51486],{},[15,51487,3220],{},[20,51489,267],{},[43,51491,51493],{"className":45,"code":51492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51494,51495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51496,51497,51499,51501,51503,51505,51507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51498,135],{"class":134},[52,51500,138],{"class":66},[52,51502,1215],{"class":134},[52,51504,138],{"class":66},[52,51506,1131],{"class":947},[52,51508,1222],{"class":66},[20,51510,51511,51512,51514],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51513,1131],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51516,51517],{},"Another example:",[43,51519,51521],{"className":45,"code":51520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51522,51523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51524,51525,51527,51529,51531,51533,51535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51526,135],{"class":134},[52,51528,138],{"class":66},[52,51530,1215],{"class":134},[52,51532,138],{"class":66},[52,51534,39576],{"class":947},[52,51536,1222],{"class":66},[20,51538,51539,51540,202],{},"And with ",[15,51541,3220],{},[43,51543,51545],{"className":45,"code":51544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51546,51547,51555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51548,51549,51551,51553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51550,965],{"class":58},[52,51552,63],{"class":62},[52,51554,47963],{"class":3295},[52,51556,51557,51559,51561,51563,51565,51567],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51558,135],{"class":134},[52,51560,138],{"class":66},[52,51562,1215],{"class":134},[52,51564,138],{"class":66},[52,51566,985],{"class":117},[52,51568,1222],{"class":66},[20,51570,51571,51572,114],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[221,51573,51575],{"href":51574},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[38,51577,51579],{"id":51578},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51581,51582,51583,51585],{},"Before using ",[15,51584,41795],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51587,51588],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[43,51590,51592],{"className":45,"code":51591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51593,51594,51602,51606,51616,51630,51648,51666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51595,51596,51598,51600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51597,965],{"class":58},[52,51599,63],{"class":62},[52,51601,47963],{"class":3295},[52,51603,51604],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51605,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51607,51608,51610,51612,51614],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51609,135],{"class":134},[52,51611,138],{"class":66},[52,51613,985],{"class":117},[52,51615,144],{"class":66},[52,51617,51618,51620,51622,51624,51626,51628],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51619,135],{"class":134},[52,51621,138],{"class":66},[52,51623,1231],{"class":600},[52,51625,138],{"class":66},[52,51627,985],{"class":117},[52,51629,1222],{"class":66},[52,51631,51632,51634,51636,51638,51640,51642,51644,51646],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,51633,135],{"class":134},[52,51635,138],{"class":66},[52,51637,48311],{"class":134},[52,51639,138],{"class":66},[52,51641,985],{"class":117},[52,51643,80],{"class":66},[52,51645,48340],{"class":600},[52,51647,1222],{"class":66},[52,51649,51650,51652,51654,51656,51658,51660,51662,51664],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,51651,135],{"class":134},[52,51653,138],{"class":66},[52,51655,48311],{"class":134},[52,51657,138],{"class":66},[52,51659,985],{"class":117},[52,51661,80],{"class":66},[52,51663,22000],{"class":600},[52,51665,1222],{"class":66},[52,51667,51668,51670,51672,51674,51676,51678,51680,51682],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,51669,135],{"class":134},[52,51671,138],{"class":66},[52,51673,48311],{"class":134},[52,51675,138],{"class":66},[52,51677,985],{"class":117},[52,51679,80],{"class":66},[52,51681,8618],{"class":600},[52,51683,1222],{"class":66},[20,51685,51686],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51688,51689],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[43,51691,51693],{"className":45,"code":51692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51694,51695,51707,51711,51725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51696,51697,51699,51701,51703,51705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51698,965],{"class":58},[52,51700,63],{"class":62},[52,51702,83],{"class":70},[52,51704,3288],{"class":74},[52,51706,2797],{"class":70},[52,51708,51709],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51710,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51712,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51714,732],{"class":731},[52,51716,21024],{"class":58},[52,51718,11637],{"class":62},[52,51720,7546],{"class":62},[52,51722,3296],{"class":3295},[52,51724,737],{"class":66},[52,51726,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51728,757],{"class":134},[52,51730,138],{"class":66},[52,51732,1215],{"class":134},[52,51734,138],{"class":66},[52,51736,985],{"class":117},[52,51738,1222],{"class":66},[20,51740,51741,51742,114],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[221,51743,7889],{"href":1738},[38,51745,1158],{"id":1157},[20,51747,22535,51748,202],{},[15,51749,41795],{},[163,51751,51752,51760,51768,51776,51782],{},[166,51753,1185,51754,51756,51757],{},[15,51755,41795],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51758,51759],{},"len(5)",[166,51761,1185,51762,51764,51765],{},[15,51763,41795],{}," on a float like ",[15,51766,51767],{},"len(3.14)",[166,51769,1185,51770,51772,51773,51775],{},[15,51771,41795],{}," on ",[15,51774,3220],{}," after a function returns nothing",[166,51777,4022,51778,51781],{},[15,51779,51780],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[166,51783,51784],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51786,51787],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[43,51789,51791],{"className":45,"code":51790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51792,51793,51829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51794,51795,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51796,12643],{"class":58},[52,51798,63],{"class":62},[52,51800,67],{"class":66},[52,51802,71],{"class":70},[52,51804,7115],{"class":74},[52,51806,71],{"class":70},[52,51808,202],{"class":66},[52,51810,83],{"class":70},[52,51812,12323],{"class":74},[52,51814,71],{"class":70},[52,51816,80],{"class":66},[52,51818,83],{"class":70},[52,51820,8747],{"class":74},[52,51822,71],{"class":70},[52,51824,202],{"class":66},[52,51826,7237],{"class":947},[52,51828,100],{"class":66},[52,51830,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51832,135],{"class":134},[52,51834,138],{"class":66},[52,51836,1215],{"class":134},[52,51838,138],{"class":66},[52,51840,16747],{"class":117},[52,51842,4807],{"class":66},[52,51844,50852],{"class":3105},[20,51846,37027,51847,51849,51850,803,51852,114],{},[15,51848,1047],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51851,14680],{},[15,51853,51854],{},"\"age\"",[20,51856,51857],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[43,51859,51861],{"className":45,"code":51860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51862,51863,51876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51864,51865,51867,51869,51871,51874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51866,34120],{"class":58},[52,51868,63],{"class":62},[52,51870,83],{"class":70},[52,51872,51873],{"class":74},"a b",[52,51875,2797],{"class":70},[52,51877,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888,51890],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51879,135],{"class":134},[52,51881,138],{"class":66},[52,51883,1215],{"class":134},[52,51885,138],{"class":66},[52,51887,34141],{"class":117},[52,51889,4807],{"class":66},[52,51891,50207],{"class":3105},[20,51893,51894],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[38,51896,1273],{"id":1272},[699,51898,51900],{"id":51899},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51902,51903],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[699,51905,51907],{"id":51906},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51909,51910],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[699,51912,51914],{"id":51913},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51916,51917],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[699,51919,51921],{"id":51920},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51923,51924,51925,51927,51928,456,51930,51932,51933,114],{},"No. Using ",[15,51926,41795],{}," on an ",[15,51929,1626],{},[15,51931,1630],{}," raises a ",[15,51934,2443],{},[699,51936,51938],{"id":51937},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51940,7210,51941,114],{},[15,51942,51943],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51945,267],{},[43,51947,51949],{"className":45,"code":51948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51950,51951,51959,51963,51981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51952,51953,51955,51957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51954,7755],{"class":58},[52,51956,63],{"class":62},[52,51958,7285],{"class":66},[52,51960,51961],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,51962,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,51964,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,51966,732],{"class":731},[52,51968,37819],{"class":134},[52,51970,138],{"class":66},[52,51972,7786],{"class":117},[52,51974,3102],{"class":66},[52,51976,5854],{"class":62},[52,51978,3276],{"class":947},[52,51980,737],{"class":66},[52,51982,51983,51985,51987,51989,51992,51994],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,51984,757],{"class":134},[52,51986,138],{"class":66},[52,51988,71],{"class":70},[52,51990,51991],{"class":74},"Empty list",[52,51993,71],{"class":70},[52,51995,144],{"class":66},[20,51997,51998,51999,52001,52002,52004,52005,52007],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52000,3116],{}," in an ",[15,52003,732],{}," statement, but ",[15,52006,41795],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[38,52009,1332],{"id":1331},[163,52011,52012,52016,52020,52024,52029,52033,52039],{},[166,52013,52014],{},[221,52015,50413],{"href":50412},[166,52017,52018],{},[221,52019,50417],{"href":50416},[166,52021,52022],{},[221,52023,8603],{"href":8602},[166,52025,52026],{},[221,52027,52028],{"href":50983},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[166,52030,52031],{},[221,52032,7889],{"href":1738},[166,52034,52035],{},[221,52036,52038],{"href":52037},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[166,52040,52041],{},[221,52042,52043],{"href":51574},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1364,52045,52046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":52048},[52049,52050,52051,52052,52053,52054,52055,52061,52062,52063,52064,52071],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":50215,"depth":103,"text":50216},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":50560,"depth":103,"text":50561},{"id":50747,"depth":103,"text":50748},{"id":50987,"depth":103,"text":50988},{"id":40478,"depth":103,"text":40479,"children":52056},[52057,52058,52059,52060],{"id":51206,"depth":124,"text":51207},{"id":51260,"depth":124,"text":51261},{"id":51311,"depth":124,"text":51312},{"id":51392,"depth":124,"text":51393},{"id":51464,"depth":103,"text":51465},{"id":51578,"depth":103,"text":51579},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":52065},[52066,52067,52068,52069,52070],{"id":51899,"depth":124,"text":51900},{"id":51906,"depth":124,"text":51907},{"id":51913,"depth":124,"text":51914},{"id":51920,"depth":124,"text":51921},{"id":51937,"depth":124,"text":51938},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50098,"description":52072},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52079,"title":52080,"body":52081,"description":53766,"extension":1401,"meta":53767,"navigation":127,"path":53768,"seo":53769,"stem":53770,"__hash__":53771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52082,"toc":53739},[52083,52086,52100,52106,52108,52162,52167,52171,52187,52190,52204,52210,52212,52215,52234,52250,52252,52328,52330,52367,52378,52380,52383,52444,52446,52479,52482,52488,52492,52495,52620,52622,52681,52689,52742,52744,52771,52777,52787,52791,52794,52799,52851,52853,52879,52885,52939,52941,52966,52969,52993,52999,53001,53005,53007,53064,53066,53074,53076,53098,53100,53153,53155,53179,53183,53185,53224,53226,53234,53240,53244,53296,53298,53324,53332,53336,53341,53350,53352,53418,53420,53452,53456,53461,53463,53477,53480,53553,53555,53581,53583,53587,53594,53598,53605,53609,53612,53614,53667,53669,53695,53699,53708,53710,53736],[10,52084,52080],{"id":52085},"python-list-append-method",[20,52087,1418,52088,52091,52092,52095,52096,52099],{},[15,52089,52090],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52093,52094],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52097,52098],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52101,52102,52103,52105],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52104,32],{}," create a new list.",[38,52107,3049],{"id":3048},[43,52109,52111],{"className":45,"code":52110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52112,52113,52133,52147,52157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52114,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52116,940],{"class":58},[52,52118,63],{"class":62},[52,52120,3063],{"class":66},[52,52122,948],{"class":947},[52,52124,80],{"class":66},[52,52126,953],{"class":947},[52,52128,80],{"class":66},[52,52130,958],{"class":947},[52,52132,3076],{"class":66},[52,52134,52135,52137,52139,52141,52143,52145],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52136,1037],{"class":58},[52,52138,114],{"class":66},[52,52140,12992],{"class":117},[52,52142,138],{"class":66},[52,52144,1943],{"class":947},[52,52146,144],{"class":66},[52,52148,52149,52151,52153,52155],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52150,135],{"class":134},[52,52152,138],{"class":66},[52,52154,1037],{"class":117},[52,52156,144],{"class":66},[52,52158,52159],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52160,52161],{"class":3105},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52163,799,52164,52166],{},[15,52165,52090],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[38,52168,52170],{"id":52169},"what-append-does","What append() does",[163,52172,52173,52178,52181,52184],{},[166,52174,52175,52177],{},[15,52176,52090],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[166,52179,52180],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[166,52182,52183],{},"It does not create a new list",[166,52185,52186],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52188,52189],{},"This means you can append:",[163,52191,52192,52194,52196,52198,52200,52202],{},[166,52193,1037],{},[166,52195,4754],{},[166,52197,40027],{},[166,52199,4745],{},[166,52201,6697],{},[166,52203,34094],{},[20,52205,52206,52207,114],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[221,52208,52209],{"href":50416},"Python lists explained for beginners",[38,52211,4877],{"id":4876},[20,52213,52214],{},"Basic form:",[43,52216,52218],{"className":45,"code":52217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52219,52220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52221,52222,52224,52226,52228,52230,52232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52223,7786],{"class":58},[52,52225,114],{"class":66},[52,52227,12992],{"class":117},[52,52229,138],{"class":66},[52,52231,337],{"class":117},[52,52233,144],{"class":66},[163,52235,52236,52241,52246],{},[166,52237,52238,52240],{},[15,52239,7786],{}," is the list you want to change",[166,52242,52243,52245],{},[15,52244,337],{}," is the value or object to add",[166,52247,11354,52248],{},[15,52249,3220],{},[20,52251,267],{},[43,52253,52255],{"className":45,"code":52254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52256,52257,52281,52304,52308,52318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52258,52259,52261,52263,52265,52267,52269,52271,52273,52275,52277,52279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52260,393],{"class":58},[52,52262,63],{"class":62},[52,52264,3063],{"class":66},[52,52266,71],{"class":70},[52,52268,75],{"class":74},[52,52270,71],{"class":70},[52,52272,80],{"class":66},[52,52274,83],{"class":70},[52,52276,86],{"class":74},[52,52278,71],{"class":70},[52,52280,3076],{"class":66},[52,52282,52283,52285,52287,52290,52292,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52284,1668],{"class":58},[52,52286,63],{"class":62},[52,52288,52289],{"class":58}," fruits",[52,52291,114],{"class":66},[52,52293,12992],{"class":117},[52,52295,138],{"class":66},[52,52297,71],{"class":70},[52,52299,32652],{"class":74},[52,52301,71],{"class":70},[52,52303,144],{"class":66},[52,52305,52306],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52307,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52309,52310,52312,52314,52316],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52311,135],{"class":134},[52,52313,138],{"class":66},[52,52315,426],{"class":117},[52,52317,144],{"class":66},[52,52319,52320,52322,52324,52326],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,52321,135],{"class":134},[52,52323,138],{"class":66},[52,52325,1703],{"class":117},[52,52327,144],{"class":66},[20,52329,1509],{},[43,52331,52333],{"className":45,"code":52332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52334,52335,52363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52336,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349,52351,52353,52355,52357,52359,52361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52338,3344],{"class":66},[52,52340,608],{"class":70},[52,52342,75],{"class":74},[52,52344,608],{"class":70},[52,52346,80],{"class":66},[52,52348,617],{"class":70},[52,52350,86],{"class":74},[52,52352,608],{"class":70},[52,52354,80],{"class":66},[52,52356,617],{"class":70},[52,52358,32652],{"class":74},[52,52360,608],{"class":70},[52,52362,3076],{"class":66},[52,52364,52365],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52366,11251],{"class":3295},[20,52368,52369,52370,52372,52373,52375,52376,114],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52371,52090],{}," updates ",[15,52374,426],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52377,3220],{},[38,52379,10917],{"id":10916},[20,52381,52382],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[43,52384,52386],{"className":45,"code":52385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52387,52388,52412,52430,52434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52389,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398,52400,52402,52404,52406,52408,52410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52391,277],{"class":58},[52,52393,63],{"class":62},[52,52395,3063],{"class":66},[52,52397,71],{"class":70},[52,52399,286],{"class":74},[52,52401,71],{"class":70},[52,52403,80],{"class":66},[52,52405,83],{"class":70},[52,52407,295],{"class":74},[52,52409,71],{"class":70},[52,52411,3076],{"class":66},[52,52413,52414,52416,52418,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52415,348],{"class":58},[52,52417,114],{"class":66},[52,52419,12992],{"class":117},[52,52421,138],{"class":66},[52,52423,71],{"class":70},[52,52425,304],{"class":74},[52,52427,71],{"class":70},[52,52429,144],{"class":66},[52,52431,52432],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52433,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52435,52436,52438,52440,52442],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52437,135],{"class":134},[52,52439,138],{"class":66},[52,52441,348],{"class":117},[52,52443,144],{"class":66},[20,52445,1509],{},[43,52447,52449],{"className":45,"code":52448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52450,52451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52452,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52454,3344],{"class":66},[52,52456,608],{"class":70},[52,52458,286],{"class":74},[52,52460,608],{"class":70},[52,52462,80],{"class":66},[52,52464,617],{"class":70},[52,52466,295],{"class":74},[52,52468,608],{"class":70},[52,52470,80],{"class":66},[52,52472,617],{"class":70},[52,52474,304],{"class":74},[52,52476,608],{"class":70},[52,52478,3076],{"class":66},[20,52480,52481],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52483,30513,52484,114],{},[221,52485,52487],{"href":52486},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[38,52489,52491],{"id":52490},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52493,52494],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[43,52496,52498],{"className":45,"code":52497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52499,52500,52508,52512,52526,52544,52558,52584,52606,52610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52501,52502,52504,52506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52503,59],{"class":58},[52,52505,63],{"class":62},[52,52507,7285],{"class":66},[52,52509,52510],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52511,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52513,52514,52516,52518,52520,52522,52524],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52515,154],{"class":58},[52,52517,114],{"class":66},[52,52519,12992],{"class":117},[52,52521,138],{"class":66},[52,52523,1770],{"class":947},[52,52525,144],{"class":66},[52,52527,52528,52530,52532,52534,52536,52538,52540,52542],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52529,154],{"class":58},[52,52531,114],{"class":66},[52,52533,12992],{"class":117},[52,52535,138],{"class":66},[52,52537,71],{"class":70},[52,52539,3288],{"class":74},[52,52541,71],{"class":70},[52,52543,144],{"class":66},[52,52545,52546,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,52547,154],{"class":58},[52,52549,114],{"class":66},[52,52551,12992],{"class":117},[52,52553,138],{"class":66},[52,52555,3044],{"class":3295},[52,52557,144],{"class":66},[52,52559,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,52561,154],{"class":58},[52,52563,114],{"class":66},[52,52565,12992],{"class":117},[52,52567,4976],{"class":66},[52,52569,71],{"class":70},[52,52571,7115],{"class":74},[52,52573,71],{"class":70},[52,52575,202],{"class":66},[52,52577,83],{"class":70},[52,52579,7124],{"class":74},[52,52581,71],{"class":70},[52,52583,29926],{"class":66},[52,52585,52586,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,52587,154],{"class":58},[52,52589,114],{"class":66},[52,52591,12992],{"class":117},[52,52593,2424],{"class":66},[52,52595,948],{"class":947},[52,52597,80],{"class":66},[52,52599,953],{"class":947},[52,52601,80],{"class":66},[52,52603,958],{"class":947},[52,52605,3332],{"class":66},[52,52607,52608],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,52609,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52611,52612,52614,52616,52618],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,52613,135],{"class":134},[52,52615,138],{"class":66},[52,52617,154],{"class":117},[52,52619,144],{"class":66},[20,52621,1509],{},[43,52623,52625],{"className":45,"code":52624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52626,52627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52628,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647,52649,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663,52666,52668,52670,52672,52674,52676,52678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52630,3344],{"class":66},[52,52632,1770],{"class":947},[52,52634,80],{"class":66},[52,52636,617],{"class":70},[52,52638,3288],{"class":74},[52,52640,608],{"class":70},[52,52642,80],{"class":66},[52,52644,3360],{"class":3295},[52,52646,80],{"class":66},[52,52648,67],{"class":66},[52,52650,608],{"class":70},[52,52652,7115],{"class":74},[52,52654,608],{"class":70},[52,52656,202],{"class":66},[52,52658,617],{"class":70},[52,52660,7124],{"class":74},[52,52662,608],{"class":70},[52,52664,52665],{"class":66},"},",[52,52667,3063],{"class":66},[52,52669,948],{"class":947},[52,52671,80],{"class":66},[52,52673,953],{"class":947},[52,52675,80],{"class":66},[52,52677,958],{"class":947},[52,52679,52680],{"class":66},"]]\n",[20,52682,52683,52684,41589,52686,114],{},"A list added with ",[15,52685,52090],{},[30,52687,52688],{},"one single item",[43,52690,52692],{"className":45,"code":52691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52693,52694,52710,52728,52732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52695,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706,52708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52697,940],{"class":58},[52,52699,63],{"class":62},[52,52701,3063],{"class":66},[52,52703,948],{"class":947},[52,52705,80],{"class":66},[52,52707,953],{"class":947},[52,52709,3076],{"class":66},[52,52711,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52713,1037],{"class":58},[52,52715,114],{"class":66},[52,52717,12992],{"class":117},[52,52719,2424],{"class":66},[52,52721,1500],{"class":947},[52,52723,80],{"class":66},[52,52725,1896],{"class":947},[52,52727,3332],{"class":66},[52,52729,52730],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52731,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52733,52734,52736,52738,52740],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52735,135],{"class":134},[52,52737,138],{"class":66},[52,52739,1037],{"class":117},[52,52741,144],{"class":66},[20,52743,1509],{},[43,52745,52747],{"className":45,"code":52746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52748,52749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52750,52751,52753,52755,52757,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52752,3344],{"class":66},[52,52754,948],{"class":947},[52,52756,80],{"class":66},[52,52758,953],{"class":947},[52,52760,80],{"class":66},[52,52762,3063],{"class":66},[52,52764,1500],{"class":947},[52,52766,80],{"class":66},[52,52768,1896],{"class":947},[52,52770,52680],{"class":66},[20,52772,1725,52773,52776],{},[15,52774,52775],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52778,52779,52780,52786],{},"This is different from ",[221,52781,52783],{"href":52782},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52784,52785],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[38,52788,52790],{"id":52789},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52792,52793],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[699,52795,1185,52797],{"id":52796},"using-append",[15,52798,52090],{},[43,52800,52801],{"className":45,"code":52691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,52802,52803,52819,52837,52841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52804,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52806,940],{"class":58},[52,52808,63],{"class":62},[52,52810,3063],{"class":66},[52,52812,948],{"class":947},[52,52814,80],{"class":66},[52,52816,953],{"class":947},[52,52818,3076],{"class":66},[52,52820,52821,52823,52825,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52822,1037],{"class":58},[52,52824,114],{"class":66},[52,52826,12992],{"class":117},[52,52828,2424],{"class":66},[52,52830,1500],{"class":947},[52,52832,80],{"class":66},[52,52834,1896],{"class":947},[52,52836,3332],{"class":66},[52,52838,52839],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52840,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52842,52843,52845,52847,52849],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52844,135],{"class":134},[52,52846,138],{"class":66},[52,52848,1037],{"class":117},[52,52850,144],{"class":66},[20,52852,1509],{},[43,52854,52855],{"className":45,"code":52746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,52856,52857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52858,52859,52861,52863,52865,52867,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52860,3344],{"class":66},[52,52862,948],{"class":947},[52,52864,80],{"class":66},[52,52866,953],{"class":947},[52,52868,80],{"class":66},[52,52870,3063],{"class":66},[52,52872,1500],{"class":947},[52,52874,80],{"class":66},[52,52876,1896],{"class":947},[52,52878,52680],{"class":66},[699,52880,1185,52882],{"id":52881},"using-extend",[15,52883,52884],{},"extend()",[43,52886,52888],{"className":45,"code":52887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52889,52890,52906,52925,52929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52891,52892,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52893,940],{"class":58},[52,52895,63],{"class":62},[52,52897,3063],{"class":66},[52,52899,948],{"class":947},[52,52901,80],{"class":66},[52,52903,953],{"class":947},[52,52905,3076],{"class":66},[52,52907,52908,52910,52912,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,52909,1037],{"class":58},[52,52911,114],{"class":66},[52,52913,52914],{"class":117},"extend",[52,52916,2424],{"class":66},[52,52918,1500],{"class":947},[52,52920,80],{"class":66},[52,52922,1896],{"class":947},[52,52924,3332],{"class":66},[52,52926,52927],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,52928,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,52930,52931,52933,52935,52937],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,52932,135],{"class":134},[52,52934,138],{"class":66},[52,52936,1037],{"class":117},[52,52938,144],{"class":66},[20,52940,1509],{},[43,52942,52944],{"className":45,"code":52943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52945,52946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52947,52948,52950,52952,52954,52956,52958,52960,52962,52964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52949,3344],{"class":66},[52,52951,948],{"class":947},[52,52953,80],{"class":66},[52,52955,953],{"class":947},[52,52957,80],{"class":66},[52,52959,958],{"class":947},[52,52961,80],{"class":66},[52,52963,1896],{"class":947},[52,52965,3076],{"class":66},[20,52967,52968],{},"The difference:",[163,52970,52971,52977,52983,52988],{},[166,52972,52973,52976],{},[15,52974,52975],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[166,52978,52979,52982],{},[15,52980,52981],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[166,52984,799,52985,52987],{},[15,52986,52090],{}," for one item",[166,52989,799,52990,52992],{},[15,52991,52884],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52994,52995,52996,114],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[221,52997,52998],{"href":52782},"Python list extend() method",[38,53000,3961],{"id":3960},[699,53002,53004],{"id":53003},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53006,25131],{},[43,53008,53010],{"className":45,"code":53009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53011,53012,53032,53050,53054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53013,53014,53016,53018,53020,53022,53024,53026,53028,53030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53015,59],{"class":58},[52,53017,63],{"class":62},[52,53019,3063],{"class":66},[52,53021,948],{"class":947},[52,53023,80],{"class":66},[52,53025,953],{"class":947},[52,53027,80],{"class":66},[52,53029,958],{"class":947},[52,53031,3076],{"class":66},[52,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53035,59],{"class":58},[52,53037,63],{"class":62},[52,53039,111],{"class":58},[52,53041,114],{"class":66},[52,53043,12992],{"class":117},[52,53045,138],{"class":66},[52,53047,1943],{"class":947},[52,53049,144],{"class":66},[52,53051,53052],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53053,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53055,53056,53058,53060,53062],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53057,135],{"class":134},[52,53059,138],{"class":66},[52,53061,154],{"class":117},[52,53063,144],{"class":66},[20,53065,1509],{},[43,53067,53068],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53069,53070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53071,53072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53073,11251],{"class":3295},[20,53075,11343],{},[163,53077,53078,53083,53089],{},[166,53079,53080,53082],{},[15,53081,52090],{}," changes the list in place",[166,53084,53085,1837,53087],{},[15,53086,52090],{},[15,53088,3220],{},[166,53090,53091,53092,53095,53096],{},"So ",[15,53093,53094],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53097,3220],{},[20,53099,10252],{},[43,53101,53103],{"className":45,"code":53102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53104,53105,53125,53139,53143],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53106,53107,53109,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53108,59],{"class":58},[52,53110,63],{"class":62},[52,53112,3063],{"class":66},[52,53114,948],{"class":947},[52,53116,80],{"class":66},[52,53118,953],{"class":947},[52,53120,80],{"class":66},[52,53122,958],{"class":947},[52,53124,3076],{"class":66},[52,53126,53127,53129,53131,53133,53135,53137],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53128,154],{"class":58},[52,53130,114],{"class":66},[52,53132,12992],{"class":117},[52,53134,138],{"class":66},[52,53136,1943],{"class":947},[52,53138,144],{"class":66},[52,53140,53141],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53142,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53144,53145,53147,53149,53151],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53146,135],{"class":134},[52,53148,138],{"class":66},[52,53150,154],{"class":117},[52,53152,144],{"class":66},[20,53154,1509],{},[43,53156,53157],{"className":45,"code":52943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53158,53159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53160,53161,53163,53165,53167,53169,53171,53173,53175,53177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53162,3344],{"class":66},[52,53164,948],{"class":947},[52,53166,80],{"class":66},[52,53168,953],{"class":947},[52,53170,80],{"class":66},[52,53172,958],{"class":947},[52,53174,80],{"class":66},[52,53176,1896],{"class":947},[52,53178,3076],{"class":66},[699,53180,53182],{"id":53181},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53184,18353],{},[43,53186,53188],{"className":45,"code":53187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53189,53190,53214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53191,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53193,31313],{"class":58},[52,53195,63],{"class":62},[52,53197,3063],{"class":66},[52,53199,948],{"class":947},[52,53201,80],{"class":66},[52,53203,953],{"class":947},[52,53205,12989],{"class":66},[52,53207,12992],{"class":117},[52,53209,138],{"class":66},[52,53211,1500],{"class":947},[52,53213,144],{"class":66},[52,53215,53216,53218,53220,53222],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53217,135],{"class":134},[52,53219,138],{"class":66},[52,53221,31332],{"class":117},[52,53223,144],{"class":66},[20,53225,1509],{},[43,53227,53228],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53229,53230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53231,53232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53233,11251],{"class":3295},[20,53235,53236,53237,53239],{},"Remember: ",[15,53238,52090],{}," updates the list you already have.",[699,53241,53243],{"id":53242},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[43,53245,53246],{"className":45,"code":52691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53247,53248,53264,53282,53286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53249,53250,53252,53254,53256,53258,53260,53262],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53251,940],{"class":58},[52,53253,63],{"class":62},[52,53255,3063],{"class":66},[52,53257,948],{"class":947},[52,53259,80],{"class":66},[52,53261,953],{"class":947},[52,53263,3076],{"class":66},[52,53265,53266,53268,53270,53272,53274,53276,53278,53280],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53267,1037],{"class":58},[52,53269,114],{"class":66},[52,53271,12992],{"class":117},[52,53273,2424],{"class":66},[52,53275,1500],{"class":947},[52,53277,80],{"class":66},[52,53279,1896],{"class":947},[52,53281,3332],{"class":66},[52,53283,53284],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53285,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53287,53288,53290,53292,53294],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53289,135],{"class":134},[52,53291,138],{"class":66},[52,53293,1037],{"class":117},[52,53295,144],{"class":66},[20,53297,1509],{},[43,53299,53300],{"className":45,"code":52746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53301,53302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53303,53304,53306,53308,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53305,3344],{"class":66},[52,53307,948],{"class":947},[52,53309,80],{"class":66},[52,53311,953],{"class":947},[52,53313,80],{"class":66},[52,53315,3063],{"class":66},[52,53317,1500],{"class":947},[52,53319,80],{"class":66},[52,53321,1896],{"class":947},[52,53323,52680],{"class":66},[20,53325,2608,53326,53329,53330,6077],{},[15,53327,53328],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53331,52884],{},[699,53333,53335],{"id":53334},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53337,53338,53340],{},[15,53339,52090],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53342,53343,53344,114],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[221,53345,53347],{"href":53346},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53348,53349],{},"list.insert()",[20,53351,267],{},[43,53353,53355],{"className":45,"code":53354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53356,53357,53381,53404,53408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53358,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375,53377,53379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53360,35524],{"class":58},[52,53362,63],{"class":62},[52,53364,3063],{"class":66},[52,53366,71],{"class":70},[52,53368,221],{"class":74},[52,53370,71],{"class":70},[52,53372,80],{"class":66},[52,53374,83],{"class":70},[52,53376,9187],{"class":74},[52,53378,71],{"class":70},[52,53380,3076],{"class":66},[52,53382,53383,53385,53387,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53384,35577],{"class":58},[52,53386,114],{"class":66},[52,53388,53389],{"class":117},"insert",[52,53391,138],{"class":66},[52,53393,948],{"class":947},[52,53395,80],{"class":66},[52,53397,83],{"class":70},[52,53399,4204],{"class":74},[52,53401,71],{"class":70},[52,53403,144],{"class":66},[52,53405,53406],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53407,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53409,53410,53412,53414,53416],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53411,135],{"class":134},[52,53413,138],{"class":66},[52,53415,35577],{"class":117},[52,53417,144],{"class":66},[20,53419,1509],{},[43,53421,53422],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53423,53424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53425,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444,53446,53448,53450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53427,3344],{"class":66},[52,53429,608],{"class":70},[52,53431,221],{"class":74},[52,53433,608],{"class":70},[52,53435,80],{"class":66},[52,53437,617],{"class":70},[52,53439,4204],{"class":74},[52,53441,608],{"class":70},[52,53443,80],{"class":66},[52,53445,617],{"class":70},[52,53447,9187],{"class":74},[52,53449,608],{"class":70},[52,53451,3076],{"class":66},[38,53453,53455],{"id":53454},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53457,53458,53460],{},[15,53459,52090],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53462,35858],{},[163,53464,53465,53468,53471,53474],{},[166,53466,53467],{},"building a list in a loop",[166,53469,53470],{},"collecting user input",[166,53472,53473],{},"storing results step by step",[166,53475,53476],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53478,53479],{},"Example with a loop:",[43,53481,53483],{"className":45,"code":53482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53484,53485,53494,53498,53519,53538,53542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53486,53487,53490,53492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53488,53489],{"class":58},"squares ",[52,53491,63],{"class":62},[52,53493,7285],{"class":66},[52,53495,53496],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53497,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53499,53500,53502,53504,53506,53509,53511,53513,53515,53517],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53501,5405],{"class":731},[52,53503,5833],{"class":58},[52,53505,3326],{"class":731},[52,53507,53508],{"class":134}," range",[52,53510,138],{"class":66},[52,53512,948],{"class":947},[52,53514,80],{"class":66},[52,53516,4048],{"class":947},[52,53518,7789],{"class":66},[52,53520,53521,53524,53526,53528,53530,53532,53534,53536],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53522,53523],{"class":58},"    squares",[52,53525,114],{"class":66},[52,53527,12992],{"class":117},[52,53529,138],{"class":66},[52,53531,1655],{"class":117},[52,53533,39305],{"class":62},[52,53535,1635],{"class":117},[52,53537,144],{"class":66},[52,53539,53540],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,53541,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53543,53544,53546,53548,53551],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,53545,135],{"class":134},[52,53547,138],{"class":66},[52,53549,53550],{"class":117},"squares",[52,53552,144],{"class":66},[20,53554,1509],{},[43,53556,53558],{"className":45,"code":53557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53559,53560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53561,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572,53575,53577,53579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53563,3344],{"class":66},[52,53565,948],{"class":947},[52,53567,80],{"class":66},[52,53569,1896],{"class":947},[52,53571,80],{"class":66},[52,53573,53574],{"class":947}," 9",[52,53576,80],{"class":66},[52,53578,13427],{"class":947},[52,53580,3076],{"class":66},[38,53582,1273],{"id":1272},[699,53584,53586],{"id":53585},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53588,45800,53589,53591,53592,114],{},[15,53590,52090],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53593,3220],{},[699,53595,53597],{"id":53596},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53599,53600,53601,114],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[221,53602,53603],{"href":52782},[15,53604,52884],{},[699,53606,53608],{"id":53607},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53610,53611],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53613,267],{},[43,53615,53617],{"className":45,"code":53616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53618,53619,53635,53653,53657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53620,53621,53623,53625,53627,53629,53631,53633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53622,8613],{"class":58},[52,53624,63],{"class":62},[52,53626,3063],{"class":66},[52,53628,948],{"class":947},[52,53630,80],{"class":66},[52,53632,953],{"class":947},[52,53634,3076],{"class":66},[52,53636,53637,53639,53641,53643,53645,53647,53649,53651],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53638,8652],{"class":58},[52,53640,114],{"class":66},[52,53642,12992],{"class":117},[52,53644,2424],{"class":66},[52,53646,1500],{"class":947},[52,53648,80],{"class":66},[52,53650,1896],{"class":947},[52,53652,3332],{"class":66},[52,53654,53655],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53656,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53658,53659,53661,53663,53665],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53660,135],{"class":134},[52,53662,138],{"class":66},[52,53664,8652],{"class":117},[52,53666,144],{"class":66},[20,53668,1509],{},[43,53670,53671],{"className":45,"code":52746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53672,53673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53674,53675,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691,53693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53676,3344],{"class":66},[52,53678,948],{"class":947},[52,53680,80],{"class":66},[52,53682,953],{"class":947},[52,53684,80],{"class":66},[52,53686,3063],{"class":66},[52,53688,1500],{"class":947},[52,53690,80],{"class":66},[52,53692,1896],{"class":947},[52,53694,52680],{"class":66},[699,53696,53698],{"id":53697},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53700,53701,53703,53704,53707],{},[15,53702,52090],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53705,53706],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[38,53709,1332],{"id":1331},[163,53711,53712,53717,53721,53726,53730],{},[166,53713,53714],{},[221,53715,53716],{"href":52486},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[166,53718,53719],{},[221,53720,52998],{"href":52782},[166,53722,53723],{},[221,53724,53725],{"href":53346},"Python list insert() method",[166,53727,53728],{},[221,53729,52209],{"href":50416},[166,53731,53732],{},[221,53733,53735],{"href":53734},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1364,53737,53738],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":53740},[53741,53742,53743,53744,53745,53746,53752,53758,53759,53765],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":52169,"depth":103,"text":52170},{"id":4876,"depth":103,"text":4877},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":52490,"depth":103,"text":52491},{"id":52789,"depth":103,"text":52790,"children":53747},[53748,53750],{"id":52796,"depth":124,"text":53749},"Using append()",{"id":52881,"depth":124,"text":53751},"Using extend()",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":53753},[53754,53755,53756,53757],{"id":53003,"depth":124,"text":53004},{"id":53181,"depth":124,"text":53182},{"id":53242,"depth":124,"text":53243},{"id":53334,"depth":124,"text":53335},{"id":53454,"depth":103,"text":53455},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":53760},[53761,53762,53763,53764],{"id":53585,"depth":124,"text":53586},{"id":53596,"depth":124,"text":53597},{"id":53607,"depth":124,"text":53608},{"id":53697,"depth":124,"text":53698},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52080,"description":53766},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53773,"title":53774,"body":53775,"description":55016,"extension":1401,"meta":55017,"navigation":127,"path":55018,"seo":55019,"stem":55020,"__hash__":55021},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53776,"toc":54981},[53777,53783,53789,53795,53797,53845,53850,53855,53859,53875,53881,53883,53886,53901,53903,53914,53916,53918,53975,53977,53985,53987,54003,54009,54011,54017,54021,54105,54108,54157,54164,54172,54175,54189,54202,54208,54283,54290,54297,54371,54379,54382,54393,54402,54406,54410,54421,54423,54500,54520,54522,54532,54535,54583,54585,54606,54609,54611,54662,54668,54675,54742,54748,54754,54757,54784,54789,54795,54798,54870,54873,54884,54890,54892,54898,54901,54907,54913,54920,54928,54934,54940,54942,54978],[10,53778,53780,53781,18],{"id":53779},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53782,10763],{},[20,53784,53785,53788],{},[15,53786,53787],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53790,53791,53792,53794],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,53793,10775],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[38,53796,3049],{"id":3048},[43,53798,53800],{"className":45,"code":53799,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53801,53802,53822,53832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53803,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53805,59],{"class":58},[52,53807,63],{"class":62},[52,53809,3063],{"class":66},[52,53811,948],{"class":947},[52,53813,80],{"class":66},[52,53815,953],{"class":947},[52,53817,80],{"class":66},[52,53819,958],{"class":947},[52,53821,3076],{"class":66},[52,53823,53824,53826,53828,53830],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53825,154],{"class":58},[52,53827,114],{"class":66},[52,53829,10824],{"class":117},[52,53831,121],{"class":66},[52,53833,53834,53836,53838,53840,53842],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53835,135],{"class":134},[52,53837,138],{"class":66},[52,53839,154],{"class":117},[52,53841,3102],{"class":66},[52,53843,53844],{"class":3105},"  # []\n",[20,53846,799,53847,53849],{},[15,53848,10763],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[38,53851,194,53853,197],{"id":53852},"what-listclear-does",[15,53854,53787],{},[20,53856,53857,202],{},[15,53858,53787],{},[163,53860,53861,53864,53867,53872],{},[166,53862,53863],{},"Removes every item from a list",[166,53865,53866],{},"Changes the original list in place",[166,53868,53869,53870],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53871,3229],{},[166,53873,53874],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53876,53877,53878,53880],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53879,10763],{},", but it contains no values.",[38,53882,228],{"id":227},[20,53884,53885],{},"Syntax:",[43,53887,53889],{"className":45,"code":53888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53890,53891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53892,53893,53895,53897,53899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53894,7786],{"class":58},[52,53896,114],{"class":66},[52,53898,10824],{"class":117},[52,53900,121],{"class":66},[20,53902,10900],{},[163,53904,53905,53908,53911],{},[166,53906,53907],{},"Call it on a list object",[166,53909,53910],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[166,53912,53913],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[38,53915,10917],{"id":10916},[20,53917,10920],{},[43,53919,53921],{"className":45,"code":53920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53922,53923,53947,53951,53961,53965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53924,53925,53927,53929,53931,53933,53935,53937,53939,53941,53943,53945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53926,940],{"class":58},[52,53928,63],{"class":62},[52,53930,3063],{"class":66},[52,53932,1770],{"class":947},[52,53934,80],{"class":66},[52,53936,7237],{"class":947},[52,53938,80],{"class":66},[52,53940,7242],{"class":947},[52,53942,80],{"class":66},[52,53944,50280],{"class":947},[52,53946,3076],{"class":66},[52,53948,53949],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,53950,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53952,53953,53955,53957,53959],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,53954,1037],{"class":58},[52,53956,114],{"class":66},[52,53958,10824],{"class":117},[52,53960,121],{"class":66},[52,53962,53963],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,53964,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,53966,53967,53969,53971,53973],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,53968,135],{"class":134},[52,53970,138],{"class":66},[52,53972,1037],{"class":117},[52,53974,144],{"class":66},[20,53976,1509],{},[43,53978,53979],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53980,53981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53982,53983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53984,37730],{"class":66},[20,53986,11126],{},[163,53988,53989,53994,54000],{},[166,53990,53991,53993],{},[15,53992,1037],{}," starts with four items",[166,53995,53996,53999],{},[15,53997,53998],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[166,54001,54002],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54004,54005,54006,114],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[221,54007,52209],{"href":54008},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[38,54010,16859],{"id":16858},[20,54012,54013,1837,54015,114],{},[15,54014,10763],{},[15,54016,3220],{},[20,54018,40339,54019,52105],{},[30,54020,32],{},[43,54022,54024],{"className":45,"code":54023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54025,54026,54058,54062,54076,54080,54093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54027,54028,54030,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048,54050,54052,54054,54056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54029,59],{"class":58},[52,54031,63],{"class":62},[52,54033,3063],{"class":66},[52,54035,71],{"class":70},[52,54037,221],{"class":74},[52,54039,71],{"class":70},[52,54041,80],{"class":66},[52,54043,83],{"class":70},[52,54045,4204],{"class":74},[52,54047,71],{"class":70},[52,54049,80],{"class":66},[52,54051,83],{"class":70},[52,54053,9187],{"class":74},[52,54055,71],{"class":70},[52,54057,3076],{"class":66},[52,54059,54060],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54061,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54063,54064,54066,54068,54070,54072,54074],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54065,1668],{"class":58},[52,54067,63],{"class":62},[52,54069,111],{"class":58},[52,54071,114],{"class":66},[52,54073,10824],{"class":117},[52,54075,121],{"class":66},[52,54077,54078],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54079,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54081,54082,54084,54086,54088,54090],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,54083,135],{"class":134},[52,54085,138],{"class":66},[52,54087,154],{"class":117},[52,54089,3102],{"class":66},[52,54091,54092],{"class":3105},"   # []\n",[52,54094,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,54096,135],{"class":134},[52,54098,138],{"class":66},[52,54100,1703],{"class":117},[52,54102,3102],{"class":66},[52,54104,20315],{"class":3105},[20,54106,54107],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[43,54109,54111],{"className":45,"code":54110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54112,54113,54133,54147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54114,54115,54117,54119,54121,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54116,59],{"class":58},[52,54118,63],{"class":62},[52,54120,3063],{"class":66},[52,54122,948],{"class":947},[52,54124,80],{"class":66},[52,54126,953],{"class":947},[52,54128,80],{"class":66},[52,54130,958],{"class":947},[52,54132,3076],{"class":66},[52,54134,54135,54137,54139,54141,54143,54145],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54136,59],{"class":58},[52,54138,63],{"class":62},[52,54140,111],{"class":58},[52,54142,114],{"class":66},[52,54144,10824],{"class":117},[52,54146,121],{"class":66},[52,54148,54149,54151,54153,54155],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54150,135],{"class":134},[52,54152,138],{"class":66},[52,54154,154],{"class":117},[52,54156,144],{"class":66},[20,54158,11359,54159,41589,54161,54163],{},[15,54160,154],{},[15,54162,3220],{},", not an empty list.",[38,54165,54167,54169,54170],{"id":54166},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54168,10763],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54171,3229],{},[20,54173,54174],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[43,54176,54177],{"className":45,"code":53888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54178,54179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54180,54181,54183,54185,54187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54182,7786],{"class":58},[52,54184,114],{"class":66},[52,54186,10824],{"class":117},[52,54188,121],{"class":66},[43,54190,54192],{"className":45,"code":54191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n",[15,54193,54194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54195,54196,54198,54200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54197,7755],{"class":58},[52,54199,63],{"class":62},[52,54201,7285],{"class":66},[699,54203,54205,54207],{"id":54204},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54206,10763],{}," empties the same list object",[43,54209,54211],{"className":45,"code":54210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54212,54213,54233,54241,54245,54255,54259,54271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54214,54215,54217,54219,54221,54223,54225,54227,54229,54231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54216,1993],{"class":58},[52,54218,63],{"class":62},[52,54220,3063],{"class":66},[52,54222,948],{"class":947},[52,54224,80],{"class":66},[52,54226,953],{"class":947},[52,54228,80],{"class":66},[52,54230,958],{"class":947},[52,54232,3076],{"class":66},[52,54234,54235,54237,54239],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54236,2021],{"class":58},[52,54238,63],{"class":62},[52,54240,35609],{"class":58},[52,54242,54243],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54244,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54246,54247,54249,54251,54253],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54248,221],{"class":58},[52,54250,114],{"class":66},[52,54252,10824],{"class":117},[52,54254,121],{"class":66},[52,54256,54257],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,54258,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54260,54261,54263,54265,54267,54269],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,54262,135],{"class":134},[52,54264,138],{"class":66},[52,54266,221],{"class":117},[52,54268,3102],{"class":66},[52,54270,53844],{"class":3105},[52,54272,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,54274,135],{"class":134},[52,54276,138],{"class":66},[52,54278,4204],{"class":117},[52,54280,3102],{"class":66},[52,54282,53844],{"class":3105},[20,54284,10036,54285,803,54287,54289],{},[15,54286,221],{},[15,54288,4204],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[699,54291,54293,54296],{"id":54292},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54294,54295],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[43,54298,54300],{"className":45,"code":54299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54301,54302,54322,54330,54334,54342,54346,54358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54303,54304,54306,54308,54310,54312,54314,54316,54318,54320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54305,1993],{"class":58},[52,54307,63],{"class":62},[52,54309,3063],{"class":66},[52,54311,948],{"class":947},[52,54313,80],{"class":66},[52,54315,953],{"class":947},[52,54317,80],{"class":66},[52,54319,958],{"class":947},[52,54321,3076],{"class":66},[52,54323,54324,54326,54328],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54325,2021],{"class":58},[52,54327,63],{"class":62},[52,54329,35609],{"class":58},[52,54331,54332],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54333,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54335,54336,54338,54340],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54337,1993],{"class":58},[52,54339,63],{"class":62},[52,54341,7285],{"class":66},[52,54343,54344],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,54345,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54347,54348,54350,54352,54354,54356],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,54349,135],{"class":134},[52,54351,138],{"class":66},[52,54353,221],{"class":117},[52,54355,3102],{"class":66},[52,54357,53844],{"class":3105},[52,54359,54360,54362,54364,54366,54368],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,54361,135],{"class":134},[52,54363,138],{"class":66},[52,54365,4204],{"class":117},[52,54367,3102],{"class":66},[52,54369,54370],{"class":3105},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54372,20210,54373,54375,54376,54378],{},[15,54374,221],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54377,4204],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54380,54381],{},"This difference matters when:",[163,54383,54384,54387,54390],{},[166,54385,54386],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[166,54388,54389],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[166,54391,54392],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54394,54395,54396,114],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[221,54397,54399,54400,1070],{"href":54398},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54401,12219],{},[38,54403,894,54404],{"id":11881},[15,54405,10763],{},[20,54407,799,54408,5764],{},[15,54409,10763],{},[163,54411,54412,54415,54418],{},[166,54413,54414],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[166,54416,54417],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[166,54419,54420],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54422,267],{},[43,54424,54426],{"className":45,"code":54425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54427,54428,54464,54468,54473,54484,54488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54429,54430,54433,54435,54437,54439,54442,54444,54446,54448,54451,54453,54455,54457,54460,54462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54431,54432],{"class":58},"shopping_cart ",[52,54434,63],{"class":62},[52,54436,3063],{"class":66},[52,54438,71],{"class":70},[52,54440,54441],{"class":74},"milk",[52,54443,71],{"class":70},[52,54445,80],{"class":66},[52,54447,83],{"class":70},[52,54449,54450],{"class":74},"bread",[52,54452,71],{"class":70},[52,54454,80],{"class":66},[52,54456,83],{"class":70},[52,54458,54459],{"class":74},"eggs",[52,54461,71],{"class":70},[52,54463,3076],{"class":66},[52,54465,54466],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54467,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54469,54470],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54471,54472],{"class":3105},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[52,54474,54475,54478,54480,54482],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54476,54477],{"class":58},"shopping_cart",[52,54479,114],{"class":66},[52,54481,10824],{"class":117},[52,54483,121],{"class":66},[52,54485,54486],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,54487,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54489,54490,54492,54494,54496,54498],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,54491,135],{"class":134},[52,54493,138],{"class":66},[52,54495,54477],{"class":117},[52,54497,3102],{"class":66},[52,54499,53844],{"class":3105},[20,54501,54502,54503,54506,54507,54513,54514,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[221,54504,54505],{"href":1361},"how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[221,54508,54510,1070],{"href":54509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54511,54512],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[221,54515,54517,1070],{"href":54516},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54518,54519],{},"list.pop()",[38,54521,3961],{"id":3960},[699,54523,54525,54526,1326,54529],{"id":54524},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54527,54528],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54530,54531],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54533,54534],{},"This does not call the method.",[43,54536,54538],{"className":45,"code":54537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54539,54540,54560,54564,54573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54541,54542,54544,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554,54556,54558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54543,59],{"class":58},[52,54545,63],{"class":62},[52,54547,3063],{"class":66},[52,54549,948],{"class":947},[52,54551,80],{"class":66},[52,54553,953],{"class":947},[52,54555,80],{"class":66},[52,54557,958],{"class":947},[52,54559,3076],{"class":66},[52,54561,54562],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54563,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54565,54566,54568,54570],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54567,154],{"class":58},[52,54569,114],{"class":66},[52,54571,54572],{"class":24190},"clear\n",[52,54574,54575,54577,54579,54581],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54576,135],{"class":134},[52,54578,138],{"class":66},[52,54580,154],{"class":117},[52,54582,144],{"class":66},[20,54584,1509],{},[43,54586,54588],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54589,54590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54591,54592,54594,54596,54598,54600,54602,54604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54593,3344],{"class":66},[52,54595,948],{"class":947},[52,54597,80],{"class":66},[52,54599,953],{"class":947},[52,54601,80],{"class":66},[52,54603,958],{"class":947},[52,54605,3076],{"class":66},[20,54607,54608],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54610,10252],{},[43,54612,54614],{"className":45,"code":54613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54615,54616,54636,54640,54650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54617,54618,54620,54622,54624,54626,54628,54630,54632,54634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54619,59],{"class":58},[52,54621,63],{"class":62},[52,54623,3063],{"class":66},[52,54625,948],{"class":947},[52,54627,80],{"class":66},[52,54629,953],{"class":947},[52,54631,80],{"class":66},[52,54633,958],{"class":947},[52,54635,3076],{"class":66},[52,54637,54638],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54639,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54641,54642,54644,54646,54648],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54643,154],{"class":58},[52,54645,114],{"class":66},[52,54647,10824],{"class":117},[52,54649,121],{"class":66},[52,54651,54652,54654,54656,54658,54660],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54653,135],{"class":134},[52,54655,138],{"class":66},[52,54657,154],{"class":117},[52,54659,3102],{"class":66},[52,54661,53844],{"class":3105},[699,54663,1174,54665,54667],{"id":54664},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54666,10763],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54669,54670,1837,54672,54674],{},[15,54671,10763],{},[15,54673,3220],{},", not the list.",[43,54676,54678],{"className":45,"code":54677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54679,54680,54700,54714,54718,54730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54681,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54683,59],{"class":58},[52,54685,63],{"class":62},[52,54687,3063],{"class":66},[52,54689,948],{"class":947},[52,54691,80],{"class":66},[52,54693,953],{"class":947},[52,54695,80],{"class":66},[52,54697,958],{"class":947},[52,54699,3076],{"class":66},[52,54701,54702,54704,54706,54708,54710,54712],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54703,1668],{"class":58},[52,54705,63],{"class":62},[52,54707,111],{"class":58},[52,54709,114],{"class":66},[52,54711,10824],{"class":117},[52,54713,121],{"class":66},[52,54715,54716],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54717,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,54719,54720,54722,54724,54726,54728],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54721,135],{"class":134},[52,54723,138],{"class":66},[52,54725,1703],{"class":117},[52,54727,3102],{"class":66},[52,54729,20315],{"class":3105},[52,54731,54732,54734,54736,54738,54740],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,54733,135],{"class":134},[52,54735,138],{"class":66},[52,54737,154],{"class":117},[52,54739,3102],{"class":66},[52,54741,54092],{"class":3105},[699,54743,1185,54745,54747],{"id":54744},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54746,10763],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54749,54750,54751,54753],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54752,10763],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54755,54756],{},"This will fail:",[43,54758,54760],{"className":45,"code":54759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54761,54762,54774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54763,54764,54766,54768,54770,54772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54765,34120],{"class":58},[52,54767,63],{"class":62},[52,54769,83],{"class":70},[52,54771,3288],{"class":74},[52,54773,2797],{"class":70},[52,54775,54776,54778,54780,54782],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54777,34141],{"class":58},[52,54779,114],{"class":66},[52,54781,10824],{"class":117},[52,54783,121],{"class":66},[20,54785,54786,54787,33032],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54788,10763],{},[20,54790,54791,54792,54794],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54793,3220],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54796,54797],{},"Useful checks:",[43,54799,54801],{"className":45,"code":54800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54802,54803,54813,54827,54841,54850,54860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54804,54805,54807,54809,54811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54806,135],{"class":134},[52,54808,138],{"class":66},[52,54810,7786],{"class":117},[52,54812,144],{"class":66},[52,54814,54815,54817,54819,54821,54823,54825],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,54816,135],{"class":134},[52,54818,138],{"class":66},[52,54820,1231],{"class":600},[52,54822,138],{"class":66},[52,54824,7786],{"class":117},[52,54826,1222],{"class":66},[52,54828,54829,54831,54833,54835,54837,54839],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,54830,135],{"class":134},[52,54832,138],{"class":66},[52,54834,12093],{"class":134},[52,54836,138],{"class":66},[52,54838,7786],{"class":117},[52,54840,1222],{"class":66},[52,54842,54843,54845,54847],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,54844,42984],{"class":58},[52,54846,63],{"class":62},[52,54848,54849],{"class":58}," my_list\n",[52,54851,54852,54854,54856,54858],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,54853,7786],{"class":58},[52,54855,114],{"class":66},[52,54857,10824],{"class":117},[52,54859,121],{"class":66},[52,54861,54862,54864,54866,54868],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,54863,135],{"class":134},[52,54865,138],{"class":66},[52,54867,30173],{"class":117},[52,54869,144],{"class":66},[20,54871,54872],{},"These can help you see:",[163,54874,54875,54878,54881],{},[166,54876,54877],{},"What the variable currently contains",[166,54879,54880],{},"Whether it is really a list",[166,54882,54883],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54885,54886,54887,114],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[221,54888,54889],{"href":53734},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[38,54891,1273],{"id":1272},[699,54893,1277,54895,54897],{"id":54894},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54896,53787],{}," delete the list?",[20,54899,54900],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[699,54902,1277,54904,54906],{"id":54903},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54905,53787],{}," return a new list?",[20,54908,54909,54910,54912],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54911,3220],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[699,54914,4624,54916,803,54918,1293],{"id":54915},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54917,10763],{},[15,54919,54295],{},[20,54921,54922,54924,54925,54927],{},[15,54923,10763],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54926,54295],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[699,54929,27767,54931,54933],{"id":54930},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54932,10763],{}," on other types?",[20,54935,54936,54937,54939],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54938,10763],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[38,54941,1332],{"id":1331},[163,54943,54944,54948,54952,54959,54965,54971],{},[166,54945,54946],{},[221,54947,52209],{"href":54008},[166,54949,54950],{},[221,54951,1362],{"href":1361},[166,54953,54954],{},[221,54955,54956,54957,1070],{"href":54516},"Python list ",[15,54958,17],{},[166,54960,54961],{},[221,54962,54956,54963,1070],{"href":54509},[15,54964,900],{},[166,54966,54967],{},[221,54968,54956,54969,1070],{"href":54398},[15,54970,12219],{},[166,54972,54973],{},[221,54974,29777,54975,33065],{"href":53734},[15,54976,54977],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1364,54979,54980],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":54982},[54983,54984,54986,54987,54988,54989,54996,54997,55005,55015],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":53852,"depth":103,"text":54985},"What list.clear() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":54166,"depth":103,"text":54990,"children":54991},"clear() vs assigning []",[54992,54994],{"id":54204,"depth":124,"text":54993},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54292,"depth":124,"text":54995},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11881,"depth":103,"text":12251},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":54998},[54999,55001,55003],{"id":54524,"depth":124,"text":55000},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54664,"depth":124,"text":55002},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54744,"depth":124,"text":55004},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":55006},[55007,55009,55011,55013],{"id":54894,"depth":124,"text":55008},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54903,"depth":124,"text":55010},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54915,"depth":124,"text":55012},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54930,"depth":124,"text":55014},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53774,"description":55016},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55023,"title":55024,"body":55025,"description":56710,"extension":1401,"meta":56711,"navigation":127,"path":56712,"seo":56713,"stem":56714,"__hash__":56715},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55026,"toc":56678},[55027,55032,55038,55046,55048,55137,55144,55149,55153,55167,55169,55246,55248,55309,55312,55314,55316,55337,55340,55354,55357,55402,55404,55412,55415,55421,55427,55430,55507,55509,55554,55557,55562,55645,55647,55688,55693,55697,55703,55705,55713,55716,55809,55811,55869,55872,55888,55893,55903,55908,55910,55915,55920,55923,55925,55982,55985,56038,56044,56049,56053,56070,56072,56156,56158,56199,56207,56209,56214,56220,56222,56285,56290,56360,56364,56399,56402,56404,56443,56447,56523,56529,56535,56540,56562,56565,56584,56592,56594,56600,56603,56610,56618,56623,56626,56630,56636,56644,56647,56649,56675],[10,55028,53780,55030,18],{"id":55029},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55031,12219],{},[20,55033,55034,55037],{},[15,55035,55036],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55039,55040,55041,13493,55043,55045],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55042,63],{},[30,55044,32],{}," make a real copy.",[38,55047,41],{"id":40},[43,55049,55051],{"className":45,"code":55050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55052,55053,55073,55088,55092,55107,55111,55124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55054,55055,55057,55059,55061,55063,55065,55067,55069,55071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55056,940],{"class":58},[52,55058,63],{"class":62},[52,55060,3063],{"class":66},[52,55062,948],{"class":947},[52,55064,80],{"class":66},[52,55066,953],{"class":947},[52,55068,80],{"class":66},[52,55070,958],{"class":947},[52,55072,3076],{"class":66},[52,55074,55075,55078,55080,55082,55084,55086],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55076,55077],{"class":58},"new_numbers ",[52,55079,63],{"class":62},[52,55081,970],{"class":58},[52,55083,114],{"class":66},[52,55085,12354],{"class":117},[52,55087,121],{"class":66},[52,55089,55090],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55091,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55093,55094,55097,55099,55101,55103,55105],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55095,55096],{"class":58},"new_numbers",[52,55098,114],{"class":66},[52,55100,12992],{"class":117},[52,55102,138],{"class":66},[52,55104,1943],{"class":947},[52,55106,144],{"class":66},[52,55108,55109],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,55110,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55112,55113,55115,55117,55119,55121],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,55114,135],{"class":134},[52,55116,138],{"class":66},[52,55118,1037],{"class":117},[52,55120,3102],{"class":66},[52,55122,55123],{"class":3105},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,55125,55126,55128,55130,55132,55134],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,55127,135],{"class":134},[52,55129,138],{"class":66},[52,55131,55096],{"class":117},[52,55133,3102],{"class":66},[52,55135,55136],{"class":3105},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55138,799,55139,55141,55142,114],{},[15,55140,55036],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,55143,12293],{},[38,55145,194,55147,197],{"id":55146},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55148,55036],{},[20,55150,55151,202],{},[15,55152,55036],{},[163,55154,55155,55158,55161,55164],{},[166,55156,55157],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[166,55159,55160],{},"Returns that new list",[166,55162,55163],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[166,55165,55166],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55168,267],{},[43,55170,55172],{"className":45,"code":55171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55173,55174,55206,55221,55225,55235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55175,55176,55178,55180,55182,55184,55186,55188,55190,55192,55194,55196,55198,55200,55202,55204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55177,393],{"class":58},[52,55179,63],{"class":62},[52,55181,3063],{"class":66},[52,55183,71],{"class":70},[52,55185,75],{"class":74},[52,55187,71],{"class":70},[52,55189,80],{"class":66},[52,55191,83],{"class":70},[52,55193,86],{"class":74},[52,55195,71],{"class":70},[52,55197,80],{"class":66},[52,55199,83],{"class":70},[52,55201,32652],{"class":74},[52,55203,71],{"class":70},[52,55205,3076],{"class":66},[52,55207,55208,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55209,55210],{"class":58},"copied_fruits ",[52,55212,63],{"class":62},[52,55214,52289],{"class":58},[52,55216,114],{"class":66},[52,55218,12354],{"class":117},[52,55220,121],{"class":66},[52,55222,55223],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55224,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55226,55227,55229,55231,55233],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55228,135],{"class":134},[52,55230,138],{"class":66},[52,55232,426],{"class":117},[52,55234,144],{"class":66},[52,55236,55237,55239,55241,55244],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,55238,135],{"class":134},[52,55240,138],{"class":66},[52,55242,55243],{"class":117},"copied_fruits",[52,55245,144],{"class":66},[20,55247,1509],{},[43,55249,55251],{"className":45,"code":55250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55252,55253,55281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55254,55255,55257,55259,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277,55279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55256,3344],{"class":66},[52,55258,608],{"class":70},[52,55260,75],{"class":74},[52,55262,608],{"class":70},[52,55264,80],{"class":66},[52,55266,617],{"class":70},[52,55268,86],{"class":74},[52,55270,608],{"class":70},[52,55272,80],{"class":66},[52,55274,617],{"class":70},[52,55276,32652],{"class":74},[52,55278,608],{"class":70},[52,55280,3076],{"class":66},[52,55282,55283,55285,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303,55305,55307],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55284,3344],{"class":66},[52,55286,608],{"class":70},[52,55288,75],{"class":74},[52,55290,608],{"class":70},[52,55292,80],{"class":66},[52,55294,617],{"class":70},[52,55296,86],{"class":74},[52,55298,608],{"class":70},[52,55300,80],{"class":66},[52,55302,617],{"class":70},[52,55304,32652],{"class":74},[52,55306,608],{"class":70},[52,55308,3076],{"class":66},[20,55310,55311],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[38,55313,228],{"id":227},[20,55315,1597],{},[43,55317,55319],{"className":45,"code":55318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55320,55321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55322,55323,55326,55328,55331,55333,55335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55324,55325],{"class":58},"new_list ",[52,55327,63],{"class":62},[52,55329,55330],{"class":58}," old_list",[52,55332,114],{"class":66},[52,55334,12354],{"class":117},[52,55336,121],{"class":66},[20,55338,55339],{},"How it works:",[163,55341,55342,55348,55351],{},[166,55343,55344,55345,55347],{},"Call ",[15,55346,12219],{}," on an existing list",[166,55349,55350],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[166,55352,55353],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55355,55356],{},"Example with an empty list:",[43,55358,55360],{"className":45,"code":55359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55361,55362,55371,55387,55391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55363,55364,55367,55369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55365,55366],{"class":58},"empty_list ",[52,55368,63],{"class":62},[52,55370,7285],{"class":66},[52,55372,55373,55376,55378,55381,55383,55385],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55374,55375],{"class":58},"new_empty_list ",[52,55377,63],{"class":62},[52,55379,55380],{"class":58}," empty_list",[52,55382,114],{"class":66},[52,55384,12354],{"class":117},[52,55386,121],{"class":66},[52,55388,55389],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55390,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55392,55393,55395,55397,55400],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55394,135],{"class":134},[52,55396,138],{"class":66},[52,55398,55399],{"class":117},"new_empty_list",[52,55401,144],{"class":66},[20,55403,1509],{},[43,55405,55406],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,55407,55408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55409,55410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55411,37730],{"class":66},[20,55413,55414],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[38,55416,55418,55419],{"id":55417},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55420,63],{},[20,55422,1185,55423,13493,55425,52105],{},[15,55424,63],{},[30,55426,32],{},[20,55428,55429],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[43,55431,55433],{"className":45,"code":55432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55434,55435,55455,55464,55468,55483,55487,55497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55436,55437,55439,55441,55443,55445,55447,55449,55451,55453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55438,940],{"class":58},[52,55440,63],{"class":62},[52,55442,3063],{"class":66},[52,55444,948],{"class":947},[52,55446,80],{"class":66},[52,55448,953],{"class":947},[52,55450,80],{"class":66},[52,55452,958],{"class":947},[52,55454,3076],{"class":66},[52,55456,55457,55460,55462],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55458,55459],{"class":58},"same_list ",[52,55461,63],{"class":62},[52,55463,43417],{"class":58},[52,55465,55466],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55467,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55469,55470,55473,55475,55477,55479,55481],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55471,55472],{"class":58},"same_list",[52,55474,114],{"class":66},[52,55476,12992],{"class":117},[52,55478,138],{"class":66},[52,55480,1943],{"class":947},[52,55482,144],{"class":66},[52,55484,55485],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,55486,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55488,55489,55491,55493,55495],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,55490,135],{"class":134},[52,55492,138],{"class":66},[52,55494,1037],{"class":117},[52,55496,144],{"class":66},[52,55498,55499,55501,55503,55505],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,55500,135],{"class":134},[52,55502,138],{"class":66},[52,55504,55472],{"class":117},[52,55506,144],{"class":66},[20,55508,1509],{},[43,55510,55512],{"className":45,"code":55511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55513,55514,55534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55515,55516,55518,55520,55522,55524,55526,55528,55530,55532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55517,3344],{"class":66},[52,55519,948],{"class":947},[52,55521,80],{"class":66},[52,55523,953],{"class":947},[52,55525,80],{"class":66},[52,55527,958],{"class":947},[52,55529,80],{"class":66},[52,55531,1896],{"class":947},[52,55533,3076],{"class":66},[52,55535,55536,55538,55540,55542,55544,55546,55548,55550,55552],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55537,3344],{"class":66},[52,55539,948],{"class":947},[52,55541,80],{"class":66},[52,55543,953],{"class":947},[52,55545,80],{"class":66},[52,55547,958],{"class":947},[52,55549,80],{"class":66},[52,55551,1896],{"class":947},[52,55553,3076],{"class":66},[20,55555,55556],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55558,55559,55560,202],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55561,12219],{},[43,55563,55565],{"className":45,"code":55564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55566,55567,55587,55602,55606,55621,55625,55635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55568,55569,55571,55573,55575,55577,55579,55581,55583,55585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55570,940],{"class":58},[52,55572,63],{"class":62},[52,55574,3063],{"class":66},[52,55576,948],{"class":947},[52,55578,80],{"class":66},[52,55580,953],{"class":947},[52,55582,80],{"class":66},[52,55584,958],{"class":947},[52,55586,3076],{"class":66},[52,55588,55589,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55590,55591],{"class":58},"copied_numbers ",[52,55593,63],{"class":62},[52,55595,970],{"class":58},[52,55597,114],{"class":66},[52,55599,12354],{"class":117},[52,55601,121],{"class":66},[52,55603,55604],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55605,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55607,55608,55611,55613,55615,55617,55619],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55609,55610],{"class":58},"copied_numbers",[52,55612,114],{"class":66},[52,55614,12992],{"class":117},[52,55616,138],{"class":66},[52,55618,1943],{"class":947},[52,55620,144],{"class":66},[52,55622,55623],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,55624,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55626,55627,55629,55631,55633],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,55628,135],{"class":134},[52,55630,138],{"class":66},[52,55632,1037],{"class":117},[52,55634,144],{"class":66},[52,55636,55637,55639,55641,55643],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,55638,135],{"class":134},[52,55640,138],{"class":66},[52,55642,55610],{"class":117},[52,55644,144],{"class":66},[20,55646,1509],{},[43,55648,55650],{"className":45,"code":55649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55651,55652,55668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55653,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55655,3344],{"class":66},[52,55657,948],{"class":947},[52,55659,80],{"class":66},[52,55661,953],{"class":947},[52,55663,80],{"class":66},[52,55665,958],{"class":947},[52,55667,3076],{"class":66},[52,55669,55670,55672,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682,55684,55686],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55671,3344],{"class":66},[52,55673,948],{"class":947},[52,55675,80],{"class":66},[52,55677,953],{"class":947},[52,55679,80],{"class":66},[52,55681,958],{"class":947},[52,55683,80],{"class":66},[52,55685,1896],{"class":947},[52,55687,3076],{"class":66},[20,55689,55690,55691,114],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[221,55692,52209],{"href":50416},[38,55694,55696],{"id":55695},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55698,55699,12290,55701,114],{},[15,55700,55036],{},[30,55702,12293],{},[20,55704,360],{},[163,55706,55707,55710],{},[166,55708,55709],{},"The outer list is new",[166,55711,55712],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55714,55715],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[43,55717,55719],{"className":45,"code":55718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55720,55721,55748,55762,55766,55785,55789,55799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55722,55723,55725,55727,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742,55744,55746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55724,11529],{"class":58},[52,55726,63],{"class":62},[52,55728,55729],{"class":66}," [[",[52,55731,948],{"class":947},[52,55733,80],{"class":66},[52,55735,953],{"class":947},[52,55737,17501],{"class":66},[52,55739,3063],{"class":66},[52,55741,1500],{"class":947},[52,55743,80],{"class":66},[52,55745,1896],{"class":947},[52,55747,52680],{"class":66},[52,55749,55750,55752,55754,55756,55758,55760],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55751,13751],{"class":58},[52,55753,63],{"class":62},[52,55755,11604],{"class":58},[52,55757,114],{"class":66},[52,55759,12354],{"class":117},[52,55761,121],{"class":66},[52,55763,55764],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55765,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55767,55768,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55783],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55769,13770],{"class":58},[52,55771,3344],{"class":66},[52,55773,1558],{"class":947},[52,55775,12989],{"class":66},[52,55777,12992],{"class":117},[52,55779,138],{"class":66},[52,55781,55782],{"class":947},"99",[52,55784,144],{"class":66},[52,55786,55787],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,55788,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55790,55791,55793,55795,55797],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,55792,135],{"class":134},[52,55794,138],{"class":66},[52,55796,11576],{"class":117},[52,55798,144],{"class":66},[52,55800,55801,55803,55805,55807],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,55802,135],{"class":134},[52,55804,138],{"class":66},[52,55806,13770],{"class":117},[52,55808,144],{"class":66},[20,55810,1509],{},[43,55812,55814],{"className":45,"code":55813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55815,55816,55843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55817,55818,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55819,55820],{"class":66},"[[",[52,55822,948],{"class":947},[52,55824,80],{"class":66},[52,55826,953],{"class":947},[52,55828,80],{"class":66},[52,55830,9645],{"class":947},[52,55832,17501],{"class":66},[52,55834,3063],{"class":66},[52,55836,1500],{"class":947},[52,55838,80],{"class":66},[52,55840,1896],{"class":947},[52,55842,52680],{"class":66},[52,55844,55845,55847,55849,55851,55853,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55846,55820],{"class":66},[52,55848,948],{"class":947},[52,55850,80],{"class":66},[52,55852,953],{"class":947},[52,55854,80],{"class":66},[52,55856,9645],{"class":947},[52,55858,17501],{"class":66},[52,55860,3063],{"class":66},[52,55862,1500],{"class":947},[52,55864,80],{"class":66},[52,55866,1896],{"class":947},[52,55868,52680],{"class":66},[20,55870,55871],{},"Why did both change?",[163,55873,55874,55881],{},[166,55875,55876,803,55878,55880],{},[15,55877,11576],{},[15,55879,13770],{}," are different outer lists",[166,55882,55883,55884,55887],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55885,55886],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55889,53091,55890,55892],{},[15,55891,12219],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[163,55894,55895,55898,55901],{},[166,55896,55897],{},"Numbers",[166,55899,55900],{},"Strings",[166,55902,40028],{},[20,55904,55905,55906,114],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[221,55907,13230],{"href":13229},[38,55909,16859],{"id":16858},[20,55911,55912,55914],{},[15,55913,55036],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55916,40339,55917,55919],{},[30,55918,32],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55921,55922],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55924,16095],{},[43,55926,55928],{"className":45,"code":55927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55929,55930,55954,55968,55972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55931,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55933,277],{"class":58},[52,55935,63],{"class":62},[52,55937,3063],{"class":66},[52,55939,71],{"class":70},[52,55941,286],{"class":74},[52,55943,71],{"class":70},[52,55945,80],{"class":66},[52,55947,83],{"class":70},[52,55949,295],{"class":74},[52,55951,71],{"class":70},[52,55953,3076],{"class":66},[52,55955,55956,55958,55960,55962,55964,55966],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,55957,12558],{"class":58},[52,55959,63],{"class":62},[52,55961,318],{"class":58},[52,55963,114],{"class":66},[52,55965,12354],{"class":117},[52,55967,121],{"class":66},[52,55969,55970],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,55971,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,55973,55974,55976,55978,55980],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,55975,135],{"class":134},[52,55977,138],{"class":66},[52,55979,12581],{"class":117},[52,55981,144],{"class":66},[20,55983,55984],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[43,55986,55988],{"className":45,"code":55987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55989,55990,56014,56024,56028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55991,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002,56004,56006,56008,56010,56012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55993,277],{"class":58},[52,55995,63],{"class":62},[52,55997,3063],{"class":66},[52,55999,71],{"class":70},[52,56001,286],{"class":74},[52,56003,71],{"class":70},[52,56005,80],{"class":66},[52,56007,83],{"class":70},[52,56009,295],{"class":74},[52,56011,71],{"class":70},[52,56013,3076],{"class":66},[52,56015,56016,56018,56020,56022],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56017,348],{"class":58},[52,56019,114],{"class":66},[52,56021,12354],{"class":117},[52,56023,121],{"class":66},[52,56025,56026],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,56027,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56029,56030,56032,56034,56036],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56031,135],{"class":134},[52,56033,138],{"class":66},[52,56035,348],{"class":117},[52,56037,144],{"class":66},[20,56039,56040,56041,56043],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56042,12219],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[38,56045,894,56047],{"id":56046},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56048,55036],{},[20,56050,799,56051,916],{},[15,56052,55036],{},[163,56054,56055,56058,56061,56064],{},[166,56056,56057],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[166,56059,56060],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[166,56062,56063],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[166,56065,56066,56067],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56068,56069],{},"[:]",[20,56071,267],{},[43,56073,56075],{"className":45,"code":56074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56076,56077,56097,56112,56116,56131,56135,56145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56078,56079,56081,56083,56085,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56080,4507],{"class":58},[52,56082,63],{"class":62},[52,56084,3063],{"class":66},[52,56086,1770],{"class":947},[52,56088,80],{"class":66},[52,56090,7237],{"class":947},[52,56092,80],{"class":66},[52,56094,7242],{"class":947},[52,56096,3076],{"class":66},[52,56098,56099,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56100,56101],{"class":58},"backup_scores ",[52,56103,63],{"class":62},[52,56105,4554],{"class":58},[52,56107,114],{"class":66},[52,56109,12354],{"class":117},[52,56111,121],{"class":66},[52,56113,56114],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,56115,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56117,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126,56129],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56119,15828],{"class":58},[52,56121,114],{"class":66},[52,56123,12992],{"class":117},[52,56125,138],{"class":66},[52,56127,56128],{"class":947},"40",[52,56130,144],{"class":66},[52,56132,56133],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,56134,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56136,56137,56139,56141,56143],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,56138,135],{"class":134},[52,56140,138],{"class":66},[52,56142,15828],{"class":117},[52,56144,144],{"class":66},[52,56146,56147,56149,56151,56154],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,56148,135],{"class":134},[52,56150,138],{"class":66},[52,56152,56153],{"class":117},"backup_scores",[52,56155,144],{"class":66},[20,56157,1509],{},[43,56159,56161],{"className":45,"code":56160,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56162,56163,56183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56164,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177,56179,56181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56166,3344],{"class":66},[52,56168,1770],{"class":947},[52,56170,80],{"class":66},[52,56172,7237],{"class":947},[52,56174,80],{"class":66},[52,56176,7242],{"class":947},[52,56178,80],{"class":66},[52,56180,50280],{"class":947},[52,56182,3076],{"class":66},[52,56184,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56186,3344],{"class":66},[52,56188,1770],{"class":947},[52,56190,80],{"class":66},[52,56192,7237],{"class":947},[52,56194,80],{"class":66},[52,56196,7242],{"class":947},[52,56198,3076],{"class":66},[20,56200,56201,56202,114],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[221,56203,54956,56205,1070],{"href":56204},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56206,52090],{},[38,56208,3961],{"id":3960},[20,56210,56211,56212,114],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56213,55036],{},[699,56215,1185,56217,56219],{"id":56216},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56218,63],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56221,38632],{},[43,56223,56225],{"className":45,"code":56224,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56226,56227,56247,56255,56269,56273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56228,56229,56231,56233,56235,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56230,1993],{"class":58},[52,56232,63],{"class":62},[52,56234,3063],{"class":66},[52,56236,948],{"class":947},[52,56238,80],{"class":66},[52,56240,953],{"class":947},[52,56242,80],{"class":66},[52,56244,958],{"class":947},[52,56246,3076],{"class":66},[52,56248,56249,56251,56253],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56250,2021],{"class":58},[52,56252,63],{"class":62},[52,56254,35609],{"class":58},[52,56256,56257,56259,56261,56263,56265,56267],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,56258,4204],{"class":58},[52,56260,114],{"class":66},[52,56262,12992],{"class":117},[52,56264,138],{"class":66},[52,56266,1943],{"class":947},[52,56268,144],{"class":66},[52,56270,56271],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56272,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56274,56275,56277,56279,56281,56283],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,56276,135],{"class":134},[52,56278,138],{"class":66},[52,56280,221],{"class":117},[52,56282,3102],{"class":66},[52,56284,55136],{"class":3105},[20,56286,56287,56288,6077],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56289,12219],{},[43,56291,56293],{"className":45,"code":56292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56294,56295,56315,56330,56344,56348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56296,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311,56313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56298,1993],{"class":58},[52,56300,63],{"class":62},[52,56302,3063],{"class":66},[52,56304,948],{"class":947},[52,56306,80],{"class":66},[52,56308,953],{"class":947},[52,56310,80],{"class":66},[52,56312,958],{"class":947},[52,56314,3076],{"class":66},[52,56316,56317,56319,56321,56324,56326,56328],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56318,2021],{"class":58},[52,56320,63],{"class":62},[52,56322,56323],{"class":58}," a",[52,56325,114],{"class":66},[52,56327,12354],{"class":117},[52,56329,121],{"class":66},[52,56331,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,56333,4204],{"class":58},[52,56335,114],{"class":66},[52,56337,12992],{"class":117},[52,56339,138],{"class":66},[52,56341,1943],{"class":947},[52,56343,144],{"class":66},[52,56345,56346],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56347,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56349,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,56351,135],{"class":134},[52,56353,138],{"class":66},[52,56355,221],{"class":117},[52,56357,3102],{"class":66},[52,56359,54370],{"class":3105},[699,56361,56363],{"id":56362},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[43,56365,56367],{"className":45,"code":56366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56368,56369,56389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56370,56371,56373,56375,56377,56379,56381,56383,56385,56387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56372,940],{"class":58},[52,56374,63],{"class":62},[52,56376,3063],{"class":66},[52,56378,948],{"class":947},[52,56380,80],{"class":66},[52,56382,953],{"class":947},[52,56384,80],{"class":66},[52,56386,958],{"class":947},[52,56388,3076],{"class":66},[52,56390,56391,56393,56395,56397],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56392,1037],{"class":58},[52,56394,114],{"class":66},[52,56396,12354],{"class":117},[52,56398,121],{"class":66},[20,56400,56401],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56403,38695],{},[43,56405,56407],{"className":45,"code":56406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56408,56409,56429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56410,56411,56413,56415,56417,56419,56421,56423,56425,56427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56412,940],{"class":58},[52,56414,63],{"class":62},[52,56416,3063],{"class":66},[52,56418,948],{"class":947},[52,56420,80],{"class":66},[52,56422,953],{"class":947},[52,56424,80],{"class":66},[52,56426,958],{"class":947},[52,56428,3076],{"class":66},[52,56430,56431,56433,56435,56437,56439,56441],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56432,55591],{"class":58},[52,56434,63],{"class":62},[52,56436,970],{"class":58},[52,56438,114],{"class":66},[52,56440,12354],{"class":117},[52,56442,121],{"class":66},[699,56444,56446],{"id":56445},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[43,56448,56450],{"className":45,"code":56449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56451,56452,56470,56484,56488,56506,56510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56453,56454,56456,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56455,1993],{"class":58},[52,56457,63],{"class":62},[52,56459,55729],{"class":66},[52,56461,948],{"class":947},[52,56463,17501],{"class":66},[52,56465,3063],{"class":66},[52,56467,1047],{"class":947},[52,56469,52680],{"class":66},[52,56471,56472,56474,56476,56478,56480,56482],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56473,2021],{"class":58},[52,56475,63],{"class":62},[52,56477,56323],{"class":58},[52,56479,114],{"class":66},[52,56481,12354],{"class":117},[52,56483,121],{"class":66},[52,56485,56486],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,56487,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56489,56490,56492,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,56491,4204],{"class":58},[52,56493,3344],{"class":66},[52,56495,1558],{"class":947},[52,56497,12989],{"class":66},[52,56499,12992],{"class":117},[52,56501,138],{"class":66},[52,56503,55782],{"class":947},[52,56505,144],{"class":66},[52,56507,56508],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,56509,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,56511,56512,56514,56516,56518,56520],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,56513,135],{"class":134},[52,56515,138],{"class":66},[52,56517,221],{"class":117},[52,56519,3102],{"class":66},[52,56521,56522],{"class":3105},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56524,56525,56526,56528],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56527,55036],{}," is shallow.",[699,56530,25057,56532,56534],{"id":56531},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56533,12219],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56536,56537,56539],{},[15,56538,12219],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[43,56541,56543],{"className":45,"code":56542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56544,56545,56557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56546,56547,56549,56551,56553,56555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56548,7323],{"class":58},[52,56550,63],{"class":62},[52,56552,83],{"class":70},[52,56554,4447],{"class":74},[52,56556,2797],{"class":70},[52,56558,56559],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56560,56561],{"class":3105},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56563,56564],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[43,56566,56568],{"className":45,"code":56567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56569,56570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56573,135],{"class":134},[52,56575,138],{"class":66},[52,56577,1231],{"class":600},[52,56579,138],{"class":66},[52,56581,7115],{"class":117},[52,56583,1222],{"class":66},[20,56585,56586,56587,56591],{},"You can also review ",[221,56588,56590],{"href":56589},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[38,56593,1273],{"id":1272},[699,56595,1277,56597,56599],{"id":56596},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56598,55036],{}," change the original list?",[20,56601,56602],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[699,56604,4624,56606,803,56608,1293],{"id":56605},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56607,55036],{},[15,56609,63],{},[20,56611,56612,56614,56615,56617],{},[15,56613,12219],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56616,63],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[699,56619,14343,56621,14346],{"id":56620},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56622,55036],{},[20,56624,56625],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[699,56627,56629],{"id":56628},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56631,41586,56632,56635],{},[15,56633,56634],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[699,56637,14343,56639,56641,56642,1293],{"id":56638},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56640,55036],{}," the same as ",[15,56643,56069],{},[20,56645,56646],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[38,56648,1332],{"id":1331},[163,56650,56651,56656,56660,56665,56671],{},[166,56652,56653],{},[221,56654,14405],{"href":56655},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[166,56657,56658],{},[221,56659,52209],{"href":50416},[166,56661,56662],{},[221,56663,56664],{"href":56589},"Creating a list in Python",[166,56666,56667],{},[221,56668,54956,56669,1070],{"href":56204},[15,56670,52090],{},[166,56672,56673],{},[221,56674,13230],{"href":13229},[1364,56676,56677],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":56679},[56680,56681,56683,56684,56686,56687,56688,56690,56698,56709],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":55146,"depth":103,"text":56682},"What list.copy() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":55417,"depth":103,"text":56685},"Why not use =",{"id":55695,"depth":103,"text":55696},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":56046,"depth":103,"text":56689},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":56691},[56692,56694,56695,56696],{"id":56216,"depth":124,"text":56693},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56362,"depth":124,"text":56363},{"id":56445,"depth":124,"text":56446},{"id":56531,"depth":124,"text":56697},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":56699},[56700,56702,56704,56706,56707],{"id":56596,"depth":124,"text":56701},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56605,"depth":124,"text":56703},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56620,"depth":124,"text":56705},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56628,"depth":124,"text":56629},{"id":56638,"depth":124,"text":56708},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55024,"description":56710},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56717,"title":56718,"body":56719,"description":58460,"extension":1401,"meta":58461,"navigation":127,"path":58462,"seo":58463,"stem":58464,"__hash__":58465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56720,"toc":58419},[56721,56727,56733,56736,56747,56750,56752,56815,56821,56826,56830,56844,56847,56852,56857,56859,56861,56880,56892,56894,56961,56963,56971,56976,56978,56986,56989,57006,57008,57132,57143,57147,57152,57155,57157,57175,57179,57265,57274,57282,57351,57353,57356,57368,57373,57377,57448,57451,57455,57459,57524,57526,57534,57538,57620,57622,57630,57634,57695,57697,57705,57709,57796,57798,57806,57811,57816,57819,57830,57832,57917,57922,57931,57933,57937,57941,57946,58008,58012,58020,58026,58035,58040,58089,58092,58113,58117,58179,58186,58191,58194,58281,58284,58295,58298,58318,58320,58326,58329,58333,58337,58343,58346,58352,58359,58367,58378,58380,58416],[10,56722,53780,56724,18],{"id":56723},"python-list-count-method",[15,56725,56726],{},"count()",[20,56728,56729,56732],{},[15,56730,56731],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56734,56735],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[163,56737,56738,56741,56744],{},[166,56739,56740],{},"count one specific item",[166,56742,56743],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[166,56745,56746],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56748,56749],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[38,56751,3049],{"id":3048},[43,56753,56755],{"className":45,"code":56754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56756,56757,56785,56803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56758,56759,56761,56763,56765,56767,56769,56771,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56760,940],{"class":58},[52,56762,63],{"class":62},[52,56764,3063],{"class":66},[52,56766,948],{"class":947},[52,56768,80],{"class":66},[52,56770,953],{"class":947},[52,56772,80],{"class":66},[52,56774,953],{"class":947},[52,56776,80],{"class":66},[52,56778,958],{"class":947},[52,56780,80],{"class":66},[52,56782,953],{"class":947},[52,56784,3076],{"class":66},[52,56786,56787,56789,56791,56793,56795,56797,56799,56801],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56788,1668],{"class":58},[52,56790,63],{"class":62},[52,56792,970],{"class":58},[52,56794,114],{"class":66},[52,56796,40693],{"class":117},[52,56798,138],{"class":66},[52,56800,1047],{"class":947},[52,56802,144],{"class":66},[52,56804,56805,56807,56809,56811,56813],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,56806,135],{"class":134},[52,56808,138],{"class":66},[52,56810,1703],{"class":117},[52,56812,3102],{"class":66},[52,56814,50207],{"class":3105},[20,56816,799,56817,56820],{},[15,56818,56819],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[38,56822,194,56824,197],{"id":56823},"what-listcount-does",[15,56825,56731],{},[20,56827,56828,202],{},[15,56829,56731],{},[163,56831,56832,56835,56838,56841],{},[166,56833,56834],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[166,56836,56837],{},"returns an integer",[166,56839,56840],{},"does not change the original list",[166,56842,56843],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56845,56846],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56848,56849,56850,114],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56851,1500],{},[20,56853,56854,56855,114],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56856,1558],{},[38,56858,228],{"id":227},[20,56860,1597],{},[43,56862,56864],{"className":45,"code":56863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56865,56866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56867,56868,56870,56872,56874,56876,56878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56869,7786],{"class":58},[52,56871,114],{"class":66},[52,56873,40693],{"class":117},[52,56875,138],{"class":66},[52,56877,985],{"class":117},[52,56879,144],{"class":66},[163,56881,56882,56887],{},[166,56883,56884,56886],{},[15,56885,7786],{}," is the list you want to search",[166,56888,56889,56891],{},[15,56890,985],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56893,267],{},[43,56895,56897],{"className":45,"code":56896,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56898,56899,56939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56900,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911,56913,56915,56917,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56902,35524],{"class":58},[52,56904,63],{"class":62},[52,56906,3063],{"class":66},[52,56908,71],{"class":70},[52,56910,221],{"class":74},[52,56912,71],{"class":70},[52,56914,80],{"class":66},[52,56916,83],{"class":70},[52,56918,4204],{"class":74},[52,56920,71],{"class":70},[52,56922,80],{"class":66},[52,56924,83],{"class":70},[52,56926,221],{"class":74},[52,56928,71],{"class":70},[52,56930,80],{"class":66},[52,56932,83],{"class":70},[52,56934,9187],{"class":74},[52,56936,71],{"class":70},[52,56938,3076],{"class":66},[52,56940,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,56942,135],{"class":134},[52,56944,138],{"class":66},[52,56946,35577],{"class":117},[52,56948,114],{"class":66},[52,56950,40693],{"class":117},[52,56952,138],{"class":66},[52,56954,71],{"class":70},[52,56956,221],{"class":74},[52,56958,71],{"class":70},[52,56960,1222],{"class":66},[20,56962,1509],{},[43,56964,56965],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,56966,56967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56968,56969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56970,16496],{"class":947},[20,56972,56973,56974,114],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56975,1558],{},[38,56977,37453],{"id":37452},[20,56979,56980,56981,56983,56984,114],{},"The return value from ",[15,56982,56726],{}," is always an ",[15,56985,1626],{},[20,56987,56988],{},"Possible results:",[163,56990,56991,56996,57001],{},[166,56992,56993,56995],{},[15,56994,1558],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[166,56997,56998,57000],{},[15,56999,948],{}," if it appears once",[166,57002,57003,57005],{},[15,57004,1047],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57007,267],{},[43,57009,57011],{"className":45,"code":57010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57012,57013,57053,57057,57082,57107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57014,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57016,277],{"class":58},[52,57018,63],{"class":62},[52,57020,3063],{"class":66},[52,57022,71],{"class":70},[52,57024,286],{"class":74},[52,57026,71],{"class":70},[52,57028,80],{"class":66},[52,57030,83],{"class":70},[52,57032,295],{"class":74},[52,57034,71],{"class":70},[52,57036,80],{"class":66},[52,57038,83],{"class":70},[52,57040,304],{"class":74},[52,57042,71],{"class":70},[52,57044,80],{"class":66},[52,57046,83],{"class":70},[52,57048,295],{"class":74},[52,57050,71],{"class":70},[52,57052,3076],{"class":66},[52,57054,57055],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57056,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,57058,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077,57079],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57060,135],{"class":134},[52,57062,138],{"class":66},[52,57064,348],{"class":117},[52,57066,114],{"class":66},[52,57068,40693],{"class":117},[52,57070,138],{"class":66},[52,57072,71],{"class":70},[52,57074,295],{"class":74},[52,57076,71],{"class":70},[52,57078,4807],{"class":66},[52,57080,57081],{"class":3105},"   # 2\n",[52,57083,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100,57102,57104],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57085,135],{"class":134},[52,57087,138],{"class":66},[52,57089,348],{"class":117},[52,57091,114],{"class":66},[52,57093,40693],{"class":117},[52,57095,138],{"class":66},[52,57097,71],{"class":70},[52,57099,286],{"class":74},[52,57101,71],{"class":70},[52,57103,4807],{"class":66},[52,57105,57106],{"class":3105},"    # 1\n",[52,57108,57109,57111,57113,57115,57117,57119,57121,57123,57125,57127,57129],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,57110,135],{"class":134},[52,57112,138],{"class":66},[52,57114,348],{"class":117},[52,57116,114],{"class":66},[52,57118,40693],{"class":117},[52,57120,138],{"class":66},[52,57122,71],{"class":70},[52,57124,21964],{"class":74},[52,57126,71],{"class":70},[52,57128,4807],{"class":66},[52,57130,57131],{"class":3105}," # 0\n",[20,57133,57134,57135,57137,57138,57140,57141,114],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57136,56726],{}," works, but using ",[15,57139,3326],{}," is often simpler. See ",[221,57142,5645],{"href":5644},[38,57144,57146],{"id":57145},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57148,57149,57151],{},[15,57150,56731],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57153,57154],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57156,43085],{},[163,57158,57159,57162,57165,57172],{},[166,57160,57161],{},"matches are based on equality",[166,57163,57164],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[166,57166,57167,803,57169,57171],{},[15,57168,948],{},[15,57170,3044],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[166,57173,57174],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[699,57176,57178],{"id":57177},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[43,57180,57182],{"className":45,"code":57181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57183,57184,57217,57241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57185,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213,57215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57187,3515],{"class":58},[52,57189,63],{"class":62},[52,57191,3063],{"class":66},[52,57193,71],{"class":70},[52,57195,75],{"class":74},[52,57197,71],{"class":70},[52,57199,80],{"class":66},[52,57201,83],{"class":70},[52,57203,57204],{"class":74},"Apple",[52,57206,71],{"class":70},[52,57208,80],{"class":66},[52,57210,83],{"class":70},[52,57212,75],{"class":74},[52,57214,71],{"class":70},[52,57216,3076],{"class":66},[52,57218,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57220,135],{"class":134},[52,57222,138],{"class":66},[52,57224,3556],{"class":117},[52,57226,114],{"class":66},[52,57228,40693],{"class":117},[52,57230,138],{"class":66},[52,57232,71],{"class":70},[52,57234,75],{"class":74},[52,57236,71],{"class":70},[52,57238,4807],{"class":66},[52,57240,50852],{"class":3105},[52,57242,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57244,135],{"class":134},[52,57246,138],{"class":66},[52,57248,3556],{"class":117},[52,57250,114],{"class":66},[52,57252,40693],{"class":117},[52,57254,138],{"class":66},[52,57256,71],{"class":70},[52,57258,57204],{"class":74},[52,57260,71],{"class":70},[52,57262,4807],{"class":66},[52,57264,27218],{"class":3105},[20,57266,57267,803,57270,57273],{},[15,57268,57269],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57271,57272],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[699,57275,57277,803,57279,57281],{"id":57276},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57278,948],{},[15,57280,3044],{}," can match",[43,57283,57285],{"className":45,"code":57284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57286,57287,57311,57331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57288,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303,57305,57307,57309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57290,3265],{"class":58},[52,57292,63],{"class":62},[52,57294,3063],{"class":66},[52,57296,948],{"class":947},[52,57298,80],{"class":66},[52,57300,3360],{"class":3295},[52,57302,80],{"class":66},[52,57304,953],{"class":947},[52,57306,80],{"class":66},[52,57308,4944],{"class":947},[52,57310,3076],{"class":66},[52,57312,57313,57315,57317,57319,57321,57323,57325,57327,57329],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57314,135],{"class":134},[52,57316,138],{"class":66},[52,57318,4804],{"class":117},[52,57320,114],{"class":66},[52,57322,40693],{"class":117},[52,57324,138],{"class":66},[52,57326,948],{"class":947},[52,57328,4807],{"class":66},[52,57330,50355],{"class":3105},[52,57332,57333,57335,57337,57339,57341,57343,57345,57347,57349],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57334,135],{"class":134},[52,57336,138],{"class":66},[52,57338,4804],{"class":117},[52,57340,114],{"class":66},[52,57342,40693],{"class":117},[52,57344,138],{"class":66},[52,57346,3044],{"class":3295},[52,57348,4807],{"class":66},[52,57350,50207],{"class":3105},[20,57352,3852],{},[20,57354,57355],{},"In Python:",[163,57357,57358,57363],{},[166,57359,57360],{},[15,57361,57362],{},"True == 1",[166,57364,57365],{},[15,57366,57367],{},"False == 0",[20,57369,53091,57370,57372],{},[15,57371,56726],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[699,57374,57376],{"id":57375},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[43,57378,57380],{"className":45,"code":57379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57381,57382,57424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57383,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57385,59],{"class":58},[52,57387,63],{"class":62},[52,57389,55729],{"class":66},[52,57391,948],{"class":947},[52,57393,80],{"class":66},[52,57395,953],{"class":947},[52,57397,17501],{"class":66},[52,57399,3063],{"class":66},[52,57401,1500],{"class":947},[52,57403,80],{"class":66},[52,57405,1896],{"class":947},[52,57407,17501],{"class":66},[52,57409,3063],{"class":66},[52,57411,948],{"class":947},[52,57413,80],{"class":66},[52,57415,953],{"class":947},[52,57417,17501],{"class":66},[52,57419,3063],{"class":66},[52,57421,948],{"class":947},[52,57423,52680],{"class":66},[52,57425,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438,57440,57442,57444,57446],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57427,135],{"class":134},[52,57429,138],{"class":66},[52,57431,154],{"class":117},[52,57433,114],{"class":66},[52,57435,40693],{"class":117},[52,57437,2424],{"class":66},[52,57439,948],{"class":947},[52,57441,80],{"class":66},[52,57443,953],{"class":947},[52,57445,4178],{"class":66},[52,57447,50852],{"class":3105},[20,57449,57450],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[38,57452,57454],{"id":57453},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[699,57456,57458],{"id":57457},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[43,57460,57462],{"className":45,"code":57461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57463,57464,57492,57510,57514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57465,57466,57468,57470,57472,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57467,940],{"class":58},[52,57469,63],{"class":62},[52,57471,3063],{"class":66},[52,57473,1770],{"class":947},[52,57475,80],{"class":66},[52,57477,7237],{"class":947},[52,57479,80],{"class":66},[52,57481,5451],{"class":947},[52,57483,80],{"class":66},[52,57485,7242],{"class":947},[52,57487,80],{"class":66},[52,57489,5451],{"class":947},[52,57491,3076],{"class":66},[52,57493,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57495,1668],{"class":58},[52,57497,63],{"class":62},[52,57499,970],{"class":58},[52,57501,114],{"class":66},[52,57503,40693],{"class":117},[52,57505,138],{"class":66},[52,57507,1770],{"class":947},[52,57509,144],{"class":66},[52,57511,57512],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57513,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,57515,57516,57518,57520,57522],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57517,135],{"class":134},[52,57519,138],{"class":66},[52,57521,1703],{"class":117},[52,57523,144],{"class":66},[20,57525,1509],{},[43,57527,57528],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57529,57530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57531,57532],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57533,46052],{"class":947},[699,57535,57537],{"id":57536},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[43,57539,57541],{"className":45,"code":57540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57542,57543,57584,57606,57610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57544,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57580,57582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57546,3515],{"class":58},[52,57548,63],{"class":62},[52,57550,3063],{"class":66},[52,57552,71],{"class":70},[52,57554,488],{"class":74},[52,57556,71],{"class":70},[52,57558,80],{"class":66},[52,57560,83],{"class":70},[52,57562,497],{"class":74},[52,57564,71],{"class":70},[52,57566,80],{"class":66},[52,57568,83],{"class":70},[52,57570,488],{"class":74},[52,57572,71],{"class":70},[52,57574,80],{"class":66},[52,57576,83],{"class":70},[52,57578,57579],{"class":74},"bird",[52,57581,71],{"class":70},[52,57583,3076],{"class":66},[52,57585,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57587,1668],{"class":58},[52,57589,63],{"class":62},[52,57591,5615],{"class":58},[52,57593,114],{"class":66},[52,57595,40693],{"class":117},[52,57597,138],{"class":66},[52,57599,71],{"class":70},[52,57601,488],{"class":74},[52,57603,71],{"class":70},[52,57605,144],{"class":66},[52,57607,57608],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57609,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,57611,57612,57614,57616,57618],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57613,135],{"class":134},[52,57615,138],{"class":66},[52,57617,1703],{"class":117},[52,57619,144],{"class":66},[20,57621,1509],{},[43,57623,57624],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57625,57626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57627,57628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57629,16496],{"class":947},[699,57631,57633],{"id":57632},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[43,57635,57637],{"className":45,"code":57636,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57638,57639,57663,57681,57685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57640,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57642,940],{"class":58},[52,57644,63],{"class":62},[52,57646,3063],{"class":66},[52,57648,948],{"class":947},[52,57650,80],{"class":66},[52,57652,953],{"class":947},[52,57654,80],{"class":66},[52,57656,958],{"class":947},[52,57658,80],{"class":66},[52,57660,1896],{"class":947},[52,57662,3076],{"class":66},[52,57664,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57666,1668],{"class":58},[52,57668,63],{"class":62},[52,57670,970],{"class":58},[52,57672,114],{"class":66},[52,57674,40693],{"class":117},[52,57676,138],{"class":66},[52,57678,1131],{"class":947},[52,57680,144],{"class":66},[52,57682,57683],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57684,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,57686,57687,57689,57691,57693],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57688,135],{"class":134},[52,57690,138],{"class":66},[52,57692,1703],{"class":117},[52,57694,144],{"class":66},[20,57696,1509],{},[43,57698,57699],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57700,57701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57702,57703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57704,46687],{"class":947},[699,57706,57708],{"id":57707},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[43,57710,57712],{"className":45,"code":57711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57713,57714,57760,57782,57786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57715,57716,57718,57720,57722,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57717,8613],{"class":58},[52,57719,63],{"class":62},[52,57721,55729],{"class":66},[52,57723,948],{"class":947},[52,57725,80],{"class":66},[52,57727,953],{"class":947},[52,57729,17501],{"class":66},[52,57731,3063],{"class":66},[52,57733,948],{"class":947},[52,57735,80],{"class":66},[52,57737,953],{"class":947},[52,57739,17501],{"class":66},[52,57741,3063],{"class":66},[52,57743,1047],{"class":947},[52,57745,80],{"class":66},[52,57747,958],{"class":947},[52,57749,17501],{"class":66},[52,57751,3063],{"class":66},[52,57753,948],{"class":947},[52,57755,80],{"class":66},[52,57757,953],{"class":947},[52,57759,52680],{"class":66},[52,57761,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57763,1668],{"class":58},[52,57765,63],{"class":62},[52,57767,14006],{"class":58},[52,57769,114],{"class":66},[52,57771,40693],{"class":117},[52,57773,2424],{"class":66},[52,57775,948],{"class":947},[52,57777,80],{"class":66},[52,57779,953],{"class":947},[52,57781,3332],{"class":66},[52,57783,57784],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57785,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,57787,57788,57790,57792,57794],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57789,135],{"class":134},[52,57791,138],{"class":66},[52,57793,1703],{"class":117},[52,57795,144],{"class":66},[20,57797,1509],{},[43,57799,57800],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57801,57802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57803,57804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57805,46052],{"class":947},[38,57807,894,57809],{"id":57808},"when-to-use-count",[15,57810,56726],{},[20,57812,799,57813,57815],{},[15,57814,56726],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57817,57818],{},"Good use cases:",[163,57820,57821,57824,57827],{},[166,57822,57823],{},"counting one specific item",[166,57825,57826],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[166,57828,57829],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57831,267],{},[43,57833,57835],{"className":45,"code":57834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57836,57837,57878,57902,57906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57838,57839,57842,57844,57846,57848,57850,57852,57854,57856,57858,57860,57862,57864,57866,57868,57870,57872,57874,57876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57840,57841],{"class":58},"votes ",[52,57843,63],{"class":62},[52,57845,3063],{"class":66},[52,57847,71],{"class":70},[52,57849,8104],{"class":74},[52,57851,71],{"class":70},[52,57853,80],{"class":66},[52,57855,83],{"class":70},[52,57857,8044],{"class":74},[52,57859,71],{"class":70},[52,57861,80],{"class":66},[52,57863,83],{"class":70},[52,57865,8104],{"class":74},[52,57867,71],{"class":70},[52,57869,80],{"class":66},[52,57871,83],{"class":70},[52,57873,8104],{"class":74},[52,57875,71],{"class":70},[52,57877,3076],{"class":66},[52,57879,57880,57883,57885,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57881,57882],{"class":58},"yes_votes ",[52,57884,63],{"class":62},[52,57886,57887],{"class":58}," votes",[52,57889,114],{"class":66},[52,57891,40693],{"class":117},[52,57893,138],{"class":66},[52,57895,71],{"class":70},[52,57897,8104],{"class":74},[52,57899,71],{"class":70},[52,57901,144],{"class":66},[52,57903,57904],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,57905,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,57907,57908,57910,57912,57915],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,57909,135],{"class":134},[52,57911,138],{"class":66},[52,57913,57914],{"class":117},"yes_votes",[52,57916,144],{"class":66},[20,57918,57919,57921],{},[15,57920,56726],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57923,57924,57925,803,57927,114],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[221,57926,52209],{"href":50416},[221,57928,57930],{"href":57929},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[38,57932,1158],{"id":1157},[20,57934,7894,57935,114],{},[15,57936,56731],{},[699,57938,57940],{"id":57939},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57942,57943,57945],{},[15,57944,56731],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[43,57947,57949],{"className":45,"code":57948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57950,57951,57984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57952,57953,57955,57957,57959,57961,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57954,3515],{"class":58},[52,57956,63],{"class":62},[52,57958,3063],{"class":66},[52,57960,71],{"class":70},[52,57962,57963],{"class":74},"apple pie",[52,57965,71],{"class":70},[52,57967,80],{"class":66},[52,57969,83],{"class":70},[52,57971,86],{"class":74},[52,57973,71],{"class":70},[52,57975,80],{"class":66},[52,57977,83],{"class":70},[52,57979,57963],{"class":74},[52,57981,71],{"class":70},[52,57983,3076],{"class":66},[52,57985,57986,57988,57990,57992,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,57987,135],{"class":134},[52,57989,138],{"class":66},[52,57991,3556],{"class":117},[52,57993,114],{"class":66},[52,57995,40693],{"class":117},[52,57997,138],{"class":66},[52,57999,71],{"class":70},[52,58001,75],{"class":74},[52,58003,71],{"class":70},[52,58005,4807],{"class":66},[52,58007,50684],{"class":3105},[20,58009,1927,58010,1293],{},[15,58011,1558],{},[20,58013,28496,58014,58016,58017,114],{},[15,58015,57269],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58018,58019],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58021,58022,58023,114],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58024,58025],{},"str.count()",[699,58027,1174,58029,7902,58031,456,58033],{"id":58028},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58030,56726],{},[15,58032,3044],{},[15,58034,3116],{},[20,58036,58037,58039],{},[15,58038,56726],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[43,58041,58043],{"className":45,"code":58042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58044,58045,58069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58048,940],{"class":58},[52,58050,63],{"class":62},[52,58052,3063],{"class":66},[52,58054,948],{"class":947},[52,58056,80],{"class":66},[52,58058,953],{"class":947},[52,58060,80],{"class":66},[52,58062,953],{"class":947},[52,58064,80],{"class":66},[52,58066,958],{"class":947},[52,58068,3076],{"class":66},[52,58070,58071,58073,58075,58077,58079,58081,58083,58085,58087],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58072,135],{"class":134},[52,58074,138],{"class":66},[52,58076,1037],{"class":117},[52,58078,114],{"class":66},[52,58080,40693],{"class":117},[52,58082,138],{"class":66},[52,58084,1047],{"class":947},[52,58086,4807],{"class":66},[52,58088,50852],{"class":3105},[20,58090,58091],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[43,58093,58095],{"className":45,"code":58094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58096,58097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58098,58099,58101,58103,58105,58107,58109,58111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58100,135],{"class":134},[52,58102,138],{"class":66},[52,58104,1047],{"class":947},[52,58106,20613],{"class":731},[52,58108,970],{"class":117},[52,58110,3102],{"class":66},[52,58112,3106],{"class":3105},[699,58114,58116],{"id":58115},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[43,58118,58120],{"className":45,"code":58119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58121,58122,58155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58123,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58151,58153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58125,4438],{"class":58},[52,58127,63],{"class":62},[52,58129,3063],{"class":66},[52,58131,71],{"class":70},[52,58133,7124],{"class":74},[52,58135,71],{"class":70},[52,58137,80],{"class":66},[52,58139,83],{"class":70},[52,58141,19657],{"class":74},[52,58143,71],{"class":70},[52,58145,80],{"class":66},[52,58147,83],{"class":70},[52,58149,58150],{"class":74},"SAM",[52,58152,71],{"class":70},[52,58154,3076],{"class":66},[52,58156,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167,58169,58171,58173,58175,58177],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58158,135],{"class":134},[52,58160,138],{"class":66},[52,58162,4482],{"class":117},[52,58164,114],{"class":66},[52,58166,40693],{"class":117},[52,58168,138],{"class":66},[52,58170,71],{"class":70},[52,58172,19657],{"class":74},[52,58174,71],{"class":70},[52,58176,4807],{"class":66},[52,58178,27218],{"class":3105},[20,58180,58181,58182,58185],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58183,58184],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[699,58187,633,58189,32980],{"id":58188},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58190,56726],{},[20,58192,58193],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[43,58195,58197],{"className":45,"code":58196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58198,58199,58209,58223,58241,58255,58267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58200,58201,58203,58205,58207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58202,135],{"class":134},[52,58204,138],{"class":66},[52,58206,7786],{"class":117},[52,58208,144],{"class":66},[52,58210,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58212,135],{"class":134},[52,58214,138],{"class":66},[52,58216,1231],{"class":600},[52,58218,138],{"class":66},[52,58220,7786],{"class":117},[52,58222,1222],{"class":66},[52,58224,58225,58227,58229,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,58226,135],{"class":134},[52,58228,138],{"class":66},[52,58230,7786],{"class":117},[52,58232,114],{"class":66},[52,58234,40693],{"class":117},[52,58236,138],{"class":66},[52,58238,985],{"class":117},[52,58240,1222],{"class":66},[52,58242,58243,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58244,135],{"class":134},[52,58246,138],{"class":66},[52,58248,965],{"class":117},[52,58250,3326],{"class":731},[52,58252,7843],{"class":117},[52,58254,144],{"class":66},[52,58256,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,58258,5405],{"class":731},[52,58260,5408],{"class":58},[52,58262,3326],{"class":731},[52,58264,7843],{"class":58},[52,58266,737],{"class":66},[52,58268,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,58270,757],{"class":134},[52,58272,138],{"class":66},[52,58274,41213],{"class":134},[52,58276,138],{"class":66},[52,58278,337],{"class":117},[52,58280,1222],{"class":66},[20,58282,58283],{},"These checks can help you see:",[163,58285,58286,58289,58292],{},[166,58287,58288],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[166,58290,58291],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[166,58293,58294],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58296,58297],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[163,58299,58300,58305,58308,58315],{},[166,58301,49928,58302,58304],{},[15,58303,56726],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[166,58306,58307],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[166,58309,10550,58310,58312,58313],{},[15,58311,56731],{}," with string ",[15,58314,56726],{},[166,58316,58317],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[38,58319,1273],{"id":1272},[699,58321,1277,58323,58325],{"id":58322},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58324,56731],{}," change the list?",[20,58327,58328],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[699,58330,58332],{"id":58331},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58334,11354,58335,114],{},[15,58336,1558],{},[699,58338,4614,58340,58342],{"id":58339},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58341,56731],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58344,58345],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[699,58347,14343,58349,58351],{"id":58348},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58350,56731],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58353,41586,58354,803,58356,58358],{},[15,58355,57272],{},[15,58357,57269],{}," are different values.",[699,58360,4602,58362,58364,58365,1293],{"id":58361},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58363,3044],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58366,948],{},[20,58368,8232,58369,58371,58372,803,58374,58371,58376,114],{},[15,58370,3044],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58373,948],{},[15,58375,3116],{},[15,58377,1558],{},[38,58379,1332],{"id":1331},[163,58381,58382,58386,58392,58396,58404,58411],{},[166,58383,58384],{},[221,58385,52209],{"href":50416},[166,58387,58388],{},[221,58389,58391],{"href":58390},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[166,58393,58394],{},[221,58395,6382],{"href":5644},[166,58397,58398],{},[221,58399,54956,58401,1070],{"href":58400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58402,58403],{},"index()",[166,58405,58406],{},[221,58407,3015,58409],{"href":58408},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58410,41795],{},[166,58412,58413],{},[221,58414,58415],{"href":57929},"What is a list in Python",[1364,58417,58418],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":58420},[58421,58422,58424,58425,58426,58432,58438,58440,58448,58459],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":56823,"depth":103,"text":58423},"What list.count() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":37452,"depth":103,"text":37453},{"id":57145,"depth":103,"text":57146,"children":58427},[58428,58429,58431],{"id":57177,"depth":124,"text":57178},{"id":57276,"depth":124,"text":58430},"1 and True can match",{"id":57375,"depth":124,"text":57376},{"id":57453,"depth":103,"text":57454,"children":58433},[58434,58435,58436,58437],{"id":57457,"depth":124,"text":57458},{"id":57536,"depth":124,"text":57537},{"id":57632,"depth":124,"text":57633},{"id":57707,"depth":124,"text":57708},{"id":57808,"depth":103,"text":58439},"When to use count()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":58441},[58442,58443,58445,58446],{"id":57939,"depth":124,"text":57940},{"id":58028,"depth":124,"text":58444},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58115,"depth":124,"text":58116},{"id":58188,"depth":124,"text":58447},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":58449},[58450,58452,58453,58455,58457],{"id":58322,"depth":124,"text":58451},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58331,"depth":124,"text":58332},{"id":58339,"depth":124,"text":58454},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58348,"depth":124,"text":58456},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58361,"depth":124,"text":58458},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56718,"description":58460},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58467,"title":58468,"body":58469,"description":60432,"extension":1401,"meta":60433,"navigation":127,"path":60434,"seo":60435,"stem":60436,"__hash__":60437},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58470,"toc":60395},[58471,58474,58477,58479,58607,58611,58692,58703,58705,58724,58728,58731,58734,58752,58754,58797,58801,58826,58835,58839,58844,58847,58964,58968,59037,59041,59053,59057,59060,59101,59105,59118,59121,59206,59210,59243,59250,59256,59261,59263,59275,59279,59312,59316,59348,59352,59389,59393,59413,59417,59451,59455,59484,59495,59499,59502,59505,59518,59575,59579,59618,59624,59627,59629,59632,59636,59639,59664,59666,59691,59698,59701,59746,59750,59769,59772,59811,59818,59823,59857,59861,59962,59969,60002,60006,60032,60036,60039,60077,60080,60117,60121,60124,60143,60147,60208,60210,60228,60232,60235,60238,60267,60269,60273,60276,60284,60288,60291,60311,60317,60323,60327,60330,60337,60345,60347,60386,60392],[10,58472,58468],{"id":58473},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58475,58476],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[38,58478,3049],{"id":3048},[43,58480,58482],{"className":45,"code":58481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58483,58484,58504,58536,58544,58562,58566,58576,58586,58597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58485,58486,58488,58490,58492,58494,58496,58498,58500,58502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58487,940],{"class":58},[52,58489,63],{"class":62},[52,58491,3063],{"class":66},[52,58493,948],{"class":947},[52,58495,80],{"class":66},[52,58497,953],{"class":947},[52,58499,80],{"class":66},[52,58501,958],{"class":947},[52,58503,3076],{"class":66},[52,58505,58506,58508,58510,58512,58514,58516,58518,58520,58522,58524,58526,58528,58530,58532,58534],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58507,4438],{"class":58},[52,58509,63],{"class":62},[52,58511,3063],{"class":66},[52,58513,71],{"class":70},[52,58515,12323],{"class":74},[52,58517,71],{"class":70},[52,58519,80],{"class":66},[52,58521,83],{"class":70},[52,58523,35374],{"class":74},[52,58525,71],{"class":70},[52,58527,80],{"class":66},[52,58529,83],{"class":70},[52,58531,35383],{"class":74},[52,58533,71],{"class":70},[52,58535,3076],{"class":66},[52,58537,58538,58540,58542],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,58539,55366],{"class":58},[52,58541,63],{"class":62},[52,58543,7285],{"class":66},[52,58545,58546,58548,58550,58552,58554,58556,58558,58560],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58547,35524],{"class":58},[52,58549,63],{"class":62},[52,58551,22000],{"class":600},[52,58553,138],{"class":66},[52,58555,71],{"class":70},[52,58557,40994],{"class":74},[52,58559,71],{"class":70},[52,58561,144],{"class":66},[52,58563,58564],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,58565,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,58567,58568,58570,58572,58574],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,58569,135],{"class":134},[52,58571,138],{"class":66},[52,58573,1037],{"class":117},[52,58575,144],{"class":66},[52,58577,58578,58580,58582,58584],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,58579,135],{"class":134},[52,58581,138],{"class":66},[52,58583,4482],{"class":117},[52,58585,144],{"class":66},[52,58587,58588,58590,58592,58595],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,58589,135],{"class":134},[52,58591,138],{"class":66},[52,58593,58594],{"class":117},"empty_list",[52,58596,144],{"class":66},[52,58598,58599,58601,58603,58605],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,58600,135],{"class":134},[52,58602,138],{"class":66},[52,58604,35577],{"class":117},[52,58606,144],{"class":66},[20,58608,58609],{},[30,58610,1509],{},[43,58612,58614],{"className":45,"code":58613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58615,58616,58632,58660,58664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58617,58618,58620,58622,58624,58626,58628,58630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58619,3344],{"class":66},[52,58621,948],{"class":947},[52,58623,80],{"class":66},[52,58625,953],{"class":947},[52,58627,80],{"class":66},[52,58629,958],{"class":947},[52,58631,3076],{"class":66},[52,58633,58634,58636,58638,58640,58642,58644,58646,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58635,3344],{"class":66},[52,58637,608],{"class":70},[52,58639,12323],{"class":74},[52,58641,608],{"class":70},[52,58643,80],{"class":66},[52,58645,617],{"class":70},[52,58647,35374],{"class":74},[52,58649,608],{"class":70},[52,58651,80],{"class":66},[52,58653,617],{"class":70},[52,58655,35383],{"class":74},[52,58657,608],{"class":70},[52,58659,3076],{"class":66},[52,58661,58662],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,58663,37730],{"class":66},[52,58665,58666,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58667,3344],{"class":66},[52,58669,608],{"class":70},[52,58671,221],{"class":74},[52,58673,608],{"class":70},[52,58675,80],{"class":66},[52,58677,617],{"class":70},[52,58679,4204],{"class":74},[52,58681,608],{"class":70},[52,58683,80],{"class":66},[52,58685,617],{"class":70},[52,58687,9187],{"class":74},[52,58689,608],{"class":70},[52,58691,3076],{"class":66},[20,58693,58694,58695,58697,58698,58700,58701,114],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58696,3229],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58699,24221],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58702,35632],{},[38,58704,14603],{"id":14602},[163,58706,58707,58710,58713,58716,58721],{},[166,58708,58709],{},"What a list is in Python",[166,58711,58712],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[166,58714,58715],{},"How to create an empty list",[166,58717,58718,58719,1742],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58720,24221],{},[166,58722,58723],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[38,58725,58727],{"id":58726},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58729,58730],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58732,58733],{},"This means:",[163,58735,58736,58739,58742,58745],{},[166,58737,58738],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[166,58740,58741],{},"The order of items is kept",[166,58743,58744],{},"A list can hold different data types",[166,58746,58747,58748,58751],{},"A list is ",[30,58749,58750],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58753,267],{},[43,58755,58757],{"className":45,"code":58756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58758,58759,58783,58787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58760,58761,58763,58765,58767,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58762,59],{"class":58},[52,58764,63],{"class":62},[52,58766,3063],{"class":66},[52,58768,71],{"class":70},[52,58770,75],{"class":74},[52,58772,71],{"class":70},[52,58774,80],{"class":66},[52,58776,5451],{"class":947},[52,58778,80],{"class":66},[52,58780,3360],{"class":3295},[52,58782,3076],{"class":66},[52,58784,58785],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58786,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,58788,58789,58791,58793,58795],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,58790,135],{"class":134},[52,58792,138],{"class":66},[52,58794,154],{"class":117},[52,58796,144],{"class":66},[20,58798,58799],{},[30,58800,1509],{},[43,58802,58804],{"className":45,"code":58803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58805,58806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58807,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822,58824],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58809,3344],{"class":66},[52,58811,608],{"class":70},[52,58813,75],{"class":74},[52,58815,608],{"class":70},[52,58817,80],{"class":66},[52,58819,5451],{"class":947},[52,58821,80],{"class":66},[52,58823,3360],{"class":3295},[52,58825,3076],{"class":66},[20,58827,58828,58829,456,58832,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[221,58830,58831],{"href":50416},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[221,58833,58834],{"href":57929},"What is a List in Python?",[38,58836,58838],{"id":58837},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58840,58694,58841,58843],{},[15,58842,3229],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58845,58846],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[43,58848,58850],{"className":45,"code":58849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58851,58852,58872,58904,58929,58933,58943,58953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58853,58854,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866,58868,58870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58855,940],{"class":58},[52,58857,63],{"class":62},[52,58859,3063],{"class":66},[52,58861,948],{"class":947},[52,58863,80],{"class":66},[52,58865,953],{"class":947},[52,58867,80],{"class":66},[52,58869,958],{"class":947},[52,58871,3076],{"class":66},[52,58873,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884,58886,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898,58900,58902],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58875,4438],{"class":58},[52,58877,63],{"class":62},[52,58879,3063],{"class":66},[52,58881,71],{"class":70},[52,58883,12323],{"class":74},[52,58885,71],{"class":70},[52,58887,80],{"class":66},[52,58889,83],{"class":70},[52,58891,35374],{"class":74},[52,58893,71],{"class":70},[52,58895,80],{"class":66},[52,58897,83],{"class":70},[52,58899,35383],{"class":74},[52,58901,71],{"class":70},[52,58903,3076],{"class":66},[52,58905,58906,58909,58911,58913,58915,58917,58919,58921,58923,58925,58927],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,58907,58908],{"class":58},"mixed ",[52,58910,63],{"class":62},[52,58912,3063],{"class":66},[52,58914,1770],{"class":947},[52,58916,80],{"class":66},[52,58918,83],{"class":70},[52,58920,3288],{"class":74},[52,58922,71],{"class":70},[52,58924,80],{"class":66},[52,58926,3351],{"class":3295},[52,58928,3076],{"class":66},[52,58930,58931],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,58932,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,58934,58935,58937,58939,58941],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,58936,135],{"class":134},[52,58938,138],{"class":66},[52,58940,1037],{"class":117},[52,58942,144],{"class":66},[52,58944,58945,58947,58949,58951],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,58946,135],{"class":134},[52,58948,138],{"class":66},[52,58950,4482],{"class":117},[52,58952,144],{"class":66},[52,58954,58955,58957,58959,58962],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,58956,135],{"class":134},[52,58958,138],{"class":66},[52,58960,58961],{"class":117},"mixed",[52,58963,144],{"class":66},[20,58965,58966],{},[30,58967,1509],{},[43,58969,58971],{"className":45,"code":58970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58972,58973,58989,59017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58974,58975,58977,58979,58981,58983,58985,58987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58976,3344],{"class":66},[52,58978,948],{"class":947},[52,58980,80],{"class":66},[52,58982,953],{"class":947},[52,58984,80],{"class":66},[52,58986,958],{"class":947},[52,58988,3076],{"class":66},[52,58990,58991,58993,58995,58997,58999,59001,59003,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,58992,3344],{"class":66},[52,58994,608],{"class":70},[52,58996,12323],{"class":74},[52,58998,608],{"class":70},[52,59000,80],{"class":66},[52,59002,617],{"class":70},[52,59004,35374],{"class":74},[52,59006,608],{"class":70},[52,59008,80],{"class":66},[52,59010,617],{"class":70},[52,59012,35383],{"class":74},[52,59014,608],{"class":70},[52,59016,3076],{"class":66},[52,59018,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031,59033,59035],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,59020,3344],{"class":66},[52,59022,1770],{"class":947},[52,59024,80],{"class":66},[52,59026,617],{"class":70},[52,59028,3288],{"class":74},[52,59030,608],{"class":70},[52,59032,80],{"class":66},[52,59034,3351],{"class":3295},[52,59036,3076],{"class":66},[699,59038,59040],{"id":59039},"key-points","Key points",[163,59042,59043,59048,59050],{},[166,59044,799,59045,59047],{},[15,59046,3229],{}," to make a new list",[166,59049,14873],{},[166,59051,59052],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[38,59054,59056],{"id":59055},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59058,59059],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[43,59061,59063],{"className":45,"code":59062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59064,59065,59073,59077,59087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59066,59067,59069,59071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59068,7755],{"class":58},[52,59070,63],{"class":62},[52,59072,7285],{"class":66},[52,59074,59075],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59076,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,59078,59079,59081,59083,59085],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,59080,135],{"class":134},[52,59082,138],{"class":66},[52,59084,7786],{"class":117},[52,59086,144],{"class":66},[52,59088,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59090,135],{"class":134},[52,59092,138],{"class":66},[52,59094,1215],{"class":134},[52,59096,138],{"class":66},[52,59098,7786],{"class":117},[52,59100,1222],{"class":66},[20,59102,59103],{},[30,59104,1509],{},[43,59106,59108],{"className":45,"code":59107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[]\n0\n",[15,59109,59110,59114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59111,59112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59113,37730],{"class":66},[52,59115,59116],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59117,46687],{"class":947},[20,59119,59120],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[43,59122,59124],{"className":45,"code":59123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59125,59126,59134,59138,59156,59174,59192,59196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59127,59128,59130,59132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59129,4438],{"class":58},[52,59131,63],{"class":62},[52,59133,7285],{"class":66},[52,59135,59136],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59137,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,59141,4482],{"class":58},[52,59143,114],{"class":66},[52,59145,12992],{"class":117},[52,59147,138],{"class":66},[52,59149,71],{"class":70},[52,59151,12323],{"class":74},[52,59153,71],{"class":70},[52,59155,144],{"class":66},[52,59157,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,59159,4482],{"class":58},[52,59161,114],{"class":66},[52,59163,12992],{"class":117},[52,59165,138],{"class":66},[52,59167,71],{"class":70},[52,59169,35374],{"class":74},[52,59171,71],{"class":70},[52,59173,144],{"class":66},[52,59175,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,59177,4482],{"class":58},[52,59179,114],{"class":66},[52,59181,12992],{"class":117},[52,59183,138],{"class":66},[52,59185,71],{"class":70},[52,59187,35383],{"class":74},[52,59189,71],{"class":70},[52,59191,144],{"class":66},[52,59193,59194],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,59195,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,59197,59198,59200,59202,59204],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,59199,135],{"class":134},[52,59201,138],{"class":66},[52,59203,4482],{"class":117},[52,59205,144],{"class":66},[20,59207,59208],{},[30,59209,1509],{},[43,59211,59213],{"className":45,"code":59212,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59214,59215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59216,59217,59219,59221,59223,59225,59227,59229,59231,59233,59235,59237,59239,59241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59218,3344],{"class":66},[52,59220,608],{"class":70},[52,59222,12323],{"class":74},[52,59224,608],{"class":70},[52,59226,80],{"class":66},[52,59228,617],{"class":70},[52,59230,35374],{"class":74},[52,59232,608],{"class":70},[52,59234,80],{"class":66},[52,59236,617],{"class":70},[52,59238,35383],{"class":74},[52,59240,608],{"class":70},[52,59242,3076],{"class":66},[20,59244,59245,59246,114],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[221,59247,59248,1070],{"href":56204},[15,59249,52090],{},[38,59251,59253,59254],{"id":59252},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59255,24221],{},[20,59257,799,59258,59260],{},[15,59259,24221],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59262,4903],{},[163,59264,59265,59267,59269,59271],{},[166,59266,4754],{},[166,59268,4748],{},[166,59270,4751],{},[166,59272,59273],{},[15,59274,35632],{},[699,59276,59278],{"id":59277},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[43,59280,59282],{"className":45,"code":59281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59283,59284,59302],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59285,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59287,35524],{"class":58},[52,59289,63],{"class":62},[52,59291,22000],{"class":600},[52,59293,138],{"class":66},[52,59295,71],{"class":70},[52,59297,40994],{"class":74},[52,59299,71],{"class":70},[52,59301,144],{"class":66},[52,59303,59304,59306,59308,59310],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59305,135],{"class":134},[52,59307,138],{"class":66},[52,59309,35577],{"class":117},[52,59311,144],{"class":66},[20,59313,59314],{},[30,59315,1509],{},[43,59317,59318],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,59319,59320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59321,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334,59336,59338,59340,59342,59344,59346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59323,3344],{"class":66},[52,59325,608],{"class":70},[52,59327,221],{"class":74},[52,59329,608],{"class":70},[52,59331,80],{"class":66},[52,59333,617],{"class":70},[52,59335,4204],{"class":74},[52,59337,608],{"class":70},[52,59339,80],{"class":66},[52,59341,617],{"class":70},[52,59343,9187],{"class":74},[52,59345,608],{"class":70},[52,59347,3076],{"class":66},[699,59349,59351],{"id":59350},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[43,59353,59355],{"className":45,"code":59354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59356,59357,59379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59358,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367,59369,59371,59373,59375,59377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59360,940],{"class":58},[52,59362,63],{"class":62},[52,59364,22000],{"class":600},[52,59366,4957],{"class":66},[52,59368,948],{"class":947},[52,59370,80],{"class":66},[52,59372,953],{"class":947},[52,59374,80],{"class":66},[52,59376,958],{"class":947},[52,59378,1222],{"class":66},[52,59380,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59382,135],{"class":134},[52,59384,138],{"class":66},[52,59386,1037],{"class":117},[52,59388,144],{"class":66},[20,59390,59391],{},[30,59392,1509],{},[43,59394,59395],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,59396,59397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59398,59399,59401,59403,59405,59407,59409,59411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59400,3344],{"class":66},[52,59402,948],{"class":947},[52,59404,80],{"class":66},[52,59406,953],{"class":947},[52,59408,80],{"class":66},[52,59410,958],{"class":947},[52,59412,3076],{"class":66},[699,59414,59416],{"id":59415},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[43,59418,59420],{"className":45,"code":59419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59421,59422,59441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59423,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59435,59437,59439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59425,3265],{"class":58},[52,59427,63],{"class":62},[52,59429,22000],{"class":600},[52,59431,138],{"class":66},[52,59433,59434],{"class":134},"range",[52,59436,138],{"class":66},[52,59438,1131],{"class":947},[52,59440,1222],{"class":66},[52,59442,59443,59445,59447,59449],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59444,135],{"class":134},[52,59446,138],{"class":66},[52,59448,4804],{"class":117},[52,59450,144],{"class":66},[20,59452,59453],{},[30,59454,1509],{},[43,59456,59458],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59459,59460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59461,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59463,3344],{"class":66},[52,59465,1558],{"class":947},[52,59467,80],{"class":66},[52,59469,4944],{"class":947},[52,59471,80],{"class":66},[52,59473,953],{"class":947},[52,59475,80],{"class":66},[52,59477,958],{"class":947},[52,59479,80],{"class":66},[52,59481,1896],{"class":947},[52,59483,3076],{"class":66},[20,59485,59486,59488,59489,114],{},[15,59487,24221],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[221,59490,59492,59494],{"href":59491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59493,24221],{},": Function Explained",[38,59496,59498],{"id":59497},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59500,59501],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59503,59504],{},"Examples include:",[163,59506,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515],{},[166,59508,4754],{},[166,59510,39857],{},[166,59512,51483],{},[166,59514,40027],{},[166,59516,59517],{},"other lists",[43,59519,59521],{"className":45,"code":59520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59522,59523,59561,59565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59524,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547,59549,59551,59553,59555,59557,59559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59526,8613],{"class":58},[52,59528,63],{"class":62},[52,59530,3063],{"class":66},[52,59532,71],{"class":70},[52,59534,12323],{"class":74},[52,59536,71],{"class":70},[52,59538,80],{"class":66},[52,59540,8754],{"class":947},[52,59542,80],{"class":66},[52,59544,3360],{"class":3295},[52,59546,80],{"class":66},[52,59548,3063],{"class":66},[52,59550,948],{"class":947},[52,59552,80],{"class":66},[52,59554,953],{"class":947},[52,59556,80],{"class":66},[52,59558,958],{"class":947},[52,59560,52680],{"class":66},[52,59562,59563],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59564,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,59566,59567,59569,59571,59573],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,59568,135],{"class":134},[52,59570,138],{"class":66},[52,59572,8652],{"class":117},[52,59574,144],{"class":66},[20,59576,59577],{},[30,59578,1509],{},[43,59580,59582],{"className":45,"code":59581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59583,59584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59585,59586,59588,59590,59592,59594,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612,59614,59616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59587,3344],{"class":66},[52,59589,608],{"class":70},[52,59591,12323],{"class":74},[52,59593,608],{"class":70},[52,59595,80],{"class":66},[52,59597,8754],{"class":947},[52,59599,80],{"class":66},[52,59601,3360],{"class":3295},[52,59603,80],{"class":66},[52,59605,3063],{"class":66},[52,59607,948],{"class":947},[52,59609,80],{"class":66},[52,59611,953],{"class":947},[52,59613,80],{"class":66},[52,59615,958],{"class":947},[52,59617,52680],{"class":66},[20,59619,59620,59621,114],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,59622,59623],{},"nested list",[20,59625,59626],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[38,59628,3961],{"id":3960},[20,59630,59631],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[699,59633,59635],{"id":59634},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59637,59638],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[43,59640,59642],{"className":45,"code":59641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59643,59644,59648],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59645,59646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59647,3978],{"class":3105},[52,59649,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660,59662],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59651,940],{"class":58},[52,59653,63],{"class":62},[52,59655,3063],{"class":66},[52,59657,948],{"class":947},[52,59659,953],{"class":947},[52,59661,958],{"class":947},[52,59663,3076],{"class":66},[20,59665,10252],{},[43,59667,59669],{"className":45,"code":59668,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59670,59671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59672,59673,59675,59677,59679,59681,59683,59685,59687,59689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59674,940],{"class":58},[52,59676,63],{"class":62},[52,59678,3063],{"class":66},[52,59680,948],{"class":947},[52,59682,80],{"class":66},[52,59684,953],{"class":947},[52,59686,80],{"class":66},[52,59688,958],{"class":947},[52,59690,3076],{"class":66},[699,59692,1185,59694,1326,59696],{"id":59693},"using-instead-of",[15,59695,6812],{},[15,59697,3229],{},[20,59699,59700],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[43,59702,59704],{"className":45,"code":59703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59705,59706,59727,59731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59707,59708,59711,59713,59715,59717,59719,59721,59723,59725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59709,59710],{"class":58},"my_values ",[52,59712,63],{"class":62},[52,59714,8684],{"class":66},[52,59716,948],{"class":947},[52,59718,80],{"class":66},[52,59720,953],{"class":947},[52,59722,80],{"class":66},[52,59724,958],{"class":947},[52,59726,144],{"class":66},[52,59728,59729],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59730,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,59732,59733,59735,59737,59739,59741,59744],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,59734,135],{"class":134},[52,59736,138],{"class":66},[52,59738,1231],{"class":600},[52,59740,138],{"class":66},[52,59742,59743],{"class":117},"my_values",[52,59745,1222],{"class":66},[20,59747,59748],{},[30,59749,1509],{},[43,59751,59753],{"className":45,"code":59752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59754,59755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59756,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59758,2729],{"class":62},[52,59760,2732],{"class":1503},[52,59762,617],{"class":70},[52,59764,48389],{"class":74},[52,59766,608],{"class":70},[52,59768,2741],{"class":62},[20,59770,59771],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[43,59773,59775],{"className":45,"code":59774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59776,59777,59797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59778,59779,59781,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59780,59710],{"class":58},[52,59782,63],{"class":62},[52,59784,3063],{"class":66},[52,59786,948],{"class":947},[52,59788,80],{"class":66},[52,59790,953],{"class":947},[52,59792,80],{"class":66},[52,59794,958],{"class":947},[52,59796,3076],{"class":66},[52,59798,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59800,135],{"class":134},[52,59802,138],{"class":66},[52,59804,1231],{"class":600},[52,59806,138],{"class":66},[52,59808,59743],{"class":117},[52,59810,1222],{"class":66},[699,59812,1174,59814,59817],{"id":59813},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59815,59816],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59819,59820,59822],{},[15,59821,24221],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[43,59824,59826],{"className":45,"code":59825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59827,59828,59847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59829,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59843,59845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59831,1668],{"class":58},[52,59833,63],{"class":62},[52,59835,22000],{"class":600},[52,59837,138],{"class":66},[52,59839,71],{"class":70},[52,59841,59842],{"class":74},"hello world",[52,59844,71],{"class":70},[52,59846,144],{"class":66},[52,59848,59849,59851,59853,59855],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59850,135],{"class":134},[52,59852,138],{"class":66},[52,59854,1703],{"class":117},[52,59856,144],{"class":66},[20,59858,59859],{},[30,59860,1509],{},[43,59862,59864],{"className":45,"code":59863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59865,59866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59867,59868,59870,59872,59875,59877,59879,59881,59884,59886,59888,59890,59893,59895,59897,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922,59925,59927,59929,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956,59958,59960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59869,3344],{"class":66},[52,59871,608],{"class":70},[52,59873,59874],{"class":74},"h",[52,59876,608],{"class":70},[52,59878,80],{"class":66},[52,59880,617],{"class":70},[52,59882,59883],{"class":74},"e",[52,59885,608],{"class":70},[52,59887,80],{"class":66},[52,59889,617],{"class":70},[52,59891,59892],{"class":74},"l",[52,59894,608],{"class":70},[52,59896,80],{"class":66},[52,59898,617],{"class":70},[52,59900,59892],{"class":74},[52,59902,608],{"class":70},[52,59904,80],{"class":66},[52,59906,617],{"class":70},[52,59908,59909],{"class":74},"o",[52,59911,608],{"class":70},[52,59913,80],{"class":66},[52,59915,617],{"class":70},[52,59917,617],{"class":70},[52,59919,80],{"class":66},[52,59921,617],{"class":70},[52,59923,59924],{"class":74},"w",[52,59926,608],{"class":70},[52,59928,80],{"class":66},[52,59930,617],{"class":70},[52,59932,59909],{"class":74},[52,59934,608],{"class":70},[52,59936,80],{"class":66},[52,59938,617],{"class":70},[52,59940,59941],{"class":74},"r",[52,59943,608],{"class":70},[52,59945,80],{"class":66},[52,59947,617],{"class":70},[52,59949,59892],{"class":74},[52,59951,608],{"class":70},[52,59953,80],{"class":66},[52,59955,617],{"class":70},[52,59957,18207],{"class":74},[52,59959,608],{"class":70},[52,59961,3076],{"class":66},[20,59963,59964,59965,59968],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59966,59967],{},"split()"," instead:",[43,59970,59972],{"className":45,"code":59971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59973,59974,59992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59975,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59977,3515],{"class":58},[52,59979,63],{"class":62},[52,59981,83],{"class":70},[52,59983,59842],{"class":74},[52,59985,71],{"class":70},[52,59987,114],{"class":66},[52,59989,33901],{"class":117},[52,59991,121],{"class":66},[52,59993,59994,59996,59998,60000],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,59995,135],{"class":134},[52,59997,138],{"class":66},[52,59999,3556],{"class":117},[52,60001,144],{"class":66},[20,60003,60004],{},[30,60005,1509],{},[43,60007,60009],{"className":45,"code":60008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60010,60011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60012,60013,60015,60017,60019,60021,60023,60025,60028,60030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60014,3344],{"class":66},[52,60016,608],{"class":70},[52,60018,3288],{"class":74},[52,60020,608],{"class":70},[52,60022,80],{"class":66},[52,60024,617],{"class":70},[52,60026,60027],{"class":74},"world",[52,60029,608],{"class":70},[52,60031,3076],{"class":66},[699,60033,60035],{"id":60034},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60037,60038],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[43,60040,60042],{"className":45,"code":60041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60043,60044,60048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60045,60046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60047,3978],{"class":3105},[52,60049,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60069,60071,60073,60075],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60051,4438],{"class":58},[52,60053,63],{"class":62},[52,60055,3063],{"class":66},[52,60057,71],{"class":70},[52,60059,12323],{"class":74},[52,60061,71],{"class":70},[52,60063,80],{"class":66},[52,60065,83],{"class":70},[52,60067,60068],{"class":74},"Ben', ",[52,60070,71],{"class":70},[52,60072,35383],{"class":58},[52,60074,71],{"class":70},[52,60076,3076],{"class":74},[20,60078,60079],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[43,60081,60083],{"className":45,"code":60082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60084,60085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60088,4438],{"class":58},[52,60090,63],{"class":62},[52,60092,3063],{"class":66},[52,60094,71],{"class":70},[52,60096,12323],{"class":74},[52,60098,71],{"class":70},[52,60100,80],{"class":66},[52,60102,83],{"class":70},[52,60104,35374],{"class":74},[52,60106,71],{"class":70},[52,60108,80],{"class":66},[52,60110,83],{"class":70},[52,60112,35383],{"class":74},[52,60114,71],{"class":70},[52,60116,3076],{"class":66},[699,60118,60120],{"id":60119},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60122,60123],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[163,60125,60126,60129,60132,60137],{},[166,60127,60128],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[166,60130,60131],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[166,60133,60134,60135],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60136,24221],{},[166,60138,1174,60139,60142],{},[15,60140,60141],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[699,60144,60146],{"id":60145},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[43,60148,60150],{"className":45,"code":60149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60151,60152,60162,60176,60190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60153,60154,60156,60158,60160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60155,135],{"class":134},[52,60157,138],{"class":66},[52,60159,7786],{"class":117},[52,60161,144],{"class":66},[52,60163,60164,60166,60168,60170,60172,60174],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60165,135],{"class":134},[52,60167,138],{"class":66},[52,60169,1231],{"class":600},[52,60171,138],{"class":66},[52,60173,7786],{"class":117},[52,60175,1222],{"class":66},[52,60177,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60188],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,60179,135],{"class":134},[52,60181,138],{"class":66},[52,60183,1215],{"class":134},[52,60185,138],{"class":66},[52,60187,7786],{"class":117},[52,60189,1222],{"class":66},[52,60191,60192,60194,60196,60198,60200,60202,60204,60206],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60193,135],{"class":134},[52,60195,138],{"class":66},[52,60197,7540],{"class":600},[52,60199,138],{"class":66},[52,60201,59434],{"class":134},[52,60203,138],{"class":66},[52,60205,1131],{"class":947},[52,60207,2350],{"class":66},[20,60209,1255],{},[163,60211,60212,60215,60218,60221],{},[166,60213,60214],{},"what the list contains",[166,60216,60217],{},"whether the value is really a list",[166,60219,60220],{},"how many items it has",[166,60222,25459,60223,60225,60226],{},[15,60224,24221],{}," does with ",[15,60227,35632],{},[38,60229,60231],{"id":60230},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60233,60234],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60236,60237],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[163,60239,60240,60255,60260],{},[166,60241,799,60242,1627,60246,16512,60250,60254],{},[221,60243,60244],{"href":56204},[15,60245,52090],{},[221,60247,60248],{"href":52782},[15,60249,52884],{},[221,60251,60252],{"href":53346},[15,60253,53706],{}," to add items later",[166,60256,799,60257,60259],{},[221,60258,58831],{"href":50416}," for a broader introduction",[166,60261,799,60262,60266],{},[221,60263,60264,59494],{"href":59491},[15,60265,24221],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[38,60268,1273],{"id":1272},[699,60270,60272],{"id":60271},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60274,60275],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[43,60277,60278],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60279,60280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60281,60282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60283,37730],{"class":66},[699,60285,60287],{"id":60286},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60289,60290],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[43,60292,60293],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60294,60295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60296,60297,60299,60301,60303,60305,60307,60309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60298,3344],{"class":66},[52,60300,948],{"class":947},[52,60302,80],{"class":66},[52,60304,953],{"class":947},[52,60306,80],{"class":66},[52,60308,958],{"class":947},[52,60310,3076],{"class":66},[699,60312,4586,60314,60316],{"id":60313},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60315,24221],{}," do in Python?",[20,60318,60319,60320,60322],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60321,35632],{},", into a list.",[699,60324,60326],{"id":60325},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60328,60329],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[699,60331,4624,60333,803,60335,1293],{"id":60332},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60334,3229],{},[15,60336,6812],{},[20,60338,60339,60341,60342,60344],{},[15,60340,3229],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60343,6812],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[38,60346,1332],{"id":1331},[163,60348,60349,60353,60359,60365,60371,60377,60381],{},[166,60350,60351],{},[221,60352,58831],{"href":50416},[166,60354,60355],{},[221,60356,54956,60357,18],{"href":56204},[15,60358,52090],{},[166,60360,60361],{},[221,60362,54956,60363,18],{"href":52782},[15,60364,52884],{},[166,60366,60367],{},[221,60368,54956,60369,18],{"href":53346},[15,60370,53706],{},[166,60372,60373],{},[221,60374,3015,60375,3019],{"href":59491},[15,60376,24221],{},[166,60378,60379],{},[221,60380,58834],{"href":57929},[166,60382,60383],{},[221,60384,60385],{"href":11508},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60387,60388,60389,60391],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60390,52090],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1364,60393,60394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":60396},[60397,60398,60399,60400,60403,60404,60410,60411,60421,60422,60431],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":58726,"depth":103,"text":58727},{"id":58837,"depth":103,"text":58838,"children":60401},[60402],{"id":59039,"depth":124,"text":59040},{"id":59055,"depth":103,"text":59056},{"id":59252,"depth":103,"text":60405,"children":60406},"Create a list with list()",[60407,60408,60409],{"id":59277,"depth":124,"text":59278},{"id":59350,"depth":124,"text":59351},{"id":59415,"depth":124,"text":59416},{"id":59497,"depth":103,"text":59498},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":60412},[60413,60414,60416,60418,60419,60420],{"id":59634,"depth":124,"text":59635},{"id":59693,"depth":124,"text":60415},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59813,"depth":124,"text":60417},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60034,"depth":124,"text":60035},{"id":60119,"depth":124,"text":60120},{"id":60145,"depth":124,"text":60146},{"id":60230,"depth":103,"text":60231},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":60423},[60424,60425,60426,60428,60429],{"id":60271,"depth":124,"text":60272},{"id":60286,"depth":124,"text":60287},{"id":60313,"depth":124,"text":60427},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60325,"depth":124,"text":60326},{"id":60332,"depth":124,"text":60430},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58468,"description":60432},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60439,"title":60440,"body":60441,"description":62181,"extension":1401,"meta":62182,"navigation":127,"path":62183,"seo":62184,"stem":62185,"__hash__":62186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60442,"toc":62136},[60443,60448,60453,60456,60458,60529,60534,60539,60543,60557,60562,60564,60584,60589,60592,60615,60619,60624,60716,60718,60740,60746,60752,60759,60766,60772,60829,60835,60893,60895,60907,60915,60921,60926,60930,60987,60990,60994,61053,61056,61060,61118,61130,61134,61187,61190,61194,61200,61206,61268,61271,61332,61335,61391,61396,61398,61402,61409,61470,61475,61484,61540,61547,61551,61609,61618,61676,61680,61715,61719,61729,61731,61786,61800,61803,61918,61923,61927,61938,61940,62019,62029,62031,62036,62041,62048,62056,62062,62065,62071,62074,62080,62086,62088,62124,62133],[10,60444,53780,60446,18],{"id":60445},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60447,52884],{},[20,60449,60450,60452],{},[15,60451,52785],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60454,60455],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[38,60457,41],{"id":40},[43,60459,60461],{"className":45,"code":60460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60462,60463,60479,60496,60500,60515,60525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60464,60465,60467,60469,60471,60473,60475,60477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60466,940],{"class":58},[52,60468,63],{"class":62},[52,60470,3063],{"class":66},[52,60472,948],{"class":947},[52,60474,80],{"class":66},[52,60476,953],{"class":947},[52,60478,3076],{"class":66},[52,60480,60481,60484,60486,60488,60490,60492,60494],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60482,60483],{"class":58},"more_numbers ",[52,60485,63],{"class":62},[52,60487,3063],{"class":66},[52,60489,1500],{"class":947},[52,60491,80],{"class":66},[52,60493,1896],{"class":947},[52,60495,3076],{"class":66},[52,60497,60498],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,60499,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,60501,60502,60504,60506,60508,60510,60513],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60503,1037],{"class":58},[52,60505,114],{"class":66},[52,60507,52914],{"class":117},[52,60509,138],{"class":66},[52,60511,60512],{"class":117},"more_numbers",[52,60514,144],{"class":66},[52,60516,60517,60519,60521,60523],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,60518,135],{"class":134},[52,60520,138],{"class":66},[52,60522,1037],{"class":117},[52,60524,144],{"class":66},[52,60526,60527],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,60528,52161],{"class":3105},[20,60530,799,60531,60533],{},[15,60532,52884],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[38,60535,194,60537,197],{"id":60536},"what-listextend-does",[15,60538,52785],{},[20,60540,60541,202],{},[15,60542,52884],{},[163,60544,60545,60548,60550,60553],{},[166,60546,60547],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[166,60549,53866],{},[166,60551,60552],{},"Does not create a new list",[166,60554,10865,60555],{},[15,60556,3220],{},[20,60558,60559,60560,53239],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60561,52884],{},[38,60563,228],{"id":227},[43,60565,60567],{"className":45,"code":60566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60568,60569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60570,60571,60574,60576,60578,60580,60582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60572,60573],{"class":58},"list_name",[52,60575,114],{"class":66},[52,60577,52914],{"class":117},[52,60579,138],{"class":66},[52,60581,3162],{"class":117},[52,60583,144],{"class":66},[20,60585,4898,60586,60588],{},[30,60587,3162],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60590,60591],{},"Common iterables include:",[163,60593,60594,60598,60602,60606,60611],{},[166,60595,60596],{},[15,60597,7540],{},[166,60599,60600],{},[15,60601,48389],{},[166,60603,60604],{},[15,60605,601],{},[166,60607,60608],{},[15,60609,60610],{},"string",[166,60612,60613],{},[15,60614,59434],{},[38,60616,60618],{"id":60617},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60620,60621,60622,202],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60623,52884],{},[43,60625,60627],{"className":45,"code":60626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60628,60629,60653,60678,60682,60697,60701,60711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60630,60631,60633,60635,60637,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649,60651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60632,393],{"class":58},[52,60634,63],{"class":62},[52,60636,3063],{"class":66},[52,60638,71],{"class":70},[52,60640,75],{"class":74},[52,60642,71],{"class":70},[52,60644,80],{"class":66},[52,60646,83],{"class":70},[52,60648,86],{"class":74},[52,60650,71],{"class":70},[52,60652,3076],{"class":66},[52,60654,60655,60658,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672,60674,60676],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60656,60657],{"class":58},"more_fruits ",[52,60659,63],{"class":62},[52,60661,3063],{"class":66},[52,60663,71],{"class":70},[52,60665,32652],{"class":74},[52,60667,71],{"class":70},[52,60669,80],{"class":66},[52,60671,83],{"class":70},[52,60673,21973],{"class":74},[52,60675,71],{"class":70},[52,60677,3076],{"class":66},[52,60679,60680],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,60681,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,60683,60684,60686,60688,60690,60692,60695],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60685,426],{"class":58},[52,60687,114],{"class":66},[52,60689,52914],{"class":117},[52,60691,138],{"class":66},[52,60693,60694],{"class":117},"more_fruits",[52,60696,144],{"class":66},[52,60698,60699],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,60700,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,60702,60703,60705,60707,60709],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,60704,135],{"class":134},[52,60706,138],{"class":66},[52,60708,426],{"class":117},[52,60710,144],{"class":66},[52,60712,60713],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,60714,60715],{"class":3105},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60717,11126],{},[163,60719,60720,60725,60730],{},[166,60721,60722,60724],{},[15,60723,426],{}," starts with two items",[166,60726,60727,60729],{},[15,60728,60694],{}," has two more items",[166,60731,60732,60734,60735,60737,60738],{},[15,60733,52884],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60736,60694],{}," to ",[15,60739,426],{},[20,60741,60742,60743,60745],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60744,426],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60747,54005,60748,803,60750,114],{},[221,60749,52209],{"href":50416},[221,60751,56590],{"href":56589},[38,60753,60755,897,60757],{"id":60754},"extend-vs-append",[15,60756,52884],{},[15,60758,52090],{},[20,60760,60761,803,60763,60765],{},[15,60762,52884],{},[15,60764,52090],{}," are often confused.",[699,60767,60769,60771],{"id":60768},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60770,52884],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[43,60773,60775],{"className":45,"code":60774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60776,60777,60793,60811,60815,60825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60778,60779,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60780,940],{"class":58},[52,60782,63],{"class":62},[52,60784,3063],{"class":66},[52,60786,948],{"class":947},[52,60788,80],{"class":66},[52,60790,953],{"class":947},[52,60792,3076],{"class":66},[52,60794,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60796,1037],{"class":58},[52,60798,114],{"class":66},[52,60800,52914],{"class":117},[52,60802,2424],{"class":66},[52,60804,1500],{"class":947},[52,60806,80],{"class":66},[52,60808,1896],{"class":947},[52,60810,3332],{"class":66},[52,60812,60813],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,60814,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,60816,60817,60819,60821,60823],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60818,135],{"class":134},[52,60820,138],{"class":66},[52,60822,1037],{"class":117},[52,60824,144],{"class":66},[52,60826,60827],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,60828,52161],{"class":3105},[699,60830,60832,60834],{"id":60831},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60833,52090],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[43,60836,60838],{"className":45,"code":60837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60839,60840,60856,60874,60878,60888],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60841,60842,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60843,940],{"class":58},[52,60845,63],{"class":62},[52,60847,3063],{"class":66},[52,60849,948],{"class":947},[52,60851,80],{"class":66},[52,60853,953],{"class":947},[52,60855,3076],{"class":66},[52,60857,60858,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60859,1037],{"class":58},[52,60861,114],{"class":66},[52,60863,12992],{"class":117},[52,60865,2424],{"class":66},[52,60867,1500],{"class":947},[52,60869,80],{"class":66},[52,60871,1896],{"class":947},[52,60873,3332],{"class":66},[52,60875,60876],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,60877,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,60879,60880,60882,60884,60886],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60881,135],{"class":134},[52,60883,138],{"class":66},[52,60885,1037],{"class":117},[52,60887,144],{"class":66},[52,60889,60890],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,60891,60892],{"class":3105},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60894,18134],{},[163,60896,60897,60902],{},[166,60898,60899,60901],{},[15,60900,52884],{}," to combine values",[166,60903,60904,60906],{},[15,60905,52090],{}," to add one item",[20,60908,41527,60909,803,60913,114],{},[221,60910,54956,60911,1070],{"href":56204},[15,60912,52090],{},[221,60914,52487],{"href":52486},[38,60916,1185,60918,60920],{"id":60917},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60919,52884],{}," with different iterables",[20,60922,60923,60925],{},[15,60924,52884],{}," works with more than just lists.",[699,60927,60929],{"id":60928},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[43,60931,60933],{"className":45,"code":60932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60934,60935,60951,60969,60973,60983],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60936,60937,60939,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60938,3265],{"class":58},[52,60940,63],{"class":62},[52,60942,3063],{"class":66},[52,60944,948],{"class":947},[52,60946,80],{"class":66},[52,60948,953],{"class":947},[52,60950,3076],{"class":66},[52,60952,60953,60955,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,60954,4804],{"class":58},[52,60956,114],{"class":66},[52,60958,52914],{"class":117},[52,60960,4957],{"class":66},[52,60962,1500],{"class":947},[52,60964,80],{"class":66},[52,60966,1896],{"class":947},[52,60968,1222],{"class":66},[52,60970,60971],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,60972,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,60974,60975,60977,60979,60981],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,60976,135],{"class":134},[52,60978,138],{"class":66},[52,60980,4804],{"class":117},[52,60982,144],{"class":66},[52,60984,60985],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,60986,52161],{"class":3105},[20,60988,60989],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[699,60991,60993],{"id":60992},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[43,60995,60997],{"className":45,"code":60996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60998,60999,61015,61034,61038,61048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61000,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009,61011,61013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61002,35524],{"class":58},[52,61004,63],{"class":62},[52,61006,3063],{"class":66},[52,61008,71],{"class":70},[52,61010,221],{"class":74},[52,61012,71],{"class":70},[52,61014,3076],{"class":66},[52,61016,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027,61030,61032],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61018,35577],{"class":58},[52,61020,114],{"class":66},[52,61022,52914],{"class":117},[52,61024,138],{"class":66},[52,61026,71],{"class":70},[52,61028,61029],{"class":74},"bc",[52,61031,71],{"class":70},[52,61033,144],{"class":66},[52,61035,61036],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61037,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61039,61040,61042,61044,61046],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61041,135],{"class":134},[52,61043,138],{"class":66},[52,61045,35577],{"class":117},[52,61047,144],{"class":66},[52,61049,61050],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61051,61052],{"class":3105},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61054,61055],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[699,61057,61059],{"id":61058},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[43,61061,61063],{"className":45,"code":61062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61064,61065,61077,61099,61103,61113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61066,61067,61069,61071,61073,61075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61068,940],{"class":58},[52,61070,63],{"class":62},[52,61072,3063],{"class":66},[52,61074,1558],{"class":947},[52,61076,3076],{"class":66},[52,61078,61079,61081,61083,61085,61087,61089,61091,61093,61095,61097],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61080,1037],{"class":58},[52,61082,114],{"class":66},[52,61084,52914],{"class":117},[52,61086,138],{"class":66},[52,61088,59434],{"class":134},[52,61090,138],{"class":66},[52,61092,948],{"class":947},[52,61094,80],{"class":66},[52,61096,1896],{"class":947},[52,61098,1222],{"class":66},[52,61100,61101],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61102,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61104,61105,61107,61109,61111],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61106,135],{"class":134},[52,61108,138],{"class":66},[52,61110,1037],{"class":117},[52,61112,144],{"class":66},[52,61114,61115],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61116,61117],{"class":3105},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61119,61120,61123,61124,1627,61126,16512,61128,114],{},[15,61121,61122],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61125,948],{},[15,61127,1047],{},[15,61129,1500],{},[699,61131,61133],{"id":61132},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[43,61135,61137],{"className":45,"code":61136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61138,61139,61155,61173,61177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61140,61141,61143,61145,61147,61149,61151,61153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61142,59],{"class":58},[52,61144,63],{"class":62},[52,61146,3063],{"class":66},[52,61148,948],{"class":947},[52,61150,80],{"class":66},[52,61152,953],{"class":947},[52,61154,3076],{"class":66},[52,61156,61157,61159,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61158,154],{"class":58},[52,61160,114],{"class":66},[52,61162,52914],{"class":117},[52,61164,4976],{"class":66},[52,61166,1500],{"class":947},[52,61168,80],{"class":66},[52,61170,1896],{"class":947},[52,61172,29926],{"class":66},[52,61174,61175],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61176,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61178,61179,61181,61183,61185],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61180,135],{"class":134},[52,61182,138],{"class":66},[52,61184,154],{"class":117},[52,61186,144],{"class":66},[20,61188,61189],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[38,61191,61193],{"id":61192},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61195,61196,1837,61198,114],{},[15,61197,52884],{},[15,61199,3220],{},[20,61201,61202,61203,202],{},"That means this is ",[30,61204,61205],{},"wrong",[43,61207,61209],{"className":45,"code":61208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61210,61211,61227,61249,61253,61263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61212,61213,61215,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61214,940],{"class":58},[52,61216,63],{"class":62},[52,61218,3063],{"class":66},[52,61220,948],{"class":947},[52,61222,80],{"class":66},[52,61224,953],{"class":947},[52,61226,3076],{"class":66},[52,61228,61229,61231,61233,61235,61237,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61230,1668],{"class":58},[52,61232,63],{"class":62},[52,61234,970],{"class":58},[52,61236,114],{"class":66},[52,61238,52914],{"class":117},[52,61240,2424],{"class":66},[52,61242,1500],{"class":947},[52,61244,80],{"class":66},[52,61246,1896],{"class":947},[52,61248,3332],{"class":66},[52,61250,61251],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61252,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61254,61255,61257,61259,61261],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61256,135],{"class":134},[52,61258,138],{"class":66},[52,61260,1703],{"class":117},[52,61262,144],{"class":66},[52,61264,61265],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61266,61267],{"class":3105},"# None\n",[20,61269,61270],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[43,61272,61274],{"className":45,"code":61273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61275,61276,61292,61314,61318,61328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61277,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61279,940],{"class":58},[52,61281,63],{"class":62},[52,61283,3063],{"class":66},[52,61285,948],{"class":947},[52,61287,80],{"class":66},[52,61289,953],{"class":947},[52,61291,3076],{"class":66},[52,61293,61294,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61295,940],{"class":58},[52,61297,63],{"class":62},[52,61299,970],{"class":58},[52,61301,114],{"class":66},[52,61303,52914],{"class":117},[52,61305,2424],{"class":66},[52,61307,1500],{"class":947},[52,61309,80],{"class":66},[52,61311,1896],{"class":947},[52,61313,3332],{"class":66},[52,61315,61316],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61317,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61319,61320,61322,61324,61326],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61321,135],{"class":134},[52,61323,138],{"class":66},[52,61325,1037],{"class":117},[52,61327,144],{"class":66},[52,61329,61330],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61331,61267],{"class":3105},[20,61333,61334],{},"The correct way is:",[43,61336,61337],{"className":45,"code":60774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,61338,61339,61355,61373,61377,61387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61340,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349,61351,61353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61342,940],{"class":58},[52,61344,63],{"class":62},[52,61346,3063],{"class":66},[52,61348,948],{"class":947},[52,61350,80],{"class":66},[52,61352,953],{"class":947},[52,61354,3076],{"class":66},[52,61356,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61358,1037],{"class":58},[52,61360,114],{"class":66},[52,61362,52914],{"class":117},[52,61364,2424],{"class":66},[52,61366,1500],{"class":947},[52,61368,80],{"class":66},[52,61370,1896],{"class":947},[52,61372,3332],{"class":66},[52,61374,61375],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61376,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61378,61379,61381,61383,61385],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61380,135],{"class":134},[52,61382,138],{"class":66},[52,61384,1037],{"class":117},[52,61386,144],{"class":66},[52,61388,61389],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61390,52161],{"class":3105},[20,61392,55344,61393,61395],{},[15,61394,52884],{}," first, then use the original list.",[38,61397,3961],{"id":3960},[20,61399,14173,61400,114],{},[15,61401,52884],{},[699,61403,61405,61406,61408],{"id":61404},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61407,52884],{}," to return a new list",[43,61410,61412],{"className":45,"code":61411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61413,61414,61430,61452,61456,61466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61415,61416,61418,61420,61422,61424,61426,61428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61417,940],{"class":58},[52,61419,63],{"class":62},[52,61421,3063],{"class":66},[52,61423,948],{"class":947},[52,61425,80],{"class":66},[52,61427,953],{"class":947},[52,61429,3076],{"class":66},[52,61431,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61433,55077],{"class":58},[52,61435,63],{"class":62},[52,61437,970],{"class":58},[52,61439,114],{"class":66},[52,61441,52914],{"class":117},[52,61443,2424],{"class":66},[52,61445,1500],{"class":947},[52,61447,80],{"class":66},[52,61449,1896],{"class":947},[52,61451,3332],{"class":66},[52,61453,61454],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61455,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61457,61458,61460,61462,61464],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61459,135],{"class":134},[52,61461,138],{"class":66},[52,61463,55096],{"class":117},[52,61465,144],{"class":66},[52,61467,61468],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61469,61267],{"class":3105},[20,61471,61472,61473,114],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61474,52884],{},[699,61476,61478,61479,1312,61481,61483],{"id":61477},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61480,52090],{},[15,61482,52884],{}," is needed",[43,61485,61486],{"className":45,"code":60837,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,61487,61488,61504,61522,61526,61536],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61489,61490,61492,61494,61496,61498,61500,61502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61491,940],{"class":58},[52,61493,63],{"class":62},[52,61495,3063],{"class":66},[52,61497,948],{"class":947},[52,61499,80],{"class":66},[52,61501,953],{"class":947},[52,61503,3076],{"class":66},[52,61505,61506,61508,61510,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61507,1037],{"class":58},[52,61509,114],{"class":66},[52,61511,12992],{"class":117},[52,61513,2424],{"class":66},[52,61515,1500],{"class":947},[52,61517,80],{"class":66},[52,61519,1896],{"class":947},[52,61521,3332],{"class":66},[52,61523,61524],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61525,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61527,61528,61530,61532,61534],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61529,135],{"class":134},[52,61531,138],{"class":66},[52,61533,1037],{"class":117},[52,61535,144],{"class":66},[52,61537,61538],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61539,60892],{"class":3105},[20,61541,61542,61543,53329,61545,6077],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61544,53328],{},[15,61546,52884],{},[699,61548,61550],{"id":61549},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[43,61552,61554],{"className":45,"code":61553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61555,61556,61572,61590,61594,61604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61557,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566,61568,61570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61559,3515],{"class":58},[52,61561,63],{"class":62},[52,61563,3063],{"class":66},[52,61565,71],{"class":70},[52,61567,3288],{"class":74},[52,61569,71],{"class":70},[52,61571,3076],{"class":66},[52,61573,61574,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61575,3556],{"class":58},[52,61577,114],{"class":66},[52,61579,52914],{"class":117},[52,61581,138],{"class":66},[52,61583,71],{"class":70},[52,61585,60027],{"class":74},[52,61587,71],{"class":70},[52,61589,144],{"class":66},[52,61591,61592],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61593,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61595,61596,61598,61600,61602],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61597,135],{"class":134},[52,61599,138],{"class":66},[52,61601,3556],{"class":117},[52,61603,144],{"class":66},[52,61605,61606],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61607,61608],{"class":3105},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61610,61611,61612,61615,61616,202],{},"If you want ",[15,61613,61614],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61617,52090],{},[43,61619,61621],{"className":45,"code":61620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61622,61623,61639,61657,61661,61671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61624,61625,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61626,3515],{"class":58},[52,61628,63],{"class":62},[52,61630,3063],{"class":66},[52,61632,71],{"class":70},[52,61634,3288],{"class":74},[52,61636,71],{"class":70},[52,61638,3076],{"class":66},[52,61640,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61642,3556],{"class":58},[52,61644,114],{"class":66},[52,61646,12992],{"class":117},[52,61648,138],{"class":66},[52,61650,71],{"class":70},[52,61652,60027],{"class":74},[52,61654,71],{"class":70},[52,61656,144],{"class":66},[52,61658,61659],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61660,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61662,61663,61665,61667,61669],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61664,135],{"class":134},[52,61666,138],{"class":66},[52,61668,3556],{"class":117},[52,61670,144],{"class":66},[52,61672,61673],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61674,61675],{"class":3105},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[699,61677,61679],{"id":61678},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[43,61681,61683],{"className":45,"code":61682,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61684,61685,61701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61686,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697,61699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61688,940],{"class":58},[52,61690,63],{"class":62},[52,61692,3063],{"class":66},[52,61694,948],{"class":947},[52,61696,80],{"class":66},[52,61698,953],{"class":947},[52,61700,3076],{"class":66},[52,61702,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61704,1037],{"class":58},[52,61706,114],{"class":66},[52,61708,52914],{"class":117},[52,61710,138],{"class":66},[52,61712,1131],{"class":947},[52,61714,144],{"class":66},[20,61716,443,61717,5997],{},[15,61718,1131],{},[20,61720,61721,61722,61724,61725,61728],{},"You will get a ",[15,61723,2443],{},". See ",[221,61726,61727],{"href":52037},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61730,1191],{},[43,61732,61734],{"className":45,"code":61733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61735,61736,61746,61760,61772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61737,61738,61740,61742,61744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61739,135],{"class":134},[52,61741,138],{"class":66},[52,61743,7786],{"class":117},[52,61745,144],{"class":66},[52,61747,61748,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61749,135],{"class":134},[52,61751,138],{"class":66},[52,61753,1231],{"class":600},[52,61755,138],{"class":66},[52,61757,4804],{"class":117},[52,61759,1222],{"class":66},[52,61761,61762,61764,61766,61768,61770],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61763,135],{"class":134},[52,61765,138],{"class":66},[52,61767,1703],{"class":117},[52,61769,3102],{"class":66},[52,61771,144],{"class":58},[52,61773,61774,61776,61778,61780,61782,61784],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61775,31583],{"class":134},[52,61777,138],{"class":66},[52,61779,7540],{"class":600},[52,61781,114],{"class":66},[52,61783,52914],{"class":24190},[52,61785,144],{"class":66},[43015,61787,61788],{},[20,61789,61790,61791,61794,61795,61797,61798,114],{},"Note: ",[15,61792,61793],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61796,3102],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61799,32458],{},[20,61801,61802],{},"Correct debugging example:",[43,61804,61806],{"className":45,"code":61805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61807,61808,61824,61840,61844,61858,61862,61870,61880,61894,61904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61809,61810,61812,61814,61816,61818,61820,61822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61811,7755],{"class":58},[52,61813,63],{"class":62},[52,61815,3063],{"class":66},[52,61817,948],{"class":947},[52,61819,80],{"class":66},[52,61821,953],{"class":947},[52,61823,3076],{"class":66},[52,61825,61826,61828,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61827,3265],{"class":58},[52,61829,63],{"class":62},[52,61831,3063],{"class":66},[52,61833,1500],{"class":947},[52,61835,80],{"class":66},[52,61837,1896],{"class":947},[52,61839,3076],{"class":66},[52,61841,61842],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61843,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61845,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854,61856],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61847,7786],{"class":58},[52,61849,114],{"class":66},[52,61851,52914],{"class":117},[52,61853,138],{"class":66},[52,61855,4804],{"class":117},[52,61857,144],{"class":66},[52,61859,61860],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,61861,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61863,61864,61866,61868],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,61865,1668],{"class":58},[52,61867,63],{"class":62},[52,61869,47963],{"class":3295},[52,61871,61872,61874,61876,61878],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,61873,135],{"class":134},[52,61875,138],{"class":66},[52,61877,7786],{"class":117},[52,61879,144],{"class":66},[52,61881,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,61883,135],{"class":134},[52,61885,138],{"class":66},[52,61887,1231],{"class":600},[52,61889,138],{"class":66},[52,61891,4804],{"class":117},[52,61893,1222],{"class":66},[52,61895,61896,61898,61900,61902],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,61897,135],{"class":134},[52,61899,138],{"class":66},[52,61901,1703],{"class":117},[52,61903,144],{"class":66},[52,61905,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,61907,31583],{"class":134},[52,61909,138],{"class":66},[52,61911,7540],{"class":600},[52,61913,114],{"class":66},[52,61915,52914],{"class":24190},[52,61917,144],{"class":66},[38,61919,894,61921],{"id":61920},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61922,52884],{},[20,61924,799,61925,5764],{},[15,61926,52884],{},[163,61928,61929,61932,61935],{},[166,61930,61931],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[166,61933,61934],{},"Add multiple values at once",[166,61936,61937],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61939,4918],{},[43,61941,61943],{"className":45,"code":61942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61944,61945,61962,61980,61984,62000,62004,62014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61946,61947,61950,61952,61954,61956,61958,61960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61948,61949],{"class":58},"all_scores ",[52,61951,63],{"class":62},[52,61953,3063],{"class":66},[52,61955,12941],{"class":947},[52,61957,80],{"class":66},[52,61959,12946],{"class":947},[52,61961,3076],{"class":66},[52,61963,61964,61967,61969,61971,61973,61975,61978],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,61965,61966],{"class":58},"new_scores ",[52,61968,63],{"class":62},[52,61970,3063],{"class":66},[52,61972,50942],{"class":947},[52,61974,80],{"class":66},[52,61976,61977],{"class":947}," 92",[52,61979,3076],{"class":66},[52,61981,61982],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,61983,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,61985,61986,61989,61991,61993,61995,61998],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,61987,61988],{"class":58},"all_scores",[52,61990,114],{"class":66},[52,61992,52914],{"class":117},[52,61994,138],{"class":66},[52,61996,61997],{"class":117},"new_scores",[52,61999,144],{"class":66},[52,62001,62002],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,62003,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,62007,135],{"class":134},[52,62009,138],{"class":66},[52,62011,61988],{"class":117},[52,62013,144],{"class":66},[52,62015,62016],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,62017,62018],{"class":3105},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62020,62021,62022,62024,62025,114],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62023,52090],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[221,62026,54956,62027,1070],{"href":53346},[15,62028,53706],{},[38,62030,1273],{"id":1272},[699,62032,1277,62034,54906],{"id":62033},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62035,52785],{},[20,62037,62038,62039,114],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62040,3220],{},[699,62042,4624,62044,803,62046,1293],{"id":62043},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62045,52884],{},[15,62047,52090],{},[20,62049,62050,62052,62053,62055],{},[15,62051,52884],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62054,52090],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[699,62057,27767,62059,62061],{"id":62058},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62060,52884],{}," with a string?",[20,62063,62064],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[699,62066,27767,62068,62070],{"id":62067},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62069,52884],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62072,62073],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[699,62075,62077,62078,1293],{"id":62076},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62079,52884],{},[20,62081,62082,62083,62085],{},"You get a ",[15,62084,2443],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[38,62087,1332],{"id":1331},[163,62089,62090,62096,62100,62104,62108,62114,62118],{},[166,62091,62092],{},[221,62093,54956,62094,1070],{"href":56204},[15,62095,52090],{},[166,62097,62098],{},[221,62099,53716],{"href":52486},[166,62101,62102],{},[221,62103,56664],{"href":56589},[166,62105,62106],{},[221,62107,52209],{"href":50416},[166,62109,62110],{},[221,62111,54956,62112,1070],{"href":53346},[15,62113,53706],{},[166,62115,62116],{},[221,62117,61727],{"href":52037},[166,62119,62120],{},[221,62121,54956,62122,1070],{"href":54398},[15,62123,12219],{},[20,62125,62126,62127,62129,62130,62132],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62128,52090],{},", when to use ",[15,62131,53706],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1364,62134,62135],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":62137},[62138,62139,62141,62142,62143,62150,62157,62158,62166,62168,62180],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":60536,"depth":103,"text":62140},"What list.extend() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":60617,"depth":103,"text":60618},{"id":60754,"depth":103,"text":62144,"children":62145},"extend() vs append()",[62146,62148],{"id":60768,"depth":124,"text":62147},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60831,"depth":124,"text":62149},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60917,"depth":103,"text":62151,"children":62152},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62153,62154,62155,62156],{"id":60928,"depth":124,"text":60929},{"id":60992,"depth":124,"text":60993},{"id":61058,"depth":124,"text":61059},{"id":61132,"depth":124,"text":61133},{"id":61192,"depth":103,"text":61193},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":62159},[62160,62162,62164,62165],{"id":61404,"depth":124,"text":62161},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61477,"depth":124,"text":62163},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61549,"depth":124,"text":61550},{"id":61678,"depth":124,"text":61679},{"id":61920,"depth":103,"text":62167},"When to use extend()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":62169},[62170,62172,62174,62176,62178],{"id":62033,"depth":124,"text":62171},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62043,"depth":124,"text":62173},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62058,"depth":124,"text":62175},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62067,"depth":124,"text":62177},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62076,"depth":124,"text":62179},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60440,"description":62181},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62188,"title":62189,"body":62190,"description":64281,"extension":1401,"meta":64282,"navigation":127,"path":64283,"seo":64284,"stem":64285,"__hash__":64286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62191,"toc":64244},[62192,62195,62200,62206,62217,62223,62225,62294,62296,62345,62353,62357,62362,62365,62376,62381,62383,62385,62406,62419,62422,62435,62437,62442,62467,62469,62477,62480,62549,62551,62575,62581,62585,62589,62625,62627,62647,62654,62658,62691,62693,62727,62732,62736,62769,62771,62799,62807,62811,62848,62850,62871,62874,62878,62947,62949,62973,62979,62986,62990,62993,62995,63009,63012,63036,63038,63063,63066,63085,63087,63113,63122,63126,63133,63210,63212,63253,63259,63265,63356,63358,63414,63417,63422,63426,63431,63435,63494,63496,63521,63525,63588,63590,63615,63619,63682,63684,63727,63730,63734,63738,63760,63764,63846,63848,63883,63891,63893,63897,63901,63903,63930,63935,63937,63964,63971,63974,63997,63999,64048,64051,64054,64073,64077,64080,64131,64134,64140,64144,64149,64152,64154,64160,64169,64173,64179,64183,64186,64190,64193,64197,64203,64205,64241],[10,62193,62189],{"id":62194},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62196,8570,62197,62199],{},[15,62198,24221],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62201,62202,62203,62205],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62204,24221],{}," for two main reasons:",[163,62207,62208,62211],{},[166,62209,62210],{},"to make an empty list",[166,62212,62213,62214,62216],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62215,59434],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62218,62219,62220,62222],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62221,24221],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[38,62224,41],{"id":40},[43,62226,62228],{"className":45,"code":62227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62229,62230,62252,62270,62274,62284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62231,62232,62234,62236,62238,62240,62242,62244,62246,62248,62250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62233,940],{"class":58},[52,62235,63],{"class":62},[52,62237,22000],{"class":600},[52,62239,4957],{"class":66},[52,62241,948],{"class":947},[52,62243,80],{"class":66},[52,62245,953],{"class":947},[52,62247,80],{"class":66},[52,62249,958],{"class":947},[52,62251,1222],{"class":66},[52,62253,62254,62256,62258,62260,62262,62264,62266,62268],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62255,35524],{"class":58},[52,62257,63],{"class":62},[52,62259,22000],{"class":600},[52,62261,138],{"class":66},[52,62263,71],{"class":70},[52,62265,40994],{"class":74},[52,62267,71],{"class":70},[52,62269,144],{"class":66},[52,62271,62272],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,62273,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,62275,62276,62278,62280,62282],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62277,135],{"class":134},[52,62279,138],{"class":66},[52,62281,1037],{"class":117},[52,62283,144],{"class":66},[52,62285,62286,62288,62290,62292],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,62287,135],{"class":134},[52,62289,138],{"class":66},[52,62291,35577],{"class":117},[52,62293,144],{"class":66},[20,62295,1509],{},[43,62297,62299],{"className":45,"code":62298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62300,62301,62317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62302,62303,62305,62307,62309,62311,62313,62315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62304,3344],{"class":66},[52,62306,948],{"class":947},[52,62308,80],{"class":66},[52,62310,953],{"class":947},[52,62312,80],{"class":66},[52,62314,958],{"class":947},[52,62316,3076],{"class":66},[52,62318,62319,62321,62323,62325,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339,62341,62343],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62320,3344],{"class":66},[52,62322,608],{"class":70},[52,62324,221],{"class":74},[52,62326,608],{"class":70},[52,62328,80],{"class":66},[52,62330,617],{"class":70},[52,62332,4204],{"class":74},[52,62334,608],{"class":70},[52,62336,80],{"class":66},[52,62338,617],{"class":70},[52,62340,9187],{"class":74},[52,62342,608],{"class":70},[52,62344,3076],{"class":66},[20,62346,799,62347,62349,62350,62352],{},[15,62348,24221],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62351,59434],{},", set, or dictionary.",[38,62354,62356],{"id":62355},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62358,62359,62361],{},[15,62360,24221],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62363,62364],{},"It can:",[163,62366,62367,62370,62373],{},[166,62368,62369],{},"create a new list object",[166,62371,62372],{},"make an empty list",[166,62374,62375],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62377,62378,62379,114],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[221,62380,52209],{"href":50416},[38,62382,228],{"id":227},[20,62384,25926],{},[43,62386,62388],{"className":45,"code":62387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62389,62390,62396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62391,62392,62394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62393,7540],{"class":600},[52,62395,121],{"class":66},[52,62397,62398,62400,62402,62404],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62399,7540],{"class":600},[52,62401,138],{"class":66},[52,62403,3162],{"class":117},[52,62405,144],{"class":66},[163,62407,62408,62413],{},[166,62409,62410,62412],{},[15,62411,24221],{}," makes an empty list",[166,62414,62415,62418],{},[15,62416,62417],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62420,62421],{},"Common iterable values include:",[163,62423,62424,62426,62428,62430,62433],{},[166,62425,4754],{},[166,62427,4748],{},[166,62429,4751],{},[166,62431,62432],{},"ranges",[166,62434,6697],{},[38,62436,59056],{"id":59055},[20,62438,799,62439,62441],{},[15,62440,24221],{}," with no arguments:",[43,62443,62445],{"className":45,"code":62444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62446,62447,62457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62448,62449,62451,62453,62455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62450,59],{"class":58},[52,62452,63],{"class":62},[52,62454,22000],{"class":600},[52,62456,121],{"class":66},[52,62458,62459,62461,62463,62465],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62460,135],{"class":134},[52,62462,138],{"class":66},[52,62464,154],{"class":117},[52,62466,144],{"class":66},[20,62468,1509],{},[43,62470,62471],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62472,62473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62474,62475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62476,37730],{"class":66},[20,62478,62479],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[43,62481,62483],{"className":45,"code":62482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62484,62485,62495,62499,62517,62535,62539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62486,62487,62489,62491,62493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62488,59],{"class":58},[52,62490,63],{"class":62},[52,62492,22000],{"class":600},[52,62494,121],{"class":66},[52,62496,62497],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62498,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,62500,62501,62503,62505,62507,62509,62511,62513,62515],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,62502,154],{"class":58},[52,62504,114],{"class":66},[52,62506,12992],{"class":117},[52,62508,138],{"class":66},[52,62510,71],{"class":70},[52,62512,75],{"class":74},[52,62514,71],{"class":70},[52,62516,144],{"class":66},[52,62518,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62520,154],{"class":58},[52,62522,114],{"class":66},[52,62524,12992],{"class":117},[52,62526,138],{"class":66},[52,62528,71],{"class":70},[52,62530,86],{"class":74},[52,62532,71],{"class":70},[52,62534,144],{"class":66},[52,62536,62537],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,62538,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,62540,62541,62543,62545,62547],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,62542,135],{"class":134},[52,62544,138],{"class":66},[52,62546,154],{"class":117},[52,62548,144],{"class":66},[20,62550,1509],{},[43,62552,62553],{"className":45,"code":37856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62554,62555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62556,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569,62571,62573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62558,3344],{"class":66},[52,62560,608],{"class":70},[52,62562,75],{"class":74},[52,62564,608],{"class":70},[52,62566,80],{"class":66},[52,62568,617],{"class":70},[52,62570,86],{"class":74},[52,62572,608],{"class":70},[52,62574,3076],{"class":66},[20,62576,62577,62578,62580],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62579,3229],{},". Both are valid.",[38,62582,62584],{"id":62583},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[699,62586,62588],{"id":62587},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[43,62590,62591],{"className":45,"code":59354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62592,62593,62615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62594,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603,62605,62607,62609,62611,62613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62596,940],{"class":58},[52,62598,63],{"class":62},[52,62600,22000],{"class":600},[52,62602,4957],{"class":66},[52,62604,948],{"class":947},[52,62606,80],{"class":66},[52,62608,953],{"class":947},[52,62610,80],{"class":66},[52,62612,958],{"class":947},[52,62614,1222],{"class":66},[52,62616,62617,62619,62621,62623],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62618,135],{"class":134},[52,62620,138],{"class":66},[52,62622,1037],{"class":117},[52,62624,144],{"class":66},[20,62626,1509],{},[43,62628,62629],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62630,62631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62632,62633,62635,62637,62639,62641,62643,62645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62634,3344],{"class":66},[52,62636,948],{"class":947},[52,62638,80],{"class":66},[52,62640,953],{"class":947},[52,62642,80],{"class":66},[52,62644,958],{"class":947},[52,62646,3076],{"class":66},[20,62648,62649,62650,114],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[221,62651,62653],{"href":62652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[699,62655,62657],{"id":62656},"string-to-list","String to list",[43,62659,62661],{"className":45,"code":62660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62662,62663,62681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62664,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675,62677,62679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62666,35524],{"class":58},[52,62668,63],{"class":62},[52,62670,22000],{"class":600},[52,62672,138],{"class":66},[52,62674,71],{"class":70},[52,62676,488],{"class":74},[52,62678,71],{"class":70},[52,62680,144],{"class":66},[52,62682,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62684,135],{"class":134},[52,62686,138],{"class":66},[52,62688,35577],{"class":117},[52,62690,144],{"class":66},[20,62692,1509],{},[43,62694,62696],{"className":45,"code":62695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62697,62698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62699,62700,62702,62704,62706,62708,62710,62712,62714,62716,62718,62720,62723,62725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62701,3344],{"class":66},[52,62703,608],{"class":70},[52,62705,9187],{"class":74},[52,62707,608],{"class":70},[52,62709,80],{"class":66},[52,62711,617],{"class":70},[52,62713,221],{"class":74},[52,62715,608],{"class":70},[52,62717,80],{"class":66},[52,62719,617],{"class":70},[52,62721,62722],{"class":74},"t",[52,62724,608],{"class":70},[52,62726,3076],{"class":66},[20,62728,62729,62731],{},[15,62730,24221],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[699,62733,62735],{"id":62734},"range-to-list","Range to list",[43,62737,62739],{"className":45,"code":62738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62740,62741,62759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62742,62743,62745,62747,62749,62751,62753,62755,62757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62744,940],{"class":58},[52,62746,63],{"class":62},[52,62748,22000],{"class":600},[52,62750,138],{"class":66},[52,62752,59434],{"class":134},[52,62754,138],{"class":66},[52,62756,1131],{"class":947},[52,62758,1222],{"class":66},[52,62760,62761,62763,62765,62767],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62762,135],{"class":134},[52,62764,138],{"class":66},[52,62766,1037],{"class":117},[52,62768,144],{"class":66},[20,62770,1509],{},[43,62772,62773],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62774,62775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62776,62777,62779,62781,62783,62785,62787,62789,62791,62793,62795,62797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62778,3344],{"class":66},[52,62780,1558],{"class":947},[52,62782,80],{"class":66},[52,62784,4944],{"class":947},[52,62786,80],{"class":66},[52,62788,953],{"class":947},[52,62790,80],{"class":66},[52,62792,958],{"class":947},[52,62794,80],{"class":66},[52,62796,1896],{"class":947},[52,62798,3076],{"class":66},[20,62800,62801,62802,62806],{},"This is common when working with ",[221,62803,62804],{"href":35629},[15,62805,35632],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[699,62808,62810],{"id":62809},"set-to-list","Set to list",[43,62812,62814],{"className":45,"code":62813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62815,62816,62838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62817,62818,62820,62822,62824,62826,62828,62830,62832,62834,62836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62819,3265],{"class":58},[52,62821,63],{"class":62},[52,62823,22000],{"class":600},[52,62825,4976],{"class":66},[52,62827,1770],{"class":947},[52,62829,80],{"class":66},[52,62831,7237],{"class":947},[52,62833,80],{"class":66},[52,62835,7242],{"class":947},[52,62837,29926],{"class":66},[52,62839,62840,62842,62844,62846],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62841,135],{"class":134},[52,62843,138],{"class":66},[52,62845,4804],{"class":117},[52,62847,144],{"class":66},[20,62849,16398],{},[43,62851,62853],{"className":45,"code":62852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62854,62855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62856,62857,62859,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62858,3344],{"class":66},[52,62860,1770],{"class":947},[52,62862,80],{"class":66},[52,62864,7237],{"class":947},[52,62866,80],{"class":66},[52,62868,7242],{"class":947},[52,62870,3076],{"class":66},[20,62872,62873],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[699,62875,62877],{"id":62876},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[43,62879,62881],{"className":45,"code":62880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62882,62883,62919,62933,62937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62884,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62886,12643],{"class":58},[52,62888,63],{"class":62},[52,62890,67],{"class":66},[52,62892,71],{"class":70},[52,62894,7115],{"class":74},[52,62896,71],{"class":70},[52,62898,202],{"class":66},[52,62900,83],{"class":70},[52,62902,12323],{"class":74},[52,62904,71],{"class":70},[52,62906,80],{"class":66},[52,62908,83],{"class":70},[52,62910,8747],{"class":74},[52,62912,71],{"class":70},[52,62914,202],{"class":66},[52,62916,8754],{"class":947},[52,62918,100],{"class":66},[52,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,62922,1668],{"class":58},[52,62924,63],{"class":62},[52,62926,22000],{"class":600},[52,62928,138],{"class":66},[52,62930,16747],{"class":117},[52,62932,144],{"class":66},[52,62934,62935],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,62936,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,62938,62939,62941,62943,62945],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,62940,135],{"class":134},[52,62942,138],{"class":66},[52,62944,1703],{"class":117},[52,62946,144],{"class":66},[20,62948,1509],{},[43,62950,62951],{"className":45,"code":24921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62952,62953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62954,62955,62957,62959,62961,62963,62965,62967,62969,62971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62956,3344],{"class":66},[52,62958,608],{"class":70},[52,62960,7115],{"class":74},[52,62962,608],{"class":70},[52,62964,80],{"class":66},[52,62966,617],{"class":70},[52,62968,8747],{"class":74},[52,62970,608],{"class":70},[52,62972,3076],{"class":66},[20,62974,62975,62976,62978],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62977,24221],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62980,62981,62982,114],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[221,62983,62985],{"href":62984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[38,62987,62989],{"id":62988},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62991,62992],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62994,60591],{},[163,62996,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007],{},[166,62998,4745],{},[166,63000,4748],{},[166,63002,4754],{},[166,63004,4751],{},[166,63006,62432],{},[166,63008,6697],{},[20,63010,63011],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[43,63013,63015],{"className":45,"code":63014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63016,63017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63018,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029,63032,63034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63020,135],{"class":134},[52,63022,138],{"class":66},[52,63024,7540],{"class":600},[52,63026,138],{"class":66},[52,63028,71],{"class":70},[52,63030,63031],{"class":74},"hi",[52,63033,71],{"class":70},[52,63035,1222],{"class":66},[20,63037,1509],{},[43,63039,63041],{"className":45,"code":63040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63042,63043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63044,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63046,3344],{"class":66},[52,63048,608],{"class":70},[52,63050,59874],{"class":74},[52,63052,608],{"class":70},[52,63054,80],{"class":66},[52,63056,617],{"class":70},[52,63058,35588],{"class":74},[52,63060,608],{"class":70},[52,63062,3076],{"class":66},[20,63064,63065],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[43,63067,63069],{"className":45,"code":63068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63070,63071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63072,63073,63075,63077,63079,63081,63083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63074,135],{"class":134},[52,63076,138],{"class":66},[52,63078,7540],{"class":600},[52,63080,138],{"class":66},[52,63082,1131],{"class":947},[52,63084,1222],{"class":66},[20,63086,1509],{},[43,63088,63090],{"className":45,"code":63089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63091,63092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63093,63094,63096,63098,63100,63102,63104,63106,63108,63110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63095,2443],{"class":600},[52,63097,202],{"class":66},[52,63099,617],{"class":70},[52,63101,1626],{"class":74},[52,63103,608],{"class":70},[52,63105,24057],{"class":600},[52,63107,7543],{"class":62},[52,63109,7546],{"class":62},[52,63111,63112],{"class":58}," iterable\n",[20,63114,63115,63116,63118,63119,114],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[221,63117,4580],{"href":5033},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[221,63120,63121],{"href":52037},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[38,63123,63125],{"id":63124},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63127,63128,63129,63132],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63130,63131],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[43,63134,63136],{"className":45,"code":63135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63137,63138,63158,63172,63176,63186,63196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63139,63140,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63141,11529],{"class":58},[52,63143,63],{"class":62},[52,63145,3063],{"class":66},[52,63147,948],{"class":947},[52,63149,80],{"class":66},[52,63151,953],{"class":947},[52,63153,80],{"class":66},[52,63155,958],{"class":947},[52,63157,3076],{"class":66},[52,63159,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63161,13751],{"class":58},[52,63163,63],{"class":62},[52,63165,22000],{"class":600},[52,63167,138],{"class":66},[52,63169,11576],{"class":117},[52,63171,144],{"class":66},[52,63173,63174],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,63175,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,63177,63178,63180,63182,63184],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63179,135],{"class":134},[52,63181,138],{"class":66},[52,63183,11576],{"class":117},[52,63185,144],{"class":66},[52,63187,63188,63190,63192,63194],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,63189,135],{"class":134},[52,63191,138],{"class":66},[52,63193,13770],{"class":117},[52,63195,144],{"class":66},[52,63197,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,63199,135],{"class":134},[52,63201,138],{"class":66},[52,63203,11529],{"class":117},[52,63205,11637],{"class":731},[52,63207,13824],{"class":117},[52,63209,144],{"class":66},[20,63211,1509],{},[43,63213,63215],{"className":45,"code":63214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63216,63217,63233,63249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63218,63219,63221,63223,63225,63227,63229,63231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63220,3344],{"class":66},[52,63222,948],{"class":947},[52,63224,80],{"class":66},[52,63226,953],{"class":947},[52,63228,80],{"class":66},[52,63230,958],{"class":947},[52,63232,3076],{"class":66},[52,63234,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243,63245,63247],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63236,3344],{"class":66},[52,63238,948],{"class":947},[52,63240,80],{"class":66},[52,63242,953],{"class":947},[52,63244,80],{"class":66},[52,63246,958],{"class":947},[52,63248,3076],{"class":66},[52,63250,63251],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,63252,3485],{"class":3295},[20,63254,63255,63256,63258],{},"This means ",[15,63257,13770],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63260,63261,63262,63264],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63263,12293],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[43,63266,63268],{"className":45,"code":63267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63269,63270,63296,63310,63314,63332,63336,63346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63271,63272,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286,63288,63290,63292,63294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63273,11529],{"class":58},[52,63275,63],{"class":62},[52,63277,55729],{"class":66},[52,63279,948],{"class":947},[52,63281,80],{"class":66},[52,63283,953],{"class":947},[52,63285,17501],{"class":66},[52,63287,3063],{"class":66},[52,63289,1500],{"class":947},[52,63291,80],{"class":66},[52,63293,1896],{"class":947},[52,63295,52680],{"class":66},[52,63297,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63299,13751],{"class":58},[52,63301,63],{"class":62},[52,63303,22000],{"class":600},[52,63305,138],{"class":66},[52,63307,11576],{"class":117},[52,63309,144],{"class":66},[52,63311,63312],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,63313,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,63315,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63317,13770],{"class":58},[52,63319,3344],{"class":66},[52,63321,1558],{"class":947},[52,63323,12989],{"class":66},[52,63325,12992],{"class":117},[52,63327,138],{"class":66},[52,63329,55782],{"class":947},[52,63331,144],{"class":66},[52,63333,63334],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,63335,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,63337,63338,63340,63342,63344],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,63339,135],{"class":134},[52,63341,138],{"class":66},[52,63343,11576],{"class":117},[52,63345,144],{"class":66},[52,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,63349,135],{"class":134},[52,63351,138],{"class":66},[52,63353,13770],{"class":117},[52,63355,144],{"class":66},[20,63357,1509],{},[43,63359,63360],{"className":45,"code":55813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63361,63362,63388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63363,63364,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63365,55820],{"class":66},[52,63367,948],{"class":947},[52,63369,80],{"class":66},[52,63371,953],{"class":947},[52,63373,80],{"class":66},[52,63375,9645],{"class":947},[52,63377,17501],{"class":66},[52,63379,3063],{"class":66},[52,63381,1500],{"class":947},[52,63383,80],{"class":66},[52,63385,1896],{"class":947},[52,63387,52680],{"class":66},[52,63389,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404,63406,63408,63410,63412],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63391,55820],{"class":66},[52,63393,948],{"class":947},[52,63395,80],{"class":66},[52,63397,953],{"class":947},[52,63399,80],{"class":66},[52,63401,9645],{"class":947},[52,63403,17501],{"class":66},[52,63405,3063],{"class":66},[52,63407,1500],{"class":947},[52,63409,80],{"class":66},[52,63411,1896],{"class":947},[52,63413,52680],{"class":66},[20,63415,63416],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63418,63419,63420,114],{},"For more on this, see ",[221,63421,13230],{"href":13229},[38,63423,63425],{"id":63424},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63427,63428,63429,114],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63430,24221],{},[699,63432,63434],{"id":63433},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[43,63436,63438],{"className":45,"code":63437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63439,63440,63480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63441,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63443,12306],{"class":58},[52,63445,63],{"class":62},[52,63447,67],{"class":66},[52,63449,71],{"class":70},[52,63451,7115],{"class":74},[52,63453,71],{"class":70},[52,63455,202],{"class":66},[52,63457,83],{"class":70},[52,63459,7368],{"class":74},[52,63461,71],{"class":70},[52,63463,80],{"class":66},[52,63465,83],{"class":70},[52,63467,19330],{"class":74},[52,63469,71],{"class":70},[52,63471,202],{"class":66},[52,63473,83],{"class":70},[52,63475,21685],{"class":74},[52,63477,71],{"class":70},[52,63479,100],{"class":66},[52,63481,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63483,135],{"class":134},[52,63485,138],{"class":66},[52,63487,7540],{"class":600},[52,63489,138],{"class":66},[52,63491,13065],{"class":117},[52,63493,1222],{"class":66},[20,63495,1509],{},[43,63497,63499],{"className":45,"code":63498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63500,63501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63502,63503,63505,63507,63509,63511,63513,63515,63517,63519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63504,3344],{"class":66},[52,63506,608],{"class":70},[52,63508,7115],{"class":74},[52,63510,608],{"class":70},[52,63512,80],{"class":66},[52,63514,617],{"class":70},[52,63516,19330],{"class":74},[52,63518,608],{"class":70},[52,63520,3076],{"class":66},[699,63522,63524],{"id":63523},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[43,63526,63528],{"className":45,"code":63527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63529,63530,63570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63531,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63533,12306],{"class":58},[52,63535,63],{"class":62},[52,63537,67],{"class":66},[52,63539,71],{"class":70},[52,63541,7115],{"class":74},[52,63543,71],{"class":70},[52,63545,202],{"class":66},[52,63547,83],{"class":70},[52,63549,7368],{"class":74},[52,63551,71],{"class":70},[52,63553,80],{"class":66},[52,63555,83],{"class":70},[52,63557,19330],{"class":74},[52,63559,71],{"class":70},[52,63561,202],{"class":66},[52,63563,83],{"class":70},[52,63565,21685],{"class":74},[52,63567,71],{"class":70},[52,63569,100],{"class":66},[52,63571,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63573,135],{"class":134},[52,63575,138],{"class":66},[52,63577,7540],{"class":600},[52,63579,138],{"class":66},[52,63581,13065],{"class":117},[52,63583,114],{"class":66},[52,63585,4804],{"class":117},[52,63587,5736],{"class":66},[20,63589,1509],{},[43,63591,63593],{"className":45,"code":63592,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63594,63595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63596,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611,63613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63598,3344],{"class":66},[52,63600,608],{"class":70},[52,63602,7368],{"class":74},[52,63604,608],{"class":70},[52,63606,80],{"class":66},[52,63608,617],{"class":70},[52,63610,21685],{"class":74},[52,63612,608],{"class":70},[52,63614,3076],{"class":66},[699,63616,63618],{"id":63617},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[43,63620,63622],{"className":45,"code":63621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63623,63624,63664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63625,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63627,12306],{"class":58},[52,63629,63],{"class":62},[52,63631,67],{"class":66},[52,63633,71],{"class":70},[52,63635,7115],{"class":74},[52,63637,71],{"class":70},[52,63639,202],{"class":66},[52,63641,83],{"class":70},[52,63643,7368],{"class":74},[52,63645,71],{"class":70},[52,63647,80],{"class":66},[52,63649,83],{"class":70},[52,63651,19330],{"class":74},[52,63653,71],{"class":70},[52,63655,202],{"class":66},[52,63657,83],{"class":70},[52,63659,21685],{"class":74},[52,63661,71],{"class":70},[52,63663,100],{"class":66},[52,63665,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674,63676,63678,63680],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63667,135],{"class":134},[52,63669,138],{"class":66},[52,63671,7540],{"class":600},[52,63673,138],{"class":66},[52,63675,13065],{"class":117},[52,63677,114],{"class":66},[52,63679,154],{"class":117},[52,63681,5736],{"class":66},[20,63683,1509],{},[43,63685,63687],{"className":45,"code":63686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63688,63689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63690,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723,63725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63692,21180],{"class":66},[52,63694,608],{"class":70},[52,63696,7115],{"class":74},[52,63698,608],{"class":70},[52,63700,80],{"class":66},[52,63702,617],{"class":70},[52,63704,7368],{"class":74},[52,63706,608],{"class":70},[52,63708,8681],{"class":66},[52,63710,8684],{"class":66},[52,63712,608],{"class":70},[52,63714,19330],{"class":74},[52,63716,608],{"class":70},[52,63718,80],{"class":66},[52,63720,617],{"class":70},[52,63722,21685],{"class":74},[52,63724,608],{"class":70},[52,63726,8697],{"class":66},[20,63728,63729],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[38,63731,63733],{"id":63732},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63735,799,63736,916],{},[15,63737,24221],{},[163,63739,63740,63748,63757],{},[166,63741,63742,63743,456,63745],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63744,52090],{},[15,63746,63747],{},"sort()",[166,63749,63750,63751,456,63753,63756],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63752,35632],{},[15,63754,63755],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[166,63758,63759],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63761,45475,63762,202],{},[15,63763,63755],{},[43,63765,63767],{"className":45,"code":63766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63768,63769,63793,63809,63813,63836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63770,63771,63773,63775,63777,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63772,4438],{"class":58},[52,63774,63],{"class":62},[52,63776,3063],{"class":66},[52,63778,71],{"class":70},[52,63780,12323],{"class":74},[52,63782,71],{"class":70},[52,63784,80],{"class":66},[52,63786,83],{"class":70},[52,63788,35374],{"class":74},[52,63790,71],{"class":70},[52,63792,3076],{"class":66},[52,63794,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63796,4507],{"class":58},[52,63798,63],{"class":62},[52,63800,3063],{"class":66},[52,63802,12941],{"class":947},[52,63804,80],{"class":66},[52,63806,12946],{"class":947},[52,63808,3076],{"class":66},[52,63810,63811],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,63812,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,63814,63815,63817,63819,63821,63823,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,63816,8663],{"class":58},[52,63818,63],{"class":62},[52,63820,22000],{"class":600},[52,63822,138],{"class":66},[52,63824,63825],{"class":134},"zip",[52,63827,138],{"class":66},[52,63829,4482],{"class":117},[52,63831,80],{"class":66},[52,63833,4554],{"class":117},[52,63835,1222],{"class":66},[52,63837,63838,63840,63842,63844],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,63839,135],{"class":134},[52,63841,138],{"class":66},[52,63843,8710],{"class":117},[52,63845,144],{"class":66},[20,63847,1509],{},[43,63849,63851],{"className":45,"code":63850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63852,63853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63854,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63856,21180],{"class":66},[52,63858,608],{"class":70},[52,63860,12323],{"class":74},[52,63862,608],{"class":70},[52,63864,80],{"class":66},[52,63866,19337],{"class":947},[52,63868,8681],{"class":66},[52,63870,8684],{"class":66},[52,63872,608],{"class":70},[52,63874,35374],{"class":74},[52,63876,608],{"class":70},[52,63878,80],{"class":66},[52,63880,12946],{"class":947},[52,63882,8697],{"class":66},[20,63884,63885,63886,63888,63889,114],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63887,52090],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[221,63890,52487],{"href":52486},[38,63892,3961],{"id":3960},[20,63894,56211,63895,114],{},[15,63896,24221],{},[699,63898,63900],{"id":63899},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63902,3968],{},[43,63904,63906],{"className":45,"code":63905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63907,63908,63912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63909,63910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63911,3978],{"class":3105},[52,63913,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,63915,7540],{"class":600},[52,63917,138],{"class":66},[52,63919,948],{"class":947},[52,63921,80],{"class":66},[52,63923,953],{"class":947},[52,63925,80],{"class":66},[52,63927,958],{"class":947},[52,63929,144],{"class":66},[20,63931,63932,63934],{},[15,63933,24221],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63936,18134],{},[43,63938,63940],{"className":45,"code":63939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63941,63942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63943,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63945,135],{"class":134},[52,63947,138],{"class":66},[52,63949,7540],{"class":600},[52,63951,4957],{"class":66},[52,63953,948],{"class":947},[52,63955,80],{"class":66},[52,63957,953],{"class":947},[52,63959,80],{"class":66},[52,63961,958],{"class":947},[52,63963,2350],{"class":66},[699,63965,63967,63968],{"id":63966},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[52,63969,63970],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63972,63973],{},"This is a common surprise:",[43,63975,63977],{"className":45,"code":63976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63978,63979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63980,63981,63983,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63982,135],{"class":134},[52,63984,138],{"class":66},[52,63986,7540],{"class":600},[52,63988,138],{"class":66},[52,63990,71],{"class":70},[52,63992,3288],{"class":74},[52,63994,71],{"class":70},[52,63996,1222],{"class":66},[20,63998,1509],{},[43,64000,64002],{"className":45,"code":64001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64003,64004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64005,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64007,3344],{"class":66},[52,64009,608],{"class":70},[52,64011,59874],{"class":74},[52,64013,608],{"class":70},[52,64015,80],{"class":66},[52,64017,617],{"class":70},[52,64019,59883],{"class":74},[52,64021,608],{"class":70},[52,64023,80],{"class":66},[52,64025,617],{"class":70},[52,64027,59892],{"class":74},[52,64029,608],{"class":70},[52,64031,80],{"class":66},[52,64033,617],{"class":70},[52,64035,59892],{"class":74},[52,64037,608],{"class":70},[52,64039,80],{"class":66},[52,64041,617],{"class":70},[52,64043,59909],{"class":74},[52,64045,608],{"class":70},[52,64047,3076],{"class":66},[20,64049,64050],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64052,64053],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[43,64055,64057],{"className":45,"code":64056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64058,64059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64060,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64062,135],{"class":134},[52,64064,2424],{"class":66},[52,64066,71],{"class":70},[52,64068,3288],{"class":74},[52,64070,71],{"class":70},[52,64072,3332],{"class":66},[699,64074,64076],{"id":64075},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64078,64079],{},"This:",[43,64081,64083],{"className":45,"code":64082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64084,64085,64117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64086,64087,64089,64091,64093,64095,64097,64099,64101,64103,64105,64107,64109,64111,64113,64115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64088,8613],{"class":58},[52,64090,63],{"class":62},[52,64092,67],{"class":66},[52,64094,71],{"class":70},[52,64096,221],{"class":74},[52,64098,71],{"class":70},[52,64100,202],{"class":66},[52,64102,4944],{"class":947},[52,64104,80],{"class":66},[52,64106,83],{"class":70},[52,64108,4204],{"class":74},[52,64110,71],{"class":70},[52,64112,202],{"class":66},[52,64114,953],{"class":947},[52,64116,100],{"class":66},[52,64118,64119,64121,64123,64125,64127,64129],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,64120,135],{"class":134},[52,64122,138],{"class":66},[52,64124,7540],{"class":600},[52,64126,138],{"class":66},[52,64128,8652],{"class":117},[52,64130,1222],{"class":66},[20,64132,64133],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64135,799,64136,64139],{},[15,64137,64138],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[699,64141,64143],{"id":64142},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64145,64146,64148],{},[15,64147,24221],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64150,64151],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[38,64153,1273],{"id":1272},[699,64155,4624,64157,64159],{"id":64156},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[52,64158],{}," and list()?",[20,64161,64162,64163,64165,64166,64168],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64164,3229],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64167,24221],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[699,64170,64172],{"id":64171},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64174,64175,64176,64178],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64177,24221],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[699,64180,64182],{"id":64181},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64184,64185],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[699,64187,64189],{"id":64188},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64191,64192],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[699,64194,64196],{"id":64195},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64198,64199,64200,64202],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64201,24221],{}," cannot loop through it.",[38,64204,1332],{"id":1331},[163,64206,64207,64211,64216,64220,64224,64228,64232,64237],{},[166,64208,64209],{},[221,64210,52209],{"href":50416},[166,64212,64213],{},[221,64214,64215],{"href":35629},"Python range() function explained",[166,64217,64218],{},[221,64219,62653],{"href":62652},[166,64221,64222],{},[221,64223,62985],{"href":62984},[166,64225,64226],{},[221,64227,4661],{"href":5033},[166,64229,64230],{},[221,64231,13230],{"href":13229},[166,64233,64234],{},[221,64235,64236],{"href":52037},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[166,64238,64239],{},[221,64240,53716],{"href":52486},[1364,64242,64243],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":64245},[64246,64247,64248,64249,64250,64257,64258,64259,64264,64265,64272,64280],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":62355,"depth":103,"text":62356},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":59055,"depth":103,"text":59056},{"id":62583,"depth":103,"text":62584,"children":64251},[64252,64253,64254,64255,64256],{"id":62587,"depth":124,"text":62588},{"id":62656,"depth":124,"text":62657},{"id":62734,"depth":124,"text":62735},{"id":62809,"depth":124,"text":62810},{"id":62876,"depth":124,"text":62877},{"id":62988,"depth":103,"text":62989},{"id":63124,"depth":103,"text":63125},{"id":63424,"depth":103,"text":63425,"children":64260},[64261,64262,64263],{"id":63433,"depth":124,"text":63434},{"id":63523,"depth":124,"text":63524},{"id":63617,"depth":124,"text":63618},{"id":63732,"depth":103,"text":63733},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":64266},[64267,64268,64270,64271],{"id":63899,"depth":124,"text":63900},{"id":63966,"depth":124,"text":64269},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64075,"depth":124,"text":64076},{"id":64142,"depth":124,"text":64143},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":64273},[64274,64276,64277,64278,64279],{"id":64156,"depth":124,"text":64275},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64171,"depth":124,"text":64172},{"id":64181,"depth":124,"text":64182},{"id":64188,"depth":124,"text":64189},{"id":64195,"depth":124,"text":64196},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62189,"description":64281},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64288,"title":64289,"body":64290,"description":65641,"extension":1401,"meta":65642,"navigation":127,"path":65643,"seo":65644,"stem":65645,"__hash__":65646},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64291,"toc":65615},[64292,64297,64303,64312,64314,64387,64396,64401,64405,64421,64425,64427,64429,64448,64451,64479,64482,64507,64515,64517,64522,64529,64531,64588,64590,64598,64604,64608,64611,64684,64686,64694,64697,64720,64727,64733,64737,64743,64814,64816,64824,64833,64840,64847,64855,64999,65001,65018,65021,65060,65063,65067,65072,65074,65133,65139,65142,65249,65251,65266,65269,65276,65278,65282,65430,65433,65494,65497,65500,65521,65526,65530,65541,65544,65546,65551,65554,65562,65567,65573,65576,65582,65590,65592,65612],[10,64293,53780,64295,18],{"id":64294},"python-list-index-method",[15,64296,58403],{},[20,64298,64299,64302],{},[15,64300,64301],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64304,64305,64306,64309,64310,114],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,64307,64308],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64311,40137],{},[38,64313,3049],{"id":3048},[43,64315,64317],{"className":45,"code":64316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64318,64319,64351,64374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64320,64321,64323,64325,64327,64329,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64322,59],{"class":58},[52,64324,63],{"class":62},[52,64326,3063],{"class":66},[52,64328,71],{"class":70},[52,64330,75],{"class":74},[52,64332,71],{"class":70},[52,64334,80],{"class":66},[52,64336,83],{"class":70},[52,64338,86],{"class":74},[52,64340,71],{"class":70},[52,64342,80],{"class":66},[52,64344,83],{"class":70},[52,64346,95],{"class":74},[52,64348,71],{"class":70},[52,64350,3076],{"class":66},[52,64352,64353,64356,64358,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370,64372],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,64354,64355],{"class":58},"position ",[52,64357,63],{"class":62},[52,64359,111],{"class":58},[52,64361,114],{"class":66},[52,64363,35279],{"class":117},[52,64365,138],{"class":66},[52,64367,71],{"class":70},[52,64369,86],{"class":74},[52,64371,71],{"class":70},[52,64373,144],{"class":66},[52,64375,64376,64378,64380,64383,64385],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,64377,135],{"class":134},[52,64379,138],{"class":66},[52,64381,64382],{"class":117},"position",[52,64384,3102],{"class":66},[52,64386,27218],{"class":3105},[20,64388,799,64389,64392,64393,64395],{},[15,64390,64391],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64394,40137],{}," if the item is not found.",[38,64397,194,64399,197],{"id":64398},"what-listindex-does",[15,64400,64301],{},[20,64402,64403,202],{},[15,64404,64301],{},[163,64406,64407,64410,64413,64418],{},[166,64408,64409],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[166,64411,64412],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[166,64414,64415,64416],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64417,1558],{},[166,64419,64420],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64422,54005,64423,114],{},[221,64424,52209],{"href":54008},[38,64426,228],{"id":227},[20,64428,30155],{},[43,64430,64432],{"className":45,"code":64431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64433,64434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64435,64436,64438,64440,64442,64444,64446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64437,7786],{"class":58},[52,64439,114],{"class":66},[52,64441,35279],{"class":117},[52,64443,138],{"class":66},[52,64445,985],{"class":117},[52,64447,144],{"class":66},[20,64449,64450],{},"You can also limit the search:",[43,64452,64454],{"className":45,"code":64453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64455,64456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64457,64458,64460,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64477],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64459,7786],{"class":58},[52,64461,114],{"class":66},[52,64463,35279],{"class":117},[52,64465,138],{"class":66},[52,64467,985],{"class":117},[52,64469,80],{"class":66},[52,64471,35485],{"class":117},[52,64473,80],{"class":66},[52,64475,64476],{"class":117}," end",[52,64478,144],{"class":66},[20,64480,64481],{},"Here is what each part means:",[163,64483,64484,64489,64494,64499],{},[166,64485,64486,64488],{},[15,64487,985],{},": the item to search for",[166,64490,64491,64493],{},[15,64492,35506],{},": where the search begins",[166,64495,64496,64498],{},[15,64497,52098],{},": where the search stops",[166,64500,64501,4227,64503,64506],{},[15,64502,52098],{},[30,64504,64505],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64508,64509,64510,64512,64513,114],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64511,35506],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64514,52098],{},[38,64516,37453],{"id":37452},[20,64518,64519,64521],{},[15,64520,64301],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64523,64524,64525,64528],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,64526,64527],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64530,267],{},[43,64532,64534],{"className":45,"code":64533,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64535,64536,64556,64574,64578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64537,64538,64540,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64539,940],{"class":58},[52,64541,63],{"class":62},[52,64543,3063],{"class":66},[52,64545,1770],{"class":947},[52,64547,80],{"class":66},[52,64549,7237],{"class":947},[52,64551,80],{"class":66},[52,64553,7242],{"class":947},[52,64555,3076],{"class":66},[52,64557,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570,64572],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,64559,1668],{"class":58},[52,64561,63],{"class":62},[52,64563,970],{"class":58},[52,64565,114],{"class":66},[52,64567,35279],{"class":117},[52,64569,138],{"class":66},[52,64571,15193],{"class":947},[52,64573,144],{"class":66},[52,64575,64576],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,64577,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,64579,64580,64582,64584,64586],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,64581,135],{"class":134},[52,64583,138],{"class":66},[52,64585,1703],{"class":117},[52,64587,144],{"class":66},[20,64589,1509],{},[43,64591,64592],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64593,64594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64595,64596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64597,46352],{"class":947},[20,64599,64600,64601,64603],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64602,58403],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[38,64605,64607],{"id":64606},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64609,64610],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[43,64612,64614],{"className":45,"code":64613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64615,64616,64648,64670,64674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64617,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64636,64638,64640,64642,64644,64646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64619,393],{"class":58},[52,64621,63],{"class":62},[52,64623,3063],{"class":66},[52,64625,71],{"class":70},[52,64627,75],{"class":74},[52,64629,71],{"class":70},[52,64631,80],{"class":66},[52,64633,83],{"class":70},[52,64635,86],{"class":74},[52,64637,71],{"class":70},[52,64639,80],{"class":66},[52,64641,83],{"class":70},[52,64643,95],{"class":74},[52,64645,71],{"class":70},[52,64647,3076],{"class":66},[52,64649,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,64651,64355],{"class":58},[52,64653,63],{"class":62},[52,64655,52289],{"class":58},[52,64657,114],{"class":66},[52,64659,35279],{"class":117},[52,64661,138],{"class":66},[52,64663,71],{"class":70},[52,64665,95],{"class":74},[52,64667,71],{"class":70},[52,64669,144],{"class":66},[52,64671,64672],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,64673,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,64675,64676,64678,64680,64682],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,64677,135],{"class":134},[52,64679,138],{"class":66},[52,64681,64382],{"class":117},[52,64683,144],{"class":66},[20,64685,1509],{},[43,64687,64688],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64689,64690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64691,64692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64693,16496],{"class":947},[20,64695,64696],{},"In this list:",[163,64698,64699,64706,64713],{},[166,64700,64701,64703,64704],{},[15,64702,57269],{}," is at index ",[15,64705,1558],{},[166,64707,64708,64703,64711],{},[15,64709,64710],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64712,948],{},[166,64714,64715,64703,64718],{},[15,64716,64717],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64719,1047],{},[20,64721,53091,64722,1837,64725,114],{},[15,64723,64724],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64726,1047],{},[20,64728,50980,64729,114],{},[221,64730,64732],{"href":64731},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[38,64734,64736],{"id":64735},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64738,64739,64740,64742],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64741,58403],{}," returns the first match only.",[43,64744,64746],{"className":45,"code":64745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64747,64748,64788,64792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64749,64750,64752,64754,64756,64758,64760,64762,64764,64766,64768,64770,64772,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64751,277],{"class":58},[52,64753,63],{"class":62},[52,64755,3063],{"class":66},[52,64757,71],{"class":70},[52,64759,286],{"class":74},[52,64761,71],{"class":70},[52,64763,80],{"class":66},[52,64765,83],{"class":70},[52,64767,295],{"class":74},[52,64769,71],{"class":70},[52,64771,80],{"class":66},[52,64773,83],{"class":70},[52,64775,286],{"class":74},[52,64777,71],{"class":70},[52,64779,80],{"class":66},[52,64781,83],{"class":70},[52,64783,304],{"class":74},[52,64785,71],{"class":70},[52,64787,3076],{"class":66},[52,64789,64790],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,64791,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,64793,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806,64808,64810,64812],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,64795,135],{"class":134},[52,64797,138],{"class":66},[52,64799,348],{"class":117},[52,64801,114],{"class":66},[52,64803,35279],{"class":117},[52,64805,138],{"class":66},[52,64807,71],{"class":70},[52,64809,286],{"class":74},[52,64811,71],{"class":70},[52,64813,1222],{"class":66},[20,64815,1509],{},[43,64817,64818],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64819,64820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64821,64822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64823,46687],{"class":947},[20,64825,20417,64826,64829,64830,64832],{},[15,64827,64828],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64831,1558],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64834,64835,64836,114],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[221,64837,54956,64838,1070],{"href":58462},[15,64839,56726],{},[38,64841,1185,64843,803,64845],{"id":64842},"using-start-and-end",[15,64844,35506],{},[15,64846,52098],{},[20,64848,64849,64850,803,64852,64854],{},"The optional ",[15,64851,35506],{},[15,64853,52098],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[43,64856,64858],{"className":45,"code":64857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64859,64860,64908,64912,64937,64966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64861,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886,64888,64890,64892,64894,64896,64898,64900,64902,64904,64906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64863,35524],{"class":58},[52,64865,63],{"class":62},[52,64867,3063],{"class":66},[52,64869,71],{"class":70},[52,64871,221],{"class":74},[52,64873,71],{"class":70},[52,64875,80],{"class":66},[52,64877,83],{"class":70},[52,64879,4204],{"class":74},[52,64881,71],{"class":70},[52,64883,80],{"class":66},[52,64885,83],{"class":70},[52,64887,9187],{"class":74},[52,64889,71],{"class":70},[52,64891,80],{"class":66},[52,64893,83],{"class":70},[52,64895,4204],{"class":74},[52,64897,71],{"class":70},[52,64899,80],{"class":66},[52,64901,83],{"class":70},[52,64903,18207],{"class":74},[52,64905,71],{"class":70},[52,64907,3076],{"class":66},[52,64909,64910],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,64911,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,64913,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,64915,135],{"class":134},[52,64917,138],{"class":66},[52,64919,35577],{"class":117},[52,64921,114],{"class":66},[52,64923,35279],{"class":117},[52,64925,138],{"class":66},[52,64927,71],{"class":70},[52,64929,4204],{"class":74},[52,64931,71],{"class":70},[52,64933,4807],{"class":66},[52,64935,64936],{"class":3105},"        # first match\n",[52,64938,64939,64941,64943,64945,64947,64949,64951,64953,64955,64957,64959,64961,64963],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,64940,135],{"class":134},[52,64942,138],{"class":66},[52,64944,35577],{"class":117},[52,64946,114],{"class":66},[52,64948,35279],{"class":117},[52,64950,138],{"class":66},[52,64952,71],{"class":70},[52,64954,4204],{"class":74},[52,64956,71],{"class":70},[52,64958,80],{"class":66},[52,64960,953],{"class":947},[52,64962,4807],{"class":66},[52,64964,64965],{"class":3105},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[52,64967,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976,64978,64980,64982,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,64969,135],{"class":134},[52,64971,138],{"class":66},[52,64973,35577],{"class":117},[52,64975,114],{"class":66},[52,64977,35279],{"class":117},[52,64979,138],{"class":66},[52,64981,71],{"class":70},[52,64983,4204],{"class":74},[52,64985,71],{"class":70},[52,64987,80],{"class":66},[52,64989,4944],{"class":947},[52,64991,80],{"class":66},[52,64993,1896],{"class":947},[52,64995,4807],{"class":66},[52,64997,64998],{"class":3105},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65000,1509],{},[43,65002,65004],{"className":45,"code":65003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65005,65006,65010,65014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65007,65008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65009,46352],{"class":947},[52,65011,65012],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65013,46052],{"class":947},[52,65015,65016],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,65017,46352],{"class":947},[20,65019,65020],{},"How this works:",[163,65022,65023,65035,65048],{},[166,65024,65025,65028,65029,65032,65033],{},[15,65026,65027],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65030,65031],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65034,948],{},[166,65036,65037,65040,65041,65043,65044,65032,65046],{},[15,65038,65039],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65042,1047],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65045,65031],{},[15,65047,1500],{},[166,65049,65050,65053,65054,1627,65056,16512,65058],{},[15,65051,65052],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65055,948],{},[15,65057,1047],{},[15,65059,1500],{},[20,65061,65062],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[38,65064,65066],{"id":65065},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65068,65069,65070,114],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65071,40137],{},[20,65073,267],{},[43,65075,65077],{"className":45,"code":65076,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65078,65079,65111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65080,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095,65097,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65082,59],{"class":58},[52,65084,63],{"class":62},[52,65086,3063],{"class":66},[52,65088,71],{"class":70},[52,65090,75],{"class":74},[52,65092,71],{"class":70},[52,65094,80],{"class":66},[52,65096,83],{"class":70},[52,65098,86],{"class":74},[52,65100,71],{"class":70},[52,65102,80],{"class":66},[52,65104,83],{"class":70},[52,65106,95],{"class":74},[52,65108,71],{"class":70},[52,65110,3076],{"class":66},[52,65112,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65114,135],{"class":134},[52,65116,138],{"class":66},[52,65118,154],{"class":117},[52,65120,114],{"class":66},[52,65122,35279],{"class":117},[52,65124,138],{"class":66},[52,65126,71],{"class":70},[52,65128,32652],{"class":74},[52,65130,71],{"class":70},[52,65132,1222],{"class":66},[20,65134,443,65135,65138],{},[15,65136,65137],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65140,65141],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[43,65143,65145],{"className":45,"code":65144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65146,65147,65179,65192,65196,65209,65228,65234],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65148,65149,65151,65153,65155,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65150,59],{"class":58},[52,65152,63],{"class":62},[52,65154,3063],{"class":66},[52,65156,71],{"class":70},[52,65158,75],{"class":74},[52,65160,71],{"class":70},[52,65162,80],{"class":66},[52,65164,83],{"class":70},[52,65166,86],{"class":74},[52,65168,71],{"class":70},[52,65170,80],{"class":66},[52,65172,83],{"class":70},[52,65174,95],{"class":74},[52,65176,71],{"class":70},[52,65178,3076],{"class":66},[52,65180,65181,65184,65186,65188,65190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65182,65183],{"class":58},"search_value ",[52,65185,63],{"class":62},[52,65187,83],{"class":70},[52,65189,32652],{"class":74},[52,65191,2797],{"class":70},[52,65193,65194],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,65195,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,65197,65198,65200,65203,65205,65207],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65199,732],{"class":731},[52,65201,65202],{"class":58}," search_value ",[52,65204,3326],{"class":62},[52,65206,111],{"class":58},[52,65208,737],{"class":66},[52,65210,65211,65213,65215,65217,65219,65221,65223,65226],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,65212,757],{"class":134},[52,65214,138],{"class":66},[52,65216,154],{"class":117},[52,65218,114],{"class":66},[52,65220,35279],{"class":117},[52,65222,138],{"class":66},[52,65224,65225],{"class":117},"search_value",[52,65227,1222],{"class":66},[52,65229,65230,65232],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,65231,777],{"class":731},[52,65233,737],{"class":66},[52,65235,65236,65238,65240,65242,65245,65247],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,65237,757],{"class":134},[52,65239,138],{"class":66},[52,65241,71],{"class":70},[52,65243,65244],{"class":74},"Item not found",[52,65246,71],{"class":70},[52,65248,144],{"class":66},[20,65250,1509],{},[43,65252,65254],{"className":45,"code":65253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Item not found\n",[15,65255,65256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65257,65258,65261,65263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65259,65260],{"class":58},"Item ",[52,65262,32],{"class":62},[52,65264,65265],{"class":58}," found\n",[20,65267,65268],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65270,65271,65272,114],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[221,65273,65275],{"href":65274},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[38,65277,3961],{"id":3960},[20,65279,20651,65280,202],{},[15,65281,64301],{},[163,65283,65284,65302,65314,65374],{},[166,65285,25215,65286,1837,65288,65291,65292,65294,65295,4605,65297,65299,65300,114],{},[15,65287,58403],{},[15,65289,65290],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9294,65293],{},"\nPython does ",[30,65296,32],{},[15,65298,65290],{},". It raises ",[15,65301,40137],{},[166,65303,65304,65305,65307,65310,65311,65313],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9294,65306],{},[15,65308,65309],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65312,64710],{},", not the value itself.",[166,65315,1185,65316,1326,65319,65321,65323,65324,16095,65326,65349,16083,65351],{},[15,65317,65318],{},"index[]",[15,65320,58403],{},[9294,65322],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9294,65325],{},[43,65327,65329],{"className":45,"code":65328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65330,65331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65332,65333,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65334,154],{"class":58},[52,65336,114],{"class":66},[52,65338,35279],{"class":117},[52,65340,138],{"class":66},[52,65342,71],{"class":70},[52,65344,86],{"class":74},[52,65346,71],{"class":70},[52,65348,144],{"class":66},[9294,65350],{},[43,65352,65354],{"className":45,"code":65353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65355,65356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65357,65358,65360,65362,65364,65366,65368,65370,65372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65359,154],{"class":58},[52,65361,114],{"class":66},[52,65363,35279],{"class":24190},[52,65365,3344],{"class":66},[52,65367,71],{"class":70},[52,65369,86],{"class":74},[52,65371,71],{"class":70},[52,65373,3076],{"class":66},[166,65375,65376,65377,65379,803,65382,65384,65385],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9294,65378],{},[15,65380,65381],{},"\"3\"",[15,65383,1500],{}," are different values in Python.",[43,65386,65388],{"className":45,"code":65387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65389,65390,65410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65391,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65393,940],{"class":58},[52,65395,63],{"class":62},[52,65397,3063],{"class":66},[52,65399,948],{"class":947},[52,65401,80],{"class":66},[52,65403,953],{"class":947},[52,65405,80],{"class":66},[52,65407,958],{"class":947},[52,65409,3076],{"class":66},[52,65411,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426,65428],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65413,135],{"class":134},[52,65415,138],{"class":66},[52,65417,71],{"class":70},[52,65419,1500],{"class":74},[52,65421,71],{"class":70},[52,65423,20613],{"class":731},[52,65425,970],{"class":117},[52,65427,3102],{"class":66},[52,65429,4215],{"class":3105},[20,65431,65432],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,65434,65436],{"className":45,"code":65435,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65437,65438,65448,65462,65476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65439,65440,65442,65444,65446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65441,135],{"class":134},[52,65443,138],{"class":66},[52,65445,7786],{"class":117},[52,65447,144],{"class":66},[52,65449,65450,65452,65454,65456,65458,65460],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65451,135],{"class":134},[52,65453,138],{"class":66},[52,65455,1231],{"class":600},[52,65457,138],{"class":66},[52,65459,65225],{"class":117},[52,65461,1222],{"class":66},[52,65463,65464,65466,65468,65470,65472,65474],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,65465,135],{"class":134},[52,65467,138],{"class":66},[52,65469,65183],{"class":117},[52,65471,3326],{"class":731},[52,65473,7843],{"class":117},[52,65475,144],{"class":66},[52,65477,65478,65480,65482,65484,65486,65488,65490,65492],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65479,135],{"class":134},[52,65481,138],{"class":66},[52,65483,7786],{"class":117},[52,65485,114],{"class":66},[52,65487,35279],{"class":117},[52,65489,138],{"class":66},[52,65491,65225],{"class":117},[52,65493,1222],{"class":66},[20,65495,65496],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65498,65499],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[163,65501,65502,65505,65512,65518],{},[166,65503,65504],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[166,65506,65507,65508,1326,65510],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65509,65381],{},[15,65511,1500],{},[166,65513,65514,65515,65517],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65516,58403],{}," returns only the first one",[166,65519,65520],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[38,65522,894,65524],{"id":65523},"when-to-use-index",[15,65525,58403],{},[20,65527,799,65528,916],{},[15,65529,58403],{},[163,65531,65532,65535,65538],{},[166,65533,65534],{},"You need the position of a known value",[166,65536,65537],{},"You are working with a small list",[166,65539,65540],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65542,65543],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[38,65545,1273],{"id":1272},[699,65547,4586,65549,4589],{"id":65548},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65550,64301],{},[20,65552,65553],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[699,65555,1277,65557,4605,65559,65561],{"id":65556},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65558,64301],{},[15,65560,65290],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65563,65564,65565,6077],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65566,40137],{},[699,65568,4614,65570,65572],{"id":65569},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65571,64301],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65574,65575],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[699,65577,65579,65580,1293],{"id":65578},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65581,58403],{},[20,65583,65584,65585,803,65587,65589],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65586,35506],{},[15,65588,52098],{}," arguments.",[38,65591,1332],{"id":1331},[163,65593,65594,65598,65602,65606],{},[166,65595,65596],{},[221,65597,58391],{"href":64731},[166,65599,65600],{},[221,65601,52209],{"href":54008},[166,65603,65604],{},[221,65605,65275],{"href":65274},[166,65607,65608],{},[221,65609,54956,65610,1070],{"href":58462},[15,65611,56726],{},[1364,65613,65614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":65616},[65617,65618,65620,65621,65622,65623,65624,65626,65627,65628,65630,65640],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":64398,"depth":103,"text":65619},"What list.index() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":37452,"depth":103,"text":37453},{"id":64606,"depth":103,"text":64607},{"id":64735,"depth":103,"text":64736},{"id":64842,"depth":103,"text":65625},"Using start and end",{"id":65065,"depth":103,"text":65066},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961},{"id":65523,"depth":103,"text":65629},"When to use index()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":65631},[65632,65634,65636,65638],{"id":65548,"depth":124,"text":65633},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65556,"depth":124,"text":65635},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65569,"depth":124,"text":65637},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65578,"depth":124,"text":65639},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64289,"description":65641},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65648,"title":65649,"body":65650,"description":67592,"extension":1401,"meta":67593,"navigation":127,"path":67594,"seo":67595,"stem":67596,"__hash__":67597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65651,"toc":67552},[65652,65657,65662,65665,65674,65731,65737,65742,65746,65760,65766,65768,65791,65808,65810,65871,65873,65905,65918,65920,65923,66023,66025,66103,66109,66113,66121,66125,66131,66186,66188,66212,66216,66219,66272,66274,66298,66302,66305,66358,66360,66384,66388,66394,66465,66467,66508,66514,66521,66524,66529,66537,66542,66550,66552,66649,66651,66720,66727,66732,66734,66738,66743,66745,66816,66818,66847,66853,66855,66882,66885,66908,66912,66915,66937,66940,66963,66965,67025,67027,67059,67065,67070,67123,67125,67150,67153,67202,67204,67225,67229,67234,67237,67292,67294,67321,67328,67332,67337,67408,67411,67425,67430,67435,67437,67451,67463,67468,67470,67475,67480,67484,67487,67493,67499,67506,67514,67516,67549],[10,65653,53780,65655,18],{"id":65654},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65656,53706],{},[20,65658,65659,65661],{},[15,65660,53349],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65663,65664],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65666,799,65667,65669,65670,114],{},[15,65668,53706],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[221,65671,54956,65672,1070],{"href":56204},[15,65673,52090],{},[43,65675,65677],{"className":45,"code":65676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65678,65679,65699,65717,65727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65680,65681,65683,65685,65687,65689,65691,65693,65695,65697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65682,940],{"class":58},[52,65684,63],{"class":62},[52,65686,3063],{"class":66},[52,65688,948],{"class":947},[52,65690,80],{"class":66},[52,65692,953],{"class":947},[52,65694,80],{"class":66},[52,65696,1896],{"class":947},[52,65698,3076],{"class":66},[52,65700,65701,65703,65705,65707,65709,65711,65713,65715],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65702,1037],{"class":58},[52,65704,114],{"class":66},[52,65706,53389],{"class":117},[52,65708,138],{"class":66},[52,65710,1047],{"class":947},[52,65712,80],{"class":66},[52,65714,958],{"class":947},[52,65716,144],{"class":66},[52,65718,65719,65721,65723,65725],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,65720,135],{"class":134},[52,65722,138],{"class":66},[52,65724,1037],{"class":117},[52,65726,144],{"class":66},[52,65728,65729],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65730,52161],{"class":3105},[20,65732,799,65733,65736],{},[15,65734,65735],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[38,65738,194,65740,197],{"id":65739},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65741,53349],{},[20,65743,65744,202],{},[15,65745,53349],{},[163,65747,65748,65751,65754,65756],{},[166,65749,65750],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[166,65752,65753],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[166,65755,53866],{},[166,65757,10865,65758],{},[15,65759,3220],{},[20,65761,65762,65763,65765],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65764,53706],{}," does not create a new list.",[38,65767,4877],{"id":4876},[43,65769,65771],{"className":45,"code":65770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65772,65773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65774,65775,65777,65779,65781,65783,65785,65787,65789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65776,7786],{"class":58},[52,65778,114],{"class":66},[52,65780,53389],{"class":117},[52,65782,138],{"class":66},[52,65784,35279],{"class":117},[52,65786,80],{"class":66},[52,65788,28942],{"class":117},[52,65790,144],{"class":66},[163,65792,65793,65798,65803],{},[166,65794,65795,65797],{},[15,65796,35279],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[166,65799,65800,65802],{},[15,65801,337],{}," is the value to add",[166,65804,65805,65806],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65807,1558],{},[20,65809,267],{},[43,65811,65813],{"className":45,"code":65812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65814,65815,65839,65861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65816,65817,65819,65821,65823,65825,65827,65829,65831,65833,65835,65837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65818,35524],{"class":58},[52,65820,63],{"class":62},[52,65822,3063],{"class":66},[52,65824,71],{"class":70},[52,65826,221],{"class":74},[52,65828,71],{"class":70},[52,65830,80],{"class":66},[52,65832,83],{"class":70},[52,65834,9187],{"class":74},[52,65836,71],{"class":70},[52,65838,3076],{"class":66},[52,65840,65841,65843,65845,65847,65849,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65842,35577],{"class":58},[52,65844,114],{"class":66},[52,65846,53389],{"class":117},[52,65848,138],{"class":66},[52,65850,948],{"class":947},[52,65852,80],{"class":66},[52,65854,83],{"class":70},[52,65856,4204],{"class":74},[52,65858,71],{"class":70},[52,65860,144],{"class":66},[52,65862,65863,65865,65867,65869],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,65864,135],{"class":134},[52,65866,138],{"class":66},[52,65868,35577],{"class":117},[52,65870,144],{"class":66},[20,65872,1509],{},[43,65874,65875],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65876,65877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65878,65879,65881,65883,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899,65901,65903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65880,3344],{"class":66},[52,65882,608],{"class":70},[52,65884,221],{"class":74},[52,65886,608],{"class":70},[52,65888,80],{"class":66},[52,65890,617],{"class":70},[52,65892,4204],{"class":74},[52,65894,608],{"class":70},[52,65896,80],{"class":66},[52,65898,617],{"class":70},[52,65900,9187],{"class":74},[52,65902,608],{"class":70},[52,65904,3076],{"class":66},[20,65906,20210,65907,65909,65910,65912,65913,803,65915,114],{},[15,65908,65031],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65911,948],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65914,17535],{},[15,65916,65917],{},"\"c\"",[38,65919,5234],{"id":5233},[20,65921,65922],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[43,65924,65926],{"className":45,"code":65925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65927,65928,65960,65978,65982,66004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65929,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948,65950,65952,65954,65956,65958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65931,277],{"class":58},[52,65933,63],{"class":62},[52,65935,3063],{"class":66},[52,65937,71],{"class":70},[52,65939,286],{"class":74},[52,65941,71],{"class":70},[52,65943,80],{"class":66},[52,65945,83],{"class":70},[52,65947,295],{"class":74},[52,65949,71],{"class":70},[52,65951,80],{"class":66},[52,65953,83],{"class":70},[52,65955,304],{"class":74},[52,65957,71],{"class":70},[52,65959,3076],{"class":66},[52,65961,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970,65972,65974,65976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,65963,135],{"class":134},[52,65965,138],{"class":66},[52,65967,71],{"class":70},[52,65969,11006],{"class":74},[52,65971,71],{"class":70},[52,65973,80],{"class":66},[52,65975,318],{"class":117},[52,65977,144],{"class":66},[52,65979,65980],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,65981,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,65983,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,65985,348],{"class":58},[52,65987,114],{"class":66},[52,65989,53389],{"class":117},[52,65991,138],{"class":66},[52,65993,948],{"class":947},[52,65995,80],{"class":66},[52,65997,83],{"class":70},[52,65999,21964],{"class":74},[52,66001,71],{"class":70},[52,66003,144],{"class":66},[52,66005,66006,66008,66010,66012,66015,66017,66019,66021],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,66007,135],{"class":134},[52,66009,138],{"class":66},[52,66011,71],{"class":70},[52,66013,66014],{"class":74},"After: ",[52,66016,71],{"class":70},[52,66018,80],{"class":66},[52,66020,318],{"class":117},[52,66022,144],{"class":66},[20,66024,1509],{},[43,66026,66028],{"className":45,"code":66027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66029,66030,66062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66031,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66033,11066],{"class":58},[52,66035,202],{"class":66},[52,66037,3063],{"class":66},[52,66039,608],{"class":70},[52,66041,286],{"class":74},[52,66043,608],{"class":70},[52,66045,80],{"class":66},[52,66047,617],{"class":70},[52,66049,295],{"class":74},[52,66051,608],{"class":70},[52,66053,80],{"class":66},[52,66055,617],{"class":70},[52,66057,304],{"class":74},[52,66059,608],{"class":70},[52,66061,3076],{"class":66},[52,66063,66064,66066,66068,66071,66073,66075,66077,66079,66081,66083,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66065,11119],{"class":58},[52,66067,202],{"class":66},[52,66069,66070],{"class":66},"  [",[52,66072,608],{"class":70},[52,66074,286],{"class":74},[52,66076,608],{"class":70},[52,66078,80],{"class":66},[52,66080,617],{"class":70},[52,66082,21964],{"class":74},[52,66084,608],{"class":70},[52,66086,80],{"class":66},[52,66088,617],{"class":70},[52,66090,295],{"class":74},[52,66092,608],{"class":70},[52,66094,80],{"class":66},[52,66096,617],{"class":70},[52,66098,304],{"class":74},[52,66100,608],{"class":70},[52,66102,3076],{"class":66},[20,66104,66105,66106,66108],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66107,948],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[38,66110,66112],{"id":66111},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66114,1418,66115,34762,66117,66120],{},[15,66116,35279],{},[15,66118,66119],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[699,66122,66124],{"id":66123},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66126,66127,66128,66130],{},"Use index ",[15,66129,1558],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[43,66132,66134],{"className":45,"code":66133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66135,66136,66157,66176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66137,66138,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66139,66140],{"class":58},"nums ",[52,66142,63],{"class":62},[52,66144,3063],{"class":66},[52,66146,1047],{"class":947},[52,66148,80],{"class":66},[52,66150,958],{"class":947},[52,66152,80],{"class":66},[52,66154,1896],{"class":947},[52,66156,3076],{"class":66},[52,66158,66159,66162,66164,66166,66168,66170,66172,66174],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66160,66161],{"class":58},"nums",[52,66163,114],{"class":66},[52,66165,53389],{"class":117},[52,66167,138],{"class":66},[52,66169,1558],{"class":947},[52,66171,80],{"class":66},[52,66173,4944],{"class":947},[52,66175,144],{"class":66},[52,66177,66178,66180,66182,66184],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,66179,135],{"class":134},[52,66181,138],{"class":66},[52,66183,66161],{"class":117},[52,66185,144],{"class":66},[20,66187,1509],{},[43,66189,66190],{"className":45,"code":52943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66191,66192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66193,66194,66196,66198,66200,66202,66204,66206,66208,66210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66195,3344],{"class":66},[52,66197,948],{"class":947},[52,66199,80],{"class":66},[52,66201,953],{"class":947},[52,66203,80],{"class":66},[52,66205,958],{"class":947},[52,66207,80],{"class":66},[52,66209,1896],{"class":947},[52,66211,3076],{"class":66},[699,66213,66215],{"id":66214},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66217,66218],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[43,66220,66222],{"className":45,"code":66221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66223,66224,66244,66262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66225,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66227,66140],{"class":58},[52,66229,63],{"class":62},[52,66231,3063],{"class":66},[52,66233,948],{"class":947},[52,66235,80],{"class":66},[52,66237,953],{"class":947},[52,66239,80],{"class":66},[52,66241,1896],{"class":947},[52,66243,3076],{"class":66},[52,66245,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66247,66161],{"class":58},[52,66249,114],{"class":66},[52,66251,53389],{"class":117},[52,66253,138],{"class":66},[52,66255,1047],{"class":947},[52,66257,80],{"class":66},[52,66259,958],{"class":947},[52,66261,144],{"class":66},[52,66263,66264,66266,66268,66270],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,66265,135],{"class":134},[52,66267,138],{"class":66},[52,66269,66161],{"class":117},[52,66271,144],{"class":66},[20,66273,1509],{},[43,66275,66276],{"className":45,"code":52943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66277,66278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66279,66280,66282,66284,66286,66288,66290,66292,66294,66296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66281,3344],{"class":66},[52,66283,948],{"class":947},[52,66285,80],{"class":66},[52,66287,953],{"class":947},[52,66289,80],{"class":66},[52,66291,958],{"class":947},[52,66293,80],{"class":66},[52,66295,1896],{"class":947},[52,66297,3076],{"class":66},[699,66299,66301],{"id":66300},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66303,66304],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[43,66306,66308],{"className":45,"code":66307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66309,66310,66330,66348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66311,66312,66314,66316,66318,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66313,66140],{"class":58},[52,66315,63],{"class":62},[52,66317,3063],{"class":66},[52,66319,948],{"class":947},[52,66321,80],{"class":66},[52,66323,953],{"class":947},[52,66325,80],{"class":66},[52,66327,958],{"class":947},[52,66329,3076],{"class":66},[52,66331,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66333,66161],{"class":58},[52,66335,114],{"class":66},[52,66337,53389],{"class":117},[52,66339,138],{"class":66},[52,66341,1770],{"class":947},[52,66343,80],{"class":66},[52,66345,1896],{"class":947},[52,66347,144],{"class":66},[52,66349,66350,66352,66354,66356],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,66351,135],{"class":134},[52,66353,138],{"class":66},[52,66355,66161],{"class":117},[52,66357,144],{"class":66},[20,66359,1509],{},[43,66361,66362],{"className":45,"code":52943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66363,66364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66365,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376,66378,66380,66382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66367,3344],{"class":66},[52,66369,948],{"class":947},[52,66371,80],{"class":66},[52,66373,953],{"class":947},[52,66375,80],{"class":66},[52,66377,958],{"class":947},[52,66379,80],{"class":66},[52,66381,1896],{"class":947},[52,66383,3076],{"class":66},[699,66385,66387],{"id":66386},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66389,66390,66391,66393],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66392,53706],{}," places the item before that position.",[43,66395,66397],{"className":45,"code":66396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66398,66399,66431,66455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66400,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66402,35524],{"class":58},[52,66404,63],{"class":62},[52,66406,3063],{"class":66},[52,66408,71],{"class":70},[52,66410,221],{"class":74},[52,66412,71],{"class":70},[52,66414,80],{"class":66},[52,66416,83],{"class":70},[52,66418,4204],{"class":74},[52,66420,71],{"class":70},[52,66422,80],{"class":66},[52,66424,83],{"class":70},[52,66426,18207],{"class":74},[52,66428,71],{"class":70},[52,66430,3076],{"class":66},[52,66432,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66434,35577],{"class":58},[52,66436,114],{"class":66},[52,66438,53389],{"class":117},[52,66440,138],{"class":66},[52,66442,1460],{"class":62},[52,66444,948],{"class":947},[52,66446,80],{"class":66},[52,66448,83],{"class":70},[52,66450,9187],{"class":74},[52,66452,71],{"class":70},[52,66454,144],{"class":66},[52,66456,66457,66459,66461,66463],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,66458,135],{"class":134},[52,66460,138],{"class":66},[52,66462,35577],{"class":117},[52,66464,144],{"class":66},[20,66466,1509],{},[43,66468,66470],{"className":45,"code":66469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66471,66472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66473,66474,66476,66478,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502,66504,66506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66475,3344],{"class":66},[52,66477,608],{"class":70},[52,66479,221],{"class":74},[52,66481,608],{"class":70},[52,66483,80],{"class":66},[52,66485,617],{"class":70},[52,66487,4204],{"class":74},[52,66489,608],{"class":70},[52,66491,80],{"class":66},[52,66493,617],{"class":70},[52,66495,9187],{"class":74},[52,66497,608],{"class":70},[52,66499,80],{"class":66},[52,66501,617],{"class":70},[52,66503,18207],{"class":74},[52,66505,608],{"class":70},[52,66507,3076],{"class":66},[20,66509,66510,66511,1743],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[221,66512,66513],{"href":50416},"Python lists beginner guide",[38,66515,66517,897,66519],{"id":66516},"insert-vs-append",[15,66518,53706],{},[15,66520,52090],{},[20,66522,66523],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[699,66525,799,66527,916],{"id":66526},"use-insert-when",[15,66528,53706],{},[163,66530,66531,66534],{},[166,66532,66533],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[166,66535,66536],{},"The order of the list matters",[699,66538,799,66540,916],{"id":66539},"use-append-when",[15,66541,52090],{},[163,66543,66544,66547],{},[166,66545,66546],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[166,66548,66549],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66551,267],{},[43,66553,66555],{"className":45,"code":66554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66556,66557,66581,66585,66607,66617,66621,66639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66558,66559,66561,66563,66565,66567,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66560,59],{"class":58},[52,66562,63],{"class":62},[52,66564,3063],{"class":66},[52,66566,71],{"class":70},[52,66568,75],{"class":74},[52,66570,71],{"class":70},[52,66572,80],{"class":66},[52,66574,83],{"class":70},[52,66576,32652],{"class":74},[52,66578,71],{"class":70},[52,66580,3076],{"class":66},[52,66582,66583],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66584,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,66586,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,66588,154],{"class":58},[52,66590,114],{"class":66},[52,66592,53389],{"class":117},[52,66594,138],{"class":66},[52,66596,948],{"class":947},[52,66598,80],{"class":66},[52,66600,83],{"class":70},[52,66602,86],{"class":74},[52,66604,71],{"class":70},[52,66606,144],{"class":66},[52,66608,66609,66611,66613,66615],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66610,135],{"class":134},[52,66612,138],{"class":66},[52,66614,154],{"class":117},[52,66616,144],{"class":66},[52,66618,66619],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,66620,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,66624,154],{"class":58},[52,66626,114],{"class":66},[52,66628,12992],{"class":117},[52,66630,138],{"class":66},[52,66632,71],{"class":70},[52,66634,21973],{"class":74},[52,66636,71],{"class":70},[52,66638,144],{"class":66},[52,66640,66641,66643,66645,66647],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,66642,135],{"class":134},[52,66644,138],{"class":66},[52,66646,154],{"class":117},[52,66648,144],{"class":66},[20,66650,1509],{},[43,66652,66654],{"className":45,"code":66653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66655,66656,66684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66657,66658,66660,66662,66664,66666,66668,66670,66672,66674,66676,66678,66680,66682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66659,3344],{"class":66},[52,66661,608],{"class":70},[52,66663,75],{"class":74},[52,66665,608],{"class":70},[52,66667,80],{"class":66},[52,66669,617],{"class":70},[52,66671,86],{"class":74},[52,66673,608],{"class":70},[52,66675,80],{"class":66},[52,66677,617],{"class":70},[52,66679,32652],{"class":74},[52,66681,608],{"class":70},[52,66683,3076],{"class":66},[52,66685,66686,66688,66690,66692,66694,66696,66698,66700,66702,66704,66706,66708,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66687,3344],{"class":66},[52,66689,608],{"class":70},[52,66691,75],{"class":74},[52,66693,608],{"class":70},[52,66695,80],{"class":66},[52,66697,617],{"class":70},[52,66699,86],{"class":74},[52,66701,608],{"class":70},[52,66703,80],{"class":66},[52,66705,617],{"class":70},[52,66707,32652],{"class":74},[52,66709,608],{"class":70},[52,66711,80],{"class":66},[52,66713,617],{"class":70},[52,66715,21973],{"class":74},[52,66717,608],{"class":70},[52,66719,3076],{"class":66},[20,66721,66722,66723,114],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[221,66724,54956,66725,1070],{"href":56204},[15,66726,52090],{},[20,66728,66729,66730,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[221,66731,52487],{"href":52486},[38,66733,3961],{"id":3960},[20,66735,14173,66736,114],{},[15,66737,53706],{},[699,66739,12038,66741],{"id":66740},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66742,53706],{},[20,66744,25131],{},[43,66746,66748],{"className":45,"code":66747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66749,66750,66770,66792,66796,66806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66751,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66753,940],{"class":58},[52,66755,63],{"class":62},[52,66757,3063],{"class":66},[52,66759,948],{"class":947},[52,66761,80],{"class":66},[52,66763,953],{"class":947},[52,66765,80],{"class":66},[52,66767,958],{"class":947},[52,66769,3076],{"class":66},[52,66771,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66773,1668],{"class":58},[52,66775,63],{"class":62},[52,66777,970],{"class":58},[52,66779,114],{"class":66},[52,66781,53389],{"class":117},[52,66783,138],{"class":66},[52,66785,948],{"class":947},[52,66787,80],{"class":66},[52,66789,9645],{"class":947},[52,66791,144],{"class":66},[52,66793,66794],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,66795,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,66797,66798,66800,66802,66804],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,66799,135],{"class":134},[52,66801,138],{"class":66},[52,66803,1703],{"class":117},[52,66805,144],{"class":66},[52,66807,66808,66810,66812,66814],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,66809,135],{"class":134},[52,66811,138],{"class":66},[52,66813,1037],{"class":117},[52,66815,144],{"class":66},[20,66817,1509],{},[43,66819,66821],{"className":45,"code":66820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66822,66823,66827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66824,66825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66826,11251],{"class":3295},[52,66828,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66830,3344],{"class":66},[52,66832,948],{"class":947},[52,66834,80],{"class":66},[52,66836,9645],{"class":947},[52,66838,80],{"class":66},[52,66840,953],{"class":947},[52,66842,80],{"class":66},[52,66844,958],{"class":947},[52,66846,3076],{"class":66},[20,66848,66849,53591,66851,114],{},[15,66850,53706],{},[15,66852,3220],{},[20,66854,16083],{},[43,66856,66858],{"className":45,"code":66857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66859,66860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66861,66862,66864,66866,66868,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66863,55325],{"class":58},[52,66865,63],{"class":62},[52,66867,970],{"class":58},[52,66869,114],{"class":66},[52,66871,53389],{"class":117},[52,66873,138],{"class":66},[52,66875,948],{"class":947},[52,66877,80],{"class":66},[52,66879,9645],{"class":947},[52,66881,144],{"class":66},[20,66883,66884],{},"Right:",[43,66886,66888],{"className":45,"code":66887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66889,66890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66891,66892,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66893,1037],{"class":58},[52,66895,114],{"class":66},[52,66897,53389],{"class":117},[52,66899,138],{"class":66},[52,66901,948],{"class":947},[52,66903,80],{"class":66},[52,66905,9645],{"class":947},[52,66907,144],{"class":66},[699,66909,66911],{"id":66910},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66913,66914],{},"The correct order is:",[43,66916,66917],{"className":45,"code":65770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66918,66919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66920,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66922,7786],{"class":58},[52,66924,114],{"class":66},[52,66926,53389],{"class":117},[52,66928,138],{"class":66},[52,66930,35279],{"class":117},[52,66932,80],{"class":66},[52,66934,28942],{"class":117},[52,66936,144],{"class":66},[20,66938,66939],{},"Not:",[43,66941,66943],{"className":45,"code":66942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66944,66945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66946,66947,66949,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66948,7786],{"class":58},[52,66950,114],{"class":66},[52,66952,53389],{"class":117},[52,66954,138],{"class":66},[52,66956,337],{"class":117},[52,66958,80],{"class":66},[52,66960,35254],{"class":117},[52,66962,144],{"class":66},[20,66964,267],{},[43,66966,66967],{"className":45,"code":65812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66968,66969,66993,67015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66970,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985,66987,66989,66991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66972,35524],{"class":58},[52,66974,63],{"class":62},[52,66976,3063],{"class":66},[52,66978,71],{"class":70},[52,66980,221],{"class":74},[52,66982,71],{"class":70},[52,66984,80],{"class":66},[52,66986,83],{"class":70},[52,66988,9187],{"class":74},[52,66990,71],{"class":70},[52,66992,3076],{"class":66},[52,66994,66995,66997,66999,67001,67003,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,66996,35577],{"class":58},[52,66998,114],{"class":66},[52,67000,53389],{"class":117},[52,67002,138],{"class":66},[52,67004,948],{"class":947},[52,67006,80],{"class":66},[52,67008,83],{"class":70},[52,67010,4204],{"class":74},[52,67012,71],{"class":70},[52,67014,144],{"class":66},[52,67016,67017,67019,67021,67023],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67018,135],{"class":134},[52,67020,138],{"class":66},[52,67022,35577],{"class":117},[52,67024,144],{"class":66},[20,67026,1509],{},[43,67028,67029],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67030,67031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67032,67033,67035,67037,67039,67041,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67034,3344],{"class":66},[52,67036,608],{"class":70},[52,67038,221],{"class":74},[52,67040,608],{"class":70},[52,67042,80],{"class":66},[52,67044,617],{"class":70},[52,67046,4204],{"class":74},[52,67048,608],{"class":70},[52,67050,80],{"class":66},[52,67052,617],{"class":70},[52,67054,9187],{"class":74},[52,67056,608],{"class":70},[52,67058,3076],{"class":66},[699,67060,1174,67062,67064],{"id":67061},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67063,53706],{}," to replace an item",[20,67066,67067,67069],{},[15,67068,53706],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[43,67071,67073],{"className":45,"code":67072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67074,67075,67095,67113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67076,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67078,940],{"class":58},[52,67080,63],{"class":62},[52,67082,3063],{"class":66},[52,67084,948],{"class":947},[52,67086,80],{"class":66},[52,67088,953],{"class":947},[52,67090,80],{"class":66},[52,67092,958],{"class":947},[52,67094,3076],{"class":66},[52,67096,67097,67099,67101,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67098,1037],{"class":58},[52,67100,114],{"class":66},[52,67102,53389],{"class":117},[52,67104,138],{"class":66},[52,67106,948],{"class":947},[52,67108,80],{"class":66},[52,67110,9645],{"class":947},[52,67112,144],{"class":66},[52,67114,67115,67117,67119,67121],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67116,135],{"class":134},[52,67118,138],{"class":66},[52,67120,1037],{"class":117},[52,67122,144],{"class":66},[20,67124,1509],{},[43,67126,67128],{"className":45,"code":67127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67129,67130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67131,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67133,3344],{"class":66},[52,67135,948],{"class":947},[52,67137,80],{"class":66},[52,67139,9645],{"class":947},[52,67141,80],{"class":66},[52,67143,953],{"class":947},[52,67145,80],{"class":66},[52,67147,958],{"class":947},[52,67149,3076],{"class":66},[20,67151,67152],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[43,67154,67156],{"className":45,"code":67155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67157,67158,67178,67192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67159,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172,67174,67176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67161,940],{"class":58},[52,67163,63],{"class":62},[52,67165,3063],{"class":66},[52,67167,948],{"class":947},[52,67169,80],{"class":66},[52,67171,953],{"class":947},[52,67173,80],{"class":66},[52,67175,958],{"class":947},[52,67177,3076],{"class":66},[52,67179,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67181,1037],{"class":58},[52,67183,3344],{"class":66},[52,67185,948],{"class":947},[52,67187,12712],{"class":66},[52,67189,12715],{"class":62},[52,67191,13570],{"class":947},[52,67193,67194,67196,67198,67200],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67195,135],{"class":134},[52,67197,138],{"class":66},[52,67199,1037],{"class":117},[52,67201,144],{"class":66},[20,67203,1509],{},[43,67205,67207],{"className":45,"code":67206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67208,67209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67210,67211,67213,67215,67217,67219,67221,67223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67212,3344],{"class":66},[52,67214,948],{"class":947},[52,67216,80],{"class":66},[52,67218,9645],{"class":947},[52,67220,80],{"class":66},[52,67222,958],{"class":947},[52,67224,3076],{"class":66},[699,67226,67228],{"id":67227},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67230,67231,67233],{},[15,67232,53706],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67235,67236],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[43,67238,67240],{"className":45,"code":67239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67241,67242,67258,67282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67243,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252,67254,67256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67245,940],{"class":58},[52,67247,63],{"class":62},[52,67249,3063],{"class":66},[52,67251,948],{"class":947},[52,67253,80],{"class":66},[52,67255,1896],{"class":947},[52,67257,3076],{"class":66},[52,67259,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276,67278,67280],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67261,1037],{"class":58},[52,67263,114],{"class":66},[52,67265,53389],{"class":117},[52,67267,138],{"class":66},[52,67269,948],{"class":947},[52,67271,80],{"class":66},[52,67273,3063],{"class":66},[52,67275,1047],{"class":947},[52,67277,80],{"class":66},[52,67279,958],{"class":947},[52,67281,3332],{"class":66},[52,67283,67284,67286,67288,67290],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67285,135],{"class":134},[52,67287,138],{"class":66},[52,67289,1037],{"class":117},[52,67291,144],{"class":66},[20,67293,1509],{},[43,67295,67297],{"className":45,"code":67296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67298,67299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67300,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67302,3344],{"class":66},[52,67304,948],{"class":947},[52,67306,80],{"class":66},[52,67308,3063],{"class":66},[52,67310,1047],{"class":947},[52,67312,80],{"class":66},[52,67314,958],{"class":947},[52,67316,17501],{"class":66},[52,67318,1896],{"class":947},[52,67320,3076],{"class":66},[20,67322,67323,67324,114],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[221,67325,54956,67326,1070],{"href":52782},[15,67327,52884],{},[699,67329,67331],{"id":67330},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67333,8322,67334,67336],{},[15,67335,53706],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[43,67338,67340],{"className":45,"code":67339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67341,67342,67352,67366,67384,67398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67343,67344,67346,67348,67350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67345,135],{"class":134},[52,67347,138],{"class":66},[52,67349,7786],{"class":117},[52,67351,144],{"class":66},[52,67353,67354,67356,67358,67360,67362,67364],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67355,135],{"class":134},[52,67357,138],{"class":66},[52,67359,1215],{"class":134},[52,67361,138],{"class":66},[52,67363,7786],{"class":117},[52,67365,1222],{"class":66},[52,67367,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67369,135],{"class":134},[52,67371,138],{"class":66},[52,67373,7786],{"class":117},[52,67375,114],{"class":66},[52,67377,53389],{"class":24190},[52,67379,114],{"class":66},[52,67381,33878],{"class":33885},[52,67383,144],{"class":66},[52,67385,67386,67388,67390,67392,67394,67396],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67387,31583],{"class":134},[52,67389,138],{"class":66},[52,67391,7540],{"class":600},[52,67393,114],{"class":66},[52,67395,53389],{"class":24190},[52,67397,144],{"class":66},[52,67399,67400,67402,67404,67406],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,67401,1231],{"class":600},[52,67403,138],{"class":66},[52,67405,7786],{"class":117},[52,67407,144],{"class":66},[20,67409,67410],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[163,67412,67413,67416,67419,67422],{},[166,67414,67415],{},"What is currently in the list",[166,67417,67418],{},"How long the list is",[166,67420,67421],{},"That you are working with a real list",[166,67423,67424],{},"How Python describes the method",[38,67426,894,67428],{"id":67427},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67429,53706],{},[20,67431,799,67432,67434],{},[15,67433,53706],{}," when position matters.",[20,67436,35858],{},[163,67438,67439,67442,67445,67448],{},[166,67440,67441],{},"Ordered menus",[166,67443,67444],{},"Rankings or score lists",[166,67446,67447],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[166,67449,67450],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67452,67453,67454,67456,67457,67459,67460,67462],{},"You usually do ",[30,67455,32],{}," need ",[15,67458,53706],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67461,52090],{}," is simpler.",[20,67464,67465,67466,114],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[221,67467,56590],{"href":56589},[38,67469,1273],{"id":1272},[699,67471,1277,67473,54906],{"id":67472},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67474,53349],{},[20,67476,67477,67478,114],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67479,3220],{},[699,67481,67483],{"id":67482},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67485,67486],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[699,67488,4614,67490,67492],{"id":67489},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67491,53349],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67494,67495,67496,67498],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67497,52884],{}," or slicing.",[699,67500,4624,67502,803,67504,1293],{"id":67501},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67503,53706],{},[15,67505,52090],{},[20,67507,67508,67510,67511,67513],{},[15,67509,53706],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67512,52090],{}," adds only at the end.",[38,67515,1332],{"id":1331},[163,67517,67518,67524,67530,67534,67538,67542],{},[166,67519,67520],{},[221,67521,54956,67522,1070],{"href":56204},[15,67523,52090],{},[166,67525,67526],{},[221,67527,54956,67528,1070],{"href":52782},[15,67529,52884],{},[166,67531,67532],{},[221,67533,53716],{"href":52486},[166,67535,67536],{},[221,67537,52209],{"href":50416},[166,67539,67540],{},[221,67541,56664],{"href":56589},[166,67543,67544],{},[221,67545,29777,67546,33065],{"href":53734},[15,67547,67548],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1364,67550,67551],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":67553},[67554,67556,67557,67558,67564,67571,67580,67582,67591],{"id":65739,"depth":103,"text":67555},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4876,"depth":103,"text":4877},{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":66111,"depth":103,"text":66112,"children":67559},[67560,67561,67562,67563],{"id":66123,"depth":124,"text":66124},{"id":66214,"depth":124,"text":66215},{"id":66300,"depth":124,"text":66301},{"id":66386,"depth":124,"text":66387},{"id":66516,"depth":103,"text":67565,"children":67566},"insert() vs append()",[67567,67569],{"id":66526,"depth":124,"text":67568},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66539,"depth":124,"text":67570},"Use append() when:",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":67572},[67573,67575,67576,67578,67579],{"id":66740,"depth":124,"text":67574},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66910,"depth":124,"text":66911},{"id":67061,"depth":124,"text":67577},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67227,"depth":124,"text":67228},{"id":67330,"depth":124,"text":67331},{"id":67427,"depth":103,"text":67581},"When to use insert()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":67583},[67584,67586,67587,67589],{"id":67472,"depth":124,"text":67585},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67482,"depth":124,"text":67483},{"id":67489,"depth":124,"text":67588},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67501,"depth":124,"text":67590},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65649,"description":67592},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67599,"title":67600,"body":67601,"description":69156,"extension":1401,"meta":69157,"navigation":127,"path":58408,"seo":69158,"stem":69159,"__hash__":69160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67602,"toc":69129},[67603,67609,67618,67667,67669,67677,67683,67685,67703,67709,67714,67717,67720,67735,67737,67789,67791,67799,67807,67814,67816,67822,67887,67889,67897,67899,67918,67921,67972,67976,67981,68008,68010,68018,68021,68090,68092,68107,68113,68117,68126,68129,68184,68186,68194,68197,68199,68244,68246,68254,68260,68262,68270,68273,68275,68314,68316,68355,68360,68362,68364,68399,68402,68404,68442,68446,68452,68454,68505,68507,68515,68522,68525,68546,68549,68604,68615,68617,68678,68680,68689,68696,68702,68705,68708,68765,68768,68781,68788,68794,68800,68802,68815,68818,68915,68917,68934,68937,69019,69021,69043,69050,69056,69058,69062,69068,69074,69079,69083,69086,69092,69099,69101,69126],[10,67604,67606,67607,3102],{"id":67605},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67608,1215],{},[20,67610,67611,67612,67614,67615,67617],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67613,41795],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67616,41795],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[43,67619,67621],{"className":45,"code":67620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67622,67623,67643,67657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67624,67625,67627,67629,67631,67633,67635,67637,67639,67641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67626,940],{"class":58},[52,67628,63],{"class":62},[52,67630,3063],{"class":66},[52,67632,1770],{"class":947},[52,67634,80],{"class":66},[52,67636,7237],{"class":947},[52,67638,80],{"class":66},[52,67640,7242],{"class":947},[52,67642,3076],{"class":66},[52,67644,67645,67647,67649,67651,67653,67655],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67646,40675],{"class":58},[52,67648,63],{"class":62},[52,67650,37819],{"class":134},[52,67652,138],{"class":66},[52,67654,1037],{"class":117},[52,67656,144],{"class":66},[52,67658,67659,67661,67663,67665],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67660,135],{"class":134},[52,67662,138],{"class":66},[52,67664,40693],{"class":117},[52,67666,144],{"class":66},[20,67668,1509],{},[43,67670,67671],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67672,67673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67674,67675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67676,46052],{"class":947},[20,67678,799,67679,67682],{},[15,67680,67681],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[38,67684,14603],{"id":14602},[163,67686,67687,67692,67697,67700],{},[166,67688,3641,67689,67691],{},[15,67690,41795],{}," works with Python lists",[166,67693,67694,67695,11148],{},"What value ",[15,67696,41795],{},[166,67698,67699],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[166,67701,67702],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[38,67704,194,67706,67708],{"id":67705},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67707,41795],{}," returns for a list",[20,67710,67711,64521],{},[15,67712,67713],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67715,67716],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67718,67719],{},"A few important points:",[163,67721,67722,67725,67730],{},[166,67723,67724],{},"It counts list items",[166,67726,40339,67727,67729],{},[30,67728,32],{}," count characters inside a string item",[166,67731,67732,67733],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67734,1558],{},[20,67736,267],{},[43,67738,67740],{"className":45,"code":67739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67741,67742,67775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67743,67744,67746,67748,67750,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67763,67765,67767,67769,67771,67773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67745,3515],{"class":58},[52,67747,63],{"class":62},[52,67749,3063],{"class":66},[52,67751,71],{"class":70},[52,67753,488],{"class":74},[52,67755,71],{"class":70},[52,67757,80],{"class":66},[52,67759,83],{"class":70},[52,67761,67762],{"class":74},"elephant",[52,67764,71],{"class":70},[52,67766,80],{"class":66},[52,67768,83],{"class":70},[52,67770,497],{"class":74},[52,67772,71],{"class":70},[52,67774,3076],{"class":66},[52,67776,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67778,135],{"class":134},[52,67780,138],{"class":66},[52,67782,1215],{"class":134},[52,67784,138],{"class":66},[52,67786,3556],{"class":117},[52,67788,1222],{"class":66},[20,67790,1509],{},[43,67792,67793],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67794,67795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67796,67797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67798,46052],{"class":947},[20,67800,20417,67801,67804,67805,64528],{},[15,67802,67803],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,67806,52094],{},[20,67808,67809,67810,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[221,67811,3015,67812,2948],{"href":41792},[15,67813,41795],{},[38,67815,5234],{"id":5233},[20,67817,67818,67819,67821],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67820,41795],{},", and print the result.",[43,67823,67825],{"className":45,"code":67824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67826,67827,67859,67873,67877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67828,67829,67831,67833,67835,67837,67839,67841,67843,67845,67847,67849,67851,67853,67855,67857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67830,277],{"class":58},[52,67832,63],{"class":62},[52,67834,3063],{"class":66},[52,67836,71],{"class":70},[52,67838,286],{"class":74},[52,67840,71],{"class":70},[52,67842,80],{"class":66},[52,67844,83],{"class":70},[52,67846,304],{"class":74},[52,67848,71],{"class":70},[52,67850,80],{"class":66},[52,67852,83],{"class":70},[52,67854,295],{"class":74},[52,67856,71],{"class":70},[52,67858,3076],{"class":66},[52,67860,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67862,40675],{"class":58},[52,67864,63],{"class":62},[52,67866,37819],{"class":134},[52,67868,138],{"class":66},[52,67870,348],{"class":117},[52,67872,144],{"class":66},[52,67874,67875],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,67876,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,67878,67879,67881,67883,67885],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,67880,135],{"class":134},[52,67882,138],{"class":66},[52,67884,40693],{"class":117},[52,67886,144],{"class":66},[20,67888,1509],{},[43,67890,67891],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67892,67893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67894,67895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67896,46052],{"class":947},[20,67898,11126],{},[163,67900,67901,67906,67913],{},[166,67902,67903,67905],{},[15,67904,348],{}," is a list with 3 items",[166,67907,67908,1837,67911],{},[15,67909,67910],{},"len(colors)",[15,67912,1500],{},[166,67914,67915,67916],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67917,40693],{},[20,67919,67920],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[43,67922,67924],{"className":45,"code":67923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67925,67926,67958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67927,67928,67930,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67929,277],{"class":58},[52,67931,63],{"class":62},[52,67933,3063],{"class":66},[52,67935,71],{"class":70},[52,67937,286],{"class":74},[52,67939,71],{"class":70},[52,67941,80],{"class":66},[52,67943,83],{"class":70},[52,67945,304],{"class":74},[52,67947,71],{"class":70},[52,67949,80],{"class":66},[52,67951,83],{"class":70},[52,67953,295],{"class":74},[52,67955,71],{"class":70},[52,67957,3076],{"class":66},[52,67959,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968,67970],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67961,135],{"class":134},[52,67963,138],{"class":66},[52,67965,1215],{"class":134},[52,67967,138],{"class":66},[52,67969,348],{"class":117},[52,67971,1222],{"class":66},[38,67973,67975],{"id":67974},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67977,67978,67979,114],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67980,1558],{},[43,67982,67984],{"className":45,"code":67983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67985,67986,67994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67987,67988,67990,67992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67989,59],{"class":58},[52,67991,63],{"class":62},[52,67993,7285],{"class":66},[52,67995,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,67997,135],{"class":134},[52,67999,138],{"class":66},[52,68001,1215],{"class":134},[52,68003,138],{"class":66},[52,68005,154],{"class":117},[52,68007,1222],{"class":66},[20,68009,1509],{},[43,68011,68012],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68013,68014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68015,68016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68017,46687],{"class":947},[20,68019,68020],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[43,68022,68024],{"className":45,"code":68023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68025,68026,68034,68038,68056,68070,68076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68027,68028,68030,68032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68029,59],{"class":58},[52,68031,63],{"class":62},[52,68033,7285],{"class":66},[52,68035,68036],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68037,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,68039,68040,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050,68052,68054],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,68041,732],{"class":731},[52,68043,37819],{"class":134},[52,68045,138],{"class":66},[52,68047,154],{"class":117},[52,68049,3102],{"class":66},[52,68051,37829],{"class":62},[52,68053,3276],{"class":947},[52,68055,737],{"class":66},[52,68057,68058,68060,68062,68064,68066,68068],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68059,757],{"class":134},[52,68061,138],{"class":66},[52,68063,154],{"class":117},[52,68065,3344],{"class":66},[52,68067,1558],{"class":947},[52,68069,3332],{"class":66},[52,68071,68072,68074],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,68073,777],{"class":731},[52,68075,737],{"class":66},[52,68077,68078,68080,68082,68084,68086,68088],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,68079,757],{"class":134},[52,68081,138],{"class":66},[52,68083,71],{"class":70},[52,68085,51253],{"class":74},[52,68087,71],{"class":70},[52,68089,144],{"class":66},[20,68091,1509],{},[43,68093,68095],{"className":45,"code":68094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is empty\n",[15,68096,68097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68098,68099,68101,68103,68105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68100,1418],{"class":58},[52,68102,7540],{"class":600},[52,68104,7543],{"class":62},[52,68106,7549],{"class":58},[20,68108,68109,68110,68112],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[221,68111,52209],{"href":50416}," is a good next step.",[38,68114,68116],{"id":68115},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68118,68119,68121,68122,68125],{},[15,68120,41795],{}," counts only the ",[30,68123,68124],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68127,68128],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[43,68130,68132],{"className":45,"code":68131,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68133,68134,68170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68135,68136,68138,68140,68142,68144,68146,68148,68150,68152,68154,68156,68158,68160,68162,68164,68166,68168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68137,8613],{"class":58},[52,68139,63],{"class":62},[52,68141,55729],{"class":66},[52,68143,948],{"class":947},[52,68145,80],{"class":66},[52,68147,953],{"class":947},[52,68149,17501],{"class":66},[52,68151,3063],{"class":66},[52,68153,1500],{"class":947},[52,68155,80],{"class":66},[52,68157,1896],{"class":947},[52,68159,17501],{"class":66},[52,68161,3063],{"class":66},[52,68163,1131],{"class":947},[52,68165,80],{"class":66},[52,68167,37076],{"class":947},[52,68169,52680],{"class":66},[52,68171,68172,68174,68176,68178,68180,68182],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68173,135],{"class":134},[52,68175,138],{"class":66},[52,68177,1215],{"class":134},[52,68179,138],{"class":66},[52,68181,8652],{"class":117},[52,68183,1222],{"class":66},[20,68185,1509],{},[43,68187,68188],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68189,68190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68191,68192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68193,46052],{"class":947},[20,68195,68196],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68198,51517],{},[43,68200,68202],{"className":45,"code":68201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68203,68204,68230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68205,68206,68208,68210,68212,68214,68216,68218,68220,68222,68224,68226,68228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68207,58908],{"class":58},[52,68209,63],{"class":62},[52,68211,3063],{"class":66},[52,68213,948],{"class":947},[52,68215,80],{"class":66},[52,68217,3063],{"class":66},[52,68219,1047],{"class":947},[52,68221,80],{"class":66},[52,68223,958],{"class":947},[52,68225,17501],{"class":66},[52,68227,1896],{"class":947},[52,68229,3076],{"class":66},[52,68231,68232,68234,68236,68238,68240,68242],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68233,135],{"class":134},[52,68235,138],{"class":66},[52,68237,1215],{"class":134},[52,68239,138],{"class":66},[52,68241,58961],{"class":117},[52,68243,1222],{"class":66},[20,68245,1509],{},[43,68247,68248],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68249,68250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68251,68252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68253,46052],{"class":947},[20,68255,20417,68256,68259],{},[15,68257,68258],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[38,68261,3961],{"id":3960},[699,68263,1185,68265,1326,68268],{"id":68264},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68266,68267],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68269,67713],{},[20,68271,68272],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68274,16083],{},[43,68276,68278],{"className":45,"code":68277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68279,68280,68300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68281,68282,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294,68296,68298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68283,940],{"class":58},[52,68285,63],{"class":62},[52,68287,3063],{"class":66},[52,68289,1770],{"class":947},[52,68291,80],{"class":66},[52,68293,7237],{"class":947},[52,68295,80],{"class":66},[52,68297,7242],{"class":947},[52,68299,3076],{"class":66},[52,68301,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310,68312],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68303,135],{"class":134},[52,68305,138],{"class":66},[52,68307,1037],{"class":117},[52,68309,114],{"class":66},[52,68311,1215],{"class":117},[52,68313,6640],{"class":66},[20,68315,16095],{},[43,68317,68319],{"className":45,"code":68318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68320,68321,68341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68322,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68324,940],{"class":58},[52,68326,63],{"class":62},[52,68328,3063],{"class":66},[52,68330,1770],{"class":947},[52,68332,80],{"class":66},[52,68334,7237],{"class":947},[52,68336,80],{"class":66},[52,68338,7242],{"class":947},[52,68340,3076],{"class":66},[52,68342,68343,68345,68347,68349,68351,68353],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68344,135],{"class":134},[52,68346,138],{"class":66},[52,68348,1215],{"class":134},[52,68350,138],{"class":66},[52,68352,1037],{"class":117},[52,68354,1222],{"class":66},[20,68356,68357,68359],{},[15,68358,41795],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[699,68361,25128],{"id":25127},[20,68363,16083],{},[43,68365,68367],{"className":45,"code":68366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68368,68369,68389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68370,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68372,940],{"class":58},[52,68374,63],{"class":62},[52,68376,3063],{"class":66},[52,68378,1770],{"class":947},[52,68380,80],{"class":66},[52,68382,7237],{"class":947},[52,68384,80],{"class":66},[52,68386,7242],{"class":947},[52,68388,3076],{"class":66},[52,68390,68391,68393,68395,68397],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68392,135],{"class":134},[52,68394,138],{"class":66},[52,68396,1215],{"class":134},[52,68398,144],{"class":66},[20,68400,68401],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68403,16095],{},[43,68405,68406],{"className":45,"code":68318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68407,68408,68428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68409,68410,68412,68414,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68411,940],{"class":58},[52,68413,63],{"class":62},[52,68415,3063],{"class":66},[52,68417,1770],{"class":947},[52,68419,80],{"class":66},[52,68421,7237],{"class":947},[52,68423,80],{"class":66},[52,68425,7242],{"class":947},[52,68427,3076],{"class":66},[52,68429,68430,68432,68434,68436,68438,68440],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68431,135],{"class":134},[52,68433,138],{"class":66},[52,68435,1215],{"class":134},[52,68437,138],{"class":66},[52,68439,1037],{"class":117},[52,68441,1222],{"class":66},[699,68443,68445],{"id":68444},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68447,68448,68449,68451],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,68450,32],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68453,267],{},[43,68455,68457],{"className":45,"code":68456,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68458,68459,68491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68460,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68462,35524],{"class":58},[52,68464,63],{"class":62},[52,68466,3063],{"class":66},[52,68468,71],{"class":70},[52,68470,221],{"class":74},[52,68472,71],{"class":70},[52,68474,80],{"class":66},[52,68476,83],{"class":70},[52,68478,4204],{"class":74},[52,68480,71],{"class":70},[52,68482,80],{"class":66},[52,68484,83],{"class":70},[52,68486,9187],{"class":74},[52,68488,71],{"class":70},[52,68490,3076],{"class":66},[52,68492,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68494,135],{"class":134},[52,68496,138],{"class":66},[52,68498,1215],{"class":134},[52,68500,138],{"class":66},[52,68502,35577],{"class":117},[52,68504,1222],{"class":66},[20,68506,1509],{},[43,68508,68509],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68510,68511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68512,68513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68514,46052],{"class":947},[20,68516,68517,68518,18403,68520,114],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68519,1047],{},[15,68521,1500],{},[20,68523,68524],{},"Indexes are:",[163,68526,68527,68534,68540],{},[166,68528,68529,68531,68532],{},[15,68530,1558],{}," for ",[15,68533,17535],{},[166,68535,68536,68531,68538],{},[15,68537,948],{},[15,68539,65031],{},[166,68541,68542,68531,68544],{},[15,68543,1047],{},[15,68545,65917],{},[20,68547,68548],{},"So this causes an error:",[43,68550,68552],{"className":45,"code":68551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68553,68554,68586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68555,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568,68570,68572,68574,68576,68578,68580,68582,68584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68557,35524],{"class":58},[52,68559,63],{"class":62},[52,68561,3063],{"class":66},[52,68563,71],{"class":70},[52,68565,221],{"class":74},[52,68567,71],{"class":70},[52,68569,80],{"class":66},[52,68571,83],{"class":70},[52,68573,4204],{"class":74},[52,68575,71],{"class":70},[52,68577,80],{"class":66},[52,68579,83],{"class":70},[52,68581,9187],{"class":74},[52,68583,71],{"class":70},[52,68585,3076],{"class":66},[52,68587,68588,68590,68592,68594,68596,68598,68600,68602],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68589,135],{"class":134},[52,68591,138],{"class":66},[52,68593,35577],{"class":117},[52,68595,3344],{"class":66},[52,68597,1215],{"class":134},[52,68599,138],{"class":66},[52,68601,35577],{"class":117},[52,68603,10124],{"class":66},[20,68605,7942,68606,4227,68609,68611,68612,68614],{},[15,68607,68608],{},"len(letters)",[15,68610,1500],{},", and index ",[15,68613,1500],{}," does not exist.",[20,68616,18280],{},[43,68618,68620],{"className":45,"code":68619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68621,68622,68654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68623,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68625,35524],{"class":58},[52,68627,63],{"class":62},[52,68629,3063],{"class":66},[52,68631,71],{"class":70},[52,68633,221],{"class":74},[52,68635,71],{"class":70},[52,68637,80],{"class":66},[52,68639,83],{"class":70},[52,68641,4204],{"class":74},[52,68643,71],{"class":70},[52,68645,80],{"class":66},[52,68647,83],{"class":70},[52,68649,9187],{"class":74},[52,68651,71],{"class":70},[52,68653,3076],{"class":66},[52,68655,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672,68674,68676],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68657,135],{"class":134},[52,68659,138],{"class":66},[52,68661,35577],{"class":117},[52,68663,3344],{"class":66},[52,68665,1215],{"class":134},[52,68667,138],{"class":66},[52,68669,35577],{"class":117},[52,68671,3102],{"class":66},[52,68673,1660],{"class":62},[52,68675,4944],{"class":947},[52,68677,3332],{"class":66},[20,68679,1509],{},[43,68681,68683],{"className":45,"code":68682,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"c\n",[15,68684,68685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68686,68687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68688,68682],{"class":58},[20,68690,68691,68692,114],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[221,68693,68695],{"href":68694},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[699,68697,1185,68699,68701],{"id":68698},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68700,41795],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68703,68704],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68706,68707],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[43,68709,68711],{"className":45,"code":68710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68712,68713,68723,68737,68751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68716,135],{"class":134},[52,68718,138],{"class":66},[52,68720,7786],{"class":117},[52,68722,144],{"class":66},[52,68724,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68726,135],{"class":134},[52,68728,138],{"class":66},[52,68730,1215],{"class":134},[52,68732,138],{"class":66},[52,68734,7786],{"class":117},[52,68736,1222],{"class":66},[52,68738,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,68740,135],{"class":134},[52,68742,138],{"class":66},[52,68744,1231],{"class":600},[52,68746,138],{"class":66},[52,68748,7786],{"class":117},[52,68750,1222],{"class":66},[52,68752,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68754,135],{"class":134},[52,68756,138],{"class":66},[52,68758,7786],{"class":117},[52,68760,3344],{"class":66},[52,68762,1558],{"class":947},[52,68764,3332],{"class":66},[20,68766,68767],{},"These help you verify:",[163,68769,68770,68773,68775,68778],{},[166,68771,68772],{},"what the variable contains",[166,68774,60220],{},[166,68776,68777],{},"whether it is really a list",[166,68779,68780],{},"what the first item is",[20,68782,68783,68784,68787],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68785,68786],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[38,68789,894,68791,68793],{"id":68790},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68792,41795],{}," with lists",[20,68795,68796,68797,68799],{},"You will often use ",[15,68798,41795],{}," in real programs.",[20,68801,8821],{},[163,68803,68804,68806,68809,68812],{},[166,68805,51207],{},[166,68807,68808],{},"Control loops",[166,68810,68811],{},"Validate input or results",[166,68813,68814],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68816,68817],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[43,68819,68821],{"className":45,"code":68820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68822,68823,68843,68859,68863,68877,68891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68824,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835,68837,68839,68841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68826,1993],{"class":58},[52,68828,63],{"class":62},[52,68830,3063],{"class":66},[52,68832,948],{"class":947},[52,68834,80],{"class":66},[52,68836,953],{"class":947},[52,68838,80],{"class":66},[52,68840,958],{"class":947},[52,68842,3076],{"class":66},[52,68844,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68846,2021],{"class":58},[52,68848,63],{"class":62},[52,68850,3063],{"class":66},[52,68852,1770],{"class":947},[52,68854,80],{"class":66},[52,68856,7237],{"class":947},[52,68858,3076],{"class":66},[52,68860,68861],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,68862,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,68864,68865,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,68866,135],{"class":134},[52,68868,138],{"class":66},[52,68870,1215],{"class":134},[52,68872,138],{"class":66},[52,68874,221],{"class":117},[52,68876,1222],{"class":66},[52,68878,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,68880,135],{"class":134},[52,68882,138],{"class":66},[52,68884,1215],{"class":134},[52,68886,138],{"class":66},[52,68888,4204],{"class":117},[52,68890,1222],{"class":66},[52,68892,68893,68895,68897,68899,68901,68903,68905,68907,68909,68911,68913],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,68894,135],{"class":134},[52,68896,138],{"class":66},[52,68898,1215],{"class":134},[52,68900,138],{"class":66},[52,68902,221],{"class":117},[52,68904,3102],{"class":66},[52,68906,37829],{"class":62},[52,68908,37819],{"class":134},[52,68910,138],{"class":66},[52,68912,4204],{"class":117},[52,68914,1222],{"class":66},[20,68916,1509],{},[43,68918,68920],{"className":45,"code":68919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68921,68922,68926,68930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68923,68924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68925,46052],{"class":947},[52,68927,68928],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68929,16496],{"class":947},[52,68931,68932],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,68933,3424],{"class":3295},[20,68935,68936],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[43,68938,68940],{"className":45,"code":68939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68941,68942,68974,68978,69000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68943,68944,68946,68948,68950,68952,68954,68956,68958,68960,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68945,4438],{"class":58},[52,68947,63],{"class":62},[52,68949,3063],{"class":66},[52,68951,71],{"class":70},[52,68953,12323],{"class":74},[52,68955,71],{"class":70},[52,68957,80],{"class":66},[52,68959,83],{"class":70},[52,68961,35374],{"class":74},[52,68963,71],{"class":70},[52,68965,80],{"class":66},[52,68967,83],{"class":70},[52,68969,35383],{"class":74},[52,68971,71],{"class":70},[52,68973,3076],{"class":66},[52,68975,68976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,68977,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,68979,68980,68982,68985,68987,68989,68991,68993,68995,68997],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,68981,5405],{"class":731},[52,68983,68984],{"class":58}," i ",[52,68986,3326],{"class":731},[52,68988,53508],{"class":134},[52,68990,138],{"class":66},[52,68992,1215],{"class":134},[52,68994,138],{"class":66},[52,68996,4482],{"class":117},[52,68998,68999],{"class":66},")):\n",[52,69001,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69013,69015,69017],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69003,757],{"class":134},[52,69005,138],{"class":66},[52,69007,35588],{"class":117},[52,69009,80],{"class":66},[52,69011,69012],{"class":117}," names",[52,69014,3344],{"class":66},[52,69016,35588],{"class":117},[52,69018,3332],{"class":66},[20,69020,1509],{},[43,69022,69023],{"className":45,"code":35432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69024,69025,69031,69037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69026,69027,69029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69028,1558],{"class":947},[52,69030,35441],{"class":58},[52,69032,69033,69035],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69034,948],{"class":947},[52,69036,35448],{"class":58},[52,69038,69039,69041],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69040,1047],{"class":947},[52,69042,35455],{"class":58},[20,69044,69045,69046,114],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[221,69047,69049],{"href":69048},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69051,69052,69053,69055],{},"You can also read ",[221,69054,50984],{"href":50983}," for a task-focused guide.",[38,69057,1273],{"id":1272},[699,69059,69061],{"id":69060},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69063,799,69064,69067],{},[15,69065,69066],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[699,69069,4586,69071,12159],{"id":69070},"what-does-len-return",[15,69072,69073],{},"len([])",[20,69075,4592,69076,69078],{},[15,69077,1558],{}," because the list is empty.",[699,69080,69082],{"id":69081},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69084,69085],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[699,69087,27767,69089,69091],{"id":69088},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69090,68267],{}," in Python?",[20,69093,29700,69094,7669,69096,69098],{},[15,69095,67713],{},[15,69097,41795],{}," is a built-in function.",[38,69100,1332],{"id":1331},[163,69102,69103,69109,69113,69117,69121],{},[166,69104,69105],{},[221,69106,3015,69107,2948],{"href":41792},[15,69108,41795],{},[166,69110,69111],{},[221,69112,52028],{"href":50983},[166,69114,69115],{},[221,69116,52209],{"href":50416},[166,69118,69119],{},[221,69120,68695],{"href":68694},[166,69122,69123],{},[221,69124,69125],{"href":69048},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1364,69127,69128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":69130},[69131,69132,69134,69135,69136,69137,69145,69147,69155],{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":67705,"depth":103,"text":69133},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":67974,"depth":103,"text":67975},{"id":68115,"depth":103,"text":68116},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":69138},[69139,69141,69142,69143],{"id":68264,"depth":124,"text":69140},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25127,"depth":124,"text":25128},{"id":68444,"depth":124,"text":68445},{"id":68698,"depth":124,"text":69144},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68790,"depth":103,"text":69146},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":69148},[69149,69150,69152,69153],{"id":69060,"depth":124,"text":69061},{"id":69070,"depth":124,"text":69151},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69081,"depth":124,"text":69082},{"id":69088,"depth":124,"text":69154},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67600,"description":69156},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69162,"title":69163,"body":69164,"description":71142,"extension":1401,"meta":71143,"navigation":127,"path":71144,"seo":71145,"stem":71146,"__hash__":71147},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69165,"toc":71115},[69166,69169,69174,69177,69185,69198,69200,69265,69267,69289,69294,69298,69303,69311,69313,69323,69325,69404,69406,69436,69438,69457,69462,69479,69481,69565,69567,69597,69602,69606,69612,69696,69698,69728,69731,69735,69738,69829,69831,69869,69872,69957,69959,69989,69995,70002,70006,70011,70020,70022,70107,70109,70138,70141,70149,70153,70157,70166,70189,70191,70213,70215,70229,70231,70291,70295,70300,70339,70341,70358,70360,70370,70469,70474,70478,70483,70526,70528,70556,70558,70572,70647,70649,70671,70675,70678,70683,70694,70699,70707,70710,70781,70783,70808,70865,70867,70888,70897,70905,70910,70912,70916,70937,70940,71015,71018,71032,71039,71041,71045,71051,71055,71065,71069,71076,71080,71085,71087,71112],[10,69167,69163],{"id":69168},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69170,69171,69173],{},[15,69172,54519],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69175,69176],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[163,69178,69179,69182],{},[166,69180,69181],{},"delete an item from a list",[166,69183,69184],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69186,69187,69188,69190,69191,8151,69193,69197],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69189,17],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69192,17],{},[221,69194,69195],{"href":54509},[15,69196,900],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[38,69199,41],{"id":40},[43,69201,69203],{"className":45,"code":69202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69204,69205,69225,69240,69244,69255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69206,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69208,940],{"class":58},[52,69210,63],{"class":62},[52,69212,3063],{"class":66},[52,69214,1770],{"class":947},[52,69216,80],{"class":66},[52,69218,7237],{"class":947},[52,69220,80],{"class":66},[52,69222,7242],{"class":947},[52,69224,3076],{"class":66},[52,69226,69227,69230,69232,69234,69236,69238],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69228,69229],{"class":58},"last_item ",[52,69231,63],{"class":62},[52,69233,970],{"class":58},[52,69235,114],{"class":66},[52,69237,118],{"class":117},[52,69239,121],{"class":66},[52,69241,69242],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69243,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69245,69246,69248,69250,69253],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69247,135],{"class":134},[52,69249,138],{"class":66},[52,69251,69252],{"class":117},"last_item",[52,69254,144],{"class":66},[52,69256,69257,69259,69261,69263],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,69258,135],{"class":134},[52,69260,138],{"class":66},[52,69262,1037],{"class":117},[52,69264,144],{"class":66},[20,69266,1509],{},[43,69268,69270],{"className":45,"code":69269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69271,69272,69277],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69273,69274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69275,69276],{"class":947},"30\n",[52,69278,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69280,3344],{"class":66},[52,69282,1770],{"class":947},[52,69284,80],{"class":66},[52,69286,7237],{"class":947},[52,69288,3076],{"class":66},[20,69290,799,69291,69293],{},[15,69292,17],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[38,69295,69297],{"id":69296},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69299,69300,69302],{},[15,69301,17],{}," has two main jobs:",[163,69304,69305,69308],{},[166,69306,69307],{},"It removes one item from a list",[166,69309,69310],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69312,43085],{},[163,69314,69315,69318,69321],{},[166,69316,69317],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[166,69319,69320],{},"It changes the original list",[166,69322,52183],{},[20,69324,267],{},[43,69326,69328],{"className":45,"code":69327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69329,69330,69362,69366,69380,69384,69394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69331,69332,69334,69336,69338,69340,69342,69344,69346,69348,69350,69352,69354,69356,69358,69360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69333,277],{"class":58},[52,69335,63],{"class":62},[52,69337,3063],{"class":66},[52,69339,71],{"class":70},[52,69341,286],{"class":74},[52,69343,71],{"class":70},[52,69345,80],{"class":66},[52,69347,83],{"class":70},[52,69349,304],{"class":74},[52,69351,71],{"class":70},[52,69353,80],{"class":66},[52,69355,83],{"class":70},[52,69357,295],{"class":74},[52,69359,71],{"class":70},[52,69361,3076],{"class":66},[52,69363,69364],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69365,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69367,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69369,106],{"class":58},[52,69371,63],{"class":62},[52,69373,318],{"class":58},[52,69375,114],{"class":66},[52,69377,118],{"class":117},[52,69379,121],{"class":66},[52,69381,69382],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69383,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69385,69386,69388,69390,69392],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,69387,135],{"class":134},[52,69389,138],{"class":66},[52,69391,141],{"class":117},[52,69393,144],{"class":66},[52,69395,69396,69398,69400,69402],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,69397,135],{"class":134},[52,69399,138],{"class":66},[52,69401,348],{"class":117},[52,69403,144],{"class":66},[20,69405,1509],{},[43,69407,69409],{"className":45,"code":69408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69410,69411,69416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69412,69413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69414,69415],{"class":58},"blue\n",[52,69417,69418,69420,69422,69424,69426,69428,69430,69432,69434],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69419,3344],{"class":66},[52,69421,608],{"class":70},[52,69423,286],{"class":74},[52,69425,608],{"class":70},[52,69427,80],{"class":66},[52,69429,617],{"class":70},[52,69431,304],{"class":74},[52,69433,608],{"class":70},[52,69435,3076],{"class":66},[38,69437,228],{"id":227},[43,69439,69441],{"className":45,"code":69440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69442,69443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69444,69445,69447,69449,69451,69453,69455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69446,7540],{"class":600},[52,69448,114],{"class":66},[52,69450,118],{"class":117},[52,69452,2424],{"class":66},[52,69454,35279],{"class":117},[52,69456,3332],{"class":66},[20,69458,1418,69459,69461],{},[15,69460,35279],{}," is optional.",[163,69463,69464,69470,69476],{},[166,69465,69466,69467,69469],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69468,17],{}," removes the last item",[166,69471,69472,69473,69475],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69474,17],{}," removes the item at that position",[166,69477,69478],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69480,267],{},[43,69482,69484],{"className":45,"code":69483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69485,69486,69518,69522,69541,69545,69555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69487,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69489,35524],{"class":58},[52,69491,63],{"class":62},[52,69493,3063],{"class":66},[52,69495,71],{"class":70},[52,69497,221],{"class":74},[52,69499,71],{"class":70},[52,69501,80],{"class":66},[52,69503,83],{"class":70},[52,69505,4204],{"class":74},[52,69507,71],{"class":70},[52,69509,80],{"class":66},[52,69511,83],{"class":70},[52,69513,9187],{"class":74},[52,69515,71],{"class":70},[52,69517,3076],{"class":66},[52,69519,69520],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69521,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69523,69524,69526,69528,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69525,313],{"class":58},[52,69527,63],{"class":62},[52,69529,69530],{"class":58}," letters",[52,69532,114],{"class":66},[52,69534,118],{"class":117},[52,69536,138],{"class":66},[52,69538,948],{"class":947},[52,69540,144],{"class":66},[52,69542,69543],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69544,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69546,69547,69549,69551,69553],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,69548,135],{"class":134},[52,69550,138],{"class":66},[52,69552,337],{"class":117},[52,69554,144],{"class":66},[52,69556,69557,69559,69561,69563],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,69558,135],{"class":134},[52,69560,138],{"class":66},[52,69562,35577],{"class":117},[52,69564,144],{"class":66},[20,69566,1509],{},[43,69568,69570],{"className":45,"code":69569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69571,69572,69577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69573,69574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69575,69576],{"class":58},"b\n",[52,69578,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69580,3344],{"class":66},[52,69582,608],{"class":70},[52,69584,221],{"class":74},[52,69586,608],{"class":70},[52,69588,80],{"class":66},[52,69590,617],{"class":70},[52,69592,9187],{"class":74},[52,69594,608],{"class":70},[52,69596,3076],{"class":66},[20,69598,69599,69600,114],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[221,69601,52209],{"href":50416},[38,69603,69605],{"id":69604},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69607,69608,69609,69611],{},"When you call ",[15,69610,17],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[43,69613,69615],{"className":45,"code":69614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69616,69617,69652,69656,69671,69675,69686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69618,69619,69621,69623,69625,69627,69630,69632,69634,69636,69639,69641,69643,69645,69648,69650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69620,29328],{"class":58},[52,69622,63],{"class":62},[52,69624,3063],{"class":66},[52,69626,71],{"class":70},[52,69628,69629],{"class":74},"write",[52,69631,71],{"class":70},[52,69633,80],{"class":66},[52,69635,83],{"class":70},[52,69637,69638],{"class":74},"test",[52,69640,71],{"class":70},[52,69642,80],{"class":66},[52,69644,83],{"class":70},[52,69646,69647],{"class":74},"submit",[52,69649,71],{"class":70},[52,69651,3076],{"class":66},[52,69653,69654],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69655,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69657,69658,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69659,69660],{"class":58},"last_task ",[52,69662,63],{"class":62},[52,69664,29406],{"class":58},[52,69666,114],{"class":66},[52,69668,118],{"class":117},[52,69670,121],{"class":66},[52,69672,69673],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69674,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69676,69677,69679,69681,69684],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,69678,135],{"class":134},[52,69680,138],{"class":66},[52,69682,69683],{"class":117},"last_task",[52,69685,144],{"class":66},[52,69687,69688,69690,69692,69694],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,69689,135],{"class":134},[52,69691,138],{"class":66},[52,69693,35938],{"class":117},[52,69695,144],{"class":66},[20,69697,1509],{},[43,69699,69701],{"className":45,"code":69700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69702,69703,69708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69704,69705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69706,69707],{"class":58},"submit\n",[52,69709,69710,69712,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69711,3344],{"class":66},[52,69713,608],{"class":70},[52,69715,69629],{"class":74},[52,69717,608],{"class":70},[52,69719,80],{"class":66},[52,69721,617],{"class":70},[52,69723,69638],{"class":74},[52,69725,608],{"class":70},[52,69727,3076],{"class":66},[20,69729,69730],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[38,69732,69734],{"id":69733},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69736,69737],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[43,69739,69741],{"className":45,"code":69740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69742,69743,69783,69787,69805,69809,69819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69744,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755,69757,69759,69761,69763,69765,69767,69769,69771,69773,69775,69777,69779,69781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69746,393],{"class":58},[52,69748,63],{"class":62},[52,69750,3063],{"class":66},[52,69752,71],{"class":70},[52,69754,75],{"class":74},[52,69756,71],{"class":70},[52,69758,80],{"class":66},[52,69760,83],{"class":70},[52,69762,86],{"class":74},[52,69764,71],{"class":70},[52,69766,80],{"class":66},[52,69768,83],{"class":70},[52,69770,95],{"class":74},[52,69772,71],{"class":70},[52,69774,80],{"class":66},[52,69776,83],{"class":70},[52,69778,32652],{"class":74},[52,69780,71],{"class":70},[52,69782,3076],{"class":66},[52,69784,69785],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69786,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69788,69789,69791,69793,69795,69797,69799,69801,69803],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69790,106],{"class":58},[52,69792,63],{"class":62},[52,69794,52289],{"class":58},[52,69796,114],{"class":66},[52,69798,118],{"class":117},[52,69800,138],{"class":66},[52,69802,948],{"class":947},[52,69804,144],{"class":66},[52,69806,69807],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69808,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69810,69811,69813,69815,69817],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,69812,135],{"class":134},[52,69814,138],{"class":66},[52,69816,141],{"class":117},[52,69818,144],{"class":66},[52,69820,69821,69823,69825,69827],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,69822,135],{"class":134},[52,69824,138],{"class":66},[52,69826,426],{"class":117},[52,69828,144],{"class":66},[20,69830,1509],{},[43,69832,69834],{"className":45,"code":69833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69835,69836,69841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69837,69838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69839,69840],{"class":58},"banana\n",[52,69842,69843,69845,69847,69849,69851,69853,69855,69857,69859,69861,69863,69865,69867],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69844,3344],{"class":66},[52,69846,608],{"class":70},[52,69848,75],{"class":74},[52,69850,608],{"class":70},[52,69852,80],{"class":66},[52,69854,617],{"class":70},[52,69856,95],{"class":74},[52,69858,608],{"class":70},[52,69860,80],{"class":66},[52,69862,617],{"class":70},[52,69864,32652],{"class":74},[52,69866,608],{"class":70},[52,69868,3076],{"class":66},[20,69870,69871],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[43,69873,69875],{"className":45,"code":69874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69876,69877,69909,69913,69933,69937,69947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69878,69879,69881,69883,69885,69887,69889,69891,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69880,393],{"class":58},[52,69882,63],{"class":62},[52,69884,3063],{"class":66},[52,69886,71],{"class":70},[52,69888,75],{"class":74},[52,69890,71],{"class":70},[52,69892,80],{"class":66},[52,69894,83],{"class":70},[52,69896,86],{"class":74},[52,69898,71],{"class":70},[52,69900,80],{"class":66},[52,69902,83],{"class":70},[52,69904,95],{"class":74},[52,69906,71],{"class":70},[52,69908,3076],{"class":66},[52,69910,69911],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69912,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69914,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,69916,106],{"class":58},[52,69918,63],{"class":62},[52,69920,52289],{"class":58},[52,69922,114],{"class":66},[52,69924,118],{"class":117},[52,69926,138],{"class":66},[52,69928,1460],{"class":62},[52,69930,948],{"class":947},[52,69932,144],{"class":66},[52,69934,69935],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,69936,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,69938,69939,69941,69943,69945],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,69940,135],{"class":134},[52,69942,138],{"class":66},[52,69944,141],{"class":117},[52,69946,144],{"class":66},[52,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,69950,135],{"class":134},[52,69952,138],{"class":66},[52,69954,426],{"class":117},[52,69956,144],{"class":66},[20,69958,1509],{},[43,69960,69962],{"className":45,"code":69961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69963,69964,69969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69965,69966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69967,69968],{"class":58},"cherry\n",[52,69970,69971,69973,69975,69977,69979,69981,69983,69985,69987],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,69972,3344],{"class":66},[52,69974,608],{"class":70},[52,69976,75],{"class":74},[52,69978,608],{"class":70},[52,69980,80],{"class":66},[52,69982,617],{"class":70},[52,69984,86],{"class":74},[52,69986,608],{"class":70},[52,69988,3076],{"class":66},[20,69990,69991,69992,69994],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69993,65290],{}," means the last item.",[20,69996,69997,69998,114],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[221,69999,70000,1070],{"href":58400},[15,70001,64301],{},[38,70003,70005],{"id":70004},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70007,70008,70010],{},[15,70009,17],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70012,70013,70014,803,70016,114],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70015,17],{},[221,70017,70018],{"href":54509},[15,70019,900],{},[20,70021,267],{},[43,70023,70025],{"className":45,"code":70024,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70026,70027,70059,70063,70082,70086,70097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70028,70029,70031,70033,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70030,4438],{"class":58},[52,70032,63],{"class":62},[52,70034,3063],{"class":66},[52,70036,71],{"class":70},[52,70038,12323],{"class":74},[52,70040,71],{"class":70},[52,70042,80],{"class":66},[52,70044,83],{"class":70},[52,70046,35374],{"class":74},[52,70048,71],{"class":70},[52,70050,80],{"class":66},[52,70052,83],{"class":70},[52,70054,35383],{"class":74},[52,70056,71],{"class":70},[52,70058,3076],{"class":66},[52,70060,70061],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70062,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70064,70065,70068,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70066,70067],{"class":58},"removed_name ",[52,70069,63],{"class":62},[52,70071,69012],{"class":58},[52,70073,114],{"class":66},[52,70075,118],{"class":117},[52,70077,138],{"class":66},[52,70079,1558],{"class":947},[52,70081,144],{"class":66},[52,70083,70084],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70085,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70087,70088,70090,70092,70095],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,70089,135],{"class":134},[52,70091,138],{"class":66},[52,70093,70094],{"class":117},"removed_name",[52,70096,144],{"class":66},[52,70098,70099,70101,70103,70105],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,70100,135],{"class":134},[52,70102,138],{"class":66},[52,70104,4482],{"class":117},[52,70106,144],{"class":66},[20,70108,1509],{},[43,70110,70112],{"className":45,"code":70111,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70113,70114,70118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70115,70116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70117,49476],{"class":58},[52,70119,70120,70122,70124,70126,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70121,3344],{"class":66},[52,70123,608],{"class":70},[52,70125,35374],{"class":74},[52,70127,608],{"class":70},[52,70129,80],{"class":66},[52,70131,617],{"class":70},[52,70133,35383],{"class":74},[52,70135,608],{"class":70},[52,70137,3076],{"class":66},[20,70139,70140],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70142,70143,70144,70146,70147,114],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70145,900],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70148,3220],{},[38,70150,70152],{"id":70151},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[699,70154,70156],{"id":70155},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70158,70159,70160,70162,70163,114],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70161,17],{}," raises an ",[15,70164,70165],{},"IndexError",[43,70167,70169],{"className":45,"code":70168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70170,70171,70179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70172,70173,70175,70177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70174,59],{"class":58},[52,70176,63],{"class":62},[52,70178,7285],{"class":66},[52,70180,70181,70183,70185,70187],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70182,154],{"class":58},[52,70184,114],{"class":66},[52,70186,118],{"class":117},[52,70188,121],{"class":66},[20,70190,1509],{},[43,70192,70194],{"className":45,"code":70193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70195,70196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70197,70198,70200,70202,70205,70208,70211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70199,70165],{"class":600},[52,70201,202],{"class":66},[52,70203,70204],{"class":58}," pop ",[52,70206,70207],{"class":731},"from",[52,70209,70210],{"class":58}," empty ",[52,70212,49322],{"class":600},[20,70214,38695],{},[163,70216,70217,70222],{},[166,70218,70219,70220],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70221,17],{},[166,70223,70224,70225,803,70227],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70226,802],{},[15,70228,806],{},[20,70230,267],{},[43,70232,70234],{"className":45,"code":70233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70235,70236,70244,70248,70256,70270,70276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70237,70238,70240,70242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70239,59],{"class":58},[52,70241,63],{"class":62},[52,70243,7285],{"class":66},[52,70245,70246],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70247,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70249,70250,70252,70254],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70251,732],{"class":731},[52,70253,111],{"class":58},[52,70255,737],{"class":66},[52,70257,70258,70260,70262,70264,70266,70268],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70259,757],{"class":134},[52,70261,138],{"class":66},[52,70263,154],{"class":117},[52,70265,114],{"class":66},[52,70267,118],{"class":117},[52,70269,6640],{"class":66},[52,70271,70272,70274],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,70273,777],{"class":731},[52,70275,737],{"class":66},[52,70277,70278,70280,70282,70284,70287,70289],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,70279,757],{"class":134},[52,70281,138],{"class":66},[52,70283,71],{"class":70},[52,70285,70286],{"class":74},"The list is empty.",[52,70288,71],{"class":70},[52,70290,144],{"class":66},[699,70292,70294],{"id":70293},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70296,70297,70298,114],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70299,70165],{},[43,70301,70303],{"className":45,"code":70302,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70304,70305,70325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70306,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319,70321,70323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70308,940],{"class":58},[52,70310,63],{"class":62},[52,70312,3063],{"class":66},[52,70314,1770],{"class":947},[52,70316,80],{"class":66},[52,70318,7237],{"class":947},[52,70320,80],{"class":66},[52,70322,7242],{"class":947},[52,70324,3076],{"class":66},[52,70326,70327,70329,70331,70333,70335,70337],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70328,1037],{"class":58},[52,70330,114],{"class":66},[52,70332,118],{"class":117},[52,70334,138],{"class":66},[52,70336,1131],{"class":947},[52,70338,144],{"class":66},[20,70340,1509],{},[43,70342,70344],{"className":45,"code":70343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70345,70346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70347,70348,70350,70352,70355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70349,70165],{"class":600},[52,70351,202],{"class":66},[52,70353,70354],{"class":58}," pop index out of ",[52,70356,70357],{"class":134},"range\n",[20,70359,38695],{},[163,70361,70362,70367],{},[166,70363,70364,70365],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70366,41795],{},[166,70368,70369],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[43,70371,70373],{"className":45,"code":70372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70374,70375,70395,70404,70408,70430,70448,70454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70376,70377,70379,70381,70383,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70378,940],{"class":58},[52,70380,63],{"class":62},[52,70382,3063],{"class":66},[52,70384,1770],{"class":947},[52,70386,80],{"class":66},[52,70388,7237],{"class":947},[52,70390,80],{"class":66},[52,70392,7242],{"class":947},[52,70394,3076],{"class":66},[52,70396,70397,70400,70402],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70398,70399],{"class":58},"index ",[52,70401,63],{"class":62},[52,70403,45024],{"class":947},[52,70405,70406],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70407,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70409,70410,70412,70414,70417,70420,70422,70424,70426,70428],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70411,732],{"class":731},[52,70413,3276],{"class":947},[52,70415,70416],{"class":62}," \u003C=",[52,70418,70419],{"class":58}," index ",[52,70421,2729],{"class":62},[52,70423,37819],{"class":134},[52,70425,138],{"class":66},[52,70427,1037],{"class":117},[52,70429,7789],{"class":66},[52,70431,70432,70434,70436,70438,70440,70442,70444,70446],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,70433,757],{"class":134},[52,70435,138],{"class":66},[52,70437,1037],{"class":117},[52,70439,114],{"class":66},[52,70441,118],{"class":117},[52,70443,138],{"class":66},[52,70445,35279],{"class":117},[52,70447,1222],{"class":66},[52,70449,70450,70452],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,70451,777],{"class":731},[52,70453,737],{"class":66},[52,70455,70456,70458,70460,70462,70465,70467],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,70457,757],{"class":134},[52,70459,138],{"class":66},[52,70461,71],{"class":70},[52,70463,70464],{"class":74},"Index is out of range.",[52,70466,71],{"class":70},[52,70468,144],{"class":66},[20,70470,70471,70472,114],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[221,70473,68695],{"href":68694},[699,70475,70477],{"id":70476},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70479,70480,70482],{},[15,70481,17],{}," expects an integer index.",[43,70484,70486],{"className":45,"code":70485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70487,70488,70508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70489,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70491,940],{"class":58},[52,70493,63],{"class":62},[52,70495,3063],{"class":66},[52,70497,1770],{"class":947},[52,70499,80],{"class":66},[52,70501,7237],{"class":947},[52,70503,80],{"class":66},[52,70505,7242],{"class":947},[52,70507,3076],{"class":66},[52,70509,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520,70522,70524],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70511,1037],{"class":58},[52,70513,114],{"class":66},[52,70515,118],{"class":117},[52,70517,138],{"class":66},[52,70519,71],{"class":70},[52,70521,948],{"class":74},[52,70523,71],{"class":70},[52,70525,144],{"class":66},[20,70527,1509],{},[43,70529,70531],{"className":45,"code":70530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70532,70533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70534,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70550,70553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70536,2443],{"class":600},[52,70538,202],{"class":66},[52,70540,617],{"class":70},[52,70542,2882],{"class":74},[52,70544,608],{"class":70},[52,70546,24057],{"class":600},[52,70548,70549],{"class":58}," cannot be interpreted ",[52,70551,70552],{"class":731},"as",[52,70554,70555],{"class":58}," an integer\n",[20,70557,38695],{},[163,70559,70560,70569],{},[166,70561,70562,70563,1627,70565,1631,70567],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70564,1558],{},[15,70566,948],{},[15,70568,65290],{},[166,70570,70571],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[43,70573,70575],{"className":45,"code":70574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70576,70577,70597,70615,70619,70637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70578,70579,70581,70583,70585,70587,70589,70591,70593,70595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70580,940],{"class":58},[52,70582,63],{"class":62},[52,70584,3063],{"class":66},[52,70586,1770],{"class":947},[52,70588,80],{"class":66},[52,70590,7237],{"class":947},[52,70592,80],{"class":66},[52,70594,7242],{"class":947},[52,70596,3076],{"class":66},[52,70598,70599,70601,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611,70613],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70600,70399],{"class":58},[52,70602,63],{"class":62},[52,70604,44711],{"class":600},[52,70606,138],{"class":66},[52,70608,71],{"class":70},[52,70610,948],{"class":74},[52,70612,71],{"class":70},[52,70614,144],{"class":66},[52,70616,70617],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70618,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70620,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629,70631,70633,70635],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70622,135],{"class":134},[52,70624,138],{"class":66},[52,70626,1037],{"class":117},[52,70628,114],{"class":66},[52,70630,118],{"class":117},[52,70632,138],{"class":66},[52,70634,35279],{"class":117},[52,70636,1222],{"class":66},[52,70638,70639,70641,70643,70645],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,70640,135],{"class":134},[52,70642,138],{"class":66},[52,70644,1037],{"class":117},[52,70646,144],{"class":66},[20,70648,1509],{},[43,70650,70652],{"className":45,"code":70651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70653,70654,70659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70655,70656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70657,70658],{"class":947},"20\n",[52,70660,70661,70663,70665,70667,70669],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70662,3344],{"class":66},[52,70664,1770],{"class":947},[52,70666,80],{"class":66},[52,70668,7242],{"class":947},[52,70670,3076],{"class":66},[38,70672,70674],{"id":70673},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70676,70677],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[699,70679,799,70681,916],{"id":70680},"use-pop-when",[15,70682,17],{},[163,70684,70685,70688,70691],{},[166,70686,70687],{},"you want to remove by index",[166,70689,70690],{},"you want the removed item returned",[166,70692,70693],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[699,70695,799,70697,916],{"id":70696},"use-remove-when",[15,70698,900],{},[163,70700,70701,70704],{},[166,70702,70703],{},"you want to remove by value",[166,70705,70706],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70708,70709],{},"Compare these examples:",[43,70711,70713],{"className":45,"code":70712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70714,70715,70739,70743,70761,70771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70716,70717,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731,70733,70735,70737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70718,940],{"class":58},[52,70720,63],{"class":62},[52,70722,3063],{"class":66},[52,70724,1770],{"class":947},[52,70726,80],{"class":66},[52,70728,7237],{"class":947},[52,70730,80],{"class":66},[52,70732,7242],{"class":947},[52,70734,80],{"class":66},[52,70736,7237],{"class":947},[52,70738,3076],{"class":66},[52,70740,70741],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70742,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70744,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753,70755,70757,70759],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70746,106],{"class":58},[52,70748,63],{"class":62},[52,70750,970],{"class":58},[52,70752,114],{"class":66},[52,70754,118],{"class":117},[52,70756,138],{"class":66},[52,70758,948],{"class":947},[52,70760,144],{"class":66},[52,70762,70763,70765,70767,70769],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70764,135],{"class":134},[52,70766,138],{"class":66},[52,70768,141],{"class":117},[52,70770,144],{"class":66},[52,70772,70773,70775,70777,70779],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,70774,135],{"class":134},[52,70776,138],{"class":66},[52,70778,1037],{"class":117},[52,70780,144],{"class":66},[20,70782,1509],{},[43,70784,70786],{"className":45,"code":70785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70787,70788,70792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70789,70790],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70791,70658],{"class":947},[52,70793,70794,70796,70798,70800,70802,70804,70806],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70795,3344],{"class":66},[52,70797,1770],{"class":947},[52,70799,80],{"class":66},[52,70801,7242],{"class":947},[52,70803,80],{"class":66},[52,70805,7237],{"class":947},[52,70807,3076],{"class":66},[43,70809,70811],{"className":45,"code":70810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70812,70813,70837,70841,70855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70814,70815,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825,70827,70829,70831,70833,70835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70816,940],{"class":58},[52,70818,63],{"class":62},[52,70820,3063],{"class":66},[52,70822,1770],{"class":947},[52,70824,80],{"class":66},[52,70826,7237],{"class":947},[52,70828,80],{"class":66},[52,70830,7242],{"class":947},[52,70832,80],{"class":66},[52,70834,7237],{"class":947},[52,70836,3076],{"class":66},[52,70838,70839],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70840,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,70842,70843,70845,70847,70849,70851,70853],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70844,1037],{"class":58},[52,70846,114],{"class":66},[52,70848,1042],{"class":117},[52,70850,138],{"class":66},[52,70852,15193],{"class":947},[52,70854,144],{"class":66},[52,70856,70857,70859,70861,70863],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70858,135],{"class":134},[52,70860,138],{"class":66},[52,70862,1037],{"class":117},[52,70864,144],{"class":66},[20,70866,1509],{},[43,70868,70870],{"className":45,"code":70869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70871,70872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70873,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70875,3344],{"class":66},[52,70877,1770],{"class":947},[52,70879,80],{"class":66},[52,70881,7242],{"class":947},[52,70883,80],{"class":66},[52,70885,7237],{"class":947},[52,70887,3076],{"class":66},[20,70889,70890,70891,70894,70895,114],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70892,70893],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70896,948],{},[20,70898,56040,70899,70902,70903,114],{},[15,70900,70901],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70904,15193],{},[20,70906,70907,70908,114],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[221,70909,54505],{"href":1361},[38,70911,1158],{"id":1157},[20,70913,1161,70914,202],{},[15,70915,17],{},[163,70917,70918,70921,70924,70930,70934],{},[166,70919,70920],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[166,70922,70923],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[166,70925,36636,70926,8151,70928],{},[15,70927,17],{},[15,70929,900],{},[166,70931,1174,70932,61408],{},[15,70933,17],{},[166,70935,70936],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70938,70939],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[43,70941,70943],{"className":45,"code":70942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70944,70945,70955,70969,70983,71001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70946,70947,70949,70951,70953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70948,135],{"class":134},[52,70950,138],{"class":66},[52,70952,7786],{"class":117},[52,70954,144],{"class":66},[52,70956,70957,70959,70961,70963,70965,70967],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,70958,135],{"class":134},[52,70960,138],{"class":66},[52,70962,1215],{"class":134},[52,70964,138],{"class":66},[52,70966,7786],{"class":117},[52,70968,1222],{"class":66},[52,70970,70971,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,70972,135],{"class":134},[52,70974,138],{"class":66},[52,70976,7786],{"class":117},[52,70978,114],{"class":66},[52,70980,118],{"class":117},[52,70982,6640],{"class":66},[52,70984,70985,70987,70989,70991,70993,70995,70997,70999],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,70986,135],{"class":134},[52,70988,138],{"class":66},[52,70990,7786],{"class":117},[52,70992,114],{"class":66},[52,70994,118],{"class":117},[52,70996,138],{"class":66},[52,70998,1558],{"class":947},[52,71000,1222],{"class":66},[52,71002,71003,71005,71007,71009,71011,71013],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,71004,135],{"class":134},[52,71006,138],{"class":66},[52,71008,1231],{"class":600},[52,71010,138],{"class":66},[52,71012,35279],{"class":117},[52,71014,1222],{"class":66},[20,71016,71017],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[163,71019,71020,71026],{},[166,71021,71022,71025],{},[15,71023,71024],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[166,71027,71028,71031],{},[15,71029,71030],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71033,71034,71035,71038],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71036,71037],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[38,71040,1273],{"id":1272},[699,71042,71044],{"id":71043},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71046,71047,71048,71050],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71049,17],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[699,71052,71054],{"id":71053},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71056,71057,71059,71060,71062,71063,114],{},[15,71058,17],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71061,900],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71064,3220],{},[699,71066,71068],{"id":71067},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71070,71071,71072,71075],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71073,71074],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[699,71077,71079],{"id":71078},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71081,1309,71082,71084],{},[15,71083,70165],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[38,71086,1332],{"id":1331},[163,71088,71089,71093,71098,71103,71108],{},[166,71090,71091],{},[221,71092,1362],{"href":1361},[166,71094,71095],{},[221,71096,71097],{"href":54509},"Python list remove() method",[166,71099,71100],{},[221,71101,71102],{"href":58400},"Python list index() method",[166,71104,71105],{},[221,71106,71107],{"href":50416},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[166,71109,71110],{},[221,71111,68695],{"href":68694},[1364,71113,71114],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":71116},[71117,71118,71119,71120,71121,71122,71123,71128,71134,71135,71141],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":69296,"depth":103,"text":69297},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":69604,"depth":103,"text":69605},{"id":69733,"depth":103,"text":69734},{"id":70004,"depth":103,"text":70005},{"id":70151,"depth":103,"text":70152,"children":71124},[71125,71126,71127],{"id":70155,"depth":124,"text":70156},{"id":70293,"depth":124,"text":70294},{"id":70476,"depth":124,"text":70477},{"id":70673,"depth":103,"text":70674,"children":71129},[71130,71132],{"id":70680,"depth":124,"text":71131},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70696,"depth":124,"text":71133},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":71136},[71137,71138,71139,71140],{"id":71043,"depth":124,"text":71044},{"id":71053,"depth":124,"text":71054},{"id":71067,"depth":124,"text":71068},{"id":71078,"depth":124,"text":71079},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69163,"description":71142},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71149,"title":71150,"body":71151,"description":72937,"extension":1401,"meta":72938,"navigation":127,"path":72939,"seo":72940,"stem":72941,"__hash__":72942},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71152,"toc":72919},[71153,71156,71161,71167,71169,71239,71245,71249,71254,71275,71278,71345,71347,71368,71376,71378,71397,71413,71415,71480,71482,71507,71509,71511,71576,71578,71603,71605,71619,71622,71675,71677,71698,71702,71710,71783,71785,71818,71824,71830,71921,71923,71948,71954,72043,72045,72069,72071,72075,72130,72132,72164,72167,72170,72264,72266,72299,72305,72311,72315,72322,72348,72352,72417,72419,72444,72448,72529,72531,72560,72565,72570,72576,72580,72587,72609,72613,72672,72674,72698,72707,72712,72714,72718,72747,72749,72824,72827,72841,72847,72849,72853,72856,72860,72865,72869,72878,72882,72890,72892,72916],[10,71154,71150],{"id":71155},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71157,1418,71158,71160],{},[15,71159,54512],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71162,71163,71164,71166],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71165,985],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[38,71168,41],{"id":40},[43,71170,71172],{"className":45,"code":71171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71173,71174,71206,71224,71234],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71175,71176,71178,71180,71182,71184,71186,71188,71190,71192,71194,71196,71198,71200,71202,71204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71177,59],{"class":58},[52,71179,63],{"class":62},[52,71181,3063],{"class":66},[52,71183,71],{"class":70},[52,71185,75],{"class":74},[52,71187,71],{"class":70},[52,71189,80],{"class":66},[52,71191,83],{"class":70},[52,71193,86],{"class":74},[52,71195,71],{"class":70},[52,71197,80],{"class":66},[52,71199,83],{"class":70},[52,71201,32652],{"class":74},[52,71203,71],{"class":70},[52,71205,3076],{"class":66},[52,71207,71208,71210,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71209,154],{"class":58},[52,71211,114],{"class":66},[52,71213,1042],{"class":117},[52,71215,138],{"class":66},[52,71217,71],{"class":70},[52,71219,86],{"class":74},[52,71221,71],{"class":70},[52,71223,144],{"class":66},[52,71225,71226,71228,71230,71232],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71227,135],{"class":134},[52,71229,138],{"class":66},[52,71231,154],{"class":117},[52,71233,144],{"class":66},[52,71235,71236],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71237,71238],{"class":3105},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71240,799,71241,71244],{},[15,71242,71243],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[38,71246,71248],{"id":71247},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71250,71251,71253],{},[15,71252,900],{}," is a list method that:",[163,71255,71256,71262,71267,71272],{},[166,71257,71258,71259,71261],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71260,29339],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[166,71263,71264,71265],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71266,10775],{},[166,71268,1277,71269,71271],{},[30,71270,32],{}," return a new list",[166,71273,71274],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71276,71277],{},"This is important for beginners:",[43,71279,71281],{"className":45,"code":71280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71282,71283,71303,71321,71325,71335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71284,71285,71287,71289,71291,71293,71295,71297,71299,71301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71286,940],{"class":58},[52,71288,63],{"class":62},[52,71290,3063],{"class":66},[52,71292,948],{"class":947},[52,71294,80],{"class":66},[52,71296,953],{"class":947},[52,71298,80],{"class":66},[52,71300,958],{"class":947},[52,71302,3076],{"class":66},[52,71304,71305,71307,71309,71311,71313,71315,71317,71319],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71306,1668],{"class":58},[52,71308,63],{"class":62},[52,71310,970],{"class":58},[52,71312,114],{"class":66},[52,71314,1042],{"class":117},[52,71316,138],{"class":66},[52,71318,1047],{"class":947},[52,71320,144],{"class":66},[52,71322,71323],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71324,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,71326,71327,71329,71331,71333],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71328,135],{"class":134},[52,71330,138],{"class":66},[52,71332,1037],{"class":117},[52,71334,144],{"class":66},[52,71336,71337,71339,71341,71343],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,71338,135],{"class":134},[52,71340,138],{"class":66},[52,71342,1703],{"class":117},[52,71344,144],{"class":66},[20,71346,1509],{},[43,71348,71350],{"className":45,"code":71349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71351,71352,71364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71353,71354,71356,71358,71360,71362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71355,3344],{"class":66},[52,71357,948],{"class":947},[52,71359,80],{"class":66},[52,71361,958],{"class":947},[52,71363,3076],{"class":66},[52,71365,71366],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71367,11251],{"class":3295},[20,71369,71370,71371,71373,71374,114],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71372,900],{}," itself returned ",[15,71375,3220],{},[38,71377,4877],{"id":4876},[43,71379,71381],{"className":45,"code":71380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71382,71383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71384,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71386,7540],{"class":600},[52,71388,114],{"class":66},[52,71390,1042],{"class":117},[52,71392,138],{"class":66},[52,71394,985],{"class":117},[52,71396,144],{"class":66},[163,71398,71399,71404,71407],{},[166,71400,71401,71403],{},[15,71402,985],{}," is the item you want to delete",[166,71405,71406],{},"Python searches from left to right",[166,71408,71409,71410,71412],{},"Only the ",[30,71411,29339],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71414,267],{},[43,71416,71418],{"className":45,"code":71417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71419,71420,71452,71470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71421,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446,71448,71450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71423,35524],{"class":58},[52,71425,63],{"class":62},[52,71427,3063],{"class":66},[52,71429,71],{"class":70},[52,71431,221],{"class":74},[52,71433,71],{"class":70},[52,71435,80],{"class":66},[52,71437,83],{"class":70},[52,71439,4204],{"class":74},[52,71441,71],{"class":70},[52,71443,80],{"class":66},[52,71445,83],{"class":70},[52,71447,9187],{"class":74},[52,71449,71],{"class":70},[52,71451,3076],{"class":66},[52,71453,71454,71456,71458,71460,71462,71464,71466,71468],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71455,35577],{"class":58},[52,71457,114],{"class":66},[52,71459,1042],{"class":117},[52,71461,138],{"class":66},[52,71463,71],{"class":70},[52,71465,4204],{"class":74},[52,71467,71],{"class":70},[52,71469,144],{"class":66},[52,71471,71472,71474,71476,71478],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71473,135],{"class":134},[52,71475,138],{"class":66},[52,71477,35577],{"class":117},[52,71479,144],{"class":66},[20,71481,1509],{},[43,71483,71485],{"className":45,"code":71484,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71486,71487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71488,71489,71491,71493,71495,71497,71499,71501,71503,71505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71490,3344],{"class":66},[52,71492,608],{"class":70},[52,71494,221],{"class":74},[52,71496,608],{"class":70},[52,71498,80],{"class":66},[52,71500,617],{"class":70},[52,71502,9187],{"class":74},[52,71504,608],{"class":70},[52,71506,3076],{"class":66},[38,71508,5234],{"id":5233},[20,71510,64610],{},[43,71512,71514],{"className":45,"code":71513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71515,71516,71548,71566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71517,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528,71530,71532,71534,71536,71538,71540,71542,71544,71546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71519,277],{"class":58},[52,71521,63],{"class":62},[52,71523,3063],{"class":66},[52,71525,71],{"class":70},[52,71527,286],{"class":74},[52,71529,71],{"class":70},[52,71531,80],{"class":66},[52,71533,83],{"class":70},[52,71535,295],{"class":74},[52,71537,71],{"class":70},[52,71539,80],{"class":66},[52,71541,83],{"class":70},[52,71543,304],{"class":74},[52,71545,71],{"class":70},[52,71547,3076],{"class":66},[52,71549,71550,71552,71554,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71551,348],{"class":58},[52,71553,114],{"class":66},[52,71555,1042],{"class":117},[52,71557,138],{"class":66},[52,71559,71],{"class":70},[52,71561,295],{"class":74},[52,71563,71],{"class":70},[52,71565,144],{"class":66},[52,71567,71568,71570,71572,71574],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71569,135],{"class":134},[52,71571,138],{"class":66},[52,71573,348],{"class":117},[52,71575,144],{"class":66},[20,71577,1509],{},[43,71579,71581],{"className":45,"code":71580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71582,71583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71584,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71586,3344],{"class":66},[52,71588,608],{"class":70},[52,71590,286],{"class":74},[52,71592,608],{"class":70},[52,71594,80],{"class":66},[52,71596,617],{"class":70},[52,71598,304],{"class":74},[52,71600,608],{"class":70},[52,71602,3076],{"class":66},[20,71604,11126],{},[163,71606,71607,71610,71616],{},[166,71608,71609],{},"A list is created with three values",[166,71611,71612,71615],{},[15,71613,71614],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[166,71617,71618],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71620,71621],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[43,71623,71625],{"className":45,"code":71624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71626,71627,71651,71665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71628,71629,71631,71633,71635,71637,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71630,4507],{"class":58},[52,71632,63],{"class":62},[52,71634,3063],{"class":66},[52,71636,1770],{"class":947},[52,71638,80],{"class":66},[52,71640,7237],{"class":947},[52,71642,80],{"class":66},[52,71644,7242],{"class":947},[52,71646,80],{"class":66},[52,71648,50280],{"class":947},[52,71650,3076],{"class":66},[52,71652,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71654,15828],{"class":58},[52,71656,114],{"class":66},[52,71658,1042],{"class":117},[52,71660,138],{"class":66},[52,71662,36274],{"class":947},[52,71664,144],{"class":66},[52,71666,71667,71669,71671,71673],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71668,135],{"class":134},[52,71670,138],{"class":66},[52,71672,15828],{"class":117},[52,71674,144],{"class":66},[20,71676,1509],{},[43,71678,71680],{"className":45,"code":71679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71681,71682],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71683,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71685,3344],{"class":66},[52,71687,1770],{"class":947},[52,71689,80],{"class":66},[52,71691,7237],{"class":947},[52,71693,80],{"class":66},[52,71695,50280],{"class":947},[52,71697,3076],{"class":66},[38,71699,71701],{"id":71700},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71703,64600,71704,71706,71707,71709],{},[15,71705,900],{}," deletes only the ",[30,71708,29339],{}," one.",[43,71711,71713],{"className":45,"code":71712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71714,71715,71755,71773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71716,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71718,59],{"class":58},[52,71720,63],{"class":62},[52,71722,3063],{"class":66},[52,71724,71],{"class":70},[52,71726,75],{"class":74},[52,71728,71],{"class":70},[52,71730,80],{"class":66},[52,71732,83],{"class":70},[52,71734,86],{"class":74},[52,71736,71],{"class":70},[52,71738,80],{"class":66},[52,71740,83],{"class":70},[52,71742,75],{"class":74},[52,71744,71],{"class":70},[52,71746,80],{"class":66},[52,71748,83],{"class":70},[52,71750,32652],{"class":74},[52,71752,71],{"class":70},[52,71754,3076],{"class":66},[52,71756,71757,71759,71761,71763,71765,71767,71769,71771],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71758,154],{"class":58},[52,71760,114],{"class":66},[52,71762,1042],{"class":117},[52,71764,138],{"class":66},[52,71766,71],{"class":70},[52,71768,75],{"class":74},[52,71770,71],{"class":70},[52,71772,144],{"class":66},[52,71774,71775,71777,71779,71781],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71776,135],{"class":134},[52,71778,138],{"class":66},[52,71780,154],{"class":117},[52,71782,144],{"class":66},[20,71784,1509],{},[43,71786,71788],{"className":45,"code":71787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71789,71790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71791,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71793,3344],{"class":66},[52,71795,608],{"class":70},[52,71797,86],{"class":74},[52,71799,608],{"class":70},[52,71801,80],{"class":66},[52,71803,617],{"class":70},[52,71805,75],{"class":74},[52,71807,608],{"class":70},[52,71809,80],{"class":66},[52,71811,617],{"class":70},[52,71813,32652],{"class":74},[52,71815,608],{"class":70},[52,71817,3076],{"class":66},[20,71819,71820,71821,71823],{},"Only the first ",[15,71822,57269],{}," was removed.",[20,71825,71826,71827,71829],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71828,900],{}," again:",[43,71831,71833],{"className":45,"code":71832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71834,71835,71875,71893,71911],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71836,71837,71839,71841,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71838,59],{"class":58},[52,71840,63],{"class":62},[52,71842,3063],{"class":66},[52,71844,71],{"class":70},[52,71846,75],{"class":74},[52,71848,71],{"class":70},[52,71850,80],{"class":66},[52,71852,83],{"class":70},[52,71854,86],{"class":74},[52,71856,71],{"class":70},[52,71858,80],{"class":66},[52,71860,83],{"class":70},[52,71862,75],{"class":74},[52,71864,71],{"class":70},[52,71866,80],{"class":66},[52,71868,83],{"class":70},[52,71870,32652],{"class":74},[52,71872,71],{"class":70},[52,71874,3076],{"class":66},[52,71876,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,71878,154],{"class":58},[52,71880,114],{"class":66},[52,71882,1042],{"class":117},[52,71884,138],{"class":66},[52,71886,71],{"class":70},[52,71888,75],{"class":74},[52,71890,71],{"class":70},[52,71892,144],{"class":66},[52,71894,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,71896,154],{"class":58},[52,71898,114],{"class":66},[52,71900,1042],{"class":117},[52,71902,138],{"class":66},[52,71904,71],{"class":70},[52,71906,75],{"class":74},[52,71908,71],{"class":70},[52,71910,144],{"class":66},[52,71912,71913,71915,71917,71919],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,71914,135],{"class":134},[52,71916,138],{"class":66},[52,71918,154],{"class":117},[52,71920,144],{"class":66},[20,71922,1509],{},[43,71924,71926],{"className":45,"code":71925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71927,71928],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71929,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71944,71946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71931,3344],{"class":66},[52,71933,608],{"class":70},[52,71935,86],{"class":74},[52,71937,608],{"class":70},[52,71939,80],{"class":66},[52,71941,617],{"class":70},[52,71943,32652],{"class":74},[52,71945,608],{"class":70},[52,71947,3076],{"class":66},[20,71949,71950,71951,71953],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,71952,3157],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[43,71955,71957],{"className":45,"code":71956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71958,71959,71999,72033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71960,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71962,59],{"class":58},[52,71964,63],{"class":62},[52,71966,3063],{"class":66},[52,71968,71],{"class":70},[52,71970,75],{"class":74},[52,71972,71],{"class":70},[52,71974,80],{"class":66},[52,71976,83],{"class":70},[52,71978,86],{"class":74},[52,71980,71],{"class":70},[52,71982,80],{"class":66},[52,71984,83],{"class":70},[52,71986,75],{"class":74},[52,71988,71],{"class":70},[52,71990,80],{"class":66},[52,71992,83],{"class":70},[52,71994,32652],{"class":74},[52,71996,71],{"class":70},[52,71998,3076],{"class":66},[52,72000,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72018,72020,72022,72025,72027,72029,72031],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72002,59],{"class":58},[52,72004,63],{"class":62},[52,72006,3063],{"class":66},[52,72008,313],{"class":58},[52,72010,5405],{"class":731},[52,72012,5408],{"class":58},[52,72014,3326],{"class":731},[52,72016,72017],{"class":58}," items ",[52,72019,732],{"class":731},[52,72021,5408],{"class":58},[52,72023,72024],{"class":62},"!=",[52,72026,83],{"class":70},[52,72028,75],{"class":74},[52,72030,71],{"class":70},[52,72032,3076],{"class":66},[52,72034,72035,72037,72039,72041],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,72036,135],{"class":134},[52,72038,138],{"class":66},[52,72040,154],{"class":117},[52,72042,144],{"class":66},[20,72044,1509],{},[43,72046,72047],{"className":45,"code":71925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,72048,72049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72050,72051,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72052,3344],{"class":66},[52,72054,608],{"class":70},[52,72056,86],{"class":74},[52,72058,608],{"class":70},[52,72060,80],{"class":66},[52,72062,617],{"class":70},[52,72064,32652],{"class":74},[52,72066,608],{"class":70},[52,72068,3076],{"class":66},[38,72070,65066],{"id":65065},[20,72072,65069,72073,114],{},[15,72074,40137],{},[43,72076,72078],{"className":45,"code":72077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72079,72080,72112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72081,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72083,59],{"class":58},[52,72085,63],{"class":62},[52,72087,3063],{"class":66},[52,72089,71],{"class":70},[52,72091,75],{"class":74},[52,72093,71],{"class":70},[52,72095,80],{"class":66},[52,72097,83],{"class":70},[52,72099,86],{"class":74},[52,72101,71],{"class":70},[52,72103,80],{"class":66},[52,72105,83],{"class":70},[52,72107,32652],{"class":74},[52,72109,71],{"class":70},[52,72111,3076],{"class":66},[52,72113,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72115,154],{"class":58},[52,72117,114],{"class":66},[52,72119,1042],{"class":117},[52,72121,138],{"class":66},[52,72123,71],{"class":70},[52,72125,21973],{"class":74},[52,72127,71],{"class":70},[52,72129,144],{"class":66},[20,72131,1509],{},[43,72133,72135],{"className":45,"code":72134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72136,72137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72138,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155,72157,72159,72161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72140,40137],{"class":600},[52,72142,202],{"class":66},[52,72144,22000],{"class":600},[52,72146,114],{"class":66},[52,72148,1042],{"class":117},[52,72150,138],{"class":66},[52,72152,1611],{"class":117},[52,72154,15891],{"class":66},[52,72156,3323],{"class":58},[52,72158,32],{"class":62},[52,72160,20613],{"class":62},[52,72162,72163],{"class":600}," list\n",[20,72165,72166],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72168,72169],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[43,72171,72173],{"className":45,"code":72172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72174,72175,72207,72219,72223,72235,72250,72254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72176,72177,72179,72181,72183,72185,72187,72189,72191,72193,72195,72197,72199,72201,72203,72205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72178,59],{"class":58},[52,72180,63],{"class":62},[52,72182,3063],{"class":66},[52,72184,71],{"class":70},[52,72186,75],{"class":74},[52,72188,71],{"class":70},[52,72190,80],{"class":66},[52,72192,83],{"class":70},[52,72194,86],{"class":74},[52,72196,71],{"class":70},[52,72198,80],{"class":66},[52,72200,83],{"class":70},[52,72202,32652],{"class":74},[52,72204,71],{"class":70},[52,72206,3076],{"class":66},[52,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72210,965],{"class":58},[52,72212,63],{"class":62},[52,72214,83],{"class":70},[52,72216,21973],{"class":74},[52,72218,2797],{"class":70},[52,72220,72221],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,72222,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,72224,72225,72227,72229,72231,72233],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72226,732],{"class":731},[52,72228,21024],{"class":58},[52,72230,3326],{"class":62},[52,72232,111],{"class":58},[52,72234,737],{"class":66},[52,72236,72237,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,72238,72239],{"class":58},"    items",[52,72241,114],{"class":66},[52,72243,1042],{"class":117},[52,72245,138],{"class":66},[52,72247,985],{"class":117},[52,72249,144],{"class":66},[52,72251,72252],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,72253,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,72255,72256,72258,72260,72262],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,72257,135],{"class":134},[52,72259,138],{"class":66},[52,72261,154],{"class":117},[52,72263,144],{"class":66},[20,72265,1509],{},[43,72267,72269],{"className":45,"code":72268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72270,72271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72272,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295,72297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72274,3344],{"class":66},[52,72276,608],{"class":70},[52,72278,75],{"class":74},[52,72280,608],{"class":70},[52,72282,80],{"class":66},[52,72284,617],{"class":70},[52,72286,86],{"class":74},[52,72288,608],{"class":70},[52,72290,80],{"class":66},[52,72292,617],{"class":70},[52,72294,32652],{"class":74},[52,72296,608],{"class":70},[52,72298,3076],{"class":66},[20,72300,72301,72302,72304],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72303,900],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72306,72307,72308,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[221,72309,65275],{"href":72310},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[38,72312,72314],{"id":72313},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72316,72317,803,72319,72321],{},[15,72318,900],{},[15,72320,17],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[163,72323,72324,72331,72337,72343],{},[166,72325,72326,72328,72329],{},[15,72327,900],{}," deletes by ",[30,72330,985],{},[166,72332,72333,72328,72335],{},[15,72334,17],{},[30,72336,35279],{},[166,72338,72339,1837,72341],{},[15,72340,900],{},[15,72342,3220],{},[166,72344,72345,72347],{},[15,72346,17],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72349,45475,72350,202],{},[15,72351,900],{},[43,72353,72355],{"className":45,"code":72354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72356,72357,72389,72407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72358,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72360,59],{"class":58},[52,72362,63],{"class":62},[52,72364,3063],{"class":66},[52,72366,71],{"class":70},[52,72368,75],{"class":74},[52,72370,71],{"class":70},[52,72372,80],{"class":66},[52,72374,83],{"class":70},[52,72376,86],{"class":74},[52,72378,71],{"class":70},[52,72380,80],{"class":66},[52,72382,83],{"class":70},[52,72384,32652],{"class":74},[52,72386,71],{"class":70},[52,72388,3076],{"class":66},[52,72390,72391,72393,72395,72397,72399,72401,72403,72405],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72392,154],{"class":58},[52,72394,114],{"class":66},[52,72396,1042],{"class":117},[52,72398,138],{"class":66},[52,72400,71],{"class":70},[52,72402,86],{"class":74},[52,72404,71],{"class":70},[52,72406,144],{"class":66},[52,72408,72409,72411,72413,72415],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,72410,135],{"class":134},[52,72412,138],{"class":66},[52,72414,154],{"class":117},[52,72416,144],{"class":66},[20,72418,1509],{},[43,72420,72422],{"className":45,"code":72421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72423,72424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72425,72426,72428,72430,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72427,3344],{"class":66},[52,72429,608],{"class":70},[52,72431,75],{"class":74},[52,72433,608],{"class":70},[52,72435,80],{"class":66},[52,72437,617],{"class":70},[52,72439,32652],{"class":74},[52,72441,608],{"class":70},[52,72443,3076],{"class":66},[20,72445,45475,72446,202],{},[15,72447,17],{},[43,72449,72451],{"className":45,"code":72450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72452,72453,72485,72504,72508,72518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72454,72455,72457,72459,72461,72463,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481,72483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72456,59],{"class":58},[52,72458,63],{"class":62},[52,72460,3063],{"class":66},[52,72462,71],{"class":70},[52,72464,75],{"class":74},[52,72466,71],{"class":70},[52,72468,80],{"class":66},[52,72470,83],{"class":70},[52,72472,86],{"class":74},[52,72474,71],{"class":70},[52,72476,80],{"class":66},[52,72478,83],{"class":70},[52,72480,32652],{"class":74},[52,72482,71],{"class":70},[52,72484,3076],{"class":66},[52,72486,72487,72490,72492,72494,72496,72498,72500,72502],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72488,72489],{"class":58},"removed_item ",[52,72491,63],{"class":62},[52,72493,111],{"class":58},[52,72495,114],{"class":66},[52,72497,118],{"class":117},[52,72499,138],{"class":66},[52,72501,948],{"class":947},[52,72503,144],{"class":66},[52,72505,72506],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,72507,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,72509,72510,72512,72514,72516],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72511,135],{"class":134},[52,72513,138],{"class":66},[52,72515,154],{"class":117},[52,72517,144],{"class":66},[52,72519,72520,72522,72524,72527],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,72521,135],{"class":134},[52,72523,138],{"class":66},[52,72525,72526],{"class":117},"removed_item",[52,72528,144],{"class":66},[20,72530,1509],{},[43,72532,72534],{"className":45,"code":72533,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72535,72536,72556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72537,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72539,3344],{"class":66},[52,72541,608],{"class":70},[52,72543,75],{"class":74},[52,72545,608],{"class":70},[52,72547,80],{"class":66},[52,72549,617],{"class":70},[52,72551,32652],{"class":74},[52,72553,608],{"class":70},[52,72555,3076],{"class":66},[52,72557,72558],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72559,69840],{"class":58},[20,72561,799,72562,72564],{},[15,72563,900],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72566,799,72567,72569],{},[15,72568,17],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72571,72572,72573,114],{},"For more detail, see the ",[221,72574,72575],{"href":54516},"Python list pop() method",[38,72577,72579],{"id":72578},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72581,72582,803,72584,72586],{},[15,72583,900],{},[15,72585,26464],{}," are also different.",[163,72588,72589,72594,72599,72604],{},[166,72590,72591,72593],{},[15,72592,900],{}," deletes by matching value",[166,72595,72596,72598],{},[15,72597,26464],{}," deletes by index or slice",[166,72600,799,72601,72603],{},[15,72602,26464],{}," when you know the position",[166,72605,799,72606,72608],{},[15,72607,900],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72610,45475,72611,202],{},[15,72612,26464],{},[43,72614,72616],{"className":45,"code":72615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72617,72618,72650,72662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72619,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72621,59],{"class":58},[52,72623,63],{"class":62},[52,72625,3063],{"class":66},[52,72627,71],{"class":70},[52,72629,75],{"class":74},[52,72631,71],{"class":70},[52,72633,80],{"class":66},[52,72635,83],{"class":70},[52,72637,86],{"class":74},[52,72639,71],{"class":70},[52,72641,80],{"class":66},[52,72643,83],{"class":70},[52,72645,32652],{"class":74},[52,72647,71],{"class":70},[52,72649,3076],{"class":66},[52,72651,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72653,26464],{"class":731},[52,72655,111],{"class":58},[52,72657,3344],{"class":66},[52,72659,948],{"class":947},[52,72661,3076],{"class":66},[52,72663,72664,72666,72668,72670],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,72665,135],{"class":134},[52,72667,138],{"class":66},[52,72669,154],{"class":117},[52,72671,144],{"class":66},[20,72673,1509],{},[43,72675,72676],{"className":45,"code":72421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,72677,72678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72679,72680,72682,72684,72686,72688,72690,72692,72694,72696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72681,3344],{"class":66},[52,72683,608],{"class":70},[52,72685,75],{"class":74},[52,72687,608],{"class":70},[52,72689,80],{"class":66},[52,72691,617],{"class":70},[52,72693,32652],{"class":74},[52,72695,608],{"class":70},[52,72697,3076],{"class":66},[20,72699,72700,72701,72703,72704,72706],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72702,948],{},", not the value ",[15,72705,64710],{}," directly.",[20,72708,72709,72710,114],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[221,72711,54505],{"href":1361},[38,72713,1158],{"id":1157},[20,72715,20651,72716,202],{},[15,72717,900],{},[163,72719,72720,72723,72728,72735,72744],{},[166,72721,72722],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[166,72724,1174,72725,72727],{},[15,72726,900],{}," to delete all matching values",[166,72729,12038,72730,72732,72733],{},[15,72731,900],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72734,3220],{},[166,72736,1185,72737,1312,72739,456,72741,72743],{},[15,72738,900],{},[15,72740,17],{},[15,72742,26464],{}," would be a better fit",[166,72745,72746],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72748,70939],{},[43,72750,72752],{"className":45,"code":72751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72753,72754,72764,72778,72796,72810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72755,72756,72758,72760,72762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72757,135],{"class":134},[52,72759,138],{"class":66},[52,72761,7786],{"class":117},[52,72763,144],{"class":66},[52,72765,72766,72768,72770,72772,72774,72776],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,72767,135],{"class":134},[52,72769,138],{"class":66},[52,72771,965],{"class":117},[52,72773,3326],{"class":731},[52,72775,7843],{"class":117},[52,72777,144],{"class":66},[52,72779,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,72781,135],{"class":134},[52,72783,138],{"class":66},[52,72785,7786],{"class":117},[52,72787,114],{"class":66},[52,72789,40693],{"class":117},[52,72791,138],{"class":66},[52,72793,985],{"class":117},[52,72795,1222],{"class":66},[52,72797,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806,72808],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,72799,135],{"class":134},[52,72801,138],{"class":66},[52,72803,1231],{"class":600},[52,72805,138],{"class":66},[52,72807,7786],{"class":117},[52,72809,1222],{"class":66},[52,72811,72812,72814,72816,72818,72820,72822],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,72813,31583],{"class":134},[52,72815,138],{"class":66},[52,72817,7540],{"class":600},[52,72819,114],{"class":66},[52,72821,1042],{"class":24190},[52,72823,144],{"class":66},[20,72825,72826],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[163,72828,72829,72832,72835,72838],{},[166,72830,72831],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[166,72833,72834],{},"How many times does it appear?",[166,72836,72837],{},"Am I working with a list?",[166,72839,72840],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72842,72843,72844,72846],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[221,72845,71102],{"href":58400}," may also help.",[38,72848,1273],{"id":1272},[699,72850,72852],{"id":72851},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72854,72855],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[699,72857,72859],{"id":72858},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72861,4592,72862,72864],{},[15,72863,3220],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[699,72866,72868],{"id":72867},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72870,72871,72872,72875,72876,114],{},"Check with ",[15,72873,72874],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72877,900],{},[699,72879,72881],{"id":72880},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72883,799,72884,72886,72887,72889],{},[15,72885,900],{}," for a value and ",[15,72888,17],{}," for an index.",[38,72891,1332],{"id":1331},[163,72893,72894,72898,72902,72906,72910],{},[166,72895,72896],{},[221,72897,1362],{"href":1361},[166,72899,72900],{},[221,72901,72575],{"href":54516},[166,72903,72904],{},[221,72905,71102],{"href":58400},[166,72907,72908],{},[221,72909,65275],{"href":72310},[166,72911,72912],{},[221,72913,72915],{"href":72914},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1364,72917,72918],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":72920},[72921,72922,72923,72924,72925,72926,72927,72928,72929,72930,72936],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":71247,"depth":103,"text":71248},{"id":4876,"depth":103,"text":4877},{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":71700,"depth":103,"text":71701},{"id":65065,"depth":103,"text":65066},{"id":72313,"depth":103,"text":72314},{"id":72578,"depth":103,"text":72579},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":72931},[72932,72933,72934,72935],{"id":72851,"depth":124,"text":72852},{"id":72858,"depth":124,"text":72859},{"id":72867,"depth":124,"text":72868},{"id":72880,"depth":124,"text":72881},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71150,"description":72937},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72944,"title":72945,"body":72946,"description":74837,"extension":1401,"meta":74838,"navigation":127,"path":74839,"seo":74840,"stem":74841,"__hash__":74842},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72947,"toc":74807},[72948,72954,72960,72963,72974,72976,73025,73030,73035,73039,73054,73056,73121,73123,73164,73166,73168,73183,73185,73196,73198,73255,73257,73290,73292,73295,73344,73346,73371,73373,73389,73395,73402,73463,73465,73498,73503,73506,73586,73588,73649,73655,73659,73662,73726,73728,73753,73755,73775,73777,73826,73828,73849,73858,73861,73865,73870,73915,73917,73938,73944,73949,73957,74021,74023,74060,74066,74070,74077,74142,74144,74181,74185,74202,74212,74217,74222,74233,74240,74242,74248,74271,74274,74301,74306,74309,74410,74412,74467,74470,74577,74579,74650,74653,74679,74681,74686,74690,74698,74703,74708,74714,74719,74723,74726,74743,74746,74766,74774,74776,74804],[10,72949,53780,72951,18],{"id":72950},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72952,72953],{},"reverse()",[20,72955,72956,72959],{},[15,72957,72958],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72961,72962],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72964,72965,72966,72968,72969,72973],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72967,72953],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[221,72970,72972],{"href":72971},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[38,72975,3049],{"id":3048},[43,72977,72979],{"className":45,"code":72978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72980,72981,73001,73012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72982,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993,72995,72997,72999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72984,940],{"class":58},[52,72986,63],{"class":62},[52,72988,3063],{"class":66},[52,72990,948],{"class":947},[52,72992,80],{"class":66},[52,72994,953],{"class":947},[52,72996,80],{"class":66},[52,72998,958],{"class":947},[52,73000,3076],{"class":66},[52,73002,73003,73005,73007,73010],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73004,1037],{"class":58},[52,73006,114],{"class":66},[52,73008,73009],{"class":117},"reverse",[52,73011,121],{"class":66},[52,73013,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73015,135],{"class":134},[52,73017,138],{"class":66},[52,73019,1037],{"class":117},[52,73021,3102],{"class":66},[52,73023,73024],{"class":3105},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73026,73027,73029],{},[15,73028,72953],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[38,73031,194,73033,197],{"id":73032},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73034,72958],{},[20,73036,73037,202],{},[15,73038,72958],{},[163,73040,73041,73044,73047,73051],{},[166,73042,73043],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[166,73045,73046],{},"Changes the original list directly",[166,73048,10865,73049],{},[15,73050,3220],{},[166,73052,73053],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73055,267],{},[43,73057,73059],{"className":45,"code":73058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73060,73061,73101,73111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73062,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089,73091,73093,73095,73097,73099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73064,35524],{"class":58},[52,73066,63],{"class":62},[52,73068,3063],{"class":66},[52,73070,71],{"class":70},[52,73072,221],{"class":74},[52,73074,71],{"class":70},[52,73076,80],{"class":66},[52,73078,83],{"class":70},[52,73080,4204],{"class":74},[52,73082,71],{"class":70},[52,73084,80],{"class":66},[52,73086,83],{"class":70},[52,73088,9187],{"class":74},[52,73090,71],{"class":70},[52,73092,80],{"class":66},[52,73094,83],{"class":70},[52,73096,18207],{"class":74},[52,73098,71],{"class":70},[52,73100,3076],{"class":66},[52,73102,73103,73105,73107,73109],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73104,35577],{"class":58},[52,73106,114],{"class":66},[52,73108,73009],{"class":117},[52,73110,121],{"class":66},[52,73112,73113,73115,73117,73119],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73114,135],{"class":134},[52,73116,138],{"class":66},[52,73118,35577],{"class":117},[52,73120,144],{"class":66},[20,73122,1509],{},[43,73124,73126],{"className":45,"code":73125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73127,73128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73129,73130,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160,73162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73131,3344],{"class":66},[52,73133,608],{"class":70},[52,73135,18207],{"class":74},[52,73137,608],{"class":70},[52,73139,80],{"class":66},[52,73141,617],{"class":70},[52,73143,9187],{"class":74},[52,73145,608],{"class":70},[52,73147,80],{"class":66},[52,73149,617],{"class":70},[52,73151,4204],{"class":74},[52,73153,608],{"class":70},[52,73155,80],{"class":66},[52,73157,617],{"class":70},[52,73159,221],{"class":74},[52,73161,608],{"class":70},[52,73163,3076],{"class":66},[38,73165,228],{"id":227},[20,73167,1597],{},[43,73169,73171],{"className":45,"code":73170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73172,73173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73174,73175,73177,73179,73181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73176,7786],{"class":58},[52,73178,114],{"class":66},[52,73180,73009],{"class":117},[52,73182,121],{"class":66},[20,73184,247],{},[163,73186,73187,73190,73193],{},[166,73188,73189],{},"No arguments are needed",[166,73191,73192],{},"You call it on an existing list",[166,73194,73195],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73197,267],{},[43,73199,73201],{"className":45,"code":73200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73202,73203,73235,73245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73204,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215,73217,73219,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73206,277],{"class":58},[52,73208,63],{"class":62},[52,73210,3063],{"class":66},[52,73212,71],{"class":70},[52,73214,286],{"class":74},[52,73216,71],{"class":70},[52,73218,80],{"class":66},[52,73220,83],{"class":70},[52,73222,304],{"class":74},[52,73224,71],{"class":70},[52,73226,80],{"class":66},[52,73228,83],{"class":70},[52,73230,295],{"class":74},[52,73232,71],{"class":70},[52,73234,3076],{"class":66},[52,73236,73237,73239,73241,73243],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73238,348],{"class":58},[52,73240,114],{"class":66},[52,73242,73009],{"class":117},[52,73244,121],{"class":66},[52,73246,73247,73249,73251,73253],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73248,135],{"class":134},[52,73250,138],{"class":66},[52,73252,348],{"class":117},[52,73254,144],{"class":66},[20,73256,1509],{},[43,73258,73260],{"className":45,"code":73259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73261,73262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73263,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73265,3344],{"class":66},[52,73267,608],{"class":70},[52,73269,295],{"class":74},[52,73271,608],{"class":70},[52,73273,80],{"class":66},[52,73275,617],{"class":70},[52,73277,304],{"class":74},[52,73279,608],{"class":70},[52,73281,80],{"class":66},[52,73283,617],{"class":70},[52,73285,286],{"class":74},[52,73287,608],{"class":70},[52,73289,3076],{"class":66},[38,73291,10917],{"id":10916},[20,73293,73294],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[43,73296,73298],{"className":45,"code":73297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73299,73300,73324,73334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73301,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320,73322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73303,940],{"class":58},[52,73305,63],{"class":62},[52,73307,3063],{"class":66},[52,73309,1770],{"class":947},[52,73311,80],{"class":66},[52,73313,7237],{"class":947},[52,73315,80],{"class":66},[52,73317,7242],{"class":947},[52,73319,80],{"class":66},[52,73321,50280],{"class":947},[52,73323,3076],{"class":66},[52,73325,73326,73328,73330,73332],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73327,1037],{"class":58},[52,73329,114],{"class":66},[52,73331,73009],{"class":117},[52,73333,121],{"class":66},[52,73335,73336,73338,73340,73342],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73337,135],{"class":134},[52,73339,138],{"class":66},[52,73341,1037],{"class":117},[52,73343,144],{"class":66},[20,73345,1509],{},[43,73347,73349],{"className":45,"code":73348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73350,73351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73352,73353,73355,73357,73359,73361,73363,73365,73367,73369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73354,3344],{"class":66},[52,73356,56128],{"class":947},[52,73358,80],{"class":66},[52,73360,7242],{"class":947},[52,73362,80],{"class":66},[52,73364,7237],{"class":947},[52,73366,80],{"class":66},[52,73368,5451],{"class":947},[52,73370,3076],{"class":66},[20,73372,11126],{},[163,73374,73375,73381,73386],{},[166,73376,73377,73378],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73379,73380],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[166,73382,73383,73385],{},[15,73384,72953],{}," flips the order",[166,73387,73388],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[38,73390,73392,73394],{"id":73391},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73393,72953],{}," changes the original list",[20,73396,73397,73398,73401],{},"This method is ",[30,73399,73400],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[43,73403,73405],{"className":45,"code":73404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73406,73407,73439,73449,73453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73408,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73410,393],{"class":58},[52,73412,63],{"class":62},[52,73414,3063],{"class":66},[52,73416,71],{"class":70},[52,73418,75],{"class":74},[52,73420,71],{"class":70},[52,73422,80],{"class":66},[52,73424,83],{"class":70},[52,73426,86],{"class":74},[52,73428,71],{"class":70},[52,73430,80],{"class":66},[52,73432,83],{"class":70},[52,73434,95],{"class":74},[52,73436,71],{"class":70},[52,73438,3076],{"class":66},[52,73440,73441,73443,73445,73447],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73442,426],{"class":58},[52,73444,114],{"class":66},[52,73446,73009],{"class":117},[52,73448,121],{"class":66},[52,73450,73451],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73452,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,73454,73455,73457,73459,73461],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73456,135],{"class":134},[52,73458,138],{"class":66},[52,73460,426],{"class":117},[52,73462,144],{"class":66},[20,73464,1509],{},[43,73466,73468],{"className":45,"code":73467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73469,73470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73471,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480,73482,73484,73486,73488,73490,73492,73494,73496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73473,3344],{"class":66},[52,73475,608],{"class":70},[52,73477,95],{"class":74},[52,73479,608],{"class":70},[52,73481,80],{"class":66},[52,73483,617],{"class":70},[52,73485,86],{"class":74},[52,73487,608],{"class":70},[52,73489,80],{"class":66},[52,73491,617],{"class":70},[52,73493,75],{"class":74},[52,73495,608],{"class":70},[52,73497,3076],{"class":66},[20,73499,799,73500,73502],{},[15,73501,72953],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73504,73505],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[43,73507,73509],{"className":45,"code":73508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73510,73511,73543,73561,73565,73575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73512,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527,73529,73531,73533,73535,73537,73539,73541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73514,393],{"class":58},[52,73516,63],{"class":62},[52,73518,3063],{"class":66},[52,73520,71],{"class":70},[52,73522,75],{"class":74},[52,73524,71],{"class":70},[52,73526,80],{"class":66},[52,73528,83],{"class":70},[52,73530,86],{"class":74},[52,73532,71],{"class":70},[52,73534,80],{"class":66},[52,73536,83],{"class":70},[52,73538,95],{"class":74},[52,73540,71],{"class":70},[52,73542,3076],{"class":66},[52,73544,73545,73548,73550,73552,73555,73557,73559],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73546,73547],{"class":58},"reversed_fruits ",[52,73549,63],{"class":62},[52,73551,52289],{"class":58},[52,73553,73554],{"class":66},"[::",[52,73556,1460],{"class":62},[52,73558,948],{"class":947},[52,73560,3076],{"class":66},[52,73562,73563],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73564,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,73566,73567,73569,73571,73573],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73568,135],{"class":134},[52,73570,138],{"class":66},[52,73572,426],{"class":117},[52,73574,144],{"class":66},[52,73576,73577,73579,73581,73584],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,73578,135],{"class":134},[52,73580,138],{"class":66},[52,73582,73583],{"class":117},"reversed_fruits",[52,73585,144],{"class":66},[20,73587,1509],{},[43,73589,73591],{"className":45,"code":73590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73592,73593,73621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73594,73595,73597,73599,73601,73603,73605,73607,73609,73611,73613,73615,73617,73619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73596,3344],{"class":66},[52,73598,608],{"class":70},[52,73600,75],{"class":74},[52,73602,608],{"class":70},[52,73604,80],{"class":66},[52,73606,617],{"class":70},[52,73608,86],{"class":74},[52,73610,608],{"class":70},[52,73612,80],{"class":66},[52,73614,617],{"class":70},[52,73616,95],{"class":74},[52,73618,608],{"class":70},[52,73620,3076],{"class":66},[52,73622,73623,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73624,3344],{"class":66},[52,73626,608],{"class":70},[52,73628,95],{"class":74},[52,73630,608],{"class":70},[52,73632,80],{"class":66},[52,73634,617],{"class":70},[52,73636,86],{"class":74},[52,73638,608],{"class":70},[52,73640,80],{"class":66},[52,73642,617],{"class":70},[52,73644,75],{"class":74},[52,73646,608],{"class":70},[52,73648,3076],{"class":66},[20,73650,73651,73652,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[221,73653,73654],{"href":72971},"Python list slicing explained",[38,73656,73658],{"id":73657},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73660,73661],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[43,73663,73665],{"className":45,"code":73664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73666,73667,73687,73701,73705,73716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73668,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73670,940],{"class":58},[52,73672,63],{"class":62},[52,73674,3063],{"class":66},[52,73676,948],{"class":947},[52,73678,80],{"class":66},[52,73680,953],{"class":947},[52,73682,80],{"class":66},[52,73684,958],{"class":947},[52,73686,3076],{"class":66},[52,73688,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73690,55325],{"class":58},[52,73692,63],{"class":62},[52,73694,970],{"class":58},[52,73696,114],{"class":66},[52,73698,73009],{"class":117},[52,73700,121],{"class":66},[52,73702,73703],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73704,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,73706,73707,73709,73711,73714],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73708,135],{"class":134},[52,73710,138],{"class":66},[52,73712,73713],{"class":117},"new_list",[52,73715,144],{"class":66},[52,73717,73718,73720,73722,73724],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,73719,135],{"class":134},[52,73721,138],{"class":66},[52,73723,1037],{"class":117},[52,73725,144],{"class":66},[20,73727,1509],{},[43,73729,73731],{"className":45,"code":73730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73732,73733,73737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73734,73735],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73736,11251],{"class":3295},[52,73738,73739,73741,73743,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73740,3344],{"class":66},[52,73742,1500],{"class":947},[52,73744,80],{"class":66},[52,73746,953],{"class":947},[52,73748,80],{"class":66},[52,73750,4944],{"class":947},[52,73752,3076],{"class":66},[20,73754,11343],{},[163,73756,73757,73765,73769],{},[166,73758,73759,73761,73762,73764],{},[15,73760,72953],{}," changes ",[15,73763,1037],{}," directly",[166,73766,40339,73767,71271],{},[30,73768,32],{},[166,73770,53091,73771,41589,73773],{},[15,73772,73713],{},[15,73774,3220],{},[20,73776,61334],{},[43,73778,73780],{"className":45,"code":73779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73781,73782,73802,73812,73816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73783,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73785,940],{"class":58},[52,73787,63],{"class":62},[52,73789,3063],{"class":66},[52,73791,948],{"class":947},[52,73793,80],{"class":66},[52,73795,953],{"class":947},[52,73797,80],{"class":66},[52,73799,958],{"class":947},[52,73801,3076],{"class":66},[52,73803,73804,73806,73808,73810],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73805,1037],{"class":58},[52,73807,114],{"class":66},[52,73809,73009],{"class":117},[52,73811,121],{"class":66},[52,73813,73814],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73815,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,73817,73818,73820,73822,73824],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,73819,135],{"class":134},[52,73821,138],{"class":66},[52,73823,1037],{"class":117},[52,73825,144],{"class":66},[20,73827,1509],{},[43,73829,73831],{"className":45,"code":73830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73832,73833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73834,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843,73845,73847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73836,3344],{"class":66},[52,73838,1500],{"class":947},[52,73840,80],{"class":66},[52,73842,953],{"class":947},[52,73844,80],{"class":66},[52,73846,4944],{"class":947},[52,73848,3076],{"class":66},[38,73850,73852,897,73854,73857],{"id":73851},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73853,72953],{},[15,73855,73856],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73859,73860],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[699,73862,73863],{"id":73009},[15,73864,72953],{},[20,73866,73867,73869],{},[15,73868,72953],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[43,73871,73873],{"className":45,"code":73872,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73874,73875,73895,73905],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73876,73877,73879,73881,73883,73885,73887,73889,73891,73893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73878,940],{"class":58},[52,73880,63],{"class":62},[52,73882,3063],{"class":66},[52,73884,1500],{"class":947},[52,73886,80],{"class":66},[52,73888,4944],{"class":947},[52,73890,80],{"class":66},[52,73892,953],{"class":947},[52,73894,3076],{"class":66},[52,73896,73897,73899,73901,73903],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73898,1037],{"class":58},[52,73900,114],{"class":66},[52,73902,73009],{"class":117},[52,73904,121],{"class":66},[52,73906,73907,73909,73911,73913],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,73908,135],{"class":134},[52,73910,138],{"class":66},[52,73912,1037],{"class":117},[52,73914,144],{"class":66},[20,73916,1509],{},[43,73918,73920],{"className":45,"code":73919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73921,73922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73923,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73925,3344],{"class":66},[52,73927,1047],{"class":947},[52,73929,80],{"class":66},[52,73931,4944],{"class":947},[52,73933,80],{"class":66},[52,73935,958],{"class":947},[52,73937,3076],{"class":66},[20,73939,73940,73941,73943],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,73942,32],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[699,73945,73947],{"id":73946},"sorted",[15,73948,73856],{},[20,73950,73951,73956],{},[221,73952,73954],{"href":73953},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73955,73856],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[43,73958,73960],{"className":45,"code":73959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73961,73962,73982,73997,74001,74011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73963,73964,73966,73968,73970,73972,73974,73976,73978,73980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73965,940],{"class":58},[52,73967,63],{"class":62},[52,73969,3063],{"class":66},[52,73971,1500],{"class":947},[52,73973,80],{"class":66},[52,73975,4944],{"class":947},[52,73977,80],{"class":66},[52,73979,953],{"class":947},[52,73981,3076],{"class":66},[52,73983,73984,73986,73988,73991,73993,73995],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,73985,1668],{"class":58},[52,73987,63],{"class":62},[52,73989,73990],{"class":134}," sorted",[52,73992,138],{"class":66},[52,73994,1037],{"class":117},[52,73996,144],{"class":66},[52,73998,73999],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74000,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74002,74003,74005,74007,74009],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74004,135],{"class":134},[52,74006,138],{"class":66},[52,74008,1037],{"class":117},[52,74010,144],{"class":66},[52,74012,74013,74015,74017,74019],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,74014,135],{"class":134},[52,74016,138],{"class":66},[52,74018,1703],{"class":117},[52,74020,144],{"class":66},[20,74022,1509],{},[43,74024,74026],{"className":45,"code":74025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74027,74028,74044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74029,74030,74032,74034,74036,74038,74040,74042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74031,3344],{"class":66},[52,74033,1500],{"class":947},[52,74035,80],{"class":66},[52,74037,4944],{"class":947},[52,74039,80],{"class":66},[52,74041,953],{"class":947},[52,74043,3076],{"class":66},[52,74045,74046,74048,74050,74052,74054,74056,74058],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74047,3344],{"class":66},[52,74049,948],{"class":947},[52,74051,80],{"class":66},[52,74053,953],{"class":947},[52,74055,80],{"class":66},[52,74057,958],{"class":947},[52,74059,3076],{"class":66},[20,74061,74062,74063,114],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74064,74065],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[699,74067,74069],{"id":74068},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74071,74072,74073,74076],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74074,74075],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[43,74078,74080],{"className":45,"code":74079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74081,74082,74102,74118,74122,74132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74083,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094,74096,74098,74100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74085,940],{"class":58},[52,74087,63],{"class":62},[52,74089,3063],{"class":66},[52,74091,1500],{"class":947},[52,74093,80],{"class":66},[52,74095,4944],{"class":947},[52,74097,80],{"class":66},[52,74099,953],{"class":947},[52,74101,3076],{"class":66},[52,74103,74104,74106,74108,74110,74112,74114,74116],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74105,1668],{"class":58},[52,74107,63],{"class":62},[52,74109,970],{"class":58},[52,74111,73554],{"class":66},[52,74113,1460],{"class":62},[52,74115,948],{"class":947},[52,74117,3076],{"class":66},[52,74119,74120],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74121,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74123,74124,74126,74128,74130],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74125,135],{"class":134},[52,74127,138],{"class":66},[52,74129,1037],{"class":117},[52,74131,144],{"class":66},[52,74133,74134,74136,74138,74140],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,74135,135],{"class":134},[52,74137,138],{"class":66},[52,74139,1703],{"class":117},[52,74141,144],{"class":66},[20,74143,1509],{},[43,74145,74147],{"className":45,"code":74146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74148,74149,74165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74150,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74152,3344],{"class":66},[52,74154,1500],{"class":947},[52,74156,80],{"class":66},[52,74158,4944],{"class":947},[52,74160,80],{"class":66},[52,74162,953],{"class":947},[52,74164,3076],{"class":66},[52,74166,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74168,3344],{"class":66},[52,74170,1047],{"class":947},[52,74172,80],{"class":66},[52,74174,4944],{"class":947},[52,74176,80],{"class":66},[52,74178,958],{"class":947},[52,74180,3076],{"class":66},[699,74182,74184],{"id":74183},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[163,74186,74187,74192,74197],{},[166,74188,799,74189,74191],{},[15,74190,72953],{}," when you want to change the original list",[166,74193,799,74194,74196],{},[15,74195,74075],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[166,74198,799,74199,74201],{},[15,74200,73856],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74203,74204,74205,74211],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[221,74206,74208,74209,1070],{"href":74207},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74210,63747],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[38,74213,894,74215],{"id":74214},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74216,72953],{},[20,74218,74219,74221],{},[15,74220,72953],{}," is a good choice:",[163,74223,74224,74227,74230],{},[166,74225,74226],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[166,74228,74229],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[166,74231,74232],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74234,74235,74236,114],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[221,74237,74239],{"href":74238},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[38,74241,1158],{"id":1157},[20,74243,74244,74245,74247],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74246,72953],{}," for these reasons:",[163,74249,74250,74254,74259,74264],{},[166,74251,12038,74252,12041],{},[15,74253,72953],{},[166,74255,1174,74256,74258],{},[15,74257,72953],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[166,74260,1185,74261,74263],{},[15,74262,72953],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[166,74265,36636,74266,8151,74268],{},[15,74267,72953],{},[15,74269,74270],{},"reversed()",[20,74272,74273],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[43,74275,74277],{"className":45,"code":74276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74278,74279,74291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74280,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74282,34120],{"class":58},[52,74284,63],{"class":62},[52,74286,83],{"class":70},[52,74288,3288],{"class":74},[52,74290,2797],{"class":70},[52,74292,74293,74295,74297,74299],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74294,34141],{"class":58},[52,74296,114],{"class":66},[52,74298,73009],{"class":117},[52,74300,121],{"class":66},[20,74302,74303,74304,33032],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74305,72953],{},[20,74307,74308],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[43,74310,74312],{"className":45,"code":74311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74313,74314,74334,74338,74348,74362,74366,74380,74390,74394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74315,74316,74318,74320,74322,74324,74326,74328,74330,74332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74317,7755],{"class":58},[52,74319,63],{"class":62},[52,74321,3063],{"class":66},[52,74323,948],{"class":947},[52,74325,80],{"class":66},[52,74327,953],{"class":947},[52,74329,80],{"class":66},[52,74331,958],{"class":947},[52,74333,3076],{"class":66},[52,74335,74336],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74337,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74339,74340,74342,74344,74346],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74341,135],{"class":134},[52,74343,138],{"class":66},[52,74345,7786],{"class":117},[52,74347,144],{"class":66},[52,74349,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74351,135],{"class":134},[52,74353,138],{"class":66},[52,74355,1231],{"class":600},[52,74357,138],{"class":66},[52,74359,7786],{"class":117},[52,74361,1222],{"class":66},[52,74363,74364],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,74365,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74367,74368,74370,74372,74374,74376,74378],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,74369,1668],{"class":58},[52,74371,63],{"class":62},[52,74373,7843],{"class":58},[52,74375,114],{"class":66},[52,74377,73009],{"class":117},[52,74379,121],{"class":66},[52,74381,74382,74384,74386,74388],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,74383,135],{"class":134},[52,74385,138],{"class":66},[52,74387,1703],{"class":117},[52,74389,144],{"class":66},[52,74391,74392],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,74393,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74395,74396,74398,74400,74402,74404,74406,74408],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,74397,135],{"class":134},[52,74399,138],{"class":66},[52,74401,7786],{"class":117},[52,74403,73554],{"class":66},[52,74405,1460],{"class":62},[52,74407,948],{"class":947},[52,74409,3332],{"class":66},[20,74411,1509],{},[43,74413,74415],{"className":45,"code":74414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74416,74417,74433,74447,74451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74418,74419,74421,74423,74425,74427,74429,74431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74420,3344],{"class":66},[52,74422,948],{"class":947},[52,74424,80],{"class":66},[52,74426,953],{"class":947},[52,74428,80],{"class":66},[52,74430,958],{"class":947},[52,74432,3076],{"class":66},[52,74434,74435,74437,74439,74441,74443,74445],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74436,2729],{"class":62},[52,74438,2732],{"class":1503},[52,74440,617],{"class":70},[52,74442,7540],{"class":74},[52,74444,608],{"class":70},[52,74446,2741],{"class":62},[52,74448,74449],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74450,11251],{"class":3295},[52,74452,74453,74455,74457,74459,74461,74463,74465],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74454,3344],{"class":66},[52,74456,948],{"class":947},[52,74458,80],{"class":66},[52,74460,953],{"class":947},[52,74462,80],{"class":66},[52,74464,4944],{"class":947},[52,74466,3076],{"class":66},[20,74468,74469],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[43,74471,74473],{"className":45,"code":74472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74474,74475,74495,74499,74509,74523,74527,74541,74551,74561],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74476,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491,74493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74478,7755],{"class":58},[52,74480,63],{"class":62},[52,74482,3063],{"class":66},[52,74484,948],{"class":947},[52,74486,80],{"class":66},[52,74488,953],{"class":947},[52,74490,80],{"class":66},[52,74492,958],{"class":947},[52,74494,3076],{"class":66},[52,74496,74497],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74498,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74500,74501,74503,74505,74507],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74502,135],{"class":134},[52,74504,138],{"class":66},[52,74506,7786],{"class":117},[52,74508,144],{"class":66},[52,74510,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74512,135],{"class":134},[52,74514,138],{"class":66},[52,74516,1231],{"class":600},[52,74518,138],{"class":66},[52,74520,7786],{"class":117},[52,74522,1222],{"class":66},[52,74524,74525],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,74526,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74528,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,74530,1668],{"class":58},[52,74532,63],{"class":62},[52,74534,7843],{"class":58},[52,74536,114],{"class":66},[52,74538,73009],{"class":117},[52,74540,121],{"class":66},[52,74542,74543,74545,74547,74549],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,74544,135],{"class":134},[52,74546,138],{"class":66},[52,74548,1703],{"class":117},[52,74550,144],{"class":66},[52,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,74554,135],{"class":134},[52,74556,138],{"class":66},[52,74558,7786],{"class":117},[52,74560,144],{"class":66},[52,74562,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,74564,135],{"class":134},[52,74566,138],{"class":66},[52,74568,7786],{"class":117},[52,74570,73554],{"class":66},[52,74572,1460],{"class":62},[52,74574,948],{"class":947},[52,74576,3332],{"class":66},[20,74578,1509],{},[43,74580,74582],{"className":45,"code":74581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74583,74584,74600,74614,74618,74634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74585,74586,74588,74590,74592,74594,74596,74598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74587,3344],{"class":66},[52,74589,948],{"class":947},[52,74591,80],{"class":66},[52,74593,953],{"class":947},[52,74595,80],{"class":66},[52,74597,958],{"class":947},[52,74599,3076],{"class":66},[52,74601,74602,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74603,2729],{"class":62},[52,74605,2732],{"class":1503},[52,74607,617],{"class":70},[52,74609,7540],{"class":74},[52,74611,608],{"class":70},[52,74613,2741],{"class":62},[52,74615,74616],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74617,11251],{"class":3295},[52,74619,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630,74632],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74621,3344],{"class":66},[52,74623,1500],{"class":947},[52,74625,80],{"class":66},[52,74627,953],{"class":947},[52,74629,80],{"class":66},[52,74631,4944],{"class":947},[52,74633,3076],{"class":66},[52,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,74637,3344],{"class":66},[52,74639,948],{"class":947},[52,74641,80],{"class":66},[52,74643,953],{"class":947},[52,74645,80],{"class":66},[52,74647,958],{"class":947},[52,74649,3076],{"class":66},[20,74651,74652],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[163,74654,74655,74664,74673],{},[166,74656,27234,74657,74660,74661],{},[15,74658,74659],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74662,74663],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[166,74665,11359,74666,74669,74670,22000],{},[15,74667,74668],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,74671,74672],{},"current",[166,74674,74675,74676],{},"So it prints ",[15,74677,74678],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[38,74680,1273],{"id":1272},[699,74682,1277,74684,54906],{"id":74683},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74685,72958],{},[20,74687,62038,74688,114],{},[15,74689,3220],{},[699,74691,33637,74693,33640,74695,1293],{"id":74692},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74694,72953],{},[15,74696,74697],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74699,74700,74702],{},[15,74701,72953],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74704,74705,74707],{},[15,74706,74697],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[699,74709,27767,74711,74713],{"id":74710},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74712,72953],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74715,45800,74716,74718],{},[15,74717,72953],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[699,74720,74722],{"id":74721},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74724,74725],{},"Use slicing:",[43,74727,74729],{"className":45,"code":74728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74730,74731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74732,74733,74735,74737,74739,74741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74734,7786],{"class":58},[52,74736,73554],{"class":66},[52,74738,1460],{"class":62},[52,74740,948],{"class":947},[52,74742,3076],{"class":66},[20,74744,74745],{},"Or use:",[43,74747,74749],{"className":45,"code":74748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74750,74751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74752,74753,74755,74757,74760,74762,74764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74754,7540],{"class":600},[52,74756,138],{"class":66},[52,74758,74759],{"class":134},"reversed",[52,74761,138],{"class":66},[52,74763,7786],{"class":117},[52,74765,1222],{"class":66},[20,74767,74768,74769,74773],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[221,74770,54956,74771],{"href":54398},[15,74772,12219],{}," can also help.",[38,74775,1332],{"id":1331},[163,74777,74778,74784,74790,74794,74798],{},[166,74779,74780],{},[221,74781,54956,74782,1070],{"href":74207},[15,74783,63747],{},[166,74785,74786],{},[221,74787,3015,74788,2948],{"href":73953},[15,74789,73856],{},[166,74791,74792],{},[221,74793,74239],{"href":74238},[166,74795,74796],{},[221,74797,73654],{"href":72971},[166,74799,74800],{},[221,74801,54956,74802,1070],{"href":54398},[15,74803,12219],{},[1364,74805,74806],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":74808},[74809,74810,74812,74813,74814,74816,74817,74824,74826,74827,74836],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":73032,"depth":103,"text":74811},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":73391,"depth":103,"text":74815},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73657,"depth":103,"text":73658},{"id":73851,"depth":103,"text":74818,"children":74819},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74820,74821,74822,74823],{"id":73009,"depth":124,"text":72953},{"id":73946,"depth":124,"text":73856},{"id":74068,"depth":124,"text":74069},{"id":74183,"depth":124,"text":74184},{"id":74214,"depth":103,"text":74825},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":74828},[74829,74831,74833,74835],{"id":74683,"depth":124,"text":74830},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74692,"depth":124,"text":74832},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74710,"depth":124,"text":74834},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74721,"depth":124,"text":74722},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72945,"description":74837},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74844,"title":74845,"body":74846,"description":77279,"extension":1401,"meta":77280,"navigation":127,"path":77281,"seo":77282,"stem":77283,"__hash__":77284},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74847,"toc":77247},[74848,74851,74863,74866,74889,74897,74899,75011,75020,75024,75027,75030,75117,75119,75152,75154,75177,75183,75187,75190,75212,75214,75231,75234,75254,75256,75366,75368,75445,75449,75452,75495,75497,75630,75632,75734,75739,75743,75746,75748,75762,75765,75879,75881,75955,75957,75985,75989,75994,76024,76027,76153,76155,76237,76243,76247,76249,76288,76297,76301,76304,76308,76355,76357,76365,76369,76420,76422,76435,76437,76451,76454,76462,76464,76511,76513,76521,76524,76567,76572,76575,76578,76601,76605,76656,76659,76680,76690,76694,76696,76726,76729,76752,76756,76759,76826,76828,76865,76868,76876,76943,76945,76982,76988,76995,76999,77002,77032,77037,77041,77044,77068,77071,77165,77175,77177,77181,77184,77188,77191,77196,77199,77205,77208,77210,77238,77244],[10,74849,74845],{"id":74850},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74852,74853,74854,1627,74856,16512,74859,74862],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74855,35506],{},[15,74857,74858],{},"stop",[15,74860,74861],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74864,74865],{},"The basic slice form is:",[43,74867,74869],{"className":45,"code":74868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74870,74871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74872,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881,74883,74885,74887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74874,7786],{"class":58},[52,74876,3344],{"class":66},[52,74878,35506],{"class":58},[52,74880,202],{"class":66},[52,74882,74858],{"class":58},[52,74884,202],{"class":66},[52,74886,74861],{"class":58},[52,74888,3076],{"class":66},[20,74890,74891,74892,74894,74895,114],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74893,74858],{}," position is ",[30,74896,64505],{},[38,74898,41],{"id":40},[43,74900,74902],{"className":45,"code":74901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74903,74904,74932,74936,74957,74975,74992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74905,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926,74928,74930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74907,940],{"class":58},[52,74909,63],{"class":62},[52,74911,3063],{"class":66},[52,74913,1770],{"class":947},[52,74915,80],{"class":66},[52,74917,7237],{"class":947},[52,74919,80],{"class":66},[52,74921,7242],{"class":947},[52,74923,80],{"class":66},[52,74925,50280],{"class":947},[52,74927,80],{"class":66},[52,74929,4524],{"class":947},[52,74931,3076],{"class":66},[52,74933,74934],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,74935,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,74937,74938,74940,74942,74944,74946,74948,74950,74952,74954],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,74939,135],{"class":134},[52,74941,138],{"class":66},[52,74943,1037],{"class":117},[52,74945,3344],{"class":66},[52,74947,948],{"class":947},[52,74949,202],{"class":66},[52,74951,1943],{"class":947},[52,74953,19885],{"class":66},[52,74955,74956],{"class":3105},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[52,74958,74959,74961,74963,74965,74968,74970,74972],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,74960,135],{"class":134},[52,74962,138],{"class":66},[52,74964,1037],{"class":117},[52,74966,74967],{"class":66},"[:",[52,74969,1500],{"class":947},[52,74971,19885],{"class":66},[52,74973,74974],{"class":3105},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[52,74976,74977,74979,74981,74983,74985,74987,74989],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,74978,135],{"class":134},[52,74980,138],{"class":66},[52,74982,1037],{"class":117},[52,74984,73554],{"class":66},[52,74986,1047],{"class":947},[52,74988,19885],{"class":66},[52,74990,74991],{"class":3105},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[52,74993,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,74995,135],{"class":134},[52,74997,138],{"class":66},[52,74999,1037],{"class":117},[52,75001,73554],{"class":66},[52,75003,1460],{"class":62},[52,75005,948],{"class":947},[52,75007,19885],{"class":66},[52,75009,75010],{"class":3105},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75012,799,75013,75016,75017,75019],{},[15,75014,75015],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75018,74858],{}," value is not included.",[38,75021,75023],{"id":75022},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75025,75026],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75028,75029],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[43,75031,75033],{"className":45,"code":75032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75034,75035,75083,75087,75106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75036,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045,75047,75049,75051,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75038,35524],{"class":58},[52,75040,63],{"class":62},[52,75042,3063],{"class":66},[52,75044,71],{"class":70},[52,75046,221],{"class":74},[52,75048,71],{"class":70},[52,75050,80],{"class":66},[52,75052,83],{"class":70},[52,75054,4204],{"class":74},[52,75056,71],{"class":70},[52,75058,80],{"class":66},[52,75060,83],{"class":70},[52,75062,9187],{"class":74},[52,75064,71],{"class":70},[52,75066,80],{"class":66},[52,75068,83],{"class":70},[52,75070,18207],{"class":74},[52,75072,71],{"class":70},[52,75074,80],{"class":66},[52,75076,83],{"class":70},[52,75078,59883],{"class":74},[52,75080,71],{"class":70},[52,75082,3076],{"class":66},[52,75084,75085],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75086,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,75088,75089,75092,75094,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75090,75091],{"class":58},"part ",[52,75093,63],{"class":62},[52,75095,69530],{"class":58},[52,75097,3344],{"class":66},[52,75099,948],{"class":947},[52,75101,202],{"class":66},[52,75103,1943],{"class":947},[52,75105,3076],{"class":66},[52,75107,75108,75110,75112,75115],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75109,135],{"class":134},[52,75111,138],{"class":66},[52,75113,75114],{"class":117},"part",[52,75116,144],{"class":66},[20,75118,1509],{},[43,75120,75122],{"className":45,"code":75121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75123,75124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75125,75126,75128,75130,75132,75134,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148,75150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75127,3344],{"class":66},[52,75129,608],{"class":70},[52,75131,4204],{"class":74},[52,75133,608],{"class":70},[52,75135,80],{"class":66},[52,75137,617],{"class":70},[52,75139,9187],{"class":74},[52,75141,608],{"class":70},[52,75143,80],{"class":66},[52,75145,617],{"class":70},[52,75147,18207],{"class":74},[52,75149,608],{"class":70},[52,75151,3076],{"class":66},[20,75153,247],{},[163,75155,75156,75159,75162,75168,75174],{},[166,75157,75158],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[166,75160,75161],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[166,75163,75164,75165],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75166,75167],{},"list[start:stop]",[166,75169,75170,75171,75173],{},"The item at ",[15,75172,74858],{}," is not included",[166,75175,75176],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75178,75179,75180,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[221,75181,75182],{"href":50416},"beginner guide to Python lists",[38,75184,75186],{"id":75185},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75188,75189],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[43,75191,75192],{"className":45,"code":74868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,75193,75194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75195,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75197,7786],{"class":58},[52,75199,3344],{"class":66},[52,75201,35506],{"class":58},[52,75203,202],{"class":66},[52,75205,74858],{"class":58},[52,75207,202],{"class":66},[52,75209,74861],{"class":58},[52,75211,3076],{"class":66},[20,75213,64481],{},[163,75215,75216,75221,75226],{},[166,75217,75218,75220],{},[15,75219,35506],{}," is where slicing begins",[166,75222,75223,75225],{},[15,75224,74858],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[166,75227,75228,75230],{},[15,75229,74861],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75232,75233],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[163,75235,75236,75242,75247],{},[166,75237,75238,75239,75241],{},"Missing ",[15,75240,35506],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[166,75243,75238,75244,75246],{},[15,75245,74858],{}," means go to the end of the list",[166,75248,75238,75249,75251,75252],{},[15,75250,74861],{}," means use ",[15,75253,948],{},[20,75255,267],{},[43,75257,75259],{"className":45,"code":75258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75260,75261,75289,75293,75314,75331,75349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75262,75263,75265,75267,75269,75271,75273,75275,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75264,940],{"class":58},[52,75266,63],{"class":62},[52,75268,3063],{"class":66},[52,75270,1770],{"class":947},[52,75272,80],{"class":66},[52,75274,7237],{"class":947},[52,75276,80],{"class":66},[52,75278,7242],{"class":947},[52,75280,80],{"class":66},[52,75282,50280],{"class":947},[52,75284,80],{"class":66},[52,75286,4524],{"class":947},[52,75288,3076],{"class":66},[52,75290,75291],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75292,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,75294,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309,75311],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75296,135],{"class":134},[52,75298,138],{"class":66},[52,75300,1037],{"class":117},[52,75302,3344],{"class":66},[52,75304,948],{"class":947},[52,75306,202],{"class":66},[52,75308,1943],{"class":947},[52,75310,19885],{"class":66},[52,75312,75313],{"class":3105},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[52,75315,75316,75318,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75317,135],{"class":134},[52,75319,138],{"class":66},[52,75321,1037],{"class":117},[52,75323,74967],{"class":66},[52,75325,1500],{"class":947},[52,75327,19885],{"class":66},[52,75329,75330],{"class":3105},"    # start from the beginning\n",[52,75332,75333,75335,75337,75339,75341,75343,75346],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,75334,135],{"class":134},[52,75336,138],{"class":66},[52,75338,1037],{"class":117},[52,75340,3344],{"class":66},[52,75342,1047],{"class":947},[52,75344,75345],{"class":66},":])",[52,75347,75348],{"class":3105},"    # go to the end\n",[52,75350,75351,75353,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,75352,135],{"class":134},[52,75354,138],{"class":66},[52,75356,1037],{"class":117},[52,75358,73554],{"class":66},[52,75360,948],{"class":947},[52,75362,19885],{"class":66},[52,75364,75365],{"class":3105},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75367,1509],{},[43,75369,75371],{"className":45,"code":75370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75372,75373,75389,75405,75421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75374,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383,75385,75387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75376,3344],{"class":66},[52,75378,15193],{"class":947},[52,75380,80],{"class":66},[52,75382,7242],{"class":947},[52,75384,80],{"class":66},[52,75386,50280],{"class":947},[52,75388,3076],{"class":66},[52,75390,75391,75393,75395,75397,75399,75401,75403],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75392,3344],{"class":66},[52,75394,1770],{"class":947},[52,75396,80],{"class":66},[52,75398,7237],{"class":947},[52,75400,80],{"class":66},[52,75402,7242],{"class":947},[52,75404,3076],{"class":66},[52,75406,75407,75409,75411,75413,75415,75417,75419],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75408,3344],{"class":66},[52,75410,36274],{"class":947},[52,75412,80],{"class":66},[52,75414,50280],{"class":947},[52,75416,80],{"class":66},[52,75418,4524],{"class":947},[52,75420,3076],{"class":66},[52,75422,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75424,3344],{"class":66},[52,75426,1770],{"class":947},[52,75428,80],{"class":66},[52,75430,7237],{"class":947},[52,75432,80],{"class":66},[52,75434,7242],{"class":947},[52,75436,80],{"class":66},[52,75438,50280],{"class":947},[52,75440,80],{"class":66},[52,75442,4524],{"class":947},[52,75444,3076],{"class":66},[38,75446,75448],{"id":75447},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75450,75451],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[163,75453,75454,75463,75472,75483,75489],{},[166,75455,75456,75459,75460,111],{},[15,75457,75458],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75461,75462],{},"n",[166,75464,75465,75468,75469,75471],{},[15,75466,75467],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75470,75462],{}," to the end",[166,75473,75474,75477,75478,75480,75481],{},[15,75475,75476],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75479,221],{}," up to ",[15,75482,4204],{},[166,75484,75485,75488],{},[15,75486,75487],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[166,75490,75491,75494],{},[15,75492,75493],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75496,267],{},[43,75498,75500],{"className":45,"code":75499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75501,75502,75535,75539,75556,75573,75594,75611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75503,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75530,75533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75505,940],{"class":58},[52,75507,63],{"class":62},[52,75509,3063],{"class":66},[52,75511,1770],{"class":947},[52,75513,80],{"class":66},[52,75515,7237],{"class":947},[52,75517,80],{"class":66},[52,75519,7242],{"class":947},[52,75521,80],{"class":66},[52,75523,50280],{"class":947},[52,75525,80],{"class":66},[52,75527,4524],{"class":947},[52,75529,80],{"class":66},[52,75531,75532],{"class":947}," 60",[52,75534,3076],{"class":66},[52,75536,75537],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75538,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,75540,75541,75543,75545,75547,75549,75551,75553],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75542,135],{"class":134},[52,75544,138],{"class":66},[52,75546,1037],{"class":117},[52,75548,74967],{"class":66},[52,75550,1500],{"class":947},[52,75552,19885],{"class":66},[52,75554,75555],{"class":3105},"    # first 3 items\n",[52,75557,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75559,135],{"class":134},[52,75561,138],{"class":66},[52,75563,1037],{"class":117},[52,75565,3344],{"class":66},[52,75567,1500],{"class":947},[52,75569,75345],{"class":66},[52,75571,75572],{"class":3105},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[52,75574,75575,75577,75579,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,75576,135],{"class":134},[52,75578,138],{"class":66},[52,75580,1037],{"class":117},[52,75582,3344],{"class":66},[52,75584,948],{"class":947},[52,75586,202],{"class":66},[52,75588,1131],{"class":947},[52,75590,19885],{"class":66},[52,75592,75593],{"class":3105},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[52,75595,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,75597,135],{"class":134},[52,75599,138],{"class":66},[52,75601,1037],{"class":117},[52,75603,73554],{"class":66},[52,75605,1047],{"class":947},[52,75607,19885],{"class":66},[52,75609,75610],{"class":3105},"   # every second item\n",[52,75612,75613,75615,75617,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,75614,135],{"class":134},[52,75616,138],{"class":66},[52,75618,1037],{"class":117},[52,75620,73554],{"class":66},[52,75622,1460],{"class":62},[52,75624,948],{"class":947},[52,75626,19885],{"class":66},[52,75628,75629],{"class":3105},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75631,1509],{},[43,75633,75635],{"className":45,"code":75634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75636,75637,75653,75669,75689,75705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75638,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75640,3344],{"class":66},[52,75642,1770],{"class":947},[52,75644,80],{"class":66},[52,75646,7237],{"class":947},[52,75648,80],{"class":66},[52,75650,7242],{"class":947},[52,75652,3076],{"class":66},[52,75654,75655,75657,75659,75661,75663,75665,75667],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75656,3344],{"class":66},[52,75658,56128],{"class":947},[52,75660,80],{"class":66},[52,75662,4524],{"class":947},[52,75664,80],{"class":66},[52,75666,75532],{"class":947},[52,75668,3076],{"class":66},[52,75670,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75672,3344],{"class":66},[52,75674,15193],{"class":947},[52,75676,80],{"class":66},[52,75678,7242],{"class":947},[52,75680,80],{"class":66},[52,75682,50280],{"class":947},[52,75684,80],{"class":66},[52,75686,4524],{"class":947},[52,75688,3076],{"class":66},[52,75690,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75692,3344],{"class":66},[52,75694,1770],{"class":947},[52,75696,80],{"class":66},[52,75698,7242],{"class":947},[52,75700,80],{"class":66},[52,75702,4524],{"class":947},[52,75704,3076],{"class":66},[52,75706,75707,75709,75712,75714,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728,75730,75732],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,75708,3344],{"class":66},[52,75710,75711],{"class":947},"60",[52,75713,80],{"class":66},[52,75715,4524],{"class":947},[52,75717,80],{"class":66},[52,75719,50280],{"class":947},[52,75721,80],{"class":66},[52,75723,7242],{"class":947},[52,75725,80],{"class":66},[52,75727,7237],{"class":947},[52,75729,80],{"class":66},[52,75731,5451],{"class":947},[52,75733,3076],{"class":66},[20,75735,75736,75737,114],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[221,75738,14328],{"href":56655},[38,75740,75742],{"id":75741},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75744,75745],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75747,4918],{},[163,75749,75750,75756],{},[166,75751,75752,75755],{},[15,75753,75754],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[166,75757,75758,75761],{},[15,75759,75760],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75763,75764],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[43,75766,75768],{"className":45,"code":75767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75769,75770,75818,75822,75841,75860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75771,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792,75794,75796,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812,75814,75816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75773,35524],{"class":58},[52,75775,63],{"class":62},[52,75777,3063],{"class":66},[52,75779,71],{"class":70},[52,75781,221],{"class":74},[52,75783,71],{"class":70},[52,75785,80],{"class":66},[52,75787,83],{"class":70},[52,75789,4204],{"class":74},[52,75791,71],{"class":70},[52,75793,80],{"class":66},[52,75795,83],{"class":70},[52,75797,9187],{"class":74},[52,75799,71],{"class":70},[52,75801,80],{"class":66},[52,75803,83],{"class":70},[52,75805,18207],{"class":74},[52,75807,71],{"class":70},[52,75809,80],{"class":66},[52,75811,83],{"class":70},[52,75813,59883],{"class":74},[52,75815,71],{"class":70},[52,75817,3076],{"class":66},[52,75819,75820],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75821,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,75823,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75825,135],{"class":134},[52,75827,138],{"class":66},[52,75829,35577],{"class":117},[52,75831,3344],{"class":66},[52,75833,1460],{"class":62},[52,75835,948],{"class":947},[52,75837,19885],{"class":66},[52,75839,75840],{"class":3105},"    # last item\n",[52,75842,75843,75845,75847,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,75844,135],{"class":134},[52,75846,138],{"class":66},[52,75848,35577],{"class":117},[52,75850,3344],{"class":66},[52,75852,1460],{"class":62},[52,75854,1500],{"class":947},[52,75856,75345],{"class":66},[52,75858,75859],{"class":3105},"   # last 3 items\n",[52,75861,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,75863,135],{"class":134},[52,75865,138],{"class":66},[52,75867,35577],{"class":117},[52,75869,74967],{"class":66},[52,75871,1460],{"class":62},[52,75873,948],{"class":947},[52,75875,19885],{"class":66},[52,75877,75878],{"class":3105},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75880,1509],{},[43,75882,75884],{"className":45,"code":75883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75885,75886,75891,75919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75887,75888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75889,75890],{"class":58},"e\n",[52,75892,75893,75895,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,75894,3344],{"class":66},[52,75896,608],{"class":70},[52,75898,9187],{"class":74},[52,75900,608],{"class":70},[52,75902,80],{"class":66},[52,75904,617],{"class":70},[52,75906,18207],{"class":74},[52,75908,608],{"class":70},[52,75910,80],{"class":66},[52,75912,617],{"class":70},[52,75914,59883],{"class":74},[52,75916,608],{"class":70},[52,75918,3076],{"class":66},[52,75920,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,75922,3344],{"class":66},[52,75924,608],{"class":70},[52,75926,221],{"class":74},[52,75928,608],{"class":70},[52,75930,80],{"class":66},[52,75932,617],{"class":70},[52,75934,4204],{"class":74},[52,75936,608],{"class":70},[52,75938,80],{"class":66},[52,75940,617],{"class":70},[52,75942,9187],{"class":74},[52,75944,608],{"class":70},[52,75946,80],{"class":66},[52,75948,617],{"class":70},[52,75950,18207],{"class":74},[52,75952,608],{"class":70},[52,75954,3076],{"class":66},[20,75956,247],{},[163,75958,75959,75962,75966,75972,75978],{},[166,75960,75961],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[166,75963,75964,75755],{},[15,75965,75754],{},[166,75967,75968,75971],{},[15,75969,75970],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[166,75973,75974,75977],{},[15,75975,75976],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[166,75979,75980,75981,803,75983],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75982,35506],{},[15,75984,74858],{},[38,75986,75988],{"id":75987},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75990,1418,75991,75993],{},[15,75992,74861],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[163,75995,75996,75999,76002,76007,76017],{},[166,75997,75998],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[166,76000,76001],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[166,76003,76004,76006],{},[15,76005,75493],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[166,76008,8322,76009,76011,76012,76014,76015],{},[15,76010,74861],{}," is negative, ",[15,76013,35506],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76016,74858],{},[166,76018,76019,76021,76022],{},[15,76020,74861],{}," cannot be ",[15,76023,1558],{},[20,76025,76026],{},"Example with different step values:",[43,76028,76030],{"className":45,"code":76029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76031,76032,76064,76068,76085,76107,76126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76033,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76035,940],{"class":58},[52,76037,63],{"class":62},[52,76039,3063],{"class":66},[52,76041,1770],{"class":947},[52,76043,80],{"class":66},[52,76045,7237],{"class":947},[52,76047,80],{"class":66},[52,76049,7242],{"class":947},[52,76051,80],{"class":66},[52,76053,50280],{"class":947},[52,76055,80],{"class":66},[52,76057,4524],{"class":947},[52,76059,80],{"class":66},[52,76061,75532],{"class":947},[52,76063,3076],{"class":66},[52,76065,76066],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76067,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76069,76070,76072,76074,76076,76078,76080,76082],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76071,135],{"class":134},[52,76073,138],{"class":66},[52,76075,1037],{"class":117},[52,76077,73554],{"class":66},[52,76079,1047],{"class":947},[52,76081,19885],{"class":66},[52,76083,76084],{"class":3105},"     # every second item\n",[52,76086,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76100,76102,76104],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76088,135],{"class":134},[52,76090,138],{"class":66},[52,76092,1037],{"class":117},[52,76094,3344],{"class":66},[52,76096,948],{"class":947},[52,76098,76099],{"class":66},"::",[52,76101,1047],{"class":947},[52,76103,19885],{"class":66},[52,76105,76106],{"class":3105},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[52,76108,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117,76119,76121,76123],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,76110,135],{"class":134},[52,76112,138],{"class":66},[52,76114,1037],{"class":117},[52,76116,73554],{"class":66},[52,76118,1460],{"class":62},[52,76120,948],{"class":947},[52,76122,19885],{"class":66},[52,76124,76125],{"class":3105},"    # reverse the list\n",[52,76127,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138,76140,76142,76144,76146,76148,76150],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,76129,135],{"class":134},[52,76131,138],{"class":66},[52,76133,1037],{"class":117},[52,76135,3344],{"class":66},[52,76137,1943],{"class":947},[52,76139,202],{"class":66},[52,76141,948],{"class":947},[52,76143,202],{"class":66},[52,76145,1460],{"class":62},[52,76147,948],{"class":947},[52,76149,19885],{"class":66},[52,76151,76152],{"class":3105},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76154,1509],{},[43,76156,76158],{"className":45,"code":76157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76159,76160,76176,76192,76220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76161,76162,76164,76166,76168,76170,76172,76174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76163,3344],{"class":66},[52,76165,1770],{"class":947},[52,76167,80],{"class":66},[52,76169,7242],{"class":947},[52,76171,80],{"class":66},[52,76173,4524],{"class":947},[52,76175,3076],{"class":66},[52,76177,76178,76180,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76179,3344],{"class":66},[52,76181,15193],{"class":947},[52,76183,80],{"class":66},[52,76185,50280],{"class":947},[52,76187,80],{"class":66},[52,76189,75532],{"class":947},[52,76191,3076],{"class":66},[52,76193,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76195,3344],{"class":66},[52,76197,75711],{"class":947},[52,76199,80],{"class":66},[52,76201,4524],{"class":947},[52,76203,80],{"class":66},[52,76205,50280],{"class":947},[52,76207,80],{"class":66},[52,76209,7242],{"class":947},[52,76211,80],{"class":66},[52,76213,7237],{"class":947},[52,76215,80],{"class":66},[52,76217,5451],{"class":947},[52,76219,3076],{"class":66},[52,76221,76222,76224,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76223,3344],{"class":66},[52,76225,76226],{"class":947},"50",[52,76228,80],{"class":66},[52,76230,50280],{"class":947},[52,76232,80],{"class":66},[52,76234,7242],{"class":947},[52,76236,3076],{"class":66},[20,76238,76239,76240,114],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[221,76241,76242],{"href":74238},"how to reverse a list in Python",[699,76244,76246],{"id":76245},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76248,2275],{},[43,76250,76252],{"className":45,"code":76251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76253,76254,76274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76255,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268,76270,76272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76257,940],{"class":58},[52,76259,63],{"class":62},[52,76261,3063],{"class":66},[52,76263,948],{"class":947},[52,76265,80],{"class":66},[52,76267,953],{"class":947},[52,76269,80],{"class":66},[52,76271,958],{"class":947},[52,76273,3076],{"class":66},[52,76275,76276,76278,76280,76282,76284,76286],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76277,135],{"class":134},[52,76279,138],{"class":66},[52,76281,1037],{"class":117},[52,76283,73554],{"class":66},[52,76285,1558],{"class":947},[52,76287,3332],{"class":66},[20,76289,76290,76291,76293,76294,76296],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76292,40137],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76295,1558],{}," does not make sense.",[38,76298,76300],{"id":76299},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76302,76303],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[699,76305,76307],{"id":76306},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[43,76309,76311],{"className":45,"code":76310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76312,76313,76337,76341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76314,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76316,940],{"class":58},[52,76318,63],{"class":62},[52,76320,3063],{"class":66},[52,76322,1770],{"class":947},[52,76324,80],{"class":66},[52,76326,7237],{"class":947},[52,76328,80],{"class":66},[52,76330,7242],{"class":947},[52,76332,80],{"class":66},[52,76334,50280],{"class":947},[52,76336,3076],{"class":66},[52,76338,76339],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76340,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76342,76343,76345,76347,76349,76351,76353],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76344,135],{"class":134},[52,76346,138],{"class":66},[52,76348,1037],{"class":117},[52,76350,3344],{"class":66},[52,76352,1047],{"class":947},[52,76354,3332],{"class":66},[20,76356,1509],{},[43,76358,76359],{"className":45,"code":69276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,76360,76361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76362,76363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76364,69276],{"class":947},[699,76366,76368],{"id":76367},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[43,76370,76372],{"className":45,"code":76371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76373,76374,76398,76402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76375,76376,76378,76380,76382,76384,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394,76396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76377,940],{"class":58},[52,76379,63],{"class":62},[52,76381,3063],{"class":66},[52,76383,1770],{"class":947},[52,76385,80],{"class":66},[52,76387,7237],{"class":947},[52,76389,80],{"class":66},[52,76391,7242],{"class":947},[52,76393,80],{"class":66},[52,76395,50280],{"class":947},[52,76397,3076],{"class":66},[52,76399,76400],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76401,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76403,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414,76416,76418],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76405,135],{"class":134},[52,76407,138],{"class":66},[52,76409,1037],{"class":117},[52,76411,3344],{"class":66},[52,76413,1047],{"class":947},[52,76415,202],{"class":66},[52,76417,1500],{"class":947},[52,76419,3332],{"class":66},[20,76421,1509],{},[43,76423,76425],{"className":45,"code":76424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30]\n",[15,76426,76427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76428,76429,76431,76433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76430,3344],{"class":66},[52,76432,36274],{"class":947},[52,76434,3076],{"class":66},[20,76436,13202],{},[163,76438,76439,76445],{},[166,76440,76441,76444],{},[15,76442,76443],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[166,76446,76447,76450],{},[15,76448,76449],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76452,76453],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[163,76455,76456,76459],{},[166,76457,76458],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[166,76460,76461],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76463,267],{},[43,76465,76467],{"className":45,"code":76466,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76468,76469,76489,76493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76470,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76472,940],{"class":58},[52,76474,63],{"class":62},[52,76476,3063],{"class":66},[52,76478,1770],{"class":947},[52,76480,80],{"class":66},[52,76482,7237],{"class":947},[52,76484,80],{"class":66},[52,76486,7242],{"class":947},[52,76488,3076],{"class":66},[52,76490,76491],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76492,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76494,76495,76497,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76496,135],{"class":134},[52,76498,138],{"class":66},[52,76500,1037],{"class":117},[52,76502,3344],{"class":66},[52,76504,1131],{"class":947},[52,76506,202],{"class":66},[52,76508,1770],{"class":947},[52,76510,3332],{"class":66},[20,76512,1509],{},[43,76514,76515],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,76516,76517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76518,76519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76520,37730],{"class":66},[20,76522,76523],{},"But this would raise an error:",[43,76525,76527],{"className":45,"code":76526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76528,76529,76549,76553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76530,76531,76533,76535,76537,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76532,940],{"class":58},[52,76534,63],{"class":62},[52,76536,3063],{"class":66},[52,76538,1770],{"class":947},[52,76540,80],{"class":66},[52,76542,7237],{"class":947},[52,76544,80],{"class":66},[52,76546,7242],{"class":947},[52,76548,3076],{"class":66},[52,76550,76551],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76552,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76554,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563,76565],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76556,135],{"class":134},[52,76558,138],{"class":66},[52,76560,1037],{"class":117},[52,76562,3344],{"class":66},[52,76564,1131],{"class":947},[52,76566,3332],{"class":66},[20,76568,76569,76570,114],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[221,76571,68695],{"href":68694},[38,76573,14617],{"id":76574},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76576,76577],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[163,76579,76580,76584,76586,76589,76595],{},[166,76581,4147,76582,75173],{},[15,76583,74858],{},[166,76585,60128],{},[166,76587,76588],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[166,76590,36636,76591,8151,76593],{},[15,76592,75493],{},[15,76594,72958],{},[166,76596,76597,76598,76600],{},"Using step ",[15,76599,1558],{},", which causes an error",[699,76602,76604],{"id":76603},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[43,76606,76608],{"className":45,"code":76607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76609,76610,76638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76611,76612,76614,76616,76618,76620,76622,76624,76626,76628,76630,76632,76634,76636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76613,940],{"class":58},[52,76615,63],{"class":62},[52,76617,3063],{"class":66},[52,76619,1770],{"class":947},[52,76621,80],{"class":66},[52,76623,7237],{"class":947},[52,76625,80],{"class":66},[52,76627,7242],{"class":947},[52,76629,80],{"class":66},[52,76631,50280],{"class":947},[52,76633,80],{"class":66},[52,76635,4524],{"class":947},[52,76637,3076],{"class":66},[52,76639,76640,76642,76644,76646,76648,76650,76652,76654],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76641,135],{"class":134},[52,76643,138],{"class":66},[52,76645,1037],{"class":117},[52,76647,3344],{"class":66},[52,76649,948],{"class":947},[52,76651,202],{"class":66},[52,76653,1943],{"class":947},[52,76655,3332],{"class":66},[20,76657,76658],{},"This returns:",[43,76660,76662],{"className":45,"code":76661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76663,76664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76665,76666,76668,76670,76672,76674,76676,76678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76667,3344],{"class":66},[52,76669,15193],{"class":947},[52,76671,80],{"class":66},[52,76673,7242],{"class":947},[52,76675,80],{"class":66},[52,76677,50280],{"class":947},[52,76679,3076],{"class":66},[20,76681,40339,76682,76684,76685,76687,76688,114],{},[30,76683,32],{}," include ",[15,76686,76226],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76689,1943],{},[699,76691,76693],{"id":76692},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76695,16083],{},[43,76697,76699],{"className":45,"code":76698,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76700,76701,76721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76702,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76704,940],{"class":58},[52,76706,63],{"class":62},[52,76708,3063],{"class":66},[52,76710,1770],{"class":947},[52,76712,80],{"class":66},[52,76714,7237],{"class":947},[52,76716,80],{"class":66},[52,76718,7242],{"class":947},[52,76720,3076],{"class":66},[52,76722,76723],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76724,76725],{"class":3105},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76727,76728],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[43,76730,76732],{"className":45,"code":76731,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76733,76734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76735,76736,76738,76740,76742,76744,76746,76748,76750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76737,135],{"class":134},[52,76739,138],{"class":66},[52,76741,1037],{"class":117},[52,76743,3344],{"class":66},[52,76745,948],{"class":947},[52,76747,202],{"class":66},[52,76749,1500],{"class":947},[52,76751,3332],{"class":66},[699,76753,76755],{"id":76754},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76757,76758],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[43,76760,76762],{"className":45,"code":76761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76763,76764,76788,76802,76806,76816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76765,76766,76768,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76767,940],{"class":58},[52,76769,63],{"class":62},[52,76771,3063],{"class":66},[52,76773,1770],{"class":947},[52,76775,80],{"class":66},[52,76777,7237],{"class":947},[52,76779,80],{"class":66},[52,76781,7242],{"class":947},[52,76783,80],{"class":66},[52,76785,50280],{"class":947},[52,76787,3076],{"class":66},[52,76789,76790,76792,76794,76796,76798,76800],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76791,75091],{"class":58},[52,76793,63],{"class":62},[52,76795,970],{"class":58},[52,76797,74967],{"class":66},[52,76799,1047],{"class":947},[52,76801,3076],{"class":66},[52,76803,76804],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76805,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76807,76808,76810,76812,76814],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76809,135],{"class":134},[52,76811,138],{"class":66},[52,76813,75114],{"class":117},[52,76815,144],{"class":66},[52,76817,76818,76820,76822,76824],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,76819,135],{"class":134},[52,76821,138],{"class":66},[52,76823,1037],{"class":117},[52,76825,144],{"class":66},[20,76827,1509],{},[43,76829,76831],{"className":45,"code":76830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76832,76833,76845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76834,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76836,3344],{"class":66},[52,76838,1770],{"class":947},[52,76840,80],{"class":66},[52,76842,7237],{"class":947},[52,76844,3076],{"class":66},[52,76846,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859,76861,76863],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76848,3344],{"class":66},[52,76850,1770],{"class":947},[52,76852,80],{"class":66},[52,76854,7237],{"class":947},[52,76856,80],{"class":66},[52,76858,7242],{"class":947},[52,76860,80],{"class":66},[52,76862,50280],{"class":947},[52,76864,3076],{"class":66},[20,76866,76867],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[699,76869,76871,76872,8151,76874],{"id":76870},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76873,75493],{},[15,76875,72958],{},[43,76877,76879],{"className":45,"code":76878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76880,76881,76901,76905,76922,76933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76882,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76884,940],{"class":58},[52,76886,63],{"class":62},[52,76888,3063],{"class":66},[52,76890,1770],{"class":947},[52,76892,80],{"class":66},[52,76894,7237],{"class":947},[52,76896,80],{"class":66},[52,76898,7242],{"class":947},[52,76900,3076],{"class":66},[52,76902,76903],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76904,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,76906,76907,76910,76912,76914,76916,76918,76920],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,76908,76909],{"class":58},"reversed_copy ",[52,76911,63],{"class":62},[52,76913,970],{"class":58},[52,76915,73554],{"class":66},[52,76917,1460],{"class":62},[52,76919,948],{"class":947},[52,76921,3076],{"class":66},[52,76923,76924,76926,76928,76931],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,76925,135],{"class":134},[52,76927,138],{"class":66},[52,76929,76930],{"class":117},"reversed_copy",[52,76932,144],{"class":66},[52,76934,76935,76937,76939,76941],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,76936,135],{"class":134},[52,76938,138],{"class":66},[52,76940,1037],{"class":117},[52,76942,144],{"class":66},[20,76944,1509],{},[43,76946,76948],{"className":45,"code":76947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76949,76950,76966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76951,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76953,3344],{"class":66},[52,76955,36274],{"class":947},[52,76957,80],{"class":66},[52,76959,7237],{"class":947},[52,76961,80],{"class":66},[52,76963,5451],{"class":947},[52,76965,3076],{"class":66},[52,76967,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976,76978,76980],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,76969,3344],{"class":66},[52,76971,1770],{"class":947},[52,76973,80],{"class":66},[52,76975,7237],{"class":947},[52,76977,80],{"class":66},[52,76979,7242],{"class":947},[52,76981,3076],{"class":66},[20,76983,76984,76987],{},[15,76985,76986],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76989,76990,76991,76994],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76992,76993],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[699,76996,76998],{"id":76997},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77000,77001],{},"This is not allowed:",[43,77003,77005],{"className":45,"code":77004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77006,77007,77027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77008,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77010,940],{"class":58},[52,77012,63],{"class":62},[52,77014,3063],{"class":66},[52,77016,1770],{"class":947},[52,77018,80],{"class":66},[52,77020,7237],{"class":947},[52,77022,80],{"class":66},[52,77024,7242],{"class":947},[52,77026,3076],{"class":66},[52,77028,77029],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77030,77031],{"class":3105},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77033,77034,77035,114],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77036,40137],{},[38,77038,77040],{"id":77039},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77042,77043],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[163,77045,77046,77053,77059,77062,77065],{},[166,77047,36636,77048,803,77050,77052],{},[15,77049,35506],{},[15,77051,74858],{}," positions",[166,77054,77055,77056,77058],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77057,74858],{}," index is included",[166,77060,77061],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[166,77063,77064],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[166,77066,77067],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77069,77070],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[43,77072,77074],{"className":45,"code":77073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77075,77076,77086,77100,77118,77132,77149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77077,77078,77080,77082,77084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77079,135],{"class":134},[52,77081,138],{"class":66},[52,77083,7786],{"class":117},[52,77085,144],{"class":66},[52,77087,77088,77090,77092,77094,77096,77098],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77089,135],{"class":134},[52,77091,138],{"class":66},[52,77093,1215],{"class":134},[52,77095,138],{"class":66},[52,77097,7786],{"class":117},[52,77099,1222],{"class":66},[52,77101,77102,77104,77106,77108,77110,77112,77114,77116],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77103,135],{"class":134},[52,77105,138],{"class":66},[52,77107,7786],{"class":117},[52,77109,3344],{"class":66},[52,77111,948],{"class":947},[52,77113,202],{"class":66},[52,77115,1943],{"class":947},[52,77117,3332],{"class":66},[52,77119,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128,77130],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77121,135],{"class":134},[52,77123,138],{"class":66},[52,77125,7786],{"class":117},[52,77127,74967],{"class":66},[52,77129,1500],{"class":947},[52,77131,3332],{"class":66},[52,77133,77134,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,77135,135],{"class":134},[52,77137,138],{"class":66},[52,77139,7786],{"class":117},[52,77141,3344],{"class":66},[52,77143,1460],{"class":62},[52,77145,1500],{"class":947},[52,77147,77148],{"class":66},":])\n",[52,77150,77151,77153,77155,77157,77159,77161,77163],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,77152,135],{"class":134},[52,77154,138],{"class":66},[52,77156,7786],{"class":117},[52,77158,73554],{"class":66},[52,77160,1460],{"class":62},[52,77162,948],{"class":947},[52,77164,3332],{"class":66},[20,77166,1185,77167,77169,77170,77174],{},[15,77168,41795],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[221,77171,77173],{"href":77172},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[38,77176,1273],{"id":1272},[699,77178,77180],{"id":77179},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77182,77183],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[699,77185,77187],{"id":77186},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77189,77190],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[699,77192,4586,77194,39393],{"id":77193},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77195,75493],{},[20,77197,77198],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[699,77200,77202,77203,1293],{"id":77201},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77204,70165],{},[20,77206,77207],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[38,77209,1332],{"id":1331},[163,77211,77212,77217,77222,77226,77230,77234],{},[166,77213,77214],{},[221,77215,77216],{"href":50416},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[166,77218,77219],{},[221,77220,77221],{"href":56589},"How to create a list in Python",[166,77223,77224],{},[221,77225,14405],{"href":56655},[166,77227,77228],{},[221,77229,74239],{"href":74238},[166,77231,77232],{},[221,77233,77173],{"href":77172},[166,77235,77236],{},[221,77237,68695],{"href":68694},[20,77239,77240,77241,77243],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77242,41795],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1364,77245,77246],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":77248},[77249,77250,77251,77252,77253,77254,77257,77261,77269,77270,77278],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":75022,"depth":103,"text":75023},{"id":75185,"depth":103,"text":75186},{"id":75447,"depth":103,"text":75448},{"id":75741,"depth":103,"text":75742},{"id":75987,"depth":103,"text":75988,"children":77255},[77256],{"id":76245,"depth":124,"text":76246},{"id":76299,"depth":103,"text":76300,"children":77258},[77259,77260],{"id":76306,"depth":124,"text":76307},{"id":76367,"depth":124,"text":76368},{"id":76574,"depth":103,"text":14617,"children":77262},[77263,77264,77265,77266,77268],{"id":76603,"depth":124,"text":76604},{"id":76692,"depth":124,"text":76693},{"id":76754,"depth":124,"text":76755},{"id":76870,"depth":124,"text":77267},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76997,"depth":124,"text":76998},{"id":77039,"depth":103,"text":77040},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":77271},[77272,77273,77274,77276],{"id":77179,"depth":124,"text":77180},{"id":77186,"depth":124,"text":77187},{"id":77193,"depth":124,"text":77275},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77201,"depth":124,"text":77277},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74845,"description":77279},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77286,"title":77287,"body":77288,"description":79357,"extension":1401,"meta":79358,"navigation":127,"path":79359,"seo":79360,"stem":79361,"__hash__":79362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77289,"toc":79323},[77290,77295,77301,77307,77309,77356,77363,77368,77372,77387,77390,77443,77445,77470,77475,77477,77509,77512,77528,77530,77591,77593,77618,77622,77627,77680,77682,77707,77712,77773,77775,77800,77803,77810,77814,77817,77878,77880,77913,77916,77977,77979,78012,78018,78091,78093,78125,78132,78137,78142,78144,78156,78159,78237,78239,78280,78283,78357,78359,78392,78397,78404,78411,78415,78424,78428,78436,78438,78505,78507,78543,78548,78559,78561,78566,78571,78573,78636,78638,78663,78670,78675,78679,78682,78722,78727,78733,78738,78740,78767,78772,78775,78822,78824,78881,78888,78893,78899,78968,78972,78975,79038,79040,79073,79078,79080,79083,79164,79166,79190,79196,79198,79203,79207,79214,79222,79226,79228,79251,79255,79257,79284,79287,79294,79297,79299,79320],[10,77291,53780,77293,18],{"id":77292},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77294,63747],{},[20,77296,77297,77300],{},[15,77298,77299],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77302,77303,77304,77306],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77305,63747],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[38,77308,41],{"id":40},[43,77310,77312],{"className":45,"code":77311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77313,77314,77334,77344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77315,77316,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77317,940],{"class":58},[52,77319,63],{"class":62},[52,77321,3063],{"class":66},[52,77323,1500],{"class":947},[52,77325,80],{"class":66},[52,77327,4944],{"class":947},[52,77329,80],{"class":66},[52,77331,953],{"class":947},[52,77333,3076],{"class":66},[52,77335,77336,77338,77340,77342],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77337,1037],{"class":58},[52,77339,114],{"class":66},[52,77341,34231],{"class":117},[52,77343,121],{"class":66},[52,77345,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77347,135],{"class":134},[52,77349,138],{"class":66},[52,77351,1037],{"class":117},[52,77353,3102],{"class":66},[52,77355,54370],{"class":3105},[20,77357,799,77358,77360,77361,114],{},[15,77359,77299],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77362,3220],{},[38,77364,194,77366,197],{"id":77365},"what-listsort-does",[15,77367,77299],{},[20,77369,77370,202],{},[15,77371,77299],{},[163,77373,77374,77377,77380,77384],{},[166,77375,77376],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[166,77378,77379],{},"Changes the original list",[166,77381,10865,77382],{},[15,77383,3220],{},[166,77385,77386],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77388,77389],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[43,77391,77393],{"className":45,"code":77392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77394,77395,77419,77429,77433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77396,77397,77399,77401,77403,77405,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77398,940],{"class":58},[52,77400,63],{"class":62},[52,77402,3063],{"class":66},[52,77404,1131],{"class":947},[52,77406,80],{"class":66},[52,77408,953],{"class":947},[52,77410,80],{"class":66},[52,77412,53574],{"class":947},[52,77414,80],{"class":66},[52,77416,4944],{"class":947},[52,77418,3076],{"class":66},[52,77420,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77422,1037],{"class":58},[52,77424,114],{"class":66},[52,77426,34231],{"class":117},[52,77428,121],{"class":66},[52,77430,77431],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77432,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,77434,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77436,135],{"class":134},[52,77438,138],{"class":66},[52,77440,1037],{"class":117},[52,77442,144],{"class":66},[20,77444,1509],{},[43,77446,77448],{"className":45,"code":77447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77449,77450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77451,77452,77454,77456,77458,77460,77462,77464,77466,77468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77453,3344],{"class":66},[52,77455,948],{"class":947},[52,77457,80],{"class":66},[52,77459,953],{"class":947},[52,77461,80],{"class":66},[52,77463,4048],{"class":947},[52,77465,80],{"class":66},[52,77467,53574],{"class":947},[52,77469,3076],{"class":66},[20,77471,77472,77473,114],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[221,77474,66513],{"href":50416},[38,77476,228],{"id":227},[43,77478,77480],{"className":45,"code":77479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77481,77482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77483,77484,77486,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77503,77505,77507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77485,7786],{"class":58},[52,77487,114],{"class":66},[52,77489,34231],{"class":117},[52,77491,138],{"class":66},[52,77493,14281],{"class":8623},[52,77495,63],{"class":62},[52,77497,3220],{"class":3295},[52,77499,80],{"class":66},[52,77501,77502],{"class":8623}," reverse",[52,77504,63],{"class":62},[52,77506,3116],{"class":3295},[52,77508,144],{"class":66},[20,77510,77511],{},"Main arguments:",[163,77513,77514,77519,77525],{},[166,77515,77516,77518],{},[15,77517,14281],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[166,77520,77521,77524],{},[15,77522,77523],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[166,77526,77527],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77529,267],{},[43,77531,77533],{"className":45,"code":77532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77534,77535,77559,77577,77581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77536,77537,77539,77541,77543,77545,77547,77549,77551,77553,77555,77557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77538,940],{"class":58},[52,77540,63],{"class":62},[52,77542,3063],{"class":66},[52,77544,1943],{"class":947},[52,77546,80],{"class":66},[52,77548,4944],{"class":947},[52,77550,80],{"class":66},[52,77552,5440],{"class":947},[52,77554,80],{"class":66},[52,77556,953],{"class":947},[52,77558,3076],{"class":66},[52,77560,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77562,1037],{"class":58},[52,77564,114],{"class":66},[52,77566,34231],{"class":117},[52,77568,138],{"class":66},[52,77570,73009],{"class":8623},[52,77572,63],{"class":62},[52,77574,3044],{"class":3295},[52,77576,144],{"class":66},[52,77578,77579],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77580,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,77582,77583,77585,77587,77589],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77584,135],{"class":134},[52,77586,138],{"class":66},[52,77588,1037],{"class":117},[52,77590,144],{"class":66},[20,77592,1509],{},[43,77594,77596],{"className":45,"code":77595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77597,77598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77599,77600,77602,77604,77606,77608,77610,77612,77614,77616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77601,3344],{"class":66},[52,77603,1463],{"class":947},[52,77605,80],{"class":66},[52,77607,1896],{"class":947},[52,77609,80],{"class":66},[52,77611,953],{"class":947},[52,77613,80],{"class":66},[52,77615,4944],{"class":947},[52,77617,3076],{"class":66},[38,77619,77621],{"id":77620},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77623,799,77624,77626],{},[15,77625,63747],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[43,77628,77630],{"className":45,"code":77629,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77631,77632,77656,77666,77670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77633,77634,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77635,940],{"class":58},[52,77637,63],{"class":62},[52,77639,3063],{"class":66},[52,77641,1770],{"class":947},[52,77643,80],{"class":66},[52,77645,958],{"class":947},[52,77647,80],{"class":66},[52,77649,5806],{"class":947},[52,77651,80],{"class":66},[52,77653,4944],{"class":947},[52,77655,3076],{"class":66},[52,77657,77658,77660,77662,77664],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77659,1037],{"class":58},[52,77661,114],{"class":66},[52,77663,34231],{"class":117},[52,77665,121],{"class":66},[52,77667,77668],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77669,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,77671,77672,77674,77676,77678],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77673,135],{"class":134},[52,77675,138],{"class":66},[52,77677,1037],{"class":117},[52,77679,144],{"class":66},[20,77681,1509],{},[43,77683,77685],{"className":45,"code":77684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77686,77687],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77688,77689,77691,77693,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77690,3344],{"class":66},[52,77692,948],{"class":947},[52,77694,80],{"class":66},[52,77696,958],{"class":947},[52,77698,80],{"class":66},[52,77700,5806],{"class":947},[52,77702,80],{"class":66},[52,77704,5451],{"class":947},[52,77706,3076],{"class":66},[20,77708,799,77709,77711],{},[15,77710,77523],{}," for descending order:",[43,77713,77715],{"className":45,"code":77714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77716,77717,77741,77759,77763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77718,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77720,940],{"class":58},[52,77722,63],{"class":62},[52,77724,3063],{"class":66},[52,77726,1770],{"class":947},[52,77728,80],{"class":66},[52,77730,958],{"class":947},[52,77732,80],{"class":66},[52,77734,5806],{"class":947},[52,77736,80],{"class":66},[52,77738,4944],{"class":947},[52,77740,3076],{"class":66},[52,77742,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77744,1037],{"class":58},[52,77746,114],{"class":66},[52,77748,34231],{"class":117},[52,77750,138],{"class":66},[52,77752,73009],{"class":8623},[52,77754,63],{"class":62},[52,77756,3044],{"class":3295},[52,77758,144],{"class":66},[52,77760,77761],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77762,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,77764,77765,77767,77769,77771],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77766,135],{"class":134},[52,77768,138],{"class":66},[52,77770,1037],{"class":117},[52,77772,144],{"class":66},[20,77774,1509],{},[43,77776,77778],{"className":45,"code":77777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77779,77780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77781,77782,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77783,3344],{"class":66},[52,77785,1770],{"class":947},[52,77787,80],{"class":66},[52,77789,5806],{"class":947},[52,77791,80],{"class":66},[52,77793,958],{"class":947},[52,77795,80],{"class":66},[52,77797,4944],{"class":947},[52,77799,3076],{"class":66},[20,77801,77802],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77804,77805,77806,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[221,77807,77809],{"href":77808},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[38,77811,77813],{"id":77812},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77815,77816],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[43,77818,77820],{"className":45,"code":77819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77821,77822,77854,77864,77868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77823,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838,77840,77842,77844,77846,77848,77850,77852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77825,3515],{"class":58},[52,77827,63],{"class":62},[52,77829,3063],{"class":66},[52,77831,71],{"class":70},[52,77833,86],{"class":74},[52,77835,71],{"class":70},[52,77837,80],{"class":66},[52,77839,83],{"class":70},[52,77841,75],{"class":74},[52,77843,71],{"class":70},[52,77845,80],{"class":66},[52,77847,83],{"class":70},[52,77849,95],{"class":74},[52,77851,71],{"class":70},[52,77853,3076],{"class":66},[52,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77857,3556],{"class":58},[52,77859,114],{"class":66},[52,77861,34231],{"class":117},[52,77863,121],{"class":66},[52,77865,77866],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77867,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,77869,77870,77872,77874,77876],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77871,135],{"class":134},[52,77873,138],{"class":66},[52,77875,3556],{"class":117},[52,77877,144],{"class":66},[20,77879,1509],{},[43,77881,77883],{"className":45,"code":77882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77884,77885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77886,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897,77899,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77888,3344],{"class":66},[52,77890,608],{"class":70},[52,77892,75],{"class":74},[52,77894,608],{"class":70},[52,77896,80],{"class":66},[52,77898,617],{"class":70},[52,77900,86],{"class":74},[52,77902,608],{"class":70},[52,77904,80],{"class":66},[52,77906,617],{"class":70},[52,77908,95],{"class":74},[52,77910,608],{"class":70},[52,77912,3076],{"class":66},[20,77914,77915],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[43,77917,77919],{"className":45,"code":77918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77920,77921,77953,77963,77967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77922,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941,77943,77945,77947,77949,77951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77924,3515],{"class":58},[52,77926,63],{"class":62},[52,77928,3063],{"class":66},[52,77930,71],{"class":70},[52,77932,86],{"class":74},[52,77934,71],{"class":70},[52,77936,80],{"class":66},[52,77938,83],{"class":70},[52,77940,57204],{"class":74},[52,77942,71],{"class":70},[52,77944,80],{"class":66},[52,77946,83],{"class":70},[52,77948,95],{"class":74},[52,77950,71],{"class":70},[52,77952,3076],{"class":66},[52,77954,77955,77957,77959,77961],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,77956,3556],{"class":58},[52,77958,114],{"class":66},[52,77960,34231],{"class":117},[52,77962,121],{"class":66},[52,77964,77965],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,77966,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,77968,77969,77971,77973,77975],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,77970,135],{"class":134},[52,77972,138],{"class":66},[52,77974,3556],{"class":117},[52,77976,144],{"class":66},[20,77978,1509],{},[43,77980,77982],{"className":45,"code":77981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77983,77984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77985,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77987,3344],{"class":66},[52,77989,608],{"class":70},[52,77991,57204],{"class":74},[52,77993,608],{"class":70},[52,77995,80],{"class":66},[52,77997,617],{"class":70},[52,77999,86],{"class":74},[52,78001,608],{"class":70},[52,78003,80],{"class":66},[52,78005,617],{"class":70},[52,78007,95],{"class":74},[52,78009,608],{"class":70},[52,78011,3076],{"class":66},[20,78013,78014,78015,202],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78016,78017],{},"key=str.lower",[43,78019,78021],{"className":45,"code":78020,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78022,78023,78055,78077,78081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78024,78025,78027,78029,78031,78033,78035,78037,78039,78041,78043,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78026,3515],{"class":58},[52,78028,63],{"class":62},[52,78030,3063],{"class":66},[52,78032,71],{"class":70},[52,78034,86],{"class":74},[52,78036,71],{"class":70},[52,78038,80],{"class":66},[52,78040,83],{"class":70},[52,78042,57204],{"class":74},[52,78044,71],{"class":70},[52,78046,80],{"class":66},[52,78048,83],{"class":70},[52,78050,95],{"class":74},[52,78052,71],{"class":70},[52,78054,3076],{"class":66},[52,78056,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069,78071,78073,78075],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78058,3556],{"class":58},[52,78060,114],{"class":66},[52,78062,34231],{"class":117},[52,78064,138],{"class":66},[52,78066,14281],{"class":8623},[52,78068,63],{"class":62},[52,78070,2882],{"class":600},[52,78072,114],{"class":66},[52,78074,8087],{"class":24190},[52,78076,144],{"class":66},[52,78078,78079],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78080,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78082,78083,78085,78087,78089],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78084,135],{"class":134},[52,78086,138],{"class":66},[52,78088,3556],{"class":117},[52,78090,144],{"class":66},[20,78092,1509],{},[43,78094,78095],{"className":45,"code":77981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,78096,78097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78098,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78100,3344],{"class":66},[52,78102,608],{"class":70},[52,78104,57204],{"class":74},[52,78106,608],{"class":70},[52,78108,80],{"class":66},[52,78110,617],{"class":70},[52,78112,86],{"class":74},[52,78114,608],{"class":70},[52,78116,80],{"class":66},[52,78118,617],{"class":70},[52,78120,95],{"class":74},[52,78122,608],{"class":70},[52,78124,3076],{"class":66},[20,78126,78127,78128,78131],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78129,78130],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[38,78133,36045,78135,36048],{"id":78134},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78136,14281],{},[20,78138,1418,78139,78141],{},[15,78140,14281],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78143,6789],{},[163,78145,78146,78151],{},[166,78147,78148,78150],{},[15,78149,1215],{}," to sort by length",[166,78152,78153,78155],{},[15,78154,78130],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78157,78158],{},"Sort words by length:",[43,78160,78162],{"className":45,"code":78161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78163,78164,78205,78223,78227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78165,78166,78168,78170,78172,78174,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78167,3515],{"class":58},[52,78169,63],{"class":62},[52,78171,3063],{"class":66},[52,78173,71],{"class":70},[52,78175,78176],{"class":74},"pear",[52,78178,71],{"class":70},[52,78180,80],{"class":66},[52,78182,83],{"class":70},[52,78184,86],{"class":74},[52,78186,71],{"class":70},[52,78188,80],{"class":66},[52,78190,83],{"class":70},[52,78192,37791],{"class":74},[52,78194,71],{"class":70},[52,78196,80],{"class":66},[52,78198,83],{"class":70},[52,78200,75],{"class":74},[52,78202,71],{"class":70},[52,78204,3076],{"class":66},[52,78206,78207,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78208,3556],{"class":58},[52,78210,114],{"class":66},[52,78212,34231],{"class":117},[52,78214,138],{"class":66},[52,78216,14281],{"class":8623},[52,78218,63],{"class":62},[52,78220,1215],{"class":134},[52,78222,144],{"class":66},[52,78224,78225],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78226,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78228,78229,78231,78233,78235],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78230,135],{"class":134},[52,78232,138],{"class":66},[52,78234,3556],{"class":117},[52,78236,144],{"class":66},[20,78238,1509],{},[43,78240,78242],{"className":45,"code":78241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78243,78244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78245,78246,78248,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268,78270,78272,78274,78276,78278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78247,3344],{"class":66},[52,78249,608],{"class":70},[52,78251,37791],{"class":74},[52,78253,608],{"class":70},[52,78255,80],{"class":66},[52,78257,617],{"class":70},[52,78259,78176],{"class":74},[52,78261,608],{"class":70},[52,78263,80],{"class":66},[52,78265,617],{"class":70},[52,78267,75],{"class":74},[52,78269,608],{"class":70},[52,78271,80],{"class":66},[52,78273,617],{"class":70},[52,78275,86],{"class":74},[52,78277,608],{"class":70},[52,78279,3076],{"class":66},[20,78281,78282],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[43,78284,78286],{"className":45,"code":78285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78287,78288,78321,78343,78347],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78289,78290,78292,78294,78296,78298,78300,78302,78304,78306,78308,78310,78312,78314,78317,78319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78291,3515],{"class":58},[52,78293,63],{"class":62},[52,78295,3063],{"class":66},[52,78297,71],{"class":70},[52,78299,4456],{"class":74},[52,78301,71],{"class":70},[52,78303,80],{"class":66},[52,78305,83],{"class":70},[52,78307,17242],{"class":74},[52,78309,71],{"class":70},[52,78311,80],{"class":66},[52,78313,83],{"class":70},[52,78315,78316],{"class":74},"Carol",[52,78318,71],{"class":70},[52,78320,3076],{"class":66},[52,78322,78323,78325,78327,78329,78331,78333,78335,78337,78339,78341],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78324,3556],{"class":58},[52,78326,114],{"class":66},[52,78328,34231],{"class":117},[52,78330,138],{"class":66},[52,78332,14281],{"class":8623},[52,78334,63],{"class":62},[52,78336,2882],{"class":600},[52,78338,114],{"class":66},[52,78340,8087],{"class":24190},[52,78342,144],{"class":66},[52,78344,78345],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78346,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78348,78349,78351,78353,78355],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78350,135],{"class":134},[52,78352,138],{"class":66},[52,78354,3556],{"class":117},[52,78356,144],{"class":66},[20,78358,1509],{},[43,78360,78362],{"className":45,"code":78361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78363,78364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78365,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388,78390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78367,3344],{"class":66},[52,78369,608],{"class":70},[52,78371,17242],{"class":74},[52,78373,608],{"class":70},[52,78375,80],{"class":66},[52,78377,617],{"class":70},[52,78379,4456],{"class":74},[52,78381,608],{"class":70},[52,78383,80],{"class":66},[52,78385,617],{"class":70},[52,78387,78316],{"class":74},[52,78389,608],{"class":70},[52,78391,3076],{"class":66},[20,78393,1418,78394,78396],{},[15,78395,14281],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[38,78398,78400,897,78402],{"id":78399},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78401,77299],{},[15,78403,73856],{},[20,78405,78406,803,78408,78410],{},[15,78407,77299],{},[15,78409,73856],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78412,78413,202],{},[15,78414,77299],{},[163,78416,78417,78420],{},[166,78418,78419],{},"Changes the existing list",[166,78421,10865,78422],{},[15,78423,3220],{},[20,78425,78426,202],{},[15,78427,73856],{},[163,78429,78430,78433],{},[166,78431,78432],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[166,78434,78435],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78437,267],{},[43,78439,78441],{"className":45,"code":78440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78442,78443,78463,78467,78481,78485,78495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78444,78445,78447,78449,78451,78453,78455,78457,78459,78461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78446,940],{"class":58},[52,78448,63],{"class":62},[52,78450,3063],{"class":66},[52,78452,1500],{"class":947},[52,78454,80],{"class":66},[52,78456,4944],{"class":947},[52,78458,80],{"class":66},[52,78460,953],{"class":947},[52,78462,3076],{"class":66},[52,78464,78465],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78466,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78468,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78470,55325],{"class":58},[52,78472,63],{"class":62},[52,78474,73990],{"class":134},[52,78476,138],{"class":66},[52,78478,1037],{"class":117},[52,78480,144],{"class":66},[52,78482,78483],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78484,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78486,78487,78489,78491,78493],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,78488,135],{"class":134},[52,78490,138],{"class":66},[52,78492,1037],{"class":117},[52,78494,144],{"class":66},[52,78496,78497,78499,78501,78503],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,78498,135],{"class":134},[52,78500,138],{"class":66},[52,78502,73713],{"class":117},[52,78504,144],{"class":66},[20,78506,1509],{},[43,78508,78509],{"className":45,"code":74025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,78510,78511,78527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78512,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78514,3344],{"class":66},[52,78516,1500],{"class":947},[52,78518,80],{"class":66},[52,78520,4944],{"class":947},[52,78522,80],{"class":66},[52,78524,953],{"class":947},[52,78526,3076],{"class":66},[52,78528,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537,78539,78541],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78530,3344],{"class":66},[52,78532,948],{"class":947},[52,78534,80],{"class":66},[52,78536,953],{"class":947},[52,78538,80],{"class":66},[52,78540,958],{"class":947},[52,78542,3076],{"class":66},[20,78544,799,78545,78547],{},[15,78546,73856],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78549,78550,78551,803,78555,114],{},"You can learn more in ",[221,78552,3015,78553,5230],{"href":73953},[15,78554,73856],{},[221,78556,78558],{"href":78557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[38,78560,1158],{"id":1157},[20,78562,78563,78564,114],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78565,77299],{},[699,78567,12038,78569],{"id":78568},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78570,63747],{},[20,78572,25131],{},[43,78574,78576],{"className":45,"code":78575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78577,78578,78598,78612,78616,78626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78579,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592,78594,78596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78581,940],{"class":58},[52,78583,63],{"class":62},[52,78585,3063],{"class":66},[52,78587,1500],{"class":947},[52,78589,80],{"class":66},[52,78591,4944],{"class":947},[52,78593,80],{"class":66},[52,78595,953],{"class":947},[52,78597,3076],{"class":66},[52,78599,78600,78602,78604,78606,78608,78610],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78601,1668],{"class":58},[52,78603,63],{"class":62},[52,78605,970],{"class":58},[52,78607,114],{"class":66},[52,78609,34231],{"class":117},[52,78611,121],{"class":66},[52,78613,78614],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78615,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78617,78618,78620,78622,78624],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78619,135],{"class":134},[52,78621,138],{"class":66},[52,78623,1703],{"class":117},[52,78625,144],{"class":66},[52,78627,78628,78630,78632,78634],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,78629,135],{"class":134},[52,78631,138],{"class":66},[52,78633,1037],{"class":117},[52,78635,144],{"class":66},[20,78637,1509],{},[43,78639,78641],{"className":45,"code":78640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78642,78643,78647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78644,78645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78646,11251],{"class":3295},[52,78648,78649,78651,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78650,3344],{"class":66},[52,78652,948],{"class":947},[52,78654,80],{"class":66},[52,78656,953],{"class":947},[52,78658,80],{"class":66},[52,78660,958],{"class":947},[52,78662,3076],{"class":66},[20,78664,78665,78667,78668,114],{},[15,78666,63747],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78669,3220],{},[20,78671,78672,78673,6077],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78674,73856],{},[699,78676,78678],{"id":78677},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78680,78681],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[43,78683,78685],{"className":45,"code":78684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78686,78687,78712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78688,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699,78701,78704,78706,78708,78710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78690,59],{"class":58},[52,78692,63],{"class":62},[52,78694,3063],{"class":66},[52,78696,948],{"class":947},[52,78698,80],{"class":66},[52,78700,83],{"class":70},[52,78702,78703],{"class":74},"two",[52,78705,71],{"class":70},[52,78707,80],{"class":66},[52,78709,958],{"class":947},[52,78711,3076],{"class":66},[52,78713,78714,78716,78718,78720],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78715,154],{"class":58},[52,78717,114],{"class":66},[52,78719,34231],{"class":117},[52,78721,121],{"class":66},[20,78723,2440,78724,78726],{},[15,78725,2443],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[699,78728,4147,78730,78732],{"id":78729},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78731,63747],{}," only works on lists",[20,78734,78735,78737],{},[15,78736,63747],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78739,16083],{},[43,78741,78743],{"className":45,"code":78742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78744,78745,78757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78746,78747,78749,78751,78753,78755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78748,34120],{"class":58},[52,78750,63],{"class":62},[52,78752,83],{"class":70},[52,78754,47],{"class":74},[52,78756,2797],{"class":70},[52,78758,78759,78761,78763,78765],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78760,34141],{"class":58},[52,78762,114],{"class":66},[52,78764,34231],{"class":117},[52,78766,121],{"class":66},[20,78768,78769,78770,33032],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78771,63747],{},[20,78773,78774],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[43,78776,78778],{"className":45,"code":78777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78779,78780,78798,78808,78812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78781,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78783,35524],{"class":58},[52,78785,63],{"class":62},[52,78787,22000],{"class":600},[52,78789,138],{"class":66},[52,78791,71],{"class":70},[52,78793,47],{"class":74},[52,78795,71],{"class":70},[52,78797,144],{"class":66},[52,78799,78800,78802,78804,78806],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78801,35577],{"class":58},[52,78803,114],{"class":66},[52,78805,34231],{"class":117},[52,78807,121],{"class":66},[52,78809,78810],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78811,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78813,78814,78816,78818,78820],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78815,135],{"class":134},[52,78817,138],{"class":66},[52,78819,35577],{"class":117},[52,78821,144],{"class":66},[20,78823,1509],{},[43,78825,78827],{"className":45,"code":78826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78828,78829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78830,78831,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861,78863,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78832,3344],{"class":66},[52,78834,608],{"class":70},[52,78836,59874],{"class":74},[52,78838,608],{"class":70},[52,78840,80],{"class":66},[52,78842,617],{"class":70},[52,78844,75462],{"class":74},[52,78846,608],{"class":70},[52,78848,80],{"class":66},[52,78850,617],{"class":70},[52,78852,59909],{"class":74},[52,78854,608],{"class":70},[52,78856,80],{"class":66},[52,78858,617],{"class":70},[52,78860,20],{"class":74},[52,78862,608],{"class":70},[52,78864,80],{"class":66},[52,78866,617],{"class":70},[52,78868,62722],{"class":74},[52,78870,608],{"class":70},[52,78872,80],{"class":66},[52,78874,617],{"class":70},[52,78876,11188],{"class":74},[52,78878,608],{"class":70},[52,78880,3076],{"class":66},[699,78882,78884,78885,78887],{"id":78883},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78886,14281],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78889,78890,78891,114],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78892,14281],{},[20,78894,78895,78896,78898],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78897,63747],{}," will not do that:",[43,78900,78902],{"className":45,"code":78901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78903,78904,78936,78954,78958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78905,78906,78908,78910,78912,78914,78916,78918,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78907,3515],{"class":58},[52,78909,63],{"class":62},[52,78911,3063],{"class":66},[52,78913,71],{"class":70},[52,78915,86],{"class":74},[52,78917,71],{"class":70},[52,78919,80],{"class":66},[52,78921,83],{"class":70},[52,78923,37791],{"class":74},[52,78925,71],{"class":70},[52,78927,80],{"class":66},[52,78929,83],{"class":70},[52,78931,75],{"class":74},[52,78933,71],{"class":70},[52,78935,3076],{"class":66},[52,78937,78938,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,78939,3556],{"class":58},[52,78941,114],{"class":66},[52,78943,34231],{"class":117},[52,78945,138],{"class":66},[52,78947,14281],{"class":8623},[52,78949,63],{"class":62},[52,78951,1215],{"class":134},[52,78953,144],{"class":66},[52,78955,78956],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,78957,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,78959,78960,78962,78964,78966],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,78961,135],{"class":134},[52,78963,138],{"class":66},[52,78965,3556],{"class":117},[52,78967,144],{"class":66},[699,78969,78971],{"id":78970},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78973,78974],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[43,78976,78978],{"className":45,"code":78977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78979,78980,79014,79024,79028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78981,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79010,79012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78983,3515],{"class":58},[52,78985,63],{"class":62},[52,78987,3063],{"class":66},[52,78989,71],{"class":70},[52,78991,78992],{"class":74},"zebra",[52,78994,71],{"class":70},[52,78996,80],{"class":66},[52,78998,83],{"class":70},[52,79000,57204],{"class":74},[52,79002,71],{"class":70},[52,79004,80],{"class":66},[52,79006,83],{"class":70},[52,79008,79009],{"class":74},"monkey",[52,79011,71],{"class":70},[52,79013,3076],{"class":66},[52,79015,79016,79018,79020,79022],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,79017,3556],{"class":58},[52,79019,114],{"class":66},[52,79021,34231],{"class":117},[52,79023,121],{"class":66},[52,79025,79026],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,79027,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,79029,79030,79032,79034,79036],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79031,135],{"class":134},[52,79033,138],{"class":66},[52,79035,3556],{"class":117},[52,79037,144],{"class":66},[20,79039,1509],{},[43,79041,79043],{"className":45,"code":79042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79044,79045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79046,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065,79067,79069,79071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79048,3344],{"class":66},[52,79050,608],{"class":70},[52,79052,57204],{"class":74},[52,79054,608],{"class":70},[52,79056,80],{"class":66},[52,79058,617],{"class":70},[52,79060,79009],{"class":74},[52,79062,608],{"class":70},[52,79064,80],{"class":66},[52,79066,617],{"class":70},[52,79068,78992],{"class":74},[52,79070,608],{"class":70},[52,79072,3076],{"class":66},[20,79074,799,79075,79077],{},[15,79076,78017],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[699,79079,60146],{"id":60145},[20,79081,79082],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,79084,79086],{"className":45,"code":79085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79087,79088,79098,79112,79126,79140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79089,79090,79092,79094,79096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79091,135],{"class":134},[52,79093,138],{"class":66},[52,79095,7786],{"class":117},[52,79097,144],{"class":66},[52,79099,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,79101,135],{"class":134},[52,79103,138],{"class":66},[52,79105,1231],{"class":600},[52,79107,138],{"class":66},[52,79109,7786],{"class":117},[52,79111,1222],{"class":66},[52,79113,79114,79116,79118,79120,79122,79124],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,79115,135],{"class":134},[52,79117,138],{"class":66},[52,79119,7786],{"class":117},[52,79121,114],{"class":66},[52,79123,34231],{"class":117},[52,79125,6640],{"class":66},[52,79127,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136,79138],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79129,135],{"class":134},[52,79131,138],{"class":66},[52,79133,73946],{"class":134},[52,79135,138],{"class":66},[52,79137,7786],{"class":117},[52,79139,1222],{"class":66},[52,79141,79142,79144,79146,79148,79150,79152,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,79143,135],{"class":134},[52,79145,2424],{"class":66},[52,79147,1231],{"class":600},[52,79149,138],{"class":66},[52,79151,337],{"class":117},[52,79153,3102],{"class":66},[52,79155,3320],{"class":731},[52,79157,5408],{"class":117},[52,79159,3326],{"class":731},[52,79161,7843],{"class":117},[52,79163,3332],{"class":66},[20,79165,10613],{},[163,79167,79168,79171,79174,79181,79187],{},[166,79169,79170],{},"What values are in the list",[166,79172,79173],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[166,79175,79176,79177,1837,79179],{},"That ",[15,79178,63747],{},[15,79180,3220],{},[166,79182,79183,79184,79186],{},"Whether ",[15,79185,73856],{}," works better for your case",[166,79188,79189],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79191,79192,79193,79195],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79194,2443],{}," problems.",[38,79197,1273],{"id":1272},[699,79199,1277,79201,54906],{"id":79200},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79202,77299],{},[20,79204,62038,79205,114],{},[15,79206,3220],{},[699,79208,4624,79210,803,79212,1293],{"id":79209},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79211,63747],{},[15,79213,73856],{},[20,79215,79216,79218,79219,79221],{},[15,79217,63747],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79220,73856],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[699,79223,79225],{"id":79224},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79227,18134],{},[43,79229,79231],{"className":45,"code":79230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79232,79233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79234,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79236,7786],{"class":58},[52,79238,114],{"class":66},[52,79240,34231],{"class":117},[52,79242,138],{"class":66},[52,79244,73009],{"class":8623},[52,79246,63],{"class":62},[52,79248,3044],{"class":3295},[52,79250,144],{"class":66},[699,79252,79254],{"id":79253},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79256,18134],{},[43,79258,79260],{"className":45,"code":79259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79261,79262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79263,79264,79266,79268,79270,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79265,7786],{"class":58},[52,79267,114],{"class":66},[52,79269,34231],{"class":117},[52,79271,138],{"class":66},[52,79273,14281],{"class":8623},[52,79275,63],{"class":62},[52,79277,2882],{"class":600},[52,79279,114],{"class":66},[52,79281,8087],{"class":24190},[52,79283,144],{"class":66},[20,79285,79286],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[699,79288,79290,79291,79293],{"id":79289},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79292,2443],{}," when sorting?",[20,79295,79296],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[38,79298,1332],{"id":1331},[163,79300,79301,79306,79312,79316],{},[166,79302,79303],{},[221,79304,79305],{"href":77808},"How to sort a list in Python",[166,79307,79308],{},[221,79309,3015,79310,5230],{"href":73953},[15,79311,73856],{},[166,79313,79314],{},[221,79315,66513],{"href":50416},[166,79317,79318],{},[221,79319,78558],{"href":78557},[1364,79321,79322],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":79324},[79325,79326,79328,79329,79330,79331,79333,79335,79346,79356],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":77365,"depth":103,"text":79327},"What list.sort() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":77620,"depth":103,"text":77621},{"id":77812,"depth":103,"text":77813},{"id":78134,"depth":103,"text":79332},"Using the key argument",{"id":78399,"depth":103,"text":79334},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":79336},[79337,79339,79340,79342,79344,79345],{"id":78568,"depth":124,"text":79338},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78677,"depth":124,"text":78678},{"id":78729,"depth":124,"text":79341},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78883,"depth":124,"text":79343},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78970,"depth":124,"text":78971},{"id":60145,"depth":124,"text":60146},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":79347},[79348,79350,79352,79353,79354],{"id":79200,"depth":124,"text":79349},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79209,"depth":124,"text":79351},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79224,"depth":124,"text":79225},{"id":79253,"depth":124,"text":79254},{"id":79289,"depth":124,"text":79355},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77287,"description":79357},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79364,"title":79365,"body":79366,"description":81997,"extension":1401,"meta":81998,"navigation":127,"path":81999,"seo":82000,"stem":82001,"__hash__":82002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79367,"toc":81956},[79368,79373,79378,79381,79392,79395,79415,79417,79479,79481,79522,79531,79536,79541,79547,79558,79560,79579,79582,79587,79592,79594,79599,79613,79615,79633,79636,79653,79656,79662,79685,79690,79692,79695,79756,79758,79791,79793,79832,79840,79850,79856,79861,79954,79956,79980,79982,80000,80003,80034,80040,80045,80048,80050,80175,80177,80201,80203,80222,80228,80234,80353,80355,80372,80379,80385,80390,80397,80403,80405,80462,80465,80486,80489,80492,80553,80555,80588,80592,80662,80664,80681,80685,80688,80763,80765,80802,80805,80808,80879,80881,80942,80947,80952,80955,80969,80971,81044,81046,81066,81069,81072,81129,81191,81194,81226,81229,81244,81249,81251,81257,81260,81316,81319,81321,81340,81344,81346,81390,81399,81401,81461,81465,81468,81470,81563,81565,81680,81684,81686,81760,81763,81766,81768,81773,81838,81840,81864,81874,81876,81882,81891,81900,81909,81915,81918,81922,81925,81927,81953],[10,79369,3015,79371,3019],{"id":79370},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79372,39149],{},[20,79374,3022,79375,79377],{},[15,79376,39149],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79379,79380],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[163,79382,79383,79386,79389],{},[166,79384,79385],{},"converting numbers to strings",[166,79387,79388],{},"changing strings to integers",[166,79390,79391],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79393,79394],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[163,79396,79397,79404,79410],{},[166,79398,79399,13493,79401,79403],{},[15,79400,39149],{},[30,79402,32],{}," return a list in Python 3",[166,79405,79406,79407],{},"it returns a ",[30,79408,79409],{},"map object",[166,79411,79412,79413],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79414,24221],{},[38,79416,41],{"id":40},[43,79418,79420],{"className":45,"code":79419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79421,79422,79446,79465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79423,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440,79442,79444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79425,940],{"class":58},[52,79427,63],{"class":62},[52,79429,3063],{"class":66},[52,79431,948],{"class":947},[52,79433,80],{"class":66},[52,79435,953],{"class":947},[52,79437,80],{"class":66},[52,79439,958],{"class":947},[52,79441,80],{"class":66},[52,79443,1896],{"class":947},[52,79445,3076],{"class":66},[52,79447,79448,79450,79452,79455,79457,79459,79461,79463],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,79449,1668],{"class":58},[52,79451,63],{"class":62},[52,79453,79454],{"class":134}," map",[52,79456,138],{"class":66},[52,79458,2882],{"class":600},[52,79460,80],{"class":66},[52,79462,970],{"class":117},[52,79464,144],{"class":66},[52,79466,79467,79469,79471,79473,79475,79477],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,79468,135],{"class":134},[52,79470,138],{"class":66},[52,79472,7540],{"class":600},[52,79474,138],{"class":66},[52,79476,1703],{"class":117},[52,79478,1222],{"class":66},[20,79480,1509],{},[43,79482,79484],{"className":45,"code":79483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79485,79486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79487,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79489,3344],{"class":66},[52,79491,608],{"class":70},[52,79493,948],{"class":74},[52,79495,608],{"class":70},[52,79497,80],{"class":66},[52,79499,617],{"class":70},[52,79501,1047],{"class":74},[52,79503,608],{"class":70},[52,79505,80],{"class":66},[52,79507,617],{"class":70},[52,79509,1500],{"class":74},[52,79511,608],{"class":70},[52,79513,80],{"class":66},[52,79515,617],{"class":70},[52,79517,1943],{"class":74},[52,79519,608],{"class":70},[52,79521,3076],{"class":66},[20,79523,799,79524,79527,79528,79530],{},[15,79525,79526],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79529,24221],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[38,79532,194,79534,197],{"id":79533},"what-map-does",[15,79535,39149],{},[20,79537,79538,79540],{},[15,79539,39149],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79542,79543,79544,79546],{},"An ",[30,79545,3162],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[163,79548,79549,79551,79553,79555],{},[166,79550,37334],{},[166,79552,37337],{},[166,79554,37340],{},[166,79556,79557],{},"a range object",[20,79559,30155],{},[43,79561,79563],{"className":45,"code":79562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79564,79565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79566,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575,79577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79568,39292],{"class":134},[52,79570,138],{"class":66},[52,79572,37293],{"class":117},[52,79574,80],{"class":66},[52,79576,37298],{"class":117},[52,79578,144],{"class":66},[20,79580,79581],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79583,79584,79585,33173],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,79586,79409],{},[20,79588,79589,79590,114],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[221,79591,4580],{"href":4579},[38,79593,228],{"id":227},[20,79595,79596,79598],{},[15,79597,39149],{}," needs at least two parts:",[163,79600,79601,79607],{},[166,79602,79603,79606],{},[30,79604,79605],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[166,79608,79609,79612],{},[30,79610,79611],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79614,3147],{},[43,79616,79617],{"className":45,"code":79562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,79618,79619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79620,79621,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79622,39292],{"class":134},[52,79624,138],{"class":66},[52,79626,37293],{"class":117},[52,79628,80],{"class":66},[52,79630,37298],{"class":117},[52,79632,144],{"class":66},[20,79634,79635],{},"You can pass:",[163,79637,79638,79647,79650],{},[166,79639,79640,79641,1627,79643,1631,79645],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79642,2882],{},[15,79644,1626],{},[15,79646,1455],{},[166,79648,79649],{},"your own custom function",[166,79651,79652],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79654,79655],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79657,79658,79659,79661],{},"You will often see ",[15,79660,39149],{}," used like this:",[43,79663,79665],{"className":45,"code":79664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79666,79667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79668,79669,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681,79683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79670,7540],{"class":600},[52,79672,138],{"class":66},[52,79674,39292],{"class":134},[52,79676,138],{"class":66},[52,79678,37293],{"class":117},[52,79680,80],{"class":66},[52,79682,3329],{"class":117},[52,79684,1222],{"class":66},[20,79686,6123,79687,79689],{},[15,79688,24221],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[38,79691,10917],{"id":10916},[20,79693,79694],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[43,79696,79698],{"className":45,"code":79697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79699,79700,79720,79738,79742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79701,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716,79718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79703,940],{"class":58},[52,79705,63],{"class":62},[52,79707,3063],{"class":66},[52,79709,1770],{"class":947},[52,79711,80],{"class":66},[52,79713,7237],{"class":947},[52,79715,80],{"class":66},[52,79717,7242],{"class":947},[52,79719,3076],{"class":66},[52,79721,79722,79724,79726,79728,79730,79732,79734,79736],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,79723,1668],{"class":58},[52,79725,63],{"class":62},[52,79727,79454],{"class":134},[52,79729,138],{"class":66},[52,79731,2882],{"class":600},[52,79733,80],{"class":66},[52,79735,970],{"class":117},[52,79737,144],{"class":66},[52,79739,79740],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,79741,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,79743,79744,79746,79748,79750,79752,79754],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79745,135],{"class":134},[52,79747,138],{"class":66},[52,79749,7540],{"class":600},[52,79751,138],{"class":66},[52,79753,1703],{"class":117},[52,79755,1222],{"class":66},[20,79757,1509],{},[43,79759,79761],{"className":45,"code":79760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79762,79763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79764,79765,79767,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79766,3344],{"class":66},[52,79768,608],{"class":70},[52,79770,1770],{"class":74},[52,79772,608],{"class":70},[52,79774,80],{"class":66},[52,79776,617],{"class":70},[52,79778,15193],{"class":74},[52,79780,608],{"class":70},[52,79782,80],{"class":66},[52,79784,617],{"class":70},[52,79786,36274],{"class":74},[52,79788,608],{"class":70},[52,79790,3076],{"class":66},[20,79792,11126],{},[163,79794,79795,79800,79808,79816,79824],{},[166,79796,79797,79799],{},[15,79798,1037],{}," contains integers",[166,79801,79802,79805,79806],{},[15,79803,79804],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79807,47119],{},[166,79809,79810,41589,79813],{},[15,79811,79812],{},"str(10)",[15,79814,79815],{},"'10'",[166,79817,79818,41589,79821],{},[15,79819,79820],{},"str(20)",[15,79822,79823],{},"'20'",[166,79825,79826,41589,79829],{},[15,79827,79828],{},"str(30)",[15,79830,79831],{},"'30'",[20,79833,53091,79834,79836,79837,79839],{},[15,79835,39149],{}," applies ",[15,79838,47119],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79841,79842,79843,79845,79846,114],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79844,24221],{}," better, see ",[221,79847,3015,79848,2948],{"href":64283},[15,79849,24221],{},[38,79851,1185,79853,79855],{"id":79852},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79854,39149],{}," with your own function",[20,79857,15153,79858,79860],{},[15,79859,39149],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[43,79862,79864],{"className":45,"code":79863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79865,79866,79879,79889,79893,79917,79936,79940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79867,79868,79870,79873,79875,79877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79869,34283],{"class":1503},[52,79871,79872],{"class":34286}," double",[52,79874,138],{"class":66},[52,79876,1611],{"class":37095},[52,79878,7789],{"class":66},[52,79880,79881,79883,79885,79887],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,79882,34294],{"class":731},[52,79884,3323],{"class":58},[52,79886,39305],{"class":62},[52,79888,45024],{"class":947},[52,79890,79891],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,79892,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,79894,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,79896,940],{"class":58},[52,79898,63],{"class":62},[52,79900,3063],{"class":66},[52,79902,948],{"class":947},[52,79904,80],{"class":66},[52,79906,953],{"class":947},[52,79908,80],{"class":66},[52,79910,958],{"class":947},[52,79912,80],{"class":66},[52,79914,1896],{"class":947},[52,79916,3076],{"class":66},[52,79918,79919,79921,79923,79925,79927,79930,79932,79934],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,79920,1668],{"class":58},[52,79922,63],{"class":62},[52,79924,79454],{"class":134},[52,79926,138],{"class":66},[52,79928,79929],{"class":117},"double",[52,79931,80],{"class":66},[52,79933,970],{"class":117},[52,79935,144],{"class":66},[52,79937,79938],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,79939,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,79941,79942,79944,79946,79948,79950,79952],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,79943,135],{"class":134},[52,79945,138],{"class":66},[52,79947,7540],{"class":600},[52,79949,138],{"class":66},[52,79951,1703],{"class":117},[52,79953,1222],{"class":66},[20,79955,1509],{},[43,79957,79958],{"className":45,"code":39318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,79959,79960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79961,79962,79964,79966,79968,79970,79972,79974,79976,79978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79963,3344],{"class":66},[52,79965,1047],{"class":947},[52,79967,80],{"class":66},[52,79969,1896],{"class":947},[52,79971,80],{"class":66},[52,79973,37076],{"class":947},[52,79975,80],{"class":66},[52,79977,5806],{"class":947},[52,79979,3076],{"class":66},[20,79981,65020],{},[163,79983,79984,79991,79997],{},[166,79985,79986,79988,79989],{},[15,79987,39149],{}," takes the function ",[15,79990,79929],{},[166,79992,79993,79994,79996],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79995,1037],{}," into that function",[166,79998,79999],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80001,80002],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[163,80004,80005,80012,80019,80027],{},[166,80006,80007,5519,80010],{},[15,80008,80009],{},"double(1)",[15,80011,1047],{},[166,80013,80014,5519,80017],{},[15,80015,80016],{},"double(2)",[15,80018,1943],{},[166,80020,80021,5519,80024],{},[15,80022,80023],{},"double(3)",[15,80025,80026],{},"6",[166,80028,80029,5519,80032],{},[15,80030,80031],{},"double(4)",[15,80033,1785],{},[38,80035,1185,80037,80039],{"id":80036},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80038,39149],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80041,80042,80044],{},[15,80043,39149],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80046,80047],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80049,267],{},[43,80051,80053],{"className":45,"code":80052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80054,80055,80072,80082,80086,80107,80128,80132,80157,80161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80056,80057,80059,80062,80064,80066,80068,80070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80058,34283],{"class":1503},[52,80060,80061],{"class":34286}," add_numbers",[52,80063,138],{"class":66},[52,80065,221],{"class":37095},[52,80067,80],{"class":66},[52,80069,1998],{"class":37095},[52,80071,7789],{"class":66},[52,80073,80074,80076,80078,80080],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80075,34294],{"class":731},[52,80077,43980],{"class":58},[52,80079,1497],{"class":62},[52,80081,35616],{"class":58},[52,80083,80084],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80085,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80087,80088,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099,80101,80103,80105],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80089,80090],{"class":58},"list1 ",[52,80092,63],{"class":62},[52,80094,3063],{"class":66},[52,80096,948],{"class":947},[52,80098,80],{"class":66},[52,80100,953],{"class":947},[52,80102,80],{"class":66},[52,80104,958],{"class":947},[52,80106,3076],{"class":66},[52,80108,80109,80112,80114,80116,80118,80120,80122,80124,80126],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,80110,80111],{"class":58},"list2 ",[52,80113,63],{"class":62},[52,80115,3063],{"class":66},[52,80117,1770],{"class":947},[52,80119,80],{"class":66},[52,80121,7237],{"class":947},[52,80123,80],{"class":66},[52,80125,7242],{"class":947},[52,80127,3076],{"class":66},[52,80129,80130],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,80131,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80133,80134,80136,80138,80140,80142,80145,80147,80150,80152,80155],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,80135,1668],{"class":58},[52,80137,63],{"class":62},[52,80139,79454],{"class":134},[52,80141,138],{"class":66},[52,80143,80144],{"class":117},"add_numbers",[52,80146,80],{"class":66},[52,80148,80149],{"class":117}," list1",[52,80151,80],{"class":66},[52,80153,80154],{"class":117}," list2",[52,80156,144],{"class":66},[52,80158,80159],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,80160,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80162,80163,80165,80167,80169,80171,80173],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,80164,135],{"class":134},[52,80166,138],{"class":66},[52,80168,7540],{"class":600},[52,80170,138],{"class":66},[52,80172,1703],{"class":117},[52,80174,1222],{"class":66},[20,80176,1509],{},[43,80178,80180],{"className":45,"code":80179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80181,80182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80183,80184,80186,80189,80191,80194,80196,80199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80185,3344],{"class":66},[52,80187,80188],{"class":947},"11",[52,80190,80],{"class":66},[52,80192,80193],{"class":947}," 22",[52,80195,80],{"class":66},[52,80197,80198],{"class":947}," 33",[52,80200,3076],{"class":66},[20,80202,1616],{},[163,80204,80205,80211,80217],{},[166,80206,80207,80208],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80209,80210],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[166,80212,80213,80214],{},"then ",[15,80215,80216],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[166,80218,80213,80219],{},[15,80220,80221],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[699,80223,80225,80227],{"id":80224},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80226,39149],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80229,80230,80231,80233],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80232,39149],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[43,80235,80237],{"className":45,"code":80236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80238,80239,80255,80265,80269,80293,80309,80313,80335,80339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80240,80241,80243,80245,80247,80249,80251,80253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80242,34283],{"class":1503},[52,80244,80061],{"class":34286},[52,80246,138],{"class":66},[52,80248,221],{"class":37095},[52,80250,80],{"class":66},[52,80252,1998],{"class":37095},[52,80254,7789],{"class":66},[52,80256,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80258,34294],{"class":731},[52,80260,43980],{"class":58},[52,80262,1497],{"class":62},[52,80264,35616],{"class":58},[52,80266,80267],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80268,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80270,80271,80273,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289,80291],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80272,80090],{"class":58},[52,80274,63],{"class":62},[52,80276,3063],{"class":66},[52,80278,948],{"class":947},[52,80280,80],{"class":66},[52,80282,953],{"class":947},[52,80284,80],{"class":66},[52,80286,958],{"class":947},[52,80288,80],{"class":66},[52,80290,1896],{"class":947},[52,80292,3076],{"class":66},[52,80294,80295,80297,80299,80301,80303,80305,80307],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,80296,80111],{"class":58},[52,80298,63],{"class":62},[52,80300,3063],{"class":66},[52,80302,1770],{"class":947},[52,80304,80],{"class":66},[52,80306,7237],{"class":947},[52,80308,3076],{"class":66},[52,80310,80311],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,80312,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80314,80315,80317,80319,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331,80333],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,80316,1668],{"class":58},[52,80318,63],{"class":62},[52,80320,79454],{"class":134},[52,80322,138],{"class":66},[52,80324,80144],{"class":117},[52,80326,80],{"class":66},[52,80328,80149],{"class":117},[52,80330,80],{"class":66},[52,80332,80154],{"class":117},[52,80334,144],{"class":66},[52,80336,80337],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,80338,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80340,80341,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,80342,135],{"class":134},[52,80344,138],{"class":66},[52,80346,7540],{"class":600},[52,80348,138],{"class":66},[52,80350,1703],{"class":117},[52,80352,1222],{"class":66},[20,80354,1509],{},[43,80356,80358],{"className":45,"code":80357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80359,80360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80361,80362,80364,80366,80368,80370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80363,3344],{"class":66},[52,80365,80188],{"class":947},[52,80367,80],{"class":66},[52,80369,80193],{"class":947},[52,80371,3076],{"class":66},[20,80373,80374,80375,80378],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80376,80377],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[38,80380,80382,80384],{"id":80381},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80383,39149],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80386,37456,80387,80389],{},[15,80388,39149],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80391,80392,80393,80396],{},"This object is ",[30,80394,80395],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[699,80398,1927,80400,80402],{"id":80399},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80401,32458],{}," looks strange",[20,80404,33074],{},[43,80406,80408],{"className":45,"code":80407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80409,80410,80430,80448,80452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80411,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80413,940],{"class":58},[52,80415,63],{"class":62},[52,80417,3063],{"class":66},[52,80419,948],{"class":947},[52,80421,80],{"class":66},[52,80423,953],{"class":947},[52,80425,80],{"class":66},[52,80427,958],{"class":947},[52,80429,3076],{"class":66},[52,80431,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442,80444,80446],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80433,1668],{"class":58},[52,80435,63],{"class":62},[52,80437,79454],{"class":134},[52,80439,138],{"class":66},[52,80441,2882],{"class":600},[52,80443,80],{"class":66},[52,80445,970],{"class":117},[52,80447,144],{"class":66},[52,80449,80450],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80451,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80453,80454,80456,80458,80460],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80455,135],{"class":134},[52,80457,138],{"class":66},[52,80459,1703],{"class":117},[52,80461,144],{"class":66},[20,80463,80464],{},"Output will look something like this:",[43,80466,80468],{"className":45,"code":80467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80469,80470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80471,80472,80474,80476,80478,80480,80482,80484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80473,2729],{"class":62},[52,80475,39292],{"class":134},[52,80477,24057],{"class":600},[52,80479,36796],{"class":58},[52,80481,36800],{"class":36799},[52,80483,36803],{"class":33885},[52,80485,2741],{"class":62},[20,80487,80488],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80490,80491],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[43,80493,80495],{"className":45,"code":80494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80496,80497,80517,80535,80539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80498,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80500,940],{"class":58},[52,80502,63],{"class":62},[52,80504,3063],{"class":66},[52,80506,948],{"class":947},[52,80508,80],{"class":66},[52,80510,953],{"class":947},[52,80512,80],{"class":66},[52,80514,958],{"class":947},[52,80516,3076],{"class":66},[52,80518,80519,80521,80523,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80520,1668],{"class":58},[52,80522,63],{"class":62},[52,80524,79454],{"class":134},[52,80526,138],{"class":66},[52,80528,2882],{"class":600},[52,80530,80],{"class":66},[52,80532,970],{"class":117},[52,80534,144],{"class":66},[52,80536,80537],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80538,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80540,80541,80543,80545,80547,80549,80551],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80542,135],{"class":134},[52,80544,138],{"class":66},[52,80546,7540],{"class":600},[52,80548,138],{"class":66},[52,80550,1703],{"class":117},[52,80552,1222],{"class":66},[20,80554,1509],{},[43,80556,80558],{"className":45,"code":80557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80559,80560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80561,80562,80564,80566,80568,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80563,3344],{"class":66},[52,80565,608],{"class":70},[52,80567,948],{"class":74},[52,80569,608],{"class":70},[52,80571,80],{"class":66},[52,80573,617],{"class":70},[52,80575,1047],{"class":74},[52,80577,608],{"class":70},[52,80579,80],{"class":66},[52,80581,617],{"class":70},[52,80583,1500],{"class":74},[52,80585,608],{"class":70},[52,80587,3076],{"class":66},[699,80589,80591],{"id":80590},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[43,80593,80595],{"className":45,"code":80594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80596,80597,80617,80635,80639,80652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80598,80599,80601,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80600,940],{"class":58},[52,80602,63],{"class":62},[52,80604,3063],{"class":66},[52,80606,948],{"class":947},[52,80608,80],{"class":66},[52,80610,953],{"class":947},[52,80612,80],{"class":66},[52,80614,958],{"class":947},[52,80616,3076],{"class":66},[52,80618,80619,80621,80623,80625,80627,80629,80631,80633],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80620,1668],{"class":58},[52,80622,63],{"class":62},[52,80624,79454],{"class":134},[52,80626,138],{"class":66},[52,80628,2882],{"class":600},[52,80630,80],{"class":66},[52,80632,970],{"class":117},[52,80634,144],{"class":66},[52,80636,80637],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80638,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80640,80641,80643,80645,80647,80650],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80642,5405],{"class":731},[52,80644,5408],{"class":58},[52,80646,3326],{"class":731},[52,80648,80649],{"class":58}," result",[52,80651,737],{"class":66},[52,80653,80654,80656,80658,80660],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,80655,757],{"class":134},[52,80657,138],{"class":66},[52,80659,337],{"class":117},[52,80661,144],{"class":66},[20,80663,1509],{},[43,80665,80667],{"className":45,"code":80666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80668,80669,80673,80677],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80670,80671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80672,46352],{"class":947},[52,80674,80675],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80676,16496],{"class":947},[52,80678,80679],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80680,46052],{"class":947},[699,80682,80684],{"id":80683},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80686,80687],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[43,80689,80691],{"className":45,"code":80690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80692,80693,80713,80731,80735,80749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80694,80695,80697,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80696,940],{"class":58},[52,80698,63],{"class":62},[52,80700,3063],{"class":66},[52,80702,948],{"class":947},[52,80704,80],{"class":66},[52,80706,953],{"class":947},[52,80708,80],{"class":66},[52,80710,958],{"class":947},[52,80712,3076],{"class":66},[52,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723,80725,80727,80729],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80716,1668],{"class":58},[52,80718,63],{"class":62},[52,80720,79454],{"class":134},[52,80722,138],{"class":66},[52,80724,2882],{"class":600},[52,80726,80],{"class":66},[52,80728,970],{"class":117},[52,80730,144],{"class":66},[52,80732,80733],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80734,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80736,80737,80739,80741,80743,80745,80747],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80738,135],{"class":134},[52,80740,138],{"class":66},[52,80742,7540],{"class":600},[52,80744,138],{"class":66},[52,80746,1703],{"class":117},[52,80748,1222],{"class":66},[52,80750,80751,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,80752,135],{"class":134},[52,80754,138],{"class":66},[52,80756,7540],{"class":600},[52,80758,138],{"class":66},[52,80760,1703],{"class":117},[52,80762,1222],{"class":66},[20,80764,1509],{},[43,80766,80768],{"className":45,"code":80767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80769,80770,80798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80771,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780,80782,80784,80786,80788,80790,80792,80794,80796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80773,3344],{"class":66},[52,80775,608],{"class":70},[52,80777,948],{"class":74},[52,80779,608],{"class":70},[52,80781,80],{"class":66},[52,80783,617],{"class":70},[52,80785,1047],{"class":74},[52,80787,608],{"class":70},[52,80789,80],{"class":66},[52,80791,617],{"class":70},[52,80793,1500],{"class":74},[52,80795,608],{"class":70},[52,80797,3076],{"class":66},[52,80799,80800],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80801,37730],{"class":66},[20,80803,80804],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80806,80807],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[43,80809,80811],{"className":45,"code":80810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80812,80813,80833,80855,80859,80869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80814,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80816,940],{"class":58},[52,80818,63],{"class":62},[52,80820,3063],{"class":66},[52,80822,948],{"class":947},[52,80824,80],{"class":66},[52,80826,953],{"class":947},[52,80828,80],{"class":66},[52,80830,958],{"class":947},[52,80832,3076],{"class":66},[52,80834,80835,80837,80839,80841,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80836,1668],{"class":58},[52,80838,63],{"class":62},[52,80840,22000],{"class":600},[52,80842,138],{"class":66},[52,80844,39292],{"class":134},[52,80846,138],{"class":66},[52,80848,2882],{"class":600},[52,80850,80],{"class":66},[52,80852,970],{"class":117},[52,80854,1222],{"class":66},[52,80856,80857],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,80858,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,80860,80861,80863,80865,80867],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,80862,135],{"class":134},[52,80864,138],{"class":66},[52,80866,1703],{"class":117},[52,80868,144],{"class":66},[52,80870,80871,80873,80875,80877],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,80872,135],{"class":134},[52,80874,138],{"class":66},[52,80876,1703],{"class":117},[52,80878,144],{"class":66},[20,80880,1509],{},[43,80882,80884],{"className":45,"code":80883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80885,80886,80914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80887,80888,80890,80892,80894,80896,80898,80900,80902,80904,80906,80908,80910,80912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80889,3344],{"class":66},[52,80891,608],{"class":70},[52,80893,948],{"class":74},[52,80895,608],{"class":70},[52,80897,80],{"class":66},[52,80899,617],{"class":70},[52,80901,1047],{"class":74},[52,80903,608],{"class":70},[52,80905,80],{"class":66},[52,80907,617],{"class":70},[52,80909,1500],{"class":74},[52,80911,608],{"class":70},[52,80913,3076],{"class":66},[52,80915,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,80917,3344],{"class":66},[52,80919,608],{"class":70},[52,80921,948],{"class":74},[52,80923,608],{"class":70},[52,80925,80],{"class":66},[52,80927,617],{"class":70},[52,80929,1047],{"class":74},[52,80931,608],{"class":70},[52,80933,80],{"class":66},[52,80935,617],{"class":70},[52,80937,1500],{"class":74},[52,80939,608],{"class":70},[52,80941,3076],{"class":66},[38,80943,894,80945],{"id":80944},"when-to-use-map",[15,80946,39149],{},[20,80948,80949,80951],{},[15,80950,39149],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80953,80954],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[163,80956,80957,80961,80965],{},[166,80958,80959],{},[15,80960,2882],{},[166,80962,80963],{},[15,80964,1626],{},[166,80966,80967],{},[15,80968,1455],{},[20,80970,267],{},[43,80972,80974],{"className":45,"code":80973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80975,80976,81008,81030,81034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80977,80978,80980,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992,80994,80996,80998,81000,81002,81004,81006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80979,3265],{"class":58},[52,80981,63],{"class":62},[52,80983,3063],{"class":66},[52,80985,608],{"class":70},[52,80987,948],{"class":74},[52,80989,608],{"class":70},[52,80991,80],{"class":66},[52,80993,617],{"class":70},[52,80995,1047],{"class":74},[52,80997,608],{"class":70},[52,80999,80],{"class":66},[52,81001,617],{"class":70},[52,81003,1500],{"class":74},[52,81005,608],{"class":70},[52,81007,3076],{"class":66},[52,81009,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022,81024,81026,81028],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81011,940],{"class":58},[52,81013,63],{"class":62},[52,81015,22000],{"class":600},[52,81017,138],{"class":66},[52,81019,39292],{"class":134},[52,81021,138],{"class":66},[52,81023,1626],{"class":600},[52,81025,80],{"class":66},[52,81027,3329],{"class":117},[52,81029,1222],{"class":66},[52,81031,81032],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81033,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81035,81036,81038,81040,81042],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81037,135],{"class":134},[52,81039,138],{"class":66},[52,81041,1037],{"class":117},[52,81043,144],{"class":66},[20,81045,1509],{},[43,81047,81048],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81049,81050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81051,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81053,3344],{"class":66},[52,81055,948],{"class":947},[52,81057,80],{"class":66},[52,81059,953],{"class":947},[52,81061,80],{"class":66},[52,81063,958],{"class":947},[52,81065,3076],{"class":66},[20,81067,81068],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81070,81071],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[43,81073,81075],{"className":45,"code":81074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81076,81077,81097,81119],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81078,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81080,940],{"class":58},[52,81082,63],{"class":62},[52,81084,3063],{"class":66},[52,81086,948],{"class":947},[52,81088,80],{"class":66},[52,81090,953],{"class":947},[52,81092,80],{"class":66},[52,81094,958],{"class":947},[52,81096,3076],{"class":66},[52,81098,81099,81101,81103,81105,81107,81109,81111,81113,81115,81117],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81100,1668],{"class":58},[52,81102,63],{"class":62},[52,81104,22000],{"class":600},[52,81106,138],{"class":66},[52,81108,39292],{"class":134},[52,81110,138],{"class":66},[52,81112,2882],{"class":600},[52,81114,80],{"class":66},[52,81116,970],{"class":117},[52,81118,1222],{"class":66},[52,81120,81121,81123,81125,81127],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81122,135],{"class":134},[52,81124,138],{"class":66},[52,81126,1703],{"class":117},[52,81128,144],{"class":66},[43,81130,81132],{"className":45,"code":81131,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81133,81134,81154,81181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81137,940],{"class":58},[52,81139,63],{"class":62},[52,81141,3063],{"class":66},[52,81143,948],{"class":947},[52,81145,80],{"class":66},[52,81147,953],{"class":947},[52,81149,80],{"class":66},[52,81151,958],{"class":947},[52,81153,3076],{"class":66},[52,81155,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81175,81177,81179],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81157,1668],{"class":58},[52,81159,63],{"class":62},[52,81161,3063],{"class":66},[52,81163,2882],{"class":600},[52,81165,138],{"class":66},[52,81167,75462],{"class":117},[52,81169,3102],{"class":66},[52,81171,3320],{"class":731},[52,81173,81174],{"class":58}," n ",[52,81176,3326],{"class":731},[52,81178,970],{"class":58},[52,81180,3076],{"class":66},[52,81182,81183,81185,81187,81189],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81184,135],{"class":134},[52,81186,138],{"class":66},[52,81188,1703],{"class":117},[52,81190,144],{"class":66},[20,81192,81193],{},"Both produce:",[43,81195,81196],{"className":45,"code":80557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81197,81198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81199,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222,81224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81201,3344],{"class":66},[52,81203,608],{"class":70},[52,81205,948],{"class":74},[52,81207,608],{"class":70},[52,81209,80],{"class":66},[52,81211,617],{"class":70},[52,81213,1047],{"class":74},[52,81215,608],{"class":70},[52,81217,80],{"class":66},[52,81219,617],{"class":70},[52,81221,1500],{"class":74},[52,81223,608],{"class":70},[52,81225,3076],{"class":66},[20,81227,81228],{},"A simple rule:",[163,81230,81231,81236,81241],{},[166,81232,39423,81233,81235],{},[15,81234,39149],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[166,81237,39429,81238,81240],{},[15,81239,5405],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[166,81242,81243],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81245,81246,81247,114],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[221,81248,3835],{"href":3834},[38,81250,3961],{"id":3960},[699,81252,81254,81255],{"id":81253},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81256,24221],{},[20,81258,81259],{},"This is very common:",[43,81261,81262],{"className":45,"code":80407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81263,81264,81284,81302,81306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81265,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274,81276,81278,81280,81282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81267,940],{"class":58},[52,81269,63],{"class":62},[52,81271,3063],{"class":66},[52,81273,948],{"class":947},[52,81275,80],{"class":66},[52,81277,953],{"class":947},[52,81279,80],{"class":66},[52,81281,958],{"class":947},[52,81283,3076],{"class":66},[52,81285,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296,81298,81300],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81287,1668],{"class":58},[52,81289,63],{"class":62},[52,81291,79454],{"class":134},[52,81293,138],{"class":66},[52,81295,2882],{"class":600},[52,81297,80],{"class":66},[52,81299,970],{"class":117},[52,81301,144],{"class":66},[52,81303,81304],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81305,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81307,81308,81310,81312,81314],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81309,135],{"class":134},[52,81311,138],{"class":66},[52,81313,1703],{"class":117},[52,81315,144],{"class":66},[20,81317,81318],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81320,38695],{},[43,81322,81324],{"className":45,"code":81323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81325,81326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81327,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336,81338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81329,135],{"class":134},[52,81331,138],{"class":66},[52,81333,7540],{"class":600},[52,81335,138],{"class":66},[52,81337,1703],{"class":117},[52,81339,1222],{"class":66},[699,81341,81343],{"id":81342},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81345,16083],{},[43,81347,81349],{"className":45,"code":81348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81350,81351,81371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81352,81353,81355,81357,81359,81361,81363,81365,81367,81369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81354,940],{"class":58},[52,81356,63],{"class":62},[52,81358,3063],{"class":66},[52,81360,948],{"class":947},[52,81362,80],{"class":66},[52,81364,953],{"class":947},[52,81366,80],{"class":66},[52,81368,958],{"class":947},[52,81370,3076],{"class":66},[52,81372,81373,81375,81377,81379,81381,81383,81386,81388],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81374,1668],{"class":58},[52,81376,63],{"class":62},[52,81378,79454],{"class":134},[52,81380,138],{"class":66},[52,81382,2882],{"class":600},[52,81384,81385],{"class":66},"(),",[52,81387,970],{"class":117},[52,81389,144],{"class":66},[20,81391,81392,81393,81395,81396,81398],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81394,47119],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81397,39149],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81400,16095],{},[43,81402,81403],{"className":45,"code":80494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81404,81405,81425,81443,81447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81406,81407,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81408,940],{"class":58},[52,81410,63],{"class":62},[52,81412,3063],{"class":66},[52,81414,948],{"class":947},[52,81416,80],{"class":66},[52,81418,953],{"class":947},[52,81420,80],{"class":66},[52,81422,958],{"class":947},[52,81424,3076],{"class":66},[52,81426,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437,81439,81441],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81428,1668],{"class":58},[52,81430,63],{"class":62},[52,81432,79454],{"class":134},[52,81434,138],{"class":66},[52,81436,2882],{"class":600},[52,81438,80],{"class":66},[52,81440,970],{"class":117},[52,81442,144],{"class":66},[52,81444,81445],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81446,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81448,81449,81451,81453,81455,81457,81459],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81450,135],{"class":134},[52,81452,138],{"class":66},[52,81454,7540],{"class":600},[52,81456,138],{"class":66},[52,81458,1703],{"class":117},[52,81460,1222],{"class":66},[699,81462,81464],{"id":81463},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81466,81467],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81469,16083],{},[43,81471,81473],{"className":45,"code":81472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81474,81475,81492,81502,81506,81526,81545,81549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81476,81477,81479,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81478,34283],{"class":1503},[52,81480,81481],{"class":34286}," add",[52,81483,138],{"class":66},[52,81485,221],{"class":37095},[52,81487,80],{"class":66},[52,81489,1998],{"class":37095},[52,81491,7789],{"class":66},[52,81493,81494,81496,81498,81500],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81495,34294],{"class":731},[52,81497,43980],{"class":58},[52,81499,1497],{"class":62},[52,81501,35616],{"class":58},[52,81503,81504],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81505,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81507,81508,81510,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522,81524],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81509,940],{"class":58},[52,81511,63],{"class":62},[52,81513,3063],{"class":66},[52,81515,948],{"class":947},[52,81517,80],{"class":66},[52,81519,953],{"class":947},[52,81521,80],{"class":66},[52,81523,958],{"class":947},[52,81525,3076],{"class":66},[52,81527,81528,81530,81532,81534,81536,81539,81541,81543],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,81529,1668],{"class":58},[52,81531,63],{"class":62},[52,81533,79454],{"class":134},[52,81535,138],{"class":66},[52,81537,81538],{"class":117},"add",[52,81540,80],{"class":66},[52,81542,970],{"class":117},[52,81544,144],{"class":66},[52,81546,81547],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,81548,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81550,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,81552,135],{"class":134},[52,81554,138],{"class":66},[52,81556,7540],{"class":600},[52,81558,138],{"class":66},[52,81560,1703],{"class":117},[52,81562,1222],{"class":66},[20,81564,16095],{},[43,81566,81568],{"className":45,"code":81567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81569,81570,81586,81596,81600,81620,81640,81662,81666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81571,81572,81574,81576,81578,81580,81582,81584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81573,34283],{"class":1503},[52,81575,81481],{"class":34286},[52,81577,138],{"class":66},[52,81579,221],{"class":37095},[52,81581,80],{"class":66},[52,81583,1998],{"class":37095},[52,81585,7789],{"class":66},[52,81587,81588,81590,81592,81594],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81589,34294],{"class":731},[52,81591,43980],{"class":58},[52,81593,1497],{"class":62},[52,81595,35616],{"class":58},[52,81597,81598],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81599,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81601,81602,81604,81606,81608,81610,81612,81614,81616,81618],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81603,80090],{"class":58},[52,81605,63],{"class":62},[52,81607,3063],{"class":66},[52,81609,948],{"class":947},[52,81611,80],{"class":66},[52,81613,953],{"class":947},[52,81615,80],{"class":66},[52,81617,958],{"class":947},[52,81619,3076],{"class":66},[52,81621,81622,81624,81626,81628,81630,81632,81634,81636,81638],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,81623,80111],{"class":58},[52,81625,63],{"class":62},[52,81627,3063],{"class":66},[52,81629,1770],{"class":947},[52,81631,80],{"class":66},[52,81633,7237],{"class":947},[52,81635,80],{"class":66},[52,81637,7242],{"class":947},[52,81639,3076],{"class":66},[52,81641,81642,81644,81646,81648,81650,81652,81654,81656,81658,81660],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,81643,1668],{"class":58},[52,81645,63],{"class":62},[52,81647,79454],{"class":134},[52,81649,138],{"class":66},[52,81651,81538],{"class":117},[52,81653,80],{"class":66},[52,81655,80149],{"class":117},[52,81657,80],{"class":66},[52,81659,80154],{"class":117},[52,81661,144],{"class":66},[52,81663,81664],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,81665,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81667,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,81669,135],{"class":134},[52,81671,138],{"class":66},[52,81673,7540],{"class":600},[52,81675,138],{"class":66},[52,81677,1703],{"class":117},[52,81679,1222],{"class":66},[699,81681,81683],{"id":81682},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81685,16083],{},[43,81687,81688],{"className":45,"code":80690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81689,81690,81710,81728,81732,81746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81691,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81693,940],{"class":58},[52,81695,63],{"class":62},[52,81697,3063],{"class":66},[52,81699,948],{"class":947},[52,81701,80],{"class":66},[52,81703,953],{"class":947},[52,81705,80],{"class":66},[52,81707,958],{"class":947},[52,81709,3076],{"class":66},[52,81711,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81722,81724,81726],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81713,1668],{"class":58},[52,81715,63],{"class":62},[52,81717,79454],{"class":134},[52,81719,138],{"class":66},[52,81721,2882],{"class":600},[52,81723,80],{"class":66},[52,81725,970],{"class":117},[52,81727,144],{"class":66},[52,81729,81730],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81731,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,81733,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742,81744],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81735,135],{"class":134},[52,81737,138],{"class":66},[52,81739,7540],{"class":600},[52,81741,138],{"class":66},[52,81743,1703],{"class":117},[52,81745,1222],{"class":66},[52,81747,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,81749,135],{"class":134},[52,81751,138],{"class":66},[52,81753,7540],{"class":600},[52,81755,138],{"class":66},[52,81757,1703],{"class":117},[52,81759,1222],{"class":66},[20,81761,81762],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81764,81765],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[38,81767,67331],{"id":67330},[20,81769,8322,81770,81772],{},[15,81771,39149],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,81774,81776],{"className":45,"code":81775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81777,81778,81788,81802,81816,81828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81779,81780,81782,81784,81786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81781,135],{"class":134},[52,81783,138],{"class":66},[52,81785,1703],{"class":117},[52,81787,144],{"class":66},[52,81789,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,81791,135],{"class":134},[52,81793,138],{"class":66},[52,81795,7540],{"class":600},[52,81797,138],{"class":66},[52,81799,1703],{"class":117},[52,81801,1222],{"class":66},[52,81803,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,81805,135],{"class":134},[52,81807,138],{"class":66},[52,81809,1231],{"class":600},[52,81811,138],{"class":66},[52,81813,1703],{"class":117},[52,81815,1222],{"class":66},[52,81817,81818,81820,81822,81824,81826],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,81819,5405],{"class":731},[52,81821,5408],{"class":58},[52,81823,3326],{"class":731},[52,81825,80649],{"class":58},[52,81827,737],{"class":66},[52,81829,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,81831,757],{"class":134},[52,81833,138],{"class":66},[52,81835,337],{"class":117},[52,81837,144],{"class":66},[20,81839,12116],{},[163,81841,81842,81847,81852,81858],{},[166,81843,81844,81846],{},[15,81845,32458],{}," shows that you have a map object",[166,81848,81849,81851],{},[15,81850,32466],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[166,81853,81854,81857],{},[15,81855,81856],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[166,81859,81860,81861,81863],{},"looping over ",[15,81862,1703],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81865,81866,81867,81870,81871,81873],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81868,81869],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81872,5405],{}," loop consume the map object.",[38,81875,1273],{"id":1272},[699,81877,1277,81879,81881],{"id":81878},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81880,39149],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81883,81884,81885,81887,81888,23378],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81886,39149],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81889,81890],{},"list(map(...))",[699,81892,14343,81894,81896,81897,81899],{"id":81893},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81895,39149],{}," better than a ",[15,81898,5405],{}," loop?",[20,81901,81902,81903,81905,81906,81908],{},"Not always. ",[15,81904,39149],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81907,5405],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[699,81910,4614,81912,81914],{"id":81911},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81913,39149],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81916,81917],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[699,81919,81921],{"id":81920},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81923,81924],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[38,81926,1332],{"id":1331},[163,81928,81929,81935,81941,81945,81949],{},[166,81930,81931],{},[221,81932,3015,81933,2948],{"href":39518},[15,81934,37008],{},[166,81936,81937],{},[221,81938,3015,81939,2948],{"href":64283},[15,81940,24221],{},[166,81942,81943],{},[221,81944,4666],{"href":4575},[166,81946,81947],{},[221,81948,4671],{"href":3834},[166,81950,81951],{},[221,81952,4661],{"href":4579},[1364,81954,81955],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":81957},[81958,81959,81961,81962,81963,81965,81970,81977,81979,81986,81987,81996],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":79533,"depth":103,"text":81960},"What map() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":79852,"depth":103,"text":81964},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80036,"depth":103,"text":81966,"children":81967},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81968],{"id":80224,"depth":124,"text":81969},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80381,"depth":103,"text":81971,"children":81972},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81973,81975,81976],{"id":80399,"depth":124,"text":81974},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80590,"depth":124,"text":80591},{"id":80683,"depth":124,"text":80684},{"id":80944,"depth":103,"text":81978},"When to use map()",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":81980},[81981,81983,81984,81985],{"id":81253,"depth":124,"text":81982},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81342,"depth":124,"text":81343},{"id":81463,"depth":124,"text":81464},{"id":81682,"depth":124,"text":81683},{"id":67330,"depth":103,"text":67331},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":81988},[81989,81991,81993,81995],{"id":81878,"depth":124,"text":81990},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81893,"depth":124,"text":81992},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81911,"depth":124,"text":81994},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81920,"depth":124,"text":81921},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79365,"description":81997},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82004,"title":82005,"body":82006,"description":84025,"extension":1401,"meta":84026,"navigation":127,"path":84027,"seo":84028,"stem":84029,"__hash__":84030},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82007,"toc":83983},[82008,82014,82019,82022,82030,82033,82035,82159,82161,82179,82181,82201,82206,82210,82224,82227,82230,82232,82237,82349,82352,82370,82376,82379,82441,82443,82452,82455,82469,82471,82519,82521,82530,82540,82546,82549,82576,82578,82586,82589,82592,82662,82664,82672,82675,82680,82685,82736,82738,82746,82749,82751,82768,82770,82822,82825,82831,82835,82840,82843,82847,82906,82908,82917,82923,82932,82936,82999,83001,83009,83014,83018,83023,83103,83105,83114,83121,83126,83131,83134,83169,83171,83179,83182,83188,83190,83240,83242,83251,83253,83271,83273,83278,83284,83291,83318,83320,83343,83348,83383,83388,83394,83399,83442,83445,83448,83487,83494,83500,83505,83520,83524,83531,83534,83538,83543,83547,83552,83554,83615,83617,83646,83651,83658,83667,83669,83672,83697,83699,83802,83805,83823,83832,83834,83839,83842,83848,83851,83853,83863,83869,83873,83931,83938,83946,83948,83980],[10,82009,3015,82011,3019],{"id":82010},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82012,82013],{},"max()",[20,82015,8570,82016,82018],{},[15,82017,82013],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82020,82021],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[163,82023,82024,82027],{},[166,82025,82026],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[166,82028,82029],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82031,82032],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[38,82034,41],{"id":40},[43,82036,82038],{"className":45,"code":82037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82039,82040,82064,82079,82083,82109,82113,82145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82041,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82043,940],{"class":58},[52,82045,63],{"class":62},[52,82047,3063],{"class":66},[52,82049,1500],{"class":947},[52,82051,80],{"class":66},[52,82053,5806],{"class":947},[52,82055,80],{"class":66},[52,82057,953],{"class":947},[52,82059,80],{"class":66},[52,82061,4048],{"class":947},[52,82063,3076],{"class":66},[52,82065,82066,82068,82070,82073,82075,82077],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82067,135],{"class":134},[52,82069,138],{"class":66},[52,82071,82072],{"class":134},"max",[52,82074,138],{"class":66},[52,82076,1037],{"class":117},[52,82078,1222],{"class":66},[52,82080,82081],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,82082,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,82084,82085,82087,82089,82091,82093,82095,82097,82099,82101,82103,82105,82107],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82086,135],{"class":134},[52,82088,138],{"class":66},[52,82090,82072],{"class":134},[52,82092,138],{"class":66},[52,82094,1500],{"class":947},[52,82096,80],{"class":66},[52,82098,5806],{"class":947},[52,82100,80],{"class":66},[52,82102,953],{"class":947},[52,82104,80],{"class":66},[52,82106,4048],{"class":947},[52,82108,1222],{"class":66},[52,82110,82111],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,82112,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,82114,82115,82117,82119,82121,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131,82133,82135,82137,82139,82141,82143],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,82116,3515],{"class":58},[52,82118,63],{"class":62},[52,82120,3063],{"class":66},[52,82122,71],{"class":70},[52,82124,75],{"class":74},[52,82126,71],{"class":70},[52,82128,80],{"class":66},[52,82130,83],{"class":70},[52,82132,86],{"class":74},[52,82134,71],{"class":70},[52,82136,80],{"class":66},[52,82138,83],{"class":70},[52,82140,78176],{"class":74},[52,82142,71],{"class":70},[52,82144,3076],{"class":66},[52,82146,82147,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,82148,135],{"class":134},[52,82150,138],{"class":66},[52,82152,82072],{"class":134},[52,82154,138],{"class":66},[52,82156,3556],{"class":117},[52,82158,1222],{"class":66},[20,82160,1509],{},[43,82162,82164],{"className":45,"code":82163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82165,82166,82170,82174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82167,82168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82169,1821],{"class":947},[52,82171,82172],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82173,1821],{"class":947},[52,82175,82176],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,82177,82178],{"class":58},"pear\n",[20,82180,19396],{},[163,82182,82183,82189,82195],{},[166,82184,82185,82188],{},[15,82186,82187],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[166,82190,82191,82194],{},[15,82192,82193],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[166,82196,82197,82200],{},[15,82198,82199],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[38,82202,194,82204,197],{"id":82203},"what-max-does",[15,82205,82013],{},[20,82207,82208,202],{},[15,82209,82013],{},[163,82211,82212,82215,82218,82221],{},[166,82213,82214],{},"Returns the largest item",[166,82216,82217],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[166,82219,82220],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[166,82222,82223],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82225,82226],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82228,82229],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[38,82231,228],{"id":227},[20,82233,82234,82235,202],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82236,82013],{},[43,82238,82240],{"className":45,"code":82239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82241,82242,82252,82276,82298,82321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82243,82244,82246,82248,82250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82245,82072],{"class":134},[52,82247,138],{"class":66},[52,82249,3162],{"class":117},[52,82251,144],{"class":66},[52,82253,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82265,82267,82269,82271,82274],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82255,82072],{"class":134},[52,82257,138],{"class":66},[52,82259,3162],{"class":117},[52,82261,80],{"class":66},[52,82263,82264],{"class":62}," *",[52,82266,80],{"class":66},[52,82268,21019],{"class":8623},[52,82270,63],{"class":62},[52,82272,82273],{"class":117},"func",[52,82275,144],{"class":66},[52,82277,82278,82280,82282,82284,82286,82288,82290,82292,82294,82296],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,82279,82072],{"class":134},[52,82281,138],{"class":66},[52,82283,3162],{"class":117},[52,82285,80],{"class":66},[52,82287,82264],{"class":62},[52,82289,80],{"class":66},[52,82291,25962],{"class":8623},[52,82293,63],{"class":62},[52,82295,985],{"class":117},[52,82297,144],{"class":66},[52,82299,82300,82302,82304,82307,82309,82312,82314,82316,82319],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82301,82072],{"class":134},[52,82303,138],{"class":66},[52,82305,82306],{"class":117},"arg1",[52,82308,80],{"class":66},[52,82310,82311],{"class":117}," arg2",[52,82313,80],{"class":66},[52,82315,82264],{"class":62},[52,82317,82318],{"class":117},"args",[52,82320,144],{"class":66},[52,82322,82323,82325,82327,82329,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,82324,82072],{"class":134},[52,82326,138],{"class":66},[52,82328,82306],{"class":117},[52,82330,80],{"class":66},[52,82332,82311],{"class":117},[52,82334,80],{"class":66},[52,82336,82264],{"class":62},[52,82338,82318],{"class":117},[52,82340,80],{"class":66},[52,82342,21019],{"class":8623},[52,82344,63],{"class":62},[52,82346,82273],{"class":117},[52,82348,144],{"class":66},[20,82350,82351],{},"The most important parts are:",[163,82353,82354,82359,82364],{},[166,82355,82356,82358],{},[15,82357,3162],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[166,82360,82361,82363],{},[15,82362,14281],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[166,82365,82366,82369],{},[15,82367,82368],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[38,82371,1185,82373,82375],{"id":82372},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82374,82013],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82377,82378],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[43,82380,82382],{"className":45,"code":82381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82383,82384,82410,82426,82430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82385,82386,82388,82390,82392,82395,82397,82399,82401,82403,82405,82408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82387,4507],{"class":58},[52,82389,63],{"class":62},[52,82391,3063],{"class":66},[52,82393,82394],{"class":947},"72",[52,82396,80],{"class":66},[52,82398,50947],{"class":947},[52,82400,80],{"class":66},[52,82402,12946],{"class":947},[52,82404,80],{"class":66},[52,82406,82407],{"class":947}," 66",[52,82409,3076],{"class":66},[52,82411,82412,82415,82417,82420,82422,82424],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82413,82414],{"class":58},"highest_score ",[52,82416,63],{"class":62},[52,82418,82419],{"class":134}," max",[52,82421,138],{"class":66},[52,82423,15828],{"class":117},[52,82425,144],{"class":66},[52,82427,82428],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,82429,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,82431,82432,82434,82436,82439],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82433,135],{"class":134},[52,82435,138],{"class":66},[52,82437,82438],{"class":117},"highest_score",[52,82440,144],{"class":66},[20,82442,1509],{},[43,82444,82446],{"className":45,"code":82445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"91\n",[15,82447,82448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82449,82450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82451,82445],{"class":947},[20,82453,82454],{},"This works well for:",[163,82456,82457,82460,82463,82466],{},[166,82458,82459],{},"Scores",[166,82461,82462],{},"Prices",[166,82464,82465],{},"Ages",[166,82467,82468],{},"Counts",[20,82470,51517],{},[43,82472,82474],{"className":45,"code":82473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82475,82476,82504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82477,82478,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82492,82494,82497,82499,82502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82479,82480],{"class":58},"prices ",[52,82482,63],{"class":62},[52,82484,3063],{"class":66},[52,82486,39831],{"class":947},[52,82488,80],{"class":66},[52,82490,82491],{"class":947}," 5.50",[52,82493,80],{"class":66},[52,82495,82496],{"class":947}," 12.75",[52,82498,80],{"class":66},[52,82500,82501],{"class":947}," 29.00",[52,82503,3076],{"class":66},[52,82505,82506,82508,82510,82512,82514,82517],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82507,135],{"class":134},[52,82509,138],{"class":66},[52,82511,82072],{"class":134},[52,82513,138],{"class":66},[52,82515,82516],{"class":117},"prices",[52,82518,1222],{"class":66},[20,82520,1509],{},[43,82522,82524],{"className":45,"code":82523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"29.0\n",[15,82525,82526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82527,82528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82529,82523],{"class":947},[20,82531,82532,82533,82535,82536,114],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82534,82013],{}," is simpler than ",[221,82537,82538],{"href":73953},[15,82539,73856],{},[38,82541,1185,82543,82545],{"id":82542},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82544,82013],{}," with separate values",[20,82547,82548],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[43,82550,82552],{"className":45,"code":82551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82553,82554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82555,82556,82558,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82557,135],{"class":134},[52,82559,138],{"class":66},[52,82561,82072],{"class":134},[52,82563,138],{"class":66},[52,82565,1943],{"class":947},[52,82567,80],{"class":66},[52,82569,30373],{"class":947},[52,82571,80],{"class":66},[52,82573,5440],{"class":947},[52,82575,1222],{"class":66},[20,82577,1509],{},[43,82579,82580],{"className":45,"code":1663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82581,82582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82583,82584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82585,1663],{"class":947},[20,82587,82588],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82590,82591],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[43,82593,82595],{"className":45,"code":82594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82596,82597,82606,82614,82624,82628,82651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82598,82599,82601,82603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82600,1993],{"class":58},[52,82602,63],{"class":62},[52,82604,82605],{"class":947}," 15\n",[52,82607,82608,82610,82612],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82609,2021],{"class":58},[52,82611,63],{"class":62},[52,82613,2208],{"class":947},[52,82615,82616,82619,82621],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,82617,82618],{"class":58},"c ",[52,82620,63],{"class":62},[52,82622,82623],{"class":947}," 27\n",[52,82625,82626],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,82627,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,82629,82630,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82649],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,82631,82632],{"class":58},"largest ",[52,82634,63],{"class":62},[52,82636,82419],{"class":134},[52,82638,138],{"class":66},[52,82640,221],{"class":117},[52,82642,80],{"class":66},[52,82644,1998],{"class":117},[52,82646,80],{"class":66},[52,82648,9129],{"class":117},[52,82650,144],{"class":66},[52,82652,82653,82655,82657,82660],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,82654,135],{"class":134},[52,82656,138],{"class":66},[52,82658,82659],{"class":117},"largest",[52,82661,144],{"class":66},[20,82663,1509],{},[43,82665,82666],{"className":45,"code":46047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82667,82668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82669,82670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82671,46047],{"class":947},[20,82673,82674],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[38,82676,1185,82678,46494],{"id":82677},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82679,82013],{},[20,82681,82682,82684],{},[15,82683,82013],{}," can compare strings too.",[43,82686,82688],{"className":45,"code":82687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82689,82690,82722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82691,82692,82694,82696,82698,82700,82702,82704,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82693,3515],{"class":58},[52,82695,63],{"class":62},[52,82697,3063],{"class":66},[52,82699,71],{"class":70},[52,82701,75],{"class":74},[52,82703,71],{"class":70},[52,82705,80],{"class":66},[52,82707,83],{"class":70},[52,82709,86],{"class":74},[52,82711,71],{"class":70},[52,82713,80],{"class":66},[52,82715,83],{"class":70},[52,82717,78176],{"class":74},[52,82719,71],{"class":70},[52,82721,3076],{"class":66},[52,82723,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82725,135],{"class":134},[52,82727,138],{"class":66},[52,82729,82072],{"class":134},[52,82731,138],{"class":66},[52,82733,3556],{"class":117},[52,82735,1222],{"class":66},[20,82737,1509],{},[43,82739,82740],{"className":45,"code":82178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82741,82742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82743,82744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82745,82178],{"class":58},[20,82747,82748],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82750,67719],{},[163,82752,82753,82762,82765],{},[166,82754,82755,82758,82759,82761],{},[15,82756,82757],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82760,64710],{}," alphabetically",[166,82763,82764],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[166,82766,82767],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82769,267],{},[43,82771,82773],{"className":45,"code":82772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82774,82775,82808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82776,82777,82779,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82796,82798,82800,82802,82804,82806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82778,3515],{"class":58},[52,82780,63],{"class":62},[52,82782,3063],{"class":66},[52,82784,71],{"class":70},[52,82786,75],{"class":74},[52,82788,71],{"class":70},[52,82790,80],{"class":66},[52,82792,83],{"class":70},[52,82794,82795],{"class":74},"Banana",[52,82797,71],{"class":70},[52,82799,80],{"class":66},[52,82801,83],{"class":70},[52,82803,78176],{"class":74},[52,82805,71],{"class":70},[52,82807,3076],{"class":66},[52,82809,82810,82812,82814,82816,82818,82820],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82811,135],{"class":134},[52,82813,138],{"class":66},[52,82815,82072],{"class":134},[52,82817,138],{"class":66},[52,82819,3556],{"class":117},[52,82821,1222],{"class":66},[20,82823,82824],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82826,82827,82828,82830],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82829,14281],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[38,82832,36045,82833,36048],{"id":78134},[15,82834,14281],{},[20,82836,1418,82837,82839],{},[15,82838,14281],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82841,82842],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[699,82844,82846],{"id":82845},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[43,82848,82850],{"className":45,"code":82849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82851,82852,82884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82853,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82855,3515],{"class":58},[52,82857,63],{"class":62},[52,82859,3063],{"class":66},[52,82861,71],{"class":70},[52,82863,488],{"class":74},[52,82865,71],{"class":70},[52,82867,80],{"class":66},[52,82869,83],{"class":70},[52,82871,67762],{"class":74},[52,82873,71],{"class":70},[52,82875,80],{"class":66},[52,82877,83],{"class":70},[52,82879,497],{"class":74},[52,82881,71],{"class":70},[52,82883,3076],{"class":66},[52,82885,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82887,135],{"class":134},[52,82889,138],{"class":66},[52,82891,82072],{"class":134},[52,82893,138],{"class":66},[52,82895,3556],{"class":117},[52,82897,80],{"class":66},[52,82899,21019],{"class":8623},[52,82901,63],{"class":62},[52,82903,1215],{"class":134},[52,82905,1222],{"class":66},[20,82907,1509],{},[43,82909,82911],{"className":45,"code":82910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"elephant\n",[15,82912,82913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82914,82915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82916,82910],{"class":58},[20,82918,20210,82919,82922],{},[15,82920,82921],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82924,82925,82926,33060,82928,114],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82927,41795],{},[221,82929,82930,5230],{"href":41792},[15,82931,41795],{},[699,82933,82935],{"id":82934},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[43,82937,82939],{"className":45,"code":82938,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82940,82941,82973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82942,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82953,82955,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82944,3515],{"class":58},[52,82946,63],{"class":62},[52,82948,3063],{"class":66},[52,82950,71],{"class":70},[52,82952,75],{"class":74},[52,82954,71],{"class":70},[52,82956,80],{"class":66},[52,82958,83],{"class":70},[52,82960,82795],{"class":74},[52,82962,71],{"class":70},[52,82964,80],{"class":66},[52,82966,83],{"class":70},[52,82968,78176],{"class":74},[52,82970,71],{"class":70},[52,82972,3076],{"class":66},[52,82974,82975,82977,82979,82981,82983,82985,82987,82989,82991,82993,82995,82997],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,82976,135],{"class":134},[52,82978,138],{"class":66},[52,82980,82072],{"class":134},[52,82982,138],{"class":66},[52,82984,3556],{"class":117},[52,82986,80],{"class":66},[52,82988,21019],{"class":8623},[52,82990,63],{"class":62},[52,82992,2882],{"class":600},[52,82994,114],{"class":66},[52,82996,8087],{"class":24190},[52,82998,1222],{"class":66},[20,83000,1509],{},[43,83002,83003],{"className":45,"code":82178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83004,83005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83006,83007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83008,82178],{"class":58},[20,83010,20210,83011,83013],{},[15,83012,78130],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[699,83015,83017],{"id":83016},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83019,83020,83021,202],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83022,37092],{},[43,83024,83026],{"className":45,"code":83025,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83027,83028,83071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83029,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83049,83051,83053,83055,83058,83060,83062,83064,83067,83069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83031,59],{"class":58},[52,83033,63],{"class":62},[52,83035,3063],{"class":66},[52,83037,71],{"class":70},[52,83039,221],{"class":74},[52,83041,71],{"class":70},[52,83043,80],{"class":66},[52,83045,83],{"class":70},[52,83047,83048],{"class":74},"bb",[52,83050,71],{"class":70},[52,83052,80],{"class":66},[52,83054,83],{"class":70},[52,83056,83057],{"class":74},"cccc",[52,83059,71],{"class":70},[52,83061,80],{"class":66},[52,83063,83],{"class":70},[52,83065,83066],{"class":74},"ddd",[52,83068,71],{"class":70},[52,83070,3076],{"class":66},[52,83072,83073,83075,83077,83079,83081,83083,83085,83087,83089,83091,83093,83095,83097,83099,83101],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83074,135],{"class":134},[52,83076,138],{"class":66},[52,83078,82072],{"class":134},[52,83080,138],{"class":66},[52,83082,154],{"class":117},[52,83084,80],{"class":66},[52,83086,21019],{"class":8623},[52,83088,63],{"class":62},[52,83090,37092],{"class":1503},[52,83092,42276],{"class":37095},[52,83094,202],{"class":66},[52,83096,37819],{"class":134},[52,83098,138],{"class":66},[52,83100,34141],{"class":117},[52,83102,2350],{"class":66},[20,83104,1509],{},[43,83106,83108],{"className":45,"code":83107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cccc\n",[15,83109,83110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83111,83112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83113,83107],{"class":58},[20,83115,48986,83116,803,83118,83120],{},[15,83117,82921],{},[15,83119,78017],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[38,83122,36045,83124,36048],{"id":83123},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83125,82368],{},[20,83127,1418,83128,83130],{},[15,83129,82368],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83132,83133],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[43,83135,83137],{"className":45,"code":83136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83138,83139,83147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83140,83141,83143,83145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83142,940],{"class":58},[52,83144,63],{"class":62},[52,83146,7285],{"class":66},[52,83148,83149,83151,83153,83155,83157,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83150,135],{"class":134},[52,83152,138],{"class":66},[52,83154,82072],{"class":134},[52,83156,138],{"class":66},[52,83158,1037],{"class":117},[52,83160,80],{"class":66},[52,83162,25962],{"class":8623},[52,83164,63],{"class":62},[52,83166,1558],{"class":947},[52,83168,1222],{"class":66},[20,83170,1509],{},[43,83172,83173],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83174,83175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83176,83177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83178,46687],{"class":947},[20,83180,83181],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83183,83184,83185,83187],{},"Without ",[15,83186,82368],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83189,51517],{},[43,83191,83193],{"className":45,"code":83192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83194,83195,83203,83230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83196,83197,83199,83201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83198,3515],{"class":58},[52,83200,63],{"class":62},[52,83202,7285],{"class":66},[52,83204,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213,83215,83217,83219,83221,83223,83226,83228],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83206,1668],{"class":58},[52,83208,63],{"class":62},[52,83210,82419],{"class":134},[52,83212,138],{"class":66},[52,83214,3556],{"class":117},[52,83216,80],{"class":66},[52,83218,25962],{"class":8623},[52,83220,63],{"class":62},[52,83222,71],{"class":70},[52,83224,83225],{"class":74},"no words found",[52,83227,71],{"class":70},[52,83229,144],{"class":66},[52,83231,83232,83234,83236,83238],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,83233,135],{"class":134},[52,83235,138],{"class":66},[52,83237,1703],{"class":117},[52,83239,144],{"class":66},[20,83241,1509],{},[43,83243,83245],{"className":45,"code":83244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"no words found\n",[15,83246,83247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83248,83249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83250,83244],{"class":58},[20,83252,183],{},[163,83254,83255,83263],{},[166,83256,83257,83259,83260],{},[15,83258,82368],{}," works with ",[15,83261,83262],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[166,83264,40339,83265,83267,83268],{},[30,83266,32],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83269,83270],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[38,83272,47422],{"id":47421},[20,83274,83275,83276,114],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83277,82013],{},[699,83279,83281,83283],{"id":83280},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83282,40137],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83285,83286,83287,45343,83289,114],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83288,82368],{},[15,83290,40137],{},[43,83292,83294],{"className":45,"code":83293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83295,83296,83304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83297,83298,83300,83302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83299,940],{"class":58},[52,83301,63],{"class":62},[52,83303,7285],{"class":66},[52,83305,83306,83308,83310,83312,83314,83316],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83307,135],{"class":134},[52,83309,138],{"class":66},[52,83311,82072],{"class":134},[52,83313,138],{"class":66},[52,83315,1037],{"class":117},[52,83317,1222],{"class":66},[20,83319,29115],{},[43,83321,83323],{"className":45,"code":83322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83324,83325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83326,83327,83329,83331,83333,83335,83338,83340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83328,40137],{"class":600},[52,83330,202],{"class":66},[52,83332,82419],{"class":134},[52,83334,6812],{"class":66},[52,83336,83337],{"class":58}," arg ",[52,83339,11637],{"class":62},[52,83341,83342],{"class":58}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83344,83345,83346,202],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83347,82368],{},[43,83349,83351],{"className":45,"code":83350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83352,83353,83361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83354,83355,83357,83359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83356,940],{"class":58},[52,83358,63],{"class":62},[52,83360,7285],{"class":66},[52,83362,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83364,135],{"class":134},[52,83366,138],{"class":66},[52,83368,82072],{"class":134},[52,83370,138],{"class":66},[52,83372,1037],{"class":117},[52,83374,80],{"class":66},[52,83376,25962],{"class":8623},[52,83378,63],{"class":62},[52,83380,3220],{"class":3295},[52,83382,1222],{"class":66},[20,83384,83385,83386,114],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[221,83387,65275],{"href":72310},[699,83389,83391,83393],{"id":83390},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83392,2443],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83395,83396,83397,114],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83398,2443],{},[43,83400,83402],{"className":45,"code":83401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83403,83404,83428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83405,83406,83408,83410,83412,83414,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83407,59],{"class":58},[52,83409,63],{"class":62},[52,83411,3063],{"class":66},[52,83413,1770],{"class":947},[52,83415,80],{"class":66},[52,83417,83],{"class":70},[52,83419,15193],{"class":74},[52,83421,71],{"class":70},[52,83423,80],{"class":66},[52,83425,7242],{"class":947},[52,83427,3076],{"class":66},[52,83429,83430,83432,83434,83436,83438,83440],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83431,135],{"class":134},[52,83433,138],{"class":66},[52,83435,82072],{"class":134},[52,83437,138],{"class":66},[52,83439,154],{"class":117},[52,83441,1222],{"class":66},[20,83443,83444],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83446,83447],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[43,83449,83451],{"className":45,"code":83450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83452,83453,83473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83454,83455,83457,83459,83461,83463,83465,83467,83469,83471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83456,59],{"class":58},[52,83458,63],{"class":62},[52,83460,3063],{"class":66},[52,83462,1770],{"class":947},[52,83464,80],{"class":66},[52,83466,7237],{"class":947},[52,83468,80],{"class":66},[52,83470,7242],{"class":947},[52,83472,3076],{"class":66},[52,83474,83475,83477,83479,83481,83483,83485],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83476,135],{"class":134},[52,83478,138],{"class":66},[52,83480,82072],{"class":134},[52,83482,138],{"class":66},[52,83484,154],{"class":117},[52,83486,1222],{"class":66},[20,83488,83489,83490,114],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[221,83491,83493],{"href":83492},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[699,83495,83497,83499],{"id":83496},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83498,2443],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83501,83502,83504],{},[15,83503,82013],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[43,83506,83508],{"className":45,"code":83507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max())\n",[15,83509,83510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83511,83512,83514,83516,83518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83513,135],{"class":134},[52,83515,138],{"class":66},[52,83517,82072],{"class":134},[52,83519,6640],{"class":66},[20,83521,2440,83522,114],{},[15,83523,2443],{},[38,83525,83527,897,83529],{"id":83526},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83528,82013],{},[15,83530,73856],{},[20,83532,83533],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83535,83536,202],{},[15,83537,82013],{},[163,83539,83540],{},[166,83541,83542],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83544,83545,202],{},[15,83546,73856],{},[163,83548,83549],{},[166,83550,83551],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83553,267],{},[43,83555,83557],{"className":45,"code":83556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83558,83559,83583,83587,83601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83560,83561,83563,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83562,940],{"class":58},[52,83564,63],{"class":62},[52,83566,3063],{"class":66},[52,83568,1500],{"class":947},[52,83570,80],{"class":66},[52,83572,5806],{"class":947},[52,83574,80],{"class":66},[52,83576,953],{"class":947},[52,83578,80],{"class":66},[52,83580,4048],{"class":947},[52,83582,3076],{"class":66},[52,83584,83585],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83586,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,83588,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,83590,135],{"class":134},[52,83592,138],{"class":66},[52,83594,82072],{"class":134},[52,83596,138],{"class":66},[52,83598,1037],{"class":117},[52,83600,1222],{"class":66},[52,83602,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611,83613],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,83604,135],{"class":134},[52,83606,138],{"class":66},[52,83608,73946],{"class":134},[52,83610,138],{"class":66},[52,83612,1037],{"class":117},[52,83614,1222],{"class":66},[20,83616,1509],{},[43,83618,83620],{"className":45,"code":83619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83621,83622,83626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83623,83624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83625,1821],{"class":947},[52,83627,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83629,3344],{"class":66},[52,83631,1047],{"class":947},[52,83633,80],{"class":66},[52,83635,958],{"class":947},[52,83637,80],{"class":66},[52,83639,4048],{"class":947},[52,83641,80],{"class":66},[52,83643,5806],{"class":947},[52,83645,3076],{"class":66},[20,83647,799,83648,83650],{},[15,83649,82013],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83652,799,83653,83657],{},[221,83654,83655],{"href":73953},[15,83656,73856],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83659,83660,83661,114],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[221,83662,83664],{"href":83663},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83665,83666],{},"min()",[38,83668,1158],{"id":1157},[20,83670,83671],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[163,83673,83674,83681,83684,83689,83692],{},[166,83675,633,83676,83678,83679],{},[15,83677,82013],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83680,82368],{},[166,83682,83683],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[166,83685,1174,83686,83688],{},[15,83687,82013],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[166,83690,83691],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[166,83693,1185,83694,83696],{},[15,83695,82368],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83698,10556],{},[43,83700,83702],{"className":45,"code":83701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83703,83704,83714,83728,83742,83756,83778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83705,83706,83708,83710,83712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83707,135],{"class":134},[52,83709,138],{"class":66},[52,83711,154],{"class":117},[52,83713,144],{"class":66},[52,83715,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83717,135],{"class":134},[52,83719,138],{"class":66},[52,83721,1231],{"class":600},[52,83723,138],{"class":66},[52,83725,154],{"class":117},[52,83727,1222],{"class":66},[52,83729,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,83731,135],{"class":134},[52,83733,138],{"class":66},[52,83735,1215],{"class":134},[52,83737,138],{"class":66},[52,83739,154],{"class":117},[52,83741,1222],{"class":66},[52,83743,83744,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,83745,135],{"class":134},[52,83747,138],{"class":66},[52,83749,82072],{"class":134},[52,83751,138],{"class":66},[52,83753,154],{"class":117},[52,83755,1222],{"class":66},[52,83757,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772,83774,83776],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,83759,135],{"class":134},[52,83761,138],{"class":66},[52,83763,82072],{"class":134},[52,83765,138],{"class":66},[52,83767,154],{"class":117},[52,83769,80],{"class":66},[52,83771,25962],{"class":8623},[52,83773,63],{"class":62},[52,83775,3220],{"class":3295},[52,83777,1222],{"class":66},[52,83779,83780,83782,83784,83786,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,83781,135],{"class":134},[52,83783,2424],{"class":66},[52,83785,1231],{"class":600},[52,83787,138],{"class":66},[52,83789,1611],{"class":117},[52,83791,3102],{"class":66},[52,83793,3320],{"class":731},[52,83795,3323],{"class":117},[52,83797,3326],{"class":731},[52,83799,111],{"class":117},[52,83801,3332],{"class":66},[20,83803,83804],{},"These are useful for checking:",[163,83806,83807,83812,83817,83820],{},[166,83808,83809,83810],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83811,154],{},[166,83813,79183,83814,83816],{},[15,83815,154],{}," is a list or some other type",[166,83818,83819],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[166,83821,83822],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83824,68783,83825,83828,83829,83831],{},[15,83826,83827],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83830,154],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[38,83833,1273],{"id":1272},[699,83835,4586,83837,4589],{"id":83836},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83838,82013],{},[20,83840,83841],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[699,83843,4614,83845,83847],{"id":83844},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83846,82013],{}," work with strings?",[20,83849,83850],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[699,83852,71079],{"id":71078},[20,83854,83855,51932,83857,83859,83860,83862],{},[15,83856,82013],{},[15,83858,40137],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83861,82368],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[699,83864,83866,83867,1293],{"id":83865},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83868,82013],{},[20,83870,799,83871,202],{},[15,83872,82921],{},[43,83874,83875],{"className":45,"code":82849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83876,83877,83909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83878,83879,83881,83883,83885,83887,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899,83901,83903,83905,83907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83880,3515],{"class":58},[52,83882,63],{"class":62},[52,83884,3063],{"class":66},[52,83886,71],{"class":70},[52,83888,488],{"class":74},[52,83890,71],{"class":70},[52,83892,80],{"class":66},[52,83894,83],{"class":70},[52,83896,67762],{"class":74},[52,83898,71],{"class":70},[52,83900,80],{"class":66},[52,83902,83],{"class":70},[52,83904,497],{"class":74},[52,83906,71],{"class":70},[52,83908,3076],{"class":66},[52,83910,83911,83913,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,83912,135],{"class":134},[52,83914,138],{"class":66},[52,83916,82072],{"class":134},[52,83918,138],{"class":66},[52,83920,3556],{"class":117},[52,83922,80],{"class":66},[52,83924,21019],{"class":8623},[52,83926,63],{"class":62},[52,83928,1215],{"class":134},[52,83930,1222],{"class":66},[699,83932,4624,83934,803,83936,1293],{"id":83933},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83935,82013],{},[15,83937,73856],{},[20,83939,83940,83942,83943,83945],{},[15,83941,82013],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,83944,73856],{}," returns all items in order.",[38,83947,1332],{"id":1331},[163,83949,83950,83956,83962,83968,83972,83976],{},[166,83951,83952],{},[221,83953,83954,2948],{"href":83663},[15,83955,83666],{},[166,83957,83958],{},[221,83959,83960,2948],{"href":73953},[15,83961,73856],{},[166,83963,83964],{},[221,83965,83966,2948],{"href":41792},[15,83967,41795],{},[166,83969,83970],{},[221,83971,58391],{"href":58390},[166,83973,83974],{},[221,83975,65275],{"href":72310},[166,83977,83978],{},[221,83979,83493],{"href":83492},[1364,83981,83982],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":83984},[83985,83986,83988,83989,83991,83993,83995,84000,84002,84010,84012,84013,84024],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":82203,"depth":103,"text":83987},"What max() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":82372,"depth":103,"text":83990},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82542,"depth":103,"text":83992},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82677,"depth":103,"text":83994},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78134,"depth":103,"text":79332,"children":83996},[83997,83998,83999],{"id":82845,"depth":124,"text":82846},{"id":82934,"depth":124,"text":82935},{"id":83016,"depth":124,"text":83017},{"id":83123,"depth":103,"text":84001},"Using the default argument",{"id":47421,"depth":103,"text":47422,"children":84003},[84004,84006,84008],{"id":83280,"depth":124,"text":84005},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83390,"depth":124,"text":84007},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83496,"depth":124,"text":84009},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83526,"depth":103,"text":84011},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":84014},[84015,84017,84019,84020,84022],{"id":83836,"depth":124,"text":84016},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83844,"depth":124,"text":84018},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71078,"depth":124,"text":71079},{"id":83865,"depth":124,"text":84021},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83933,"depth":124,"text":84023},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82005,"description":84025},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84032,"title":84033,"body":84034,"description":85988,"extension":1401,"meta":85989,"navigation":127,"path":85990,"seo":85991,"stem":85992,"__hash__":85993},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84035,"toc":85945},[84036,84041,84046,84052,84054,84128,84130,84143,84148,84153,84169,84173,84178,84254,84260,84263,84306,84308,84316,84322,84325,84356,84358,84366,84372,84377,84436,84438,84447,84450,84460,84466,84471,84506,84508,84516,84522,84528,84533,84577,84579,84588,84591,84631,84633,84642,84645,84657,84662,84667,84718,84720,84729,84732,84783,84785,84794,84797,84804,84810,84815,84817,84832,84836,84896,84898,84907,84911,85083,85085,85122,85129,85135,85138,85165,85167,85188,85193,85228,85230,85238,85241,85244,85260,85265,85267,85271,85277,85281,85308,85311,85321,85361,85365,85368,85411,85413,85422,85425,85430,85499,85501,85509,85514,85518,85521,85572,85574,85582,85585,85648,85650,85658,85661,85666,85670,85683,85690,85698,85700,85702,85732,85738,85839,85849,85851,85856,85859,85864,85867,85869,85877,85885,85893,85900,85908,85910,85942],[10,84037,3015,84039,3019],{"id":84038},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84040,83666],{},[20,84042,84043,84045],{},[15,84044,83666],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84047,84048,84049,84051],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84050,83666],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[38,84053,41],{"id":40},[43,84055,84057],{"className":45,"code":84056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84058,84059,84083,84098,84102],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84060,84061,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84062,940],{"class":58},[52,84064,63],{"class":62},[52,84066,3063],{"class":66},[52,84068,1131],{"class":947},[52,84070,80],{"class":66},[52,84072,953],{"class":947},[52,84074,80],{"class":66},[52,84076,53574],{"class":947},[52,84078,80],{"class":66},[52,84080,4944],{"class":947},[52,84082,3076],{"class":66},[52,84084,84085,84087,84089,84092,84094,84096],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84086,135],{"class":134},[52,84088,138],{"class":66},[52,84090,84091],{"class":134},"min",[52,84093,138],{"class":66},[52,84095,1037],{"class":117},[52,84097,1222],{"class":66},[52,84099,84100],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,84101,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,84103,84104,84106,84108,84110,84112,84114,84116,84118,84120,84122,84124,84126],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84105,135],{"class":134},[52,84107,138],{"class":66},[52,84109,84091],{"class":134},[52,84111,138],{"class":66},[52,84113,1131],{"class":947},[52,84115,80],{"class":66},[52,84117,953],{"class":947},[52,84119,80],{"class":66},[52,84121,53574],{"class":947},[52,84123,80],{"class":66},[52,84125,4944],{"class":947},[52,84127,1222],{"class":66},[20,84129,1509],{},[43,84131,84133],{"className":45,"code":84132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n1\n",[15,84134,84135,84139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84136,84137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84138,46352],{"class":947},[52,84140,84141],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84142,46352],{"class":947},[20,84144,799,84145,84147],{},[15,84146,83666],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[38,84149,194,84151,197],{"id":84150},"what-min-does",[15,84152,83666],{},[163,84154,84155,84160,84163,84166],{},[166,84156,84157,84159],{},[15,84158,83666],{}," returns the smallest item",[166,84161,84162],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[166,84164,84165],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[166,84167,84168],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[38,84170,84172],{"id":84171},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84174,84175,84176,202],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84177,83666],{},[43,84179,84181],{"className":45,"code":84180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84182,84183,84193,84218,84236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84184,84185,84187,84189,84191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84186,84091],{"class":134},[52,84188,138],{"class":66},[52,84190,3162],{"class":117},[52,84192,144],{"class":66},[52,84194,84195,84197,84199,84202,84204,84207,84209,84212,84214,84216],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84196,84091],{"class":134},[52,84198,138],{"class":66},[52,84200,84201],{"class":117},"value1",[52,84203,80],{"class":66},[52,84205,84206],{"class":117}," value2",[52,84208,80],{"class":66},[52,84210,84211],{"class":117}," value3",[52,84213,80],{"class":66},[52,84215,33886],{"class":134},[52,84217,144],{"class":66},[52,84219,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,84221,84091],{"class":134},[52,84223,138],{"class":66},[52,84225,3162],{"class":117},[52,84227,80],{"class":66},[52,84229,21019],{"class":8623},[52,84231,63],{"class":62},[52,84233,36803],{"class":134},[52,84235,144],{"class":66},[52,84237,84238,84240,84242,84244,84246,84248,84250,84252],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84239,84091],{"class":134},[52,84241,138],{"class":66},[52,84243,3162],{"class":117},[52,84245,80],{"class":66},[52,84247,25962],{"class":8623},[52,84249,63],{"class":62},[52,84251,36803],{"class":134},[52,84253,144],{"class":66},[699,84255,84257],{"id":84256},"miniterable",[15,84258,84259],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84261,84262],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[43,84264,84266],{"className":45,"code":84265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84267,84268,84292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84269,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284,84286,84288,84290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84271,940],{"class":58},[52,84273,63],{"class":62},[52,84275,3063],{"class":66},[52,84277,1785],{"class":947},[52,84279,80],{"class":66},[52,84281,958],{"class":947},[52,84283,80],{"class":66},[52,84285,30373],{"class":947},[52,84287,80],{"class":66},[52,84289,4944],{"class":947},[52,84291,3076],{"class":66},[52,84293,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84295,135],{"class":134},[52,84297,138],{"class":66},[52,84299,84091],{"class":134},[52,84301,138],{"class":66},[52,84303,1037],{"class":117},[52,84305,1222],{"class":66},[20,84307,1509],{},[43,84309,84310],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84311,84312],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84313,84314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84315,46352],{"class":947},[699,84317,84319],{"id":84318},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84320,84321],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84323,84324],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[43,84326,84328],{"className":45,"code":84327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84329,84330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84331,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340,84342,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84333,135],{"class":134},[52,84335,138],{"class":66},[52,84337,84091],{"class":134},[52,84339,138],{"class":66},[52,84341,1785],{"class":947},[52,84343,80],{"class":66},[52,84345,958],{"class":947},[52,84347,80],{"class":66},[52,84349,30373],{"class":947},[52,84351,80],{"class":66},[52,84353,4944],{"class":947},[52,84355,1222],{"class":66},[20,84357,1509],{},[43,84359,84360],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84361,84362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84363,84364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84365,46352],{"class":947},[699,84367,84369],{"id":84368},"miniterable-key",[15,84370,84371],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84373,799,84374,84376],{},[15,84375,14281],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[43,84378,84380],{"className":45,"code":84379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84381,84382,84414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84383,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394,84396,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84385,3515],{"class":58},[52,84387,63],{"class":62},[52,84389,3063],{"class":66},[52,84391,71],{"class":70},[52,84393,78176],{"class":74},[52,84395,71],{"class":70},[52,84397,80],{"class":66},[52,84399,83],{"class":70},[52,84401,37774],{"class":74},[52,84403,71],{"class":70},[52,84405,80],{"class":66},[52,84407,83],{"class":70},[52,84409,86],{"class":74},[52,84411,71],{"class":70},[52,84413,3076],{"class":66},[52,84415,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84417,135],{"class":134},[52,84419,138],{"class":66},[52,84421,84091],{"class":134},[52,84423,138],{"class":66},[52,84425,3556],{"class":117},[52,84427,80],{"class":66},[52,84429,21019],{"class":8623},[52,84431,63],{"class":62},[52,84433,1215],{"class":134},[52,84435,1222],{"class":66},[20,84437,1509],{},[43,84439,84441],{"className":45,"code":84440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"kiwi\n",[15,84442,84443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84444,84445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84446,84440],{"class":58},[20,84448,84449],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84451,84452,84453,84455,84456,114],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84454,41795],{},", see the ",[221,84457,84458,2948],{"href":41792},[15,84459,41795],{},[699,84461,84463],{"id":84462},"miniterable-default",[15,84464,84465],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84467,799,84468,84470],{},[15,84469,82368],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[43,84472,84474],{"className":45,"code":84473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84475,84476,84484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84477,84478,84480,84482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84479,940],{"class":58},[52,84481,63],{"class":62},[52,84483,7285],{"class":66},[52,84485,84486,84488,84490,84492,84494,84496,84498,84500,84502,84504],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84487,135],{"class":134},[52,84489,138],{"class":66},[52,84491,84091],{"class":134},[52,84493,138],{"class":66},[52,84495,1037],{"class":117},[52,84497,80],{"class":66},[52,84499,25962],{"class":8623},[52,84501,63],{"class":62},[52,84503,1558],{"class":947},[52,84505,1222],{"class":66},[20,84507,1509],{},[43,84509,84510],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84511,84512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84513,84514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84515,46687],{"class":947},[20,84517,84518,84519,84521],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84520,40137],{}," when there is no item to return.",[38,84523,1185,84525,84527],{"id":84524},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84526,83666],{}," with numbers",[20,84529,84530,84532],{},[15,84531,83666],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[43,84534,84536],{"className":45,"code":84535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84537,84538,84563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84539,84540,84542,84544,84546,84548,84550,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84541,4507],{"class":58},[52,84543,63],{"class":62},[52,84545,3063],{"class":66},[52,84547,50942],{"class":947},[52,84549,80],{"class":66},[52,84551,84552],{"class":947}," 72",[52,84554,80],{"class":66},[52,84556,28343],{"class":947},[52,84558,80],{"class":66},[52,84560,75532],{"class":947},[52,84562,3076],{"class":66},[52,84564,84565,84567,84569,84571,84573,84575],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84566,135],{"class":134},[52,84568,138],{"class":66},[52,84570,84091],{"class":134},[52,84572,138],{"class":66},[52,84574,15828],{"class":117},[52,84576,1222],{"class":66},[20,84578,1509],{},[43,84580,84582],{"className":45,"code":84581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"60\n",[15,84583,84584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84585,84586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84587,84581],{"class":947},[20,84589,84590],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[43,84592,84594],{"className":45,"code":84593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84595,84596,84617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84597,84598,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84611,84613,84615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84599,82480],{"class":58},[52,84601,63],{"class":62},[52,84603,3063],{"class":66},[52,84605,39831],{"class":947},[52,84607,80],{"class":66},[52,84609,84610],{"class":947}," 5.49",[52,84612,80],{"class":66},[52,84614,82496],{"class":947},[52,84616,3076],{"class":66},[52,84618,84619,84621,84623,84625,84627,84629],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84620,135],{"class":134},[52,84622,138],{"class":66},[52,84624,84091],{"class":134},[52,84626,138],{"class":66},[52,84628,82516],{"class":117},[52,84630,1222],{"class":66},[20,84632,1509],{},[43,84634,84636],{"className":45,"code":84635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.49\n",[15,84637,84638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84639,84640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84641,84635],{"class":947},[20,84643,84644],{},"This is useful for things like:",[163,84646,84647,84649,84651,84654],{},[166,84648,15828],{},[166,84650,82516],{},[166,84652,84653],{},"measurements",[166,84655,84656],{},"ages",[38,84658,1185,84660,46494],{"id":84659},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84661,83666],{},[20,84663,84664,84666],{},[15,84665,83666],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[43,84668,84670],{"className":45,"code":84669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84671,84672,84704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84673,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688,84690,84692,84694,84696,84698,84700,84702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84675,3515],{"class":58},[52,84677,63],{"class":62},[52,84679,3063],{"class":66},[52,84681,71],{"class":70},[52,84683,86],{"class":74},[52,84685,71],{"class":70},[52,84687,80],{"class":66},[52,84689,83],{"class":70},[52,84691,75],{"class":74},[52,84693,71],{"class":70},[52,84695,80],{"class":66},[52,84697,83],{"class":70},[52,84699,95],{"class":74},[52,84701,71],{"class":70},[52,84703,3076],{"class":66},[52,84705,84706,84708,84710,84712,84714,84716],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84707,135],{"class":134},[52,84709,138],{"class":66},[52,84711,84091],{"class":134},[52,84713,138],{"class":66},[52,84715,3556],{"class":117},[52,84717,1222],{"class":66},[20,84719,1509],{},[43,84721,84723],{"className":45,"code":84722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple\n",[15,84724,84725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84726,84727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84728,84722],{"class":58},[20,84730,84731],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[43,84733,84735],{"className":45,"code":84734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84736,84737,84769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84738,84739,84741,84743,84745,84747,84749,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84740,3515],{"class":58},[52,84742,63],{"class":62},[52,84744,3063],{"class":66},[52,84746,71],{"class":70},[52,84748,86],{"class":74},[52,84750,71],{"class":70},[52,84752,80],{"class":66},[52,84754,83],{"class":70},[52,84756,57204],{"class":74},[52,84758,71],{"class":70},[52,84760,80],{"class":66},[52,84762,83],{"class":70},[52,84764,95],{"class":74},[52,84766,71],{"class":70},[52,84768,3076],{"class":66},[52,84770,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84772,135],{"class":134},[52,84774,138],{"class":66},[52,84776,84091],{"class":134},[52,84778,138],{"class":66},[52,84780,3556],{"class":117},[52,84782,1222],{"class":66},[20,84784,1509],{},[43,84786,84788],{"className":45,"code":84787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\n",[15,84789,84790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84791,84792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84793,84787],{"class":58},[20,84795,84796],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84798,84799,84800,114],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[221,84801,84802,5230],{"href":73953},[15,84803,73856],{},[38,84805,1185,84807,84809],{"id":84806},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84808,83666],{}," with a key function",[20,84811,1418,84812,84814],{},[15,84813,14281],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84816,10900],{},[163,84818,84819,84824,84829],{},[166,84820,84821,84823],{},[15,84822,14281],{}," changes the comparison rule",[166,84825,84826,84828],{},[15,84827,83666],{}," still returns the original item",[166,84830,84831],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[699,84833,84835],{"id":84834},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[43,84837,84839],{"className":45,"code":84838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84840,84841,84874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84842,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861,84863,84865,84867,84870,84872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84844,3515],{"class":58},[52,84846,63],{"class":62},[52,84848,3063],{"class":66},[52,84850,71],{"class":70},[52,84852,67762],{"class":74},[52,84854,71],{"class":70},[52,84856,80],{"class":66},[52,84858,83],{"class":70},[52,84860,488],{"class":74},[52,84862,71],{"class":70},[52,84864,80],{"class":66},[52,84866,83],{"class":70},[52,84868,84869],{"class":74},"giraffe",[52,84871,71],{"class":70},[52,84873,3076],{"class":66},[52,84875,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892,84894],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84877,135],{"class":134},[52,84879,138],{"class":66},[52,84881,84091],{"class":134},[52,84883,138],{"class":66},[52,84885,3556],{"class":117},[52,84887,80],{"class":66},[52,84889,21019],{"class":8623},[52,84891,63],{"class":62},[52,84893,1215],{"class":134},[52,84895,1222],{"class":66},[20,84897,1509],{},[43,84899,84901],{"className":45,"code":84900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat\n",[15,84902,84903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84904,84905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84906,84900],{"class":58},[699,84908,84910],{"id":84909},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[43,84912,84914],{"className":45,"code":84913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84915,84916,84926,84961,84993,85025,85029,85033,85072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84917,84918,84921,84923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84919,84920],{"class":58},"students ",[52,84922,63],{"class":62},[52,84924,84925],{"class":66}," [\n",[52,84927,84928,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84952,84954,84956,84958],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,84929,84930],{"class":66},"    {",[52,84932,71],{"class":70},[52,84934,7115],{"class":74},[52,84936,71],{"class":70},[52,84938,202],{"class":66},[52,84940,83],{"class":70},[52,84942,12323],{"class":74},[52,84944,71],{"class":70},[52,84946,80],{"class":66},[52,84948,83],{"class":70},[52,84950,84951],{"class":74},"score",[52,84953,71],{"class":70},[52,84955,202],{"class":66},[52,84957,12946],{"class":947},[52,84959,84960],{"class":66},"},\n",[52,84962,84963,84965,84967,84969,84971,84973,84975,84977,84979,84981,84983,84985,84987,84989,84991],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,84964,84930],{"class":66},[52,84966,71],{"class":70},[52,84968,7115],{"class":74},[52,84970,71],{"class":70},[52,84972,202],{"class":66},[52,84974,83],{"class":70},[52,84976,35374],{"class":74},[52,84978,71],{"class":70},[52,84980,80],{"class":66},[52,84982,83],{"class":70},[52,84984,84951],{"class":74},[52,84986,71],{"class":70},[52,84988,202],{"class":66},[52,84990,84552],{"class":947},[52,84992,84960],{"class":66},[52,84994,84995,84997,84999,85001,85003,85005,85007,85009,85011,85013,85015,85017,85019,85021,85023],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,84996,84930],{"class":66},[52,84998,71],{"class":70},[52,85000,7115],{"class":74},[52,85002,71],{"class":70},[52,85004,202],{"class":66},[52,85006,83],{"class":70},[52,85008,35383],{"class":74},[52,85010,71],{"class":70},[52,85012,80],{"class":66},[52,85014,83],{"class":70},[52,85016,84951],{"class":74},[52,85018,71],{"class":70},[52,85020,202],{"class":66},[52,85022,19337],{"class":947},[52,85024,100],{"class":66},[52,85026,85027],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,85028,3076],{"class":66},[52,85030,85031],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,85032,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,85034,85035,85038,85040,85043,85045,85048,85050,85052,85054,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,85036,85037],{"class":58},"lowest ",[52,85039,63],{"class":62},[52,85041,85042],{"class":134}," min",[52,85044,138],{"class":66},[52,85046,85047],{"class":117},"students",[52,85049,80],{"class":66},[52,85051,21019],{"class":8623},[52,85053,63],{"class":62},[52,85055,37092],{"class":1503},[52,85057,12349],{"class":37095},[52,85059,202],{"class":66},[52,85061,12349],{"class":117},[52,85063,3344],{"class":66},[52,85065,71],{"class":70},[52,85067,84951],{"class":74},[52,85069,71],{"class":70},[52,85071,3332],{"class":66},[52,85073,85074,85076,85078,85081],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,85075,135],{"class":134},[52,85077,138],{"class":66},[52,85079,85080],{"class":117},"lowest",[52,85082,144],{"class":66},[20,85084,1509],{},[43,85086,85088],{"className":45,"code":85087,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85089,85090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85091,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114,85116,85118,85120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85093,8726],{"class":66},[52,85095,608],{"class":70},[52,85097,7115],{"class":74},[52,85099,608],{"class":70},[52,85101,202],{"class":66},[52,85103,617],{"class":70},[52,85105,35374],{"class":74},[52,85107,608],{"class":70},[52,85109,80],{"class":66},[52,85111,617],{"class":70},[52,85113,84951],{"class":74},[52,85115,608],{"class":70},[52,85117,202],{"class":66},[52,85119,84552],{"class":947},[52,85121,100],{"class":66},[20,85123,85124,85125,85128],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85126,85127],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[38,85130,1185,85132,85134],{"id":85131},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85133,82368],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85136,85137],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[43,85139,85141],{"className":45,"code":85140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85142,85143,85151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85144,85145,85147,85149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85146,940],{"class":58},[52,85148,63],{"class":62},[52,85150,7285],{"class":66},[52,85152,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85154,135],{"class":134},[52,85156,138],{"class":66},[52,85158,84091],{"class":134},[52,85160,138],{"class":66},[52,85162,1037],{"class":117},[52,85164,1222],{"class":66},[20,85166,1509],{},[43,85168,85170],{"className":45,"code":85169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85171,85172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85173,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182,85184,85186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85175,40137],{"class":600},[52,85177,202],{"class":66},[52,85179,85042],{"class":134},[52,85181,6812],{"class":66},[52,85183,83337],{"class":58},[52,85185,11637],{"class":62},[52,85187,83342],{"class":58},[20,85189,85190,85191,202],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85192,82368],{},[43,85194,85196],{"className":45,"code":85195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85197,85198,85206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85199,85200,85202,85204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85201,940],{"class":58},[52,85203,63],{"class":62},[52,85205,7285],{"class":66},[52,85207,85208,85210,85212,85214,85216,85218,85220,85222,85224,85226],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85209,135],{"class":134},[52,85211,138],{"class":66},[52,85213,84091],{"class":134},[52,85215,138],{"class":66},[52,85217,1037],{"class":117},[52,85219,80],{"class":66},[52,85221,25962],{"class":8623},[52,85223,63],{"class":62},[52,85225,3220],{"class":3295},[52,85227,1222],{"class":66},[20,85229,1509],{},[43,85231,85232],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85233,85234],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85235,85236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85237,11251],{"class":3295},[20,85239,85240],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85242,85243],{},"Remember:",[163,85245,85246,85254],{},[166,85247,85248,85250,85251,85253],{},[15,85249,82368],{}," works only when ",[15,85252,83666],{}," gets one iterable argument",[166,85255,85256,85257],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85258,85259],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85261,85262,85263,114],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[221,85264,65275],{"href":72310},[38,85266,10189],{"id":10188},[20,85268,56211,85269,114],{},[15,85270,83666],{},[699,85272,85274,85275],{"id":85273},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85276,82368],{},[20,85278,2440,85279,202],{},[15,85280,40137],{},[43,85282,85284],{"className":45,"code":85283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85285,85286,85294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85287,85288,85290,85292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85289,59],{"class":58},[52,85291,63],{"class":62},[52,85293,7285],{"class":66},[52,85295,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304,85306],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85297,135],{"class":134},[52,85299,138],{"class":66},[52,85301,84091],{"class":134},[52,85303,138],{"class":66},[52,85305,154],{"class":117},[52,85307,1222],{"class":66},[20,85309,85310],{},"Fix it by:",[163,85312,85313,85316],{},[166,85314,85315],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[166,85317,85318,85319],{},"or using ",[15,85320,82368],{},[43,85322,85324],{"className":45,"code":85323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85325,85326,85334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85327,85328,85330,85332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85329,59],{"class":58},[52,85331,63],{"class":62},[52,85333,7285],{"class":66},[52,85335,85336,85338,85340,85342,85344,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85357,85359],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85337,135],{"class":134},[52,85339,138],{"class":66},[52,85341,84091],{"class":134},[52,85343,138],{"class":66},[52,85345,154],{"class":117},[52,85347,80],{"class":66},[52,85349,25962],{"class":8623},[52,85351,63],{"class":62},[52,85353,71],{"class":70},[52,85355,85356],{"class":74},"no items",[52,85358,71],{"class":70},[52,85360,1222],{"class":66},[699,85362,85364],{"id":85363},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85366,85367],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[43,85369,85371],{"className":45,"code":85370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85372,85373,85397],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85374,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85376,8613],{"class":58},[52,85378,63],{"class":62},[52,85380,3063],{"class":66},[52,85382,1770],{"class":947},[52,85384,80],{"class":66},[52,85386,83],{"class":70},[52,85388,15193],{"class":74},[52,85390,71],{"class":70},[52,85392,80],{"class":66},[52,85394,4048],{"class":947},[52,85396,3076],{"class":66},[52,85398,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85400,135],{"class":134},[52,85402,138],{"class":66},[52,85404,84091],{"class":134},[52,85406,138],{"class":66},[52,85408,8652],{"class":117},[52,85410,1222],{"class":66},[20,85412,1509],{},[43,85414,85416],{"className":45,"code":85415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError\n",[15,85417,85418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85419,85420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85421,85415],{"class":600},[20,85423,85424],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85426,85427,85428,114],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85429,83666],{},[43,85431,85433],{"className":45,"code":85432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85434,85435,85459,85485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85436,85437,85439,85441,85443,85445,85447,85449,85451,85453,85455,85457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85438,8613],{"class":58},[52,85440,63],{"class":62},[52,85442,3063],{"class":66},[52,85444,1770],{"class":947},[52,85446,80],{"class":66},[52,85448,83],{"class":70},[52,85450,15193],{"class":74},[52,85452,71],{"class":70},[52,85454,80],{"class":66},[52,85456,4048],{"class":947},[52,85458,3076],{"class":66},[52,85460,85461,85463,85465,85467,85469,85471,85473,85475,85477,85479,85481,85483],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85462,940],{"class":58},[52,85464,63],{"class":62},[52,85466,3063],{"class":66},[52,85468,1626],{"class":600},[52,85470,138],{"class":66},[52,85472,1611],{"class":117},[52,85474,3102],{"class":66},[52,85476,3320],{"class":731},[52,85478,3323],{"class":58},[52,85480,3326],{"class":731},[52,85482,14006],{"class":58},[52,85484,3076],{"class":66},[52,85486,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,85488,135],{"class":134},[52,85490,138],{"class":66},[52,85492,84091],{"class":134},[52,85494,138],{"class":66},[52,85496,1037],{"class":117},[52,85498,1222],{"class":66},[20,85500,1509],{},[43,85502,85503],{"className":45,"code":2385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85504,85505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85506,85507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85508,2385],{"class":947},[20,85510,85511,85512,114],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85513,2443],{},[699,85515,85517],{"id":85516},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85519,85520],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[43,85522,85524],{"className":45,"code":85523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85525,85526,85558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85527,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554,85556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85529,3515],{"class":58},[52,85531,63],{"class":62},[52,85533,3063],{"class":66},[52,85535,71],{"class":70},[52,85537,78992],{"class":74},[52,85539,71],{"class":70},[52,85541,80],{"class":66},[52,85543,83],{"class":70},[52,85545,57204],{"class":74},[52,85547,71],{"class":70},[52,85549,80],{"class":66},[52,85551,83],{"class":70},[52,85553,79009],{"class":74},[52,85555,71],{"class":70},[52,85557,3076],{"class":66},[52,85559,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85561,135],{"class":134},[52,85563,138],{"class":66},[52,85565,84091],{"class":134},[52,85567,138],{"class":66},[52,85569,3556],{"class":117},[52,85571,1222],{"class":66},[20,85573,1509],{},[43,85575,85576],{"className":45,"code":84787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85577,85578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85579,85580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85581,84787],{"class":58},[20,85583,85584],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[43,85586,85588],{"className":45,"code":85587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85589,85590,85622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85591,85592,85594,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616,85618,85620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85593,3515],{"class":58},[52,85595,63],{"class":62},[52,85597,3063],{"class":66},[52,85599,71],{"class":70},[52,85601,78992],{"class":74},[52,85603,71],{"class":70},[52,85605,80],{"class":66},[52,85607,83],{"class":70},[52,85609,57204],{"class":74},[52,85611,71],{"class":70},[52,85613,80],{"class":66},[52,85615,83],{"class":70},[52,85617,79009],{"class":74},[52,85619,71],{"class":70},[52,85621,3076],{"class":66},[52,85623,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642,85644,85646],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85625,135],{"class":134},[52,85627,138],{"class":66},[52,85629,84091],{"class":134},[52,85631,138],{"class":66},[52,85633,3556],{"class":117},[52,85635,80],{"class":66},[52,85637,21019],{"class":8623},[52,85639,63],{"class":62},[52,85641,2882],{"class":600},[52,85643,114],{"class":66},[52,85645,8087],{"class":24190},[52,85647,1222],{"class":66},[20,85649,1509],{},[43,85651,85652],{"className":45,"code":84787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85653,85654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85655,85656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85657,84787],{"class":58},[20,85659,85660],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[38,85662,894,85664],{"id":85663},"when-to-use-min",[15,85665,83666],{},[20,85667,799,85668,916],{},[15,85669,83666],{},[163,85671,85672,85675,85680],{},[166,85673,85674],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[166,85676,85677,85678],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85679,14281],{},[166,85681,85682],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85684,799,85685,85689],{},[221,85686,85687],{"href":73953},[15,85688,73856],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85691,799,85692,85697],{},[221,85693,85695],{"href":85694},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85696,82013],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[38,85699,1158],{"id":1157},[20,85701,83671],{},[163,85703,85704,85712,85715,85720,85727],{},[166,85705,85706,85707,85709,85710],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85708,83666],{}," without using ",[15,85711,82368],{},[166,85713,85714],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[166,85716,1174,85717,85719],{},[15,85718,83666],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[166,85721,4147,85722,85724,85725,84828],{},[15,85723,14281],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85726,83666],{},[166,85728,1185,85729,85731],{},[15,85730,82368],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85733,85734,85735,85737],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85736,83666],{},", these quick checks can help:",[43,85739,85741],{"className":45,"code":85740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85742,85743,85757,85767,85781,85795,85817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85744,85745,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85746,135],{"class":134},[52,85748,138],{"class":66},[52,85750,1231],{"class":600},[52,85752,138],{"class":66},[52,85754,8652],{"class":117},[52,85756,1222],{"class":66},[52,85758,85759,85761,85763,85765],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,85760,135],{"class":134},[52,85762,138],{"class":66},[52,85764,8652],{"class":117},[52,85766,144],{"class":66},[52,85768,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,85770,135],{"class":134},[52,85772,138],{"class":66},[52,85774,1215],{"class":134},[52,85776,138],{"class":66},[52,85778,8652],{"class":117},[52,85780,1222],{"class":66},[52,85782,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,85784,135],{"class":134},[52,85786,138],{"class":66},[52,85788,84091],{"class":134},[52,85790,138],{"class":66},[52,85792,8652],{"class":117},[52,85794,1222],{"class":66},[52,85796,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805,85807,85809,85811,85813,85815],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,85798,135],{"class":134},[52,85800,138],{"class":66},[52,85802,84091],{"class":134},[52,85804,138],{"class":66},[52,85806,8652],{"class":117},[52,85808,80],{"class":66},[52,85810,25962],{"class":8623},[52,85812,63],{"class":62},[52,85814,3220],{"class":3295},[52,85816,1222],{"class":66},[52,85818,85819,85821,85823,85825,85827,85829,85831,85833,85835,85837],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,85820,135],{"class":134},[52,85822,138],{"class":66},[52,85824,84091],{"class":134},[52,85826,138],{"class":66},[52,85828,3556],{"class":117},[52,85830,80],{"class":66},[52,85832,21019],{"class":8623},[52,85834,63],{"class":62},[52,85836,1215],{"class":134},[52,85838,1222],{"class":66},[20,85840,85841,85842,85845,85846,85848],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85843,85844],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85847,8652],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[38,85850,1273],{"id":1272},[699,85852,4586,85854,4589],{"id":85853},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85855,83666],{},[20,85857,85858],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[699,85860,4614,85862,83847],{"id":85861},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85863,83666],{},[20,85865,85866],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[699,85868,71079],{"id":71078},[20,85870,85871,51932,85873,83859,85875,36054],{},[15,85872,83666],{},[15,85874,40137],{},[15,85876,82368],{},[699,85878,4586,85880,85882,85883,1293],{"id":85879},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85881,14281],{}," do in ",[15,85884,83666],{},[20,85886,85887,85889,85890,85892],{},[15,85888,14281],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85891,82921],{}," compares strings by length.",[699,85894,4624,85896,803,85898,1293],{"id":85895},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85897,83666],{},[15,85899,73856],{},[20,85901,85902,85904,85905,85907],{},[15,85903,83666],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85906,73856],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[38,85909,1332],{"id":1331},[163,85911,85912,85918,85924,85930,85934,85938],{},[166,85913,85914],{},[221,85915,85916,2948],{"href":85694},[15,85917,82013],{},[166,85919,85920],{},[221,85921,85922,2948],{"href":73953},[15,85923,73856],{},[166,85925,85926],{},[221,85927,85928,2948],{"href":41792},[15,85929,41795],{},[166,85931,85932],{},[221,85933,79305],{"href":77808},[166,85935,85936],{},[221,85937,58391],{"href":58390},[166,85939,85940],{},[221,85941,65275],{"href":72310},[1364,85943,85944],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":85946},[85947,85948,85950,85956,85958,85960,85965,85967,85973,85975,85976,85987],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":84150,"depth":103,"text":85949},"What min() does",{"id":84171,"depth":103,"text":84172,"children":85951},[85952,85953,85954,85955],{"id":84256,"depth":124,"text":84259},{"id":84318,"depth":124,"text":84321},{"id":84368,"depth":124,"text":84371},{"id":84462,"depth":124,"text":84465},{"id":84524,"depth":103,"text":85957},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84659,"depth":103,"text":85959},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84806,"depth":103,"text":85961,"children":85962},"Using min() with a key function",[85963,85964],{"id":84834,"depth":124,"text":84835},{"id":84909,"depth":124,"text":84910},{"id":85131,"depth":103,"text":85966},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10188,"depth":103,"text":10189,"children":85968},[85969,85971,85972],{"id":85273,"depth":124,"text":85970},"Empty list without default",{"id":85363,"depth":124,"text":85364},{"id":85516,"depth":124,"text":85517},{"id":85663,"depth":103,"text":85974},"When to use min()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":85977},[85978,85980,85982,85983,85985],{"id":85853,"depth":124,"text":85979},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85861,"depth":124,"text":85981},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71078,"depth":124,"text":71079},{"id":85879,"depth":124,"text":85984},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85895,"depth":124,"text":85986},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84033,"description":85988},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85995,"title":85996,"body":85997,"description":88176,"extension":1401,"meta":88177,"navigation":127,"path":88178,"seo":88179,"stem":88180,"__hash__":88181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85998,"toc":88140},[85999,86002,86008,86014,86016,86097,86106,86110,86115,86117,86162,86164,86244,86250,86252,86255,86287,86289,86307,86309,86382,86384,86403,86407,86410,86446,86448,86515,86589,86662,86667,86671,86677,86680,86697,86700,86702,86763,86765,86785,86791,86795,86798,86868,86871,86890,86895,86971,86974,86978,86984,86988,86993,87063,87067,87072,87146,87150,87153,87228,87239,87243,87248,87338,87343,87411,87414,87433,87444,87448,87451,87456,87459,87521,87524,87535,87540,87543,87546,87551,87554,87557,87561,87564,87570,87573,87584,87586,87648,87663,87669,87672,87675,87686,87697,87703,87706,87708,87770,87780,87786,87791,87797,87801,87807,87810,87831,87833,87838,87865,87868,87895,87898,87937,87940,87978,87981,88042,88045,88047,88051,88054,88058,88064,88072,88080,88084,88087,88091,88097,88099,88137],[10,86000,85996],{"id":86001},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86003,86004,86007],{},[15,86005,86006],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86009,86010,86011,86013],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86012,86006],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[38,86015,41],{"id":40},[43,86017,86019],{"className":45,"code":86018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86020,86021,86070,86086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86022,86023,86026,86029,86031,86033,86036,86038,86040,86042,86044,86046,86048,86051,86053,86055,86058,86060,86062,86064,86068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86024,86025],{"class":731},"with",[52,86027,86028],{"class":134}," open",[52,86030,138],{"class":66},[52,86032,71],{"class":70},[52,86034,86035],{"class":74},"example.txt",[52,86037,71],{"class":70},[52,86039,80],{"class":66},[52,86041,83],{"class":70},[52,86043,59941],{"class":74},[52,86045,71],{"class":70},[52,86047,80],{"class":66},[52,86049,86050],{"class":8623}," encoding",[52,86052,63],{"class":62},[52,86054,71],{"class":70},[52,86056,86057],{"class":74},"utf-8",[52,86059,71],{"class":70},[52,86061,3102],{"class":66},[52,86063,46793],{"class":731},[52,86065,86067],{"class":86066},"sMMDD"," file",[52,86069,737],{"class":66},[52,86071,86072,86075,86077,86079,86081,86084],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86073,86074],{"class":58},"    content ",[52,86076,63],{"class":62},[52,86078,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86080,114],{"class":66},[52,86082,86083],{"class":117},"read",[52,86085,121],{"class":66},[52,86087,86088,86090,86092,86095],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86089,757],{"class":134},[52,86091,138],{"class":66},[52,86093,86094],{"class":117},"content",[52,86096,144],{"class":66},[20,86098,799,86099,86101,86102,86105],{},[15,86100,86025],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86103,86104],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[38,86107,86109],{"id":86108},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86111,86112,86114],{},[15,86113,86006],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86116,10900],{},[163,86118,86119,86122,86127,86132],{},[166,86120,86121],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[166,86123,40339,86124,86126],{},[30,86125,32],{}," read or write anything by itself",[166,86128,16862,86129],{},[30,86130,86131],{},"file object",[166,86133,86134,86135],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[163,86136,86137,86142,86147,86152,86157],{},[166,86138,86139],{},[15,86140,86141],{},"read()",[166,86143,86144],{},[15,86145,86146],{},"readline()",[166,86148,86149],{},[15,86150,86151],{},"readlines()",[166,86153,86154],{},[15,86155,86156],{},"write()",[166,86158,86159],{},[15,86160,86161],{},"close()",[20,86163,267],{},[43,86165,86167],{"className":45,"code":86166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86168,86169,86208,86223,86233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86170,86171,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86200,86202,86204,86206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86172,86173],{"class":86066},"file",[52,86175,12715],{"class":62},[52,86177,86028],{"class":134},[52,86179,138],{"class":66},[52,86181,71],{"class":70},[52,86183,86035],{"class":74},[52,86185,71],{"class":70},[52,86187,80],{"class":66},[52,86189,83],{"class":70},[52,86191,59941],{"class":74},[52,86193,71],{"class":70},[52,86195,80],{"class":66},[52,86197,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86199,63],{"class":62},[52,86201,71],{"class":70},[52,86203,86057],{"class":74},[52,86205,71],{"class":70},[52,86207,144],{"class":66},[52,86209,86210,86213,86215,86217,86219,86221],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86211,86212],{"class":58},"content ",[52,86214,63],{"class":62},[52,86216,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86218,114],{"class":66},[52,86220,86083],{"class":117},[52,86222,121],{"class":66},[52,86224,86225,86227,86229,86231],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86226,135],{"class":134},[52,86228,138],{"class":66},[52,86230,86094],{"class":117},[52,86232,144],{"class":66},[52,86234,86235,86237,86239,86242],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,86236,86173],{"class":86066},[52,86238,114],{"class":66},[52,86240,86241],{"class":117},"close",[52,86243,121],{"class":66},[20,86245,86246,86247,86249],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86248,86025],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[38,86251,228],{"id":227},[20,86253,86254],{},"A common form is:",[43,86256,86258],{"className":45,"code":86257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86259,86260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86261,86262,86264,86266,86268,86270,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283,86285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86263,41861],{"class":134},[52,86265,138],{"class":66},[52,86267,86173],{"class":86066},[52,86269,80],{"class":66},[52,86271,86272],{"class":117}," mode",[52,86274,80],{"class":66},[52,86276,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86278,63],{"class":62},[52,86280,71],{"class":70},[52,86282,86057],{"class":74},[52,86284,71],{"class":70},[52,86286,144],{"class":66},[20,86288,64481],{},[163,86290,86291,86296,86301],{},[166,86292,86293,86295],{},[15,86294,86173],{}," is the file name or file path",[166,86297,86298,86300],{},[15,86299,20358],{}," controls how the file is opened",[166,86302,86303,86306],{},[15,86304,86305],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86308,267],{},[43,86310,86312],{"className":45,"code":86311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86313,86314,86357,86372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86315,86316,86318,86320,86322,86324,86327,86329,86331,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86317,86025],{"class":731},[52,86319,86028],{"class":134},[52,86321,138],{"class":66},[52,86323,71],{"class":70},[52,86325,86326],{"class":74},"notes.txt",[52,86328,71],{"class":70},[52,86330,80],{"class":66},[52,86332,83],{"class":70},[52,86334,59941],{"class":74},[52,86336,71],{"class":70},[52,86338,80],{"class":66},[52,86340,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86342,63],{"class":62},[52,86344,71],{"class":70},[52,86346,86057],{"class":74},[52,86348,71],{"class":70},[52,86350,3102],{"class":66},[52,86352,46793],{"class":731},[52,86354,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86356,737],{"class":66},[52,86358,86359,86362,86364,86366,86368,86370],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86360,86361],{"class":58},"    text ",[52,86363,63],{"class":62},[52,86365,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86367,114],{"class":66},[52,86369,86083],{"class":117},[52,86371,121],{"class":66},[52,86373,86374,86376,86378,86380],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86375,757],{"class":134},[52,86377,138],{"class":66},[52,86379,34141],{"class":117},[52,86381,144],{"class":66},[20,86383,19396],{},[163,86385,86386,86392,86397],{},[166,86387,86388,86391],{},[15,86389,86390],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[166,86393,86394,86396],{},[15,86395,86104],{}," means open for reading",[166,86398,86399,86402],{},[15,86400,86401],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[38,86404,86406],{"id":86405},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86408,86409],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[163,86411,86412,86417,86423,86428,86434,86440],{},[166,86413,86414,86416],{},[15,86415,86104],{}," = read a text file",[166,86418,86419,86422],{},[15,86420,86421],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[166,86424,86425,86427],{},[15,86426,17535],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[166,86429,86430,86433],{},[15,86431,86432],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[166,86435,86436,86439],{},[15,86437,86438],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[166,86441,86442,86445],{},[15,86443,86444],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86447,1564],{},[43,86449,86451],{"className":45,"code":86450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86452,86453,86458,86501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86454,86455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86456,86457],{"class":3105},"# Read a text file\n",[52,86459,86460,86462,86464,86466,86468,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493,86495,86497,86499],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86461,86025],{"class":731},[52,86463,86028],{"class":134},[52,86465,138],{"class":66},[52,86467,71],{"class":70},[52,86469,86470],{"class":74},"data.txt",[52,86472,71],{"class":70},[52,86474,80],{"class":66},[52,86476,83],{"class":70},[52,86478,59941],{"class":74},[52,86480,71],{"class":70},[52,86482,80],{"class":66},[52,86484,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86486,63],{"class":62},[52,86488,71],{"class":70},[52,86490,86057],{"class":74},[52,86492,71],{"class":70},[52,86494,3102],{"class":66},[52,86496,46793],{"class":731},[52,86498,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86500,737],{"class":66},[52,86502,86503,86505,86507,86509,86511,86513],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86504,757],{"class":134},[52,86506,138],{"class":66},[52,86508,86173],{"class":86066},[52,86510,114],{"class":66},[52,86512,86083],{"class":117},[52,86514,6640],{"class":66},[43,86516,86518],{"className":45,"code":86517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86519,86520,86525,86567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86521,86522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86523,86524],{"class":3105},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[52,86526,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86528,86025],{"class":731},[52,86530,86028],{"class":134},[52,86532,138],{"class":66},[52,86534,71],{"class":70},[52,86536,86470],{"class":74},[52,86538,71],{"class":70},[52,86540,80],{"class":66},[52,86542,83],{"class":70},[52,86544,59924],{"class":74},[52,86546,71],{"class":70},[52,86548,80],{"class":66},[52,86550,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86552,63],{"class":62},[52,86554,71],{"class":70},[52,86556,86057],{"class":74},[52,86558,71],{"class":70},[52,86560,3102],{"class":66},[52,86562,46793],{"class":731},[52,86564,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86566,737],{"class":66},[52,86568,86569,86572,86574,86576,86578,86580,86582,86585,86587],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86570,86571],{"class":86066},"    file",[52,86573,114],{"class":66},[52,86575,69629],{"class":117},[52,86577,138],{"class":66},[52,86579,71],{"class":70},[52,86581,34299],{"class":74},[52,86583,86584],{"class":33885},"\\n",[52,86586,71],{"class":70},[52,86588,144],{"class":66},[43,86590,86592],{"className":45,"code":86591,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86593,86594,86599,86641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86595,86596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86597,86598],{"class":3105},"# Append to a text file\n",[52,86600,86601,86603,86605,86607,86609,86611,86613,86615,86617,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86629,86631,86633,86635,86637,86639],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86602,86025],{"class":731},[52,86604,86028],{"class":134},[52,86606,138],{"class":66},[52,86608,71],{"class":70},[52,86610,86470],{"class":74},[52,86612,71],{"class":70},[52,86614,80],{"class":66},[52,86616,83],{"class":70},[52,86618,221],{"class":74},[52,86620,71],{"class":70},[52,86622,80],{"class":66},[52,86624,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86626,63],{"class":62},[52,86628,71],{"class":70},[52,86630,86057],{"class":74},[52,86632,71],{"class":70},[52,86634,3102],{"class":66},[52,86636,46793],{"class":731},[52,86638,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86640,737],{"class":66},[52,86642,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86656,86658,86660],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86644,86571],{"class":86066},[52,86646,114],{"class":66},[52,86648,69629],{"class":117},[52,86650,138],{"class":66},[52,86652,71],{"class":70},[52,86654,86655],{"class":74},"Another line",[52,86657,86584],{"class":33885},[52,86659,71],{"class":70},[52,86661,144],{"class":66},[20,86663,68783,86664,86666],{},[15,86665,86421],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[38,86668,86670],{"id":86669},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86672,86673,21415,86675,114],{},[15,86674,86006],{},[30,86676,86131],{},[20,86678,86679],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[163,86681,86682,86687,86692],{},[166,86683,86684],{},[15,86685,86686],{},"file.read()",[166,86688,86689],{},[15,86690,86691],{},"file.write()",[166,86693,86694],{},[15,86695,86696],{},"file.close()",[20,86698,86699],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86701,267],{},[43,86703,86705],{"className":45,"code":86704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86706,86707,86749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86708,86709,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86710,86025],{"class":731},[52,86712,86028],{"class":134},[52,86714,138],{"class":66},[52,86716,71],{"class":70},[52,86718,86035],{"class":74},[52,86720,71],{"class":70},[52,86722,80],{"class":66},[52,86724,83],{"class":70},[52,86726,59941],{"class":74},[52,86728,71],{"class":70},[52,86730,80],{"class":66},[52,86732,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86734,63],{"class":62},[52,86736,71],{"class":70},[52,86738,86057],{"class":74},[52,86740,71],{"class":70},[52,86742,3102],{"class":66},[52,86744,46793],{"class":731},[52,86746,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86748,737],{"class":66},[52,86750,86751,86753,86755,86757,86759,86761],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86752,757],{"class":134},[52,86754,138],{"class":66},[52,86756,1231],{"class":600},[52,86758,138],{"class":66},[52,86760,86173],{"class":86066},[52,86762,1222],{"class":66},[20,86764,577],{},[43,86766,86768],{"className":45,"code":86767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86769,86770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86771,86772,86774,86776,86778,86781,86783],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86773,2729],{"class":62},[52,86775,2732],{"class":1503},[52,86777,617],{"class":70},[52,86779,86780],{"class":74},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[52,86782,608],{"class":70},[52,86784,2741],{"class":62},[20,86786,86787,86788,86790],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86789,86006],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[38,86792,86794],{"id":86793},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86796,86797],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[43,86799,86800],{"className":45,"code":86018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86801,86802,86844,86858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86803,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86805,86025],{"class":731},[52,86807,86028],{"class":134},[52,86809,138],{"class":66},[52,86811,71],{"class":70},[52,86813,86035],{"class":74},[52,86815,71],{"class":70},[52,86817,80],{"class":66},[52,86819,83],{"class":70},[52,86821,59941],{"class":74},[52,86823,71],{"class":70},[52,86825,80],{"class":66},[52,86827,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86829,63],{"class":62},[52,86831,71],{"class":70},[52,86833,86057],{"class":74},[52,86835,71],{"class":70},[52,86837,3102],{"class":66},[52,86839,46793],{"class":731},[52,86841,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86843,737],{"class":66},[52,86845,86846,86848,86850,86852,86854,86856],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86847,86074],{"class":58},[52,86849,63],{"class":62},[52,86851,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86853,114],{"class":66},[52,86855,86083],{"class":117},[52,86857,121],{"class":66},[52,86859,86860,86862,86864,86866],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86861,757],{"class":134},[52,86863,138],{"class":66},[52,86865,86094],{"class":117},[52,86867,144],{"class":66},[20,86869,86870],{},"Why this is recommended:",[163,86872,86873,86878,86884,86887],{},[166,86874,86875,86877],{},[15,86876,86025],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[166,86879,86880,86881,86883],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86882,86161],{}," yourself",[166,86885,86886],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[166,86888,86889],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86891,83184,86892,86894],{},[15,86893,86025],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[43,86896,86897],{"className":45,"code":86166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86898,86899,86937,86951,86961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86900,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86902,86173],{"class":86066},[52,86904,12715],{"class":62},[52,86906,86028],{"class":134},[52,86908,138],{"class":66},[52,86910,71],{"class":70},[52,86912,86035],{"class":74},[52,86914,71],{"class":70},[52,86916,80],{"class":66},[52,86918,83],{"class":70},[52,86920,59941],{"class":74},[52,86922,71],{"class":70},[52,86924,80],{"class":66},[52,86926,86050],{"class":8623},[52,86928,63],{"class":62},[52,86930,71],{"class":70},[52,86932,86057],{"class":74},[52,86934,71],{"class":70},[52,86936,144],{"class":66},[52,86938,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,86940,86212],{"class":58},[52,86942,63],{"class":62},[52,86944,86067],{"class":86066},[52,86946,114],{"class":66},[52,86948,86083],{"class":117},[52,86950,121],{"class":66},[52,86952,86953,86955,86957,86959],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,86954,135],{"class":134},[52,86956,138],{"class":66},[52,86958,86094],{"class":117},[52,86960,144],{"class":66},[52,86962,86963,86965,86967,86969],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,86964,86173],{"class":86066},[52,86966,114],{"class":66},[52,86968,86241],{"class":117},[52,86970,121],{"class":66},[20,86972,86973],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[38,86975,86977],{"id":86976},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86979,86980,86981,86983],{},"Use mode ",[15,86982,86104],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[699,86985,86987],{"id":86986},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86989,86990,86992],{},[15,86991,86141],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[43,86994,86995],{"className":45,"code":86018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86996,86997,87039,87053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86998,86999,87001,87003,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87000,86025],{"class":731},[52,87002,86028],{"class":134},[52,87004,138],{"class":66},[52,87006,71],{"class":70},[52,87008,86035],{"class":74},[52,87010,71],{"class":70},[52,87012,80],{"class":66},[52,87014,83],{"class":70},[52,87016,59941],{"class":74},[52,87018,71],{"class":70},[52,87020,80],{"class":66},[52,87022,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87024,63],{"class":62},[52,87026,71],{"class":70},[52,87028,86057],{"class":74},[52,87030,71],{"class":70},[52,87032,3102],{"class":66},[52,87034,46793],{"class":731},[52,87036,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87038,737],{"class":66},[52,87040,87041,87043,87045,87047,87049,87051],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87042,86074],{"class":58},[52,87044,63],{"class":62},[52,87046,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87048,114],{"class":66},[52,87050,86083],{"class":117},[52,87052,121],{"class":66},[52,87054,87055,87057,87059,87061],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,87056,757],{"class":134},[52,87058,138],{"class":66},[52,87060,86094],{"class":117},[52,87062,144],{"class":66},[699,87064,87066],{"id":87065},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87068,87069,87071],{},[15,87070,86146],{}," reads one line at a time.",[43,87073,87075],{"className":45,"code":87074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87076,87077,87119,87135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87078,87079,87081,87083,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87080,86025],{"class":731},[52,87082,86028],{"class":134},[52,87084,138],{"class":66},[52,87086,71],{"class":70},[52,87088,86035],{"class":74},[52,87090,71],{"class":70},[52,87092,80],{"class":66},[52,87094,83],{"class":70},[52,87096,59941],{"class":74},[52,87098,71],{"class":70},[52,87100,80],{"class":66},[52,87102,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87104,63],{"class":62},[52,87106,71],{"class":70},[52,87108,86057],{"class":74},[52,87110,71],{"class":70},[52,87112,3102],{"class":66},[52,87114,46793],{"class":731},[52,87116,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87118,737],{"class":66},[52,87120,87121,87124,87126,87128,87130,87133],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87122,87123],{"class":58},"    first_line ",[52,87125,63],{"class":62},[52,87127,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87129,114],{"class":66},[52,87131,87132],{"class":117},"readline",[52,87134,121],{"class":66},[52,87136,87137,87139,87141,87144],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,87138,757],{"class":134},[52,87140,138],{"class":66},[52,87142,87143],{"class":117},"first_line",[52,87145,144],{"class":66},[699,87147,87149],{"id":87148},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87151,87152],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[43,87154,87156],{"className":45,"code":87155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87157,87158,87200,87214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87159,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196,87198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87161,86025],{"class":731},[52,87163,86028],{"class":134},[52,87165,138],{"class":66},[52,87167,71],{"class":70},[52,87169,86035],{"class":74},[52,87171,71],{"class":70},[52,87173,80],{"class":66},[52,87175,83],{"class":70},[52,87177,59941],{"class":74},[52,87179,71],{"class":70},[52,87181,80],{"class":66},[52,87183,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87185,63],{"class":62},[52,87187,71],{"class":70},[52,87189,86057],{"class":74},[52,87191,71],{"class":70},[52,87193,3102],{"class":66},[52,87195,46793],{"class":731},[52,87197,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87199,737],{"class":66},[52,87201,87202,87205,87208,87210,87212],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87203,87204],{"class":731},"    for",[52,87206,87207],{"class":58}," line ",[52,87209,3326],{"class":731},[52,87211,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87213,737],{"class":66},[52,87215,87216,87218,87220,87222,87224,87226],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,87217,46773],{"class":134},[52,87219,138],{"class":66},[52,87221,54],{"class":117},[52,87223,114],{"class":66},[52,87225,8081],{"class":117},[52,87227,6640],{"class":66},[20,87229,87230,87231,456,87235,114],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[221,87232,87234],{"href":87233},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[221,87236,87238],{"href":87237},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[38,87240,87242],{"id":87241},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87244,799,87245,87247],{},[15,87246,86421],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[43,87249,87251],{"className":45,"code":87250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87252,87253,87296,87317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87254,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87256,86025],{"class":731},[52,87258,86028],{"class":134},[52,87260,138],{"class":66},[52,87262,71],{"class":70},[52,87264,87265],{"class":74},"output.txt",[52,87267,71],{"class":70},[52,87269,80],{"class":66},[52,87271,83],{"class":70},[52,87273,59924],{"class":74},[52,87275,71],{"class":70},[52,87277,80],{"class":66},[52,87279,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87281,63],{"class":62},[52,87283,71],{"class":70},[52,87285,86057],{"class":74},[52,87287,71],{"class":70},[52,87289,3102],{"class":66},[52,87291,46793],{"class":731},[52,87293,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87295,737],{"class":66},[52,87297,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87311,87313,87315],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87299,86571],{"class":86066},[52,87301,114],{"class":66},[52,87303,69629],{"class":117},[52,87305,138],{"class":66},[52,87307,71],{"class":70},[52,87309,87310],{"class":74},"First line",[52,87312,86584],{"class":33885},[52,87314,71],{"class":70},[52,87316,144],{"class":66},[52,87318,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87332,87334,87336],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,87320,86571],{"class":86066},[52,87322,114],{"class":66},[52,87324,69629],{"class":117},[52,87326,138],{"class":66},[52,87328,71],{"class":70},[52,87330,87331],{"class":74},"Second line",[52,87333,86584],{"class":33885},[52,87335,71],{"class":70},[52,87337,144],{"class":66},[20,87339,799,87340,87342],{},[15,87341,17535],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[43,87344,87346],{"className":45,"code":87345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87347,87348,87390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87349,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382,87384,87386,87388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87351,86025],{"class":731},[52,87353,86028],{"class":134},[52,87355,138],{"class":66},[52,87357,71],{"class":70},[52,87359,87265],{"class":74},[52,87361,71],{"class":70},[52,87363,80],{"class":66},[52,87365,83],{"class":70},[52,87367,221],{"class":74},[52,87369,71],{"class":70},[52,87371,80],{"class":66},[52,87373,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87375,63],{"class":62},[52,87377,71],{"class":70},[52,87379,86057],{"class":74},[52,87381,71],{"class":70},[52,87383,3102],{"class":66},[52,87385,46793],{"class":731},[52,87387,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87389,737],{"class":66},[52,87391,87392,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87405,87407,87409],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87393,86571],{"class":86066},[52,87395,114],{"class":66},[52,87397,69629],{"class":117},[52,87399,138],{"class":66},[52,87401,71],{"class":70},[52,87403,87404],{"class":74},"Third line",[52,87406,86584],{"class":33885},[52,87408,71],{"class":70},[52,87410,144],{"class":66},[20,87412,87413],{},"Important detail:",[163,87415,87416,87421,87428],{},[166,87417,87418,87420],{},[15,87419,86156],{}," writes a string",[166,87422,87423,13493,87425,87427],{},[15,87424,86156],{},[30,87426,32],{}," add a newline for you",[166,87429,87430,87431,86883],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87432,86584],{},[20,87434,87435,87436,456,87440,114],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[221,87437,87439],{"href":87438},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[221,87441,87443],{"href":87442},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[38,87445,87447],{"id":87446},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87449,87450],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[699,87452,87454],{"id":87453},"encodingutf-8",[15,87455,86401],{},[20,87457,87458],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[43,87460,87462],{"className":45,"code":87461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87463,87464,87507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87465,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87477,87479,87481,87483,87485,87487,87489,87491,87493,87495,87497,87499,87501,87503,87505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87467,86025],{"class":731},[52,87469,86028],{"class":134},[52,87471,138],{"class":66},[52,87473,71],{"class":70},[52,87475,87476],{"class":74},"message.txt",[52,87478,71],{"class":70},[52,87480,80],{"class":66},[52,87482,83],{"class":70},[52,87484,59941],{"class":74},[52,87486,71],{"class":70},[52,87488,80],{"class":66},[52,87490,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87492,63],{"class":62},[52,87494,71],{"class":70},[52,87496,86057],{"class":74},[52,87498,71],{"class":70},[52,87500,3102],{"class":66},[52,87502,46793],{"class":731},[52,87504,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87506,737],{"class":66},[52,87508,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87510,757],{"class":134},[52,87512,138],{"class":66},[52,87514,86173],{"class":86066},[52,87516,114],{"class":66},[52,87518,86083],{"class":117},[52,87520,6640],{"class":66},[20,87522,87523],{},"Why it matters:",[163,87525,87526,87529,87532],{},[166,87527,87528],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[166,87530,87531],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[166,87533,87534],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[699,87536,87538],{"id":87537},"newline",[15,87539,87537],{},[20,87541,87542],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87544,87545],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[699,87547,87549],{"id":87548},"buffering",[15,87550,87548],{},[20,87552,87553],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87555,87556],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[38,87558,87560],{"id":87559},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87562,87563],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[699,87565,87567],{"id":87566},"filenotfounderror",[15,87568,87569],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87571,87572],{},"This happens when:",[163,87574,87575,87578,87581],{},[166,87576,87577],{},"the file does not exist",[166,87579,87580],{},"the path is wrong",[166,87582,87583],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87585,267],{},[43,87587,87589],{"className":45,"code":87588,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87590,87591,87634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87592,87593,87595,87597,87599,87601,87604,87606,87608,87610,87612,87614,87616,87618,87620,87622,87624,87626,87628,87630,87632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87594,86025],{"class":731},[52,87596,86028],{"class":134},[52,87598,138],{"class":66},[52,87600,71],{"class":70},[52,87602,87603],{"class":74},"missing.txt",[52,87605,71],{"class":70},[52,87607,80],{"class":66},[52,87609,83],{"class":70},[52,87611,59941],{"class":74},[52,87613,71],{"class":70},[52,87615,80],{"class":66},[52,87617,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87619,63],{"class":62},[52,87621,71],{"class":70},[52,87623,86057],{"class":74},[52,87625,71],{"class":70},[52,87627,3102],{"class":66},[52,87629,46793],{"class":731},[52,87631,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87633,737],{"class":66},[52,87635,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87637,757],{"class":134},[52,87639,138],{"class":66},[52,87641,86173],{"class":86066},[52,87643,114],{"class":66},[52,87645,86083],{"class":117},[52,87647,6640],{"class":66},[20,87649,87650,87651,803,87659,114],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[221,87652,87654,87655,87658],{"href":87653},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[52,87656,87657],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[221,87660,87662],{"href":87661},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[699,87664,87666],{"id":87665},"permissionerror",[15,87667,87668],{},"PermissionError",[20,87670,87671],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87673,87674],{},"Example causes:",[163,87676,87677,87680,87683],{},[166,87678,87679],{},"the file is protected",[166,87681,87682],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[166,87684,87685],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87687,87688,87689],{},"Related page: ",[221,87690,87692,87693,87696],{"href":87691},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[52,87694,87695],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[699,87698,87700],{"id":87699},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87701,87702],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87704,87705],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87707,267],{},[43,87709,87711],{"className":45,"code":87710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87712,87713,87756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87714,87715,87717,87719,87721,87723,87726,87728,87730,87732,87734,87736,87738,87740,87742,87744,87746,87748,87750,87752,87754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87716,86025],{"class":731},[52,87718,86028],{"class":134},[52,87720,138],{"class":66},[52,87722,71],{"class":70},[52,87724,87725],{"class":74},"my_folder",[52,87727,71],{"class":70},[52,87729,80],{"class":66},[52,87731,83],{"class":70},[52,87733,59941],{"class":74},[52,87735,71],{"class":70},[52,87737,80],{"class":66},[52,87739,86050],{"class":8623},[52,87741,63],{"class":62},[52,87743,71],{"class":70},[52,87745,86057],{"class":74},[52,87747,71],{"class":70},[52,87749,3102],{"class":66},[52,87751,46793],{"class":731},[52,87753,86067],{"class":86066},[52,87755,737],{"class":66},[52,87757,87758,87760,87762,87764,87766,87768],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87759,757],{"class":134},[52,87761,138],{"class":66},[52,87763,86173],{"class":86066},[52,87765,114],{"class":66},[52,87767,86083],{"class":117},[52,87769,6640],{"class":66},[20,87771,87688,87772],{},[221,87773,87775,87776,87779],{"href":87774},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[52,87777,87778],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[699,87781,87783],{"id":87782},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87784,87785],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87787,87788,87789,114],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87790,86006],{},[20,87792,87688,87793],{},[221,87794,87796],{"href":87795},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[38,87798,87800],{"id":87799},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87802,87803,87804,87806],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87805,86006],{}," function.",[20,87808,87809],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[163,87811,87812,87815,87818,87824],{},[166,87813,87814],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[166,87816,87817],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[166,87819,87820,87821,87823],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87822,86006],{}," itself",[166,87825,87826,87827],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[221,87828,87830],{"href":87829},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[38,87832,1158],{"id":1157},[20,87834,87835,87836,202],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87837,86006],{},[163,87839,87840,87845,87851,87856,87859,87862],{},[166,87841,1185,87842,87844],{},[15,87843,86104],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[166,87846,87847,87848,87850],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87849,86305],{}," for text files",[166,87852,1185,87853,87855],{},[15,87854,86421],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[166,87857,87858],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[166,87860,87861],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[166,87863,87864],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87866,87867],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[43,87869,87871],{"className":45,"code":87870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87872,87873,87880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87874,87875,87877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87876,34523],{"class":731},[52,87878,87879],{"class":58}," os\n",[52,87881,87882,87884,87886,87888,87890,87893],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87883,135],{"class":134},[52,87885,138],{"class":66},[52,87887,42060],{"class":117},[52,87889,114],{"class":66},[52,87891,87892],{"class":117},"getcwd",[52,87894,6640],{"class":66},[20,87896,87897],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[43,87899,87901],{"className":45,"code":87900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87902,87903,87909],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87904,87905,87907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87906,34523],{"class":731},[52,87908,87879],{"class":58},[52,87910,87911,87913,87915,87917,87919,87922,87924,87927,87929,87931,87933,87935],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87912,135],{"class":134},[52,87914,138],{"class":66},[52,87916,42060],{"class":117},[52,87918,114],{"class":66},[52,87920,87921],{"class":24190},"path",[52,87923,114],{"class":66},[52,87925,87926],{"class":117},"exists",[52,87928,138],{"class":66},[52,87930,71],{"class":70},[52,87932,86035],{"class":74},[52,87934,71],{"class":70},[52,87936,1222],{"class":66},[20,87938,87939],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[43,87941,87943],{"className":45,"code":87942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87944,87945,87951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87946,87947,87949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87948,34523],{"class":731},[52,87950,87879],{"class":58},[52,87952,87953,87955,87957,87959,87961,87963,87965,87968,87970,87972,87974,87976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,87954,135],{"class":134},[52,87956,138],{"class":66},[52,87958,42060],{"class":117},[52,87960,114],{"class":66},[52,87962,87921],{"class":24190},[52,87964,114],{"class":66},[52,87966,87967],{"class":117},"isfile",[52,87969,138],{"class":66},[52,87971,71],{"class":70},[52,87973,86035],{"class":74},[52,87975,71],{"class":70},[52,87977,1222],{"class":66},[20,87979,87980],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[43,87982,87984],{"className":45,"code":87983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87985,87986,88028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87987,87988,87990,87992,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87989,86025],{"class":731},[52,87991,86028],{"class":134},[52,87993,138],{"class":66},[52,87995,71],{"class":70},[52,87997,86035],{"class":74},[52,87999,71],{"class":70},[52,88001,80],{"class":66},[52,88003,83],{"class":70},[52,88005,59941],{"class":74},[52,88007,71],{"class":70},[52,88009,80],{"class":66},[52,88011,86050],{"class":8623},[52,88013,63],{"class":62},[52,88015,71],{"class":70},[52,88017,86057],{"class":74},[52,88019,71],{"class":70},[52,88021,3102],{"class":66},[52,88023,46793],{"class":731},[52,88025,86067],{"class":86066},[52,88027,737],{"class":66},[52,88029,88030,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88031,757],{"class":134},[52,88033,138],{"class":66},[52,88035,86173],{"class":86066},[52,88037,114],{"class":66},[52,88039,86083],{"class":117},[52,88041,6640],{"class":66},[20,88043,88044],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[38,88046,1273],{"id":1272},[699,88048,88050],{"id":88049},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88052,88053],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[699,88055,88057],{"id":88056},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88059,88060,88061,88063],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88062,86025],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[699,88065,4624,88067,803,88069,88071],{"id":88066},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88068,86421],{},[15,88070,17535],{}," mode?",[20,88073,88074,88076,88077,88079],{},[15,88075,86421],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88078,17535],{}," adds new content to the end.",[699,88081,88083],{"id":88082},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88085,88086],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[699,88088,88090],{"id":88089},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88092,88093,88094,88096],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88095,86401],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[38,88098,1332],{"id":1331},[163,88100,88101,88105,88109,88113,88117,88121,88125,88131],{},[166,88102,88103],{},[221,88104,87234],{"href":87233},[166,88106,88107],{},[221,88108,87439],{"href":87438},[166,88110,88111],{},[221,88112,87443],{"href":87442},[166,88114,88115],{},[221,88116,87238],{"href":87237},[166,88118,88119],{},[221,88120,87830],{"href":87829},[166,88122,88123],{},[221,88124,87662],{"href":87661},[166,88126,88127],{},[221,88128,87654,88129,87658],{"href":87653},[52,88130,87657],{},[166,88132,88133],{},[221,88134,87692,88135,87696],{"href":87691},[52,88136,87695],{},[1364,88138,88139],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":88141},[88142,88143,88144,88145,88146,88147,88148,88153,88154,88159,88165,88166,88167,88175],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":86108,"depth":103,"text":86109},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":86405,"depth":103,"text":86406},{"id":86669,"depth":103,"text":86670},{"id":86793,"depth":103,"text":86794},{"id":86976,"depth":103,"text":86977,"children":88149},[88150,88151,88152],{"id":86986,"depth":124,"text":86987},{"id":87065,"depth":124,"text":87066},{"id":87148,"depth":124,"text":87149},{"id":87241,"depth":103,"text":87242},{"id":87446,"depth":103,"text":87447,"children":88155},[88156,88157,88158],{"id":87453,"depth":124,"text":86401},{"id":87537,"depth":124,"text":87537},{"id":87548,"depth":124,"text":87548},{"id":87559,"depth":103,"text":87560,"children":88160},[88161,88162,88163,88164],{"id":87566,"depth":124,"text":87569},{"id":87665,"depth":124,"text":87668},{"id":87699,"depth":124,"text":87702},{"id":87782,"depth":124,"text":87785},{"id":87799,"depth":103,"text":87800},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":88168},[88169,88170,88171,88173,88174],{"id":88049,"depth":124,"text":88050},{"id":88056,"depth":124,"text":88057},{"id":88066,"depth":124,"text":88172},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88082,"depth":124,"text":88083},{"id":88089,"depth":124,"text":88090},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85996,"description":88176},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88183,"title":88184,"body":88185,"description":90179,"extension":1401,"meta":90180,"navigation":127,"path":90181,"seo":90182,"stem":90183,"__hash__":90184},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88186,"toc":90126},[88187,88192,88197,88203,88205,88273,88275,88294,88299,88304,88309,88312,88324,88326,88369,88371,88389,88399,88401,88403,88428,88430,88441,88443,88503,88505,88531,88534,88538,88543,88547,88550,88584,88588,88591,88616,88620,88643,88647,88680,88685,88689,88694,88697,88765,88767,88791,88796,88799,88830,88832,88864,88881,88885,88890,88914,88921,88926,88931,88934,88938,88973,88975,88984,88988,89079,89081,89112,89117,89124,89129,89138,89141,89175,89177,89191,89195,89236,89238,89247,89251,89299,89301,89315,89320,89331,89338,89344,89346,89381,89383,89397,89400,89422,89428,89457,89468,89474,89480,89494,89496,89575,89577,89627,89634,89636,89641,89645,89648,89663,89668,89670,89689,89695,89698,89713,89715,89733,89739,89744,89774,89777,89800,89803,89830,89837,89843,89851,89874,89879,89887,89889,89909,89913,89919,89969,89972,89994,89996,90002,90010,90016,90022,90030,90035,90039,90042,90065,90070,90077,90089,90091,90123],[10,88188,3015,88190,3019],{"id":88189},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88191,45887],{},[20,88193,31748,88194,88196],{},[15,88195,45887],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88198,88199,88200,88202],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88201,45887],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[38,88204,41],{"id":40},[43,88206,88208],{"className":45,"code":88207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88209,88210,88222,88231,88235,88245,88255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88211,88212,88214,88216,88218,88220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88213,7323],{"class":58},[52,88215,63],{"class":62},[52,88217,83],{"class":70},[52,88219,7368],{"class":74},[52,88221,2797],{"class":70},[52,88223,88224,88226,88228],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88225,21068],{"class":58},[52,88227,63],{"class":62},[52,88229,88230],{"class":947}," 12\n",[52,88232,88233],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88234,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,88236,88237,88239,88241,88243],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,88238,135],{"class":134},[52,88240,138],{"class":66},[52,88242,7115],{"class":117},[52,88244,144],{"class":66},[52,88246,88247,88249,88251,88253],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,88248,135],{"class":134},[52,88250,138],{"class":66},[52,88252,8747],{"class":117},[52,88254,144],{"class":66},[52,88256,88257,88259,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,88258,135],{"class":134},[52,88260,138],{"class":66},[52,88262,71],{"class":70},[52,88264,34299],{"class":74},[52,88266,71],{"class":70},[52,88268,80],{"class":66},[52,88270,35425],{"class":117},[52,88272,144],{"class":66},[20,88274,1509],{},[43,88276,88278],{"className":45,"code":88277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88279,88280,88285,88289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88281,88282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88283,88284],{"class":58},"Mia\n",[52,88286,88287],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88288,1663],{"class":947},[52,88290,88291],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88292,88293],{"class":58},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88295,799,88296,88298],{},[15,88297,45887],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[38,88300,194,88302,197],{"id":88301},"what-print-does",[15,88303,45887],{},[20,88305,88306,88308],{},[15,88307,45887],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88310,88311],{},"You can use it to display:",[163,88313,88314,88316,88318,88321],{},[166,88315,34141],{},[166,88317,1037],{},[166,88319,88320],{},"variables",[166,88322,88323],{},"expressions",[20,88325,267],{},[43,88327,88329],{"className":45,"code":88328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88330,88331,88345,88355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88332,88333,88335,88337,88339,88341,88343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88334,135],{"class":134},[52,88336,138],{"class":66},[52,88338,71],{"class":70},[52,88340,34299],{"class":74},[52,88342,71],{"class":70},[52,88344,144],{"class":66},[52,88346,88347,88349,88351,88353],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88348,135],{"class":134},[52,88350,138],{"class":66},[52,88352,1131],{"class":947},[52,88354,144],{"class":66},[52,88356,88357,88359,88361,88363,88365,88367],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88358,135],{"class":134},[52,88360,138],{"class":66},[52,88362,1047],{"class":947},[52,88364,1893],{"class":62},[52,88366,958],{"class":947},[52,88368,144],{"class":66},[20,88370,1509],{},[43,88372,88374],{"className":45,"code":88373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88375,88376,88381,88385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88377,88378],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88379,88380],{"class":58},"Hello\n",[52,88382,88383],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88384,2385],{"class":947},[52,88386,88387],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88388,2385],{"class":947},[20,88390,88391,88392,184,88394,88398],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88393,45887],{},[30,88395,3133,88396],{},[15,88397,3220],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[38,88400,228],{"id":227},[20,88402,30155],{},[43,88404,88406],{"className":45,"code":88405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88407,88408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88409,88410,88412,88414,88417,88419,88422,88424,88426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88411,135],{"class":134},[52,88413,138],{"class":66},[52,88415,88416],{"class":117},"object1",[52,88418,80],{"class":66},[52,88420,88421],{"class":117}," object2",[52,88423,80],{"class":66},[52,88425,33886],{"class":134},[52,88427,144],{"class":66},[20,88429,79635],{},[163,88431,88432,88435,88438],{},[166,88433,88434],{},"one value",[166,88436,88437],{},"many values",[166,88439,88440],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88442,267],{},[43,88444,88446],{"className":45,"code":88445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88447,88448,88462,88481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88449,88450,88452,88454,88456,88458,88460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88451,135],{"class":134},[52,88453,138],{"class":66},[52,88455,71],{"class":70},[52,88457,57204],{"class":74},[52,88459,71],{"class":70},[52,88461,144],{"class":66},[52,88463,88464,88466,88468,88470,88473,88475,88477,88479],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88465,135],{"class":134},[52,88467,138],{"class":66},[52,88469,71],{"class":70},[52,88471,88472],{"class":74},"Score:",[52,88474,71],{"class":70},[52,88476,80],{"class":66},[52,88478,5451],{"class":947},[52,88480,144],{"class":66},[52,88482,88483,88485,88487,88489,88491,88493,88495,88497,88499,88501],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88484,135],{"class":134},[52,88486,138],{"class":66},[52,88488,71],{"class":70},[52,88490,44998],{"class":74},[52,88492,71],{"class":70},[52,88494,80],{"class":66},[52,88496,1896],{"class":947},[52,88498,1893],{"class":62},[52,88500,37076],{"class":947},[52,88502,144],{"class":66},[20,88504,1509],{},[43,88506,88508],{"className":45,"code":88507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88509,88510,88514,88523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88511,88512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88513,84787],{"class":58},[52,88515,88516,88519,88521],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88517,88518],{"class":58},"Score",[52,88520,202],{"class":66},[52,88522,2026],{"class":947},[52,88524,88525,88527,88529],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88526,45038],{"class":58},[52,88528,202],{"class":66},[52,88530,2026],{"class":947},[20,88532,88533],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[38,88535,88537],{"id":88536},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88539,88540,88541,114],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88542,45887],{},[699,88544,88546],{"id":88545},"print-text","Print text",[20,88548,88549],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[43,88551,88553],{"className":45,"code":88552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88554,88555,88569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88556,88557,88559,88561,88563,88565,88567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88558,135],{"class":134},[52,88560,138],{"class":66},[52,88562,71],{"class":70},[52,88564,34299],{"class":74},[52,88566,71],{"class":70},[52,88568,144],{"class":66},[52,88570,88571,88573,88575,88577,88580,88582],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88572,135],{"class":134},[52,88574,138],{"class":66},[52,88576,71],{"class":70},[52,88578,88579],{"class":74},"Python is fun",[52,88581,71],{"class":70},[52,88583,144],{"class":66},[699,88585,88587],{"id":88586},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88589,88590],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[43,88592,88594],{"className":45,"code":88593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88595,88596,88606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88597,88598,88600,88602,88604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88599,135],{"class":134},[52,88601,138],{"class":66},[52,88603,1131],{"class":947},[52,88605,144],{"class":66},[52,88607,88608,88610,88612,88614],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88609,135],{"class":134},[52,88611,138],{"class":66},[52,88613,39576],{"class":947},[52,88615,144],{"class":66},[699,88617,88619],{"id":88618},"print-variables","Print variables",[43,88621,88623],{"className":45,"code":88622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88624,88625,88633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88626,88627,88629,88631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88628,4539],{"class":58},[52,88630,63],{"class":62},[52,88632,13570],{"class":947},[52,88634,88635,88637,88639,88641],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88636,135],{"class":134},[52,88638,138],{"class":66},[52,88640,84951],{"class":117},[52,88642,144],{"class":66},[699,88644,88646],{"id":88645},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[43,88648,88650],{"className":45,"code":88649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88651,88652,88666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88653,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88655,135],{"class":134},[52,88657,138],{"class":66},[52,88659,1047],{"class":947},[52,88661,1893],{"class":62},[52,88663,958],{"class":947},[52,88665,144],{"class":66},[52,88667,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88669,135],{"class":134},[52,88671,138],{"class":66},[52,88673,1770],{"class":947},[52,88675,82264],{"class":62},[52,88677,1896],{"class":947},[52,88679,144],{"class":66},[20,88681,88682,88683,114],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[221,88684,50413],{"href":50412},[38,88686,88688],{"id":88687},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88690,88691,88693],{},[15,88692,45887],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88695,88696],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[43,88698,88700],{"className":45,"code":88699,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88701,88702,88715,88723,88727,88746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88703,88704,88706,88708,88710,88713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88705,7323],{"class":58},[52,88707,63],{"class":62},[52,88709,83],{"class":70},[52,88711,88712],{"class":74},"Ava",[52,88714,2797],{"class":70},[52,88716,88717,88719,88721],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88718,21068],{"class":58},[52,88720,63],{"class":62},[52,88722,2026],{"class":947},[52,88724,88725],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,88726,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,88728,88729,88731,88733,88735,88738,88740,88742,88744],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,88730,135],{"class":134},[52,88732,138],{"class":66},[52,88734,71],{"class":70},[52,88736,88737],{"class":74},"Name:",[52,88739,71],{"class":70},[52,88741,80],{"class":66},[52,88743,35425],{"class":117},[52,88745,144],{"class":66},[52,88747,88748,88750,88752,88754,88757,88759,88761,88763],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,88749,135],{"class":134},[52,88751,138],{"class":66},[52,88753,71],{"class":70},[52,88755,88756],{"class":74},"Age:",[52,88758,71],{"class":70},[52,88760,80],{"class":66},[52,88762,8636],{"class":117},[52,88764,144],{"class":66},[20,88766,1509],{},[43,88768,88770],{"className":45,"code":88769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88771,88772,88782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88773,88774,88777,88779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88775,88776],{"class":58},"Name",[52,88778,202],{"class":66},[52,88780,88781],{"class":58}," Ava\n",[52,88783,88784,88787,88789],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88785,88786],{"class":58},"Age",[52,88788,202],{"class":66},[52,88790,2026],{"class":947},[20,88792,88793,88794,114],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88795,1497],{},[20,88797,88798],{},"For example, this works:",[43,88800,88802],{"className":45,"code":88801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88803,88804,88812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88805,88806,88808,88810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88807,21068],{"class":58},[52,88809,63],{"class":62},[52,88811,2026],{"class":947},[52,88813,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824,88826,88828],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88815,135],{"class":134},[52,88817,138],{"class":66},[52,88819,71],{"class":70},[52,88821,88756],{"class":74},[52,88823,71],{"class":70},[52,88825,80],{"class":66},[52,88827,8636],{"class":117},[52,88829,144],{"class":66},[20,88831,36359],{},[43,88833,88835],{"className":45,"code":88834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88836,88837,88845],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88838,88839,88841,88843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88840,21068],{"class":58},[52,88842,63],{"class":62},[52,88844,2026],{"class":947},[52,88846,88847,88849,88851,88853,88856,88858,88860,88862],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,88848,135],{"class":134},[52,88850,138],{"class":66},[52,88852,71],{"class":70},[52,88854,88855],{"class":74},"Age: ",[52,88857,71],{"class":70},[52,88859,1893],{"class":62},[52,88861,8636],{"class":117},[52,88863,144],{"class":66},[20,88865,88866,88867,88870,88871,88873,88874,88876,88877,114],{},"That fails because ",[15,88868,88869],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88872,8747],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88875,1497],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[221,88878,88879],{"href":41609},[15,88880,47119],{},[38,88882,88884],{"id":88883},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88886,88887,88889],{},[15,88888,45887],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[163,88891,88892,88898,88903,88908],{},[166,88893,88894,88897],{},[15,88895,88896],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[166,88899,88900,88902],{},[15,88901,52098],{}," controls what is added after the output",[166,88904,88905,88907],{},[15,88906,86173],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[166,88909,88910,88913],{},[15,88911,88912],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88915,88916,88917,803,88919,114],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88918,88896],{},[15,88920,52098],{},[38,88922,88924,36048],{"id":88923},"sep-argument",[15,88925,88896],{},[20,88927,1418,88928,88930],{},[15,88929,88896],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88932,88933],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[699,88935,88937],{"id":88936},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[43,88939,88941],{"className":45,"code":88940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88942,88943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88944,88945,88947,88949,88951,88953,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963,88965,88967,88969,88971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88946,135],{"class":134},[52,88948,138],{"class":66},[52,88950,71],{"class":70},[52,88952,286],{"class":74},[52,88954,71],{"class":70},[52,88956,80],{"class":66},[52,88958,83],{"class":70},[52,88960,304],{"class":74},[52,88962,71],{"class":70},[52,88964,80],{"class":66},[52,88966,83],{"class":70},[52,88968,295],{"class":74},[52,88970,71],{"class":70},[52,88972,144],{"class":66},[20,88974,1509],{},[43,88976,88978],{"className":45,"code":88977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red green blue\n",[15,88979,88980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88981,88982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88983,88977],{"class":58},[699,88985,88987],{"id":88986},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[43,88989,88991],{"className":45,"code":88990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88992,88993,89036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88994,88995,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011,89013,89015,89017,89019,89021,89023,89026,89028,89030,89032,89034],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88996,135],{"class":134},[52,88998,138],{"class":66},[52,89000,71],{"class":70},[52,89002,286],{"class":74},[52,89004,71],{"class":70},[52,89006,80],{"class":66},[52,89008,83],{"class":70},[52,89010,304],{"class":74},[52,89012,71],{"class":70},[52,89014,80],{"class":66},[52,89016,83],{"class":70},[52,89018,295],{"class":74},[52,89020,71],{"class":70},[52,89022,80],{"class":66},[52,89024,89025],{"class":8623}," sep",[52,89027,63],{"class":62},[52,89029,71],{"class":70},[52,89031,80],{"class":74},[52,89033,71],{"class":70},[52,89035,144],{"class":66},[52,89037,89038,89040,89042,89044,89046,89048,89050,89052,89054,89056,89058,89060,89062,89064,89066,89068,89070,89072,89075,89077],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89039,135],{"class":134},[52,89041,138],{"class":66},[52,89043,71],{"class":70},[52,89045,286],{"class":74},[52,89047,71],{"class":70},[52,89049,80],{"class":66},[52,89051,83],{"class":70},[52,89053,304],{"class":74},[52,89055,71],{"class":70},[52,89057,80],{"class":66},[52,89059,83],{"class":70},[52,89061,295],{"class":74},[52,89063,71],{"class":70},[52,89065,80],{"class":66},[52,89067,89025],{"class":8623},[52,89069,63],{"class":62},[52,89071,71],{"class":70},[52,89073,89074],{"class":74}," - ",[52,89076,71],{"class":70},[52,89078,144],{"class":66},[20,89080,1509],{},[43,89082,89084],{"className":45,"code":89083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89085,89086,89098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89087,89088,89090,89092,89094,89096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89089,286],{"class":58},[52,89091,80],{"class":66},[52,89093,304],{"class":58},[52,89095,80],{"class":66},[52,89097,69415],{"class":58},[52,89099,89100,89103,89105,89108,89110],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89101,89102],{"class":58},"red ",[52,89104,1460],{"class":62},[52,89106,89107],{"class":58}," green ",[52,89109,1460],{"class":62},[52,89111,35314],{"class":58},[20,89113,89114,89116],{},[15,89115,88896],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89118,89119,89120,114],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[221,89121,89123],{"href":89122},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[38,89125,89127,36048],{"id":89126},"end-argument",[15,89128,52098],{},[20,89130,89131,89132,89134,89135,89137],{},"By default, ",[15,89133,45887],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89136,45887],{}," starts on a new line.",[699,89139,88937],{"id":89140},"default-behavior-1",[43,89142,89144],{"className":45,"code":89143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89145,89146,89160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89147,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156,89158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89149,135],{"class":134},[52,89151,138],{"class":66},[52,89153,71],{"class":70},[52,89155,34299],{"class":74},[52,89157,71],{"class":70},[52,89159,144],{"class":66},[52,89161,89162,89164,89166,89168,89171,89173],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89163,135],{"class":134},[52,89165,138],{"class":66},[52,89167,71],{"class":70},[52,89169,89170],{"class":74},"World",[52,89172,71],{"class":70},[52,89174,144],{"class":66},[20,89176,1509],{},[43,89178,89180],{"className":45,"code":89179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89181,89182,89186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89183,89184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89185,88380],{"class":58},[52,89187,89188],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89189,89190],{"class":58},"World\n",[699,89192,89194],{"id":89193},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[43,89196,89198],{"className":45,"code":89197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89199,89200,89222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89201,89202,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89203,135],{"class":134},[52,89205,138],{"class":66},[52,89207,71],{"class":70},[52,89209,34299],{"class":74},[52,89211,71],{"class":70},[52,89213,80],{"class":66},[52,89215,64476],{"class":8623},[52,89217,63],{"class":62},[52,89219,5719],{"class":70},[52,89221,144],{"class":66},[52,89223,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89234],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89225,135],{"class":134},[52,89227,138],{"class":66},[52,89229,71],{"class":70},[52,89231,89170],{"class":74},[52,89233,71],{"class":70},[52,89235,144],{"class":66},[20,89237,1509],{},[43,89239,89241],{"className":45,"code":89240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89242,89243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89244,89245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89246,89240],{"class":58},[699,89248,89250],{"id":89249},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[43,89252,89254],{"className":45,"code":89253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89255,89256,89285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89257,89258,89260,89262,89264,89266,89268,89270,89272,89274,89276,89279,89281,89283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89259,135],{"class":134},[52,89261,138],{"class":66},[52,89263,71],{"class":70},[52,89265,34299],{"class":74},[52,89267,71],{"class":70},[52,89269,80],{"class":66},[52,89271,64476],{"class":8623},[52,89273,63],{"class":62},[52,89275,71],{"class":70},[52,89277,89278],{"class":74},"!",[52,89280,86584],{"class":33885},[52,89282,71],{"class":70},[52,89284,144],{"class":66},[52,89286,89287,89289,89291,89293,89295,89297],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89288,135],{"class":134},[52,89290,138],{"class":66},[52,89292,71],{"class":70},[52,89294,89170],{"class":74},[52,89296,71],{"class":70},[52,89298,144],{"class":66},[20,89300,1509],{},[43,89302,89304],{"className":45,"code":89303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89305,89306,89311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89307,89308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89309,89310],{"class":58},"Hello!\n",[52,89312,89313],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89314,89190],{"class":58},[20,89316,1418,89317,89319],{},[15,89318,52098],{}," argument is useful for:",[163,89321,89322,89325,89328],{},[166,89323,89324],{},"progress messages",[166,89326,89327],{},"inline output",[166,89329,89330],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[38,89332,89334,1837,89336],{"id":89333},"print-returns-none",[15,89335,45887],{},[15,89337,3220],{},[20,89339,89340,89341,89343],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89342,45887],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89345,267],{},[43,89347,89349],{"className":45,"code":89348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89350,89351,89371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89352,89353,89355,89357,89360,89362,89364,89367,89369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89354,1668],{"class":58},[52,89356,63],{"class":62},[52,89358,89359],{"class":134}," print",[52,89361,138],{"class":66},[52,89363,71],{"class":70},[52,89365,89366],{"class":74},"Hi",[52,89368,71],{"class":70},[52,89370,144],{"class":66},[52,89372,89373,89375,89377,89379],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89374,135],{"class":134},[52,89376,138],{"class":66},[52,89378,1703],{"class":117},[52,89380,144],{"class":66},[20,89382,1509],{},[43,89384,89386],{"className":45,"code":89385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89387,89388,89393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89389,89390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89391,89392],{"class":58},"Hi\n",[52,89394,89395],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89396,11251],{"class":3295},[20,89398,89399],{},"Why does this happen?",[163,89401,89402,89410,89415],{},[166,89403,89404,89407,89408],{},[15,89405,89406],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89409,89366],{},[166,89411,89412,89413],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89414,3220],{},[166,89416,89417,89418,11363,89420],{},"so ",[15,89419,1703],{},[15,89421,3220],{},[20,89423,89424,89425,89427],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89426,45887],{}," call.",[43,89429,89431],{"className":45,"code":89430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89432,89433,89446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89434,89435,89438,89440,89442,89444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89436,89437],{"class":58},"message ",[52,89439,63],{"class":62},[52,89441,83],{"class":70},[52,89443,89366],{"class":74},[52,89445,2797],{"class":70},[52,89447,89448,89450,89452,89455],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89449,135],{"class":134},[52,89451,138],{"class":66},[52,89453,89454],{"class":117},"message",[52,89456,144],{"class":66},[20,89458,89459,89460,89462,89463,89467],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89461,45887],{}," with functions like ",[221,89464,89465],{"href":7666},[15,89466,2396],{},", which do return a value.",[38,89469,89471,89472],{"id":89470},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89473,45887],{},[20,89475,89476,89477,89479],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89478,45887],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[163,89481,89482,89485,89488,89491],{},[166,89483,89484],{},"to display results to the user",[166,89486,89487],{},"to show messages in a script",[166,89489,89490],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[166,89492,89493],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89495,267],{},[43,89497,89499],{"className":45,"code":89498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89500,89501,89509,89513,89533,89544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89502,89503,89505,89507],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89504,40616],{"class":58},[52,89506,63],{"class":62},[52,89508,37946],{"class":947},[52,89510,89511],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89512,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,89514,89515,89517,89519,89521,89523,89525,89527,89529,89531],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,89516,5405],{"class":731},[52,89518,5833],{"class":58},[52,89520,3326],{"class":731},[52,89522,53508],{"class":134},[52,89524,138],{"class":66},[52,89526,948],{"class":947},[52,89528,80],{"class":66},[52,89530,1896],{"class":947},[52,89532,7789],{"class":66},[52,89534,89535,89538,89541],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,89536,89537],{"class":58},"    total ",[52,89539,89540],{"class":62},"+=",[52,89542,89543],{"class":58}," number\n",[52,89545,89546,89548,89550,89552,89555,89557,89559,89561,89563,89565,89567,89569,89571,89573],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,89547,757],{"class":134},[52,89549,138],{"class":66},[52,89551,71],{"class":70},[52,89553,89554],{"class":74},"Current number:",[52,89556,71],{"class":70},[52,89558,80],{"class":66},[52,89560,1635],{"class":117},[52,89562,80],{"class":66},[52,89564,83],{"class":70},[52,89566,44998],{"class":74},[52,89568,71],{"class":70},[52,89570,80],{"class":66},[52,89572,45005],{"class":117},[52,89574,144],{"class":66},[20,89576,1509],{},[43,89578,89580],{"className":45,"code":89579,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89581,89582,89598,89612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89583,89584,89587,89589,89591,89594,89596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89585,89586],{"class":58},"Current number",[52,89588,202],{"class":66},[52,89590,4944],{"class":947},[52,89592,89593],{"class":58}," Total",[52,89595,202],{"class":66},[52,89597,29050],{"class":947},[52,89599,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89601,89586],{"class":58},[52,89603,202],{"class":66},[52,89605,953],{"class":947},[52,89607,89593],{"class":58},[52,89609,202],{"class":66},[52,89611,2016],{"class":947},[52,89613,89614,89616,89618,89620,89622,89624],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,89615,89586],{"class":58},[52,89617,202],{"class":66},[52,89619,958],{"class":947},[52,89621,89593],{"class":58},[52,89623,202],{"class":66},[52,89625,89626],{"class":947}," 6\n",[20,89628,89629,89630,114],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[221,89631,89633],{"href":89632},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[38,89635,1158],{"id":1157},[20,89637,89638,89639,114],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89640,45887],{},[699,89642,89644],{"id":89643},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89646,89647],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[43,89649,89651],{"className":45,"code":89650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89652,89653],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89654,89655,89657,89659,89661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89656,135],{"class":134},[52,89658,138],{"class":66},[52,89660,34299],{"class":117},[52,89662,144],{"class":66},[20,89664,8322,89665,89667],{},[15,89666,34299],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89669,10252],{},[43,89671,89673],{"className":45,"code":89672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89674,89675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89676,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89678,135],{"class":134},[52,89680,138],{"class":66},[52,89682,71],{"class":70},[52,89684,34299],{"class":74},[52,89686,71],{"class":70},[52,89688,144],{"class":66},[699,89690,1185,89692,89694],{"id":89691},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89693,135],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89696,89697],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[43,89699,89701],{"className":45,"code":89700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89702,89703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89704,89705,89707,89709,89711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89706,135],{"class":134},[52,89708,83],{"class":70},[52,89710,34299],{"class":74},[52,89712,2797],{"class":70},[20,89714,10252],{},[43,89716,89717],{"className":45,"code":89672,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,89718,89719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89720,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89722,135],{"class":134},[52,89724,138],{"class":66},[52,89726,71],{"class":70},[52,89728,34299],{"class":74},[52,89730,71],{"class":70},[52,89732,144],{"class":66},[699,89734,89736,89737],{"id":89735},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89738,1497],{},[20,89740,89741,89742,114],{},"This causes a ",[15,89743,2443],{},[43,89745,89746],{"className":45,"code":88834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,89747,89748,89756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89749,89750,89752,89754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89751,21068],{"class":58},[52,89753,63],{"class":62},[52,89755,2026],{"class":947},[52,89757,89758,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770,89772],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89759,135],{"class":134},[52,89761,138],{"class":66},[52,89763,71],{"class":70},[52,89765,88855],{"class":74},[52,89767,71],{"class":70},[52,89769,1893],{"class":62},[52,89771,8636],{"class":117},[52,89773,144],{"class":66},[20,89775,89776],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[43,89778,89780],{"className":45,"code":89779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89781,89782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89783,89784,89786,89788,89790,89792,89794,89796,89798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89785,135],{"class":134},[52,89787,138],{"class":66},[52,89789,71],{"class":70},[52,89791,88756],{"class":74},[52,89793,71],{"class":70},[52,89795,80],{"class":66},[52,89797,8636],{"class":117},[52,89799,144],{"class":66},[20,89801,89802],{},"Or convert the number first:",[43,89804,89806],{"className":45,"code":89805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89807,89808],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89809,89810,89812,89814,89816,89818,89820,89822,89824,89826,89828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89811,135],{"class":134},[52,89813,138],{"class":66},[52,89815,71],{"class":70},[52,89817,88855],{"class":74},[52,89819,71],{"class":70},[52,89821,1893],{"class":62},[52,89823,48340],{"class":600},[52,89825,138],{"class":66},[52,89827,8747],{"class":117},[52,89829,1222],{"class":66},[20,89831,89832,89833,114],{},"If you see this error, read ",[221,89834,89836],{"href":89835},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[699,89838,1174,89840,89842],{"id":89839},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89841,45887],{}," to return a value",[20,89844,89845,89846,34762,89849,202],{},"This does not store ",[15,89847,89848],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89850,1703],{},[43,89852,89854],{"className":45,"code":89853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89855,89856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89857,89858,89860,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89859,1668],{"class":58},[52,89861,63],{"class":62},[52,89863,89359],{"class":134},[52,89865,138],{"class":66},[52,89867,71],{"class":70},[52,89869,34299],{"class":74},[52,89871,71],{"class":70},[52,89873,144],{"class":66},[20,89875,89876,89877,114],{},"It stores ",[15,89878,3220],{},[699,89880,89882,89883,803,89885],{"id":89881},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89884,88896],{},[15,89886,52098],{},[20,89888,85243],{},[163,89890,89891,89900],{},[166,89892,89893,89895,89896,89899],{},[15,89894,88896],{}," changes what goes ",[30,89897,89898],{},"between"," multiple values",[166,89901,89902,89904,89905,89908],{},[15,89903,52098],{}," changes what appears ",[30,89906,89907],{},"after"," the output",[38,89910,89912],{"id":89911},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89914,89915,89916,89918],{},"These simple ",[15,89917,45887],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[43,89920,89922],{"className":45,"code":89921,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89923,89924,89944,89959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89925,89926,89928,89930,89932,89935,89937,89939,89942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89927,135],{"class":134},[52,89929,138],{"class":66},[52,89931,71],{"class":70},[52,89933,89934],{"class":74},"Debug:",[52,89936,71],{"class":70},[52,89938,80],{"class":66},[52,89940,89941],{"class":117}," variable_name",[52,89943,144],{"class":66},[52,89945,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954,89957],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,89947,135],{"class":134},[52,89949,138],{"class":66},[52,89951,1231],{"class":600},[52,89953,138],{"class":66},[52,89955,89956],{"class":117},"variable_name",[52,89958,1222],{"class":66},[52,89960,89961,89963,89965,89967],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,89962,31583],{"class":134},[52,89964,138],{"class":66},[52,89966,135],{"class":134},[52,89968,144],{"class":66},[20,89970,89971],{},"What they do:",[163,89973,89974,89980,89986],{},[166,89975,89976,89979],{},[15,89977,89978],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[166,89981,89982,89985],{},[15,89983,89984],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[166,89987,89988,89991,89992],{},[15,89989,89990],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89993,45887],{},[38,89995,1273],{"id":1272},[699,89997,1277,89999,90001],{"id":89998},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90000,45887],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90003,90004,90005,90007,90008,36054],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90006,45887],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90009,52098],{},[699,90011,4614,90013,90015],{"id":90012},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90014,45887],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90017,90018,90019,90021],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90020,45887],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[699,90023,4602,90025,4605,90028,1293],{"id":90024},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90026,90027],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90029,3220],{},[20,90031,28496,90032,90034],{},[15,90033,45887],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[699,90036,90038],{"id":90037},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90040,90041],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[43,90043,90045],{"className":45,"code":90044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90046,90047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90048,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057,90059,90061,90063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90050,135],{"class":134},[52,90052,138],{"class":66},[52,90054,71],{"class":70},[52,90056,88756],{"class":74},[52,90058,71],{"class":70},[52,90060,80],{"class":66},[52,90062,5451],{"class":947},[52,90064,144],{"class":66},[20,90066,90067,90068,39362],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90069,47119],{},[699,90071,4624,90073,803,90075,1293],{"id":90072},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90074,88896],{},[15,90076,52098],{},[163,90078,90079,90084],{},[166,90080,90081,90083],{},[15,90082,88896],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[166,90085,90086,90088],{},[15,90087,52098],{}," changes what appears after the output",[38,90090,1332],{"id":1331},[163,90092,90093,90097,90103,90109,90114,90119],{},[166,90094,90095],{},[221,90096,50413],{"href":50412},[166,90098,90099],{},[221,90100,3015,90101,2948],{"href":7666},[15,90102,2396],{},[166,90104,90105],{},[221,90106,3015,90107,2948],{"href":41609},[15,90108,47119],{},[166,90110,90111],{},[221,90112,90113],{"href":89122},"How to format strings in Python",[166,90115,90116],{},[221,90117,90118],{"href":89632},"How to debug Python code",[166,90120,90121],{},[221,90122,89836],{"href":89835},[1364,90124,90125],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":90127},[90128,90129,90131,90132,90138,90139,90140,90145,90151,90153,90155,90166,90167,90178],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":88301,"depth":103,"text":90130},"What print() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":88536,"depth":103,"text":88537,"children":90133},[90134,90135,90136,90137],{"id":88545,"depth":124,"text":88546},{"id":88586,"depth":124,"text":88587},{"id":88618,"depth":124,"text":88619},{"id":88645,"depth":124,"text":88646},{"id":88687,"depth":103,"text":88688},{"id":88883,"depth":103,"text":88884},{"id":88923,"depth":103,"text":90141,"children":90142},"sep argument",[90143,90144],{"id":88936,"depth":124,"text":88937},{"id":88986,"depth":124,"text":88987},{"id":89126,"depth":103,"text":90146,"children":90147},"end argument",[90148,90149,90150],{"id":89140,"depth":124,"text":88937},{"id":89193,"depth":124,"text":89194},{"id":89249,"depth":124,"text":89250},{"id":89333,"depth":103,"text":90152},"print() returns None",{"id":89470,"depth":103,"text":90154},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":90156},[90157,90158,90160,90162,90164],{"id":89643,"depth":124,"text":89644},{"id":89691,"depth":124,"text":90159},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89735,"depth":124,"text":90161},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89839,"depth":124,"text":90163},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89881,"depth":124,"text":90165},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89911,"depth":103,"text":89912},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":90168},[90169,90171,90173,90175,90176],{"id":89998,"depth":124,"text":90170},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90012,"depth":124,"text":90172},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90024,"depth":124,"text":90174},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90037,"depth":124,"text":90038},{"id":90072,"depth":124,"text":90177},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88184,"description":90179},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90186,"title":90187,"body":90188,"description":92492,"extension":1401,"meta":92493,"navigation":127,"path":92494,"seo":92495,"stem":92496,"__hash__":92497},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90189,"toc":92438},[90190,90195,90200,90213,90215,90280,90291,90296,90301,90303,90326,90329,90360,90362,90379,90384,90390,90395,90444,90447,90464,90470,90475,90498,90500,90528,90534,90542,90569,90571,90596,90602,90605,90636,90638,90667,90671,90674,90679,90701,90703,90731,90737,90743,90769,90771,90795,90801,90807,90837,90839,90867,90877,90881,90887,90920,90922,90951,90954,90957,90990,90992,91000,91006,91008,91031,91036,91045,91050,91064,91066,91106,91108,91138,91142,91177,91183,91187,91231,91233,91263,91269,91272,91351,91353,91375,91383,91386,91449,91457,91532,91538,91545,91550,91555,91578,91580,91601,91603,91616,91618,91665,91667,91706,91715,91717,91721,91725,91728,91755,91758,91787,91790,91814,91817,91825,91831,91853,91855,91883,91887,91892,91947,91952,91954,92011,92018,92027,92030,92062,92064,92072,92075,92081,92083,92106,92109,92115,92118,92137,92139,92158,92161,92183,92185,92213,92217,92221,92326,92328,92341,92343,92349,92352,92360,92365,92371,92377,92382,92390,92396,92403,92405,92435],[10,90191,3015,90193,3019],{"id":90192},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90194,35632],{},[20,90196,31748,90197,90199],{},[15,90198,35632],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90201,90202,90203,90205,90206,90208,90209,90212],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90204,5405],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90207,35632],{}," stops ",[30,90210,90211],{},"before"," the end value.",[38,90214,41],{"id":40},[43,90216,90218],{"className":45,"code":90217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90219,90220,90236,90246,90250,90255,90260,90265,90270,90275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90221,90222,90224,90226,90228,90230,90232,90234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90223,5405],{"class":731},[52,90225,68984],{"class":58},[52,90227,3326],{"class":731},[52,90229,53508],{"class":134},[52,90231,138],{"class":66},[52,90233,1131],{"class":947},[52,90235,7789],{"class":66},[52,90237,90238,90240,90242,90244],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,90239,757],{"class":134},[52,90241,138],{"class":66},[52,90243,35588],{"class":117},[52,90245,144],{"class":66},[52,90247,90248],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,90249,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,90251,90252],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,90253,90254],{"class":3105},"# Output:\n",[52,90256,90257],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,90258,90259],{"class":3105},"# 0\n",[52,90261,90262],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,90263,90264],{"class":3105},"# 1\n",[52,90266,90267],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,90268,90269],{"class":3105},"# 2\n",[52,90271,90272],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,90273,90274],{"class":3105},"# 3\n",[52,90276,90277],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,90278,90279],{"class":3105},"# 4\n",[20,90281,90282,90285,90286,90288,90289,114],{},[15,90283,90284],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90287,1558],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90290,1131],{},[38,90292,194,90294,197],{"id":90293},"what-range-does",[15,90295,35632],{},[20,90297,90298,90300],{},[15,90299,35632],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90302,247],{},[163,90304,90305,90310,90316,90321],{},[166,90306,90307,90309],{},[15,90308,35632],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[166,90311,90312,90313,90315],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90314,5405],{}," loops",[166,90317,90318,90319],{},"The stop value is ",[30,90320,64505],{},[166,90322,16862,90323,90325],{},[15,90324,59434],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90327,90328],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[43,90330,90332],{"className":45,"code":90331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90333,90334,90350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90335,90336,90338,90340,90342,90344,90346,90348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90337,5405],{"class":731},[52,90339,5833],{"class":58},[52,90341,3326],{"class":731},[52,90343,53508],{"class":134},[52,90345,138],{"class":66},[52,90347,1500],{"class":947},[52,90349,7789],{"class":66},[52,90351,90352,90354,90356,90358],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,90353,757],{"class":134},[52,90355,138],{"class":66},[52,90357,1678],{"class":117},[52,90359,144],{"class":66},[20,90361,1509],{},[43,90363,90365],{"className":45,"code":90364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90366,90367,90371,90375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90368,90369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90370,46687],{"class":947},[52,90372,90373],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,90374,46352],{"class":947},[52,90376,90377],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,90378,16496],{"class":947},[20,90380,90381,90382,114],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[221,90383,35462],{"href":35461},[38,90385,90387,90389],{"id":90386},"range-syntax",[15,90388,35632],{}," syntax",[20,90391,90392,90394],{},[15,90393,35632],{}," has three common forms:",[43,90396,90398],{"className":45,"code":90397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90399,90400,90410,90425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90401,90402,90404,90406,90408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90403,59434],{"class":134},[52,90405,138],{"class":66},[52,90407,74858],{"class":117},[52,90409,144],{"class":66},[52,90411,90412,90414,90416,90418,90420,90423],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,90413,59434],{"class":134},[52,90415,138],{"class":66},[52,90417,35506],{"class":117},[52,90419,80],{"class":66},[52,90421,90422],{"class":117}," stop",[52,90424,144],{"class":66},[52,90426,90427,90429,90431,90433,90435,90437,90439,90442],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,90428,59434],{"class":134},[52,90430,138],{"class":66},[52,90432,35506],{"class":117},[52,90434,80],{"class":66},[52,90436,90422],{"class":117},[52,90438,80],{"class":66},[52,90440,90441],{"class":117}," step",[52,90443,144],{"class":66},[20,90445,90446],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[163,90448,90449,90454,90459],{},[166,90450,90451,90453],{},[15,90452,35506],{}," = first number",[166,90455,90456,90458],{},[15,90457,74858],{}," = end limit, not included",[166,90460,90461,90463],{},[15,90462,74861],{}," = amount to move each time",[699,90465,90467],{"id":90466},"rangestop",[15,90468,90469],{},"range(stop)",[20,90471,90472,90473,114],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90474,1558],{},[43,90476,90478],{"className":45,"code":90477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90479,90480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90481,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90483,135],{"class":134},[52,90485,138],{"class":66},[52,90487,7540],{"class":600},[52,90489,138],{"class":66},[52,90491,59434],{"class":134},[52,90493,138],{"class":66},[52,90495,1131],{"class":947},[52,90497,2350],{"class":66},[20,90499,1509],{},[43,90501,90502],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90503,90504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90505,90506,90508,90510,90512,90514,90516,90518,90520,90522,90524,90526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90507,3344],{"class":66},[52,90509,1558],{"class":947},[52,90511,80],{"class":66},[52,90513,4944],{"class":947},[52,90515,80],{"class":66},[52,90517,953],{"class":947},[52,90519,80],{"class":66},[52,90521,958],{"class":947},[52,90523,80],{"class":66},[52,90525,1896],{"class":947},[52,90527,3076],{"class":66},[699,90529,90531],{"id":90530},"rangestart-stop",[15,90532,90533],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90535,90536,90537,90539,90540,114],{},"This starts at ",[15,90538,35506],{}," and stops before ",[15,90541,74858],{},[43,90543,90545],{"className":45,"code":90544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90546,90547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90548,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563,90565,90567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90550,135],{"class":134},[52,90552,138],{"class":66},[52,90554,7540],{"class":600},[52,90556,138],{"class":66},[52,90558,59434],{"class":134},[52,90560,138],{"class":66},[52,90562,1047],{"class":947},[52,90564,80],{"class":66},[52,90566,37076],{"class":947},[52,90568,2350],{"class":66},[20,90570,1509],{},[43,90572,90574],{"className":45,"code":90573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90575,90576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90577,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90579,3344],{"class":66},[52,90581,1047],{"class":947},[52,90583,80],{"class":66},[52,90585,958],{"class":947},[52,90587,80],{"class":66},[52,90589,1896],{"class":947},[52,90591,80],{"class":66},[52,90593,4048],{"class":947},[52,90595,3076],{"class":66},[699,90597,90599],{"id":90598},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90600,90601],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90603,90604],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[43,90606,90608],{"className":45,"code":90607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90609,90610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90611,90612,90614,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628,90630,90632,90634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90613,135],{"class":134},[52,90615,138],{"class":66},[52,90617,7540],{"class":600},[52,90619,138],{"class":66},[52,90621,59434],{"class":134},[52,90623,138],{"class":66},[52,90625,948],{"class":947},[52,90627,80],{"class":66},[52,90629,5451],{"class":947},[52,90631,80],{"class":66},[52,90633,953],{"class":947},[52,90635,2350],{"class":66},[20,90637,1509],{},[43,90639,90641],{"className":45,"code":90640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90642,90643],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90644,90645,90647,90649,90651,90653,90655,90657,90659,90661,90663,90665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90646,3344],{"class":66},[52,90648,948],{"class":947},[52,90650,80],{"class":66},[52,90652,958],{"class":947},[52,90654,80],{"class":66},[52,90656,4048],{"class":947},[52,90658,80],{"class":66},[52,90660,5440],{"class":947},[52,90662,80],{"class":66},[52,90664,53574],{"class":947},[52,90666,3076],{"class":66},[38,90668,90670],{"id":90669},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90672,90673],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[699,90675,90677],{"id":90676},"range5",[15,90678,90284],{},[43,90680,90681],{"className":45,"code":90477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90682,90683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90684,90685,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90686,135],{"class":134},[52,90688,138],{"class":66},[52,90690,7540],{"class":600},[52,90692,138],{"class":66},[52,90694,59434],{"class":134},[52,90696,138],{"class":66},[52,90698,1131],{"class":947},[52,90700,2350],{"class":66},[20,90702,1509],{},[43,90704,90705],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90706,90707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90708,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727,90729],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90710,3344],{"class":66},[52,90712,1558],{"class":947},[52,90714,80],{"class":66},[52,90716,4944],{"class":947},[52,90718,80],{"class":66},[52,90720,953],{"class":947},[52,90722,80],{"class":66},[52,90724,958],{"class":947},[52,90726,80],{"class":66},[52,90728,1896],{"class":947},[52,90730,3076],{"class":66},[20,90732,90536,90733,90539,90735,114],{},[15,90734,1558],{},[15,90736,1131],{},[699,90738,90740],{"id":90739},"range2-6",[15,90741,90742],{},"range(2, 6)",[43,90744,90745],{"className":45,"code":90544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90746,90747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90748,90749,90751,90753,90755,90757,90759,90761,90763,90765,90767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90750,135],{"class":134},[52,90752,138],{"class":66},[52,90754,7540],{"class":600},[52,90756,138],{"class":66},[52,90758,59434],{"class":134},[52,90760,138],{"class":66},[52,90762,1047],{"class":947},[52,90764,80],{"class":66},[52,90766,37076],{"class":947},[52,90768,2350],{"class":66},[20,90770,1509],{},[43,90772,90773],{"className":45,"code":90573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90774,90775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90776,90777,90779,90781,90783,90785,90787,90789,90791,90793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90778,3344],{"class":66},[52,90780,1047],{"class":947},[52,90782,80],{"class":66},[52,90784,958],{"class":947},[52,90786,80],{"class":66},[52,90788,1896],{"class":947},[52,90790,80],{"class":66},[52,90792,4048],{"class":947},[52,90794,3076],{"class":66},[20,90796,90536,90797,90539,90799,114],{},[15,90798,1047],{},[15,90800,80026],{},[699,90802,90804],{"id":90803},"range1-10-2",[15,90805,90806],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[43,90808,90809],{"className":45,"code":90607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90810,90811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90812,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90814,135],{"class":134},[52,90816,138],{"class":66},[52,90818,7540],{"class":600},[52,90820,138],{"class":66},[52,90822,59434],{"class":134},[52,90824,138],{"class":66},[52,90826,948],{"class":947},[52,90828,80],{"class":66},[52,90830,5451],{"class":947},[52,90832,80],{"class":66},[52,90834,953],{"class":947},[52,90836,2350],{"class":66},[20,90838,1509],{},[43,90840,90841],{"className":45,"code":90640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90842,90843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90844,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859,90861,90863,90865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90846,3344],{"class":66},[52,90848,948],{"class":947},[52,90850,80],{"class":66},[52,90852,958],{"class":947},[52,90854,80],{"class":66},[52,90856,4048],{"class":947},[52,90858,80],{"class":66},[52,90860,5440],{"class":947},[52,90862,80],{"class":66},[52,90864,53574],{"class":947},[52,90866,3076],{"class":66},[20,90868,90869,90870,90872,90873,60737,90875,114],{},"This moves by ",[15,90871,1047],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90874,948],{},[15,90876,1582],{},[699,90878,90880],{"id":90879},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90882,90883,90884,90886],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90885,35632],{}," count backward.",[43,90888,90890],{"className":45,"code":90889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90891,90892],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90893,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914,90916,90918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90895,135],{"class":134},[52,90897,138],{"class":66},[52,90899,7540],{"class":600},[52,90901,138],{"class":66},[52,90903,59434],{"class":134},[52,90905,138],{"class":66},[52,90907,1131],{"class":947},[52,90909,80],{"class":66},[52,90911,3276],{"class":947},[52,90913,80],{"class":66},[52,90915,1660],{"class":62},[52,90917,948],{"class":947},[52,90919,2350],{"class":66},[20,90921,1509],{},[43,90923,90925],{"className":45,"code":90924,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90926,90927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90928,90929,90931,90933,90935,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90930,3344],{"class":66},[52,90932,1131],{"class":947},[52,90934,80],{"class":66},[52,90936,1896],{"class":947},[52,90938,80],{"class":66},[52,90940,958],{"class":947},[52,90942,80],{"class":66},[52,90944,953],{"class":947},[52,90946,80],{"class":66},[52,90948,4944],{"class":947},[52,90950,3076],{"class":66},[20,90952,90953],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90955,90956],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[43,90958,90960],{"className":45,"code":90959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90961,90962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90963,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986,90988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90965,135],{"class":134},[52,90967,138],{"class":66},[52,90969,7540],{"class":600},[52,90971,138],{"class":66},[52,90973,59434],{"class":134},[52,90975,138],{"class":66},[52,90977,948],{"class":947},[52,90979,80],{"class":66},[52,90981,4048],{"class":947},[52,90983,80],{"class":66},[52,90985,1660],{"class":62},[52,90987,948],{"class":947},[52,90989,2350],{"class":66},[20,90991,1509],{},[43,90993,90994],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90995,90996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90997,90998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90999,37730],{"class":66},[699,91001,91002,76021,91004],{"id":76245},[15,91003,74861],{},[15,91005,1558],{},[20,91007,2275],{},[43,91009,91011],{"className":45,"code":91010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91012,91013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91014,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025,91027,91029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91016,59434],{"class":134},[52,91018,138],{"class":66},[52,91020,948],{"class":947},[52,91022,80],{"class":66},[52,91024,4048],{"class":947},[52,91026,80],{"class":66},[52,91028,3276],{"class":947},[52,91030,144],{"class":66},[20,91032,76290,91033,91035],{},[15,91034,40137],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[38,91037,1185,91039,91041,91042,91044],{"id":91038},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91040,35632],{}," in a ",[15,91043,5405],{}," loop",[20,91046,91047,91049],{},[15,91048,35632],{}," is most useful when:",[163,91051,91052,91055,91058],{},[166,91053,91054],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[166,91056,91057],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[166,91059,91060,91061],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91062,91063],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91065,267],{},[43,91067,91069],{"className":45,"code":91068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91070,91071,91087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91072,91073,91075,91077,91079,91081,91083,91085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91074,5405],{"class":731},[52,91076,68984],{"class":58},[52,91078,3326],{"class":731},[52,91080,53508],{"class":134},[52,91082,138],{"class":66},[52,91084,1500],{"class":947},[52,91086,7789],{"class":66},[52,91088,91089,91091,91093,91095,91098,91100,91102,91104],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91090,757],{"class":134},[52,91092,138],{"class":66},[52,91094,71],{"class":70},[52,91096,91097],{"class":74},"Loop number:",[52,91099,71],{"class":70},[52,91101,80],{"class":66},[52,91103,35563],{"class":117},[52,91105,144],{"class":66},[20,91107,1509],{},[43,91109,91111],{"className":45,"code":91110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91112,91113,91122,91130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91114,91115,91118,91120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91116,91117],{"class":58},"Loop number",[52,91119,202],{"class":66},[52,91121,37946],{"class":947},[52,91123,91124,91126,91128],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91125,91117],{"class":58},[52,91127,202],{"class":66},[52,91129,29050],{"class":947},[52,91131,91132,91134,91136],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91133,91117],{"class":58},[52,91135,202],{"class":66},[52,91137,45024],{"class":947},[699,91139,91141],{"id":91140},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[43,91143,91145],{"className":45,"code":91144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91146,91147,91163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91150,5405],{"class":731},[52,91152,68984],{"class":58},[52,91154,3326],{"class":731},[52,91156,53508],{"class":134},[52,91158,138],{"class":66},[52,91160,1131],{"class":947},[52,91162,7789],{"class":66},[52,91164,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173,91175],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91166,757],{"class":134},[52,91168,138],{"class":66},[52,91170,71],{"class":70},[52,91172,34299],{"class":74},[52,91174,71],{"class":70},[52,91176,144],{"class":66},[20,91178,91179,91180,91182],{},"This prints ",[15,91181,89848],{}," five times.",[699,91184,91186],{"id":91185},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[43,91188,91190],{"className":45,"code":91189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91191,91192,91212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91193,91194,91196,91198,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91195,5405],{"class":731},[52,91197,68984],{"class":58},[52,91199,3326],{"class":731},[52,91201,53508],{"class":134},[52,91203,138],{"class":66},[52,91205,948],{"class":947},[52,91207,80],{"class":66},[52,91209,1896],{"class":947},[52,91211,7789],{"class":66},[52,91213,91214,91216,91218,91220,91223,91225,91227,91229],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91215,757],{"class":134},[52,91217,138],{"class":66},[52,91219,71],{"class":70},[52,91221,91222],{"class":74},"Current number is",[52,91224,71],{"class":70},[52,91226,80],{"class":66},[52,91228,35563],{"class":117},[52,91230,144],{"class":66},[20,91232,1509],{},[43,91234,91236],{"className":45,"code":91235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91237,91238,91247,91255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91239,91240,91243,91245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91241,91242],{"class":58},"Current number ",[52,91244,11637],{"class":62},[52,91246,29050],{"class":947},[52,91248,91249,91251,91253],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91250,91242],{"class":58},[52,91252,11637],{"class":62},[52,91254,45024],{"class":947},[52,91256,91257,91259,91261],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91258,91242],{"class":58},[52,91260,11637],{"class":62},[52,91262,2016],{"class":947},[699,91264,91266,91268],{"id":91265},"range-and-indexing",[15,91267,35632],{}," and indexing",[20,91270,91271],{},"You may see code like this:",[43,91273,91275],{"className":45,"code":91274,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91276,91277,91309,91313,91333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91278,91279,91281,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303,91305,91307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91280,59],{"class":58},[52,91282,63],{"class":62},[52,91284,3063],{"class":66},[52,91286,71],{"class":70},[52,91288,221],{"class":74},[52,91290,71],{"class":70},[52,91292,80],{"class":66},[52,91294,83],{"class":70},[52,91296,4204],{"class":74},[52,91298,71],{"class":70},[52,91300,80],{"class":66},[52,91302,83],{"class":70},[52,91304,9187],{"class":74},[52,91306,71],{"class":70},[52,91308,3076],{"class":66},[52,91310,91311],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91312,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,91314,91315,91317,91319,91321,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91316,5405],{"class":731},[52,91318,68984],{"class":58},[52,91320,3326],{"class":731},[52,91322,53508],{"class":134},[52,91324,138],{"class":66},[52,91326,1215],{"class":134},[52,91328,138],{"class":66},[52,91330,154],{"class":117},[52,91332,68999],{"class":66},[52,91334,91335,91337,91339,91341,91343,91345,91347,91349],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91336,757],{"class":134},[52,91338,138],{"class":66},[52,91340,35588],{"class":117},[52,91342,80],{"class":66},[52,91344,111],{"class":117},[52,91346,3344],{"class":66},[52,91348,35588],{"class":117},[52,91350,3332],{"class":66},[20,91352,1509],{},[43,91354,91355],{"className":45,"code":35600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91356,91357,91363,91369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91358,91359,91361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91360,1558],{"class":947},[52,91362,35609],{"class":58},[52,91364,91365,91367],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91366,948],{"class":947},[52,91368,35616],{"class":58},[52,91370,91371,91373],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91372,1047],{"class":947},[52,91374,35623],{"class":58},[20,91376,91377,91378,91382],{},"This works, and it uses ",[221,91379,91380],{"href":41792},[15,91381,41795],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91384,91385],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[43,91387,91389],{"className":45,"code":91388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91390,91391,91423,91427,91439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91394,59],{"class":58},[52,91396,63],{"class":62},[52,91398,3063],{"class":66},[52,91400,71],{"class":70},[52,91402,221],{"class":74},[52,91404,71],{"class":70},[52,91406,80],{"class":66},[52,91408,83],{"class":70},[52,91410,4204],{"class":74},[52,91412,71],{"class":70},[52,91414,80],{"class":66},[52,91416,83],{"class":70},[52,91418,9187],{"class":74},[52,91420,71],{"class":70},[52,91422,3076],{"class":66},[52,91424,91425],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91426,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,91428,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91430,5405],{"class":731},[52,91432,5408],{"class":58},[52,91434,3326],{"class":731},[52,91436,111],{"class":58},[52,91438,737],{"class":66},[52,91440,91441,91443,91445,91447],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91442,757],{"class":134},[52,91444,138],{"class":66},[52,91446,337],{"class":117},[52,91448,144],{"class":66},[20,91450,36025,91451,91456],{},[221,91452,91454],{"href":91453},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91455,35182],{}," is usually a better choice:",[43,91458,91460],{"className":45,"code":91459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91461,91462,91494,91498,91518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91463,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91465,59],{"class":58},[52,91467,63],{"class":62},[52,91469,3063],{"class":66},[52,91471,71],{"class":70},[52,91473,221],{"class":74},[52,91475,71],{"class":70},[52,91477,80],{"class":66},[52,91479,83],{"class":70},[52,91481,4204],{"class":74},[52,91483,71],{"class":70},[52,91485,80],{"class":66},[52,91487,83],{"class":70},[52,91489,9187],{"class":74},[52,91491,71],{"class":70},[52,91493,3076],{"class":66},[52,91495,91496],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91497,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,91499,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91501,5405],{"class":731},[52,91503,35254],{"class":58},[52,91505,80],{"class":66},[52,91507,5408],{"class":58},[52,91509,3326],{"class":731},[52,91511,35264],{"class":134},[52,91513,138],{"class":66},[52,91515,154],{"class":117},[52,91517,7789],{"class":66},[52,91519,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91521,757],{"class":134},[52,91523,138],{"class":66},[52,91525,35279],{"class":117},[52,91527,80],{"class":66},[52,91529,28942],{"class":117},[52,91531,144],{"class":66},[20,91533,78550,91534,114],{},[221,91535,36038,91536,36041],{"href":36037},[15,91537,35182],{},[38,91539,91541,91542,91544],{"id":91540},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91543,35632],{}," to a list",[20,91546,91547,91549],{},[15,91548,35632],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91551,91552,91553,202],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91554,24221],{},[43,91556,91558],{"className":45,"code":91557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91559,91560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91561,91562,91564,91566,91568,91570,91572,91574,91576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91563,135],{"class":134},[52,91565,138],{"class":66},[52,91567,7540],{"class":600},[52,91569,138],{"class":66},[52,91571,59434],{"class":134},[52,91573,138],{"class":66},[52,91575,1500],{"class":947},[52,91577,2350],{"class":66},[20,91579,1509],{},[43,91581,91583],{"className":45,"code":91582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91584,91585],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91586,91587,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597,91599],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91588,3344],{"class":66},[52,91590,1558],{"class":947},[52,91592,80],{"class":66},[52,91594,4944],{"class":947},[52,91596,80],{"class":66},[52,91598,953],{"class":947},[52,91600,3076],{"class":66},[20,91602,32743],{},[163,91604,91605,91610,91613],{},[166,91606,91607,91608,41519],{},"learning how ",[15,91609,35632],{},[166,91611,91612],{},"checking your values",[166,91614,91615],{},"debugging code",[20,91617,4918],{},[43,91619,91621],{"className":45,"code":91620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91622,91623,91637,91641,91651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91624,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633,91635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91626,940],{"class":58},[52,91628,63],{"class":62},[52,91630,53508],{"class":134},[52,91632,138],{"class":66},[52,91634,1943],{"class":947},[52,91636,144],{"class":66},[52,91638,91639],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91640,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,91642,91643,91645,91647,91649],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91644,135],{"class":134},[52,91646,138],{"class":66},[52,91648,1037],{"class":117},[52,91650,144],{"class":66},[52,91652,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91654,135],{"class":134},[52,91656,138],{"class":66},[52,91658,7540],{"class":600},[52,91660,138],{"class":66},[52,91662,1037],{"class":117},[52,91664,1222],{"class":66},[20,91666,1509],{},[43,91668,91670],{"className":45,"code":91669,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91671,91672,91686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91673,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682,91684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91675,59434],{"class":134},[52,91677,138],{"class":66},[52,91679,1558],{"class":947},[52,91681,80],{"class":66},[52,91683,1896],{"class":947},[52,91685,144],{"class":66},[52,91687,91688,91690,91692,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91689,3344],{"class":66},[52,91691,1558],{"class":947},[52,91693,80],{"class":66},[52,91695,4944],{"class":947},[52,91697,80],{"class":66},[52,91699,953],{"class":947},[52,91701,80],{"class":66},[52,91703,958],{"class":947},[52,91705,3076],{"class":66},[20,91707,91708,91709,897,91711,91714],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91710,59434],{},[15,91712,91713],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[38,91716,3961],{"id":3960},[20,91718,32972,91719,114],{},[15,91720,35632],{},[699,91722,91724],{"id":91723},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91726,91727],{},"Many beginners think this:",[43,91729,91731],{"className":45,"code":91730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91732,91733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91734,91735,91737,91739,91741,91743,91745,91747,91749,91751,91753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91736,135],{"class":134},[52,91738,138],{"class":66},[52,91740,7540],{"class":600},[52,91742,138],{"class":66},[52,91744,59434],{"class":134},[52,91746,138],{"class":66},[52,91748,948],{"class":947},[52,91750,80],{"class":66},[52,91752,4048],{"class":947},[52,91754,2350],{"class":66},[20,91756,91757],{},"will produce:",[43,91759,91761],{"className":45,"code":91760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91762,91763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91764,91765,91767,91769,91771,91773,91775,91777,91779,91781,91783,91785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91766,3344],{"class":66},[52,91768,948],{"class":947},[52,91770,80],{"class":66},[52,91772,953],{"class":947},[52,91774,80],{"class":66},[52,91776,958],{"class":947},[52,91778,80],{"class":66},[52,91780,1896],{"class":947},[52,91782,80],{"class":66},[52,91784,4048],{"class":947},[52,91786,3076],{"class":66},[20,91788,91789],{},"But the real output is:",[43,91791,91792],{"className":45,"code":52943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91793,91794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91795,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810,91812],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91797,3344],{"class":66},[52,91799,948],{"class":947},[52,91801,80],{"class":66},[52,91803,953],{"class":947},[52,91805,80],{"class":66},[52,91807,958],{"class":947},[52,91809,80],{"class":66},[52,91811,1896],{"class":947},[52,91813,3076],{"class":66},[20,91815,91816],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[699,91818,4022,91820,91822,91823],{"id":91819},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91821,90284],{}," starts at ",[15,91824,948],{},[20,91826,36900,91827,18403,91829,114],{},[15,91828,1558],{},[15,91830,948],{},[43,91832,91833],{"className":45,"code":90477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91834,91835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91836,91837,91839,91841,91843,91845,91847,91849,91851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91838,135],{"class":134},[52,91840,138],{"class":66},[52,91842,7540],{"class":600},[52,91844,138],{"class":66},[52,91846,59434],{"class":134},[52,91848,138],{"class":66},[52,91850,1131],{"class":947},[52,91852,2350],{"class":66},[20,91854,1509],{},[43,91856,91857],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91858,91859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91860,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869,91871,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91862,3344],{"class":66},[52,91864,1558],{"class":947},[52,91866,80],{"class":66},[52,91868,4944],{"class":947},[52,91870,80],{"class":66},[52,91872,953],{"class":947},[52,91874,80],{"class":66},[52,91876,958],{"class":947},[52,91878,80],{"class":66},[52,91880,1896],{"class":947},[52,91882,3076],{"class":66},[699,91884,91886],{"id":91885},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91888,91889,91890,202],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91891,2396],{},[43,91893,91895],{"className":45,"code":91894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91896,91897,91916,91920,91937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91898,91899,91902,91904,91906,91908,91910,91912,91914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91900,91901],{"class":58},"user_number ",[52,91903,63],{"class":62},[52,91905,7689],{"class":134},[52,91907,138],{"class":66},[52,91909,71],{"class":70},[52,91911,41305],{"class":74},[52,91913,71],{"class":70},[52,91915,144],{"class":66},[52,91917,91918],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91919,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,91921,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91935],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91923,5405],{"class":731},[52,91925,68984],{"class":58},[52,91927,3326],{"class":731},[52,91929,53508],{"class":134},[52,91931,138],{"class":66},[52,91933,91934],{"class":117},"user_number",[52,91936,7789],{"class":66},[52,91938,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,91940,757],{"class":134},[52,91942,138],{"class":66},[52,91944,35588],{"class":117},[52,91946,144],{"class":66},[20,91948,47946,91949,91951],{},[15,91950,2396],{}," returns a string.",[20,91953,10252],{},[43,91955,91957],{"className":45,"code":91956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91958,91959,91981,91985,92001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91960,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91962,91901],{"class":58},[52,91964,63],{"class":62},[52,91966,44711],{"class":600},[52,91968,138],{"class":66},[52,91970,41897],{"class":134},[52,91972,138],{"class":66},[52,91974,71],{"class":70},[52,91976,41305],{"class":74},[52,91978,71],{"class":70},[52,91980,1222],{"class":66},[52,91982,91983],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,91984,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,91986,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997,91999],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,91988,5405],{"class":731},[52,91990,68984],{"class":58},[52,91992,3326],{"class":731},[52,91994,53508],{"class":134},[52,91996,138],{"class":66},[52,91998,91934],{"class":117},[52,92000,7789],{"class":66},[52,92002,92003,92005,92007,92009],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92004,757],{"class":134},[52,92006,138],{"class":66},[52,92008,35588],{"class":117},[52,92010,144],{"class":66},[20,92012,92013,92014,114],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[221,92015,49960,92016],{"href":49959},[15,92017,49963],{},[699,92019,92021,92022,92024,92025],{"id":92020},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92023,35506],{}," smaller than ",[15,92026,74858],{},[20,92028,92029],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[43,92031,92032],{"className":45,"code":90959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92033,92034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92035,92036,92038,92040,92042,92044,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92037,135],{"class":134},[52,92039,138],{"class":66},[52,92041,7540],{"class":600},[52,92043,138],{"class":66},[52,92045,59434],{"class":134},[52,92047,138],{"class":66},[52,92049,948],{"class":947},[52,92051,80],{"class":66},[52,92053,4048],{"class":947},[52,92055,80],{"class":66},[52,92057,1660],{"class":62},[52,92059,948],{"class":947},[52,92061,2350],{"class":66},[20,92063,1509],{},[43,92065,92066],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92067,92068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92069,92070],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92071,37730],{"class":66},[20,92073,92074],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[699,92076,25057,92078],{"id":92077},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92079,92080],{},"step = 0",[20,92082,77001],{},[43,92084,92086],{"className":45,"code":92085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92087,92088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92089,92090,92092,92094,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92091,59434],{"class":134},[52,92093,138],{"class":66},[52,92095,948],{"class":947},[52,92097,80],{"class":66},[52,92099,5451],{"class":947},[52,92101,80],{"class":66},[52,92103,3276],{"class":947},[52,92105,144],{"class":66},[20,92107,92108],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[699,92110,4147,92112,92114],{"id":92111},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92113,35632],{}," is not a list",[20,92116,92117],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[43,92119,92121],{"className":45,"code":92120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92122,92123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92124,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92126,135],{"class":134},[52,92128,138],{"class":66},[52,92130,59434],{"class":134},[52,92132,138],{"class":66},[52,92134,1131],{"class":947},[52,92136,1222],{"class":66},[20,92138,1509],{},[43,92140,92142],{"className":45,"code":92141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92143,92144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92145,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92147,59434],{"class":134},[52,92149,138],{"class":66},[52,92151,1558],{"class":947},[52,92153,80],{"class":66},[52,92155,4048],{"class":947},[52,92157,144],{"class":66},[20,92159,92160],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[43,92162,92163],{"className":45,"code":90477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92164,92165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92166,92167,92169,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92168,135],{"class":134},[52,92170,138],{"class":66},[52,92172,7540],{"class":600},[52,92174,138],{"class":66},[52,92176,59434],{"class":134},[52,92178,138],{"class":66},[52,92180,1131],{"class":947},[52,92182,2350],{"class":66},[20,92184,1509],{},[43,92186,92187],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92188,92189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92190,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207,92209,92211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92192,3344],{"class":66},[52,92194,1558],{"class":947},[52,92196,80],{"class":66},[52,92198,4944],{"class":947},[52,92200,80],{"class":66},[52,92202,953],{"class":947},[52,92204,80],{"class":66},[52,92206,958],{"class":947},[52,92208,80],{"class":66},[52,92210,1896],{"class":947},[52,92212,3076],{"class":66},[38,92214,92216],{"id":92215},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92218,8322,92219,81772],{},[15,92220,35632],{},[43,92222,92224],{"className":45,"code":92223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92225,92226,92240,92258,92280,92308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92227,92228,92230,92232,92234,92236,92238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92229,135],{"class":134},[52,92231,138],{"class":66},[52,92233,59434],{"class":134},[52,92235,138],{"class":66},[52,92237,1131],{"class":947},[52,92239,1222],{"class":66},[52,92241,92242,92244,92246,92248,92250,92252,92254,92256],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92243,135],{"class":134},[52,92245,138],{"class":66},[52,92247,7540],{"class":600},[52,92249,138],{"class":66},[52,92251,59434],{"class":134},[52,92253,138],{"class":66},[52,92255,1131],{"class":947},[52,92257,2350],{"class":66},[52,92259,92260,92262,92264,92266,92268,92270,92272,92274,92276,92278],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,92261,135],{"class":134},[52,92263,138],{"class":66},[52,92265,7540],{"class":600},[52,92267,138],{"class":66},[52,92269,59434],{"class":134},[52,92271,138],{"class":66},[52,92273,1047],{"class":947},[52,92275,80],{"class":66},[52,92277,5806],{"class":947},[52,92279,2350],{"class":66},[52,92281,92282,92284,92286,92288,92290,92292,92294,92296,92298,92300,92302,92304,92306],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92283,135],{"class":134},[52,92285,138],{"class":66},[52,92287,7540],{"class":600},[52,92289,138],{"class":66},[52,92291,59434],{"class":134},[52,92293,138],{"class":66},[52,92295,1770],{"class":947},[52,92297,80],{"class":66},[52,92299,3276],{"class":947},[52,92301,80],{"class":66},[52,92303,1660],{"class":62},[52,92305,1047],{"class":947},[52,92307,2350],{"class":66},[52,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322,92324],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,92311,135],{"class":134},[52,92313,138],{"class":66},[52,92315,1231],{"class":600},[52,92317,138],{"class":66},[52,92319,59434],{"class":134},[52,92321,138],{"class":66},[52,92323,1131],{"class":947},[52,92325,2350],{"class":66},[20,92327,1255],{},[163,92329,92330,92333,92336],{},[166,92331,92332],{},"what values are being created",[166,92334,92335],{},"whether the direction is correct",[166,92337,92338,92339,24057],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92340,59434],{},[38,92342,1273],{"id":1272},[699,92344,1277,92346,92348],{"id":92345},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92347,35632],{}," include the last number?",[20,92350,92351],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[699,92353,4602,92355,92357,92358,1293],{"id":92354},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92356,90284],{}," start at ",[15,92359,1558],{},[20,92361,92362,92363,114],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92364,1558],{},[699,92366,4614,92368,92370],{"id":92367},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92369,35632],{}," count backward?",[20,92372,92373,92374,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92375,92376],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[699,92378,14343,92380,25483],{"id":92379},"is-range-a-list",[15,92381,35632],{},[20,92383,25486,92384,92386,92387,23378],{},[15,92385,59434],{}," object. Use ",[15,92388,92389],{},"list(range(...))",[699,92391,4602,92393,48120],{"id":92392},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92394,92395],{},"range(input())",[20,92397,92398,2923,92400,114],{},[15,92399,2396],{},[15,92401,92402],{},"int(input())",[38,92404,1332],{"id":1331},[163,92406,92407,92411,92417,92423,92429],{},[166,92408,92409],{},[221,92410,35462],{"href":35461},[166,92412,92413],{},[221,92414,3015,92415,2948],{"href":41792},[15,92416,41795],{},[166,92418,92419],{},[221,92420,3015,92421,2948],{"href":91453},[15,92422,35182],{},[166,92424,92425],{},[221,92426,36951,92427,36041],{"href":36037},[15,92428,35182],{},[166,92430,92431],{},[221,92432,49960,92433],{"href":49959},[15,92434,49963],{},[1364,92436,92437],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":92439},[92440,92441,92443,92449,92457,92464,92466,92478,92479,92491],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":90293,"depth":103,"text":92442},"What range() does",{"id":90386,"depth":103,"text":92444,"children":92445},"range() syntax",[92446,92447,92448],{"id":90466,"depth":124,"text":90469},{"id":90530,"depth":124,"text":90533},{"id":90598,"depth":124,"text":90601},{"id":90669,"depth":103,"text":90670,"children":92450},[92451,92452,92453,92454,92455],{"id":90676,"depth":124,"text":90284},{"id":90739,"depth":124,"text":90742},{"id":90803,"depth":124,"text":90806},{"id":90879,"depth":124,"text":90880},{"id":76245,"depth":124,"text":92456},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91038,"depth":103,"text":92458,"children":92459},"Using range() in a for loop",[92460,92461,92462],{"id":91140,"depth":124,"text":91141},{"id":91185,"depth":124,"text":91186},{"id":91265,"depth":124,"text":92463},"range() and indexing",{"id":91540,"depth":103,"text":92465},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":92467},[92468,92469,92471,92472,92474,92476],{"id":91723,"depth":124,"text":91724},{"id":91819,"depth":124,"text":92470},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91885,"depth":124,"text":91886},{"id":92020,"depth":124,"text":92473},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92077,"depth":124,"text":92475},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92111,"depth":124,"text":92477},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92215,"depth":103,"text":92216},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":92480},[92481,92483,92485,92487,92489],{"id":92345,"depth":124,"text":92482},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92354,"depth":124,"text":92484},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92367,"depth":124,"text":92486},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92379,"depth":124,"text":92488},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92392,"depth":124,"text":92490},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90187,"description":92492},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92499,"title":92500,"body":92501,"description":94174,"extension":1401,"meta":94175,"navigation":127,"path":94176,"seo":94177,"stem":94178,"__hash__":94179},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92502,"toc":94147},[92503,92512,92519,92536,92552,92554,92603,92611,92615,92618,92638,92640,92704,92706,92749,92752,92798,92800,92833,92843,92849,92857,92874,92876,92907,92909,92934,92939,92950,92953,93023,93025,93056,93061,93066,93083,93085,93136,93138,93171,93174,93181,93186,93190,93206,93208,93252,93254,93300,93303,93316,93321,93325,93339,93341,93392,93394,93427,93432,93434,93441,93443,93466,93468,93533,93535,93552,93555,93588,93590,93618,93628,93635,93639,93642,93660,93663,93691,93694,93712,93717,93723,93726,93748,93750,93778,93780,93783,93808,93811,93924,93926,94005,94007,94013,94018,94026,94034,94038,94041,94043,94076,94078,94086,94092,94099,94106,94109,94111,94144],[10,92504,3015,92506,897,92508,92511],{"id":92505},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92507,35632],{},[15,92509,92510],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92513,92514,803,92516,92518],{},[15,92515,35632],{},[15,92517,92510],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[163,92520,92521,92529],{},[166,92522,92523,92525,92526],{},[15,92524,35632],{}," creates a ",[30,92527,92528],{},"range object",[166,92530,92531,92525,92533],{},[15,92532,92510],{},[30,92534,92535],{},"real list",[20,92537,92538,92539,92541,92542,92545,92546,92548,92549,92551],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92540,90284],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92543,92544],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92547,35632],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92550,92510],{}," when you actually need a list.",[38,92553,3049],{"id":3048},[43,92555,92557],{"className":45,"code":92556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92558,92559,92573,92586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92560,92561,92563,92565,92567,92569,92571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92562,940],{"class":58},[52,92564,63],{"class":62},[52,92566,53508],{"class":134},[52,92568,138],{"class":66},[52,92570,1131],{"class":947},[52,92572,144],{"class":66},[52,92574,92575,92577,92579,92581,92583],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92576,135],{"class":134},[52,92578,138],{"class":66},[52,92580,1037],{"class":117},[52,92582,3102],{"class":66},[52,92584,92585],{"class":3105},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[52,92587,92588,92590,92592,92594,92596,92598,92600],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,92589,135],{"class":134},[52,92591,138],{"class":66},[52,92593,7540],{"class":600},[52,92595,138],{"class":66},[52,92597,1037],{"class":117},[52,92599,4807],{"class":66},[52,92601,92602],{"class":3105},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92604,799,92605,92607,92608,92610],{},[15,92606,35632],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92609,92510],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[38,92612,92614],{"id":92613},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92616,92617],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[163,92619,92620,92627,92632,92635],{},[166,92621,92622,21415,92624,92626],{},[15,92623,35632],{},[30,92625,92528],{},", not a list",[166,92628,92629,92631],{},[15,92630,92510],{}," converts that range object into a list",[166,92633,92634],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[166,92636,92637],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92639,267],{},[43,92641,92643],{"className":45,"code":92642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92644,92645,92660,92679,92683,92693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92646,92647,92650,92652,92654,92656,92658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92648,92649],{"class":58},"r ",[52,92651,63],{"class":62},[52,92653,53508],{"class":134},[52,92655,138],{"class":66},[52,92657,1131],{"class":947},[52,92659,144],{"class":66},[52,92661,92662,92665,92667,92669,92671,92673,92675,92677],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92663,92664],{"class":58},"lst ",[52,92666,63],{"class":62},[52,92668,22000],{"class":600},[52,92670,138],{"class":66},[52,92672,59434],{"class":134},[52,92674,138],{"class":66},[52,92676,1131],{"class":947},[52,92678,1222],{"class":66},[52,92680,92681],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,92682,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,92684,92685,92687,92689,92691],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92686,135],{"class":134},[52,92688,138],{"class":66},[52,92690,59941],{"class":117},[52,92692,144],{"class":66},[52,92694,92695,92697,92699,92702],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,92696,135],{"class":134},[52,92698,138],{"class":66},[52,92700,92701],{"class":117},"lst",[52,92703,144],{"class":66},[20,92705,1509],{},[43,92707,92709],{"className":45,"code":92708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92710,92711,92725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92712,92713,92715,92717,92719,92721,92723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92714,59434],{"class":134},[52,92716,138],{"class":66},[52,92718,1558],{"class":947},[52,92720,80],{"class":66},[52,92722,4048],{"class":947},[52,92724,144],{"class":66},[52,92726,92727,92729,92731,92733,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743,92745,92747],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92728,3344],{"class":66},[52,92730,1558],{"class":947},[52,92732,80],{"class":66},[52,92734,4944],{"class":947},[52,92736,80],{"class":66},[52,92738,953],{"class":947},[52,92740,80],{"class":66},[52,92742,958],{"class":947},[52,92744,80],{"class":66},[52,92746,1896],{"class":947},[52,92748,3076],{"class":66},[20,92750,92751],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[43,92753,92755],{"className":45,"code":92754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92756,92757,92775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92758,92759,92761,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92760,135],{"class":134},[52,92762,138],{"class":66},[52,92764,1231],{"class":600},[52,92766,138],{"class":66},[52,92768,59434],{"class":134},[52,92770,138],{"class":66},[52,92772,1131],{"class":947},[52,92774,2350],{"class":66},[52,92776,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785,92787,92789,92791,92793,92795],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92778,135],{"class":134},[52,92780,138],{"class":66},[52,92782,1231],{"class":600},[52,92784,138],{"class":66},[52,92786,7540],{"class":600},[52,92788,138],{"class":66},[52,92790,59434],{"class":134},[52,92792,138],{"class":66},[52,92794,1131],{"class":947},[52,92796,92797],{"class":66},"))))\n",[20,92799,1509],{},[43,92801,92803],{"className":45,"code":92802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92804,92805,92819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92806,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92808,2729],{"class":62},[52,92810,2732],{"class":1503},[52,92812,617],{"class":70},[52,92814,59434],{"class":74},[52,92816,608],{"class":70},[52,92818,2741],{"class":62},[52,92820,92821,92823,92825,92827,92829,92831],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92822,2729],{"class":62},[52,92824,2732],{"class":1503},[52,92826,617],{"class":70},[52,92828,7540],{"class":74},[52,92830,608],{"class":70},[52,92832,2741],{"class":62},[20,92834,92835,92836,92838,92839,114],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92837,35632],{}," works, see ",[221,92840,3015,92841,2948],{"href":92494},[15,92842,35632],{},[38,92844,194,92846,92848],{"id":92845},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92847,35632],{}," gives you",[20,92850,92851,92853,92854,92856],{},[15,92852,35632],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92855,5405],{}," loops.",[163,92858,92859,92862,92865,92868],{},[166,92860,92861],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[166,92863,92864],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[166,92866,92867],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[166,92869,92870,92871],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92872,92873],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92875,267],{},[43,92877,92879],{"className":45,"code":92878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92880,92881,92897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92882,92883,92885,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92884,5405],{"class":731},[52,92886,68984],{"class":58},[52,92888,3326],{"class":731},[52,92890,53508],{"class":134},[52,92892,138],{"class":66},[52,92894,1131],{"class":947},[52,92896,7789],{"class":66},[52,92898,92899,92901,92903,92905],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92900,757],{"class":134},[52,92902,138],{"class":66},[52,92904,35588],{"class":117},[52,92906,144],{"class":66},[20,92908,1509],{},[43,92910,92912],{"className":45,"code":92911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92913,92914,92918,92922,92926,92930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92915,92916],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92917,46687],{"class":947},[52,92919,92920],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92921,46352],{"class":947},[52,92923,92924],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,92925,16496],{"class":947},[52,92927,92928],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92929,46052],{"class":947},[52,92931,92932],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,92933,48086],{"class":947},[20,92935,20210,92936,92938],{},[15,92937,90284],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92940,92941,92942,92944,92945,114],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92943,35632],{}," is so common with ",[221,92946,3015,92948,90315],{"href":92947},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92949,5405],{},[20,92951,92952],{},"You can also inspect it:",[43,92954,92956],{"className":45,"code":92955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92957,92958,92980,92984,92994,93008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92959,92960,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92961,92649],{"class":58},[52,92963,63],{"class":62},[52,92965,53508],{"class":134},[52,92967,138],{"class":66},[52,92969,1047],{"class":947},[52,92971,80],{"class":66},[52,92973,5451],{"class":947},[52,92975,80],{"class":66},[52,92977,953],{"class":947},[52,92979,144],{"class":66},[52,92981,92982],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,92983,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,92985,92986,92988,92990,92992],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,92987,135],{"class":134},[52,92989,138],{"class":66},[52,92991,59941],{"class":117},[52,92993,144],{"class":66},[52,92995,92996,92998,93000,93002,93004,93006],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,92997,135],{"class":134},[52,92999,138],{"class":66},[52,93001,1215],{"class":134},[52,93003,138],{"class":66},[52,93005,59941],{"class":117},[52,93007,1222],{"class":66},[52,93009,93010,93012,93014,93016,93018,93021],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,93011,135],{"class":134},[52,93013,138],{"class":66},[52,93015,80026],{"class":947},[52,93017,20613],{"class":731},[52,93019,93020],{"class":117}," r",[52,93022,144],{"class":66},[20,93024,1509],{},[43,93026,93028],{"className":45,"code":93027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93029,93030,93048,93052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93031,93032,93034,93036,93038,93040,93042,93044,93046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93033,59434],{"class":134},[52,93035,138],{"class":66},[52,93037,1047],{"class":947},[52,93039,80],{"class":66},[52,93041,5451],{"class":947},[52,93043,80],{"class":66},[52,93045,953],{"class":947},[52,93047,144],{"class":66},[52,93049,93050],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93051,48086],{"class":947},[52,93053,93054],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93055,3424],{"class":3295},[38,93057,194,93059,92848],{"id":93058},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93060,92510],{},[20,93062,93063,93065],{},[15,93064,92510],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[163,93067,93068,93071,93074,93077],{},[166,93069,93070],{},"It creates all values at once",[166,93072,93073],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[166,93075,93076],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[166,93078,93079,93080,93082],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93081,35632],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93084,267],{},[43,93086,93088],{"className":45,"code":93087,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93089,93090,93108,93112,93122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93091,93092,93094,93096,93098,93100,93102,93104,93106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93093,940],{"class":58},[52,93095,63],{"class":62},[52,93097,22000],{"class":600},[52,93099,138],{"class":66},[52,93101,59434],{"class":134},[52,93103,138],{"class":66},[52,93105,1131],{"class":947},[52,93107,1222],{"class":66},[52,93109,93110],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93111,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,93113,93114,93116,93118,93120],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93115,135],{"class":134},[52,93117,138],{"class":66},[52,93119,1037],{"class":117},[52,93121,144],{"class":66},[52,93123,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93125,135],{"class":134},[52,93127,138],{"class":66},[52,93129,1037],{"class":117},[52,93131,3344],{"class":66},[52,93133,1047],{"class":947},[52,93135,3332],{"class":66},[20,93137,1509],{},[43,93139,93141],{"className":45,"code":93140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93142,93143,93167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93144,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163,93165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93146,3344],{"class":66},[52,93148,1558],{"class":947},[52,93150,80],{"class":66},[52,93152,4944],{"class":947},[52,93154,80],{"class":66},[52,93156,953],{"class":947},[52,93158,80],{"class":66},[52,93160,958],{"class":947},[52,93162,80],{"class":66},[52,93164,1896],{"class":947},[52,93166,3076],{"class":66},[52,93168,93169],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93170,16496],{"class":947},[20,93172,93173],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93175,93176,93177,114],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[221,93178,3015,93179,2948],{"href":64283},[15,93180,24221],{},[38,93182,894,93184],{"id":93183},"when-to-use-range",[15,93185,35632],{},[20,93187,799,93188,916],{},[15,93189,35632],{},[163,93191,93192,93197,93200,93203],{},[166,93193,93194,93195,91044],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93196,5405],{},[166,93198,93199],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[166,93201,93202],{},"You are working with large sequences",[166,93204,93205],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93207,267],{},[43,93209,93211],{"className":45,"code":93210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93212,93213,93233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93214,93215,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93216,5405],{"class":731},[52,93218,68984],{"class":58},[52,93220,3326],{"class":731},[52,93222,53508],{"class":134},[52,93224,138],{"class":66},[52,93226,948],{"class":947},[52,93228,80],{"class":66},[52,93230,37076],{"class":947},[52,93232,7789],{"class":66},[52,93234,93235,93237,93239,93241,93244,93246,93248,93250],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93236,757],{"class":134},[52,93238,138],{"class":66},[52,93240,71],{"class":70},[52,93242,93243],{"class":74},"Count:",[52,93245,71],{"class":70},[52,93247,80],{"class":66},[52,93249,35563],{"class":117},[52,93251,144],{"class":66},[20,93253,1509],{},[43,93255,93257],{"className":45,"code":93256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93258,93259,93268,93276,93284,93292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93260,93261,93264,93266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93262,93263],{"class":58},"Count",[52,93265,202],{"class":66},[52,93267,29050],{"class":947},[52,93269,93270,93272,93274],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93271,93263],{"class":58},[52,93273,202],{"class":66},[52,93275,45024],{"class":947},[52,93277,93278,93280,93282],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93279,93263],{"class":58},[52,93281,202],{"class":66},[52,93283,2016],{"class":947},[52,93285,93286,93288,93290],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93287,93263],{"class":58},[52,93289,202],{"class":66},[52,93291,23103],{"class":947},[52,93293,93294,93296,93298],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,93295,93263],{"class":58},[52,93297,202],{"class":66},[52,93299,34274],{"class":947},[20,93301,93302],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93304,93305,93306,93308,93309,61724,93311,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93307,35182],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93310,36031],{},[221,93312,36038,93314,36041],{"href":93313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93315,35182],{},[38,93317,894,93319],{"id":93318},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93320,92510],{},[20,93322,799,93323,916],{},[15,93324,92510],{},[163,93326,93327,93330,93333,93336],{},[166,93328,93329],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[166,93331,93332],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[166,93334,93335],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[166,93337,93338],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93340,267],{},[43,93342,93344],{"className":45,"code":93343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93345,93346,93364,93378,93382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93347,93348,93350,93352,93354,93356,93358,93360,93362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93349,940],{"class":58},[52,93351,63],{"class":62},[52,93353,22000],{"class":600},[52,93355,138],{"class":66},[52,93357,59434],{"class":134},[52,93359,138],{"class":66},[52,93361,1131],{"class":947},[52,93363,1222],{"class":66},[52,93365,93366,93368,93370,93372,93374,93376],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93367,1037],{"class":58},[52,93369,114],{"class":66},[52,93371,12992],{"class":117},[52,93373,138],{"class":66},[52,93375,1131],{"class":947},[52,93377,144],{"class":66},[52,93379,93380],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93381,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,93383,93384,93386,93388,93390],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93385,135],{"class":134},[52,93387,138],{"class":66},[52,93389,1037],{"class":117},[52,93391,144],{"class":66},[20,93393,1509],{},[43,93395,93397],{"className":45,"code":93396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93398,93399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93400,93401,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411,93413,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93402,3344],{"class":66},[52,93404,1558],{"class":947},[52,93406,80],{"class":66},[52,93408,4944],{"class":947},[52,93410,80],{"class":66},[52,93412,953],{"class":947},[52,93414,80],{"class":66},[52,93416,958],{"class":947},[52,93418,80],{"class":66},[52,93420,1896],{"class":947},[52,93422,80],{"class":66},[52,93424,4048],{"class":947},[52,93426,3076],{"class":66},[20,93428,5507,93429,93431],{},[15,93430,1037],{}," is a list.",[38,93433,15037],{"id":15036},[20,93435,93436,93438,93439,114],{},[15,93437,35632],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,93440,37030],{},[20,93442,360],{},[163,93444,93445,93447,93452,93457,93460],{},[166,93446,21425],{},[166,93448,93449,93450],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93451,41795],{},[166,93453,93454,93455],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93456,3326],{},[166,93458,93459],{},"You can index it",[166,93461,93462,93463,93465],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93464,52090],{}," do not work on it",[20,93467,267],{},[43,93469,93471],{"className":45,"code":93470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93472,93473,93487,93491,93505,93519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93474,93475,93477,93479,93481,93483,93485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93476,92649],{"class":58},[52,93478,63],{"class":62},[52,93480,53508],{"class":134},[52,93482,138],{"class":66},[52,93484,1131],{"class":947},[52,93486,144],{"class":66},[52,93488,93489],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93490,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,93492,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501,93503],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93494,135],{"class":134},[52,93496,138],{"class":66},[52,93498,59941],{"class":117},[52,93500,3344],{"class":66},[52,93502,1047],{"class":947},[52,93504,3332],{"class":66},[52,93506,93507,93509,93511,93513,93515,93517],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93508,135],{"class":134},[52,93510,138],{"class":66},[52,93512,1215],{"class":134},[52,93514,138],{"class":66},[52,93516,59941],{"class":117},[52,93518,1222],{"class":66},[52,93520,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,93522,135],{"class":134},[52,93524,138],{"class":66},[52,93526,1500],{"class":947},[52,93528,20613],{"class":731},[52,93530,93020],{"class":117},[52,93532,144],{"class":66},[20,93534,1509],{},[43,93536,93538],{"className":45,"code":93537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93539,93540,93544,93548],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93541,93542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93543,16496],{"class":947},[52,93545,93546],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93547,2385],{"class":947},[52,93549,93550],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93551,3424],{"class":3295},[20,93553,93554],{},"Now compare that with this:",[43,93556,93558],{"className":45,"code":93557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93559,93560,93574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93561,93562,93564,93566,93568,93570,93572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93563,92649],{"class":58},[52,93565,63],{"class":62},[52,93567,53508],{"class":134},[52,93569,138],{"class":66},[52,93571,1131],{"class":947},[52,93573,144],{"class":66},[52,93575,93576,93578,93580,93582,93584,93586],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93577,59941],{"class":58},[52,93579,114],{"class":66},[52,93581,12992],{"class":117},[52,93583,138],{"class":66},[52,93585,1131],{"class":947},[52,93587,144],{"class":66},[20,93589,1509],{},[43,93591,93593],{"className":45,"code":93592,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93594,93595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93596,93597,93599,93601,93603,93605,93607,93609,93612,93614,93616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93598,25112],{"class":600},[52,93600,202],{"class":66},[52,93602,617],{"class":70},[52,93604,59434],{"class":74},[52,93606,608],{"class":70},[52,93608,24057],{"class":600},[52,93610,93611],{"class":58}," has no attribute ",[52,93613,608],{"class":70},[52,93615,12992],{"class":74},[52,93617,689],{"class":70},[20,93619,93620,93621,1627,93623,1631,93625,93627],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93622,52090],{},[15,93624,900],{},[15,93626,63747],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93629,93630,93631,114],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[221,93632,25120,93633],{"href":34852},[15,93634,33687],{},[38,93636,93638],{"id":93637},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93640,93641],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[43,93643,93644],{"className":45,"code":92120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,93645,93646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93647,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93649,135],{"class":134},[52,93651,138],{"class":66},[52,93653,59434],{"class":134},[52,93655,138],{"class":66},[52,93657,1131],{"class":947},[52,93659,1222],{"class":66},[20,93661,93662],{},"to show:",[43,93664,93665],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,93666,93667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93668,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677,93679,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93670,3344],{"class":66},[52,93672,1558],{"class":947},[52,93674,80],{"class":66},[52,93676,4944],{"class":947},[52,93678,80],{"class":66},[52,93680,953],{"class":947},[52,93682,80],{"class":66},[52,93684,958],{"class":947},[52,93686,80],{"class":66},[52,93688,1896],{"class":947},[52,93690,3076],{"class":66},[20,93692,93693],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[43,93695,93696],{"className":45,"code":92141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,93697,93698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93699,93700,93702,93704,93706,93708,93710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93701,59434],{"class":134},[52,93703,138],{"class":66},[52,93705,1558],{"class":947},[52,93707,80],{"class":66},[52,93709,4048],{"class":947},[52,93711,144],{"class":66},[20,93713,4071,93714,93716],{},[30,93715,32],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93718,93719,93720,93722],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,93721,92528],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93724,93725],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[43,93727,93728],{"className":45,"code":90477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,93729,93730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93731,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93733,135],{"class":134},[52,93735,138],{"class":66},[52,93737,7540],{"class":600},[52,93739,138],{"class":66},[52,93741,59434],{"class":134},[52,93743,138],{"class":66},[52,93745,1131],{"class":947},[52,93747,2350],{"class":66},[20,93749,1509],{},[43,93751,93752],{"className":45,"code":59457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,93753,93754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93755,93756,93758,93760,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772,93774,93776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93757,3344],{"class":66},[52,93759,1558],{"class":947},[52,93761,80],{"class":66},[52,93763,4944],{"class":947},[52,93765,80],{"class":66},[52,93767,953],{"class":947},[52,93769,80],{"class":66},[52,93771,958],{"class":947},[52,93773,80],{"class":66},[52,93775,1896],{"class":947},[52,93777,3076],{"class":66},[38,93779,1158],{"id":1157},[20,93781,93782],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[163,93784,93785,93791,93794,93800],{},[166,93786,1185,93787,93790],{},[15,93788,93789],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[166,93792,93793],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[166,93795,93796,93797,93799],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93798,35632],{}," is iterable but not a list",[166,93801,1185,93802,93804,93805,93807],{},[15,93803,92510],{}," when plain ",[15,93806,35632],{}," would be simpler",[20,93809,93810],{},"These quick checks can help:",[43,93812,93814],{"className":45,"code":93813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93815,93816,93830,93848,93866,93888,93906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93817,93818,93820,93822,93824,93826,93828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93819,135],{"class":134},[52,93821,138],{"class":66},[52,93823,59434],{"class":134},[52,93825,138],{"class":66},[52,93827,1131],{"class":947},[52,93829,1222],{"class":66},[52,93831,93832,93834,93836,93838,93840,93842,93844,93846],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93833,135],{"class":134},[52,93835,138],{"class":66},[52,93837,7540],{"class":600},[52,93839,138],{"class":66},[52,93841,59434],{"class":134},[52,93843,138],{"class":66},[52,93845,1131],{"class":947},[52,93847,2350],{"class":66},[52,93849,93850,93852,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93851,135],{"class":134},[52,93853,138],{"class":66},[52,93855,1231],{"class":600},[52,93857,138],{"class":66},[52,93859,59434],{"class":134},[52,93861,138],{"class":66},[52,93863,1131],{"class":947},[52,93865,2350],{"class":66},[52,93867,93868,93870,93872,93874,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93869,135],{"class":134},[52,93871,138],{"class":66},[52,93873,1231],{"class":600},[52,93875,138],{"class":66},[52,93877,7540],{"class":600},[52,93879,138],{"class":66},[52,93881,59434],{"class":134},[52,93883,138],{"class":66},[52,93885,1131],{"class":947},[52,93887,92797],{"class":66},[52,93889,93890,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,93891,135],{"class":134},[52,93893,138],{"class":66},[52,93895,1500],{"class":947},[52,93897,20613],{"class":731},[52,93899,53508],{"class":134},[52,93901,138],{"class":66},[52,93903,1131],{"class":947},[52,93905,1222],{"class":66},[52,93907,93908,93910,93912,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,93909,135],{"class":134},[52,93911,138],{"class":66},[52,93913,1215],{"class":134},[52,93915,138],{"class":66},[52,93917,59434],{"class":134},[52,93919,138],{"class":66},[52,93921,1131],{"class":947},[52,93923,2350],{"class":66},[20,93925,1509],{},[43,93927,93929],{"className":45,"code":93928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93930,93931,93945,93969,93983,93997,94001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93932,93933,93935,93937,93939,93941,93943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93934,59434],{"class":134},[52,93936,138],{"class":66},[52,93938,1558],{"class":947},[52,93940,80],{"class":66},[52,93942,4048],{"class":947},[52,93944,144],{"class":66},[52,93946,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961,93963,93965,93967],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,93948,3344],{"class":66},[52,93950,1558],{"class":947},[52,93952,80],{"class":66},[52,93954,4944],{"class":947},[52,93956,80],{"class":66},[52,93958,953],{"class":947},[52,93960,80],{"class":66},[52,93962,958],{"class":947},[52,93964,80],{"class":66},[52,93966,1896],{"class":947},[52,93968,3076],{"class":66},[52,93970,93971,93973,93975,93977,93979,93981],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,93972,2729],{"class":62},[52,93974,2732],{"class":1503},[52,93976,617],{"class":70},[52,93978,59434],{"class":74},[52,93980,608],{"class":70},[52,93982,2741],{"class":62},[52,93984,93985,93987,93989,93991,93993,93995],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,93986,2729],{"class":62},[52,93988,2732],{"class":1503},[52,93990,617],{"class":70},[52,93992,7540],{"class":74},[52,93994,608],{"class":70},[52,93996,2741],{"class":62},[52,93998,93999],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,94000,3424],{"class":3295},[52,94002,94003],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,94004,2385],{"class":947},[38,94006,1273],{"id":1272},[699,94008,14343,94010,94012],{"id":94009},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94011,35632],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94014,45800,94015,94017],{},[15,94016,35632],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[699,94019,94021,94022,1326,94024,1293],{"id":94020},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94023,35632],{},[15,94025,92510],{},[20,94027,94028,94030,94031,94033],{},[15,94029,35632],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94032,92510],{}," creates a full list.",[699,94035,94037],{"id":94036},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94039,94040],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94042,267],{},[43,94044,94046],{"className":45,"code":94045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94047,94048,94062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94049,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94051,92649],{"class":58},[52,94053,63],{"class":62},[52,94055,53508],{"class":134},[52,94057,138],{"class":66},[52,94059,1131],{"class":947},[52,94061,144],{"class":66},[52,94063,94064,94066,94068,94070,94072,94074],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94065,135],{"class":134},[52,94067,138],{"class":66},[52,94069,59941],{"class":117},[52,94071,3344],{"class":66},[52,94073,948],{"class":947},[52,94075,3332],{"class":66},[20,94077,1509],{},[43,94079,94080],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94081,94082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94083,94084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94085,46352],{"class":947},[699,94087,4602,94089,94091],{"id":94088},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94090,93789],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94093,94094,94095,94098],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94096,94097],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[699,94100,94102,94103,94105],{"id":94101},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94104,35632],{}," to a list?",[20,94107,94108],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[38,94110,1332],{"id":1331},[163,94112,94113,94119,94125,94132,94138],{},[166,94114,94115],{},[221,94116,3015,94117,2948],{"href":92494},[15,94118,35632],{},[166,94120,94121],{},[221,94122,3015,94123,2948],{"href":64283},[15,94124,24221],{},[166,94126,94127],{},[221,94128,3015,94129,94131],{"href":92947},[15,94130,5405],{}," loops explained",[166,94133,94134],{},[221,94135,36951,94136,36041],{"href":93313},[15,94137,35182],{},[166,94139,94140],{},[221,94141,25562,94142],{"href":34852},[15,94143,33687],{},[1364,94145,94146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":94148},[94149,94150,94151,94153,94155,94157,94159,94160,94161,94162,94173],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":92613,"depth":103,"text":92614},{"id":92845,"depth":103,"text":94152},"What range() gives you",{"id":93058,"depth":103,"text":94154},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93183,"depth":103,"text":94156},"When to use range()",{"id":93318,"depth":103,"text":94158},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15036,"depth":103,"text":15037},{"id":93637,"depth":103,"text":93638},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":94163},[94164,94166,94168,94169,94171],{"id":94009,"depth":124,"text":94165},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94020,"depth":124,"text":94167},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94036,"depth":124,"text":94037},{"id":94088,"depth":124,"text":94170},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94101,"depth":124,"text":94172},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92500,"description":94174},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94181,"title":94182,"body":94183,"description":95619,"extension":1401,"meta":95620,"navigation":127,"path":95621,"seo":95622,"stem":95623,"__hash__":95624},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94184,"toc":95585},[94185,94191,94196,94199,94213,94216,94218,94257,94259,94272,94280,94285,94301,94304,94306,94308,94329,94346,94349,94408,94410,94429,94434,94440,94443,94477,94479,94492,94495,94540,94542,94565,94572,94578,94581,94622,94624,94638,94641,94699,94701,94716,94729,94735,94741,94806,94808,94827,94829,94847,94850,94854,94860,94862,94895,94897,94910,94920,94923,94984,94986,95007,95010,95012,95028,95033,95037,95042,95047,95103,95105,95123,95126,95171,95173,95181,95186,95190,95204,95206,95238,95240,95249,95251,95255,95264,95267,95299,95301,95313,95316,95320,95325,95366,95368,95376,95379,95402,95406,95408,95417,95420,95473,95475,95484,95488,95493,95504,95506,95515,95518,95524,95527,95533,95543,95551,95558,95560,95582],[10,94186,3015,94188,3019],{"id":94187},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94189,94190],{},"round()",[20,94192,8570,94193,94195],{},[15,94194,94190],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94197,94198],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[163,94200,94201,94207],{},[166,94202,94203,94206],{},[15,94204,94205],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[166,94208,94209,94212],{},[15,94210,94211],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94214,94215],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[38,94217,41],{"id":40},[43,94219,94221],{"className":45,"code":94220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94222,94223,94239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94224,94225,94227,94229,94232,94234,94237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94226,135],{"class":134},[52,94228,138],{"class":66},[52,94230,94231],{"class":134},"round",[52,94233,138],{"class":66},[52,94235,94236],{"class":947},"3.14159",[52,94238,1222],{"class":66},[52,94240,94241,94243,94245,94247,94249,94251,94253,94255],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94242,135],{"class":134},[52,94244,138],{"class":66},[52,94246,94231],{"class":134},[52,94248,138],{"class":66},[52,94250,94236],{"class":947},[52,94252,80],{"class":66},[52,94254,953],{"class":947},[52,94256,1222],{"class":66},[20,94258,1509],{},[43,94260,94262],{"className":45,"code":94261,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94263,94264,94268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94265,94266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94267,46052],{"class":947},[52,94269,94270],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94271,39610],{"class":947},[20,94273,799,94274,94276,94277,94279],{},[15,94275,94205],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94278,94211],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[38,94281,194,94283,197],{"id":94282},"what-round-does",[15,94284,94190],{},[163,94286,94287,94292,94295,94298],{},[166,94288,94289,94291],{},[15,94290,94190],{}," is a built-in Python function",[166,94293,94294],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[166,94296,94297],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[166,94299,94300],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94302,94303],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[38,94305,228],{"id":227},[20,94307,1597],{},[43,94309,94311],{"className":45,"code":94310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94312,94313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94314,94315,94317,94319,94321,94324,94327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94316,94231],{"class":134},[52,94318,138],{"class":66},[52,94320,1678],{"class":117},[52,94322,94323],{"class":66},"[,",[52,94325,94326],{"class":117}," ndigits",[52,94328,3332],{"class":66},[163,94330,94331,94336,94341],{},[166,94332,94333,94335],{},[15,94334,1678],{}," is the value to round",[166,94337,94338,19478],{},[15,94339,94340],{},"ndigits",[166,94342,94343,94345],{},[15,94344,94340],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94347,94348],{},"Basic examples:",[43,94350,94352],{"className":45,"code":94351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94353,94354,94369,94387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94355,94356,94358,94360,94362,94364,94367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94357,135],{"class":134},[52,94359,138],{"class":66},[52,94361,94231],{"class":134},[52,94363,138],{"class":66},[52,94365,94366],{"class":947},"7.8",[52,94368,1222],{"class":66},[52,94370,94371,94373,94375,94377,94379,94381,94383,94385],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94372,135],{"class":134},[52,94374,138],{"class":66},[52,94376,94231],{"class":134},[52,94378,138],{"class":66},[52,94380,94366],{"class":947},[52,94382,80],{"class":66},[52,94384,4944],{"class":947},[52,94386,1222],{"class":66},[52,94388,94389,94391,94393,94395,94397,94400,94402,94404,94406],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94390,135],{"class":134},[52,94392,138],{"class":66},[52,94394,94231],{"class":134},[52,94396,138],{"class":66},[52,94398,94399],{"class":947},"1234",[52,94401,80],{"class":66},[52,94403,1660],{"class":62},[52,94405,1047],{"class":947},[52,94407,1222],{"class":66},[20,94409,1509],{},[43,94411,94413],{"className":45,"code":94412,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94414,94415,94419,94424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94416,94417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94418,1821],{"class":947},[52,94420,94421],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94422,94423],{"class":947},"7.8\n",[52,94425,94426],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94427,94428],{"class":947},"1200\n",[20,94430,94431,94432,114],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[221,94433,1860],{"href":1859},[38,94435,1185,94437,94439],{"id":94436},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94438,94190],{}," with one argument",[20,94441,94442],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[43,94444,94446],{"className":45,"code":94445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94447,94448,94462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94449,94450,94452,94454,94456,94458,94460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94451,135],{"class":134},[52,94453,138],{"class":66},[52,94455,94231],{"class":134},[52,94457,138],{"class":66},[52,94459,1802],{"class":947},[52,94461,1222],{"class":66},[52,94463,94464,94466,94468,94470,94472,94475],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94465,135],{"class":134},[52,94467,138],{"class":66},[52,94469,94231],{"class":134},[52,94471,138],{"class":66},[52,94473,94474],{"class":947},"4.8",[52,94476,1222],{"class":66},[20,94478,1509],{},[43,94480,94482],{"className":45,"code":94481,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n5\n",[15,94483,94484,94488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94485,94486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94487,48086],{"class":947},[52,94489,94490],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94491,2385],{"class":947},[20,94493,94494],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[43,94496,94498],{"className":45,"code":94497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94499,94500,94516,94526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94501,94502,94504,94506,94509,94511,94514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94503,1668],{"class":58},[52,94505,63],{"class":62},[52,94507,94508],{"class":134}," round",[52,94510,138],{"class":66},[52,94512,94513],{"class":947},"10.2",[52,94515,144],{"class":66},[52,94517,94518,94520,94522,94524],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94519,135],{"class":134},[52,94521,138],{"class":66},[52,94523,1703],{"class":117},[52,94525,144],{"class":66},[52,94527,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94529,135],{"class":134},[52,94531,138],{"class":66},[52,94533,1231],{"class":600},[52,94535,138],{"class":66},[52,94537,1703],{"class":117},[52,94539,1222],{"class":66},[20,94541,1509],{},[43,94543,94545],{"className":45,"code":94544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94546,94547,94551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94548,94549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94550,1816],{"class":947},[52,94552,94553,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94554,2729],{"class":62},[52,94556,2732],{"class":1503},[52,94558,617],{"class":70},[52,94560,1626],{"class":74},[52,94562,608],{"class":70},[52,94564,2741],{"class":62},[20,94566,94567,94568,114],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[221,94569,3015,94570,2948],{"href":2313},[15,94571,2316],{},[38,94573,1185,94575,94577],{"id":94574},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94576,94190],{}," with decimal places",[20,94579,94580],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[43,94582,94584],{"className":45,"code":94583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94585,94586,94604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94587,94588,94590,94592,94594,94596,94598,94600,94602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94589,135],{"class":134},[52,94591,138],{"class":66},[52,94593,94231],{"class":134},[52,94595,138],{"class":66},[52,94597,94236],{"class":947},[52,94599,80],{"class":66},[52,94601,953],{"class":947},[52,94603,1222],{"class":66},[52,94605,94606,94608,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94607,135],{"class":134},[52,94609,138],{"class":66},[52,94611,94231],{"class":134},[52,94613,138],{"class":66},[52,94615,94236],{"class":947},[52,94617,80],{"class":66},[52,94619,958],{"class":947},[52,94621,1222],{"class":66},[20,94623,1509],{},[43,94625,94627],{"className":45,"code":94626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94628,94629,94633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94630,94631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94632,39610],{"class":947},[52,94634,94635],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94636,94637],{"class":947},"3.142\n",[20,94639,94640],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[43,94642,94644],{"className":45,"code":94643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94645,94646,94655,94674,94678,94688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94647,94648,94650,94652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94649,39820],{"class":58},[52,94651,63],{"class":62},[52,94653,94654],{"class":947}," 19.9876\n",[52,94656,94657,94660,94662,94664,94666,94668,94670,94672],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94658,94659],{"class":58},"rounded_price ",[52,94661,63],{"class":62},[52,94663,94508],{"class":134},[52,94665,138],{"class":66},[52,94667,24590],{"class":117},[52,94669,80],{"class":66},[52,94671,953],{"class":947},[52,94673,144],{"class":66},[52,94675,94676],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94677,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,94679,94680,94682,94684,94686],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94681,135],{"class":134},[52,94683,138],{"class":66},[52,94685,24590],{"class":117},[52,94687,144],{"class":66},[52,94689,94690,94692,94694,94697],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,94691,135],{"class":134},[52,94693,138],{"class":66},[52,94695,94696],{"class":117},"rounded_price",[52,94698,144],{"class":66},[20,94700,1509],{},[43,94702,94704],{"className":45,"code":94703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94705,94706,94711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94707,94708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94709,94710],{"class":947},"19.9876\n",[52,94712,94713],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94714,94715],{"class":947},"19.99\n",[20,94717,94718,94719,94722,94723,456,94725,114],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94720,94721],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[221,94724,40325],{"href":40324},[221,94726,3015,94727,2948],{"href":2319},[15,94728,2322],{},[38,94730,94732,94733],{"id":94731},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94734,94340],{},[20,94736,94737,94738,94740],{},"A negative ",[15,94739,94340],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[43,94742,94744],{"className":45,"code":94743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94745,94746,94766,94786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94747,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762,94764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94749,135],{"class":134},[52,94751,138],{"class":66},[52,94753,94231],{"class":134},[52,94755,138],{"class":66},[52,94757,94399],{"class":947},[52,94759,80],{"class":66},[52,94761,1660],{"class":62},[52,94763,948],{"class":947},[52,94765,1222],{"class":66},[52,94767,94768,94770,94772,94774,94776,94778,94780,94782,94784],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94769,135],{"class":134},[52,94771,138],{"class":66},[52,94773,94231],{"class":134},[52,94775,138],{"class":66},[52,94777,94399],{"class":947},[52,94779,80],{"class":66},[52,94781,1660],{"class":62},[52,94783,1047],{"class":947},[52,94785,1222],{"class":66},[52,94787,94788,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94804],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94789,135],{"class":134},[52,94791,138],{"class":66},[52,94793,94231],{"class":134},[52,94795,138],{"class":66},[52,94797,94399],{"class":947},[52,94799,80],{"class":66},[52,94801,1660],{"class":62},[52,94803,1500],{"class":947},[52,94805,1222],{"class":66},[20,94807,1509],{},[43,94809,94811],{"className":45,"code":94810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94812,94813,94818,94822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94814,94815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94816,94817],{"class":947},"1230\n",[52,94819,94820],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94821,94428],{"class":947},[52,94823,94824],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94825,94826],{"class":947},"1000\n",[20,94828,65020],{},[163,94830,94831,94836,94842],{},[166,94832,94833,94835],{},[15,94834,65290],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[166,94837,94838,94841],{},[15,94839,94840],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[166,94843,94844,94846],{},[15,94845,47106],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94848,94849],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[38,94851,94853],{"id":94852},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94855,94856,94857,114],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94858,94859],{},".5",[20,94861,4918],{},[43,94863,94865],{"className":45,"code":94864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94866,94867,94881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94868,94869,94871,94873,94875,94877,94879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94870,135],{"class":134},[52,94872,138],{"class":66},[52,94874,94231],{"class":134},[52,94876,138],{"class":66},[52,94878,40592],{"class":947},[52,94880,1222],{"class":66},[52,94882,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94884,135],{"class":134},[52,94886,138],{"class":66},[52,94888,94231],{"class":134},[52,94890,138],{"class":66},[52,94892,1478],{"class":947},[52,94894,1222],{"class":66},[20,94896,1509],{},[43,94898,94900],{"className":45,"code":94899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n4\n",[15,94901,94902,94906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94903,94904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94905,16496],{"class":947},[52,94907,94908],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94909,48086],{"class":947},[20,94911,94912,94913,94916,94917,94919],{},"Python uses ",[30,94914,94915],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94918,94859],{}," situations.",[20,94921,94922],{},"More examples:",[43,94924,94926],{"className":45,"code":94925,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94927,94928,94942,94956,94970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94929,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94931,135],{"class":134},[52,94933,138],{"class":66},[52,94935,94231],{"class":134},[52,94937,138],{"class":66},[52,94939,40605],{"class":947},[52,94941,1222],{"class":66},[52,94943,94944,94946,94948,94950,94952,94954],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94945,135],{"class":134},[52,94947,138],{"class":66},[52,94949,94231],{"class":134},[52,94951,138],{"class":66},[52,94953,40592],{"class":947},[52,94955,1222],{"class":66},[52,94957,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,94959,135],{"class":134},[52,94961,138],{"class":66},[52,94963,94231],{"class":134},[52,94965,138],{"class":66},[52,94967,1478],{"class":947},[52,94969,1222],{"class":66},[52,94971,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,94973,135],{"class":134},[52,94975,138],{"class":66},[52,94977,94231],{"class":134},[52,94979,138],{"class":66},[52,94981,40557],{"class":947},[52,94983,1222],{"class":66},[20,94985,1509],{},[43,94987,94989],{"className":45,"code":94988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94990,94991,94995,94999,95003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94992,94993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94994,16496],{"class":947},[52,94996,94997],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,94998,16496],{"class":947},[52,95000,95001],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95002,48086],{"class":947},[52,95004,95005],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95006,48086],{"class":947},[20,95008,95009],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95011,10158],{},[163,95013,95014,95021],{},[166,95015,95016,1572,95019],{},[15,95017,95018],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95020,1047],{},[166,95022,95023,1572,95026],{},[15,95024,95025],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95027,1943],{},[20,95029,2608,95030,95032],{},[15,95031,94859],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[38,95034,95036],{"id":95035},"return-values","Return values",[20,95038,95039,95041],{},[15,95040,94190],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95043,40339,95044,95046],{},[30,95045,32],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[43,95048,95050],{"className":45,"code":95049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95051,95052,95061,95065,95075,95093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95053,95054,95056,95058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95055,965],{"class":58},[52,95057,63],{"class":62},[52,95059,95060],{"class":947}," 3.14159\n",[52,95062,95063],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95064,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,95066,95067,95069,95071,95073],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95068,135],{"class":134},[52,95070,138],{"class":66},[52,95072,985],{"class":117},[52,95074,144],{"class":66},[52,95076,95077,95079,95081,95083,95085,95087,95089,95091],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95078,135],{"class":134},[52,95080,138],{"class":66},[52,95082,94231],{"class":134},[52,95084,138],{"class":66},[52,95086,985],{"class":117},[52,95088,80],{"class":66},[52,95090,953],{"class":947},[52,95092,1222],{"class":66},[52,95094,95095,95097,95099,95101],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,95096,135],{"class":134},[52,95098,138],{"class":66},[52,95100,985],{"class":117},[52,95102,144],{"class":66},[20,95104,1509],{},[43,95106,95108],{"className":45,"code":95107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95109,95110,95115,95119],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95111,95112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95113,95114],{"class":947},"3.14159\n",[52,95116,95117],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95118,39610],{"class":947},[52,95120,95121],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95122,95114],{"class":947},[20,95124,95125],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[43,95127,95129],{"className":45,"code":95128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95130,95131,95139,95157,95161],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95132,95133,95135,95137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95134,965],{"class":58},[52,95136,63],{"class":62},[52,95138,95060],{"class":947},[52,95140,95141,95143,95145,95147,95149,95151,95153,95155],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95142,965],{"class":58},[52,95144,63],{"class":62},[52,95146,94508],{"class":134},[52,95148,138],{"class":66},[52,95150,985],{"class":117},[52,95152,80],{"class":66},[52,95154,953],{"class":947},[52,95156,144],{"class":66},[52,95158,95159],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95160,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,95162,95163,95165,95167,95169],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95164,135],{"class":134},[52,95166,138],{"class":66},[52,95168,985],{"class":117},[52,95170,144],{"class":66},[20,95172,1509],{},[43,95174,95175],{"className":45,"code":39610,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95176,95177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95178,95179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95180,39610],{"class":947},[38,95182,894,95184],{"id":95183},"when-to-use-round",[15,95185,94190],{},[20,95187,799,95188,5764],{},[15,95189,94190],{},[163,95191,95192,95195,95198,95201],{},[166,95193,95194],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[166,95196,95197],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[166,95199,95200],{},"Round values before reporting results",[166,95202,95203],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95205,4918],{},[43,95207,95209],{"className":45,"code":95208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95210,95211,95220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95212,95213,95215,95217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95214,2035],{"class":58},[52,95216,63],{"class":62},[52,95218,95219],{"class":947}," 12.67891\n",[52,95221,95222,95224,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234,95236],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95223,135],{"class":134},[52,95225,138],{"class":66},[52,95227,94231],{"class":134},[52,95229,138],{"class":66},[52,95231,2058],{"class":117},[52,95233,80],{"class":66},[52,95235,953],{"class":947},[52,95237,1222],{"class":66},[20,95239,1509],{},[43,95241,95243],{"className":45,"code":95242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"12.68\n",[15,95244,95245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95246,95247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95248,95242],{"class":947},[38,95250,1158],{"id":1157},[20,95252,22535,95253,114],{},[15,95254,94190],{},[699,95256,1174,95258,95260,95261,95263],{"id":95257},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95259,94190],{}," to always round ",[15,95262,94859],{}," upward",[20,95265,95266],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[43,95268,95269],{"className":45,"code":94864,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95270,95271,95285],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95272,95273,95275,95277,95279,95281,95283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95274,135],{"class":134},[52,95276,138],{"class":66},[52,95278,94231],{"class":134},[52,95280,138],{"class":66},[52,95282,40592],{"class":947},[52,95284,1222],{"class":66},[52,95286,95287,95289,95291,95293,95295,95297],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95288,135],{"class":134},[52,95290,138],{"class":66},[52,95292,94231],{"class":134},[52,95294,138],{"class":66},[52,95296,1478],{"class":947},[52,95298,1222],{"class":66},[20,95300,1509],{},[43,95302,95303],{"className":45,"code":94899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95304,95305,95309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95306,95307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95308,16496],{"class":947},[52,95310,95311],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95312,48086],{"class":947},[20,95314,95315],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[699,95317,95319],{"id":95318},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95321,95322,95324],{},[15,95323,94190],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[43,95326,95328],{"className":45,"code":95327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95329,95330,95338,95352,95356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95331,95332,95334,95336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95333,965],{"class":58},[52,95335,63],{"class":62},[52,95337,95060],{"class":947},[52,95339,95340,95342,95344,95346,95348,95350],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95341,94231],{"class":134},[52,95343,138],{"class":66},[52,95345,985],{"class":117},[52,95347,80],{"class":66},[52,95349,953],{"class":947},[52,95351,144],{"class":66},[52,95353,95354],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95355,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,95357,95358,95360,95362,95364],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95359,135],{"class":134},[52,95361,138],{"class":66},[52,95363,985],{"class":117},[52,95365,144],{"class":66},[20,95367,1509],{},[43,95369,95370],{"className":45,"code":95114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95371,95372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95373,95374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95375,95114],{"class":947},[20,95377,95378],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[43,95380,95382],{"className":45,"code":95381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95383,95384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95385,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95387,965],{"class":58},[52,95389,63],{"class":62},[52,95391,94508],{"class":134},[52,95393,138],{"class":66},[52,95395,985],{"class":117},[52,95397,80],{"class":66},[52,95399,953],{"class":947},[52,95401,144],{"class":66},[699,95403,95405],{"id":95404},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95407,15840],{},[43,95409,95411],{"className":45,"code":95410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95412,95413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95414,95415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95416,95410],{"class":3105},[20,95418,95419],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[43,95421,95423],{"className":45,"code":95422,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95424,95425,95437,95451,95455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95426,95427,95429,95431,95433,95435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95428,34120],{"class":58},[52,95430,63],{"class":62},[52,95432,83],{"class":70},[52,95434,39576],{"class":74},[52,95436,2797],{"class":70},[52,95438,95439,95441,95443,95445,95447,95449],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95440,1655],{"class":58},[52,95442,63],{"class":62},[52,95444,39688],{"class":600},[52,95446,138],{"class":66},[52,95448,34141],{"class":117},[52,95450,144],{"class":66},[52,95452,95453],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95454,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,95456,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467,95469,95471],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95458,135],{"class":134},[52,95460,138],{"class":66},[52,95462,94231],{"class":134},[52,95464,138],{"class":66},[52,95466,1678],{"class":117},[52,95468,80],{"class":66},[52,95470,4944],{"class":947},[52,95472,1222],{"class":66},[20,95474,1509],{},[43,95476,95478],{"className":45,"code":95477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.1\n",[15,95479,95480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95481,95482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95483,95477],{"class":947},[699,95485,95487],{"id":95486},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95489,95490,95492],{},[15,95491,94190],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95494,95495,95496,456,95500,114],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[221,95497,95498],{"href":2319},[15,95499,2322],{},[221,95501,95502],{"href":2313},[15,95503,2316],{},[38,95505,1273],{"id":1272},[699,95507,1277,95509,95511,95512,95514],{"id":95508},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95510,94190],{}," always round ",[15,95513,39647],{}," up?",[20,95516,95517],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[699,95519,1277,95521,95523],{"id":95520},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95522,94190],{}," change the original number?",[20,95525,95526],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[699,95528,4614,95530,95532],{"id":95529},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95531,94190],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95534,95535,95536,95538,95539,456,95541,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95537,94340],{}," value like ",[15,95540,65290],{},[15,95542,94840],{},[699,95544,27767,95546,95548,95549,1293],{"id":95545},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95547,94190],{}," on a string like ",[15,95550,47530],{},[20,95552,95553,95554,456,95556,114],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95555,2322],{},[15,95557,2316],{},[38,95559,1332],{"id":1331},[163,95561,95562,95568,95574,95578],{},[166,95563,95564],{},[221,95565,3015,95566,2948],{"href":2319},[15,95567,2322],{},[166,95569,95570],{},[221,95571,3015,95572,2948],{"href":2313},[15,95573,2316],{},[166,95575,95576],{},[221,95577,1860],{"href":1859},[166,95579,95580],{},[221,95581,41615],{"href":40324},[1364,95583,95584],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":95586},[95587,95588,95590,95591,95593,95595,95597,95598,95599,95601,95608,95618],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":94282,"depth":103,"text":95589},"What round() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":94436,"depth":103,"text":95592},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94574,"depth":103,"text":95594},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94731,"depth":103,"text":95596},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94852,"depth":103,"text":94853},{"id":95035,"depth":103,"text":95036},{"id":95183,"depth":103,"text":95600},"When to use round()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":95602},[95603,95605,95606,95607],{"id":95257,"depth":124,"text":95604},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95318,"depth":124,"text":95319},{"id":95404,"depth":124,"text":95405},{"id":95486,"depth":124,"text":95487},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":95609},[95610,95612,95614,95616],{"id":95508,"depth":124,"text":95611},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95520,"depth":124,"text":95613},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95529,"depth":124,"text":95615},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95545,"depth":124,"text":95617},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94182,"description":95619},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95626,"title":95627,"body":95628,"description":96808,"extension":1401,"meta":96809,"navigation":127,"path":96810,"seo":96811,"stem":96812,"__hash__":96813},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95629,"toc":96782},[95630,95636,95642,95645,95647,95696,95700,95725,95730,95735,95740,95754,95763,95765,95784,95786,95802,95805,95816,95818,95820,95881,95885,95918,95925,95932,95935,95968,95971,95975,95978,96031,96035,96056,96062,96069,96076,96137,96145,96222,96226,96238,96246,96248,96254,96260,96264,96317,96320,96377,96381,96389,96392,96396,96399,96409,96411,96508,96511,96522,96525,96568,96572,96596,96599,96605,96607,96611,96636,96638,96705,96714,96716,96722,96727,96731,96734,96738,96745,96749,96754,96756,96773,96779],[10,95631,13,95633,18],{"id":95632},"python-set-add-method",[15,95634,95635],{},"add()",[20,95637,95638,95641],{},[15,95639,95640],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95643,95644],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,95646,41],{"id":40},[43,95648,95650],{"className":45,"code":95649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95651,95652,95672,95686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95653,95654,95656,95658,95660,95662,95664,95666,95668,95670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95655,940],{"class":58},[52,95657,63],{"class":62},[52,95659,67],{"class":66},[52,95661,948],{"class":947},[52,95663,80],{"class":66},[52,95665,953],{"class":947},[52,95667,80],{"class":66},[52,95669,958],{"class":947},[52,95671,100],{"class":66},[52,95673,95674,95676,95678,95680,95682,95684],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95675,1037],{"class":58},[52,95677,114],{"class":66},[52,95679,81538],{"class":117},[52,95681,138],{"class":66},[52,95683,1943],{"class":947},[52,95685,144],{"class":66},[52,95687,95688,95690,95692,95694],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95689,135],{"class":134},[52,95691,138],{"class":66},[52,95693,1037],{"class":117},[52,95695,144],{"class":66},[20,95697,95698],{},[30,95699,1509],{},[43,95701,95703],{"className":45,"code":95702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95704,95705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95706,95707,95709,95711,95713,95715,95717,95719,95721,95723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95708,8726],{"class":66},[52,95710,948],{"class":947},[52,95712,80],{"class":66},[52,95714,953],{"class":947},[52,95716,80],{"class":66},[52,95718,958],{"class":947},[52,95720,80],{"class":66},[52,95722,1896],{"class":947},[52,95724,100],{"class":66},[20,95726,799,95727,95729],{},[15,95728,95635],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,95731,194,95733,197],{"id":95732},"what-setadd-does",[15,95734,95640],{},[20,95736,95737,95739],{},[15,95738,95640],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[163,95741,95742,95745,95748,95751],{},[166,95743,95744],{},"Adds one item to a set",[166,95746,95747],{},"Changes the original set in place",[166,95749,95750],{},"Does not return a new set",[166,95752,95753],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95755,219,95756,456,95759,114],{},[221,95757,224],{"href":95758},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained",[221,95760,95762],{"href":95761},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[38,95764,228],{"id":227},[43,95766,95768],{"className":45,"code":95767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95769,95770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95771,95772,95774,95776,95778,95780,95782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95773,238],{"class":58},[52,95775,114],{"class":66},[52,95777,81538],{"class":117},[52,95779,138],{"class":66},[52,95781,337],{"class":117},[52,95783,144],{"class":66},[20,95785,10900],{},[163,95787,95788,95793,95796],{},[166,95789,55344,95790,95792],{},[15,95791,95635],{}," on an existing set",[166,95794,95795],{},"Pass exactly one item",[166,95797,95798,95799],{},"The item must be ",[30,95800,95801],{},"hashable",[20,95803,95804],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[163,95806,95807,95809,95811,95814],{},[166,95808,55897],{},[166,95810,55900],{},[166,95812,95813],{},"Tuples",[166,95815,40028],{},[38,95817,10917],{"id":10916},[20,95819,10920],{},[43,95821,95823],{"className":45,"code":95822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95824,95825,95849,95867,95871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95826,95827,95829,95831,95833,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95828,277],{"class":58},[52,95830,63],{"class":62},[52,95832,67],{"class":66},[52,95834,71],{"class":70},[52,95836,286],{"class":74},[52,95838,71],{"class":70},[52,95840,80],{"class":66},[52,95842,83],{"class":70},[52,95844,295],{"class":74},[52,95846,71],{"class":70},[52,95848,100],{"class":66},[52,95850,95851,95853,95855,95857,95859,95861,95863,95865],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,95852,348],{"class":58},[52,95854,114],{"class":66},[52,95856,81538],{"class":117},[52,95858,138],{"class":66},[52,95860,71],{"class":70},[52,95862,304],{"class":74},[52,95864,71],{"class":70},[52,95866,144],{"class":66},[52,95868,95869],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,95870,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,95872,95873,95875,95877,95879],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,95874,135],{"class":134},[52,95876,138],{"class":66},[52,95878,348],{"class":117},[52,95880,144],{"class":66},[20,95882,95883],{},[30,95884,577],{},[43,95886,95888],{"className":45,"code":95887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95889,95890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95891,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900,95902,95904,95906,95908,95910,95912,95914,95916],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95893,8726],{"class":66},[52,95895,608],{"class":70},[52,95897,286],{"class":74},[52,95899,608],{"class":70},[52,95901,80],{"class":66},[52,95903,617],{"class":70},[52,95905,304],{"class":74},[52,95907,608],{"class":70},[52,95909,80],{"class":66},[52,95911,617],{"class":70},[52,95913,295],{"class":74},[52,95915,608],{"class":70},[52,95917,100],{"class":66},[20,95919,95920,95921,95924],{},"The new value ",[15,95922,95923],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95926,95927,95928,95931],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,95929,95930],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95933,95934],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[43,95936,95938],{"className":45,"code":95937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95939,95940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95941,95942,95944,95946,95948,95950,95952,95954,95956,95958,95960,95962,95964,95966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95943,8726],{"class":66},[52,95945,608],{"class":70},[52,95947,295],{"class":74},[52,95949,608],{"class":70},[52,95951,80],{"class":66},[52,95953,617],{"class":70},[52,95955,286],{"class":74},[52,95957,608],{"class":70},[52,95959,80],{"class":66},[52,95961,617],{"class":70},[52,95963,304],{"class":74},[52,95965,608],{"class":70},[52,95967,100],{"class":66},[20,95969,95970],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[38,95972,95974],{"id":95973},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95976,95977],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[43,95979,95981],{"className":45,"code":95980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95982,95983,96003,96017,96021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95984,95985,95987,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95986,940],{"class":58},[52,95988,63],{"class":62},[52,95990,67],{"class":66},[52,95992,948],{"class":947},[52,95994,80],{"class":66},[52,95996,953],{"class":947},[52,95998,80],{"class":66},[52,96000,958],{"class":947},[52,96002,100],{"class":66},[52,96004,96005,96007,96009,96011,96013,96015],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96006,1037],{"class":58},[52,96008,114],{"class":66},[52,96010,81538],{"class":117},[52,96012,138],{"class":66},[52,96014,1047],{"class":947},[52,96016,144],{"class":66},[52,96018,96019],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96020,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96022,96023,96025,96027,96029],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96024,135],{"class":134},[52,96026,138],{"class":66},[52,96028,1037],{"class":117},[52,96030,144],{"class":66},[20,96032,96033],{},[30,96034,1509],{},[43,96036,96038],{"className":45,"code":96037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96039,96040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96041,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052,96054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96043,8726],{"class":66},[52,96045,948],{"class":947},[52,96047,80],{"class":66},[52,96049,953],{"class":947},[52,96051,80],{"class":66},[52,96053,958],{"class":947},[52,96055,100],{"class":66},[20,96057,96058,96059,96061],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96060,1047],{}," was already present.",[38,96063,96065,897,96067],{"id":96064},"add-vs-update",[15,96066,95635],{},[15,96068,14394],{},[20,96070,799,96071,96073,96074,114],{},[15,96072,95635],{}," when you want to add ",[30,96075,52094],{},[43,96077,96079],{"className":45,"code":96078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96080,96081,96105,96123,96127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96082,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96084,35524],{"class":58},[52,96086,63],{"class":62},[52,96088,67],{"class":66},[52,96090,71],{"class":70},[52,96092,221],{"class":74},[52,96094,71],{"class":70},[52,96096,80],{"class":66},[52,96098,83],{"class":70},[52,96100,4204],{"class":74},[52,96102,71],{"class":70},[52,96104,100],{"class":66},[52,96106,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96108,35577],{"class":58},[52,96110,114],{"class":66},[52,96112,81538],{"class":117},[52,96114,138],{"class":66},[52,96116,71],{"class":70},[52,96118,9187],{"class":74},[52,96120,71],{"class":70},[52,96122,144],{"class":66},[52,96124,96125],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96126,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96128,96129,96131,96133,96135],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96130,135],{"class":134},[52,96132,138],{"class":66},[52,96134,35577],{"class":117},[52,96136,144],{"class":66},[20,96138,799,96139,96073,96141,96144],{},[15,96140,14394],{},[30,96142,96143],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[43,96146,96148],{"className":45,"code":96147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96149,96150,96174,96208,96212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96151,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162,96164,96166,96168,96170,96172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96153,35524],{"class":58},[52,96155,63],{"class":62},[52,96157,67],{"class":66},[52,96159,71],{"class":70},[52,96161,221],{"class":74},[52,96163,71],{"class":70},[52,96165,80],{"class":66},[52,96167,83],{"class":70},[52,96169,4204],{"class":74},[52,96171,71],{"class":70},[52,96173,100],{"class":66},[52,96175,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188,96190,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202,96204,96206],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96177,35577],{"class":58},[52,96179,114],{"class":66},[52,96181,29894],{"class":117},[52,96183,2424],{"class":66},[52,96185,71],{"class":70},[52,96187,9187],{"class":74},[52,96189,71],{"class":70},[52,96191,80],{"class":66},[52,96193,83],{"class":70},[52,96195,18207],{"class":74},[52,96197,71],{"class":70},[52,96199,80],{"class":66},[52,96201,83],{"class":70},[52,96203,59883],{"class":74},[52,96205,71],{"class":70},[52,96207,3332],{"class":66},[52,96209,96210],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96211,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96213,96214,96216,96218,96220],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96215,135],{"class":134},[52,96217,138],{"class":66},[52,96219,35577],{"class":117},[52,96221,144],{"class":66},[699,96223,96225],{"id":96224},"key-difference","Key difference",[163,96227,96228,96233],{},[166,96229,96230,96232],{},[15,96231,95635],{}," adds one item",[166,96234,96235,96237],{},[15,96236,14394],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96239,96240,96241,114],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[221,96242,1343,96244,1070],{"href":96243},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",[15,96245,14394],{},[38,96247,16859],{"id":16858},[20,96249,96250,1837,96252,114],{},[15,96251,95640],{},[15,96253,3220],{},[20,96255,96256,96257,96259],{},"That means you should ",[30,96258,32],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[699,96261,96263],{"id":96262},"correct","Correct",[43,96265,96267],{"className":45,"code":96266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96268,96269,96289,96303,96307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96270,96271,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283,96285,96287],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96272,15069],{"class":58},[52,96274,63],{"class":62},[52,96276,67],{"class":66},[52,96278,948],{"class":947},[52,96280,80],{"class":66},[52,96282,953],{"class":947},[52,96284,80],{"class":66},[52,96286,958],{"class":947},[52,96288,100],{"class":66},[52,96290,96291,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96292,238],{"class":58},[52,96294,114],{"class":66},[52,96296,81538],{"class":117},[52,96298,138],{"class":66},[52,96300,1943],{"class":947},[52,96302,144],{"class":66},[52,96304,96305],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96306,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96308,96309,96311,96313,96315],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96310,135],{"class":134},[52,96312,138],{"class":66},[52,96314,238],{"class":117},[52,96316,144],{"class":66},[699,96318,96319],{"id":61205},"Wrong",[43,96321,96323],{"className":45,"code":96322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96324,96325,96345,96363,96367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96326,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335,96337,96339,96341,96343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96328,15069],{"class":58},[52,96330,63],{"class":62},[52,96332,67],{"class":66},[52,96334,948],{"class":947},[52,96336,80],{"class":66},[52,96338,953],{"class":947},[52,96340,80],{"class":66},[52,96342,958],{"class":947},[52,96344,100],{"class":66},[52,96346,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96348,15069],{"class":58},[52,96350,63],{"class":62},[52,96352,1246],{"class":58},[52,96354,114],{"class":66},[52,96356,81538],{"class":117},[52,96358,138],{"class":66},[52,96360,1943],{"class":947},[52,96362,144],{"class":66},[52,96364,96365],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96366,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96368,96369,96371,96373,96375],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96370,135],{"class":134},[52,96372,138],{"class":66},[52,96374,238],{"class":117},[52,96376,144],{"class":66},[20,96378,96379],{},[30,96380,1509],{},[43,96382,96383],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,96384,96385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96386,96387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96388,11251],{"class":3295},[20,96390,96391],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[38,96393,96395],{"id":96394},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96397,96398],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[163,96400,96401,96403,96405,96407],{},[166,96402,55897],{},[166,96404,55900],{},[166,96406,95813],{},[166,96408,40028],{},[20,96410,267],{},[43,96412,96414],{"className":45,"code":96413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96415,96416,96426,96430,96444,96462,96480,96494,96498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96417,96418,96420,96422,96424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96419,59],{"class":58},[52,96421,63],{"class":62},[52,96423,655],{"class":600},[52,96425,121],{"class":66},[52,96427,96428],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96429,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96431,96432,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96433,154],{"class":58},[52,96435,114],{"class":66},[52,96437,81538],{"class":117},[52,96439,138],{"class":66},[52,96441,1770],{"class":947},[52,96443,144],{"class":66},[52,96445,96446,96448,96450,96452,96454,96456,96458,96460],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96447,154],{"class":58},[52,96449,114],{"class":66},[52,96451,81538],{"class":117},[52,96453,138],{"class":66},[52,96455,71],{"class":70},[52,96457,3288],{"class":74},[52,96459,71],{"class":70},[52,96461,144],{"class":66},[52,96463,96464,96466,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,96465,154],{"class":58},[52,96467,114],{"class":66},[52,96469,81538],{"class":117},[52,96471,4957],{"class":66},[52,96473,948],{"class":947},[52,96475,80],{"class":66},[52,96477,953],{"class":947},[52,96479,1222],{"class":66},[52,96481,96482,96484,96486,96488,96490,96492],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,96483,154],{"class":58},[52,96485,114],{"class":66},[52,96487,81538],{"class":117},[52,96489,138],{"class":66},[52,96491,3044],{"class":3295},[52,96493,144],{"class":66},[52,96495,96496],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,96497,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,96499,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,96501,135],{"class":134},[52,96503,138],{"class":66},[52,96505,154],{"class":117},[52,96507,144],{"class":66},[20,96509,96510],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[163,96512,96513,96516,96519],{},[166,96514,96515],{},"Lists",[166,96517,96518],{},"Dictionaries",[166,96520,96521],{},"Sets",[20,96523,96524],{},"Example that causes an error:",[43,96526,96528],{"className":45,"code":96527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96529,96530,96550],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96531,96532,96534,96536,96538,96540,96542,96544,96546,96548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96533,59],{"class":58},[52,96535,63],{"class":62},[52,96537,67],{"class":66},[52,96539,948],{"class":947},[52,96541,80],{"class":66},[52,96543,953],{"class":947},[52,96545,80],{"class":66},[52,96547,958],{"class":947},[52,96549,100],{"class":66},[52,96551,96552,96554,96556,96558,96560,96562,96564,96566],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96553,154],{"class":58},[52,96555,114],{"class":66},[52,96557,81538],{"class":117},[52,96559,2424],{"class":66},[52,96561,1943],{"class":947},[52,96563,80],{"class":66},[52,96565,4048],{"class":947},[52,96567,3332],{"class":66},[20,96569,96570],{},[30,96571,29115],{},[43,96573,96575],{"className":45,"code":96574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96576,96577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96578,96579,96581,96583,96586,96588,96590,96592,96594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96580,2443],{"class":600},[52,96582,202],{"class":66},[52,96584,96585],{"class":58}," unhashable ",[52,96587,1231],{"class":600},[52,96589,202],{"class":66},[52,96591,617],{"class":70},[52,96593,7540],{"class":74},[52,96595,689],{"class":70},[20,96597,96598],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96600,96601,96602,114],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96603,96604],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[38,96606,1158],{"id":1157},[20,96608,14173,96609,202],{},[15,96610,95640],{},[163,96612,96613,96618,96623,96626,96633],{},[166,96614,1185,96615,96617],{},[15,96616,95635],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[166,96619,1174,96620,96622],{},[15,96621,95635],{}," to return the updated set",[166,96624,96625],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[166,96627,36636,96628,96630,96631],{},[15,96629,95640],{}," with list ",[15,96632,52090],{},[166,96634,96635],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96637,70939],{},[43,96639,96641],{"className":45,"code":96640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96642,96643,96653,96667,96677,96691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96644,96645,96647,96649,96651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96646,135],{"class":134},[52,96648,138],{"class":66},[52,96650,238],{"class":117},[52,96652,144],{"class":66},[52,96654,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96656,135],{"class":134},[52,96658,138],{"class":66},[52,96660,1231],{"class":600},[52,96662,138],{"class":66},[52,96664,238],{"class":117},[52,96666,1222],{"class":66},[52,96668,96669,96671,96673,96675],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96670,135],{"class":134},[52,96672,138],{"class":66},[52,96674,985],{"class":117},[52,96676,144],{"class":66},[52,96678,96679,96681,96683,96685,96687,96689],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,96680,135],{"class":134},[52,96682,138],{"class":66},[52,96684,1231],{"class":600},[52,96686,138],{"class":66},[52,96688,985],{"class":117},[52,96690,1222],{"class":66},[52,96692,96693,96695,96697,96699,96701,96703],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,96694,31583],{"class":134},[52,96696,138],{"class":66},[52,96698,601],{"class":600},[52,96700,114],{"class":66},[52,96702,81538],{"class":24190},[52,96704,144],{"class":66},[20,96706,96707,96708,96710,96711,114],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96709,95640],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[221,96712,52487],{"href":96713},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[38,96715,1273],{"id":1272},[699,96717,1277,96719,96721],{"id":96718},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96720,95640],{}," return a new set?",[20,96723,96724,96725,114],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96726,3220],{},[699,96728,96730],{"id":96729},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96732,96733],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[699,96735,96737],{"id":96736},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96739,799,96740,1326,96743,114],{},[15,96741,96742],{},"set.update()",[15,96744,95635],{},[699,96746,96748],{"id":96747},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96750,96751,96752,114],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96753,2443],{},[38,96755,1332],{"id":1331},[163,96757,96758,96762,96767],{},[166,96759,96760],{},[221,96761,224],{"href":95758},[166,96763,96764],{},[221,96765,96766],{"href":95761},"How to create a set in Python",[166,96768,96769],{},[221,96770,1343,96771,1070],{"href":96243},[15,96772,14394],{},[20,96774,96775,96776,96778],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96777,95635],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1364,96780,96781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":96783},[96784,96785,96787,96788,96789,96790,96794,96798,96799,96800,96807],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":95732,"depth":103,"text":96786},"What set.add() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":95973,"depth":103,"text":95974},{"id":96064,"depth":103,"text":96791,"children":96792},"add() vs update()",[96793],{"id":96224,"depth":124,"text":96225},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859,"children":96795},[96796,96797],{"id":96262,"depth":124,"text":96263},{"id":61205,"depth":124,"text":96319},{"id":96394,"depth":103,"text":96395},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":96801},[96802,96804,96805,96806],{"id":96718,"depth":124,"text":96803},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96729,"depth":124,"text":96730},{"id":96736,"depth":124,"text":96737},{"id":96747,"depth":124,"text":96748},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95627,"description":96808},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96815,"title":96816,"body":96817,"description":97984,"extension":1401,"meta":97985,"navigation":127,"path":97986,"seo":97987,"stem":97988,"__hash__":97989},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96818,"toc":97951},[96819,96824,96830,96837,96882,96884,96895,96900,96905,96909,96923,96927,96929,96931,96946,96948,96962,96964,96966,97031,97033,97043,97045,97063,97069,97076,97081,97155,97157,97174,97180,97185,97256,97258,97285,97302,97305,97311,97313,97320,97324,97391,97393,97408,97411,97464,97466,97474,97486,97488,97492,97497,97499,97548,97550,97558,97560,97605,97607,97617,97623,97631,97643,97649,97651,97680,97682,97700,97704,97707,97738,97740,97758,97762,97837,97839,97855,97862,97864,97869,97874,97880,97883,97887,97895,97902,97910,97912,97948],[10,96820,13,96822,18],{"id":96821},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96823,10763],{},[20,96825,96826,96829],{},[15,96827,96828],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96831,96832,96833,96836],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,96834,96835],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[43,96838,96840],{"className":45,"code":96839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96841,96842,96862,96872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96843,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854,96856,96858,96860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96845,940],{"class":58},[52,96847,63],{"class":62},[52,96849,67],{"class":66},[52,96851,948],{"class":947},[52,96853,80],{"class":66},[52,96855,953],{"class":947},[52,96857,80],{"class":66},[52,96859,958],{"class":947},[52,96861,100],{"class":66},[52,96863,96864,96866,96868,96870],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,96865,1037],{"class":58},[52,96867,114],{"class":66},[52,96869,10824],{"class":117},[52,96871,121],{"class":66},[52,96873,96874,96876,96878,96880],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,96875,135],{"class":134},[52,96877,138],{"class":66},[52,96879,1037],{"class":117},[52,96881,144],{"class":66},[20,96883,1509],{},[43,96885,96887],{"className":45,"code":96886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n",[15,96888,96889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96890,96891,96893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96892,601],{"class":600},[52,96894,121],{"class":66},[20,96896,96897,96899],{},[15,96898,10763],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[38,96901,194,96903,197],{"id":96902},"what-setclear-does",[15,96904,96828],{},[20,96906,1418,96907,10854],{},[15,96908,10763],{},[163,96910,96911,96914,96916,96920],{},[166,96912,96913],{},"Removes every item from a set",[166,96915,95747],{},[166,96917,10865,96918],{},[15,96919,3220],{},[166,96921,96922],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96924,219,96925,71038],{},[221,96926,224],{"href":223},[38,96928,228],{"id":227},[20,96930,53885],{},[43,96932,96934],{"className":45,"code":96933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96935,96936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96937,96938,96940,96942,96944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96939,238],{"class":58},[52,96941,114],{"class":66},[52,96943,10824],{"class":117},[52,96945,121],{"class":66},[20,96947,247],{},[163,96949,96950,96953,96956,96959],{},[166,96951,96952],{},"It takes no arguments",[166,96954,96955],{},"It empties the set",[166,96957,96958],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[166,96960,96961],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[38,96963,10917],{"id":10916},[20,96965,10920],{},[43,96967,96969],{"className":45,"code":96968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96970,96971,97003,97007,97017,97021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96972,96973,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985,96987,96989,96991,96993,96995,96997,96999,97001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96974,277],{"class":58},[52,96976,63],{"class":62},[52,96978,67],{"class":66},[52,96980,71],{"class":70},[52,96982,286],{"class":74},[52,96984,71],{"class":70},[52,96986,80],{"class":66},[52,96988,83],{"class":70},[52,96990,304],{"class":74},[52,96992,71],{"class":70},[52,96994,80],{"class":66},[52,96996,83],{"class":70},[52,96998,295],{"class":74},[52,97000,71],{"class":70},[52,97002,100],{"class":66},[52,97004,97005],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97006,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97008,97009,97011,97013,97015],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97010,348],{"class":58},[52,97012,114],{"class":66},[52,97014,10824],{"class":117},[52,97016,121],{"class":66},[52,97018,97019],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97020,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97022,97023,97025,97027,97029],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,97024,135],{"class":134},[52,97026,138],{"class":66},[52,97028,348],{"class":117},[52,97030,144],{"class":66},[20,97032,1509],{},[43,97034,97035],{"className":45,"code":96886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97036,97037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97038,97039,97041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97040,601],{"class":600},[52,97042,121],{"class":66},[20,97044,11126],{},[163,97046,97047,97052,97057],{},[166,97048,97049,97051],{},[15,97050,348],{}," starts with three values",[166,97053,97054,11139],{},[15,97055,97056],{},"colors.clear()",[166,97058,97059,97060,97062],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97061,3239],{},", which means an empty set",[38,97064,97066,97068],{"id":97065},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97067,10763],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97070,97071,803,97073,97075],{},[15,97072,10763],{},[15,97074,3239],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[699,97077,1185,97079],{"id":97078},"using-clear",[15,97080,10763],{},[43,97082,97084],{"className":45,"code":97083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97085,97086,97106,97116,97120,97130,97134,97144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97087,97088,97090,97092,97094,97096,97098,97100,97102,97104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97089,59],{"class":58},[52,97091,63],{"class":62},[52,97093,67],{"class":66},[52,97095,948],{"class":947},[52,97097,80],{"class":66},[52,97099,953],{"class":947},[52,97101,80],{"class":66},[52,97103,958],{"class":947},[52,97105,100],{"class":66},[52,97107,97108,97111,97113],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97109,97110],{"class":58},"other_name ",[52,97112,63],{"class":62},[52,97114,97115],{"class":58}," items\n",[52,97117,97118],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97119,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97121,97122,97124,97126,97128],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97123,154],{"class":58},[52,97125,114],{"class":66},[52,97127,10824],{"class":117},[52,97129,121],{"class":66},[52,97131,97132],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,97133,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97135,97136,97138,97140,97142],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,97137,135],{"class":134},[52,97139,138],{"class":66},[52,97141,154],{"class":117},[52,97143,144],{"class":66},[52,97145,97146,97148,97150,97153],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,97147,135],{"class":134},[52,97149,138],{"class":66},[52,97151,97152],{"class":117},"other_name",[52,97154,144],{"class":66},[20,97156,1509],{},[43,97158,97160],{"className":45,"code":97159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97161,97162,97168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97163,97164,97166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97165,601],{"class":600},[52,97167,121],{"class":66},[52,97169,97170,97172],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97171,601],{"class":600},[52,97173,121],{"class":66},[20,97175,97176,97177,114],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,97178,97179],{},"same set object",[699,97181,1185,97183],{"id":97182},"using-set",[15,97184,3239],{},[43,97186,97188],{"className":45,"code":97187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97189,97190,97210,97218,97222,97232,97236,97246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97191,97192,97194,97196,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97193,59],{"class":58},[52,97195,63],{"class":62},[52,97197,67],{"class":66},[52,97199,948],{"class":947},[52,97201,80],{"class":66},[52,97203,953],{"class":947},[52,97205,80],{"class":66},[52,97207,958],{"class":947},[52,97209,100],{"class":66},[52,97211,97212,97214,97216],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97213,97110],{"class":58},[52,97215,63],{"class":62},[52,97217,97115],{"class":58},[52,97219,97220],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97221,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97223,97224,97226,97228,97230],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97225,59],{"class":58},[52,97227,63],{"class":62},[52,97229,655],{"class":600},[52,97231,121],{"class":66},[52,97233,97234],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,97235,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97237,97238,97240,97242,97244],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,97239,135],{"class":134},[52,97241,138],{"class":66},[52,97243,154],{"class":117},[52,97245,144],{"class":66},[52,97247,97248,97250,97252,97254],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,97249,135],{"class":134},[52,97251,138],{"class":66},[52,97253,97152],{"class":117},[52,97255,144],{"class":66},[20,97257,1509],{},[43,97259,97261],{"className":45,"code":97260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97262,97263,97269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97264,97265,97267],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97266,601],{"class":600},[52,97268,121],{"class":66},[52,97270,97271,97273,97275,97277,97279,97281,97283],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97272,8726],{"class":66},[52,97274,948],{"class":947},[52,97276,80],{"class":66},[52,97278,953],{"class":947},[52,97280,80],{"class":66},[52,97282,958],{"class":947},[52,97284,100],{"class":66},[20,97286,20210,97287,92525,97290,97293,97294,114,97296,97298,97299,97301],{},[15,97288,97289],{},"items = set()",[30,97291,97292],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97295,154],{},[9294,97297],{},"\nBut ",[15,97300,97152],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97303,97304],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97306,97307,97308,114],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[221,97309,95762],{"href":97310},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[38,97312,16859],{"id":16858},[20,97314,97315,13493,97317,97319],{},[15,97316,10763],{},[30,97318,32],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97321,4592,97322,114],{},[15,97323,3220],{},[43,97325,97327],{"className":45,"code":97326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97328,97329,97349,97353,97367,97371,97381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97330,97331,97333,97335,97337,97339,97341,97343,97345,97347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97332,940],{"class":58},[52,97334,63],{"class":62},[52,97336,67],{"class":66},[52,97338,948],{"class":947},[52,97340,80],{"class":66},[52,97342,953],{"class":947},[52,97344,80],{"class":66},[52,97346,958],{"class":947},[52,97348,100],{"class":66},[52,97350,97351],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97352,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97354,97355,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97356,1668],{"class":58},[52,97358,63],{"class":62},[52,97360,970],{"class":58},[52,97362,114],{"class":66},[52,97364,10824],{"class":117},[52,97366,121],{"class":66},[52,97368,97369],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97370,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97372,97373,97375,97377,97379],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,97374,135],{"class":134},[52,97376,138],{"class":66},[52,97378,1703],{"class":117},[52,97380,144],{"class":66},[52,97382,97383,97385,97387,97389],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,97384,135],{"class":134},[52,97386,138],{"class":66},[52,97388,1037],{"class":117},[52,97390,144],{"class":66},[20,97392,1509],{},[43,97394,97396],{"className":45,"code":97395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\nset()\n",[15,97397,97398,97402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97399,97400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97401,11251],{"class":3295},[52,97403,97404,97406],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97405,601],{"class":600},[52,97407,121],{"class":66},[20,97409,97410],{},"Do not do this:",[43,97412,97414],{"className":45,"code":97413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97415,97416,97436,97450,97454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97417,97418,97420,97422,97424,97426,97428,97430,97432,97434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97419,940],{"class":58},[52,97421,63],{"class":62},[52,97423,67],{"class":66},[52,97425,948],{"class":947},[52,97427,80],{"class":66},[52,97429,953],{"class":947},[52,97431,80],{"class":66},[52,97433,958],{"class":947},[52,97435,100],{"class":66},[52,97437,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97439,940],{"class":58},[52,97441,63],{"class":62},[52,97443,970],{"class":58},[52,97445,114],{"class":66},[52,97447,10824],{"class":117},[52,97449,121],{"class":66},[52,97451,97452],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97453,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97455,97456,97458,97460,97462],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97457,135],{"class":134},[52,97459,138],{"class":66},[52,97461,1037],{"class":117},[52,97463,144],{"class":66},[20,97465,1509],{},[43,97467,97468],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97469,97470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97471,97472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97473,11251],{"class":3295},[20,97475,21629,97476,1837,97478,97480,97481,97483,97484,114],{},[15,97477,53998],{},[15,97479,3220],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97482,3220],{}," back to ",[15,97485,1037],{},[38,97487,3961],{"id":3960},[20,97489,10192,97490,114],{},[15,97491,96828],{},[699,97493,12038,97495],{"id":97494},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97496,10763],{},[20,97498,16083],{},[43,97500,97502],{"className":45,"code":97501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97503,97504,97524,97538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97505,97506,97508,97510,97512,97514,97516,97518,97520,97522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97507,15069],{"class":58},[52,97509,63],{"class":62},[52,97511,67],{"class":66},[52,97513,948],{"class":947},[52,97515,80],{"class":66},[52,97517,953],{"class":947},[52,97519,80],{"class":66},[52,97521,958],{"class":947},[52,97523,100],{"class":66},[52,97525,97526,97528,97530,97532,97534,97536],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97527,15069],{"class":58},[52,97529,63],{"class":62},[52,97531,1246],{"class":58},[52,97533,114],{"class":66},[52,97535,10824],{"class":117},[52,97537,121],{"class":66},[52,97539,97540,97542,97544,97546],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97541,135],{"class":134},[52,97543,138],{"class":66},[52,97545,238],{"class":117},[52,97547,144],{"class":66},[20,97549,1509],{},[43,97551,97552],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97553,97554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97555,97556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97557,11251],{"class":3295},[20,97559,16095],{},[43,97561,97563],{"className":45,"code":97562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97564,97565,97585,97595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97566,97567,97569,97571,97573,97575,97577,97579,97581,97583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97568,15069],{"class":58},[52,97570,63],{"class":62},[52,97572,67],{"class":66},[52,97574,948],{"class":947},[52,97576,80],{"class":66},[52,97578,953],{"class":947},[52,97580,80],{"class":66},[52,97582,958],{"class":947},[52,97584,100],{"class":66},[52,97586,97587,97589,97591,97593],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97588,238],{"class":58},[52,97590,114],{"class":66},[52,97592,10824],{"class":117},[52,97594,121],{"class":66},[52,97596,97597,97599,97601,97603],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97598,135],{"class":134},[52,97600,138],{"class":66},[52,97602,238],{"class":117},[52,97604,144],{"class":66},[20,97606,1509],{},[43,97608,97609],{"className":45,"code":96886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97610,97611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97612,97613,97615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97614,601],{"class":600},[52,97616,121],{"class":66},[699,97618,1174,97620,97622],{"id":97619},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97621,10763],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97624,97625,97627,97628,97630],{},[15,97626,10763],{}," removes ",[30,97629,3157],{}," items from the set.",[20,97632,97633,97634,456,97638,114],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[221,97635,97636],{"href":452},[15,97637,900],{},[221,97639,97641],{"href":97640},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97642,17],{},[699,97644,1185,97646,97648],{"id":97645},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97647,3234],{}," for an empty set",[20,97650,25131],{},[43,97652,97654],{"className":45,"code":97653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97655,97656,97665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97657,97658,97661,97663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97659,97660],{"class":58},"empty_value ",[52,97662,63],{"class":62},[52,97664,9286],{"class":66},[52,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673,97675,97678],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97668,135],{"class":134},[52,97670,138],{"class":66},[52,97672,1231],{"class":600},[52,97674,138],{"class":66},[52,97676,97677],{"class":117},"empty_value",[52,97679,1222],{"class":66},[20,97681,1509],{},[43,97683,97684],{"className":45,"code":8255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97685,97686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97687,97688,97690,97692,97694,97696,97698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97689,2729],{"class":62},[52,97691,2732],{"class":1503},[52,97693,617],{"class":70},[52,97695,8268],{"class":74},[52,97697,608],{"class":70},[52,97699,2741],{"class":62},[20,97701,97702,8235],{},[15,97703,3234],{},[20,97705,97706],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[43,97708,97710],{"className":45,"code":97709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97711,97712,97723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97713,97714,97717,97719,97721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97715,97716],{"class":58},"empty_set ",[52,97718,63],{"class":62},[52,97720,655],{"class":600},[52,97722,121],{"class":66},[52,97724,97725,97727,97729,97731,97733,97736],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97726,135],{"class":134},[52,97728,138],{"class":66},[52,97730,1231],{"class":600},[52,97732,138],{"class":66},[52,97734,97735],{"class":117},"empty_set",[52,97737,1222],{"class":66},[20,97739,1509],{},[43,97741,97742],{"className":45,"code":8299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97743,97744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97745,97746,97748,97750,97752,97754,97756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97747,2729],{"class":62},[52,97749,2732],{"class":1503},[52,97751,617],{"class":70},[52,97753,601],{"class":74},[52,97755,608],{"class":70},[52,97757,2741],{"class":62},[699,97759,97761],{"id":97760},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[43,97763,97765],{"className":45,"code":97764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97766,97767,97791,97799,97803,97813,97817,97827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97768,97769,97771,97773,97775,97777,97779,97781,97783,97785,97787,97789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97770,1993],{"class":58},[52,97772,63],{"class":62},[52,97774,67],{"class":66},[52,97776,71],{"class":70},[52,97778,1611],{"class":74},[52,97780,71],{"class":70},[52,97782,80],{"class":66},[52,97784,83],{"class":70},[52,97786,11188],{"class":74},[52,97788,71],{"class":70},[52,97790,100],{"class":66},[52,97792,97793,97795,97797],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97794,2021],{"class":58},[52,97796,63],{"class":62},[52,97798,35609],{"class":58},[52,97800,97801],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,97802,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97804,97805,97807,97809,97811],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,97806,221],{"class":58},[52,97808,114],{"class":66},[52,97810,10824],{"class":117},[52,97812,121],{"class":66},[52,97814,97815],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,97816,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,97818,97819,97821,97823,97825],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,97820,135],{"class":134},[52,97822,138],{"class":66},[52,97824,221],{"class":117},[52,97826,144],{"class":66},[52,97828,97829,97831,97833,97835],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,97830,135],{"class":134},[52,97832,138],{"class":66},[52,97834,4204],{"class":117},[52,97836,144],{"class":66},[20,97838,1509],{},[43,97840,97841],{"className":45,"code":97159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97842,97843,97849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97844,97845,97847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97846,601],{"class":600},[52,97848,121],{"class":66},[52,97850,97851,97853],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,97852,601],{"class":600},[52,97854,121],{"class":66},[20,97856,28496,97857,803,97859,97861],{},[15,97858,221],{},[15,97860,4204],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[38,97863,1273],{"id":1272},[699,97865,4586,97867,4589],{"id":97866},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97868,96828],{},[20,97870,4592,97871,97873],{},[15,97872,3220],{},". It empties the set in place.",[699,97875,1277,97877,97879],{"id":97876},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97878,10763],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97881,97882],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[699,97884,97886],{"id":97885},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97888,97889,97890,97892,97893,114],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97891,10763],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97894,3239],{},[699,97896,4624,97898,803,97900,1293],{"id":97897},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97899,10763],{},[15,97901,3239],{},[20,97903,97904,97906,97907,97909],{},[15,97905,10763],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97908,3239],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[38,97911,1332],{"id":1331},[163,97913,97914,97918,97922,97929,97935,97941],{},[166,97915,97916],{},[221,97917,224],{"href":223},[166,97919,97920],{},[221,97921,96766],{"href":97310},[166,97923,97924],{},[221,97925,1343,97927,1070],{"href":97926},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97928,95635],{},[166,97930,97931],{},[221,97932,1343,97933,1070],{"href":452},[15,97934,900],{},[166,97936,97937],{},[221,97938,1343,97939,1070],{"href":97640},[15,97940,17],{},[166,97942,97943],{},[221,97944,1343,97946,1070],{"href":97945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97947,14394],{},[1364,97949,97950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":97952},[97953,97955,97956,97957,97964,97965,97974,97983],{"id":96902,"depth":103,"text":97954},"What set.clear() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":97065,"depth":103,"text":97958,"children":97959},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97960,97962],{"id":97078,"depth":124,"text":97961},"Using clear()",{"id":97182,"depth":124,"text":97963},"Using set()",{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":97966},[97967,97969,97971,97973],{"id":97494,"depth":124,"text":97968},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97619,"depth":124,"text":97970},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97645,"depth":124,"text":97972},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97760,"depth":124,"text":97761},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":97975},[97976,97978,97980,97981],{"id":97866,"depth":124,"text":97977},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97876,"depth":124,"text":97979},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97885,"depth":124,"text":97886},{"id":97897,"depth":124,"text":97982},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96816,"description":97984},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97991,"title":97992,"body":97993,"description":99825,"extension":1401,"meta":99826,"navigation":127,"path":95761,"seo":99827,"stem":99828,"__hash__":99829},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97994,"toc":99782},[97995,97998,98001,98004,98006,98109,98113,98160,98166,98168,98187,98191,98194,98196,98210,98219,98223,98226,98261,98265,98285,98288,98292,98295,98356,98360,98385,98392,98398,98403,98405,98417,98421,98470,98474,98498,98505,98509,98550,98554,98575,98579,98612,98616,98657,98660,98664,98669,98708,98712,98737,98742,98748,98785,98789,98812,98816,98818,98821,98824,98901,98905,98942,98945,98949,98955,98958,98968,99017,99023,99029,99056,99059,99081,99083,99114,99117,99121,99125,99164,99168,99231,99234,99267,99271,99296,99298,99301,99307,99310,99337,99340,99358,99362,99366,99369,99412,99415,99419,99422,99425,99455,99458,99462,99465,99480,99485,99489,99492,99581,99583,99586,99676,99679,99697,99699,99703,99713,99717,99725,99729,99732,99736,99739,99743,99746,99748,99776,99779],[10,97996,97992],{"id":97997},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97999,98000],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98002,98003],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[38,98005,3049],{"id":3048},[43,98007,98009],{"className":45,"code":98008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98010,98011,98031,98065,98075,98079,98089,98099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98012,98013,98015,98017,98019,98021,98023,98025,98027,98029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98014,940],{"class":58},[52,98016,63],{"class":62},[52,98018,67],{"class":66},[52,98020,948],{"class":947},[52,98022,80],{"class":66},[52,98024,953],{"class":947},[52,98026,80],{"class":66},[52,98028,958],{"class":947},[52,98030,100],{"class":66},[52,98032,98033,98035,98037,98039,98041,98043,98045,98047,98049,98051,98053,98055,98057,98059,98061,98063],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98034,3515],{"class":58},[52,98036,63],{"class":62},[52,98038,655],{"class":600},[52,98040,2424],{"class":66},[52,98042,71],{"class":70},[52,98044,75],{"class":74},[52,98046,71],{"class":70},[52,98048,80],{"class":66},[52,98050,83],{"class":70},[52,98052,86],{"class":74},[52,98054,71],{"class":70},[52,98056,80],{"class":66},[52,98058,83],{"class":70},[52,98060,75],{"class":74},[52,98062,71],{"class":70},[52,98064,3332],{"class":66},[52,98066,98067,98069,98071,98073],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,98068,97716],{"class":58},[52,98070,63],{"class":62},[52,98072,655],{"class":600},[52,98074,121],{"class":66},[52,98076,98077],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,98078,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,98080,98081,98083,98085,98087],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,98082,135],{"class":134},[52,98084,138],{"class":66},[52,98086,1037],{"class":117},[52,98088,144],{"class":66},[52,98090,98091,98093,98095,98097],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,98092,135],{"class":134},[52,98094,138],{"class":66},[52,98096,3556],{"class":117},[52,98098,144],{"class":66},[52,98100,98101,98103,98105,98107],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,98102,135],{"class":134},[52,98104,138],{"class":66},[52,98106,97735],{"class":117},[52,98108,144],{"class":66},[20,98110,98111],{},[30,98112,1509],{},[43,98114,98116],{"className":45,"code":98115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98117,98118,98134,98154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98119,98120,98122,98124,98126,98128,98130,98132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98121,8726],{"class":66},[52,98123,948],{"class":947},[52,98125,80],{"class":66},[52,98127,953],{"class":947},[52,98129,80],{"class":66},[52,98131,958],{"class":947},[52,98133,100],{"class":66},[52,98135,98136,98138,98140,98142,98144,98146,98148,98150,98152],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98137,8726],{"class":66},[52,98139,608],{"class":70},[52,98141,86],{"class":74},[52,98143,608],{"class":70},[52,98145,80],{"class":66},[52,98147,617],{"class":70},[52,98149,75],{"class":74},[52,98151,608],{"class":70},[52,98153,100],{"class":66},[52,98155,98156,98158],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,98157,601],{"class":600},[52,98159,121],{"class":66},[20,98161,98162,98163,98165],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98164,3239],{}," for an empty set.",[38,98167,14603],{"id":14602},[163,98169,98170,98173,98178,98181,98184],{},[166,98171,98172],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[166,98174,98175,98176],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98177,3239],{},[166,98179,98180],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[166,98182,98183],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[166,98185,98186],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[38,98188,98190],{"id":98189},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98192,98193],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98195,29970],{},[163,98197,98198,98201,98204,98207],{},[166,98199,98200],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[166,98202,98203],{},"Sets are unordered",[166,98205,98206],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[166,98208,98209],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98211,98212,98213,456,98215,114],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[221,98214,224],{"href":223},[221,98216,98218],{"href":98217},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[38,98220,98222],{"id":98221},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98224,98225],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[43,98227,98229],{"className":45,"code":98228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98230,98231,98251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98232,98233,98235,98237,98239,98241,98243,98245,98247,98249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98234,940],{"class":58},[52,98236,63],{"class":62},[52,98238,67],{"class":66},[52,98240,948],{"class":947},[52,98242,80],{"class":66},[52,98244,953],{"class":947},[52,98246,80],{"class":66},[52,98248,958],{"class":947},[52,98250,100],{"class":66},[52,98252,98253,98255,98257,98259],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98254,135],{"class":134},[52,98256,138],{"class":66},[52,98258,1037],{"class":117},[52,98260,144],{"class":66},[20,98262,98263],{},[30,98264,577],{},[43,98266,98267],{"className":45,"code":96037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98268,98269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98270,98271,98273,98275,98277,98279,98281,98283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98272,8726],{"class":66},[52,98274,948],{"class":947},[52,98276,80],{"class":66},[52,98278,953],{"class":947},[52,98280,80],{"class":66},[52,98282,958],{"class":947},[52,98284,100],{"class":66},[20,98286,98287],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[699,98289,98291],{"id":98290},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98293,98294],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[43,98296,98298],{"className":45,"code":98297,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98299,98300,98332,98342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320,98322,98324,98326,98328,98330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98303,940],{"class":58},[52,98305,63],{"class":62},[52,98307,67],{"class":66},[52,98309,948],{"class":947},[52,98311,80],{"class":66},[52,98313,953],{"class":947},[52,98315,80],{"class":66},[52,98317,953],{"class":947},[52,98319,80],{"class":66},[52,98321,958],{"class":947},[52,98323,80],{"class":66},[52,98325,958],{"class":947},[52,98327,80],{"class":66},[52,98329,958],{"class":947},[52,98331,100],{"class":66},[52,98333,98334,98336,98338,98340],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98335,135],{"class":134},[52,98337,138],{"class":66},[52,98339,1037],{"class":117},[52,98341,144],{"class":66},[52,98343,98344,98346,98348,98350,98352,98354],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,98345,135],{"class":134},[52,98347,138],{"class":66},[52,98349,1215],{"class":134},[52,98351,138],{"class":66},[52,98353,1037],{"class":117},[52,98355,1222],{"class":66},[20,98357,98358],{},[30,98359,577],{},[43,98361,98363],{"className":45,"code":98362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98364,98365,98381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98366,98367,98369,98371,98373,98375,98377,98379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98368,8726],{"class":66},[52,98370,948],{"class":947},[52,98372,80],{"class":66},[52,98374,953],{"class":947},[52,98376,80],{"class":66},[52,98378,958],{"class":947},[52,98380,100],{"class":66},[52,98382,98383],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98384,46052],{"class":947},[20,98386,20417,98387,803,98389,98391],{},[15,98388,1047],{},[15,98390,1500],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[38,98393,98395,98396],{"id":98394},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98397,3239],{},[20,98399,799,98400,98402],{},[15,98401,3239],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98404,4903],{},[163,98406,98407,98409,98411,98413],{},[166,98408,96515],{},[166,98410,95813],{},[166,98412,55900],{},[166,98414,98415],{},[15,98416,35632],{},[699,98418,98420],{"id":98419},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[43,98422,98424],{"className":45,"code":98423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98425,98426,98460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98427,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456,98458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98429,940],{"class":58},[52,98431,63],{"class":62},[52,98433,655],{"class":600},[52,98435,2424],{"class":66},[52,98437,948],{"class":947},[52,98439,80],{"class":66},[52,98441,953],{"class":947},[52,98443,80],{"class":66},[52,98445,953],{"class":947},[52,98447,80],{"class":66},[52,98449,958],{"class":947},[52,98451,80],{"class":66},[52,98453,958],{"class":947},[52,98455,80],{"class":66},[52,98457,1896],{"class":947},[52,98459,3332],{"class":66},[52,98461,98462,98464,98466,98468],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98463,135],{"class":134},[52,98465,138],{"class":66},[52,98467,1037],{"class":117},[52,98469,144],{"class":66},[20,98471,98472],{},[30,98473,577],{},[43,98475,98476],{"className":45,"code":95702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98477,98478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98479,98480,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98481,8726],{"class":66},[52,98483,948],{"class":947},[52,98485,80],{"class":66},[52,98487,953],{"class":947},[52,98489,80],{"class":66},[52,98491,958],{"class":947},[52,98493,80],{"class":66},[52,98495,1896],{"class":947},[52,98497,100],{"class":66},[20,98499,98500,98501,114],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[221,98502,98504],{"href":98503},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[699,98506,98508],{"id":98507},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[43,98510,98512],{"className":45,"code":98511,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98513,98514,98540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98515,98516,98518,98520,98522,98524,98526,98528,98530,98532,98534,98536,98538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98517,3265],{"class":58},[52,98519,63],{"class":62},[52,98521,655],{"class":600},[52,98523,4957],{"class":66},[52,98525,1770],{"class":947},[52,98527,80],{"class":66},[52,98529,7237],{"class":947},[52,98531,80],{"class":66},[52,98533,7237],{"class":947},[52,98535,80],{"class":66},[52,98537,7242],{"class":947},[52,98539,1222],{"class":66},[52,98541,98542,98544,98546,98548],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98543,135],{"class":134},[52,98545,138],{"class":66},[52,98547,4804],{"class":117},[52,98549,144],{"class":66},[20,98551,98552],{},[30,98553,577],{},[43,98555,98557],{"className":45,"code":98556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98558,98559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98560,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98562,8726],{"class":66},[52,98564,1770],{"class":947},[52,98566,80],{"class":66},[52,98568,7237],{"class":947},[52,98570,80],{"class":66},[52,98572,7242],{"class":947},[52,98574,100],{"class":66},[699,98576,98578],{"id":98577},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[43,98580,98582],{"className":45,"code":98581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98583,98584,98602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98585,98586,98588,98590,98592,98594,98596,98598,98600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98587,35524],{"class":58},[52,98589,63],{"class":62},[52,98591,655],{"class":600},[52,98593,138],{"class":66},[52,98595,71],{"class":70},[52,98597,3288],{"class":74},[52,98599,71],{"class":70},[52,98601,144],{"class":66},[52,98603,98604,98606,98608,98610],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98605,135],{"class":134},[52,98607,138],{"class":66},[52,98609,35577],{"class":117},[52,98611,144],{"class":66},[20,98613,98614],{},[30,98615,577],{},[43,98617,98619],{"className":45,"code":98618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98620,98621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98622,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98624,8726],{"class":66},[52,98626,608],{"class":70},[52,98628,59874],{"class":74},[52,98630,608],{"class":70},[52,98632,80],{"class":66},[52,98634,617],{"class":70},[52,98636,59883],{"class":74},[52,98638,608],{"class":70},[52,98640,80],{"class":66},[52,98642,617],{"class":70},[52,98644,59892],{"class":74},[52,98646,608],{"class":70},[52,98648,80],{"class":66},[52,98650,617],{"class":70},[52,98652,59909],{"class":74},[52,98654,608],{"class":70},[52,98656,100],{"class":66},[20,98658,98659],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[38,98661,98663],{"id":98662},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98665,98666,98667,114],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98668,3239],{},[43,98670,98672],{"className":45,"code":98671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98673,98674,98684,98694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98675,98676,98678,98680,98682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98677,97716],{"class":58},[52,98679,63],{"class":62},[52,98681,655],{"class":600},[52,98683,121],{"class":66},[52,98685,98686,98688,98690,98692],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98687,135],{"class":134},[52,98689,138],{"class":66},[52,98691,97735],{"class":117},[52,98693,144],{"class":66},[52,98695,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,98697,135],{"class":134},[52,98699,138],{"class":66},[52,98701,1231],{"class":600},[52,98703,138],{"class":66},[52,98705,97735],{"class":117},[52,98707,1222],{"class":66},[20,98709,98710],{},[30,98711,1509],{},[43,98713,98715],{"className":45,"code":98714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98716,98717,98723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98718,98719,98721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98720,601],{"class":600},[52,98722,121],{"class":66},[52,98724,98725,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98726,2729],{"class":62},[52,98728,2732],{"class":1503},[52,98730,617],{"class":70},[52,98732,601],{"class":74},[52,98734,608],{"class":70},[52,98736,2741],{"class":62},[699,98738,43864,98740],{"id":98739},"do-not-use",[15,98741,3234],{},[20,98743,98744,98745,98747],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,98746,32],{}," create a set.",[43,98749,98751],{"className":45,"code":98750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98752,98753,98761,98771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98754,98755,98757,98759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98756,97660],{"class":58},[52,98758,63],{"class":62},[52,98760,9286],{"class":66},[52,98762,98763,98765,98767,98769],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98764,135],{"class":134},[52,98766,138],{"class":66},[52,98768,97677],{"class":117},[52,98770,144],{"class":66},[52,98772,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,98774,135],{"class":134},[52,98776,138],{"class":66},[52,98778,1231],{"class":600},[52,98780,138],{"class":66},[52,98782,97677],{"class":117},[52,98784,1222],{"class":66},[20,98786,98787],{},[30,98788,1509],{},[43,98790,98792],{"className":45,"code":98791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98793,98794,98798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98795,98796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98797,8882],{"class":66},[52,98799,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98801,2729],{"class":62},[52,98803,2732],{"class":1503},[52,98805,617],{"class":70},[52,98807,8268],{"class":74},[52,98809,608],{"class":70},[52,98811,2741],{"class":62},[20,98813,98814,8235],{},[15,98815,3234],{},[38,98817,71701],{"id":71700},[20,98819,98820],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98822,98823],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[43,98825,98827],{"className":45,"code":98826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98828,98829,98877,98887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98830,98831,98833,98835,98837,98839,98841,98843,98845,98847,98849,98851,98853,98855,98857,98859,98861,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873,98875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98832,3515],{"class":58},[52,98834,63],{"class":62},[52,98836,67],{"class":66},[52,98838,71],{"class":70},[52,98840,75],{"class":74},[52,98842,71],{"class":70},[52,98844,80],{"class":66},[52,98846,83],{"class":70},[52,98848,86],{"class":74},[52,98850,71],{"class":70},[52,98852,80],{"class":66},[52,98854,83],{"class":70},[52,98856,75],{"class":74},[52,98858,71],{"class":70},[52,98860,80],{"class":66},[52,98862,83],{"class":70},[52,98864,75],{"class":74},[52,98866,71],{"class":70},[52,98868,80],{"class":66},[52,98870,83],{"class":70},[52,98872,32652],{"class":74},[52,98874,71],{"class":70},[52,98876,100],{"class":66},[52,98878,98879,98881,98883,98885],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98880,135],{"class":134},[52,98882,138],{"class":66},[52,98884,3556],{"class":117},[52,98886,144],{"class":66},[52,98888,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,98890,135],{"class":134},[52,98892,138],{"class":66},[52,98894,1215],{"class":134},[52,98896,138],{"class":66},[52,98898,3556],{"class":117},[52,98900,1222],{"class":66},[20,98902,98903],{},[30,98904,577],{},[43,98906,98908],{"className":45,"code":98907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98909,98910,98938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98911,98912,98914,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928,98930,98932,98934,98936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98913,8726],{"class":66},[52,98915,608],{"class":70},[52,98917,86],{"class":74},[52,98919,608],{"class":70},[52,98921,80],{"class":66},[52,98923,617],{"class":70},[52,98925,32652],{"class":74},[52,98927,608],{"class":70},[52,98929,80],{"class":66},[52,98931,617],{"class":70},[52,98933,75],{"class":74},[52,98935,608],{"class":70},[52,98937,100],{"class":66},[52,98939,98940],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,98941,46052],{"class":947},[20,98943,98944],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[38,98946,98948],{"id":98947},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98950,98951,98952,98954],{},"Set items must be ",[30,98953,95801],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98956,98957],{},"These usually work:",[163,98959,98960,98962,98964,98966],{},[166,98961,55897],{},[166,98963,55900],{},[166,98965,95813],{},[166,98967,40028],{},[43,98969,98971],{"className":45,"code":98970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98972,98973,99007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98974,98975,98977,98979,98981,98983,98985,98987,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98976,3265],{"class":58},[52,98978,63],{"class":62},[52,98980,67],{"class":66},[52,98982,948],{"class":947},[52,98984,80],{"class":66},[52,98986,83],{"class":70},[52,98988,75],{"class":74},[52,98990,71],{"class":70},[52,98992,80],{"class":66},[52,98994,8684],{"class":66},[52,98996,1770],{"class":947},[52,98998,80],{"class":66},[52,99000,7237],{"class":947},[52,99002,8681],{"class":66},[52,99004,3360],{"class":3295},[52,99006,100],{"class":66},[52,99008,99009,99011,99013,99015],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99010,135],{"class":134},[52,99012,138],{"class":66},[52,99014,4804],{"class":117},[52,99016,144],{"class":66},[20,99018,99019,99020,99022],{},"These do ",[30,99021,32],{}," work directly:",[163,99024,99025,99027],{},[166,99026,96515],{},[166,99028,96518],{},[43,99030,99032],{"className":45,"code":99031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99033,99034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99035,99036,99039,99041,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99037,99038],{"class":58},"bad_set ",[52,99040,63],{"class":62},[52,99042,99043],{"class":66}," {[",[52,99045,948],{"class":947},[52,99047,80],{"class":66},[52,99049,953],{"class":947},[52,99051,80],{"class":66},[52,99053,958],{"class":947},[52,99055,13145],{"class":66},[20,99057,99058],{},"This raises an error:",[43,99060,99061],{"className":45,"code":96574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99062,99063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99064,99065,99067,99069,99071,99073,99075,99077,99079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99066,2443],{"class":600},[52,99068,202],{"class":66},[52,99070,96585],{"class":58},[52,99072,1231],{"class":600},[52,99074,202],{"class":66},[52,99076,617],{"class":70},[52,99078,7540],{"class":74},[52,99080,689],{"class":70},[20,99082,51517],{},[43,99084,99086],{"className":45,"code":99085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99087,99088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99089,99090,99092,99094,99097,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99091,99038],{"class":58},[52,99093,63],{"class":62},[52,99095,99096],{"class":66}," {{",[52,99098,71],{"class":70},[52,99100,7115],{"class":74},[52,99102,71],{"class":70},[52,99104,202],{"class":66},[52,99106,83],{"class":70},[52,99108,7124],{"class":74},[52,99110,71],{"class":70},[52,99112,99113],{"class":66},"}}\n",[20,99115,99116],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,99118,99120],{"id":99119},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[699,99122,99124],{"id":99123},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[43,99126,99128],{"className":45,"code":99127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99129,99130,99154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99131,99132,99134,99136,99138,99140,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99133,940],{"class":58},[52,99135,63],{"class":62},[52,99137,67],{"class":66},[52,99139,948],{"class":947},[52,99141,80],{"class":66},[52,99143,953],{"class":947},[52,99145,80],{"class":66},[52,99147,958],{"class":947},[52,99149,80],{"class":66},[52,99151,1896],{"class":947},[52,99153,100],{"class":66},[52,99155,99156,99158,99160,99162],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99157,135],{"class":134},[52,99159,138],{"class":66},[52,99161,1037],{"class":117},[52,99163,144],{"class":66},[699,99165,99167],{"id":99166},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[43,99169,99171],{"className":45,"code":99170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99172,99173,99201,99216,99220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99174,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183,99185,99187,99189,99191,99193,99195,99197,99199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99176,59],{"class":58},[52,99178,63],{"class":62},[52,99180,3063],{"class":66},[52,99182,948],{"class":947},[52,99184,80],{"class":66},[52,99186,4944],{"class":947},[52,99188,80],{"class":66},[52,99190,953],{"class":947},[52,99192,80],{"class":66},[52,99194,958],{"class":947},[52,99196,80],{"class":66},[52,99198,958],{"class":947},[52,99200,3076],{"class":66},[52,99202,99203,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99204,99205],{"class":58},"unique_items ",[52,99207,63],{"class":62},[52,99209,655],{"class":600},[52,99211,138],{"class":66},[52,99213,154],{"class":117},[52,99215,144],{"class":66},[52,99217,99218],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,99219,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,99221,99222,99224,99226,99229],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99223,135],{"class":134},[52,99225,138],{"class":66},[52,99227,99228],{"class":117},"unique_items",[52,99230,144],{"class":66},[699,99232,98578],{"id":99233},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[43,99235,99237],{"className":45,"code":99236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99238,99239,99257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99240,99241,99243,99245,99247,99249,99251,99253,99255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99242,35524],{"class":58},[52,99244,63],{"class":62},[52,99246,655],{"class":600},[52,99248,138],{"class":66},[52,99250,71],{"class":70},[52,99252,86],{"class":74},[52,99254,71],{"class":70},[52,99256,144],{"class":66},[52,99258,99259,99261,99263,99265],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99260,135],{"class":134},[52,99262,138],{"class":66},[52,99264,35577],{"class":117},[52,99266,144],{"class":66},[699,99268,99270],{"id":99269},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[43,99272,99274],{"className":45,"code":99273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99275,99276,99286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99277,99278,99280,99282,99284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99279,97716],{"class":58},[52,99281,63],{"class":62},[52,99283,655],{"class":600},[52,99285,121],{"class":66},[52,99287,99288,99290,99292,99294],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99289,135],{"class":134},[52,99291,138],{"class":66},[52,99293,97735],{"class":117},[52,99295,144],{"class":66},[38,99297,1158],{"id":1157},[20,99299,99300],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[699,99302,1185,99304,99306],{"id":99303},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99305,3234],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99308,99309],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[43,99311,99313],{"className":45,"code":99312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99314,99315,99323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99316,99317,99319,99321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99318,965],{"class":58},[52,99320,63],{"class":62},[52,99322,9286],{"class":66},[52,99324,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99326,135],{"class":134},[52,99328,138],{"class":66},[52,99330,1231],{"class":600},[52,99332,138],{"class":66},[52,99334,985],{"class":117},[52,99336,1222],{"class":66},[20,99338,99339],{},"This prints:",[43,99341,99342],{"className":45,"code":8255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99343,99344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99345,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99347,2729],{"class":62},[52,99349,2732],{"class":1503},[52,99351,617],{"class":70},[52,99353,8268],{"class":74},[52,99355,608],{"class":70},[52,99357,2741],{"class":62},[20,99359,799,99360,6077],{},[15,99361,3239],{},[699,99363,99365],{"id":99364},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99367,99368],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[43,99370,99372],{"className":45,"code":99371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99373,99374,99402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99375,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390,99392,99394,99396,99398,99400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99377,940],{"class":58},[52,99379,63],{"class":62},[52,99381,67],{"class":66},[52,99383,948],{"class":947},[52,99385,80],{"class":66},[52,99387,4944],{"class":947},[52,99389,80],{"class":66},[52,99391,953],{"class":947},[52,99393,80],{"class":66},[52,99395,953],{"class":947},[52,99397,80],{"class":66},[52,99399,958],{"class":947},[52,99401,100],{"class":66},[52,99403,99404,99406,99408,99410],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99405,135],{"class":134},[52,99407,138],{"class":66},[52,99409,1037],{"class":117},[52,99411,144],{"class":66},[20,99413,99414],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[699,99416,99418],{"id":99417},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99420,99421],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99423,99424],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[43,99426,99428],{"className":45,"code":99427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99429,99430,99450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446,99448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99433,940],{"class":58},[52,99435,63],{"class":62},[52,99437,67],{"class":66},[52,99439,1770],{"class":947},[52,99441,80],{"class":66},[52,99443,7237],{"class":947},[52,99445,80],{"class":66},[52,99447,7242],{"class":947},[52,99449,100],{"class":66},[52,99451,99452],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99453,99454],{"class":3105},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99456,99457],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[699,99459,99461],{"id":99460},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99463,99464],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[43,99466,99468],{"className":45,"code":99467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99469,99470,99475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99471,99472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99473,99474],{"class":3105},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[52,99476,99477],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99478,99479],{"class":3105},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99481,99482,99483,114],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99484,2443],{},[699,99486,99488],{"id":99487},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99490,99491],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[43,99493,99495],{"className":45,"code":99494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99496,99497,99517,99549,99553,99567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99498,99499,99501,99503,99505,99507,99509,99511,99513,99515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99500,15069],{"class":58},[52,99502,63],{"class":62},[52,99504,67],{"class":66},[52,99506,948],{"class":947},[52,99508,80],{"class":66},[52,99510,953],{"class":947},[52,99512,80],{"class":66},[52,99514,958],{"class":947},[52,99516,100],{"class":66},[52,99518,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99520,11167],{"class":58},[52,99522,63],{"class":62},[52,99524,67],{"class":66},[52,99526,71],{"class":70},[52,99528,221],{"class":74},[52,99530,71],{"class":70},[52,99532,202],{"class":66},[52,99534,4944],{"class":947},[52,99536,80],{"class":66},[52,99538,83],{"class":70},[52,99540,4204],{"class":74},[52,99542,71],{"class":70},[52,99544,202],{"class":66},[52,99546,953],{"class":947},[52,99548,100],{"class":66},[52,99550,99551],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,99552,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,99554,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99556,135],{"class":134},[52,99558,138],{"class":66},[52,99560,1231],{"class":600},[52,99562,138],{"class":66},[52,99564,238],{"class":117},[52,99566,1222],{"class":66},[52,99568,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,99570,135],{"class":134},[52,99572,138],{"class":66},[52,99574,1231],{"class":600},[52,99576,138],{"class":66},[52,99578,10891],{"class":117},[52,99580,1222],{"class":66},[38,99582,92216],{"id":92215},[20,99584,99585],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[43,99587,99589],{"className":45,"code":99588,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99590,99591,99617,99621,99635,99645,99659,99666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99592,99593,99595,99597,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99594,15069],{"class":58},[52,99596,63],{"class":62},[52,99598,655],{"class":600},[52,99600,2424],{"class":66},[52,99602,948],{"class":947},[52,99604,80],{"class":66},[52,99606,953],{"class":947},[52,99608,80],{"class":66},[52,99610,953],{"class":947},[52,99612,80],{"class":66},[52,99614,958],{"class":947},[52,99616,3332],{"class":66},[52,99618,99619],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99620,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,99624,135],{"class":134},[52,99626,138],{"class":66},[52,99628,1231],{"class":600},[52,99630,138],{"class":66},[52,99632,238],{"class":117},[52,99634,1222],{"class":66},[52,99636,99637,99639,99641,99643],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99638,135],{"class":134},[52,99640,138],{"class":66},[52,99642,238],{"class":117},[52,99644,144],{"class":66},[52,99646,99647,99649,99651,99653,99655,99657],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,99648,135],{"class":134},[52,99650,138],{"class":66},[52,99652,1215],{"class":134},[52,99654,138],{"class":66},[52,99656,238],{"class":117},[52,99658,1222],{"class":66},[52,99660,99661,99663],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,99662,135],{"class":134},[52,99664,99665],{"class":66},"({})\n",[52,99667,99668,99670,99672,99674],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,99669,135],{"class":134},[52,99671,138],{"class":66},[52,99673,601],{"class":600},[52,99675,6640],{"class":66},[20,99677,99678],{},"Use these to confirm:",[163,99680,99681,99684,99687,99690],{},[166,99682,99683],{},"The object type",[166,99685,99686],{},"The actual values stored",[166,99688,99689],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[166,99691,99692,99693,803,99695],{},"The difference between ",[15,99694,3234],{},[15,99696,3239],{},[38,99698,1273],{"id":1272},[699,99700,99702],{"id":99701},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99704,99705,99706,99709,99710,99712],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99707,99708],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99711,3239],{}," with another iterable.",[699,99714,99716],{"id":99715},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99718,799,99719,99721,99722,99724],{},[15,99720,3239],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99723,3234],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[699,99726,99728],{"id":99727},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99730,99731],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[699,99733,99735],{"id":99734},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99737,99738],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[699,99740,99742],{"id":99741},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99744,99745],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[38,99747,1332],{"id":1331},[163,99749,99750,99754,99760,99766,99771],{},[166,99751,99752],{},[221,99753,224],{"href":223},[166,99755,99756],{},[221,99757,3015,99758,1070],{"href":97926},[15,99759,95640],{},[166,99761,99762],{},[221,99763,3015,99764,1070],{"href":97945},[15,99765,96742],{},[166,99767,99768],{},[221,99769,99770],{"href":98503},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[166,99772,99773],{},[221,99774,99775],{"href":98217},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99777,99778],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1364,99780,99781],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":99783},[99784,99785,99786,99787,99790,99796,99800,99801,99802,99808,99816,99817,99824],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":98189,"depth":103,"text":98190},{"id":98221,"depth":103,"text":98222,"children":99788},[99789],{"id":98290,"depth":124,"text":98291},{"id":98394,"depth":103,"text":99791,"children":99792},"Create a set with set()",[99793,99794,99795],{"id":98419,"depth":124,"text":98420},{"id":98507,"depth":124,"text":98508},{"id":98577,"depth":124,"text":98578},{"id":98662,"depth":103,"text":98663,"children":99797},[99798],{"id":98739,"depth":124,"text":99799},"Do not use {}",{"id":71700,"depth":103,"text":71701},{"id":98947,"depth":103,"text":98948},{"id":99119,"depth":103,"text":99120,"children":99803},[99804,99805,99806,99807],{"id":99123,"depth":124,"text":99124},{"id":99166,"depth":124,"text":99167},{"id":99233,"depth":124,"text":98578},{"id":99269,"depth":124,"text":99270},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":99809},[99810,99812,99813,99814,99815],{"id":99303,"depth":124,"text":99811},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99364,"depth":124,"text":99365},{"id":99417,"depth":124,"text":99418},{"id":99460,"depth":124,"text":99461},{"id":99487,"depth":124,"text":99488},{"id":92215,"depth":103,"text":92216},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":99818},[99819,99820,99821,99822,99823],{"id":99701,"depth":124,"text":99702},{"id":99715,"depth":124,"text":99716},{"id":99727,"depth":124,"text":99728},{"id":99734,"depth":124,"text":99735},{"id":99741,"depth":124,"text":99742},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97992,"description":99825},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99831,"title":99832,"body":99833,"description":102264,"extension":1401,"meta":102265,"navigation":127,"path":102266,"seo":102267,"stem":102268,"__hash__":102269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99834,"toc":102229},[99835,99841,99847,99850,99852,99929,99931,99948,99958,99960,99965,99973,99975,99991,99995,99997,99999,100002,100023,100026,100050,100056,100058,100155,100157,100174,100184,100186,100188,100196,100198,100209,100211,100302,100304,100328,100339,100341,100343,100346,100476,100478,100551,100553,100574,100577,100579,100585,100590,100593,100720,100722,100739,100742,100744,100752,100755,100759,100767,100858,100860,100897,100902,100909,100986,100988,101004,101009,101014,101016,101025,101033,101114,101116,101145,101148,101152,101163,101166,101249,101251,101272,101278,101280,101282,101286,101290,101297,101362,101364,101384,101387,101456,101458,101474,101478,101484,101496,101504,101506,101591,101593,101622,101625,101629,101634,101636,101686,101689,101770,101772,101788,101792,101795,101870,101873,101877,101880,101957,101959,101992,101998,102002,102005,102140,102142,102156,102158,102160,102166,102169,102176,102184,102190,102193,102197,102200,102202,102204,102226],[10,99836,13,99838,18],{"id":99837},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99839,99840],{},"difference()",[20,99842,99843,99846],{},[15,99844,99845],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99848,99849],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[38,99851,3049],{"id":3048},[43,99853,99855],{"className":45,"code":99854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99856,99857,99881,99901,99919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99858,99859,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869,99871,99873,99875,99877,99879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99860,1993],{"class":58},[52,99862,63],{"class":62},[52,99864,67],{"class":66},[52,99866,948],{"class":947},[52,99868,80],{"class":66},[52,99870,953],{"class":947},[52,99872,80],{"class":66},[52,99874,958],{"class":947},[52,99876,80],{"class":66},[52,99878,1896],{"class":947},[52,99880,100],{"class":66},[52,99882,99883,99885,99887,99889,99891,99893,99895,99897,99899],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,99884,2021],{"class":58},[52,99886,63],{"class":62},[52,99888,67],{"class":66},[52,99890,1500],{"class":947},[52,99892,80],{"class":66},[52,99894,1896],{"class":947},[52,99896,80],{"class":66},[52,99898,4048],{"class":947},[52,99900,100],{"class":66},[52,99902,99903,99905,99907,99909,99911,99913,99915,99917],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,99904,1668],{"class":58},[52,99906,63],{"class":62},[52,99908,56323],{"class":58},[52,99910,114],{"class":66},[52,99912,2251],{"class":117},[52,99914,138],{"class":66},[52,99916,4204],{"class":117},[52,99918,144],{"class":66},[52,99920,99921,99923,99925,99927],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,99922,135],{"class":134},[52,99924,138],{"class":66},[52,99926,1703],{"class":117},[52,99928,144],{"class":66},[20,99930,1509],{},[43,99932,99934],{"className":45,"code":99933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99935,99936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99937,99938,99940,99942,99944,99946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99939,8726],{"class":66},[52,99941,948],{"class":947},[52,99943,80],{"class":66},[52,99945,953],{"class":947},[52,99947,100],{"class":66},[20,99949,99950,99952,99953,99955,99956,114],{},[15,99951,99840],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99954,221],{}," that are not in ",[15,99957,4204],{},[44351,99959],{},[38,99961,194,99963,197],{"id":99962},"what-difference-does",[15,99964,99840],{},[20,99966,1418,99967,99969,99970,99972],{},[15,99968,99840],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,99971,32],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99974,247],{},[163,99976,99977,99982,99985,99988],{},[166,99978,99979,99981],{},[15,99980,99840],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[166,99983,99984],{},"It creates a new set",[166,99986,99987],{},"It does not change the original set",[166,99989,99990],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99992,219,99993,114],{},[221,99994,224],{"href":223},[44351,99996],{},[38,99998,228],{"id":227},[20,100000,100001],{},"Use this form:",[43,100003,100005],{"className":45,"code":100004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100006,100007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100008,100009,100012,100014,100016,100018,100021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100010,100011],{"class":58},"set1",[52,100013,114],{"class":66},[52,100015,2251],{"class":117},[52,100017,138],{"class":66},[52,100019,100020],{"class":117},"set2",[52,100022,144],{"class":66},[20,100024,100025],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[43,100027,100029],{"className":45,"code":100028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100030,100031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100032,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045,100048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100034,100011],{"class":58},[52,100036,114],{"class":66},[52,100038,2251],{"class":117},[52,100040,138],{"class":66},[52,100042,100020],{"class":117},[52,100044,80],{"class":66},[52,100046,100047],{"class":117}," set3",[52,100049,144],{"class":66},[20,100051,100052,100053,100055],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,100054,4799],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100057,267],{},[43,100059,100061],{"className":45,"code":100060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100062,100063,100091,100107,100119,100123,100145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100064,100065,100067,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100066,1993],{"class":58},[52,100068,63],{"class":62},[52,100070,67],{"class":66},[52,100072,948],{"class":947},[52,100074,80],{"class":66},[52,100076,953],{"class":947},[52,100078,80],{"class":66},[52,100080,958],{"class":947},[52,100082,80],{"class":66},[52,100084,1896],{"class":947},[52,100086,80],{"class":66},[52,100088,4048],{"class":947},[52,100090,100],{"class":66},[52,100092,100093,100095,100097,100099,100101,100103,100105],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100094,2021],{"class":58},[52,100096,63],{"class":62},[52,100098,67],{"class":66},[52,100100,1047],{"class":947},[52,100102,80],{"class":66},[52,100104,958],{"class":947},[52,100106,100],{"class":66},[52,100108,100109,100111,100113,100115,100117],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100110,82618],{"class":58},[52,100112,63],{"class":62},[52,100114,67],{"class":66},[52,100116,1131],{"class":947},[52,100118,100],{"class":66},[52,100120,100121],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100122,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100124,100125,100127,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137,100139,100141,100143],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,100126,1668],{"class":58},[52,100128,63],{"class":62},[52,100130,56323],{"class":58},[52,100132,114],{"class":66},[52,100134,2251],{"class":117},[52,100136,138],{"class":66},[52,100138,4204],{"class":117},[52,100140,80],{"class":66},[52,100142,9129],{"class":117},[52,100144,144],{"class":66},[52,100146,100147,100149,100151,100153],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,100148,135],{"class":134},[52,100150,138],{"class":66},[52,100152,1703],{"class":117},[52,100154,144],{"class":66},[20,100156,1509],{},[43,100158,100160],{"className":45,"code":100159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100161,100162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100163,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100165,8726],{"class":66},[52,100167,948],{"class":947},[52,100169,80],{"class":66},[52,100171,1896],{"class":947},[52,100173,100],{"class":66},[20,100175,100176,100177,100179,100180,456,100182,114],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100178,221],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100181,4204],{},[15,100183,9187],{},[44351,100185],{},[38,100187,16859],{"id":16858},[20,100189,100190,100192,100193,114],{},[15,100191,99840],{}," always returns a ",[30,100194,100195],{},"new set",[20,100197,43085],{},[163,100199,100200,100203,100206],{},[166,100201,100202],{},"The return value is a new set",[166,100204,100205],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[166,100207,100208],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100210,267],{},[43,100212,100214],{"className":45,"code":100213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100215,100216,100232,100252,100256,100274,100278,100288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100217,100218,100220,100222,100224,100226,100228,100230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100219,1993],{"class":58},[52,100221,63],{"class":62},[52,100223,67],{"class":66},[52,100225,948],{"class":947},[52,100227,80],{"class":66},[52,100229,953],{"class":947},[52,100231,100],{"class":66},[52,100233,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100235,2021],{"class":58},[52,100237,63],{"class":62},[52,100239,67],{"class":66},[52,100241,948],{"class":947},[52,100243,80],{"class":66},[52,100245,953],{"class":947},[52,100247,80],{"class":66},[52,100249,958],{"class":947},[52,100251,100],{"class":66},[52,100253,100254],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100255,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100257,100258,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100259,1668],{"class":58},[52,100261,63],{"class":62},[52,100263,56323],{"class":58},[52,100265,114],{"class":66},[52,100267,2251],{"class":117},[52,100269,138],{"class":66},[52,100271,4204],{"class":117},[52,100273,144],{"class":66},[52,100275,100276],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,100277,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100279,100280,100282,100284,100286],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,100281,135],{"class":134},[52,100283,138],{"class":66},[52,100285,1703],{"class":117},[52,100287,144],{"class":66},[52,100289,100290,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,100291,135],{"class":134},[52,100293,138],{"class":66},[52,100295,1231],{"class":600},[52,100297,138],{"class":66},[52,100299,1703],{"class":117},[52,100301,1222],{"class":66},[20,100303,1509],{},[43,100305,100306],{"className":45,"code":98714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100307,100308,100314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100309,100310,100312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100311,601],{"class":600},[52,100313,121],{"class":66},[52,100315,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100317,2729],{"class":62},[52,100319,2732],{"class":1503},[52,100321,617],{"class":70},[52,100323,601],{"class":74},[52,100325,608],{"class":70},[52,100327,2741],{"class":62},[20,100329,100330,100331,18403,100333,100335,100336,100338],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100332,3239],{},[15,100334,3234],{},". In Python, ",[15,100337,3234],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44351,100340],{},[38,100342,10917],{"id":10916},[20,100344,100345],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[43,100347,100349],{"className":45,"code":100348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100350,100351,100384,100417,100421,100441,100445,100455,100466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100352,100353,100356,100358,100360,100362,100364,100366,100368,100370,100372,100374,100376,100378,100380,100382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100354,100355],{"class":58},"fruits_a ",[52,100357,63],{"class":62},[52,100359,67],{"class":66},[52,100361,71],{"class":70},[52,100363,75],{"class":74},[52,100365,71],{"class":70},[52,100367,80],{"class":66},[52,100369,83],{"class":70},[52,100371,86],{"class":74},[52,100373,71],{"class":70},[52,100375,80],{"class":66},[52,100377,83],{"class":70},[52,100379,32652],{"class":74},[52,100381,71],{"class":70},[52,100383,100],{"class":66},[52,100385,100386,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397,100399,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100387,100388],{"class":58},"fruits_b ",[52,100390,63],{"class":62},[52,100392,67],{"class":66},[52,100394,71],{"class":70},[52,100396,86],{"class":74},[52,100398,71],{"class":70},[52,100400,80],{"class":66},[52,100402,83],{"class":70},[52,100404,32652],{"class":74},[52,100406,71],{"class":70},[52,100408,80],{"class":66},[52,100410,83],{"class":70},[52,100412,21973],{"class":74},[52,100414,71],{"class":70},[52,100416,100],{"class":66},[52,100418,100419],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100420,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100422,100423,100425,100427,100430,100432,100434,100436,100439],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100424,1668],{"class":58},[52,100426,63],{"class":62},[52,100428,100429],{"class":58}," fruits_a",[52,100431,114],{"class":66},[52,100433,2251],{"class":117},[52,100435,138],{"class":66},[52,100437,100438],{"class":117},"fruits_b",[52,100440,144],{"class":66},[52,100442,100443],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,100444,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100446,100447,100449,100451,100453],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,100448,135],{"class":134},[52,100450,138],{"class":66},[52,100452,1703],{"class":117},[52,100454,144],{"class":66},[52,100456,100457,100459,100461,100464],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,100458,135],{"class":134},[52,100460,138],{"class":66},[52,100462,100463],{"class":117},"fruits_a",[52,100465,144],{"class":66},[52,100467,100468,100470,100472,100474],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,100469,135],{"class":134},[52,100471,138],{"class":66},[52,100473,100438],{"class":117},[52,100475,144],{"class":66},[20,100477,577],{},[43,100479,100481],{"className":45,"code":100480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100482,100483,100495,100523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100484,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100486,8726],{"class":66},[52,100488,608],{"class":70},[52,100490,75],{"class":74},[52,100492,608],{"class":70},[52,100494,100],{"class":66},[52,100496,100497,100499,100501,100503,100505,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517,100519,100521],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100498,8726],{"class":66},[52,100500,608],{"class":70},[52,100502,86],{"class":74},[52,100504,608],{"class":70},[52,100506,80],{"class":66},[52,100508,617],{"class":70},[52,100510,32652],{"class":74},[52,100512,608],{"class":70},[52,100514,80],{"class":66},[52,100516,617],{"class":70},[52,100518,75],{"class":74},[52,100520,608],{"class":70},[52,100522,100],{"class":66},[52,100524,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100526,8726],{"class":66},[52,100528,608],{"class":70},[52,100530,86],{"class":74},[52,100532,608],{"class":70},[52,100534,80],{"class":66},[52,100536,617],{"class":70},[52,100538,32652],{"class":74},[52,100540,608],{"class":70},[52,100542,80],{"class":66},[52,100544,617],{"class":70},[52,100546,21973],{"class":74},[52,100548,608],{"class":70},[52,100550,100],{"class":66},[20,100552,11126],{},[163,100554,100555,100560,100565,100571],{},[166,100556,100557,100558],{},"Start with ",[15,100559,100463],{},[166,100561,100562,100563],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100564,100438],{},[166,100566,100567,100568,100570],{},"Only ",[15,100569,57269],{}," remains",[166,100572,100573],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100575,100576],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44351,100578],{},[38,100580,1185,100582,100584],{"id":100581},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100583,99840],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100586,100587,100588,114],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100589,99840],{},[20,100591,100592],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[43,100594,100596],{"className":45,"code":100595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100597,100598,100630,100647,100660,100677,100681,100710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100599,100600,100602,100604,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100620,100622,100624,100626,100628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100601,940],{"class":58},[52,100603,63],{"class":62},[52,100605,67],{"class":66},[52,100607,948],{"class":947},[52,100609,80],{"class":66},[52,100611,953],{"class":947},[52,100613,80],{"class":66},[52,100615,958],{"class":947},[52,100617,80],{"class":66},[52,100619,1896],{"class":947},[52,100621,80],{"class":66},[52,100623,4048],{"class":947},[52,100625,80],{"class":66},[52,100627,37076],{"class":947},[52,100629,100],{"class":66},[52,100631,100632,100635,100637,100639,100641,100643,100645],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100633,100634],{"class":58},"group_a ",[52,100636,63],{"class":62},[52,100638,67],{"class":66},[52,100640,1047],{"class":947},[52,100642,80],{"class":66},[52,100644,1896],{"class":947},[52,100646,100],{"class":66},[52,100648,100649,100652,100654,100656,100658],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100650,100651],{"class":58},"group_b ",[52,100653,63],{"class":62},[52,100655,67],{"class":66},[52,100657,1131],{"class":947},[52,100659,100],{"class":66},[52,100661,100662,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100663,100664],{"class":58},"group_c ",[52,100666,63],{"class":62},[52,100668,67],{"class":66},[52,100670,80026],{"class":947},[52,100672,80],{"class":66},[52,100674,5440],{"class":947},[52,100676,100],{"class":66},[52,100678,100679],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,100680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100682,100683,100685,100687,100689,100691,100693,100695,100698,100700,100703,100705,100708],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,100684,1668],{"class":58},[52,100686,63],{"class":62},[52,100688,970],{"class":58},[52,100690,114],{"class":66},[52,100692,2251],{"class":117},[52,100694,138],{"class":66},[52,100696,100697],{"class":117},"group_a",[52,100699,80],{"class":66},[52,100701,100702],{"class":117}," group_b",[52,100704,80],{"class":66},[52,100706,100707],{"class":117}," group_c",[52,100709,144],{"class":66},[52,100711,100712,100714,100716,100718],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,100713,135],{"class":134},[52,100715,138],{"class":66},[52,100717,1703],{"class":117},[52,100719,144],{"class":66},[20,100721,1509],{},[43,100723,100725],{"className":45,"code":100724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100726,100727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100728,100729,100731,100733,100735,100737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100730,8726],{"class":66},[52,100732,948],{"class":947},[52,100734,80],{"class":66},[52,100736,958],{"class":947},[52,100738,100],{"class":66},[20,100740,100741],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44351,100743],{},[38,100745,100747,897,100749],{"id":100746},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100748,99840],{},[15,100750,100751],{},"difference_update()",[20,100753,100754],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[699,100756,100757],{"id":2251},[15,100758,99840],{},[163,100760,100761,100764],{},[166,100762,100763],{},"Returns a new set",[166,100765,100766],{},"Does not change the original set",[43,100768,100770],{"className":45,"code":100769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100771,100772,100796,100812,100816,100834,100838,100848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100773,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100775,1993],{"class":58},[52,100777,63],{"class":62},[52,100779,67],{"class":66},[52,100781,948],{"class":947},[52,100783,80],{"class":66},[52,100785,953],{"class":947},[52,100787,80],{"class":66},[52,100789,958],{"class":947},[52,100791,80],{"class":66},[52,100793,1896],{"class":947},[52,100795,100],{"class":66},[52,100797,100798,100800,100802,100804,100806,100808,100810],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100799,2021],{"class":58},[52,100801,63],{"class":62},[52,100803,67],{"class":66},[52,100805,1500],{"class":947},[52,100807,80],{"class":66},[52,100809,1896],{"class":947},[52,100811,100],{"class":66},[52,100813,100814],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100815,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100817,100818,100820,100822,100824,100826,100828,100830,100832],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100819,1668],{"class":58},[52,100821,63],{"class":62},[52,100823,56323],{"class":58},[52,100825,114],{"class":66},[52,100827,2251],{"class":117},[52,100829,138],{"class":66},[52,100831,4204],{"class":117},[52,100833,144],{"class":66},[52,100835,100836],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,100837,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100839,100840,100842,100844,100846],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,100841,135],{"class":134},[52,100843,138],{"class":66},[52,100845,1703],{"class":117},[52,100847,144],{"class":66},[52,100849,100850,100852,100854,100856],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,100851,135],{"class":134},[52,100853,138],{"class":66},[52,100855,221],{"class":117},[52,100857,144],{"class":66},[20,100859,1509],{},[43,100861,100863],{"className":45,"code":100862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100864,100865,100877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100866,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100868,8726],{"class":66},[52,100870,948],{"class":947},[52,100872,80],{"class":66},[52,100874,953],{"class":947},[52,100876,100],{"class":66},[52,100878,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100880,8726],{"class":66},[52,100882,948],{"class":947},[52,100884,80],{"class":66},[52,100886,953],{"class":947},[52,100888,80],{"class":66},[52,100890,958],{"class":947},[52,100892,80],{"class":66},[52,100894,1896],{"class":947},[52,100896,100],{"class":66},[699,100898,100900],{"id":100899},"difference_update",[15,100901,100751],{},[163,100903,100904,100907],{},[166,100905,100906],{},"Changes the original set",[166,100908,95750],{},[43,100910,100912],{"className":45,"code":100911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100913,100914,100938,100954,100958,100972,100976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100915,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928,100930,100932,100934,100936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100917,1993],{"class":58},[52,100919,63],{"class":62},[52,100921,67],{"class":66},[52,100923,948],{"class":947},[52,100925,80],{"class":66},[52,100927,953],{"class":947},[52,100929,80],{"class":66},[52,100931,958],{"class":947},[52,100933,80],{"class":66},[52,100935,1896],{"class":947},[52,100937,100],{"class":66},[52,100939,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,100941,2021],{"class":58},[52,100943,63],{"class":62},[52,100945,67],{"class":66},[52,100947,1500],{"class":947},[52,100949,80],{"class":66},[52,100951,1896],{"class":947},[52,100953,100],{"class":66},[52,100955,100956],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,100957,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100959,100960,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,100961,221],{"class":58},[52,100963,114],{"class":66},[52,100965,100899],{"class":117},[52,100967,138],{"class":66},[52,100969,4204],{"class":117},[52,100971,144],{"class":66},[52,100973,100974],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,100975,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,100977,100978,100980,100982,100984],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,100979,135],{"class":134},[52,100981,138],{"class":66},[52,100983,221],{"class":117},[52,100985,144],{"class":66},[20,100987,1509],{},[43,100989,100990],{"className":45,"code":99933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100991,100992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100993,100994,100996,100998,101000,101002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100995,8726],{"class":66},[52,100997,948],{"class":947},[52,100999,80],{"class":66},[52,101001,953],{"class":947},[52,101003,100],{"class":66},[20,101005,799,101006,101008],{},[15,101007,99840],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101010,101011,101012,33032],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101013,100751],{},[44351,101015],{},[38,101017,101019,101021,101022,101024],{"id":101018},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101020,99840],{}," vs the ",[15,101023,1460],{}," operator",[20,101026,1418,101027,101029,101030,101032],{},[15,101028,1460],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101031,99840],{}," for two sets.",[43,101034,101036],{"className":45,"code":101035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101037,101038,101062,101078,101082,101100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101039,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101041,1993],{"class":58},[52,101043,63],{"class":62},[52,101045,67],{"class":66},[52,101047,948],{"class":947},[52,101049,80],{"class":66},[52,101051,953],{"class":947},[52,101053,80],{"class":66},[52,101055,958],{"class":947},[52,101057,80],{"class":66},[52,101059,1896],{"class":947},[52,101061,100],{"class":66},[52,101063,101064,101066,101068,101070,101072,101074,101076],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101065,2021],{"class":58},[52,101067,63],{"class":62},[52,101069,67],{"class":66},[52,101071,1500],{"class":947},[52,101073,80],{"class":66},[52,101075,1896],{"class":947},[52,101077,100],{"class":66},[52,101079,101080],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101081,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101083,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101085,135],{"class":134},[52,101087,138],{"class":66},[52,101089,221],{"class":117},[52,101091,114],{"class":66},[52,101093,2251],{"class":117},[52,101095,138],{"class":66},[52,101097,4204],{"class":117},[52,101099,1222],{"class":66},[52,101101,101102,101104,101106,101108,101110,101112],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101103,135],{"class":134},[52,101105,138],{"class":66},[52,101107,1993],{"class":117},[52,101109,1460],{"class":62},[52,101111,1998],{"class":117},[52,101113,144],{"class":66},[20,101115,1509],{},[43,101117,101119],{"className":45,"code":101118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101120,101121,101133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101122,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101124,8726],{"class":66},[52,101126,948],{"class":947},[52,101128,80],{"class":66},[52,101130,953],{"class":947},[52,101132,100],{"class":66},[52,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101136,8726],{"class":66},[52,101138,948],{"class":947},[52,101140,80],{"class":66},[52,101142,953],{"class":947},[52,101144,100],{"class":66},[20,101146,101147],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101149,94021,101150,1293],{},[15,101151,99840],{},[163,101153,101154,101157,101160],{},[166,101155,101156],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[166,101158,101159],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[166,101161,101162],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101164,101165],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[43,101167,101169],{"className":45,"code":101168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101170,101171,101199,101211,101223,101227],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101172,101173,101175,101177,101179,101181,101183,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193,101195,101197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101174,1993],{"class":58},[52,101176,63],{"class":62},[52,101178,67],{"class":66},[52,101180,948],{"class":947},[52,101182,80],{"class":66},[52,101184,953],{"class":947},[52,101186,80],{"class":66},[52,101188,958],{"class":947},[52,101190,80],{"class":66},[52,101192,1896],{"class":947},[52,101194,80],{"class":66},[52,101196,4048],{"class":947},[52,101198,100],{"class":66},[52,101200,101201,101203,101205,101207,101209],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101202,2021],{"class":58},[52,101204,63],{"class":62},[52,101206,67],{"class":66},[52,101208,1047],{"class":947},[52,101210,100],{"class":66},[52,101212,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101214,82618],{"class":58},[52,101216,63],{"class":62},[52,101218,67],{"class":66},[52,101220,1943],{"class":947},[52,101222,100],{"class":66},[52,101224,101225],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101226,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101228,101229,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101230,135],{"class":134},[52,101232,138],{"class":66},[52,101234,221],{"class":117},[52,101236,114],{"class":66},[52,101238,2251],{"class":117},[52,101240,138],{"class":66},[52,101242,4204],{"class":117},[52,101244,80],{"class":66},[52,101246,9129],{"class":117},[52,101248,1222],{"class":66},[20,101250,1509],{},[43,101252,101254],{"className":45,"code":101253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101255,101256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101257,101258,101260,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101259,8726],{"class":66},[52,101261,948],{"class":947},[52,101263,80],{"class":66},[52,101265,958],{"class":947},[52,101267,80],{"class":66},[52,101269,4048],{"class":947},[52,101271,100],{"class":66},[20,101273,101274,101275,101277],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101276,1460],{}," operator expression.",[44351,101279],{},[38,101281,3961],{"id":3960},[20,101283,20651,101284,114],{},[15,101285,99840],{},[699,101287,101289],{"id":101288},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101291,4071,101292,101294,101295,202],{},[30,101293,32],{}," change ",[15,101296,221],{},[43,101298,101300],{"className":45,"code":101299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101301,101302,101322,101334,101338,101352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101303,101304,101306,101308,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101305,1993],{"class":58},[52,101307,63],{"class":62},[52,101309,67],{"class":66},[52,101311,948],{"class":947},[52,101313,80],{"class":66},[52,101315,953],{"class":947},[52,101317,80],{"class":66},[52,101319,958],{"class":947},[52,101321,100],{"class":66},[52,101323,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101325,2021],{"class":58},[52,101327,63],{"class":62},[52,101329,67],{"class":66},[52,101331,1500],{"class":947},[52,101333,100],{"class":66},[52,101335,101336],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101337,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101339,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101341,221],{"class":58},[52,101343,114],{"class":66},[52,101345,2251],{"class":117},[52,101347,138],{"class":66},[52,101349,4204],{"class":117},[52,101351,144],{"class":66},[52,101353,101354,101356,101358,101360],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101355,135],{"class":134},[52,101357,138],{"class":66},[52,101359,221],{"class":117},[52,101361,144],{"class":66},[20,101363,1509],{},[43,101365,101366],{"className":45,"code":96037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101367,101368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101369,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101371,8726],{"class":66},[52,101373,948],{"class":947},[52,101375,80],{"class":66},[52,101377,953],{"class":947},[52,101379,80],{"class":66},[52,101381,958],{"class":947},[52,101383,100],{"class":66},[20,101385,101386],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[43,101388,101390],{"className":45,"code":101389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101391,101392,101412,101424,101428,101446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101393,101394,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101395,1993],{"class":58},[52,101397,63],{"class":62},[52,101399,67],{"class":66},[52,101401,948],{"class":947},[52,101403,80],{"class":66},[52,101405,953],{"class":947},[52,101407,80],{"class":66},[52,101409,958],{"class":947},[52,101411,100],{"class":66},[52,101413,101414,101416,101418,101420,101422],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101415,2021],{"class":58},[52,101417,63],{"class":62},[52,101419,67],{"class":66},[52,101421,1500],{"class":947},[52,101423,100],{"class":66},[52,101425,101426],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101427,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101429,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438,101440,101442,101444],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101431,1993],{"class":58},[52,101433,63],{"class":62},[52,101435,56323],{"class":58},[52,101437,114],{"class":66},[52,101439,2251],{"class":117},[52,101441,138],{"class":66},[52,101443,4204],{"class":117},[52,101445,144],{"class":66},[52,101447,101448,101450,101452,101454],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101449,135],{"class":134},[52,101451,138],{"class":66},[52,101453,221],{"class":117},[52,101455,144],{"class":66},[20,101457,1509],{},[43,101459,101460],{"className":45,"code":99933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101461,101462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101463,101464,101466,101468,101470,101472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101465,8726],{"class":66},[52,101467,948],{"class":947},[52,101469,80],{"class":66},[52,101471,953],{"class":947},[52,101473,100],{"class":66},[699,101475,101477],{"id":101476},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101479,101480,101483],{},[15,101481,101482],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[163,101485,101486,101491],{},[166,101487,101488,101489],{},"keep items from ",[15,101490,221],{},[166,101492,101493,101494],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101495,4204],{},[20,101497,40339,101498,101500,101501,101503],{},[30,101499,32],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101502,4204],{},"”.",[20,101505,267],{},[43,101507,101509],{"className":45,"code":101508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101510,101511,101531,101551,101555,101573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101512,101513,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523,101525,101527,101529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101514,1993],{"class":58},[52,101516,63],{"class":62},[52,101518,67],{"class":66},[52,101520,948],{"class":947},[52,101522,80],{"class":66},[52,101524,953],{"class":947},[52,101526,80],{"class":66},[52,101528,958],{"class":947},[52,101530,100],{"class":66},[52,101532,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101534,2021],{"class":58},[52,101536,63],{"class":62},[52,101538,67],{"class":66},[52,101540,1500],{"class":947},[52,101542,80],{"class":66},[52,101544,1896],{"class":947},[52,101546,80],{"class":66},[52,101548,4048],{"class":947},[52,101550,100],{"class":66},[52,101552,101553],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101554,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101556,101557,101559,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101558,135],{"class":134},[52,101560,138],{"class":66},[52,101562,221],{"class":117},[52,101564,114],{"class":66},[52,101566,2251],{"class":117},[52,101568,138],{"class":66},[52,101570,4204],{"class":117},[52,101572,1222],{"class":66},[52,101574,101575,101577,101579,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101576,135],{"class":134},[52,101578,138],{"class":66},[52,101580,4204],{"class":117},[52,101582,114],{"class":66},[52,101584,2251],{"class":117},[52,101586,138],{"class":66},[52,101588,221],{"class":117},[52,101590,1222],{"class":66},[20,101592,1509],{},[43,101594,101596],{"className":45,"code":101595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101597,101598,101610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101599,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101601,8726],{"class":66},[52,101603,948],{"class":947},[52,101605,80],{"class":66},[52,101607,953],{"class":947},[52,101609,100],{"class":66},[52,101611,101612,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101613,8726],{"class":66},[52,101615,1943],{"class":947},[52,101617,80],{"class":66},[52,101619,4048],{"class":947},[52,101621,100],{"class":66},[20,101623,101624],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[699,101626,101628],{"id":101627},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101630,101631,101633],{},[15,101632,99840],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101635,54756],{},[43,101637,101639],{"className":45,"code":101638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101640,101641,101661,101677,101681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101642,101643,101645,101647,101649,101651,101653,101655,101657,101659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101644,1993],{"class":58},[52,101646,63],{"class":62},[52,101648,3063],{"class":66},[52,101650,948],{"class":947},[52,101652,80],{"class":66},[52,101654,953],{"class":947},[52,101656,80],{"class":66},[52,101658,958],{"class":947},[52,101660,3076],{"class":66},[52,101662,101663,101665,101667,101669,101671,101673,101675],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101664,2021],{"class":58},[52,101666,63],{"class":62},[52,101668,3063],{"class":66},[52,101670,1500],{"class":947},[52,101672,80],{"class":66},[52,101674,1896],{"class":947},[52,101676,3076],{"class":66},[52,101678,101679],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101682,101683],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101684,101685],{"class":3105},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101687,101688],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[43,101690,101692],{"className":45,"code":101691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101693,101694,101714,101730,101734,101760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101695,101696,101698,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101697,1993],{"class":58},[52,101699,63],{"class":62},[52,101701,3063],{"class":66},[52,101703,948],{"class":947},[52,101705,80],{"class":66},[52,101707,953],{"class":947},[52,101709,80],{"class":66},[52,101711,958],{"class":947},[52,101713,3076],{"class":66},[52,101715,101716,101718,101720,101722,101724,101726,101728],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101717,2021],{"class":58},[52,101719,63],{"class":62},[52,101721,3063],{"class":66},[52,101723,1500],{"class":947},[52,101725,80],{"class":66},[52,101727,1896],{"class":947},[52,101729,3076],{"class":66},[52,101731,101732],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101733,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101735,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101737,1668],{"class":58},[52,101739,63],{"class":62},[52,101741,655],{"class":600},[52,101743,138],{"class":66},[52,101745,221],{"class":117},[52,101747,8078],{"class":66},[52,101749,2251],{"class":117},[52,101751,138],{"class":66},[52,101753,601],{"class":600},[52,101755,138],{"class":66},[52,101757,4204],{"class":117},[52,101759,1222],{"class":66},[52,101761,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101763,135],{"class":134},[52,101765,138],{"class":66},[52,101767,1703],{"class":117},[52,101769,144],{"class":66},[20,101771,1509],{},[43,101773,101774],{"className":45,"code":99933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101775,101776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101777,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101779,8726],{"class":66},[52,101781,948],{"class":947},[52,101783,80],{"class":66},[52,101785,953],{"class":947},[52,101787,100],{"class":66},[699,101789,101791],{"id":101790},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101793,101794],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[43,101796,101798],{"className":45,"code":101797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101799,101800,101832,101848,101852],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101801,101802,101804,101806,101808,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101803,1993],{"class":58},[52,101805,63],{"class":62},[52,101807,67],{"class":66},[52,101809,71],{"class":70},[52,101811,488],{"class":74},[52,101813,71],{"class":70},[52,101815,80],{"class":66},[52,101817,83],{"class":70},[52,101819,497],{"class":74},[52,101821,71],{"class":70},[52,101823,80],{"class":66},[52,101825,83],{"class":70},[52,101827,57579],{"class":74},[52,101829,71],{"class":70},[52,101831,100],{"class":66},[52,101833,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101835,2021],{"class":58},[52,101837,63],{"class":62},[52,101839,67],{"class":66},[52,101841,71],{"class":70},[52,101843,497],{"class":74},[52,101845,71],{"class":70},[52,101847,100],{"class":66},[52,101849,101850],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101851,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101853,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866,101868],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101855,135],{"class":134},[52,101857,138],{"class":66},[52,101859,221],{"class":117},[52,101861,114],{"class":66},[52,101863,2251],{"class":117},[52,101865,138],{"class":66},[52,101867,4204],{"class":117},[52,101869,1222],{"class":66},[20,101871,101872],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[699,101874,101876],{"id":101875},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101878,101879],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,101881,101883],{"className":45,"code":101882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101884,101885,101913,101925,101929,101939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101886,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101888,1993],{"class":58},[52,101890,63],{"class":62},[52,101892,67],{"class":66},[52,101894,948],{"class":947},[52,101896,80],{"class":66},[52,101898,4944],{"class":947},[52,101900,80],{"class":66},[52,101902,953],{"class":947},[52,101904,80],{"class":66},[52,101906,953],{"class":947},[52,101908,80],{"class":66},[52,101910,958],{"class":947},[52,101912,100],{"class":66},[52,101914,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101916,2021],{"class":58},[52,101918,63],{"class":62},[52,101920,67],{"class":66},[52,101922,1500],{"class":947},[52,101924,100],{"class":66},[52,101926,101927],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,101928,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,101930,101931,101933,101935,101937],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,101932,135],{"class":134},[52,101934,138],{"class":66},[52,101936,221],{"class":117},[52,101938,144],{"class":66},[52,101940,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953,101955],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,101942,135],{"class":134},[52,101944,138],{"class":66},[52,101946,221],{"class":117},[52,101948,114],{"class":66},[52,101950,2251],{"class":117},[52,101952,138],{"class":66},[52,101954,4204],{"class":117},[52,101956,1222],{"class":66},[20,101958,1509],{},[43,101960,101962],{"className":45,"code":101961,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101963,101964,101980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101965,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101967,8726],{"class":66},[52,101969,948],{"class":947},[52,101971,80],{"class":66},[52,101973,953],{"class":947},[52,101975,80],{"class":66},[52,101977,958],{"class":947},[52,101979,100],{"class":66},[52,101981,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,101983,8726],{"class":66},[52,101985,948],{"class":947},[52,101987,80],{"class":66},[52,101989,953],{"class":947},[52,101991,100],{"class":66},[20,101993,101994,101995,101997],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101996,99840],{}," runs.",[699,101999,102001],{"id":102000},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102003,102004],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[43,102006,102008],{"className":45,"code":102007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102009,102010,102034,102054,102058,102068,102078,102096,102118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102011,102012,102014,102016,102018,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102013,1993],{"class":58},[52,102015,63],{"class":62},[52,102017,67],{"class":66},[52,102019,948],{"class":947},[52,102021,80],{"class":66},[52,102023,953],{"class":947},[52,102025,80],{"class":66},[52,102027,958],{"class":947},[52,102029,80],{"class":66},[52,102031,1896],{"class":947},[52,102033,100],{"class":66},[52,102035,102036,102038,102040,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102037,2021],{"class":58},[52,102039,63],{"class":62},[52,102041,67],{"class":66},[52,102043,1500],{"class":947},[52,102045,80],{"class":66},[52,102047,1896],{"class":947},[52,102049,80],{"class":66},[52,102051,4048],{"class":947},[52,102053,100],{"class":66},[52,102055,102056],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,102057,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,102059,102060,102062,102064,102066],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102061,135],{"class":134},[52,102063,138],{"class":66},[52,102065,221],{"class":117},[52,102067,144],{"class":66},[52,102069,102070,102072,102074,102076],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,102071,135],{"class":134},[52,102073,138],{"class":66},[52,102075,4204],{"class":117},[52,102077,144],{"class":66},[52,102079,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,102081,135],{"class":134},[52,102083,138],{"class":66},[52,102085,221],{"class":117},[52,102087,114],{"class":66},[52,102089,2251],{"class":117},[52,102091,138],{"class":66},[52,102093,4204],{"class":117},[52,102095,1222],{"class":66},[52,102097,102098,102100,102102,102104,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,102099,135],{"class":134},[52,102101,138],{"class":66},[52,102103,1231],{"class":600},[52,102105,138],{"class":66},[52,102107,221],{"class":117},[52,102109,114],{"class":66},[52,102111,2251],{"class":117},[52,102113,138],{"class":66},[52,102115,4204],{"class":117},[52,102117,2350],{"class":66},[52,102119,102120,102122,102124,102126,102128,102130,102132,102134,102136,102138],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,102121,135],{"class":134},[52,102123,138],{"class":66},[52,102125,1215],{"class":134},[52,102127,138],{"class":66},[52,102129,221],{"class":117},[52,102131,114],{"class":66},[52,102133,2251],{"class":117},[52,102135,138],{"class":66},[52,102137,4204],{"class":117},[52,102139,2350],{"class":66},[20,102141,10613],{},[163,102143,102144,102147,102150,102153],{},[166,102145,102146],{},"what is in each set",[166,102148,102149],{},"what result Python creates",[166,102151,102152],{},"that the result is a set",[166,102154,102155],{},"how many items remain",[44351,102157],{},[38,102159,1273],{"id":1272},[699,102161,1277,102163,102165],{"id":102162},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102164,99840],{}," change the original set?",[20,102167,102168],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[699,102170,4624,102172,803,102174,1293],{"id":102171},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102173,99840],{},[15,102175,100751],{},[20,102177,102178,102180,102181,102183],{},[15,102179,99840],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102182,100751],{}," modifies the original set.",[699,102185,27767,102187,102189],{"id":102186},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102188,99840],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102191,102192],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[699,102194,102196],{"id":102195},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102198,102199],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44351,102201],{},[38,102203,1332],{"id":1331},[163,102205,102206,102210,102218],{},[166,102207,102208],{},[221,102209,224],{"href":223},[166,102211,102212],{},[221,102213,1343,102215,1070],{"href":102214},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102216,102217],{},"intersection()",[166,102219,102220],{},[221,102221,1343,102223,1070],{"href":102222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102224,102225],{},"union()",[1364,102227,102228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":102230},[102231,102232,102234,102235,102236,102237,102239,102244,102246,102254,102263],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":99962,"depth":103,"text":102233},"What difference() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":100581,"depth":103,"text":102238},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100746,"depth":103,"text":102240,"children":102241},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102242,102243],{"id":2251,"depth":124,"text":99840},{"id":100899,"depth":124,"text":100751},{"id":101018,"depth":103,"text":102245},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":102247},[102248,102249,102250,102251,102252,102253],{"id":101288,"depth":124,"text":101289},{"id":101476,"depth":124,"text":101477},{"id":101627,"depth":124,"text":101628},{"id":101790,"depth":124,"text":101791},{"id":101875,"depth":124,"text":101876},{"id":102000,"depth":124,"text":102001},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":102255},[102256,102258,102260,102262],{"id":102162,"depth":124,"text":102257},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102171,"depth":124,"text":102259},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102186,"depth":124,"text":102261},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102195,"depth":124,"text":102196},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99832,"description":102264},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102271,"title":102272,"body":102273,"description":103963,"extension":1401,"meta":103964,"navigation":127,"path":103965,"seo":103966,"stem":103967,"__hash__":103968},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102274,"toc":103925},[102275,102280,102285,102297,102299,102399,102401,102446,102451,102456,102460,102473,102476,102484,102486,102505,102523,102527,102580,102582,102603,102610,102615,102642,102649,102748,102750,102787,102795,102799,102805,102808,102881,102883,102891,102896,102965,102967,102992,102994,102997,103100,103102,103163,103166,103170,103176,103249,103251,103284,103287,103290,103330,103336,103359,103364,103368,103379,103382,103384,103388,103394,103396,103453,103463,103465,103518,103525,103530,103598,103606,103612,103616,103618,103657,103662,103711,103715,103718,103720,103759,103762,103764,103769,103826,103828,103842,103844,103848,103854,103859,103864,103871,103882,103888,103893,103895,103922],[10,102276,13,102278,18],{"id":102277},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102279,903],{},[20,102281,102282,102284],{},[15,102283,462],{}," removes one item from a set.",[20,102286,102287,102288,1627,102292,13493,102294,102296],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[221,102289,102290],{"href":452},[15,102291,455],{},[15,102293,903],{},[30,102295,32],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[38,102298,41],{"id":40},[43,102300,102302],{"className":45,"code":102301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102303,102304,102336,102354,102364,102368,102389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102305,102306,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320,102322,102324,102326,102328,102330,102332,102334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102307,277],{"class":58},[52,102309,63],{"class":62},[52,102311,67],{"class":66},[52,102313,71],{"class":70},[52,102315,286],{"class":74},[52,102317,71],{"class":70},[52,102319,80],{"class":66},[52,102321,83],{"class":70},[52,102323,295],{"class":74},[52,102325,71],{"class":70},[52,102327,80],{"class":66},[52,102329,83],{"class":70},[52,102331,304],{"class":74},[52,102333,71],{"class":70},[52,102335,100],{"class":66},[52,102337,102338,102340,102342,102344,102346,102348,102350,102352],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102339,348],{"class":58},[52,102341,114],{"class":66},[52,102343,1126],{"class":117},[52,102345,138],{"class":66},[52,102347,71],{"class":70},[52,102349,295],{"class":74},[52,102351,71],{"class":70},[52,102353,144],{"class":66},[52,102355,102356,102358,102360,102362],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,102357,135],{"class":134},[52,102359,138],{"class":66},[52,102361,348],{"class":117},[52,102363,144],{"class":66},[52,102365,102366],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102367,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,102369,102370,102372,102374,102376,102378,102380,102382,102384,102386],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,102371,348],{"class":58},[52,102373,114],{"class":66},[52,102375,1126],{"class":117},[52,102377,138],{"class":66},[52,102379,71],{"class":70},[52,102381,21964],{"class":74},[52,102383,71],{"class":70},[52,102385,3102],{"class":66},[52,102387,102388],{"class":3105},"  # no error if missing\n",[52,102390,102391,102393,102395,102397],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,102392,135],{"class":134},[52,102394,138],{"class":66},[52,102396,348],{"class":117},[52,102398,144],{"class":66},[20,102400,577],{},[43,102402,102404],{"className":45,"code":102403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102405,102406,102426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102407,102408,102410,102412,102414,102416,102418,102420,102422,102424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102409,8726],{"class":66},[52,102411,608],{"class":70},[52,102413,286],{"class":74},[52,102415,608],{"class":70},[52,102417,80],{"class":66},[52,102419,617],{"class":70},[52,102421,304],{"class":74},[52,102423,608],{"class":70},[52,102425,100],{"class":66},[52,102427,102428,102430,102432,102434,102436,102438,102440,102442,102444],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102429,8726],{"class":66},[52,102431,608],{"class":70},[52,102433,286],{"class":74},[52,102435,608],{"class":70},[52,102437,80],{"class":66},[52,102439,617],{"class":70},[52,102441,304],{"class":74},[52,102443,608],{"class":70},[52,102445,100],{"class":66},[20,102447,799,102448,102450],{},[15,102449,903],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[38,102452,194,102454,197],{"id":102453},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102455,462],{},[20,102457,102458,202],{},[15,102459,903],{},[163,102461,102462,102464,102467,102469],{},[166,102463,207],{},[166,102465,102466],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[166,102468,95747],{},[166,102470,10865,102471],{},[15,102472,3220],{},[20,102474,102475],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102477,219,102478,456,102481,114],{},[221,102479,102480],{"href":98217},"what a set is in Python",[221,102482,102483],{"href":97310},"how to create a set",[38,102485,228],{"id":227},[43,102487,102489],{"className":45,"code":102488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102490,102491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102492,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102494,238],{"class":58},[52,102496,114],{"class":66},[52,102498,1126],{"class":117},[52,102500,138],{"class":66},[52,102502,985],{"class":117},[52,102504,144],{"class":66},[163,102506,102507,102512,102517,102520],{},[166,102508,102509,102511],{},[15,102510,238],{}," is the set you want to change",[166,102513,102514,102516],{},[15,102515,985],{}," is the item you want to remove",[166,102518,102519],{},"The set must already exist",[166,102521,102522],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[699,102524,102526],{"id":102525},"example","Example",[43,102528,102530],{"className":45,"code":102529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102531,102532,102556,102570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102533,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102535,940],{"class":58},[52,102537,63],{"class":62},[52,102539,67],{"class":66},[52,102541,948],{"class":947},[52,102543,80],{"class":66},[52,102545,953],{"class":947},[52,102547,80],{"class":66},[52,102549,958],{"class":947},[52,102551,80],{"class":66},[52,102553,1896],{"class":947},[52,102555,100],{"class":66},[52,102557,102558,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102559,1037],{"class":58},[52,102561,114],{"class":66},[52,102563,1126],{"class":117},[52,102565,138],{"class":66},[52,102567,1500],{"class":947},[52,102569,144],{"class":66},[52,102571,102572,102574,102576,102578],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,102573,135],{"class":134},[52,102575,138],{"class":66},[52,102577,1037],{"class":117},[52,102579,144],{"class":66},[20,102581,1509],{},[43,102583,102585],{"className":45,"code":102584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102586,102587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102588,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599,102601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102590,8726],{"class":66},[52,102592,948],{"class":947},[52,102594,80],{"class":66},[52,102596,953],{"class":947},[52,102598,80],{"class":66},[52,102600,1896],{"class":947},[52,102602,100],{"class":66},[38,102604,102606,102607,102609],{"id":102605},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102608,903],{}," different",[20,102611,102612,102614],{},[15,102613,903],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[163,102616,102617,102630,102639],{},[166,102618,102619,102620,1627,102624,102626,102627,102629],{},"Unlike ",[221,102621,102622],{"href":452},[15,102623,900],{},[15,102625,903],{}," does not raise ",[15,102628,639],{}," when the item is missing",[166,102631,102619,102632,1627,102636,102638],{},[221,102633,102634],{"href":97640},[15,102635,17],{},[15,102637,903],{}," removes a specific item",[166,102640,102641],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[699,102643,102645,897,102647],{"id":102644},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102646,903],{},[15,102648,900],{},[43,102650,102652],{"className":45,"code":102651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102653,102654,102678,102682,102703,102713,102717,102738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102655,102656,102658,102660,102662,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674,102676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102657,59],{"class":58},[52,102659,63],{"class":62},[52,102661,67],{"class":66},[52,102663,71],{"class":70},[52,102665,75],{"class":74},[52,102667,71],{"class":70},[52,102669,80],{"class":66},[52,102671,83],{"class":70},[52,102673,86],{"class":74},[52,102675,71],{"class":70},[52,102677,100],{"class":66},[52,102679,102680],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102681,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,102683,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696,102698,102700],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,102685,154],{"class":58},[52,102687,114],{"class":66},[52,102689,1126],{"class":117},[52,102691,138],{"class":66},[52,102693,71],{"class":70},[52,102695,32652],{"class":74},[52,102697,71],{"class":70},[52,102699,3102],{"class":66},[52,102701,102702],{"class":3105},"   # no error\n",[52,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102706,135],{"class":134},[52,102708,138],{"class":66},[52,102710,154],{"class":117},[52,102712,144],{"class":66},[52,102714,102715],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,102716,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,102718,102719,102721,102723,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,102720,154],{"class":58},[52,102722,114],{"class":66},[52,102724,1042],{"class":117},[52,102726,138],{"class":66},[52,102728,71],{"class":70},[52,102730,86],{"class":74},[52,102732,71],{"class":70},[52,102734,3102],{"class":66},[52,102736,102737],{"class":3105},"    # removes existing item\n",[52,102739,102740,102742,102744,102746],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,102741,135],{"class":134},[52,102743,138],{"class":66},[52,102745,154],{"class":117},[52,102747,144],{"class":66},[20,102749,1509],{},[43,102751,102753],{"className":45,"code":102752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102754,102755,102775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102756,102757,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102758,8726],{"class":66},[52,102760,608],{"class":70},[52,102762,75],{"class":74},[52,102764,608],{"class":70},[52,102766,80],{"class":66},[52,102768,617],{"class":70},[52,102770,86],{"class":74},[52,102772,608],{"class":70},[52,102774,100],{"class":66},[52,102776,102777,102779,102781,102783,102785],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102778,8726],{"class":66},[52,102780,608],{"class":70},[52,102782,75],{"class":74},[52,102784,608],{"class":70},[52,102786,100],{"class":66},[20,102788,39776,102789,102791,102792,102794],{},[15,102790,900],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[221,102793,10519],{"href":695}," for more help with that case.",[38,102796,102798],{"id":102797},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102800,102801,1837,102803,114],{},[15,102802,903],{},[15,102804,3220],{},[20,102806,102807],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[43,102809,102811],{"className":45,"code":102810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102812,102813,102845,102867,102871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102814,102815,102817,102819,102821,102823,102825,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102816,277],{"class":58},[52,102818,63],{"class":62},[52,102820,67],{"class":66},[52,102822,71],{"class":70},[52,102824,286],{"class":74},[52,102826,71],{"class":70},[52,102828,80],{"class":66},[52,102830,83],{"class":70},[52,102832,295],{"class":74},[52,102834,71],{"class":70},[52,102836,80],{"class":66},[52,102838,83],{"class":70},[52,102840,304],{"class":74},[52,102842,71],{"class":70},[52,102844,100],{"class":66},[52,102846,102847,102849,102851,102853,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102848,1668],{"class":58},[52,102850,63],{"class":62},[52,102852,318],{"class":58},[52,102854,114],{"class":66},[52,102856,1126],{"class":117},[52,102858,138],{"class":66},[52,102860,71],{"class":70},[52,102862,295],{"class":74},[52,102864,71],{"class":70},[52,102866,144],{"class":66},[52,102868,102869],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,102870,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,102872,102873,102875,102877,102879],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102874,135],{"class":134},[52,102876,138],{"class":66},[52,102878,1703],{"class":117},[52,102880,144],{"class":66},[20,102882,1509],{},[43,102884,102885],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102886,102887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102888,102889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102890,11251],{"class":3295},[20,102892,102893,102894,202],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102895,348],{},[43,102897,102899],{"className":45,"code":102898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102900,102901,102933,102951,102955],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102902,102903,102905,102907,102909,102911,102913,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102904,277],{"class":58},[52,102906,63],{"class":62},[52,102908,67],{"class":66},[52,102910,71],{"class":70},[52,102912,286],{"class":74},[52,102914,71],{"class":70},[52,102916,80],{"class":66},[52,102918,83],{"class":70},[52,102920,295],{"class":74},[52,102922,71],{"class":70},[52,102924,80],{"class":66},[52,102926,83],{"class":70},[52,102928,304],{"class":74},[52,102930,71],{"class":70},[52,102932,100],{"class":66},[52,102934,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943,102945,102947,102949],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,102936,348],{"class":58},[52,102938,114],{"class":66},[52,102940,1126],{"class":117},[52,102942,138],{"class":66},[52,102944,71],{"class":70},[52,102946,295],{"class":74},[52,102948,71],{"class":70},[52,102950,144],{"class":66},[52,102952,102953],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,102954,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,102956,102957,102959,102961,102963],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,102958,135],{"class":134},[52,102960,138],{"class":66},[52,102962,348],{"class":117},[52,102964,144],{"class":66},[20,102966,1509],{},[43,102968,102970],{"className":45,"code":102969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102971,102972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102973,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982,102984,102986,102988,102990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102975,8726],{"class":66},[52,102977,608],{"class":70},[52,102979,286],{"class":74},[52,102981,608],{"class":70},[52,102983,80],{"class":66},[52,102985,617],{"class":70},[52,102987,304],{"class":74},[52,102989,608],{"class":70},[52,102991,100],{"class":66},[38,102993,10917],{"id":10916},[20,102995,102996],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[43,102998,103000],{"className":45,"code":102999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103001,103002,103034,103038,103056,103060,103078,103082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103003,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103005,393],{"class":58},[52,103007,63],{"class":62},[52,103009,67],{"class":66},[52,103011,71],{"class":70},[52,103013,75],{"class":74},[52,103015,71],{"class":70},[52,103017,80],{"class":66},[52,103019,83],{"class":70},[52,103021,86],{"class":74},[52,103023,71],{"class":70},[52,103025,80],{"class":66},[52,103027,83],{"class":70},[52,103029,32652],{"class":74},[52,103031,71],{"class":70},[52,103033,100],{"class":66},[52,103035,103036],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103037,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103039,103040,103042,103044,103046,103048,103050,103052,103054],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103041,135],{"class":134},[52,103043,138],{"class":66},[52,103045,71],{"class":70},[52,103047,11006],{"class":74},[52,103049,71],{"class":70},[52,103051,80],{"class":66},[52,103053,52289],{"class":117},[52,103055,144],{"class":66},[52,103057,103058],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103059,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103061,103062,103064,103066,103068,103070,103072,103074,103076],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,103063,426],{"class":58},[52,103065,114],{"class":66},[52,103067,1126],{"class":117},[52,103069,138],{"class":66},[52,103071,71],{"class":70},[52,103073,86],{"class":74},[52,103075,71],{"class":70},[52,103077,144],{"class":66},[52,103079,103080],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,103081,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103083,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,103085,135],{"class":134},[52,103087,138],{"class":66},[52,103089,71],{"class":70},[52,103091,11046],{"class":74},[52,103093,71],{"class":70},[52,103095,80],{"class":66},[52,103097,52289],{"class":117},[52,103099,144],{"class":66},[20,103101,1509],{},[43,103103,103105],{"className":45,"code":103104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103106,103107,103139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103108,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103110,11066],{"class":58},[52,103112,202],{"class":66},[52,103114,67],{"class":66},[52,103116,608],{"class":70},[52,103118,86],{"class":74},[52,103120,608],{"class":70},[52,103122,80],{"class":66},[52,103124,617],{"class":70},[52,103126,75],{"class":74},[52,103128,608],{"class":70},[52,103130,80],{"class":66},[52,103132,617],{"class":70},[52,103134,32652],{"class":74},[52,103136,608],{"class":70},[52,103138,100],{"class":66},[52,103140,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103142,11119],{"class":58},[52,103144,202],{"class":66},[52,103146,67],{"class":66},[52,103148,608],{"class":70},[52,103150,75],{"class":74},[52,103152,608],{"class":70},[52,103154,80],{"class":66},[52,103156,617],{"class":70},[52,103158,32652],{"class":74},[52,103160,608],{"class":70},[52,103162,100],{"class":66},[20,103164,103165],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[38,103167,103169],{"id":103168},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103171,103172,103173,103175],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103174,903],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[43,103177,103179],{"className":45,"code":103178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103180,103181,103213,103217,103235,103239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103182,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203,103205,103207,103209,103211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103184,393],{"class":58},[52,103186,63],{"class":62},[52,103188,67],{"class":66},[52,103190,71],{"class":70},[52,103192,75],{"class":74},[52,103194,71],{"class":70},[52,103196,80],{"class":66},[52,103198,83],{"class":70},[52,103200,86],{"class":74},[52,103202,71],{"class":70},[52,103204,80],{"class":66},[52,103206,83],{"class":70},[52,103208,32652],{"class":74},[52,103210,71],{"class":70},[52,103212,100],{"class":66},[52,103214,103215],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103216,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103218,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231,103233],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103220,426],{"class":58},[52,103222,114],{"class":66},[52,103224,1126],{"class":117},[52,103226,138],{"class":66},[52,103228,71],{"class":70},[52,103230,21973],{"class":74},[52,103232,71],{"class":70},[52,103234,144],{"class":66},[52,103236,103237],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103238,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103240,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,103242,135],{"class":134},[52,103244,138],{"class":66},[52,103246,426],{"class":117},[52,103248,144],{"class":66},[20,103250,1509],{},[43,103252,103254],{"className":45,"code":103253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103255,103256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103257,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270,103272,103274,103276,103278,103280,103282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103259,8726],{"class":66},[52,103261,608],{"class":70},[52,103263,86],{"class":74},[52,103265,608],{"class":70},[52,103267,80],{"class":66},[52,103269,617],{"class":70},[52,103271,75],{"class":74},[52,103273,608],{"class":70},[52,103275,80],{"class":66},[52,103277,617],{"class":70},[52,103279,32652],{"class":74},[52,103281,608],{"class":70},[52,103283,100],{"class":66},[20,103285,103286],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103288,103289],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[43,103291,103293],{"className":45,"code":103292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103294,103295,103311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103296,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307,103309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103298,732],{"class":731},[52,103300,83],{"class":70},[52,103302,21973],{"class":74},[52,103304,71],{"class":70},[52,103306,20613],{"class":62},[52,103308,52289],{"class":58},[52,103310,737],{"class":66},[52,103312,103313,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103314,103315],{"class":58},"    fruits",[52,103317,114],{"class":66},[52,103319,1042],{"class":117},[52,103321,138],{"class":66},[52,103323,71],{"class":70},[52,103325,21973],{"class":74},[52,103327,71],{"class":70},[52,103329,144],{"class":66},[20,103331,103332,103333,103335],{},"With ",[15,103334,903],{},", you can simply write:",[43,103337,103339],{"className":45,"code":103338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103340,103341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103342,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103344,426],{"class":58},[52,103346,114],{"class":66},[52,103348,1126],{"class":117},[52,103350,138],{"class":66},[52,103352,71],{"class":70},[52,103354,21973],{"class":74},[52,103356,71],{"class":70},[52,103358,144],{"class":66},[38,103360,894,103362],{"id":103361},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103363,903],{},[20,103365,799,103366,916],{},[15,103367,903],{},[163,103369,103370,103373,103376],{},[166,103371,103372],{},"Missing values are normal",[166,103374,103375],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[166,103377,103378],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103380,103381],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[38,103383,1158],{"id":1157},[20,103385,7894,103386,114],{},[15,103387,903],{},[699,103389,1174,103391,103393],{"id":103390},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103392,903],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103395,3968],{},[43,103397,103399],{"className":45,"code":103398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103400,103401,103421,103439,103443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103402,103403,103405,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103404,940],{"class":58},[52,103406,63],{"class":62},[52,103408,67],{"class":66},[52,103410,948],{"class":947},[52,103412,80],{"class":66},[52,103414,953],{"class":947},[52,103416,80],{"class":66},[52,103418,958],{"class":947},[52,103420,100],{"class":66},[52,103422,103423,103425,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103424,940],{"class":58},[52,103426,63],{"class":62},[52,103428,970],{"class":58},[52,103430,114],{"class":66},[52,103432,1126],{"class":117},[52,103434,138],{"class":66},[52,103436,1047],{"class":947},[52,103438,144],{"class":66},[52,103440,103441],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103442,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103444,103445,103447,103449,103451],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103446,135],{"class":134},[52,103448,138],{"class":66},[52,103450,1037],{"class":117},[52,103452,144],{"class":66},[20,103454,103455,41589,103457,8048,103459,1837,103461,114],{},[15,103456,1037],{},[15,103458,3220],{},[15,103460,903],{},[15,103462,3220],{},[20,103464,18280],{},[43,103466,103468],{"className":45,"code":103467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103469,103470,103490,103504,103508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103471,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480,103482,103484,103486,103488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103473,940],{"class":58},[52,103475,63],{"class":62},[52,103477,67],{"class":66},[52,103479,948],{"class":947},[52,103481,80],{"class":66},[52,103483,953],{"class":947},[52,103485,80],{"class":66},[52,103487,958],{"class":947},[52,103489,100],{"class":66},[52,103491,103492,103494,103496,103498,103500,103502],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103493,1037],{"class":58},[52,103495,114],{"class":66},[52,103497,1126],{"class":117},[52,103499,138],{"class":66},[52,103501,1047],{"class":947},[52,103503,144],{"class":66},[52,103505,103506],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103507,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,103509,103510,103512,103514,103516],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103511,135],{"class":134},[52,103513,138],{"class":66},[52,103515,1037],{"class":117},[52,103517,144],{"class":66},[699,103519,36636,103521,8151,103523],{"id":103520},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103522,903],{},[15,103524,900],{},[20,103526,103527,103528,114],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103529,903],{},[43,103531,103533],{"className":45,"code":103532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103534,103535,103567,103588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103538,35524],{"class":58},[52,103540,63],{"class":62},[52,103542,67],{"class":66},[52,103544,71],{"class":70},[52,103546,221],{"class":74},[52,103548,71],{"class":70},[52,103550,80],{"class":66},[52,103552,83],{"class":70},[52,103554,4204],{"class":74},[52,103556,71],{"class":70},[52,103558,80],{"class":66},[52,103560,83],{"class":70},[52,103562,9187],{"class":74},[52,103564,71],{"class":70},[52,103566,100],{"class":66},[52,103568,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103570,35577],{"class":58},[52,103572,114],{"class":66},[52,103574,1126],{"class":117},[52,103576,138],{"class":66},[52,103578,71],{"class":70},[52,103580,21517],{"class":74},[52,103582,71],{"class":70},[52,103584,3102],{"class":66},[52,103586,103587],{"class":3105},"   # safe\n",[52,103589,103590,103592,103594,103596],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103591,135],{"class":134},[52,103593,138],{"class":66},[52,103595,35577],{"class":117},[52,103597,144],{"class":66},[20,103599,103600,103601,45343,103604,114],{},"If you use ",[15,103602,103603],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103605,639],{},[699,103607,25057,103609,103611],{"id":103608},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103610,903],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103613,103614,101633],{},[15,103615,903],{},[20,103617,16083],{},[43,103619,103621],{"className":45,"code":103620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103622,103623,103643],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103624,103625,103627,103629,103631,103633,103635,103637,103639,103641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103626,59],{"class":58},[52,103628,63],{"class":62},[52,103630,3063],{"class":66},[52,103632,948],{"class":947},[52,103634,80],{"class":66},[52,103636,953],{"class":947},[52,103638,80],{"class":66},[52,103640,958],{"class":947},[52,103642,3076],{"class":66},[52,103644,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103646,154],{"class":58},[52,103648,114],{"class":66},[52,103650,1126],{"class":117},[52,103652,138],{"class":66},[52,103654,1047],{"class":947},[52,103656,144],{"class":66},[20,103658,103659,103660,202],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103661,903],{},[43,103663,103665],{"className":45,"code":103664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103666,103667,103687,103701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103668,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679,103681,103683,103685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103670,59],{"class":58},[52,103672,63],{"class":62},[52,103674,67],{"class":66},[52,103676,948],{"class":947},[52,103678,80],{"class":66},[52,103680,953],{"class":947},[52,103682,80],{"class":66},[52,103684,958],{"class":947},[52,103686,100],{"class":66},[52,103688,103689,103691,103693,103695,103697,103699],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103690,154],{"class":58},[52,103692,114],{"class":66},[52,103694,1126],{"class":117},[52,103696,138],{"class":66},[52,103698,1047],{"class":947},[52,103700,144],{"class":66},[52,103702,103703,103705,103707,103709],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103704,135],{"class":134},[52,103706,138],{"class":66},[52,103708,154],{"class":117},[52,103710,144],{"class":66},[699,103712,103714],{"id":103713},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103716,103717],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103719,2275],{},[43,103721,103723],{"className":45,"code":103722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103724,103725,103745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103726,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103728,8613],{"class":58},[52,103730,63],{"class":62},[52,103732,67],{"class":66},[52,103734,948],{"class":947},[52,103736,80],{"class":66},[52,103738,953],{"class":947},[52,103740,80],{"class":66},[52,103742,958],{"class":947},[52,103744,100],{"class":66},[52,103746,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103748,8652],{"class":58},[52,103750,114],{"class":66},[52,103752,1126],{"class":117},[52,103754,2424],{"class":66},[52,103756,1047],{"class":947},[52,103758,3332],{"class":66},[20,103760,103761],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[38,103763,8319],{"id":8318},[20,103765,8322,103766,103768],{},[15,103767,903],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,103770,103772],{"className":45,"code":103771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103773,103774,103784,103798,103812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103775,103776,103778,103780,103782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103777,135],{"class":134},[52,103779,138],{"class":66},[52,103781,238],{"class":117},[52,103783,144],{"class":66},[52,103785,103786,103788,103790,103792,103794,103796],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,103787,135],{"class":134},[52,103789,138],{"class":66},[52,103791,1231],{"class":600},[52,103793,138],{"class":66},[52,103795,238],{"class":117},[52,103797,1222],{"class":66},[52,103799,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,103801,135],{"class":134},[52,103803,138],{"class":66},[52,103805,965],{"class":117},[52,103807,3326],{"class":731},[52,103809,1246],{"class":117},[52,103811,144],{"class":66},[52,103813,103814,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,103815,31583],{"class":134},[52,103817,138],{"class":66},[52,103819,601],{"class":600},[52,103821,114],{"class":66},[52,103823,1126],{"class":24190},[52,103825,144],{"class":66},[20,103827,10613],{},[163,103829,103830,103833,103836,103839],{},[166,103831,103832],{},"What is currently in the set",[166,103834,103835],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[166,103837,103838],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[166,103840,103841],{},"How Python documents the method",[38,103843,1273],{"id":1272},[699,103845,103847],{"id":103846},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103849,103850,103851,103853],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103852,903],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[699,103855,4586,103857,12159],{"id":103856},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103858,462],{},[20,103860,4592,103861,103863],{},[15,103862,3220],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[699,103865,4624,103867,803,103869,1293],{"id":103866},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103868,903],{},[15,103870,900],{},[20,103872,103873,103874,25977,103876,103878,103879,103881],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103875,900],{},[15,103877,639],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103880,903],{}," does not.",[699,103883,27767,103885,103887],{"id":103884},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103886,903],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103889,45800,103890,103892],{},[15,103891,903],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[38,103894,1332],{"id":1331},[163,103896,103897,103903,103909,103914,103918],{},[166,103898,103899],{},[221,103900,1343,103901,1070],{"href":452},[15,103902,900],{},[166,103904,103905],{},[221,103906,1343,103907,1070],{"href":97640},[15,103908,17],{},[166,103910,103911],{},[221,103912,103913],{"href":97310},"Python set: creating a set",[166,103915,103916],{},[221,103917,99775],{"href":98217},[166,103919,103920],{},[221,103921,1356],{"href":695},[1364,103923,103924],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":103926},[103927,103928,103930,103933,103938,103939,103940,103941,103943,103952,103953,103962],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":102453,"depth":103,"text":103929},"What set.discard() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":103931},[103932],{"id":102525,"depth":124,"text":102526},{"id":102605,"depth":103,"text":103934,"children":103935},"What makes discard() different",[103936],{"id":102644,"depth":124,"text":103937},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102797,"depth":103,"text":102798},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":103168,"depth":103,"text":103169},{"id":103361,"depth":103,"text":103942},"When to use discard()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":103944},[103945,103947,103949,103951],{"id":103390,"depth":124,"text":103946},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103520,"depth":124,"text":103948},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103608,"depth":124,"text":103950},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103713,"depth":124,"text":103714},{"id":8318,"depth":103,"text":8319},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":103954},[103955,103956,103958,103960],{"id":103846,"depth":124,"text":103847},{"id":103856,"depth":124,"text":103957},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103866,"depth":124,"text":103959},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103884,"depth":124,"text":103961},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102272,"description":103963},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103970,"title":103971,"body":103972,"description":105978,"extension":1401,"meta":105979,"navigation":127,"path":105980,"seo":105981,"stem":105982,"__hash__":105983},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103973,"toc":105936},[103974,103977,103985,103990,104001,104003,104058,104062,104082,104087,104091,104096,104098,104112,104114,104189,104191,104224,104229,104234,104236,104238,104253,104256,104264,104269,104284,104286,104375,104377,104466,104472,104476,104478,104516,104518,104542,104545,104560,104562,104617,104619,104652,104654,104659,104663,104667,104672,104737,104739,104759,104765,104769,104826,104828,104849,104853,104858,104903,104905,104938,104941,104945,104978,104980,105009,105013,105017,105020,105022,105041,105043,105089,105094,105108,105110,105141,105146,105149,105193,105195,105223,105227,105231,105247,105250,105315,105317,105329,105332,105336,105339,105344,105372,105374,105392,105398,105437,105439,105457,105463,105492,105494,105512,105515,105532,105534,105539,105543,105546,105572,105579,105584,105599,105608,105612,105615,105646,105652,105655,105664,105667,105669,105671,105729,105732,105757,105759,105763,105766,105770,105778,105782,105785,105789,105792,105794,105817,105819,105860,105867,105875,105878,105909,105911,105933],[10,103975,103971],{"id":103976},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103978,8570,103979,103981,103982,114],{},[15,103980,3239],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,103983,103984],{},"unique values only",[20,103986,34838,103987,103989],{},[15,103988,3239],{}," to:",[163,103991,103992,103995,103998],{},[166,103993,103994],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[166,103996,103997],{},"check whether a value exists",[166,103999,104000],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[38,104002,41],{"id":40},[43,104004,104006],{"className":45,"code":104005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104007,104008,104032,104047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104009,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018,104020,104022,104024,104026,104028,104030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104011,940],{"class":58},[52,104013,63],{"class":62},[52,104015,3063],{"class":66},[52,104017,948],{"class":947},[52,104019,80],{"class":66},[52,104021,953],{"class":947},[52,104023,80],{"class":66},[52,104025,953],{"class":947},[52,104027,80],{"class":66},[52,104029,958],{"class":947},[52,104031,3076],{"class":66},[52,104033,104034,104037,104039,104041,104043,104045],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104035,104036],{"class":58},"unique_numbers ",[52,104038,63],{"class":62},[52,104040,655],{"class":600},[52,104042,138],{"class":66},[52,104044,1037],{"class":117},[52,104046,144],{"class":66},[52,104048,104049,104051,104053,104056],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104050,135],{"class":134},[52,104052,138],{"class":66},[52,104054,104055],{"class":117},"unique_numbers",[52,104057,144],{"class":66},[20,104059,104060],{},[30,104061,1509],{},[43,104063,104064],{"className":45,"code":96037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104065,104066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104067,104068,104070,104072,104074,104076,104078,104080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104069,8726],{"class":66},[52,104071,948],{"class":947},[52,104073,80],{"class":66},[52,104075,953],{"class":947},[52,104077,80],{"class":66},[52,104079,958],{"class":947},[52,104081,100],{"class":66},[20,104083,799,104084,104086],{},[15,104085,3239],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[38,104088,104090],{"id":104089},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104092,104093,104095],{},[15,104094,3239],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104097,29970],{},[163,104099,104100,104103,104106,104109],{},[166,104101,104102],{},"A set stores unique items only",[166,104104,104105],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[166,104107,104108],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[166,104110,104111],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104113,267],{},[43,104115,104117],{"className":45,"code":104116,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104118,104119,104159,104174,104178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104120,104121,104123,104125,104127,104129,104131,104133,104135,104137,104139,104141,104143,104145,104147,104149,104151,104153,104155,104157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104122,277],{"class":58},[52,104124,63],{"class":62},[52,104126,3063],{"class":66},[52,104128,71],{"class":70},[52,104130,286],{"class":74},[52,104132,71],{"class":70},[52,104134,80],{"class":66},[52,104136,83],{"class":70},[52,104138,295],{"class":74},[52,104140,71],{"class":70},[52,104142,80],{"class":66},[52,104144,83],{"class":70},[52,104146,286],{"class":74},[52,104148,71],{"class":70},[52,104150,80],{"class":66},[52,104152,83],{"class":70},[52,104154,304],{"class":74},[52,104156,71],{"class":70},[52,104158,3076],{"class":66},[52,104160,104161,104164,104166,104168,104170,104172],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104162,104163],{"class":58},"unique_colors ",[52,104165,63],{"class":62},[52,104167,655],{"class":600},[52,104169,138],{"class":66},[52,104171,348],{"class":117},[52,104173,144],{"class":66},[52,104175,104176],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104177,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,104179,104180,104182,104184,104187],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104181,135],{"class":134},[52,104183,138],{"class":66},[52,104185,104186],{"class":117},"unique_colors",[52,104188,144],{"class":66},[20,104190,577],{},[43,104192,104194],{"className":45,"code":104193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104195,104196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104197,104198,104200,104202,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104199,8726],{"class":66},[52,104201,608],{"class":70},[52,104203,295],{"class":74},[52,104205,608],{"class":70},[52,104207,80],{"class":66},[52,104209,617],{"class":70},[52,104211,304],{"class":74},[52,104213,608],{"class":70},[52,104215,80],{"class":66},[52,104217,617],{"class":70},[52,104219,286],{"class":74},[52,104221,608],{"class":70},[52,104223,100],{"class":66},[20,104225,1725,104226,104228],{},[15,104227,64828],{}," appears only once.",[20,104230,104231,104232,114],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[221,104233,224],{"href":95758},[38,104235,228],{"id":227},[20,104237,1597],{},[43,104239,104241],{"className":45,"code":104240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104242,104243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104244,104245,104247,104249,104251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104246,601],{"class":600},[52,104248,138],{"class":66},[52,104250,3162],{"class":117},[52,104252,144],{"class":66},[20,104254,104255],{},"The argument is optional.",[163,104257,104258,104261],{},[166,104259,104260],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[166,104262,104263],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104265,104266,104267,202],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104268,3239],{},[163,104270,104271,104273,104275,104277,104281],{},[166,104272,7540],{},[166,104274,48389],{},[166,104276,60610],{},[166,104278,104279],{},[15,104280,35632],{},[166,104282,104283],{},"another set",[20,104285,1564],{},[43,104287,104289],{"className":45,"code":104288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104290,104291,104317,104339,104357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104292,104293,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305,104307,104309,104311,104313,104315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104294,135],{"class":134},[52,104296,138],{"class":66},[52,104298,601],{"class":600},[52,104300,2424],{"class":66},[52,104302,948],{"class":947},[52,104304,80],{"class":66},[52,104306,953],{"class":947},[52,104308,80],{"class":66},[52,104310,953],{"class":947},[52,104312,80],{"class":66},[52,104314,958],{"class":947},[52,104316,2437],{"class":66},[52,104318,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104320,135],{"class":134},[52,104322,138],{"class":66},[52,104324,601],{"class":600},[52,104326,4957],{"class":66},[52,104328,1770],{"class":947},[52,104330,80],{"class":66},[52,104332,7237],{"class":947},[52,104334,80],{"class":66},[52,104336,5451],{"class":947},[52,104338,2350],{"class":66},[52,104340,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351,104353,104355],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104342,135],{"class":134},[52,104344,138],{"class":66},[52,104346,601],{"class":600},[52,104348,138],{"class":66},[52,104350,71],{"class":70},[52,104352,3288],{"class":74},[52,104354,71],{"class":70},[52,104356,1222],{"class":66},[52,104358,104359,104361,104363,104365,104367,104369,104371,104373],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104360,135],{"class":134},[52,104362,138],{"class":66},[52,104364,601],{"class":600},[52,104366,138],{"class":66},[52,104368,59434],{"class":134},[52,104370,138],{"class":66},[52,104372,1943],{"class":947},[52,104374,2350],{"class":66},[20,104376,577],{},[43,104378,104380],{"className":45,"code":104379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104381,104382,104398,104410,104446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104383,104384,104386,104388,104390,104392,104394,104396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104385,8726],{"class":66},[52,104387,948],{"class":947},[52,104389,80],{"class":66},[52,104391,953],{"class":947},[52,104393,80],{"class":66},[52,104395,958],{"class":947},[52,104397,100],{"class":66},[52,104399,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104401,8726],{"class":66},[52,104403,1770],{"class":947},[52,104405,80],{"class":66},[52,104407,7237],{"class":947},[52,104409,100],{"class":66},[52,104411,104412,104414,104416,104418,104420,104422,104424,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104413,8726],{"class":66},[52,104415,608],{"class":70},[52,104417,59874],{"class":74},[52,104419,608],{"class":70},[52,104421,80],{"class":66},[52,104423,617],{"class":70},[52,104425,59883],{"class":74},[52,104427,608],{"class":70},[52,104429,80],{"class":66},[52,104431,617],{"class":70},[52,104433,59892],{"class":74},[52,104435,608],{"class":70},[52,104437,80],{"class":66},[52,104439,617],{"class":70},[52,104441,59909],{"class":74},[52,104443,608],{"class":70},[52,104445,100],{"class":66},[52,104447,104448,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462,104464],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104449,8726],{"class":66},[52,104451,1558],{"class":947},[52,104453,80],{"class":66},[52,104455,4944],{"class":947},[52,104457,80],{"class":66},[52,104459,953],{"class":947},[52,104461,80],{"class":66},[52,104463,958],{"class":947},[52,104465,100],{"class":66},[20,104467,104468,104469,114],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[221,104470,104471],{"href":64283},"Python list() function explained",[38,104473,104475],{"id":104474},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104477,97706],{},[43,104479,104480],{"className":45,"code":98671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104481,104482,104492,104502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104483,104484,104486,104488,104490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104485,97716],{"class":58},[52,104487,63],{"class":62},[52,104489,655],{"class":600},[52,104491,121],{"class":66},[52,104493,104494,104496,104498,104500],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104495,135],{"class":134},[52,104497,138],{"class":66},[52,104499,97735],{"class":117},[52,104501,144],{"class":66},[52,104503,104504,104506,104508,104510,104512,104514],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104505,135],{"class":134},[52,104507,138],{"class":66},[52,104509,1231],{"class":600},[52,104511,138],{"class":66},[52,104513,97735],{"class":117},[52,104515,1222],{"class":66},[20,104517,1509],{},[43,104519,104520],{"className":45,"code":98714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104521,104522,104528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104523,104524,104526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104525,601],{"class":600},[52,104527,121],{"class":66},[52,104529,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104531,2729],{"class":62},[52,104533,2732],{"class":1503},[52,104535,617],{"class":70},[52,104537,601],{"class":74},[52,104539,608],{"class":70},[52,104541,2741],{"class":62},[20,104543,104544],{},"This is important because:",[163,104546,104547,104552],{},[166,104548,104549,104551],{},[15,104550,3239],{}," creates an empty set",[166,104553,104554,104556,104557,104559],{},[15,104555,3234],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,104558,32],{}," a set",[20,104561,267],{},[43,104563,104565],{"className":45,"code":104564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104566,104567,104577,104585,104589,104603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104568,104569,104571,104573,104575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104570,1993],{"class":58},[52,104572,63],{"class":62},[52,104574,655],{"class":600},[52,104576,121],{"class":66},[52,104578,104579,104581,104583],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104580,2021],{"class":58},[52,104582,63],{"class":62},[52,104584,9286],{"class":66},[52,104586,104587],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104588,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,104590,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104592,135],{"class":134},[52,104594,138],{"class":66},[52,104596,1231],{"class":600},[52,104598,138],{"class":66},[52,104600,221],{"class":117},[52,104602,1222],{"class":66},[52,104604,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,104606,135],{"class":134},[52,104608,138],{"class":66},[52,104610,1231],{"class":600},[52,104612,138],{"class":66},[52,104614,4204],{"class":117},[52,104616,1222],{"class":66},[20,104618,1509],{},[43,104620,104622],{"className":45,"code":104621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104623,104624,104638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104625,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104627,2729],{"class":62},[52,104629,2732],{"class":1503},[52,104631,617],{"class":70},[52,104633,601],{"class":74},[52,104635,608],{"class":70},[52,104637,2741],{"class":62},[52,104639,104640,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104641,2729],{"class":62},[52,104643,2732],{"class":1503},[52,104645,617],{"class":70},[52,104647,8268],{"class":74},[52,104649,608],{"class":70},[52,104651,2741],{"class":62},[20,104653,13488],{},[20,104655,104656,104657,114],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[221,104658,103913],{"href":95761},[38,104660,104662],{"id":104661},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[699,104664,104666],{"id":104665},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104668,104669,104670,114],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104671,3239],{},[43,104673,104675],{"className":45,"code":104674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104676,104677,104709,104723,104727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104678,104679,104681,104683,104685,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695,104697,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104680,940],{"class":58},[52,104682,63],{"class":62},[52,104684,3063],{"class":66},[52,104686,948],{"class":947},[52,104688,80],{"class":66},[52,104690,953],{"class":947},[52,104692,80],{"class":66},[52,104694,953],{"class":947},[52,104696,80],{"class":66},[52,104698,958],{"class":947},[52,104700,80],{"class":66},[52,104702,958],{"class":947},[52,104704,80],{"class":66},[52,104706,958],{"class":947},[52,104708,3076],{"class":66},[52,104710,104711,104713,104715,104717,104719,104721],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104712,1668],{"class":58},[52,104714,63],{"class":62},[52,104716,655],{"class":600},[52,104718,138],{"class":66},[52,104720,1037],{"class":117},[52,104722,144],{"class":66},[52,104724,104725],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104726,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,104728,104729,104731,104733,104735],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104730,135],{"class":134},[52,104732,138],{"class":66},[52,104734,1703],{"class":117},[52,104736,144],{"class":66},[20,104738,1509],{},[43,104740,104741],{"className":45,"code":96037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104742,104743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104744,104745,104747,104749,104751,104753,104755,104757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104746,8726],{"class":66},[52,104748,948],{"class":947},[52,104750,80],{"class":66},[52,104752,953],{"class":947},[52,104754,80],{"class":66},[52,104756,958],{"class":947},[52,104758,100],{"class":66},[20,104760,104761,104762,114],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[221,104763,98504],{"href":104764},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[699,104766,104768],{"id":104767},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[43,104770,104772],{"className":45,"code":104771,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104773,104774,104798,104812,104816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104775,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786,104788,104790,104792,104794,104796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104777,3265],{"class":58},[52,104779,63],{"class":62},[52,104781,8684],{"class":66},[52,104783,1131],{"class":947},[52,104785,80],{"class":66},[52,104787,4048],{"class":947},[52,104789,80],{"class":66},[52,104791,5451],{"class":947},[52,104793,80],{"class":66},[52,104795,37369],{"class":947},[52,104797,144],{"class":66},[52,104799,104800,104802,104804,104806,104808,104810],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104801,1668],{"class":58},[52,104803,63],{"class":62},[52,104805,655],{"class":600},[52,104807,138],{"class":66},[52,104809,4804],{"class":117},[52,104811,144],{"class":66},[52,104813,104814],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104815,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,104817,104818,104820,104822,104824],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104819,135],{"class":134},[52,104821,138],{"class":66},[52,104823,1703],{"class":117},[52,104825,144],{"class":66},[20,104827,1509],{},[43,104829,104831],{"className":45,"code":104830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104832,104833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104834,104835,104837,104839,104841,104843,104845,104847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104836,8726],{"class":66},[52,104838,1131],{"class":947},[52,104840,80],{"class":66},[52,104842,5451],{"class":947},[52,104844,80],{"class":66},[52,104846,37369],{"class":947},[52,104848,100],{"class":66},[699,104850,104852],{"id":104851},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104854,50564,104855,104857],{},[15,104856,3239],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[43,104859,104861],{"className":45,"code":104860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104862,104863,104875,104889,104893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104864,104865,104867,104869,104871,104873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104866,34120],{"class":58},[52,104868,63],{"class":62},[52,104870,83],{"class":70},[52,104872,86],{"class":74},[52,104874,2797],{"class":70},[52,104876,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104878,1668],{"class":58},[52,104880,63],{"class":62},[52,104882,655],{"class":600},[52,104884,138],{"class":66},[52,104886,34141],{"class":117},[52,104888,144],{"class":66},[52,104890,104891],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,104892,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,104894,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,104896,135],{"class":134},[52,104898,138],{"class":66},[52,104900,1703],{"class":117},[52,104902,144],{"class":66},[20,104904,577],{},[43,104906,104908],{"className":45,"code":104907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104909,104910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104911,104912,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928,104930,104932,104934,104936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104913,8726],{"class":66},[52,104915,608],{"class":70},[52,104917,4204],{"class":74},[52,104919,608],{"class":70},[52,104921,80],{"class":66},[52,104923,617],{"class":70},[52,104925,221],{"class":74},[52,104927,608],{"class":70},[52,104929,80],{"class":66},[52,104931,617],{"class":70},[52,104933,75462],{"class":74},[52,104935,608],{"class":70},[52,104937,100],{"class":66},[20,104939,104940],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[699,104942,104944],{"id":104943},"from-range","From range()",[43,104946,104948],{"className":45,"code":104947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104949,104950,104968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104951,104952,104954,104956,104958,104960,104962,104964,104966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104953,1668],{"class":58},[52,104955,63],{"class":62},[52,104957,655],{"class":600},[52,104959,138],{"class":66},[52,104961,59434],{"class":134},[52,104963,138],{"class":66},[52,104965,1131],{"class":947},[52,104967,1222],{"class":66},[52,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,104971,135],{"class":134},[52,104973,138],{"class":66},[52,104975,1703],{"class":117},[52,104977,144],{"class":66},[20,104979,1509],{},[43,104981,104983],{"className":45,"code":104982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104984,104985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104986,104987,104989,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005,105007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104988,8726],{"class":66},[52,104990,1558],{"class":947},[52,104992,80],{"class":66},[52,104994,4944],{"class":947},[52,104996,80],{"class":66},[52,104998,953],{"class":947},[52,105000,80],{"class":66},[52,105002,958],{"class":947},[52,105004,80],{"class":66},[52,105006,1896],{"class":947},[52,105008,100],{"class":66},[38,105010,105012],{"id":105011},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105014,98951,105015,114],{},[30,105016,95801],{},[20,105018,105019],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105021,98957],{},[163,105023,105024,105028,105032,105036],{},[166,105025,105026],{},[15,105027,1626],{},[166,105029,105030],{},[15,105031,2882],{},[166,105033,105034],{},[15,105035,1630],{},[166,105037,105038,105040],{},[15,105039,48389],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105042,267],{},[43,105044,105046],{"className":45,"code":105045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105047,105048,105079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105049,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058,105060,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105051,59],{"class":58},[52,105053,63],{"class":62},[52,105055,67],{"class":66},[52,105057,948],{"class":947},[52,105059,80],{"class":66},[52,105061,83],{"class":70},[52,105063,3288],{"class":74},[52,105065,71],{"class":70},[52,105067,80],{"class":66},[52,105069,8684],{"class":66},[52,105071,1770],{"class":947},[52,105073,80],{"class":66},[52,105075,7237],{"class":947},[52,105077,105078],{"class":66},")}\n",[52,105080,105081,105083,105085,105087],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105082,135],{"class":134},[52,105084,138],{"class":66},[52,105086,154],{"class":117},[52,105088,144],{"class":66},[20,105090,99019,105091,105093],{},[30,105092,32],{}," work inside a set:",[163,105095,105096,105100,105104],{},[166,105097,105098],{},[15,105099,7540],{},[166,105101,105102],{},[15,105103,8268],{},[166,105105,105106],{},[15,105107,601],{},[20,105109,96524],{},[43,105111,105113],{"className":45,"code":105112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105114,105115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105116,105117,105119,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105118,99038],{"class":58},[52,105120,63],{"class":62},[52,105122,99043],{"class":66},[52,105124,948],{"class":947},[52,105126,80],{"class":66},[52,105128,953],{"class":947},[52,105130,17501],{"class":66},[52,105132,3063],{"class":66},[52,105134,1500],{"class":947},[52,105136,80],{"class":66},[52,105138,1896],{"class":947},[52,105140,13145],{"class":66},[20,105142,76290,105143,105145],{},[15,105144,2443],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105147,105148],{},"A safer example:",[43,105150,105152],{"className":45,"code":105151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105153,105154,105182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105155,105156,105159,105161,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178,105180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105157,105158],{"class":58},"good_set ",[52,105160,63],{"class":62},[52,105162,105163],{"class":66}," {(",[52,105165,948],{"class":947},[52,105167,80],{"class":66},[52,105169,953],{"class":947},[52,105171,8681],{"class":66},[52,105173,8684],{"class":66},[52,105175,1500],{"class":947},[52,105177,80],{"class":66},[52,105179,1896],{"class":947},[52,105181,105078],{"class":66},[52,105183,105184,105186,105188,105191],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105185,135],{"class":134},[52,105187,138],{"class":66},[52,105189,105190],{"class":117},"good_set",[52,105192,144],{"class":66},[20,105194,1509],{},[43,105196,105198],{"className":45,"code":105197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105199,105200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105201,105202,105205,105207,105209,105211,105213,105215,105217,105219,105221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105203,105204],{"class":66},"{(",[52,105206,948],{"class":947},[52,105208,80],{"class":66},[52,105210,953],{"class":947},[52,105212,8681],{"class":66},[52,105214,8684],{"class":66},[52,105216,1500],{"class":947},[52,105218,80],{"class":66},[52,105220,1896],{"class":947},[52,105222,105078],{"class":66},[38,105224,105226],{"id":105225},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105228,799,105229,916],{},[15,105230,3239],{},[163,105232,105233,105236,105241,105244],{},[166,105234,105235],{},"you need unique values only",[166,105237,105238,105239],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105240,3326],{},[166,105242,105243],{},"order does not matter",[166,105245,105246],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105248,105249],{},"Example of membership checking:",[43,105251,105253],{"className":45,"code":105252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105254,105255,105280,105284,105300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105256,105257,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270,105273,105275,105278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105258,105259],{"class":58},"allowed_ids ",[52,105261,63],{"class":62},[52,105263,655],{"class":600},[52,105265,2424],{"class":66},[52,105267,46027],{"class":947},[52,105269,80],{"class":66},[52,105271,105272],{"class":947}," 102",[52,105274,80],{"class":66},[52,105276,105277],{"class":947}," 103",[52,105279,3332],{"class":66},[52,105281,105282],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105283,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,105285,105286,105288,105290,105293,105295,105298],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,105287,135],{"class":134},[52,105289,138],{"class":66},[52,105291,105292],{"class":947},"102",[52,105294,20613],{"class":731},[52,105296,105297],{"class":117}," allowed_ids",[52,105299,144],{"class":66},[52,105301,105302,105304,105306,105309,105311,105313],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105303,135],{"class":134},[52,105305,138],{"class":66},[52,105307,105308],{"class":947},"999",[52,105310,20613],{"class":731},[52,105312,105297],{"class":117},[52,105314,144],{"class":66},[20,105316,1509],{},[43,105318,105319],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105320,105321,105325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105322,105323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105324,3424],{"class":3295},[52,105326,105327],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105328,3485],{"class":3295},[20,105330,105331],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[38,105333,105335],{"id":105334},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105337,105338],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[699,105340,799,105342,97648],{"id":105341},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105343,3239],{},[43,105345,105346],{"className":45,"code":97709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105347,105348,105358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105349,105350,105352,105354,105356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105351,97716],{"class":58},[52,105353,63],{"class":62},[52,105355,655],{"class":600},[52,105357,121],{"class":66},[52,105359,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105361,135],{"class":134},[52,105363,138],{"class":66},[52,105365,1231],{"class":600},[52,105367,138],{"class":66},[52,105369,97735],{"class":117},[52,105371,1222],{"class":66},[20,105373,1509],{},[43,105375,105376],{"className":45,"code":8299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105377,105378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105379,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105381,2729],{"class":62},[52,105383,2732],{"class":1503},[52,105385,617],{"class":70},[52,105387,601],{"class":74},[52,105389,608],{"class":70},[52,105391,2741],{"class":62},[699,105393,799,105395,105397],{"id":105394},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105396,99708],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[43,105399,105401],{"className":45,"code":105400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105402,105403,105423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105404,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415,105417,105419,105421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105406,940],{"class":58},[52,105408,63],{"class":62},[52,105410,67],{"class":66},[52,105412,948],{"class":947},[52,105414,80],{"class":66},[52,105416,953],{"class":947},[52,105418,80],{"class":66},[52,105420,958],{"class":947},[52,105422,100],{"class":66},[52,105424,105425,105427,105429,105431,105433,105435],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105426,135],{"class":134},[52,105428,138],{"class":66},[52,105430,1231],{"class":600},[52,105432,138],{"class":66},[52,105434,1037],{"class":117},[52,105436,1222],{"class":66},[20,105438,1509],{},[43,105440,105441],{"className":45,"code":8299,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105442,105443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105444,105445,105447,105449,105451,105453,105455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105446,2729],{"class":62},[52,105448,2732],{"class":1503},[52,105450,617],{"class":70},[52,105452,601],{"class":74},[52,105454,608],{"class":70},[52,105456,2741],{"class":62},[699,105458,799,105460,105462],{"id":105459},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105461,3234],{}," for an empty dictionary",[43,105464,105466],{"className":45,"code":105465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105467,105468,105477],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105469,105470,105473,105475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105471,105472],{"class":58},"empty_dict ",[52,105474,63],{"class":62},[52,105476,9286],{"class":66},[52,105478,105479,105481,105483,105485,105487,105490],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105480,135],{"class":134},[52,105482,138],{"class":66},[52,105484,1231],{"class":600},[52,105486,138],{"class":66},[52,105488,105489],{"class":117},"empty_dict",[52,105491,1222],{"class":66},[20,105493,1509],{},[43,105495,105496],{"className":45,"code":8255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105497,105498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105499,105500,105502,105504,105506,105508,105510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105501,2729],{"class":62},[52,105503,2732],{"class":1503},[52,105505,617],{"class":70},[52,105507,8268],{"class":74},[52,105509,608],{"class":70},[52,105511,2741],{"class":62},[20,105513,105514],{},"So the rule is simple:",[163,105516,105517,105522,105527],{},[166,105518,105519,105521],{},[15,105520,3239],{}," → empty set",[166,105523,105524,105526],{},[15,105525,99708],{}," → non-empty set",[166,105528,105529,105531],{},[15,105530,3234],{}," → empty dictionary",[38,105533,1158],{"id":1157},[20,105535,105536,105537,114],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105538,3239],{},[699,105540,1185,105541,99306],{"id":99303},[15,105542,3234],{},[20,105544,105545],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[43,105547,105548],{"className":45,"code":99312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105549,105550,105558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105551,105552,105554,105556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105553,965],{"class":58},[52,105555,63],{"class":62},[52,105557,9286],{"class":66},[52,105559,105560,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105561,135],{"class":134},[52,105563,138],{"class":66},[52,105565,1231],{"class":600},[52,105567,138],{"class":66},[52,105569,985],{"class":117},[52,105571,1222],{"class":66},[699,105573,105575,105576],{"id":105574},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105577,105578],{},"set(5)",[20,105580,105581,105583],{},[15,105582,3239],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[43,105585,105587],{"className":45,"code":105586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(5)\n",[15,105588,105589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105590,105591,105593,105595,105597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105592,601],{"class":600},[52,105594,138],{"class":66},[52,105596,1131],{"class":947},[52,105598,144],{"class":66},[20,105600,2440,105601,105603,105604,114],{},[15,105602,2443],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[221,105605,105607],{"href":105606},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[699,105609,105611],{"id":105610},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105613,105614],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,105616,105618],{"className":45,"code":105617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105619,105620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105621,105622,105624,105626,105628,105630,105632,105634,105636,105638,105640,105642,105644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105623,965],{"class":58},[52,105625,63],{"class":62},[52,105627,99043],{"class":66},[52,105629,948],{"class":947},[52,105631,80],{"class":66},[52,105633,953],{"class":947},[52,105635,17501],{"class":66},[52,105637,3063],{"class":66},[52,105639,1500],{"class":947},[52,105641,80],{"class":66},[52,105643,1896],{"class":947},[52,105645,13145],{"class":66},[699,105647,1174,105649,105651],{"id":105648},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105650,3239],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105653,105654],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[699,105656,36636,105658,8151,105660,456,105662],{"id":105657},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105659,3239],{},[15,105661,24221],{},[15,105663,8567],{},[20,105665,105666],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[38,105668,60146],{"id":60145},[20,105670,10556],{},[43,105672,105674],{"className":45,"code":105673,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105675,105676,105691,105701,105715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105677,105678,105680,105682,105684,105686,105689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105679,135],{"class":134},[52,105681,138],{"class":66},[52,105683,1231],{"class":600},[52,105685,138],{"class":66},[52,105687,105688],{"class":117},"my_value",[52,105690,1222],{"class":66},[52,105692,105693,105695,105697,105699],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,105694,135],{"class":134},[52,105696,138],{"class":66},[52,105698,105688],{"class":117},[52,105700,144],{"class":66},[52,105702,105703,105705,105707,105709,105711,105713],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,105704,135],{"class":134},[52,105706,138],{"class":66},[52,105708,7540],{"class":600},[52,105710,138],{"class":66},[52,105712,238],{"class":117},[52,105714,1222],{"class":66},[52,105716,105717,105719,105721,105723,105725,105727],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,105718,135],{"class":134},[52,105720,138],{"class":66},[52,105722,1215],{"class":134},[52,105724,138],{"class":66},[52,105726,238],{"class":117},[52,105728,1222],{"class":66},[20,105730,105731],{},"What they help you see:",[163,105733,105734,105740,105745,105751],{},[166,105735,105736,105739],{},[15,105737,105738],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[166,105741,105742,89979],{},[15,105743,105744],{},"print(my_value)",[166,105746,105747,105750],{},[15,105748,105749],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[166,105752,105753,105756],{},[15,105754,105755],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[38,105758,1273],{"id":1272},[699,105760,105762],{"id":105761},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105764,105765],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[699,105767,105769],{"id":105768},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105771,799,105772,105774,105775,105777],{},[15,105773,3239],{},". Do not use ",[15,105776,3234],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[699,105779,105781],{"id":105780},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105783,105784],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[699,105786,105788],{"id":105787},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105790,105791],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105793,267],{},[43,105795,105797],{"className":45,"code":105796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105798,105799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105800,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105802,135],{"class":134},[52,105804,138],{"class":66},[52,105806,601],{"class":600},[52,105808,138],{"class":66},[52,105810,71],{"class":70},[52,105812,75],{"class":74},[52,105814,71],{"class":70},[52,105816,1222],{"class":66},[20,105818,577],{},[43,105820,105822],{"className":45,"code":105821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105823,105824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105825,105826,105828,105830,105832,105834,105836,105838,105840,105842,105844,105846,105848,105850,105852,105854,105856,105858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105827,8726],{"class":66},[52,105829,608],{"class":70},[52,105831,221],{"class":74},[52,105833,608],{"class":70},[52,105835,80],{"class":66},[52,105837,617],{"class":70},[52,105839,20],{"class":74},[52,105841,608],{"class":70},[52,105843,80],{"class":66},[52,105845,617],{"class":70},[52,105847,59892],{"class":74},[52,105849,608],{"class":70},[52,105851,80],{"class":66},[52,105853,617],{"class":70},[52,105855,59883],{"class":74},[52,105857,608],{"class":70},[52,105859,100],{"class":66},[699,105861,4602,105863,105866],{"id":105862},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105864,105865],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105868,105869,28123,105871,105874],{},[15,105870,3239],{},[30,105872,105873],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105876,105877],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[43,105879,105881],{"className":45,"code":105880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105882,105883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105884,105885,105887,105889,105891,105893,105895,105897,105899,105901,105903,105905,105907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105886,135],{"class":134},[52,105888,138],{"class":66},[52,105890,601],{"class":600},[52,105892,2424],{"class":66},[52,105894,948],{"class":947},[52,105896,80],{"class":66},[52,105898,953],{"class":947},[52,105900,80],{"class":66},[52,105902,958],{"class":947},[52,105904,80],{"class":66},[52,105906,1896],{"class":947},[52,105908,2437],{"class":66},[38,105910,1332],{"id":1331},[163,105912,105913,105917,105921,105925,105929],{},[166,105914,105915],{},[221,105916,224],{"href":95758},[166,105918,105919],{},[221,105920,103913],{"href":95761},[166,105922,105923],{},[221,105924,99770],{"href":104764},[166,105926,105927],{},[221,105928,104471],{"href":64283},[166,105930,105931],{},[221,105932,105607],{"href":105606},[1364,105934,105935],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":105937},[105938,105939,105940,105941,105942,105948,105949,105950,105958,105968,105969,105977],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":104089,"depth":103,"text":104090},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":104474,"depth":103,"text":104475},{"id":104661,"depth":103,"text":104662,"children":105943},[105944,105945,105946,105947],{"id":104665,"depth":124,"text":104666},{"id":104767,"depth":124,"text":104768},{"id":104851,"depth":124,"text":104852},{"id":104943,"depth":124,"text":104944},{"id":105011,"depth":103,"text":105012},{"id":105225,"depth":103,"text":105226},{"id":105334,"depth":103,"text":105335,"children":105951},[105952,105954,105956],{"id":105341,"depth":124,"text":105953},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105394,"depth":124,"text":105955},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105459,"depth":124,"text":105957},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":105959},[105960,105961,105963,105964,105966],{"id":99303,"depth":124,"text":99811},{"id":105574,"depth":124,"text":105962},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105610,"depth":124,"text":105611},{"id":105648,"depth":124,"text":105965},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105657,"depth":124,"text":105967},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60145,"depth":103,"text":60146},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":105970},[105971,105972,105973,105974,105975],{"id":105761,"depth":124,"text":105762},{"id":105768,"depth":124,"text":105769},{"id":105780,"depth":124,"text":105781},{"id":105787,"depth":124,"text":105788},{"id":105862,"depth":124,"text":105976},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103971,"description":105978},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105985,"title":105986,"body":105987,"description":107502,"extension":1401,"meta":107503,"navigation":127,"path":107504,"seo":107505,"stem":107506,"__hash__":107507},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105988,"toc":107478},[105989,105995,106000,106003,106086,106091,106096,106101,106103,106116,106120,106122,106141,106144,106167,106170,106181,106183,106264,106266,106283,106285,106291,106294,106389,106391,106422,106424,106432,106434,106437,106548,106550,106575,106577,106599,106604,106609,106615,106724,106726,106742,106745,106748,106831,106833,106850,106858,106860,106864,106870,106961,106963,106996,107001,107008,107085,107087,107104,107110,107112,107116,107132,107135,107161,107163,107224,107226,107349,107351,107402,107408,107410,107415,107417,107423,107426,107430,107433,107437,107440,107450,107452,107475],[10,105990,3015,105992,18],{"id":105991},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105993,105994],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105996,1418,105997,105999],{},[15,105998,105994],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106001,106002],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[43,106004,106006],{"className":45,"code":106005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106007,106008,106028,106048,106052,106071,106081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106009,106010,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020,106022,106024,106026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106011,1993],{"class":58},[52,106013,63],{"class":62},[52,106015,67],{"class":66},[52,106017,948],{"class":947},[52,106019,80],{"class":66},[52,106021,953],{"class":947},[52,106023,80],{"class":66},[52,106025,958],{"class":947},[52,106027,100],{"class":66},[52,106029,106030,106032,106034,106036,106038,106040,106042,106044,106046],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106031,2021],{"class":58},[52,106033,63],{"class":62},[52,106035,67],{"class":66},[52,106037,1047],{"class":947},[52,106039,80],{"class":66},[52,106041,958],{"class":947},[52,106043,80],{"class":66},[52,106045,1896],{"class":947},[52,106047,100],{"class":66},[52,106049,106050],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106051,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106053,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062,106065,106067,106069],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106055,1668],{"class":58},[52,106057,63],{"class":62},[52,106059,56323],{"class":58},[52,106061,114],{"class":66},[52,106063,106064],{"class":117},"intersection",[52,106066,138],{"class":66},[52,106068,4204],{"class":117},[52,106070,144],{"class":66},[52,106072,106073,106075,106077,106079],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,106074,135],{"class":134},[52,106076,138],{"class":66},[52,106078,1703],{"class":117},[52,106080,144],{"class":66},[52,106082,106083],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,106084,106085],{"class":3105},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106087,799,106088,106090],{},[15,106089,102217],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[38,106092,12439,106094,12442],{"id":106093},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106095,102217],{},[20,106097,106098,106100],{},[15,106099,102217],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106102,247],{},[163,106104,106105,106108,106110,106113],{},[166,106106,106107],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[166,106109,99987],{},[166,106111,106112],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[166,106114,106115],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106117,219,106118,114],{},[221,106119,224],{"href":95758},[38,106121,228],{"id":227},[43,106123,106125],{"className":45,"code":106124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106126,106127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106128,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106130,100011],{"class":58},[52,106132,114],{"class":66},[52,106134,106064],{"class":117},[52,106136,138],{"class":66},[52,106138,100020],{"class":117},[52,106140,144],{"class":66},[20,106142,106143],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[43,106145,106147],{"className":45,"code":106146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106148,106149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106150,106151,106153,106155,106157,106159,106161,106163,106165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106152,100011],{"class":58},[52,106154,114],{"class":66},[52,106156,106064],{"class":117},[52,106158,138],{"class":66},[52,106160,100020],{"class":117},[52,106162,80],{"class":66},[52,106164,100047],{"class":117},[52,106166,144],{"class":66},[20,106168,106169],{},"Important notes:",[163,106171,106172,106175,106178],{},[166,106173,106174],{},"The result is always a new set",[166,106176,106177],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[166,106179,106180],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106182,267],{},[43,106184,106186],{"className":45,"code":106185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106187,106188,106212,106232,106236,106254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106189,106190,106192,106194,106196,106198,106200,106202,106204,106206,106208,106210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106191,1993],{"class":58},[52,106193,63],{"class":62},[52,106195,67],{"class":66},[52,106197,948],{"class":947},[52,106199,80],{"class":66},[52,106201,953],{"class":947},[52,106203,80],{"class":66},[52,106205,958],{"class":947},[52,106207,80],{"class":66},[52,106209,1896],{"class":947},[52,106211,100],{"class":66},[52,106213,106214,106216,106218,106220,106222,106224,106226,106228,106230],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106215,2021],{"class":58},[52,106217,63],{"class":62},[52,106219,67],{"class":66},[52,106221,1500],{"class":947},[52,106223,80],{"class":66},[52,106225,1896],{"class":947},[52,106227,80],{"class":66},[52,106229,4048],{"class":947},[52,106231,100],{"class":66},[52,106233,106234],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106235,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106237,106238,106240,106242,106244,106246,106248,106250,106252],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106239,1668],{"class":58},[52,106241,63],{"class":62},[52,106243,56323],{"class":58},[52,106245,114],{"class":66},[52,106247,106064],{"class":117},[52,106249,138],{"class":66},[52,106251,4204],{"class":117},[52,106253,144],{"class":66},[52,106255,106256,106258,106260,106262],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,106257,135],{"class":134},[52,106259,138],{"class":66},[52,106261,1703],{"class":117},[52,106263,144],{"class":66},[20,106265,1509],{},[43,106267,106269],{"className":45,"code":106268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106270,106271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106272,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106274,8726],{"class":66},[52,106276,1500],{"class":947},[52,106278,80],{"class":66},[52,106280,1896],{"class":947},[52,106282,100],{"class":66},[38,106284,16859],{"id":16858},[20,106286,106287,21415,106289,114],{},[15,106288,102217],{},[30,106290,601],{},[20,106292,106293],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[43,106295,106297],{"className":45,"code":106296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106298,106299,106319,106339,106343,106361,106365,106375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106300,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309,106311,106313,106315,106317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106302,1993],{"class":58},[52,106304,63],{"class":62},[52,106306,67],{"class":66},[52,106308,948],{"class":947},[52,106310,80],{"class":66},[52,106312,953],{"class":947},[52,106314,80],{"class":66},[52,106316,958],{"class":947},[52,106318,100],{"class":66},[52,106320,106321,106323,106325,106327,106329,106331,106333,106335,106337],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106322,2021],{"class":58},[52,106324,63],{"class":62},[52,106326,67],{"class":66},[52,106328,1047],{"class":947},[52,106330,80],{"class":66},[52,106332,958],{"class":947},[52,106334,80],{"class":66},[52,106336,1896],{"class":947},[52,106338,100],{"class":66},[52,106340,106341],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106342,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106344,106345,106347,106349,106351,106353,106355,106357,106359],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106346,1668],{"class":58},[52,106348,63],{"class":62},[52,106350,56323],{"class":58},[52,106352,114],{"class":66},[52,106354,106064],{"class":117},[52,106356,138],{"class":66},[52,106358,4204],{"class":117},[52,106360,144],{"class":66},[52,106362,106363],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,106364,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106366,106367,106369,106371,106373],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,106368,135],{"class":134},[52,106370,138],{"class":66},[52,106372,1703],{"class":117},[52,106374,144],{"class":66},[52,106376,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,106378,135],{"class":134},[52,106380,138],{"class":66},[52,106382,1231],{"class":600},[52,106384,138],{"class":66},[52,106386,1703],{"class":117},[52,106388,1222],{"class":66},[20,106390,1509],{},[43,106392,106394],{"className":45,"code":106393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106395,106396,106408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106397,106398,106400,106402,106404,106406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106399,8726],{"class":66},[52,106401,1047],{"class":947},[52,106403,80],{"class":66},[52,106405,958],{"class":947},[52,106407,100],{"class":66},[52,106409,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106411,2729],{"class":62},[52,106413,2732],{"class":1503},[52,106415,617],{"class":70},[52,106417,601],{"class":74},[52,106419,608],{"class":70},[52,106421,2741],{"class":62},[20,106423,85243],{},[163,106425,106426,106429],{},[166,106427,106428],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[166,106430,106431],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[38,106433,10917],{"id":10916},[20,106435,106436],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[43,106438,106440],{"className":45,"code":106439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106441,106442,106475,106508,106512,106533,106537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106443,106444,106447,106449,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465,106467,106469,106471,106473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106445,106446],{"class":58},"colors1 ",[52,106448,63],{"class":62},[52,106450,67],{"class":66},[52,106452,71],{"class":70},[52,106454,286],{"class":74},[52,106456,71],{"class":70},[52,106458,80],{"class":66},[52,106460,83],{"class":70},[52,106462,295],{"class":74},[52,106464,71],{"class":70},[52,106466,80],{"class":66},[52,106468,83],{"class":70},[52,106470,304],{"class":74},[52,106472,71],{"class":70},[52,106474,100],{"class":66},[52,106476,106477,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106478,106479],{"class":58},"colors2 ",[52,106481,63],{"class":62},[52,106483,67],{"class":66},[52,106485,71],{"class":70},[52,106487,304],{"class":74},[52,106489,71],{"class":70},[52,106491,80],{"class":66},[52,106493,83],{"class":70},[52,106495,21964],{"class":74},[52,106497,71],{"class":70},[52,106499,80],{"class":66},[52,106501,83],{"class":70},[52,106503,295],{"class":74},[52,106505,71],{"class":70},[52,106507,100],{"class":66},[52,106509,106510],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106511,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106513,106514,106517,106519,106522,106524,106526,106528,106531],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106515,106516],{"class":58},"common_colors ",[52,106518,63],{"class":62},[52,106520,106521],{"class":58}," colors1",[52,106523,114],{"class":66},[52,106525,106064],{"class":117},[52,106527,138],{"class":66},[52,106529,106530],{"class":117},"colors2",[52,106532,144],{"class":66},[52,106534,106535],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,106536,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106538,106539,106541,106543,106546],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,106540,135],{"class":134},[52,106542,138],{"class":66},[52,106544,106545],{"class":117},"common_colors",[52,106547,144],{"class":66},[20,106549,1509],{},[43,106551,106553],{"className":45,"code":106552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106554,106555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106556,106557,106559,106561,106563,106565,106567,106569,106571,106573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106558,8726],{"class":66},[52,106560,608],{"class":70},[52,106562,295],{"class":74},[52,106564,608],{"class":70},[52,106566,80],{"class":66},[52,106568,617],{"class":70},[52,106570,304],{"class":74},[52,106572,608],{"class":70},[52,106574,100],{"class":66},[20,106576,11126],{},[163,106578,106579,106585,106589,106594],{},[166,106580,106581,106584],{},[15,106582,106583],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[166,106586,106587,106584],{},[15,106588,106530],{},[166,106590,106591,106593],{},[15,106592,102217],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[166,106595,106596,106597],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106598,106545],{},[38,106600,1185,106602,100584],{"id":106601},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106603,102217],{},[20,106605,106606,106607,114],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106608,102217],{},[20,106610,106611,106612,106614],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,106613,3157],{}," inputs will be kept.",[43,106616,106618],{"className":45,"code":106617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106619,106620,106644,106668,106688,106692,106714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106621,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106623,1993],{"class":58},[52,106625,63],{"class":62},[52,106627,67],{"class":66},[52,106629,948],{"class":947},[52,106631,80],{"class":66},[52,106633,953],{"class":947},[52,106635,80],{"class":66},[52,106637,958],{"class":947},[52,106639,80],{"class":66},[52,106641,1896],{"class":947},[52,106643,100],{"class":66},[52,106645,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106647,2021],{"class":58},[52,106649,63],{"class":62},[52,106651,67],{"class":66},[52,106653,1047],{"class":947},[52,106655,80],{"class":66},[52,106657,958],{"class":947},[52,106659,80],{"class":66},[52,106661,1896],{"class":947},[52,106663,80],{"class":66},[52,106665,4048],{"class":947},[52,106667,100],{"class":66},[52,106669,106670,106672,106674,106676,106678,106680,106682,106684,106686],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106671,82618],{"class":58},[52,106673,63],{"class":62},[52,106675,67],{"class":66},[52,106677,1500],{"class":947},[52,106679,80],{"class":66},[52,106681,1896],{"class":947},[52,106683,80],{"class":66},[52,106685,37076],{"class":947},[52,106687,100],{"class":66},[52,106689,106690],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106691,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106693,106694,106696,106698,106700,106702,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,106695,1668],{"class":58},[52,106697,63],{"class":62},[52,106699,56323],{"class":58},[52,106701,114],{"class":66},[52,106703,106064],{"class":117},[52,106705,138],{"class":66},[52,106707,4204],{"class":117},[52,106709,80],{"class":66},[52,106711,9129],{"class":117},[52,106713,144],{"class":66},[52,106715,106716,106718,106720,106722],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,106717,135],{"class":134},[52,106719,138],{"class":66},[52,106721,1703],{"class":117},[52,106723,144],{"class":66},[20,106725,1509],{},[43,106727,106728],{"className":45,"code":106268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106729,106730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106731,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106733,8726],{"class":66},[52,106735,1500],{"class":947},[52,106737,80],{"class":66},[52,106739,1896],{"class":947},[52,106741,100],{"class":66},[20,106743,106744],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106746,106747],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[43,106749,106751],{"className":45,"code":106750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106752,106753,106777,106781,106821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106754,106755,106757,106759,106761,106763,106765,106767,106769,106771,106773,106775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106756,1993],{"class":58},[52,106758,63],{"class":62},[52,106760,67],{"class":66},[52,106762,948],{"class":947},[52,106764,80],{"class":66},[52,106766,953],{"class":947},[52,106768,80],{"class":66},[52,106770,958],{"class":947},[52,106772,80],{"class":66},[52,106774,1896],{"class":947},[52,106776,100],{"class":66},[52,106778,106779],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106780,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106782,106783,106785,106787,106789,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815,106817,106819],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106784,1668],{"class":58},[52,106786,63],{"class":62},[52,106788,56323],{"class":58},[52,106790,114],{"class":66},[52,106792,106064],{"class":117},[52,106794,2424],{"class":66},[52,106796,1047],{"class":947},[52,106798,80],{"class":66},[52,106800,1896],{"class":947},[52,106802,80],{"class":66},[52,106804,37076],{"class":947},[52,106806,17501],{"class":66},[52,106808,8684],{"class":66},[52,106810,948],{"class":947},[52,106812,80],{"class":66},[52,106814,953],{"class":947},[52,106816,80],{"class":66},[52,106818,1896],{"class":947},[52,106820,1222],{"class":66},[52,106822,106823,106825,106827,106829],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106824,135],{"class":134},[52,106826,138],{"class":66},[52,106828,1703],{"class":117},[52,106830,144],{"class":66},[20,106832,1509],{},[43,106834,106836],{"className":45,"code":106835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106837,106838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106839,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106841,8726],{"class":66},[52,106843,1047],{"class":947},[52,106845,80],{"class":66},[52,106847,1896],{"class":947},[52,106849,100],{"class":66},[38,106851,106853,897,106855],{"id":106852},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106854,102217],{},[15,106856,106857],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106859,100754],{},[699,106861,106862],{"id":106064},[15,106863,102217],{},[163,106865,106866,106868],{},[166,106867,100763],{},[166,106869,100766],{},[43,106871,106873],{"className":45,"code":106872,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106874,106875,106895,106915,106919,106937,106941,106951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106876,106877,106879,106881,106883,106885,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106878,1993],{"class":58},[52,106880,63],{"class":62},[52,106882,67],{"class":66},[52,106884,948],{"class":947},[52,106886,80],{"class":66},[52,106888,953],{"class":947},[52,106890,80],{"class":66},[52,106892,958],{"class":947},[52,106894,100],{"class":66},[52,106896,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911,106913],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106898,2021],{"class":58},[52,106900,63],{"class":62},[52,106902,67],{"class":66},[52,106904,1047],{"class":947},[52,106906,80],{"class":66},[52,106908,958],{"class":947},[52,106910,80],{"class":66},[52,106912,1896],{"class":947},[52,106914,100],{"class":66},[52,106916,106917],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,106918,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106920,106921,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933,106935],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,106922,1668],{"class":58},[52,106924,63],{"class":62},[52,106926,56323],{"class":58},[52,106928,114],{"class":66},[52,106930,106064],{"class":117},[52,106932,138],{"class":66},[52,106934,4204],{"class":117},[52,106936,144],{"class":66},[52,106938,106939],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,106940,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,106942,106943,106945,106947,106949],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,106944,135],{"class":134},[52,106946,138],{"class":66},[52,106948,221],{"class":117},[52,106950,144],{"class":66},[52,106952,106953,106955,106957,106959],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,106954,135],{"class":134},[52,106956,138],{"class":66},[52,106958,1703],{"class":117},[52,106960,144],{"class":66},[20,106962,1509],{},[43,106964,106966],{"className":45,"code":106965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106967,106968,106984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106969,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106971,8726],{"class":66},[52,106973,948],{"class":947},[52,106975,80],{"class":66},[52,106977,953],{"class":947},[52,106979,80],{"class":66},[52,106981,958],{"class":947},[52,106983,100],{"class":66},[52,106985,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,106987,8726],{"class":66},[52,106989,1047],{"class":947},[52,106991,80],{"class":66},[52,106993,958],{"class":947},[52,106995,100],{"class":66},[699,106997,106999],{"id":106998},"intersection_update",[15,107000,106857],{},[163,107002,107003,107005],{},[166,107004,100906],{},[166,107006,107007],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[43,107009,107011],{"className":45,"code":107010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107012,107013,107033,107053,107057,107071,107075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107014,107015,107017,107019,107021,107023,107025,107027,107029,107031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107016,1993],{"class":58},[52,107018,63],{"class":62},[52,107020,67],{"class":66},[52,107022,948],{"class":947},[52,107024,80],{"class":66},[52,107026,953],{"class":947},[52,107028,80],{"class":66},[52,107030,958],{"class":947},[52,107032,100],{"class":66},[52,107034,107035,107037,107039,107041,107043,107045,107047,107049,107051],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,107036,2021],{"class":58},[52,107038,63],{"class":62},[52,107040,67],{"class":66},[52,107042,1047],{"class":947},[52,107044,80],{"class":66},[52,107046,958],{"class":947},[52,107048,80],{"class":66},[52,107050,1896],{"class":947},[52,107052,100],{"class":66},[52,107054,107055],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,107056,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,107058,107059,107061,107063,107065,107067,107069],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107060,221],{"class":58},[52,107062,114],{"class":66},[52,107064,106998],{"class":117},[52,107066,138],{"class":66},[52,107068,4204],{"class":117},[52,107070,144],{"class":66},[52,107072,107073],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,107074,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,107076,107077,107079,107081,107083],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,107078,135],{"class":134},[52,107080,138],{"class":66},[52,107082,221],{"class":117},[52,107084,144],{"class":66},[20,107086,1509],{},[43,107088,107090],{"className":45,"code":107089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107091,107092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107093,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107095,8726],{"class":66},[52,107097,1047],{"class":947},[52,107099,80],{"class":66},[52,107101,958],{"class":947},[52,107103,100],{"class":66},[20,107105,107106,107107,107109],{},"Choose ",[15,107108,102217],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[38,107111,3961],{"id":3960},[20,107113,14173,107114,202],{},[15,107115,102217],{},[163,107117,107118,107121,107124,107127],{},[166,107119,107120],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[166,107122,107123],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[166,107125,107126],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[166,107128,107129,107130],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107131,102217],{},[20,107133,107134],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[163,107136,107137,107142,107145,107158],{},[166,107138,1185,107139,107141],{},[15,107140,102217],{}," when order matters",[166,107143,107144],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[166,107146,36636,107147,8151,107149,456,107154],{},[15,107148,102217],{},[221,107150,107152],{"href":107151},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107153,102225],{},[221,107155,107156],{"href":102266},[15,107157,99840],{},[166,107159,107160],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107162,29565],{},[43,107164,107166],{"className":45,"code":107165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107167,107168,107178,107192,107210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107169,107170,107172,107174,107176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107171,135],{"class":134},[52,107173,138],{"class":66},[52,107175,238],{"class":117},[52,107177,144],{"class":66},[52,107179,107180,107182,107184,107186,107188,107190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,107181,135],{"class":134},[52,107183,138],{"class":66},[52,107185,1231],{"class":600},[52,107187,138],{"class":66},[52,107189,1703],{"class":117},[52,107191,1222],{"class":66},[52,107193,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202,107204,107206,107208],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,107195,135],{"class":134},[52,107197,138],{"class":66},[52,107199,100011],{"class":117},[52,107201,114],{"class":66},[52,107203,106064],{"class":117},[52,107205,138],{"class":66},[52,107207,100020],{"class":117},[52,107209,1222],{"class":66},[52,107211,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107213,135],{"class":134},[52,107215,138],{"class":66},[52,107217,1215],{"class":134},[52,107219,138],{"class":66},[52,107221,1703],{"class":117},[52,107223,1222],{"class":66},[20,107225,267],{},[43,107227,107229],{"className":45,"code":107228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107230,107231,107255,107275,107279,107297,107301,107311,107321,107335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107232,107233,107235,107237,107239,107241,107243,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107234,940],{"class":58},[52,107236,63],{"class":62},[52,107238,67],{"class":66},[52,107240,948],{"class":947},[52,107242,80],{"class":66},[52,107244,953],{"class":947},[52,107246,80],{"class":66},[52,107248,953],{"class":947},[52,107250,80],{"class":66},[52,107252,958],{"class":947},[52,107254,100],{"class":66},[52,107256,107257,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,107258,42984],{"class":58},[52,107260,63],{"class":62},[52,107262,67],{"class":66},[52,107264,1047],{"class":947},[52,107266,80],{"class":66},[52,107268,958],{"class":947},[52,107270,80],{"class":66},[52,107272,1896],{"class":947},[52,107274,100],{"class":66},[52,107276,107277],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,107278,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,107280,107281,107283,107285,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107282,1668],{"class":58},[52,107284,63],{"class":62},[52,107286,970],{"class":58},[52,107288,114],{"class":66},[52,107290,106064],{"class":117},[52,107292,138],{"class":66},[52,107294,30173],{"class":117},[52,107296,144],{"class":66},[52,107298,107299],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,107300,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,107302,107303,107305,107307,107309],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,107304,135],{"class":134},[52,107306,138],{"class":66},[52,107308,1037],{"class":117},[52,107310,144],{"class":66},[52,107312,107313,107315,107317,107319],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,107314,135],{"class":134},[52,107316,138],{"class":66},[52,107318,1703],{"class":117},[52,107320,144],{"class":66},[52,107322,107323,107325,107327,107329,107331,107333],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,107324,135],{"class":134},[52,107326,138],{"class":66},[52,107328,1231],{"class":600},[52,107330,138],{"class":66},[52,107332,1703],{"class":117},[52,107334,1222],{"class":66},[52,107336,107337,107339,107341,107343,107345,107347],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,107338,135],{"class":134},[52,107340,138],{"class":66},[52,107342,1215],{"class":134},[52,107344,138],{"class":66},[52,107346,1703],{"class":117},[52,107348,1222],{"class":66},[20,107350,1509],{},[43,107352,107354],{"className":45,"code":107353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107355,107356,107372,107384,107398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107357,107358,107360,107362,107364,107366,107368,107370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107359,8726],{"class":66},[52,107361,948],{"class":947},[52,107363,80],{"class":66},[52,107365,953],{"class":947},[52,107367,80],{"class":66},[52,107369,958],{"class":947},[52,107371,100],{"class":66},[52,107373,107374,107376,107378,107380,107382],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,107375,8726],{"class":66},[52,107377,1047],{"class":947},[52,107379,80],{"class":66},[52,107381,958],{"class":947},[52,107383,100],{"class":66},[52,107385,107386,107388,107390,107392,107394,107396],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,107387,2729],{"class":62},[52,107389,2732],{"class":1503},[52,107391,617],{"class":70},[52,107393,601],{"class":74},[52,107395,608],{"class":70},[52,107397,2741],{"class":62},[52,107399,107400],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,107401,16496],{"class":947},[20,107403,107404,107405,107407],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107406,1047],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,107409,1273],{"id":1272},[699,107411,1277,107413,102165],{"id":107412},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107414,102217],{},[20,107416,102168],{},[699,107418,4614,107420,107422],{"id":107419},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107421,102217],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107424,107425],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[699,107427,107429],{"id":107428},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107431,107432],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[699,107434,107436],{"id":107435},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107438,107439],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[43,107441,107442],{"className":45,"code":96886,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,107443,107444],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107445,107446,107448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107447,601],{"class":600},[52,107449,121],{"class":66},[38,107451,1332],{"id":1331},[163,107453,107454,107458,107465,107471],{},[166,107455,107456],{},[221,107457,224],{"href":95758},[166,107459,107460],{},[221,107461,3015,107462,1070],{"href":107151},[15,107463,107464],{},"set.union()",[166,107466,107467],{},[221,107468,3015,107469,1070],{"href":102266},[15,107470,99845],{},[166,107472,107473],{},[221,107474,99770],{"href":104764},[1364,107476,107477],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":107479},[107480,107482,107483,107484,107485,107487,107492,107493,107501],{"id":106093,"depth":103,"text":107481},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":106601,"depth":103,"text":107486},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106852,"depth":103,"text":107488,"children":107489},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107490,107491],{"id":106064,"depth":124,"text":102217},{"id":106998,"depth":124,"text":106857},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":107494},[107495,107497,107499,107500],{"id":107412,"depth":124,"text":107496},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107419,"depth":124,"text":107498},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107428,"depth":124,"text":107429},{"id":107435,"depth":124,"text":107436},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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,{"id":465,"depth":103,"text":466},{"id":629,"depth":103,"text":630,"children":108601},[108602,108603],{"id":701,"depth":124,"text":1378},{"id":798,"depth":124,"text":1380},{"id":893,"depth":103,"text":1382,"children":108605},[108606,108607,108608],{"id":909,"depth":124,"text":1385},{"id":990,"depth":124,"text":1387},{"id":1074,"depth":124,"text":1389},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":108611},[108612,108613,108614,108615],{"id":1276,"depth":124,"text":1394},{"id":1289,"depth":124,"text":1396},{"id":1305,"depth":124,"text":1306},{"id":1318,"depth":124,"text":1319},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},{},{"title":5,"description":1400},{"id":108620,"title":108621,"body":108622,"description":109776,"extension":1401,"meta":109777,"navigation":127,"path":109778,"seo":109779,"stem":109780,"__hash__":109781},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108623,"toc":109744},[108624,108629,108634,108643,108645,108710,108714,108738,108745,108750,108754,108769,108772,108774,108793,108807,108810,108858,108862,108878,108880,108953,108957,108982,108988,108996,109000,109007,109062,109067,109084,109090,109096,109101,109109,109116,109120,109128,109183,109185,109202,109206,109213,109278,109282,109315,109317,109329,109336,109338,109343,109350,109352,109421,109425,109433,109435,109499,109503,109508,109555,109560,109628,109636,109643,109646,109652,109657,109661,109663,109666,109668,109673,109678,109684,109689,109696,109704,109710,109713,109715,109741],[10,108625,13,108627,18],{"id":108626},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108628,900],{},[20,108630,108631,108633],{},[15,108632,455],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108635,108636,108637,108640,108641,114],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,108638,108639],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108642,639],{},[38,108644,41],{"id":40},[43,108646,108648],{"className":45,"code":108647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108649,108650,108682,108700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108651,108652,108654,108656,108658,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108653,277],{"class":58},[52,108655,63],{"class":62},[52,108657,67],{"class":66},[52,108659,71],{"class":70},[52,108661,286],{"class":74},[52,108663,71],{"class":70},[52,108665,80],{"class":66},[52,108667,83],{"class":70},[52,108669,295],{"class":74},[52,108671,71],{"class":70},[52,108673,80],{"class":66},[52,108675,83],{"class":70},[52,108677,304],{"class":74},[52,108679,71],{"class":70},[52,108681,100],{"class":66},[52,108683,108684,108686,108688,108690,108692,108694,108696,108698],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,108685,348],{"class":58},[52,108687,114],{"class":66},[52,108689,1042],{"class":117},[52,108691,138],{"class":66},[52,108693,71],{"class":70},[52,108695,295],{"class":74},[52,108697,71],{"class":70},[52,108699,144],{"class":66},[52,108701,108702,108704,108706,108708],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,108703,135],{"class":134},[52,108705,138],{"class":66},[52,108707,348],{"class":117},[52,108709,144],{"class":66},[20,108711,108712],{},[30,108713,577],{},[43,108715,108716],{"className":45,"code":102969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108717,108718],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108719,108720,108722,108724,108726,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108721,8726],{"class":66},[52,108723,608],{"class":70},[52,108725,286],{"class":74},[52,108727,608],{"class":70},[52,108729,80],{"class":66},[52,108731,617],{"class":70},[52,108733,304],{"class":74},[52,108735,608],{"class":70},[52,108737,100],{"class":66},[20,108739,799,108740,108742,108743,114],{},[15,108741,900],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,108744,639],{},[38,108746,194,108748,197],{"id":108747},"what-setremove-does",[15,108749,455],{},[20,108751,108752,202],{},[15,108753,455],{},[163,108755,108756,108759,108761,108763],{},[166,108757,108758],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[166,108760,95747],{},[166,108762,95750],{},[166,108764,108765,108766,108768],{},"Raises ",[15,108767,639],{}," if the value is missing",[20,108770,108771],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[38,108773,228],{"id":227},[43,108775,108777],{"className":45,"code":108776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,108778,108779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108780,108781,108783,108785,108787,108789,108791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108782,238],{"class":58},[52,108784,114],{"class":66},[52,108786,1042],{"class":117},[52,108788,138],{"class":66},[52,108790,985],{"class":117},[52,108792,144],{"class":66},[163,108794,108795,108799,108804],{},[166,108796,108797,102511],{},[15,108798,238],{},[166,108800,108801,108803],{},[15,108802,985],{}," is the item to remove",[166,108805,108806],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,108808,108809],{},"Here is a small example:",[43,108811,108812],{"className":45,"code":1010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108813,108814,108834,108848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108815,108816,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828,108830,108832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108817,940],{"class":58},[52,108819,63],{"class":62},[52,108821,67],{"class":66},[52,108823,948],{"class":947},[52,108825,80],{"class":66},[52,108827,953],{"class":947},[52,108829,80],{"class":66},[52,108831,958],{"class":947},[52,108833,100],{"class":66},[52,108835,108836,108838,108840,108842,108844,108846],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,108837,1037],{"class":58},[52,108839,114],{"class":66},[52,108841,1042],{"class":117},[52,108843,138],{"class":66},[52,108845,1047],{"class":947},[52,108847,144],{"class":66},[52,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,108851,135],{"class":134},[52,108853,138],{"class":66},[52,108855,1037],{"class":117},[52,108857,144],{"class":66},[20,108859,108860],{},[30,108861,577],{},[43,108863,108864],{"className":45,"code":100724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108865,108866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108867,108868,108870,108872,108874,108876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108869,8726],{"class":66},[52,108871,948],{"class":947},[52,108873,80],{"class":66},[52,108875,958],{"class":947},[52,108877,100],{"class":66},[38,108879,10917],{"id":10916},[43,108881,108883],{"className":45,"code":108882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,108884,108885,108917,108921,108939,108943],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108886,108887,108889,108891,108893,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907,108909,108911,108913,108915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108888,393],{"class":58},[52,108890,63],{"class":62},[52,108892,67],{"class":66},[52,108894,71],{"class":70},[52,108896,75],{"class":74},[52,108898,71],{"class":70},[52,108900,80],{"class":66},[52,108902,83],{"class":70},[52,108904,86],{"class":74},[52,108906,71],{"class":70},[52,108908,80],{"class":66},[52,108910,83],{"class":70},[52,108912,32652],{"class":74},[52,108914,71],{"class":70},[52,108916,100],{"class":66},[52,108918,108919],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,108920,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,108922,108923,108925,108927,108929,108931,108933,108935,108937],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,108924,426],{"class":58},[52,108926,114],{"class":66},[52,108928,1042],{"class":117},[52,108930,138],{"class":66},[52,108932,71],{"class":70},[52,108934,86],{"class":74},[52,108936,71],{"class":70},[52,108938,144],{"class":66},[52,108940,108941],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,108942,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,108944,108945,108947,108949,108951],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,108946,135],{"class":134},[52,108948,138],{"class":66},[52,108950,426],{"class":117},[52,108952,144],{"class":66},[20,108954,108955],{},[30,108956,577],{},[43,108958,108960],{"className":45,"code":108959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,108961,108962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108963,108964,108966,108968,108970,108972,108974,108976,108978,108980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108965,8726],{"class":66},[52,108967,608],{"class":70},[52,108969,75],{"class":74},[52,108971,608],{"class":70},[52,108973,80],{"class":66},[52,108975,617],{"class":70},[52,108977,32652],{"class":74},[52,108979,608],{"class":70},[52,108981,100],{"class":66},[20,108983,108984,108985,108987],{},"This removes ",[15,108986,64710],{}," from the set.",[20,108989,108990,108991,108993,108994,114],{},"A set does ",[30,108992,32],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[221,108995,95762],{"href":97310},[38,108997,108999],{"id":108998},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109001,109002,109003,51932,109005,114],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109004,900],{},[15,109006,639],{},[43,109008,109010],{"className":45,"code":109009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109011,109012,109044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109013,109014,109016,109018,109020,109022,109024,109026,109028,109030,109032,109034,109036,109038,109040,109042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109015,277],{"class":58},[52,109017,63],{"class":62},[52,109019,67],{"class":66},[52,109021,71],{"class":70},[52,109023,286],{"class":74},[52,109025,71],{"class":70},[52,109027,80],{"class":66},[52,109029,83],{"class":70},[52,109031,295],{"class":74},[52,109033,71],{"class":70},[52,109035,80],{"class":66},[52,109037,83],{"class":70},[52,109039,304],{"class":74},[52,109041,71],{"class":70},[52,109043,100],{"class":66},[52,109045,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109047,348],{"class":58},[52,109049,114],{"class":66},[52,109051,1042],{"class":117},[52,109053,138],{"class":66},[52,109055,71],{"class":70},[52,109057,21964],{"class":74},[52,109059,71],{"class":70},[52,109061,144],{"class":66},[20,109063,109064],{},[30,109065,109066],{},"Result:",[43,109068,109070],{"className":45,"code":109069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109071,109072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109073,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109075,639],{"class":600},[52,109077,202],{"class":66},[52,109079,617],{"class":70},[52,109081,21964],{"class":74},[52,109083,689],{"class":70},[20,109085,21629,109086,109089],{},[15,109087,109088],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109091,109092,109093,109095],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109094,900],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109097,109098,109099,114],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[221,109100,1356],{"href":695},[38,109102,3641,109104,109106,109107],{"id":109103},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109105,900],{}," is different from ",[15,109108,903],{},[20,109110,109111,803,109113,109115],{},[15,109112,900],{},[15,109114,903],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[699,109117,109118],{"id":1042},[15,109119,900],{},[163,109121,109122,109125],{},[166,109123,109124],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[166,109126,109127],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[43,109129,109131],{"className":45,"code":109130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109132,109133,109165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109134,109135,109137,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157,109159,109161,109163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109136,35524],{"class":58},[52,109138,63],{"class":62},[52,109140,67],{"class":66},[52,109142,71],{"class":70},[52,109144,221],{"class":74},[52,109146,71],{"class":70},[52,109148,80],{"class":66},[52,109150,83],{"class":70},[52,109152,4204],{"class":74},[52,109154,71],{"class":70},[52,109156,80],{"class":66},[52,109158,83],{"class":70},[52,109160,9187],{"class":74},[52,109162,71],{"class":70},[52,109164,100],{"class":66},[52,109166,109167,109169,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109168,35577],{"class":58},[52,109170,114],{"class":66},[52,109172,1042],{"class":117},[52,109174,138],{"class":66},[52,109176,71],{"class":70},[52,109178,18207],{"class":74},[52,109180,71],{"class":70},[52,109182,144],{"class":66},[20,109184,670],{},[43,109186,109188],{"className":45,"code":109187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109189,109190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109191,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109193,639],{"class":600},[52,109195,202],{"class":66},[52,109197,617],{"class":70},[52,109199,18207],{"class":74},[52,109201,689],{"class":70},[699,109203,109204],{"id":1126},[15,109205,903],{},[163,109207,109208,109210],{},[166,109209,109124],{},[166,109211,109212],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[43,109214,109216],{"className":45,"code":109215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109217,109218,109250,109268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109219,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109221,35524],{"class":58},[52,109223,63],{"class":62},[52,109225,67],{"class":66},[52,109227,71],{"class":70},[52,109229,221],{"class":74},[52,109231,71],{"class":70},[52,109233,80],{"class":66},[52,109235,83],{"class":70},[52,109237,4204],{"class":74},[52,109239,71],{"class":70},[52,109241,80],{"class":66},[52,109243,83],{"class":70},[52,109245,9187],{"class":74},[52,109247,71],{"class":70},[52,109249,100],{"class":66},[52,109251,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262,109264,109266],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109253,35577],{"class":58},[52,109255,114],{"class":66},[52,109257,1126],{"class":117},[52,109259,138],{"class":66},[52,109261,71],{"class":70},[52,109263,18207],{"class":74},[52,109265,71],{"class":70},[52,109267,144],{"class":66},[52,109269,109270,109272,109274,109276],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,109271,135],{"class":134},[52,109273,138],{"class":66},[52,109275,35577],{"class":117},[52,109277,144],{"class":66},[20,109279,109280],{},[30,109281,1509],{},[43,109283,109285],{"className":45,"code":109284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109286,109287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109288,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305,109307,109309,109311,109313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109290,8726],{"class":66},[52,109292,608],{"class":70},[52,109294,221],{"class":74},[52,109296,608],{"class":70},[52,109298,80],{"class":66},[52,109300,617],{"class":70},[52,109302,4204],{"class":74},[52,109304,608],{"class":70},[52,109306,80],{"class":66},[52,109308,617],{"class":70},[52,109310,9187],{"class":74},[52,109312,608],{"class":70},[52,109314,100],{"class":66},[20,109316,18134],{},[163,109318,109319,109324],{},[166,109320,109321,109323],{},[15,109322,900],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[166,109325,109326,109328],{},[15,109327,903],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109330,109331,109332,114],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[221,109333,1343,109334,1070],{"href":459},[15,109335,903],{},[38,109337,3961],{"id":3960},[699,109339,1174,109341,96622],{"id":109340},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109342,900],{},[20,109344,109345,109347,109348,114],{},[15,109346,900],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109349,3220],{},[20,109351,16083],{},[43,109353,109355],{"className":45,"code":109354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109356,109357,109389,109411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109358,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367,109369,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109360,277],{"class":58},[52,109362,63],{"class":62},[52,109364,67],{"class":66},[52,109366,71],{"class":70},[52,109368,286],{"class":74},[52,109370,71],{"class":70},[52,109372,80],{"class":66},[52,109374,83],{"class":70},[52,109376,295],{"class":74},[52,109378,71],{"class":70},[52,109380,80],{"class":66},[52,109382,83],{"class":70},[52,109384,304],{"class":74},[52,109386,71],{"class":70},[52,109388,100],{"class":66},[52,109390,109391,109393,109395,109397,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407,109409],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109392,12558],{"class":58},[52,109394,63],{"class":62},[52,109396,318],{"class":58},[52,109398,114],{"class":66},[52,109400,1042],{"class":117},[52,109402,138],{"class":66},[52,109404,71],{"class":70},[52,109406,295],{"class":74},[52,109408,71],{"class":70},[52,109410,144],{"class":66},[52,109412,109413,109415,109417,109419],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,109414,135],{"class":134},[52,109416,138],{"class":66},[52,109418,12581],{"class":117},[52,109420,144],{"class":66},[20,109422,109423],{},[30,109424,1509],{},[43,109426,109427],{"className":45,"code":11251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109428,109429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109430,109431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109432,11251],{"class":3295},[20,109434,16095],{},[43,109436,109437],{"className":45,"code":108647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109438,109439,109471,109489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109440,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109442,277],{"class":58},[52,109444,63],{"class":62},[52,109446,67],{"class":66},[52,109448,71],{"class":70},[52,109450,286],{"class":74},[52,109452,71],{"class":70},[52,109454,80],{"class":66},[52,109456,83],{"class":70},[52,109458,295],{"class":74},[52,109460,71],{"class":70},[52,109462,80],{"class":66},[52,109464,83],{"class":70},[52,109466,304],{"class":74},[52,109468,71],{"class":70},[52,109470,100],{"class":66},[52,109472,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109474,348],{"class":58},[52,109476,114],{"class":66},[52,109478,1042],{"class":117},[52,109480,138],{"class":66},[52,109482,71],{"class":70},[52,109484,295],{"class":74},[52,109486,71],{"class":70},[52,109488,144],{"class":66},[52,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,109492,135],{"class":134},[52,109494,138],{"class":66},[52,109496,348],{"class":117},[52,109498,144],{"class":66},[699,109500,109502],{"id":109501},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109504,109505,109506,114],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109507,639],{},[43,109509,109511],{"className":45,"code":109510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109512,109513,109537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109514,109515,109517,109519,109521,109523,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109516,277],{"class":58},[52,109518,63],{"class":62},[52,109520,67],{"class":66},[52,109522,71],{"class":70},[52,109524,286],{"class":74},[52,109526,71],{"class":70},[52,109528,80],{"class":66},[52,109530,83],{"class":70},[52,109532,295],{"class":74},[52,109534,71],{"class":70},[52,109536,100],{"class":66},[52,109538,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109540,348],{"class":58},[52,109542,114],{"class":66},[52,109544,1042],{"class":117},[52,109546,138],{"class":66},[52,109548,71],{"class":70},[52,109550,304],{"class":74},[52,109552,71],{"class":70},[52,109554,144],{"class":66},[20,109556,109557,109558,202],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109559,3326],{},[43,109561,109563],{"className":45,"code":109562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109564,109565,109589,109593,109609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109566,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575,109577,109579,109581,109583,109585,109587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109568,277],{"class":58},[52,109570,63],{"class":62},[52,109572,67],{"class":66},[52,109574,71],{"class":70},[52,109576,286],{"class":74},[52,109578,71],{"class":70},[52,109580,80],{"class":66},[52,109582,83],{"class":70},[52,109584,295],{"class":74},[52,109586,71],{"class":70},[52,109588,100],{"class":66},[52,109590,109591],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109592,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,109594,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,109596,732],{"class":731},[52,109598,83],{"class":70},[52,109600,304],{"class":74},[52,109602,71],{"class":70},[52,109604,20613],{"class":62},[52,109606,318],{"class":58},[52,109608,737],{"class":66},[52,109610,109611,109614,109616,109618,109620,109622,109624,109626],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109612,109613],{"class":58},"    colors",[52,109615,114],{"class":66},[52,109617,1042],{"class":117},[52,109619,138],{"class":66},[52,109621,71],{"class":70},[52,109623,304],{"class":74},[52,109625,71],{"class":70},[52,109627,144],{"class":66},[20,109629,109630,109631,109635],{},"Or use ",[221,109632,109633],{"href":459},[15,109634,903],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[699,109637,36636,109639,8151,109641],{"id":109638},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109640,455],{},[15,109642,54512],{},[20,109644,109645],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109647,109648,109649,109651],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109650,455],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109653,109654,109655,114],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[221,109656,98504],{"href":98503},[699,109658,109660],{"id":109659},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109662,357],{},[20,109664,109665],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[38,109667,1273],{"id":1272},[699,109669,1277,109671,96721],{"id":109670},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109672,455],{},[20,109674,109675,109676,114],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109677,3220],{},[699,109679,29717,109681,109683],{"id":109680},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109682,455],{}," raise?",[20,109685,29723,109686,109688],{},[15,109687,639],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[699,109690,20860,109692,456,109694,1293],{"id":109691},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109693,900],{},[15,109695,903],{},[20,109697,799,109698,109700,109701,109703],{},[15,109699,900],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,109702,903],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[699,109705,4614,109707,109709],{"id":109706},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,109708,455],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,109711,109712],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[38,109714,1332],{"id":1331},[163,109716,109717,109723,109729,109733,109737],{},[166,109718,109719],{},[221,109720,1343,109721,1070],{"href":459},[15,109722,903],{},[166,109724,109725],{},[221,109726,1343,109727,1070],{"href":97640},[15,109728,17],{},[166,109730,109731],{},[221,109732,96766],{"href":97310},[166,109734,109735],{},[221,109736,99770],{"href":98503},[166,109738,109739],{},[221,109740,1356],{"href":695},[1364,109742,109743],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":109745},[109746,109747,109749,109750,109751,109752,109757,109765,109775],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":108747,"depth":103,"text":109748},"What set.remove() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":108998,"depth":103,"text":108999},{"id":109103,"depth":103,"text":109753,"children":109754},"How remove() is different from discard()",[109755,109756],{"id":1042,"depth":124,"text":900},{"id":1126,"depth":124,"text":903},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":109758},[109759,109761,109762,109764],{"id":109340,"depth":124,"text":109760},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109501,"depth":124,"text":109502},{"id":109638,"depth":124,"text":109763},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109659,"depth":124,"text":109660},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":109766},[109767,109769,109771,109773],{"id":109670,"depth":124,"text":109768},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109680,"depth":124,"text":109770},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109691,"depth":124,"text":109772},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":109706,"depth":124,"text":109774},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108621,"description":109776},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":109783,"title":109784,"body":109785,"description":111158,"extension":1401,"meta":111159,"navigation":127,"path":111160,"seo":111161,"stem":111162,"__hash__":111163},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109786,"toc":111133},[109787,109793,109799,109802,109805,109819,109821,109902,109905,109910,109914,109928,109935,109937,109956,109959,109977,109979,110059,110061,110086,110090,110093,110101,110106,110111,110113,110126,110131,110134,110158,110161,110169,110171,110174,110271,110273,110306,110308,110334,110341,110344,110348,110356,110360,110368,110370,110460,110462,110476,110483,110488,110493,110495,110586,110588,110600,110602,110616,110622,110630,110632,110714,110716,110761,110764,110772,110775,110777,110781,110824,110826,110846,110851,110853,110938,110940,110945,110947,110954,110962,110968,110971,110973,111059,111061,111085,111089,111092,111094,111121,111131],[10,109788,13,109790,18],{"id":109789},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109791,109792],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109794,109795,109798],{},[15,109796,109797],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109800,109801],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109803,109804],{},"Use it when:",[163,109806,109807,109810,109816],{},[166,109808,109809],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[166,109811,109812,109813,109815],{},"you do ",[30,109814,32],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[166,109817,109818],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[38,109820,3049],{"id":3048},[43,109822,109824],{"className":45,"code":109823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109825,109826,109846,109866,109870,109889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109827,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109829,1993],{"class":58},[52,109831,63],{"class":62},[52,109833,67],{"class":66},[52,109835,948],{"class":947},[52,109837,80],{"class":66},[52,109839,953],{"class":947},[52,109841,80],{"class":66},[52,109843,958],{"class":947},[52,109845,100],{"class":66},[52,109847,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858,109860,109862,109864],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,109849,2021],{"class":58},[52,109851,63],{"class":62},[52,109853,67],{"class":66},[52,109855,1500],{"class":947},[52,109857,80],{"class":66},[52,109859,1896],{"class":947},[52,109861,80],{"class":66},[52,109863,4048],{"class":947},[52,109865,100],{"class":66},[52,109867,109868],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,109869,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,109871,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109883,109885,109887],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,109873,1668],{"class":58},[52,109875,63],{"class":62},[52,109877,56323],{"class":58},[52,109879,114],{"class":66},[52,109881,109882],{"class":117},"symmetric_difference",[52,109884,138],{"class":66},[52,109886,4204],{"class":117},[52,109888,144],{"class":66},[52,109890,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,109892,135],{"class":134},[52,109894,138],{"class":66},[52,109896,1703],{"class":117},[52,109898,3102],{"class":66},[52,109900,109901],{"class":3105},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109903,109904],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[38,109906,194,109908,197],{"id":109907},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,109909,109792],{},[20,109911,109912,202],{},[15,109913,109797],{},[163,109915,109916,109919,109922,109925],{},[166,109917,109918],{},"returns a new set",[166,109920,109921],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[166,109923,109924],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[166,109926,109927],{},"does not change the original set",[20,109929,219,109930,456,109932,114],{},[221,109931,224],{"href":95758},[221,109933,109934],{"href":95761},"creating a set in Python",[38,109936,228],{"id":227},[43,109938,109940],{"className":45,"code":109939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,109941,109942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109943,109944,109946,109948,109950,109952,109954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109945,100011],{"class":58},[52,109947,114],{"class":66},[52,109949,109882],{"class":117},[52,109951,138],{"class":66},[52,109953,100020],{"class":117},[52,109955,144],{"class":66},[20,109957,109958],{},"Notes:",[163,109960,109961,109966,109971,109974],{},[166,109962,109963,109965],{},[15,109964,100011],{}," must be a set",[166,109967,109968,109970],{},[15,109969,100020],{}," can be any iterable",[166,109972,109973],{},"the result is always a set",[166,109975,109976],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,109978,267],{},[43,109980,109982],{"className":45,"code":109981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,109983,109984,110005,110026,110030,110049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109985,109986,109989,109991,109993,109995,109997,109999,110001,110003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109987,109988],{"class":58},"set1 ",[52,109990,63],{"class":62},[52,109992,67],{"class":66},[52,109994,948],{"class":947},[52,109996,80],{"class":66},[52,109998,953],{"class":947},[52,110000,80],{"class":66},[52,110002,958],{"class":947},[52,110004,100],{"class":66},[52,110006,110007,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110008,110009],{"class":58},"set2 ",[52,110011,63],{"class":62},[52,110013,67],{"class":66},[52,110015,1500],{"class":947},[52,110017,80],{"class":66},[52,110019,1896],{"class":947},[52,110021,80],{"class":66},[52,110023,4048],{"class":947},[52,110025,100],{"class":66},[52,110027,110028],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,110029,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,110031,110032,110034,110036,110039,110041,110043,110045,110047],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110033,1668],{"class":58},[52,110035,63],{"class":62},[52,110037,110038],{"class":58}," set1",[52,110040,114],{"class":66},[52,110042,109882],{"class":117},[52,110044,138],{"class":66},[52,110046,100020],{"class":117},[52,110048,144],{"class":66},[52,110050,110051,110053,110055,110057],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,110052,135],{"class":134},[52,110054,138],{"class":66},[52,110056,1703],{"class":117},[52,110058,144],{"class":66},[20,110060,1509],{},[43,110062,110064],{"className":45,"code":110063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110065,110066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110067,110068,110070,110072,110074,110076,110078,110080,110082,110084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110069,8726],{"class":66},[52,110071,948],{"class":947},[52,110073,80],{"class":66},[52,110075,953],{"class":947},[52,110077,80],{"class":66},[52,110079,1896],{"class":947},[52,110081,80],{"class":66},[52,110083,4048],{"class":947},[52,110085,100],{"class":66},[38,110087,110089],{"id":110088},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110091,110092],{},"The result includes:",[163,110094,110095,110098],{},[166,110096,110097],{},"items only in the first set",[166,110099,110100],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110102,110103,110104,10527],{},"The result does ",[30,110105,32],{},[163,110107,110108],{},[166,110109,110110],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110112,4918],{},[163,110114,110115,110120],{},[166,110116,110117,110118],{},"first set: ",[15,110119,99708],{},[166,110121,110122,110123],{},"second set: ",[15,110124,110125],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110127,3494,110128,110130],{},[15,110129,1500],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110132,110133],{},"The output is:",[43,110135,110136],{"className":45,"code":110063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110137,110138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110139,110140,110142,110144,110146,110148,110150,110152,110154,110156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110141,8726],{"class":66},[52,110143,948],{"class":947},[52,110145,80],{"class":66},[52,110147,953],{"class":947},[52,110149,80],{"class":66},[52,110151,1896],{"class":947},[52,110153,80],{"class":66},[52,110155,4048],{"class":947},[52,110157,100],{"class":66},[20,110159,110160],{},"Also remember:",[163,110162,110163,110166],{},[166,110164,110165],{},"sets are unordered",[166,110167,110168],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[38,110170,10917],{"id":10916},[20,110172,110173],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[43,110175,110177],{"className":45,"code":110176,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110178,110179,110211,110235,110239,110257,110261],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110180,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110182,106446],{"class":58},[52,110184,63],{"class":62},[52,110186,67],{"class":66},[52,110188,71],{"class":70},[52,110190,286],{"class":74},[52,110192,71],{"class":70},[52,110194,80],{"class":66},[52,110196,83],{"class":70},[52,110198,295],{"class":74},[52,110200,71],{"class":70},[52,110202,80],{"class":66},[52,110204,83],{"class":70},[52,110206,304],{"class":74},[52,110208,71],{"class":70},[52,110210,100],{"class":66},[52,110212,110213,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110214,106479],{"class":58},[52,110216,63],{"class":62},[52,110218,67],{"class":66},[52,110220,71],{"class":70},[52,110222,304],{"class":74},[52,110224,71],{"class":70},[52,110226,80],{"class":66},[52,110228,83],{"class":70},[52,110230,21964],{"class":74},[52,110232,71],{"class":70},[52,110234,100],{"class":66},[52,110236,110237],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,110238,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,110240,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253,110255],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110242,1668],{"class":58},[52,110244,63],{"class":62},[52,110246,106521],{"class":58},[52,110248,114],{"class":66},[52,110250,109882],{"class":117},[52,110252,138],{"class":66},[52,110254,106530],{"class":117},[52,110256,144],{"class":66},[52,110258,110259],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,110260,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,110262,110263,110265,110267,110269],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,110264,135],{"class":134},[52,110266,138],{"class":66},[52,110268,1703],{"class":117},[52,110270,144],{"class":66},[20,110272,1509],{},[43,110274,110276],{"className":45,"code":110275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110277,110278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110279,110280,110282,110284,110286,110288,110290,110292,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110281,8726],{"class":66},[52,110283,608],{"class":70},[52,110285,286],{"class":74},[52,110287,608],{"class":70},[52,110289,80],{"class":66},[52,110291,617],{"class":70},[52,110293,295],{"class":74},[52,110295,608],{"class":70},[52,110297,80],{"class":66},[52,110299,617],{"class":70},[52,110301,21964],{"class":74},[52,110303,608],{"class":70},[52,110305,100],{"class":66},[20,110307,12848],{},[163,110309,110310,110315,110326],{},[166,110311,110312,110314],{},[15,110313,95923],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[166,110316,110317,803,110319,110322,110323,110325],{},[15,110318,64828],{},[15,110320,110321],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110324,106583],{},", so they stay",[166,110327,110328,110330,110331,110333],{},[15,110329,109088],{}," is only in ",[15,110332,106530],{},", so it stays",[38,110335,110337,897,110339],{"id":110336},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110338,109792],{},[15,110340,99840],{},[20,110342,110343],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110345,110346,202],{},[15,110347,99840],{},[163,110349,110350,110353],{},[166,110351,110352],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[166,110354,110355],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110357,110358,202],{},[15,110359,109792],{},[163,110361,110362,110365],{},[166,110363,110364],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[166,110366,110367],{},"removes shared items",[20,110369,267],{},[43,110371,110373],{"className":45,"code":110372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110374,110375,110395,110415,110419,110440],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110376,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110378,1993],{"class":58},[52,110380,63],{"class":62},[52,110382,67],{"class":66},[52,110384,948],{"class":947},[52,110386,80],{"class":66},[52,110388,953],{"class":947},[52,110390,80],{"class":66},[52,110392,958],{"class":947},[52,110394,100],{"class":66},[52,110396,110397,110399,110401,110403,110405,110407,110409,110411,110413],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110398,2021],{"class":58},[52,110400,63],{"class":62},[52,110402,67],{"class":66},[52,110404,1500],{"class":947},[52,110406,80],{"class":66},[52,110408,1896],{"class":947},[52,110410,80],{"class":66},[52,110412,4048],{"class":947},[52,110414,100],{"class":66},[52,110416,110417],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,110418,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,110420,110421,110423,110425,110427,110429,110431,110433,110435,110437],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110422,135],{"class":134},[52,110424,138],{"class":66},[52,110426,221],{"class":117},[52,110428,114],{"class":66},[52,110430,2251],{"class":117},[52,110432,138],{"class":66},[52,110434,4204],{"class":117},[52,110436,4807],{"class":66},[52,110438,110439],{"class":3105},"            # {1, 2}\n",[52,110441,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,110443,135],{"class":134},[52,110445,138],{"class":66},[52,110447,221],{"class":117},[52,110449,114],{"class":66},[52,110451,109882],{"class":117},[52,110453,138],{"class":66},[52,110455,4204],{"class":117},[52,110457,4807],{"class":66},[52,110459,109901],{"class":3105},[20,110461,18134],{},[163,110463,110464,110471],{},[166,110465,110466,110470],{},[221,110467,110468],{"href":102266},[15,110469,99840],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[166,110472,110473,110475],{},[15,110474,109792],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[38,110477,110479,897,110481],{"id":110478},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110480,109792],{},[15,110482,102225],{},[20,110484,110485,110487],{},[15,110486,102225],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110489,110490,110492],{},[15,110491,109792],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110494,267],{},[43,110496,110498],{"className":45,"code":110497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110499,110500,110520,110540,110544,110566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110501,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110516,110518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110503,1993],{"class":58},[52,110505,63],{"class":62},[52,110507,67],{"class":66},[52,110509,948],{"class":947},[52,110511,80],{"class":66},[52,110513,953],{"class":947},[52,110515,80],{"class":66},[52,110517,958],{"class":947},[52,110519,100],{"class":66},[52,110521,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110523,2021],{"class":58},[52,110525,63],{"class":62},[52,110527,67],{"class":66},[52,110529,1500],{"class":947},[52,110531,80],{"class":66},[52,110533,1896],{"class":947},[52,110535,80],{"class":66},[52,110537,4048],{"class":947},[52,110539,100],{"class":66},[52,110541,110542],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,110543,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,110545,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110557,110559,110561,110563],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110547,135],{"class":134},[52,110549,138],{"class":66},[52,110551,221],{"class":117},[52,110553,114],{"class":66},[52,110555,110556],{"class":117},"union",[52,110558,138],{"class":66},[52,110560,4204],{"class":117},[52,110562,4807],{"class":66},[52,110564,110565],{"class":3105},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,110567,110568,110570,110572,110574,110576,110578,110580,110582,110584],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,110569,135],{"class":134},[52,110571,138],{"class":66},[52,110573,221],{"class":117},[52,110575,114],{"class":66},[52,110577,109882],{"class":117},[52,110579,138],{"class":66},[52,110581,4204],{"class":117},[52,110583,4807],{"class":66},[52,110585,109901],{"class":3105},[20,110587,26660],{},[163,110589,110590,110595],{},[166,110591,110592,110594],{},[15,110593,102225],{}," includes everything",[166,110596,110597,110599],{},[15,110598,109792],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110601,18134],{},[163,110603,110604,110611],{},[166,110605,110606,110610],{},[221,110607,110608],{"href":107151},[15,110609,102225],{}," when overlap does not matter",[166,110612,110613,110615],{},[15,110614,109792],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[38,110617,36045,110619,101024],{"id":110618},"using-the-operator",[15,110620,110621],{},"^",[20,110623,110624,110625,110627,110628,114],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110626,110621],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110629,109792],{},[20,110631,267],{},[43,110633,110635],{"className":45,"code":110634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110636,110637,110657,110677,110681,110699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110638,110639,110641,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110640,109988],{"class":58},[52,110642,63],{"class":62},[52,110644,67],{"class":66},[52,110646,948],{"class":947},[52,110648,80],{"class":66},[52,110650,953],{"class":947},[52,110652,80],{"class":66},[52,110654,958],{"class":947},[52,110656,100],{"class":66},[52,110658,110659,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110671,110673,110675],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110660,110009],{"class":58},[52,110662,63],{"class":62},[52,110664,67],{"class":66},[52,110666,1500],{"class":947},[52,110668,80],{"class":66},[52,110670,1896],{"class":947},[52,110672,80],{"class":66},[52,110674,4048],{"class":947},[52,110676,100],{"class":66},[52,110678,110679],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,110680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,110682,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110684,135],{"class":134},[52,110686,138],{"class":66},[52,110688,100011],{"class":117},[52,110690,114],{"class":66},[52,110692,109882],{"class":117},[52,110694,138],{"class":66},[52,110696,100020],{"class":117},[52,110698,1222],{"class":66},[52,110700,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110712],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,110702,135],{"class":134},[52,110704,138],{"class":66},[52,110706,109988],{"class":117},[52,110708,110621],{"class":62},[52,110710,110711],{"class":117}," set2",[52,110713,144],{"class":66},[20,110715,577],{},[43,110717,110719],{"className":45,"code":110718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110720,110721,110741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110724,8726],{"class":66},[52,110726,948],{"class":947},[52,110728,80],{"class":66},[52,110730,953],{"class":947},[52,110732,80],{"class":66},[52,110734,1896],{"class":947},[52,110736,80],{"class":66},[52,110738,4048],{"class":947},[52,110740,100],{"class":66},[52,110742,110743,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110744,8726],{"class":66},[52,110746,948],{"class":947},[52,110748,80],{"class":66},[52,110750,953],{"class":947},[52,110752,80],{"class":66},[52,110754,1896],{"class":947},[52,110756,80],{"class":66},[52,110758,4048],{"class":947},[52,110760,100],{"class":66},[20,110762,110763],{},"Both forms:",[163,110765,110766,110769],{},[166,110767,110768],{},"return a new set",[166,110770,110771],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110773,110774],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[38,110776,3961],{"id":3960},[20,110778,20651,110779,202],{},[15,110780,109792],{},[163,110782,110783,110791,110801,110816],{},[166,110784,110785,110788,110790],{},[30,110786,110787],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9294,110789],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[166,110792,110793,110796,110798,110800],{},[30,110794,110795],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9294,110797],{},[15,110799,109792],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[166,110802,110803,110808,110810,110812,110813,110815],{},[30,110804,110805,110806],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110807,99840],{},[9294,110809],{},[15,110811,99840],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110814,109792],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[166,110817,110818,110821,110823],{},[30,110819,110820],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9294,110822],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110825,58297],{},[163,110827,110828,110837,110840,110843],{},[166,110829,49928,110830,1312,110832,110836],{},[15,110831,109792],{},[221,110833,110834],{"href":107151},[15,110835,102225],{}," is actually needed",[166,110838,110839],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[166,110841,110842],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[166,110844,110845],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110847,110848,110849,114],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[221,110850,98504],{"href":104764},[20,110852,1191],{},[43,110854,110856],{"className":45,"code":110855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110857,110858,110868,110878,110896,110910,110924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110859,110860,110862,110864,110866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110861,135],{"class":134},[52,110863,138],{"class":66},[52,110865,100011],{"class":117},[52,110867,144],{"class":66},[52,110869,110870,110872,110874,110876],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,110871,135],{"class":134},[52,110873,138],{"class":66},[52,110875,100020],{"class":117},[52,110877,144],{"class":66},[52,110879,110880,110882,110884,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,110881,135],{"class":134},[52,110883,138],{"class":66},[52,110885,100011],{"class":117},[52,110887,114],{"class":66},[52,110889,109882],{"class":117},[52,110891,138],{"class":66},[52,110893,100020],{"class":117},[52,110895,1222],{"class":66},[52,110897,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,110899,135],{"class":134},[52,110901,138],{"class":66},[52,110903,109988],{"class":117},[52,110905,110621],{"class":62},[52,110907,110711],{"class":117},[52,110909,144],{"class":66},[52,110911,110912,110914,110916,110918,110920,110922],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,110913,135],{"class":134},[52,110915,138],{"class":66},[52,110917,1231],{"class":600},[52,110919,138],{"class":66},[52,110921,100011],{"class":117},[52,110923,1222],{"class":66},[52,110925,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,110927,135],{"class":134},[52,110929,138],{"class":66},[52,110931,1231],{"class":600},[52,110933,138],{"class":66},[52,110935,100020],{"class":117},[52,110937,1222],{"class":66},[38,110939,1273],{"id":1272},[699,110941,1277,110943,102165],{"id":110942},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,110944,109792],{},[20,110946,102168],{},[699,110948,4624,110950,803,110952,1293],{"id":110949},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,110951,109792],{},[15,110953,99840],{},[20,110955,110956,110958,110959,110961],{},[15,110957,99840],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,110960,109792],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[699,110963,27767,110965,110967],{"id":110964},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,110966,109792],{}," with lists?",[20,110969,110970],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,110972,267],{},[43,110974,110976],{"className":45,"code":110975,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,110977,110978,110998,111018,111022,111049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110979,110980,110982,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110981,80090],{"class":58},[52,110983,63],{"class":62},[52,110985,3063],{"class":66},[52,110987,948],{"class":947},[52,110989,80],{"class":66},[52,110991,953],{"class":947},[52,110993,80],{"class":66},[52,110995,958],{"class":947},[52,110997,3076],{"class":66},[52,110999,111000,111002,111004,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111016],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111001,80111],{"class":58},[52,111003,63],{"class":62},[52,111005,3063],{"class":66},[52,111007,1500],{"class":947},[52,111009,80],{"class":66},[52,111011,1896],{"class":947},[52,111013,80],{"class":66},[52,111015,4048],{"class":947},[52,111017,3076],{"class":66},[52,111019,111020],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111021,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111023,111024,111026,111028,111030,111032,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043,111045,111047],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111025,1668],{"class":58},[52,111027,63],{"class":62},[52,111029,655],{"class":600},[52,111031,138],{"class":66},[52,111033,111034],{"class":117},"list1",[52,111036,8078],{"class":66},[52,111038,109882],{"class":117},[52,111040,138],{"class":66},[52,111042,601],{"class":600},[52,111044,138],{"class":66},[52,111046,80377],{"class":117},[52,111048,1222],{"class":66},[52,111050,111051,111053,111055,111057],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,111052,135],{"class":134},[52,111054,138],{"class":66},[52,111056,1703],{"class":117},[52,111058,144],{"class":66},[20,111060,1509],{},[43,111062,111063],{"className":45,"code":110063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,111064,111065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111066,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111068,8726],{"class":66},[52,111070,948],{"class":947},[52,111072,80],{"class":66},[52,111074,953],{"class":947},[52,111076,80],{"class":66},[52,111078,1896],{"class":947},[52,111080,80],{"class":66},[52,111082,4048],{"class":947},[52,111084,100],{"class":66},[699,111086,111088],{"id":111087},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111090,111091],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[38,111093,1332],{"id":1331},[163,111095,111096,111100,111105,111111,111117],{},[166,111097,111098],{},[221,111099,224],{"href":95758},[166,111101,111102],{},[221,111103,111104],{"href":95761},"Creating a set in Python",[166,111106,111107],{},[221,111108,1343,111109,1070],{"href":102266},[15,111110,99840],{},[166,111112,111113],{},[221,111114,1343,111115,1070],{"href":107151},[15,111116,102225],{},[166,111118,111119],{},[221,111120,99770],{"href":104764},[20,111122,111123,111124,1627,111126,16512,111128,111130],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111125,99840],{},[15,111127,102225],{},[15,111129,109792],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1364,111132,56677],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":111134},[111135,111136,111138,111139,111140,111141,111143,111145,111147,111148,111157],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":109907,"depth":103,"text":111137},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":110088,"depth":103,"text":110089},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":110336,"depth":103,"text":111142},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110478,"depth":103,"text":111144},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110618,"depth":103,"text":111146},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":111149},[111150,111152,111154,111156],{"id":110942,"depth":124,"text":111151},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":110949,"depth":124,"text":111153},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":110964,"depth":124,"text":111155},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111087,"depth":124,"text":111088},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109784,"description":111158},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111165,"title":111166,"body":111167,"description":113230,"extension":1401,"meta":113231,"navigation":127,"path":107151,"seo":113232,"stem":113233,"__hash__":113234},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111168,"toc":113189},[111169,111174,111179,111182,111195,111197,111279,111284,111289,111293,111305,111308,111312,111314,111341,111343,111354,111357,111426,111428,111434,111437,111447,111449,111538,111543,111545,111552,111555,111557,111560,111680,111682,111751,111754,111771,111776,111779,111895,111897,111926,111929,111935,111940,111944,112025,112027,112055,112060,112064,112159,112161,112202,112206,112209,112276,112278,112319,112325,112340,112347,112354,112358,112364,112450,112454,112462,112533,112538,112545,112547,112553,112555,112620,112622,112638,112643,112646,112715,112719,112722,112781,112784,112788,112841,112854,112857,112910,112914,112916,112947,112950,112955,113008,113012,113015,113036,113048,113050,113103,113105,113110,113112,113118,113121,113127,113132,113136,113139,113147,113156,113158,113186],[10,111170,3015,111172,18],{"id":111171},"python-setunion-method",[15,111173,107464],{},[20,111175,111176,111178],{},[15,111177,107464],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111180,111181],{},"It is useful when you want:",[163,111183,111184,111187,111192],{},[166,111185,111186],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[166,111188,1993,111189,111191],{},[30,111190,100195],{}," as the result",[166,111193,111194],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[38,111196,41],{"id":40},[43,111198,111200],{"className":45,"code":111199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111201,111202,111222,111242,111246,111264,111274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111203,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111205,109988],{"class":58},[52,111207,63],{"class":62},[52,111209,67],{"class":66},[52,111211,948],{"class":947},[52,111213,80],{"class":66},[52,111215,953],{"class":947},[52,111217,80],{"class":66},[52,111219,958],{"class":947},[52,111221,100],{"class":66},[52,111223,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111225,110009],{"class":58},[52,111227,63],{"class":62},[52,111229,67],{"class":66},[52,111231,1500],{"class":947},[52,111233,80],{"class":66},[52,111235,1896],{"class":947},[52,111237,80],{"class":66},[52,111239,4048],{"class":947},[52,111241,100],{"class":66},[52,111243,111244],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111245,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111247,111248,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260,111262],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111249,1668],{"class":58},[52,111251,63],{"class":62},[52,111253,110038],{"class":58},[52,111255,114],{"class":66},[52,111257,110556],{"class":117},[52,111259,138],{"class":66},[52,111261,100020],{"class":117},[52,111263,144],{"class":66},[52,111265,111266,111268,111270,111272],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,111267,135],{"class":134},[52,111269,138],{"class":66},[52,111271,1703],{"class":117},[52,111273,144],{"class":66},[52,111275,111276],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,111277,111278],{"class":3105},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111280,111281,111283],{},[15,111282,102225],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[38,111285,194,111287,197],{"id":111286},"what-setunion-does",[15,111288,107464],{},[20,111290,111291,202],{},[15,111292,107464],{},[163,111294,111295,111298,111301,111303],{},[166,111296,111297],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[166,111299,111300],{},"keeps only unique values",[166,111302,109918],{},[166,111304,109927],{},[20,111306,111307],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111309,219,111310,114],{},[221,111311,224],{"href":223},[38,111313,228],{"id":227},[43,111315,111317],{"className":45,"code":111316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111318,111319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111320,111321,111323,111325,111327,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111322,100011],{"class":58},[52,111324,114],{"class":66},[52,111326,110556],{"class":117},[52,111328,138],{"class":66},[52,111330,100020],{"class":117},[52,111332,80],{"class":66},[52,111334,100047],{"class":117},[52,111336,80],{"class":66},[52,111338,33886],{"class":134},[52,111340,144],{"class":66},[20,111342,247],{},[163,111344,111345,111348,111351],{},[166,111346,111347],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[166,111349,111350],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[166,111352,111353],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111355,111356],{},"Example with two sets:",[43,111358,111360],{"className":45,"code":111359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111361,111362,111378,111394,111398,111416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111363,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374,111376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111365,1993],{"class":58},[52,111367,63],{"class":62},[52,111369,67],{"class":66},[52,111371,948],{"class":947},[52,111373,80],{"class":66},[52,111375,953],{"class":947},[52,111377,100],{"class":66},[52,111379,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388,111390,111392],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111381,2021],{"class":58},[52,111383,63],{"class":62},[52,111385,67],{"class":66},[52,111387,1047],{"class":947},[52,111389,80],{"class":66},[52,111391,958],{"class":947},[52,111393,100],{"class":66},[52,111395,111396],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111397,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111399,111400,111402,111404,111406,111408,111410,111412,111414],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111401,1668],{"class":58},[52,111403,63],{"class":62},[52,111405,56323],{"class":58},[52,111407,114],{"class":66},[52,111409,110556],{"class":117},[52,111411,138],{"class":66},[52,111413,4204],{"class":117},[52,111415,144],{"class":66},[52,111417,111418,111420,111422,111424],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,111419,135],{"class":134},[52,111421,138],{"class":66},[52,111423,1703],{"class":117},[52,111425,144],{"class":66},[38,111427,21410],{"id":21409},[20,111429,111430,100192,111432,114],{},[15,111431,107464],{},[30,111433,100195],{},[20,111435,111436],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[163,111438,111439,111442],{},[166,111440,111441],{},"the original set",[166,111443,111444,111445],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111446,102225],{},[20,111448,267],{},[43,111450,111452],{"className":45,"code":111451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111453,111454,111470,111486,111490,111508,111512,111525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111455,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466,111468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111457,1993],{"class":58},[52,111459,63],{"class":62},[52,111461,67],{"class":66},[52,111463,948],{"class":947},[52,111465,80],{"class":66},[52,111467,953],{"class":947},[52,111469,100],{"class":66},[52,111471,111472,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482,111484],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111473,2021],{"class":58},[52,111475,63],{"class":62},[52,111477,67],{"class":66},[52,111479,1047],{"class":947},[52,111481,80],{"class":66},[52,111483,958],{"class":947},[52,111485,100],{"class":66},[52,111487,111488],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111489,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111491,111492,111494,111496,111498,111500,111502,111504,111506],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111493,1668],{"class":58},[52,111495,63],{"class":62},[52,111497,56323],{"class":58},[52,111499,114],{"class":66},[52,111501,110556],{"class":117},[52,111503,138],{"class":66},[52,111505,4204],{"class":117},[52,111507,144],{"class":66},[52,111509,111510],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,111511,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111513,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,111515,135],{"class":134},[52,111517,138],{"class":66},[52,111519,1703],{"class":117},[52,111521,3102],{"class":66},[52,111523,111524],{"class":3105},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,111528,135],{"class":134},[52,111530,138],{"class":66},[52,111532,221],{"class":117},[52,111534,3102],{"class":66},[52,111536,111537],{"class":3105},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111539,1725,111540,111542],{},[15,111541,221],{}," did not change.",[20,111544,110160],{},[163,111546,111547,111549],{},[166,111548,110165],{},[166,111550,111551],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111553,111554],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[38,111556,10917],{"id":10916},[20,111558,111559],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[43,111561,111563],{"className":45,"code":111562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111564,111565,111598,111631,111635,111655,111659,111669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111566,111567,111570,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586,111588,111590,111592,111594,111596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111568,111569],{"class":58},"fruits1 ",[52,111571,63],{"class":62},[52,111573,67],{"class":66},[52,111575,71],{"class":70},[52,111577,75],{"class":74},[52,111579,71],{"class":70},[52,111581,80],{"class":66},[52,111583,83],{"class":70},[52,111585,86],{"class":74},[52,111587,71],{"class":70},[52,111589,80],{"class":66},[52,111591,83],{"class":70},[52,111593,32652],{"class":74},[52,111595,71],{"class":70},[52,111597,100],{"class":66},[52,111599,111600,111603,111605,111607,111609,111611,111613,111615,111617,111619,111621,111623,111625,111627,111629],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111601,111602],{"class":58},"fruits2 ",[52,111604,63],{"class":62},[52,111606,67],{"class":66},[52,111608,71],{"class":70},[52,111610,86],{"class":74},[52,111612,71],{"class":70},[52,111614,80],{"class":66},[52,111616,83],{"class":70},[52,111618,21973],{"class":74},[52,111620,71],{"class":70},[52,111622,80],{"class":66},[52,111624,83],{"class":70},[52,111626,32652],{"class":74},[52,111628,71],{"class":70},[52,111630,100],{"class":66},[52,111632,111633],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111634,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111636,111637,111639,111641,111644,111646,111648,111650,111653],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111638,1668],{"class":58},[52,111640,63],{"class":62},[52,111642,111643],{"class":58}," fruits1",[52,111645,114],{"class":66},[52,111647,110556],{"class":117},[52,111649,138],{"class":66},[52,111651,111652],{"class":117},"fruits2",[52,111654,144],{"class":66},[52,111656,111657],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,111658,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111660,111661,111663,111665,111667],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,111662,135],{"class":134},[52,111664,138],{"class":66},[52,111666,1703],{"class":117},[52,111668,144],{"class":66},[52,111670,111671,111673,111675,111678],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,111672,135],{"class":134},[52,111674,138],{"class":66},[52,111676,111677],{"class":117},"fruits1",[52,111679,144],{"class":66},[20,111681,577],{},[43,111683,111685],{"className":45,"code":111684,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111686,111687,111723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111688,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719,111721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111690,8726],{"class":66},[52,111692,608],{"class":70},[52,111694,86],{"class":74},[52,111696,608],{"class":70},[52,111698,80],{"class":66},[52,111700,617],{"class":70},[52,111702,32652],{"class":74},[52,111704,608],{"class":70},[52,111706,80],{"class":66},[52,111708,617],{"class":70},[52,111710,75],{"class":74},[52,111712,608],{"class":70},[52,111714,80],{"class":66},[52,111716,617],{"class":70},[52,111718,21973],{"class":74},[52,111720,608],{"class":70},[52,111722,100],{"class":66},[52,111724,111725,111727,111729,111731,111733,111735,111737,111739,111741,111743,111745,111747,111749],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111726,8726],{"class":66},[52,111728,608],{"class":70},[52,111730,86],{"class":74},[52,111732,608],{"class":70},[52,111734,80],{"class":66},[52,111736,617],{"class":70},[52,111738,32652],{"class":74},[52,111740,608],{"class":70},[52,111742,80],{"class":66},[52,111744,617],{"class":70},[52,111746,75],{"class":74},[52,111748,608],{"class":70},[52,111750,100],{"class":66},[20,111752,111753],{},"What this shows:",[163,111755,111756,111763,111766],{},[166,111757,111758,803,111760,111762],{},[15,111759,64710],{},[15,111761,65137],{}," appear in both sets",[166,111764,111765],{},"they appear only once in the result",[166,111767,111768,111770],{},[15,111769,111677],{}," stays unchanged",[38,111772,1185,111774,100584],{"id":111773},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111775,102225],{},[20,111777,111778],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[43,111780,111782],{"className":45,"code":111781,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111783,111784,111800,111816,111833,111850,111854,111881,111885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111785,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111787,109988],{"class":58},[52,111789,63],{"class":62},[52,111791,67],{"class":66},[52,111793,948],{"class":947},[52,111795,80],{"class":66},[52,111797,953],{"class":947},[52,111799,100],{"class":66},[52,111801,111802,111804,111806,111808,111810,111812,111814],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111803,110009],{"class":58},[52,111805,63],{"class":62},[52,111807,67],{"class":66},[52,111809,1047],{"class":947},[52,111811,80],{"class":66},[52,111813,958],{"class":947},[52,111815,100],{"class":66},[52,111817,111818,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111819,111820],{"class":58},"set3 ",[52,111822,63],{"class":62},[52,111824,67],{"class":66},[52,111826,1500],{"class":947},[52,111828,80],{"class":66},[52,111830,1896],{"class":947},[52,111832,100],{"class":66},[52,111834,111835,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846,111848],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,111836,111837],{"class":58},"set4 ",[52,111839,63],{"class":62},[52,111841,67],{"class":66},[52,111843,1943],{"class":947},[52,111845,80],{"class":66},[52,111847,4048],{"class":947},[52,111849,100],{"class":66},[52,111851,111852],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,111853,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111855,111856,111858,111860,111862,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111879],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,111857,1668],{"class":58},[52,111859,63],{"class":62},[52,111861,110038],{"class":58},[52,111863,114],{"class":66},[52,111865,110556],{"class":117},[52,111867,138],{"class":66},[52,111869,100020],{"class":117},[52,111871,80],{"class":66},[52,111873,100047],{"class":117},[52,111875,80],{"class":66},[52,111877,111878],{"class":117}," set4",[52,111880,144],{"class":66},[52,111882,111883],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,111884,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111886,111887,111889,111891,111893],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,111888,135],{"class":134},[52,111890,138],{"class":66},[52,111892,1703],{"class":117},[52,111894,144],{"class":66},[20,111896,577],{},[43,111898,111900],{"className":45,"code":111899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111901,111902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111903,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111905,8726],{"class":66},[52,111907,948],{"class":947},[52,111909,80],{"class":66},[52,111911,953],{"class":947},[52,111913,80],{"class":66},[52,111915,958],{"class":947},[52,111917,80],{"class":66},[52,111919,1896],{"class":947},[52,111921,80],{"class":66},[52,111923,4048],{"class":947},[52,111925,100],{"class":66},[20,111927,111928],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[38,111930,1185,111932,111934],{"id":111931},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,111933,102225],{}," with other iterables",[20,111936,111937,111939],{},[15,111938,102225],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[699,111941,111943],{"id":111942},"with-a-list","With a list",[43,111945,111947],{"className":45,"code":111946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111948,111949,111969,111993,111997,112015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111950,111951,111953,111955,111957,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111952,940],{"class":58},[52,111954,63],{"class":62},[52,111956,67],{"class":66},[52,111958,948],{"class":947},[52,111960,80],{"class":66},[52,111962,953],{"class":947},[52,111964,80],{"class":66},[52,111966,958],{"class":947},[52,111968,100],{"class":66},[52,111970,111971,111973,111975,111977,111979,111981,111983,111985,111987,111989,111991],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,111972,60483],{"class":58},[52,111974,63],{"class":62},[52,111976,3063],{"class":66},[52,111978,1500],{"class":947},[52,111980,80],{"class":66},[52,111982,1896],{"class":947},[52,111984,80],{"class":66},[52,111986,4048],{"class":947},[52,111988,80],{"class":66},[52,111990,4048],{"class":947},[52,111992,3076],{"class":66},[52,111994,111995],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,111996,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,111998,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112000,1668],{"class":58},[52,112002,63],{"class":62},[52,112004,970],{"class":58},[52,112006,114],{"class":66},[52,112008,110556],{"class":117},[52,112010,138],{"class":66},[52,112012,60512],{"class":117},[52,112014,144],{"class":66},[52,112016,112017,112019,112021,112023],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,112018,135],{"class":134},[52,112020,138],{"class":66},[52,112022,1703],{"class":117},[52,112024,144],{"class":66},[20,112026,577],{},[43,112028,112029],{"className":45,"code":111899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112030,112031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112032,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051,112053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112034,8726],{"class":66},[52,112036,948],{"class":947},[52,112038,80],{"class":66},[52,112040,953],{"class":947},[52,112042,80],{"class":66},[52,112044,958],{"class":947},[52,112046,80],{"class":66},[52,112048,1896],{"class":947},[52,112050,80],{"class":66},[52,112052,4048],{"class":947},[52,112054,100],{"class":66},[20,112056,20417,112057,112059],{},[15,112058,1131],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[699,112061,112063],{"id":112062},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[43,112065,112067],{"className":45,"code":112066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112068,112069,112093,112126,112130,112149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112070,112071,112073,112075,112077,112079,112081,112083,112085,112087,112089,112091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112072,35524],{"class":58},[52,112074,63],{"class":62},[52,112076,67],{"class":66},[52,112078,71],{"class":70},[52,112080,221],{"class":74},[52,112082,71],{"class":70},[52,112084,80],{"class":66},[52,112086,83],{"class":70},[52,112088,4204],{"class":74},[52,112090,71],{"class":70},[52,112092,100],{"class":66},[52,112094,112095,112098,112100,112102,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122,112124],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112096,112097],{"class":58},"more_letters ",[52,112099,63],{"class":62},[52,112101,8684],{"class":66},[52,112103,71],{"class":70},[52,112105,4204],{"class":74},[52,112107,71],{"class":70},[52,112109,80],{"class":66},[52,112111,83],{"class":70},[52,112113,9187],{"class":74},[52,112115,71],{"class":70},[52,112117,80],{"class":66},[52,112119,83],{"class":70},[52,112121,18207],{"class":74},[52,112123,71],{"class":70},[52,112125,144],{"class":66},[52,112127,112128],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112129,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112131,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112147],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112133,1668],{"class":58},[52,112135,63],{"class":62},[52,112137,69530],{"class":58},[52,112139,114],{"class":66},[52,112141,110556],{"class":117},[52,112143,138],{"class":66},[52,112145,112146],{"class":117},"more_letters",[52,112148,144],{"class":66},[52,112150,112151,112153,112155,112157],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,112152,135],{"class":134},[52,112154,138],{"class":66},[52,112156,1703],{"class":117},[52,112158,144],{"class":66},[20,112160,577],{},[43,112162,112164],{"className":45,"code":112163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112165,112166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112167,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112169,8726],{"class":66},[52,112171,608],{"class":70},[52,112173,221],{"class":74},[52,112175,608],{"class":70},[52,112177,80],{"class":66},[52,112179,617],{"class":70},[52,112181,4204],{"class":74},[52,112183,608],{"class":70},[52,112185,80],{"class":66},[52,112187,617],{"class":70},[52,112189,9187],{"class":74},[52,112191,608],{"class":70},[52,112193,80],{"class":66},[52,112195,617],{"class":70},[52,112197,18207],{"class":74},[52,112199,608],{"class":70},[52,112201,100],{"class":66},[699,112203,112205],{"id":112204},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112207,112208],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[43,112210,112212],{"className":45,"code":112211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112213,112214,112239,112262,112266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112215,112216,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229,112231,112233,112235,112237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112217,112218],{"class":58},"chars ",[52,112220,63],{"class":62},[52,112222,67],{"class":66},[52,112224,71],{"class":70},[52,112226,221],{"class":74},[52,112228,71],{"class":70},[52,112230,80],{"class":66},[52,112232,83],{"class":70},[52,112234,4204],{"class":74},[52,112236,71],{"class":70},[52,112238,100],{"class":66},[52,112240,112241,112243,112245,112248,112250,112252,112254,112256,112258,112260],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112242,1668],{"class":58},[52,112244,63],{"class":62},[52,112246,112247],{"class":58}," chars",[52,112249,114],{"class":66},[52,112251,110556],{"class":117},[52,112253,138],{"class":66},[52,112255,71],{"class":70},[52,112257,488],{"class":74},[52,112259,71],{"class":70},[52,112261,144],{"class":66},[52,112263,112264],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112265,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112267,112268,112270,112272,112274],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112269,135],{"class":134},[52,112271,138],{"class":66},[52,112273,1703],{"class":117},[52,112275,144],{"class":66},[20,112277,577],{},[43,112279,112281],{"className":45,"code":112280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112282,112283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112284,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315,112317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112286,8726],{"class":66},[52,112288,608],{"class":70},[52,112290,221],{"class":74},[52,112292,608],{"class":70},[52,112294,80],{"class":66},[52,112296,617],{"class":70},[52,112298,4204],{"class":74},[52,112300,608],{"class":70},[52,112302,80],{"class":66},[52,112304,617],{"class":70},[52,112306,9187],{"class":74},[52,112308,608],{"class":70},[52,112310,80],{"class":66},[52,112312,617],{"class":70},[52,112314,62722],{"class":74},[52,112316,608],{"class":70},[52,112318,100],{"class":66},[20,112320,21629,112321,112324],{},[15,112322,112323],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[163,112326,112327,112331,112335],{},[166,112328,112329],{},[15,112330,65917],{},[166,112332,112333],{},[15,112334,17535],{},[166,112336,112337],{},[15,112338,112339],{},"\"t\"",[38,112341,112343,897,112345],{"id":112342},"union-vs-update",[15,112344,102225],{},[15,112346,14394],{},[20,112348,112349,803,112351,112353],{},[15,112350,102225],{},[15,112352,14394],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[699,112355,112356],{"id":110556},[15,112357,102225],{},[163,112359,112360,112362],{},[166,112361,109918],{},[166,112363,109927],{},[43,112365,112366],{"className":45,"code":111451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112367,112368,112384,112400,112404,112422,112426,112438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112369,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380,112382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112371,1993],{"class":58},[52,112373,63],{"class":62},[52,112375,67],{"class":66},[52,112377,948],{"class":947},[52,112379,80],{"class":66},[52,112381,953],{"class":947},[52,112383,100],{"class":66},[52,112385,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396,112398],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112387,2021],{"class":58},[52,112389,63],{"class":62},[52,112391,67],{"class":66},[52,112393,1047],{"class":947},[52,112395,80],{"class":66},[52,112397,958],{"class":947},[52,112399,100],{"class":66},[52,112401,112402],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112403,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112405,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112407,1668],{"class":58},[52,112409,63],{"class":62},[52,112411,56323],{"class":58},[52,112413,114],{"class":66},[52,112415,110556],{"class":117},[52,112417,138],{"class":66},[52,112419,4204],{"class":117},[52,112421,144],{"class":66},[52,112423,112424],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,112425,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112427,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,112429,135],{"class":134},[52,112431,138],{"class":66},[52,112433,1703],{"class":117},[52,112435,3102],{"class":66},[52,112437,111524],{"class":3105},[52,112439,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,112441,135],{"class":134},[52,112443,138],{"class":66},[52,112445,221],{"class":117},[52,112447,3102],{"class":66},[52,112449,111537],{"class":3105},[699,112451,112452],{"id":29894},[15,112453,14394],{},[163,112455,112456,112459],{},[166,112457,112458],{},"changes the existing set in place",[166,112460,112461],{},"does not create a separate result set",[43,112463,112465],{"className":45,"code":112464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112466,112467,112483,112499,112503,112517,112521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112468,112469,112471,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112470,1993],{"class":58},[52,112472,63],{"class":62},[52,112474,67],{"class":66},[52,112476,948],{"class":947},[52,112478,80],{"class":66},[52,112480,953],{"class":947},[52,112482,100],{"class":66},[52,112484,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112486,2021],{"class":58},[52,112488,63],{"class":62},[52,112490,67],{"class":66},[52,112492,1047],{"class":947},[52,112494,80],{"class":66},[52,112496,958],{"class":947},[52,112498,100],{"class":66},[52,112500,112501],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112502,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112504,112505,112507,112509,112511,112513,112515],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112506,221],{"class":58},[52,112508,114],{"class":66},[52,112510,29894],{"class":117},[52,112512,138],{"class":66},[52,112514,4204],{"class":117},[52,112516,144],{"class":66},[52,112518,112519],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,112520,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112522,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,112524,135],{"class":134},[52,112526,138],{"class":66},[52,112528,221],{"class":117},[52,112530,3102],{"class":66},[52,112532,111524],{"class":3105},[20,112534,799,112535,112537],{},[15,112536,102225],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112539,112540,112541,114],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[221,112542,3015,112543,1070],{"href":97945},[15,112544,96742],{},[38,112546,3961],{"id":3960},[699,112548,1174,112550,112552],{"id":112549},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112551,102225],{}," to change the original set",[20,112554,81259],{},[43,112556,112558],{"className":45,"code":112557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112559,112560,112576,112592,112596,112610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112561,112562,112564,112566,112568,112570,112572,112574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112563,1993],{"class":58},[52,112565,63],{"class":62},[52,112567,67],{"class":66},[52,112569,948],{"class":947},[52,112571,80],{"class":66},[52,112573,953],{"class":947},[52,112575,100],{"class":66},[52,112577,112578,112580,112582,112584,112586,112588,112590],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112579,2021],{"class":58},[52,112581,63],{"class":62},[52,112583,67],{"class":66},[52,112585,1047],{"class":947},[52,112587,80],{"class":66},[52,112589,958],{"class":947},[52,112591,100],{"class":66},[52,112593,112594],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112595,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112597,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112599,221],{"class":58},[52,112601,114],{"class":66},[52,112603,110556],{"class":117},[52,112605,138],{"class":66},[52,112607,4204],{"class":117},[52,112609,144],{"class":66},[52,112611,112612,112614,112616,112618],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,112613,135],{"class":134},[52,112615,138],{"class":66},[52,112617,221],{"class":117},[52,112619,144],{"class":66},[20,112621,1509],{},[43,112623,112624],{"className":45,"code":99933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112625,112626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112627,112628,112630,112632,112634,112636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112629,8726],{"class":66},[52,112631,948],{"class":947},[52,112633,80],{"class":66},[52,112635,953],{"class":947},[52,112637,100],{"class":66},[20,112639,7942,112640,112642],{},[15,112641,102225],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112644,112645],{},"Fix it like this:",[43,112647,112649],{"className":45,"code":112648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112650,112651,112667,112683,112687,112705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112652,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663,112665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112654,1993],{"class":58},[52,112656,63],{"class":62},[52,112658,67],{"class":66},[52,112660,948],{"class":947},[52,112662,80],{"class":66},[52,112664,953],{"class":947},[52,112666,100],{"class":66},[52,112668,112669,112671,112673,112675,112677,112679,112681],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112670,2021],{"class":58},[52,112672,63],{"class":62},[52,112674,67],{"class":66},[52,112676,1047],{"class":947},[52,112678,80],{"class":66},[52,112680,958],{"class":947},[52,112682,100],{"class":66},[52,112684,112685],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112686,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112688,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112690,1993],{"class":58},[52,112692,63],{"class":62},[52,112694,56323],{"class":58},[52,112696,114],{"class":66},[52,112698,110556],{"class":117},[52,112700,138],{"class":66},[52,112702,4204],{"class":117},[52,112704,144],{"class":66},[52,112706,112707,112709,112711,112713],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,112708,135],{"class":134},[52,112710,138],{"class":66},[52,112712,221],{"class":117},[52,112714,144],{"class":66},[699,112716,112718],{"id":112717},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112720,112721],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[43,112723,112725],{"className":45,"code":112724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112726,112727,112743,112759,112763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112728,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112730,1993],{"class":58},[52,112732,63],{"class":62},[52,112734,67],{"class":66},[52,112736,1500],{"class":947},[52,112738,80],{"class":66},[52,112740,4944],{"class":947},[52,112742,100],{"class":66},[52,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753,112755,112757],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112746,2021],{"class":58},[52,112748,63],{"class":62},[52,112750,67],{"class":66},[52,112752,1047],{"class":947},[52,112754,80],{"class":66},[52,112756,1896],{"class":947},[52,112758,100],{"class":66},[52,112760,112761],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112762,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,112764,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,112766,135],{"class":134},[52,112768,138],{"class":66},[52,112770,221],{"class":117},[52,112772,114],{"class":66},[52,112774,110556],{"class":117},[52,112776,138],{"class":66},[52,112778,4204],{"class":117},[52,112780,1222],{"class":66},[20,112782,112783],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[699,112785,112787],{"id":112786},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[43,112789,112791],{"className":45,"code":112790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112792,112793,112809,112831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112794,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805,112807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112796,3515],{"class":58},[52,112798,63],{"class":62},[52,112800,67],{"class":66},[52,112802,71],{"class":70},[52,112804,497],{"class":74},[52,112806,71],{"class":70},[52,112808,100],{"class":66},[52,112810,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112812,1668],{"class":58},[52,112814,63],{"class":62},[52,112816,5615],{"class":58},[52,112818,114],{"class":66},[52,112820,110556],{"class":117},[52,112822,138],{"class":66},[52,112824,71],{"class":70},[52,112826,488],{"class":74},[52,112828,71],{"class":70},[52,112830,144],{"class":66},[52,112832,112833,112835,112837,112839],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112834,135],{"class":134},[52,112836,138],{"class":66},[52,112838,1703],{"class":117},[52,112840,144],{"class":66},[20,112842,112843,112844,1627,112846,16512,112848,112850,112851,112853],{},"This adds ",[15,112845,65917],{},[15,112847,17535],{},[15,112849,112339],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112852,112323],{}," as one item.",[20,112855,112856],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[43,112858,112860],{"className":45,"code":112859,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112861,112862,112878,112900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112863,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112865,3515],{"class":58},[52,112867,63],{"class":62},[52,112869,67],{"class":66},[52,112871,71],{"class":70},[52,112873,497],{"class":74},[52,112875,71],{"class":70},[52,112877,100],{"class":66},[52,112879,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112881,1668],{"class":58},[52,112883,63],{"class":62},[52,112885,5615],{"class":58},[52,112887,114],{"class":66},[52,112889,110556],{"class":117},[52,112891,2424],{"class":66},[52,112893,71],{"class":70},[52,112895,488],{"class":74},[52,112897,71],{"class":70},[52,112899,3332],{"class":66},[52,112901,112902,112904,112906,112908],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,112903,135],{"class":134},[52,112905,138],{"class":66},[52,112907,1703],{"class":117},[52,112909,144],{"class":66},[699,112911,112913],{"id":112912},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,112915,2275],{},[43,112917,112919],{"className":45,"code":112918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,112920,112921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112922,112923,112925,112927,112929,112931,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941,112943,112945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112924,15069],{"class":58},[52,112926,63],{"class":62},[52,112928,67],{"class":66},[52,112930,948],{"class":947},[52,112932,80],{"class":66},[52,112934,953],{"class":947},[52,112936,80],{"class":66},[52,112938,3063],{"class":66},[52,112940,1500],{"class":947},[52,112942,80],{"class":66},[52,112944,1896],{"class":947},[52,112946,13145],{"class":66},[20,112948,112949],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,112951,112952,112953,202],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,112954,102225],{},[43,112956,112958],{"className":45,"code":112957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112959,112960,112976,112998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112961,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112963,15069],{"class":58},[52,112965,63],{"class":62},[52,112967,67],{"class":66},[52,112969,948],{"class":947},[52,112971,80],{"class":66},[52,112973,953],{"class":947},[52,112975,100],{"class":66},[52,112977,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986,112988,112990,112992,112994,112996],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,112979,1668],{"class":58},[52,112981,63],{"class":62},[52,112983,1246],{"class":58},[52,112985,114],{"class":66},[52,112987,110556],{"class":117},[52,112989,2424],{"class":66},[52,112991,1500],{"class":947},[52,112993,80],{"class":66},[52,112995,1896],{"class":947},[52,112997,3332],{"class":66},[52,112999,113000,113002,113004,113006],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113001,135],{"class":134},[52,113003,138],{"class":66},[52,113005,1703],{"class":117},[52,113007,144],{"class":66},[38,113009,113011],{"id":113010},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113013,113014],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[163,113016,113017,113023,113030,113033],{},[166,113018,113019,113020,113022],{},"call ",[15,113021,102225],{}," without saving the returned set",[166,113024,113025,113026,8151,113028],{},"confuse ",[15,113027,102225],{},[15,113029,14394],{},[166,113031,113032],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[166,113034,113035],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113037,113038,113039,803,113043,114],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[221,113040,3015,113041,1070],{"href":102214},[15,113042,105994],{},[221,113044,3015,113046,1070],{"href":113045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113047,99845],{},[20,113049,1191],{},[43,113051,113053],{"className":45,"code":113052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113054,113055,113065,113079,113089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113056,113057,113059,113061,113063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113058,135],{"class":134},[52,113060,138],{"class":66},[52,113062,238],{"class":117},[52,113064,144],{"class":66},[52,113066,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113068,135],{"class":134},[52,113070,138],{"class":66},[52,113072,1231],{"class":600},[52,113074,138],{"class":66},[52,113076,238],{"class":117},[52,113078,1222],{"class":66},[52,113080,113081,113083,113085,113087],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113082,135],{"class":134},[52,113084,138],{"class":66},[52,113086,1703],{"class":117},[52,113088,144],{"class":66},[52,113090,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113092,31583],{"class":134},[52,113094,138],{"class":66},[52,113096,601],{"class":600},[52,113098,114],{"class":66},[52,113100,110556],{"class":24190},[52,113102,144],{"class":66},[38,113104,1273],{"id":1272},[699,113106,1277,113108,102165],{"id":113107},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113109,107464],{},[20,113111,102168],{},[699,113113,4614,113115,113117],{"id":113114},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113116,102225],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113119,113120],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[699,113122,27767,113124,113126],{"id":113123},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113125,102225],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113128,41586,113129,113131],{},[15,113130,102225],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[699,113133,113135],{"id":113134},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113137,113138],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[699,113140,4624,113142,803,113144,1293],{"id":113141},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113143,102225],{},[15,113145,113146],{},"|",[20,113148,113149,113150,113152,113153,113155],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113151,113146],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113154,102225],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[38,113157,1332],{"id":1331},[163,113159,113160,113164,113170,113176,113182],{},[166,113161,113162],{},[221,113163,224],{"href":223},[166,113165,113166],{},[221,113167,3015,113168,1070],{"href":97945},[15,113169,96742],{},[166,113171,113172],{},[221,113173,3015,113174,1070],{"href":102214},[15,113175,105994],{},[166,113177,113178],{},[221,113179,3015,113180,1070],{"href":113045},[15,113181,99845],{},[166,113183,113184],{},[221,113185,99770],{"href":98503},[1364,113187,113188],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":113190},[113191,113192,113194,113195,113196,113197,113199,113205,113210,113217,113218,113229],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":111286,"depth":103,"text":113193},"What set.union() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":21409,"depth":103,"text":21410},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":111773,"depth":103,"text":113198},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":111931,"depth":103,"text":113200,"children":113201},"Using union() with other iterables",[113202,113203,113204],{"id":111942,"depth":124,"text":111943},{"id":112062,"depth":124,"text":112063},{"id":112204,"depth":124,"text":112205},{"id":112342,"depth":103,"text":113206,"children":113207},"union() vs update()",[113208,113209],{"id":110556,"depth":124,"text":102225},{"id":29894,"depth":124,"text":14394},{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":113211},[113212,113214,113215,113216],{"id":112549,"depth":124,"text":113213},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112717,"depth":124,"text":112718},{"id":112786,"depth":124,"text":112787},{"id":112912,"depth":124,"text":112913},{"id":113010,"depth":103,"text":113011},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":113219},[113220,113222,113224,113226,113227],{"id":113107,"depth":124,"text":113221},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113114,"depth":124,"text":113223},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113123,"depth":124,"text":113225},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113134,"depth":124,"text":113135},{"id":113141,"depth":124,"text":113228},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111166,"description":113230},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113236,"title":113237,"body":113238,"description":115127,"extension":1401,"meta":115128,"navigation":127,"path":96243,"seo":115129,"stem":115130,"__hash__":115131},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113239,"toc":115093},[113240,113245,113250,113258,113260,113318,113323,113328,113332,113344,113347,113421,113426,113428,113430,113449,113451,113468,113471,113498,113500,113570,113574,113576,113582,113584,113645,113650,113652,113709,113713,113718,113783,113785,113805,113812,113816,113821,113906,113909,113916,114019,114023,114028,114086,114089,114100,114114,114121,114179,114186,114189,114199,114203,114261,114265,114331,114334,114392,114399,114406,114409,114413,114422,114491,114495,114501,114589,114599,114603,114607,114611,114614,114675,114680,114737,114741,114743,114778,114785,114787,114841,114848,114852,114855,114920,114929,114935,114992,114994,114999,115003,115007,115010,115017,115025,115029,115034,115038,115044,115046,115081,115090],[10,113241,13,113243,18],{"id":113242},"python-set-update-method",[15,113244,14394],{},[20,113246,113247,113249],{},[15,113248,96742],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113251,113252,113253,113257],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[221,113254,113255],{"href":97926},[15,113256,95640],{},", which adds only one item.",[38,113259,3049],{"id":3048},[43,113261,113263],{"className":45,"code":113262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113264,113265,113281,113303,113313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113266,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113268,940],{"class":58},[52,113270,63],{"class":62},[52,113272,67],{"class":66},[52,113274,948],{"class":947},[52,113276,80],{"class":66},[52,113278,953],{"class":947},[52,113280,100],{"class":66},[52,113282,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113284,1037],{"class":58},[52,113286,114],{"class":66},[52,113288,29894],{"class":117},[52,113290,2424],{"class":66},[52,113292,1047],{"class":947},[52,113294,80],{"class":66},[52,113296,958],{"class":947},[52,113298,80],{"class":66},[52,113300,1896],{"class":947},[52,113302,3332],{"class":66},[52,113304,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113306,135],{"class":134},[52,113308,138],{"class":66},[52,113310,1037],{"class":117},[52,113312,144],{"class":66},[52,113314,113315],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113316,113317],{"class":3105},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113319,799,113320,113322],{},[15,113321,14394],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[38,113324,194,113326,197],{"id":113325},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113327,96742],{},[20,113329,113330,202],{},[15,113331,96742],{},[163,113333,113334,113337,113339,113342],{},[166,113335,113336],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[166,113338,95747],{},[166,113340,113341],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[166,113343,95750],{},[20,113345,113346],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[43,113348,113350],{"className":45,"code":113349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113351,113352,113376,113402,113406,113416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113353,113354,113356,113358,113360,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113355,277],{"class":58},[52,113357,63],{"class":62},[52,113359,67],{"class":66},[52,113361,71],{"class":70},[52,113363,286],{"class":74},[52,113365,71],{"class":70},[52,113367,80],{"class":66},[52,113369,83],{"class":70},[52,113371,295],{"class":74},[52,113373,71],{"class":70},[52,113375,100],{"class":66},[52,113377,113378,113380,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392,113394,113396,113398,113400],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113379,348],{"class":58},[52,113381,114],{"class":66},[52,113383,29894],{"class":117},[52,113385,2424],{"class":66},[52,113387,71],{"class":70},[52,113389,295],{"class":74},[52,113391,71],{"class":70},[52,113393,80],{"class":66},[52,113395,83],{"class":70},[52,113397,304],{"class":74},[52,113399,71],{"class":70},[52,113401,3332],{"class":66},[52,113403,113404],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113405,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113407,113408,113410,113412,113414],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113409,135],{"class":134},[52,113411,138],{"class":66},[52,113413,348],{"class":117},[52,113415,144],{"class":66},[52,113417,113418],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113419,113420],{"class":3105},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113422,20417,113423,113425],{},[15,113424,110321],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[38,113427,228],{"id":227},[20,113429,6664],{},[43,113431,113433],{"className":45,"code":113432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113434,113435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113438,238],{"class":58},[52,113440,114],{"class":66},[52,113442,29894],{"class":117},[52,113444,138],{"class":66},[52,113446,3162],{"class":117},[52,113448,144],{"class":66},[20,113450,79635],{},[163,113452,113453,113456,113459,113462,113465],{},[166,113454,113455],{},"A list",[166,113457,113458],{},"A tuple",[166,113460,113461],{},"Another set",[166,113463,113464],{},"A string",[166,113466,113467],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113469,113470],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[43,113472,113474],{"className":45,"code":113473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113475,113476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113477,113478,113480,113482,113484,113486,113488,113490,113492,113494,113496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113479,238],{"class":58},[52,113481,114],{"class":66},[52,113483,29894],{"class":117},[52,113485,138],{"class":66},[52,113487,221],{"class":117},[52,113489,80],{"class":66},[52,113491,1998],{"class":117},[52,113493,80],{"class":66},[52,113495,9129],{"class":117},[52,113497,144],{"class":66},[20,113499,267],{},[43,113501,113503],{"className":45,"code":113502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113504,113505,113517,113551,113555,113565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113506,113507,113509,113511,113513,113515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113508,3265],{"class":58},[52,113510,63],{"class":62},[52,113512,67],{"class":66},[52,113514,948],{"class":947},[52,113516,100],{"class":66},[52,113518,113519,113521,113523,113525,113527,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541,113543,113545,113547,113549],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113520,4804],{"class":58},[52,113522,114],{"class":66},[52,113524,29894],{"class":117},[52,113526,2424],{"class":66},[52,113528,1047],{"class":947},[52,113530,80],{"class":66},[52,113532,958],{"class":947},[52,113534,17501],{"class":66},[52,113536,8684],{"class":66},[52,113538,1943],{"class":947},[52,113540,80],{"class":66},[52,113542,4048],{"class":947},[52,113544,8681],{"class":66},[52,113546,67],{"class":66},[52,113548,80026],{"class":947},[52,113550,29926],{"class":66},[52,113552,113553],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113554,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113556,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113558,135],{"class":134},[52,113560,138],{"class":66},[52,113562,4804],{"class":117},[52,113564,144],{"class":66},[52,113566,113567],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113568,113569],{"class":3105},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113571,219,113572,114],{},[221,113573,95762],{"href":97310},[38,113575,21410],{"id":21409},[20,113577,113578,1837,113580,114],{},[15,113579,96742],{},[15,113581,3220],{},[20,113583,11157],{},[43,113585,113587],{"className":45,"code":113586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113588,113589,113605,113627,113631,113641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113592,940],{"class":58},[52,113594,63],{"class":62},[52,113596,67],{"class":66},[52,113598,948],{"class":947},[52,113600,80],{"class":66},[52,113602,953],{"class":947},[52,113604,100],{"class":66},[52,113606,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113608,1668],{"class":58},[52,113610,63],{"class":62},[52,113612,970],{"class":58},[52,113614,114],{"class":66},[52,113616,29894],{"class":117},[52,113618,2424],{"class":66},[52,113620,1500],{"class":947},[52,113622,80],{"class":66},[52,113624,1896],{"class":947},[52,113626,3332],{"class":66},[52,113628,113629],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113630,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113632,113633,113635,113637,113639],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113634,135],{"class":134},[52,113636,138],{"class":66},[52,113638,1703],{"class":117},[52,113640,144],{"class":66},[52,113642,113643],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113644,61267],{"class":3105},[20,113646,113647,113648,114],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113649,1703],{},[20,113651,18408],{},[43,113653,113655],{"className":45,"code":113654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113656,113657,113673,113691,113695,113705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113658,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113660,940],{"class":58},[52,113662,63],{"class":62},[52,113664,67],{"class":66},[52,113666,948],{"class":947},[52,113668,80],{"class":66},[52,113670,953],{"class":947},[52,113672,100],{"class":66},[52,113674,113675,113677,113679,113681,113683,113685,113687,113689],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113676,1037],{"class":58},[52,113678,114],{"class":66},[52,113680,29894],{"class":117},[52,113682,2424],{"class":66},[52,113684,1500],{"class":947},[52,113686,80],{"class":66},[52,113688,1896],{"class":947},[52,113690,3332],{"class":66},[52,113692,113693],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113694,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113696,113697,113699,113701,113703],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113698,135],{"class":134},[52,113700,138],{"class":66},[52,113702,1037],{"class":117},[52,113704,144],{"class":66},[52,113706,113707],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113708,113317],{"class":3105},[38,113710,113712],{"id":113711},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113714,113715,113716,114],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113717,14394],{},[43,113719,113721],{"className":45,"code":113720,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113722,113723,113739,113765,113769,113779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113724,113725,113727,113729,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113726,940],{"class":58},[52,113728,63],{"class":62},[52,113730,67],{"class":66},[52,113732,948],{"class":947},[52,113734,80],{"class":66},[52,113736,953],{"class":947},[52,113738,100],{"class":66},[52,113740,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757,113759,113761,113763],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113742,1037],{"class":58},[52,113744,114],{"class":66},[52,113746,29894],{"class":117},[52,113748,2424],{"class":66},[52,113750,1047],{"class":947},[52,113752,80],{"class":66},[52,113754,958],{"class":947},[52,113756,80],{"class":66},[52,113758,1896],{"class":947},[52,113760,80],{"class":66},[52,113762,1896],{"class":947},[52,113764,3332],{"class":66},[52,113766,113767],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113768,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113770,113771,113773,113775,113777],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113772,135],{"class":134},[52,113774,138],{"class":66},[52,113776,1037],{"class":117},[52,113778,144],{"class":66},[52,113780,113781],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113782,113317],{"class":3105},[20,113784,11126],{},[163,113786,113787,113792,113799],{},[166,113788,113789,113791],{},[15,113790,1047],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[166,113793,113794,803,113796,113798],{},[15,113795,1500],{},[15,113797,1943],{}," are added",[166,113800,113801,113802,113804],{},"The second ",[15,113803,1943],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113806,113807,113808,113811],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[221,113809,113810],{"href":98503},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[38,113813,113815],{"id":113814},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113817,7210,113818,113820],{},[15,113819,14394],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[43,113822,113824],{"className":45,"code":113823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113825,113826,113847,113868,113872,113888,113892,113902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113827,113828,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113829,113830],{"class":58},"set_a ",[52,113832,63],{"class":62},[52,113834,67],{"class":66},[52,113836,948],{"class":947},[52,113838,80],{"class":66},[52,113840,953],{"class":947},[52,113842,80],{"class":66},[52,113844,958],{"class":947},[52,113846,100],{"class":66},[52,113848,113849,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860,113862,113864,113866],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113850,113851],{"class":58},"set_b ",[52,113853,63],{"class":62},[52,113855,67],{"class":66},[52,113857,1500],{"class":947},[52,113859,80],{"class":66},[52,113861,1896],{"class":947},[52,113863,80],{"class":66},[52,113865,4048],{"class":947},[52,113867,100],{"class":66},[52,113869,113870],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113871,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113873,113874,113877,113879,113881,113883,113886],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113875,113876],{"class":58},"set_a",[52,113878,114],{"class":66},[52,113880,29894],{"class":117},[52,113882,138],{"class":66},[52,113884,113885],{"class":117},"set_b",[52,113887,144],{"class":66},[52,113889,113890],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113891,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113893,113894,113896,113898,113900],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,113895,135],{"class":134},[52,113897,138],{"class":66},[52,113899,113876],{"class":117},[52,113901,144],{"class":66},[52,113903,113904],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,113905,111278],{"class":3105},[20,113907,113908],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,113910,113911,113912,114],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[221,113913,113914],{"href":102222},[15,113915,107464],{},[43,113917,113919],{"className":45,"code":113918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113920,113921,113941,113961,113965,113985,113989,114000,114004,114014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113922,113923,113925,113927,113929,113931,113933,113935,113937,113939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113924,113830],{"class":58},[52,113926,63],{"class":62},[52,113928,67],{"class":66},[52,113930,948],{"class":947},[52,113932,80],{"class":66},[52,113934,953],{"class":947},[52,113936,80],{"class":66},[52,113938,958],{"class":947},[52,113940,100],{"class":66},[52,113942,113943,113945,113947,113949,113951,113953,113955,113957,113959],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,113944,113851],{"class":58},[52,113946,63],{"class":62},[52,113948,67],{"class":66},[52,113950,1500],{"class":947},[52,113952,80],{"class":66},[52,113954,1896],{"class":947},[52,113956,80],{"class":66},[52,113958,4048],{"class":947},[52,113960,100],{"class":66},[52,113962,113963],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,113964,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113966,113967,113970,113972,113975,113977,113979,113981,113983],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,113968,113969],{"class":58},"combined ",[52,113971,63],{"class":62},[52,113973,113974],{"class":58}," set_a",[52,113976,114],{"class":66},[52,113978,110556],{"class":117},[52,113980,138],{"class":66},[52,113982,113885],{"class":117},[52,113984,144],{"class":66},[52,113986,113987],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,113988,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,113990,113991,113993,113995,113998],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,113992,135],{"class":134},[52,113994,138],{"class":66},[52,113996,113997],{"class":117},"combined",[52,113999,144],{"class":66},[52,114001,114002],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,114003,111278],{"class":3105},[52,114005,114006,114008,114010,114012],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,114007,135],{"class":134},[52,114009,138],{"class":66},[52,114011,113876],{"class":117},[52,114013,144],{"class":66},[52,114015,114016],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,114017,114018],{"class":3105},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[38,114020,114022],{"id":114021},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114024,64175,114025,114027],{},[15,114026,14394],{}," adds each character separately.",[43,114029,114031],{"className":45,"code":114030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114032,114033,114049,114067,114071,114081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114034,114035,114037,114039,114041,114043,114045,114047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114036,35524],{"class":58},[52,114038,63],{"class":62},[52,114040,67],{"class":66},[52,114042,71],{"class":70},[52,114044,1611],{"class":74},[52,114046,71],{"class":70},[52,114048,100],{"class":66},[52,114050,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114052,35577],{"class":58},[52,114054,114],{"class":66},[52,114056,29894],{"class":117},[52,114058,138],{"class":66},[52,114060,71],{"class":70},[52,114062,488],{"class":74},[52,114064,71],{"class":70},[52,114066,144],{"class":66},[52,114068,114069],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114070,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114074,135],{"class":134},[52,114076,138],{"class":66},[52,114078,35577],{"class":117},[52,114080,144],{"class":66},[52,114082,114083],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114084,114085],{"class":3105},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114087,114088],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114090,114091,13493,114094,114096,114097,114099],{},[15,114092,114093],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114095,32],{}," add ",[15,114098,112323],{}," as one item. It adds:",[163,114101,114102,114106,114110],{},[166,114103,114104],{},[15,114105,65917],{},[166,114107,114108],{},[15,114109,17535],{},[166,114111,114112],{},[15,114113,112339],{},[20,114115,114116,114117,202],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[221,114118,114119],{"href":97926},[15,114120,95640],{},[43,114122,114124],{"className":45,"code":114123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114125,114126,114142,114160,114164,114174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114127,114128,114130,114132,114134,114136,114138,114140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114129,3515],{"class":58},[52,114131,63],{"class":62},[52,114133,67],{"class":66},[52,114135,71],{"class":70},[52,114137,497],{"class":74},[52,114139,71],{"class":70},[52,114141,100],{"class":66},[52,114143,114144,114146,114148,114150,114152,114154,114156,114158],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114145,3556],{"class":58},[52,114147,114],{"class":66},[52,114149,81538],{"class":117},[52,114151,138],{"class":66},[52,114153,71],{"class":70},[52,114155,488],{"class":74},[52,114157,71],{"class":70},[52,114159,144],{"class":66},[52,114161,114162],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114163,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114165,114166,114168,114170,114172],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114167,135],{"class":134},[52,114169,138],{"class":66},[52,114171,3556],{"class":117},[52,114173,144],{"class":66},[52,114175,114176],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114177,114178],{"class":3105},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[38,114180,114182,897,114184],{"id":114181},"update-vs-add",[15,114183,14394],{},[15,114185,95635],{},[20,114187,114188],{},"The difference is simple:",[163,114190,114191,114195],{},[166,114192,114193,96232],{},[15,114194,95635],{},[166,114196,114197,96237],{},[15,114198,14394],{},[20,114200,45475,114201,202],{},[15,114202,95635],{},[43,114204,114206],{"className":45,"code":114205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114207,114208,114224,114242,114246,114256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114209,114210,114212,114214,114216,114218,114220,114222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114211,393],{"class":58},[52,114213,63],{"class":62},[52,114215,67],{"class":66},[52,114217,71],{"class":70},[52,114219,75],{"class":74},[52,114221,71],{"class":70},[52,114223,100],{"class":66},[52,114225,114226,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114227,426],{"class":58},[52,114229,114],{"class":66},[52,114231,81538],{"class":117},[52,114233,138],{"class":66},[52,114235,71],{"class":70},[52,114237,86],{"class":74},[52,114239,71],{"class":70},[52,114241,144],{"class":66},[52,114243,114244],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114245,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114247,114248,114250,114252,114254],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114249,135],{"class":134},[52,114251,138],{"class":66},[52,114253,426],{"class":117},[52,114255,144],{"class":66},[52,114257,114258],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114259,114260],{"class":3105},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114262,45475,114263,202],{},[15,114264,14394],{},[43,114266,114268],{"className":45,"code":114267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114269,114270,114286,114312,114316,114326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114271,114272,114274,114276,114278,114280,114282,114284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114273,393],{"class":58},[52,114275,63],{"class":62},[52,114277,67],{"class":66},[52,114279,71],{"class":70},[52,114281,75],{"class":74},[52,114283,71],{"class":70},[52,114285,100],{"class":66},[52,114287,114288,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298,114300,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114289,426],{"class":58},[52,114291,114],{"class":66},[52,114293,29894],{"class":117},[52,114295,2424],{"class":66},[52,114297,71],{"class":70},[52,114299,86],{"class":74},[52,114301,71],{"class":70},[52,114303,80],{"class":66},[52,114305,83],{"class":70},[52,114307,32652],{"class":74},[52,114309,71],{"class":70},[52,114311,3332],{"class":66},[52,114313,114314],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114315,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114317,114318,114320,114322,114324],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114319,135],{"class":134},[52,114321,138],{"class":66},[52,114323,426],{"class":117},[52,114325,144],{"class":66},[52,114327,114328],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114329,114330],{"class":3105},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114332,114333],{},"Important warning with strings:",[43,114335,114337],{"className":45,"code":114336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114338,114339,114355,114373,114377,114387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114340,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349,114351,114353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114342,393],{"class":58},[52,114344,63],{"class":62},[52,114346,67],{"class":66},[52,114348,71],{"class":70},[52,114350,75],{"class":74},[52,114352,71],{"class":70},[52,114354,100],{"class":66},[52,114356,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114358,426],{"class":58},[52,114360,114],{"class":66},[52,114362,29894],{"class":117},[52,114364,138],{"class":66},[52,114366,71],{"class":70},[52,114368,37774],{"class":74},[52,114370,71],{"class":70},[52,114372,144],{"class":66},[52,114374,114375],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114376,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114378,114379,114381,114383,114385],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114380,135],{"class":134},[52,114382,138],{"class":66},[52,114384,426],{"class":117},[52,114386,144],{"class":66},[52,114388,114389],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114390,114391],{"class":3105},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114393,61542,114394,61615,114397,6077],{},[15,114395,114396],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114398,95635],{},[38,114400,114402,897,114404],{"id":114401},"update-vs-union",[15,114403,14394],{},[15,114405,102225],{},[20,114407,114408],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[699,114410,114411],{"id":29894},[15,114412,14394],{},[163,114414,114415,114418],{},[166,114416,114417],{},"Changes the existing set",[166,114419,10865,114420],{},[15,114421,3220],{},[43,114423,114425],{"className":45,"code":114424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114426,114427,114443,114459,114463,114477,114487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114428,114429,114431,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114430,1993],{"class":58},[52,114432,63],{"class":62},[52,114434,67],{"class":66},[52,114436,948],{"class":947},[52,114438,80],{"class":66},[52,114440,953],{"class":947},[52,114442,100],{"class":66},[52,114444,114445,114447,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114446,2021],{"class":58},[52,114448,63],{"class":62},[52,114450,67],{"class":66},[52,114452,1047],{"class":947},[52,114454,80],{"class":66},[52,114456,958],{"class":947},[52,114458,100],{"class":66},[52,114460,114461],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114462,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114464,114465,114467,114469,114471,114473,114475],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114466,221],{"class":58},[52,114468,114],{"class":66},[52,114470,29894],{"class":117},[52,114472,138],{"class":66},[52,114474,4204],{"class":117},[52,114476,144],{"class":66},[52,114478,114479,114481,114483,114485],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114480,135],{"class":134},[52,114482,138],{"class":66},[52,114484,221],{"class":117},[52,114486,144],{"class":66},[52,114488,114489],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,114490,114018],{"class":3105},[699,114492,114493],{"id":110556},[15,114494,102225],{},[163,114496,114497,114499],{},[166,114498,100763],{},[166,114500,100766],{},[43,114502,114504],{"className":45,"code":114503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114505,114506,114522,114538,114542,114560,114570,114574,114584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114507,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114509,1993],{"class":58},[52,114511,63],{"class":62},[52,114513,67],{"class":66},[52,114515,948],{"class":947},[52,114517,80],{"class":66},[52,114519,953],{"class":947},[52,114521,100],{"class":66},[52,114523,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114525,2021],{"class":58},[52,114527,63],{"class":62},[52,114529,67],{"class":66},[52,114531,1047],{"class":947},[52,114533,80],{"class":66},[52,114535,958],{"class":947},[52,114537,100],{"class":66},[52,114539,114540],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114541,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114543,114544,114546,114548,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114545,82618],{"class":58},[52,114547,63],{"class":62},[52,114549,56323],{"class":58},[52,114551,114],{"class":66},[52,114553,110556],{"class":117},[52,114555,138],{"class":66},[52,114557,4204],{"class":117},[52,114559,144],{"class":66},[52,114561,114562,114564,114566,114568],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114563,135],{"class":134},[52,114565,138],{"class":66},[52,114567,9187],{"class":117},[52,114569,144],{"class":66},[52,114571,114572],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,114573,114018],{"class":3105},[52,114575,114576,114578,114580,114582],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,114577,135],{"class":134},[52,114579,138],{"class":66},[52,114581,221],{"class":117},[52,114583,144],{"class":66},[52,114585,114586],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,114587,114588],{"class":3105},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114590,107106,114591,114593,114594,114598],{},[15,114592,14394],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[221,114595,114596],{"href":102222},[15,114597,102225],{}," when you want a new set.",[38,114600,114602],{"id":114601},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114604,10192,114605,114],{},[15,114606,96742],{},[699,114608,114610],{"id":114609},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114612,114613],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[43,114615,114617],{"className":45,"code":114616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114618,114619,114635,114657,114661,114671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114620,114621,114623,114625,114627,114629,114631,114633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114622,15069],{"class":58},[52,114624,63],{"class":62},[52,114626,67],{"class":66},[52,114628,948],{"class":947},[52,114630,80],{"class":66},[52,114632,953],{"class":947},[52,114634,100],{"class":66},[52,114636,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114638,1668],{"class":58},[52,114640,63],{"class":62},[52,114642,1246],{"class":58},[52,114644,114],{"class":66},[52,114646,29894],{"class":117},[52,114648,2424],{"class":66},[52,114650,1500],{"class":947},[52,114652,80],{"class":66},[52,114654,1896],{"class":947},[52,114656,3332],{"class":66},[52,114658,114659],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114660,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114662,114663,114665,114667,114669],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114664,135],{"class":134},[52,114666,138],{"class":66},[52,114668,1703],{"class":117},[52,114670,144],{"class":66},[52,114672,114673],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114674,61267],{"class":3105},[20,114676,114677,114678,202],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114679,14394],{},[43,114681,114683],{"className":45,"code":114682,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114684,114685,114701,114719,114723,114733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114686,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695,114697,114699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114688,15069],{"class":58},[52,114690,63],{"class":62},[52,114692,67],{"class":66},[52,114694,948],{"class":947},[52,114696,80],{"class":66},[52,114698,953],{"class":947},[52,114700,100],{"class":66},[52,114702,114703,114705,114707,114709,114711,114713,114715,114717],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114704,238],{"class":58},[52,114706,114],{"class":66},[52,114708,29894],{"class":117},[52,114710,2424],{"class":66},[52,114712,1500],{"class":947},[52,114714,80],{"class":66},[52,114716,1896],{"class":947},[52,114718,3332],{"class":66},[52,114720,114721],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114722,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114724,114725,114727,114729,114731],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114726,135],{"class":134},[52,114728,138],{"class":66},[52,114730,238],{"class":117},[52,114732,144],{"class":66},[52,114734,114735],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114736,113317],{"class":3105},[699,114738,114740],{"id":114739},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114742,2275],{},[43,114744,114746],{"className":45,"code":114745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114747,114748,114764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114749,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114751,15069],{"class":58},[52,114753,63],{"class":62},[52,114755,67],{"class":66},[52,114757,948],{"class":947},[52,114759,80],{"class":66},[52,114761,953],{"class":947},[52,114763,100],{"class":66},[52,114765,114766,114768,114770,114772,114774,114776],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114767,238],{"class":58},[52,114769,114],{"class":66},[52,114771,29894],{"class":117},[52,114773,138],{"class":66},[52,114775,1131],{"class":947},[52,114777,144],{"class":66},[20,114779,61721,114780,8048,114782,114784],{},[15,114781,2443],{},[15,114783,1131],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114786,6000],{},[43,114788,114790],{"className":45,"code":114789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114791,114792,114808,114822,114826,114836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114793,114794,114796,114798,114800,114802,114804,114806],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114795,15069],{"class":58},[52,114797,63],{"class":62},[52,114799,67],{"class":66},[52,114801,948],{"class":947},[52,114803,80],{"class":66},[52,114805,953],{"class":947},[52,114807,100],{"class":66},[52,114809,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114811,238],{"class":58},[52,114813,114],{"class":66},[52,114815,29894],{"class":117},[52,114817,2424],{"class":66},[52,114819,1131],{"class":947},[52,114821,3332],{"class":66},[52,114823,114824],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114825,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114827,114828,114830,114832,114834],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114829,135],{"class":134},[52,114831,138],{"class":66},[52,114833,238],{"class":117},[52,114835,144],{"class":66},[52,114837,114838],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114839,114840],{"class":3105},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114842,45348,114843,114],{},[221,114844,25120,114845],{"href":52037},[15,114846,114847],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[699,114849,114851],{"id":114850},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114853,114854],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[43,114856,114858],{"className":45,"code":114857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114859,114860,114876,114902,114906,114916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114861,114862,114864,114866,114868,114870,114872,114874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114863,15069],{"class":58},[52,114865,63],{"class":62},[52,114867,67],{"class":66},[52,114869,948],{"class":947},[52,114871,80],{"class":66},[52,114873,953],{"class":947},[52,114875,100],{"class":66},[52,114877,114878,114880,114882,114884,114886,114888,114890,114892,114894,114896,114898,114900],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114879,238],{"class":58},[52,114881,114],{"class":66},[52,114883,29894],{"class":117},[52,114885,2424],{"class":66},[52,114887,1047],{"class":947},[52,114889,80],{"class":66},[52,114891,953],{"class":947},[52,114893,80],{"class":66},[52,114895,953],{"class":947},[52,114897,80],{"class":66},[52,114899,958],{"class":947},[52,114901,3332],{"class":66},[52,114903,114904],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114905,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114907,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114909,135],{"class":134},[52,114911,138],{"class":66},[52,114913,238],{"class":117},[52,114915,144],{"class":66},[52,114917,114918],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114919,114018],{"class":3105},[699,114921,114923,114924,1312,114926,114928],{"id":114922},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,114925,14394],{},[15,114927,95635],{}," is better",[20,114930,114931,114932,114934],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,114933,95635],{}," is usually the better choice.",[43,114936,114938],{"className":45,"code":114937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114939,114940,114956,114974,114978,114988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114941,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114943,15069],{"class":58},[52,114945,63],{"class":62},[52,114947,67],{"class":66},[52,114949,71],{"class":70},[52,114951,497],{"class":74},[52,114953,71],{"class":70},[52,114955,100],{"class":66},[52,114957,114958,114960,114962,114964,114966,114968,114970,114972],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,114959,238],{"class":58},[52,114961,114],{"class":66},[52,114963,81538],{"class":117},[52,114965,138],{"class":66},[52,114967,71],{"class":70},[52,114969,488],{"class":74},[52,114971,71],{"class":70},[52,114973,144],{"class":66},[52,114975,114976],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,114977,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,114979,114980,114982,114984,114986],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,114981,135],{"class":134},[52,114983,138],{"class":66},[52,114985,238],{"class":117},[52,114987,144],{"class":66},[52,114989,114990],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,114991,114178],{"class":3105},[38,114993,1273],{"id":1272},[699,114995,1277,114997,96721],{"id":114996},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,114998,96742],{},[20,115000,96724,115001,114],{},[15,115002,3220],{},[699,115004,27767,115005,31657],{"id":31654},[15,115006,14394],{},[20,115008,115009],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[699,115011,4624,115013,803,115015,1293],{"id":115012},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115014,95635],{},[15,115016,14394],{},[20,115018,115019,115021,115022,115024],{},[15,115020,95635],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115023,14394],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[699,115026,115028],{"id":115027},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115030,115031,115032,114027],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115033,14394],{},[699,115035,115037],{"id":115036},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115039,799,115040,1326,115042,114],{},[15,115041,102225],{},[15,115043,14394],{},[38,115045,1332],{"id":1331},[163,115047,115048,115055,115062,115068,115074],{},[166,115049,115050],{},[221,115051,115052],{"href":97926},[15,115053,115054],{},"Python set add() method",[166,115056,115057],{},[221,115058,115059],{"href":102222},[15,115060,115061],{},"Python set union() method",[166,115063,115064],{},[221,115065,115066],{"href":97310},[15,115067,96766],{},[166,115069,115070],{},[221,115071,115072],{"href":98503},[15,115073,99770],{},[166,115075,115076],{},[221,115077,115078,115080],{"href":52037},[15,115079,114847],{}," fix",[20,115082,115083,115084,115086,115087,115089],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115085,95640],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115088,107464],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1364,115091,115092],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":115094},[115095,115096,115098,115099,115100,115101,115102,115103,115105,115110,115117,115126],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":113325,"depth":103,"text":115097},"What set.update() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":21409,"depth":103,"text":21410},{"id":113711,"depth":103,"text":113712},{"id":113814,"depth":103,"text":113815},{"id":114021,"depth":103,"text":114022},{"id":114181,"depth":103,"text":115104},"update() vs add()",{"id":114401,"depth":103,"text":115106,"children":115107},"update() vs union()",[115108,115109],{"id":29894,"depth":124,"text":14394},{"id":110556,"depth":124,"text":102225},{"id":114601,"depth":103,"text":114602,"children":115111},[115112,115113,115114,115115],{"id":114609,"depth":124,"text":114610},{"id":114739,"depth":124,"text":114740},{"id":114850,"depth":124,"text":114851},{"id":114922,"depth":124,"text":115116},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":115118},[115119,115121,115122,115124,115125],{"id":114996,"depth":124,"text":115120},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31654,"depth":124,"text":31727},{"id":115012,"depth":124,"text":115123},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115027,"depth":124,"text":115028},{"id":115036,"depth":124,"text":115037},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113237,"description":115127},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115133,"title":115134,"body":115135,"description":116901,"extension":1401,"meta":116902,"navigation":127,"path":13229,"seo":116903,"stem":116904,"__hash__":116905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115136,"toc":116876},[115137,115140,115143,115146,115157,115165,115168,115170,115319,115331,115335,115352,115356,115364,115366,115377,115379,115476,115482,115485,115581,115590,115595,115599,115604,115606,115616,115618,115727,115735,115739,115742,115745,115762,115768,115848,115851,115855,115858,115862,115865,115924,115927,115931,115934,116026,116030,116033,116140,116144,116150,116178,116180,116262,116272,116276,116279,116290,116293,116378,116381,116386,116390,116393,116404,116407,116549,116552,116556,116559,116573,116576,116637,116643,116645,116648,116670,116673,116773,116776,116808,116810,116814,116817,116819,116822,116826,116829,116833,116836,116840,116843,116845,116873],[10,115138,115134],{"id":115139},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115141,115142],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115144,115145],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[163,115147,115148,115151,115154],{},[166,115149,115150],{},"a list inside another list",[166,115152,115153],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[166,115155,115156],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115158,99692,115159,803,115161,115164],{},[30,115160,12293],{},[30,115162,115163],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115166,115167],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[38,115169,41],{"id":40},[43,115171,115173],{"className":45,"code":115172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115174,115175,115182,115186,115212,115232,115252,115256,115274,115278,115291,115305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115176,115177,115179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115178,34523],{"class":731},[52,115180,115181],{"class":58}," copy\n",[52,115183,115184],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115185,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115187,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115189,11529],{"class":58},[52,115191,63],{"class":62},[52,115193,55729],{"class":66},[52,115195,948],{"class":947},[52,115197,80],{"class":66},[52,115199,953],{"class":947},[52,115201,17501],{"class":66},[52,115203,3063],{"class":66},[52,115205,1500],{"class":947},[52,115207,80],{"class":66},[52,115209,1896],{"class":947},[52,115211,52680],{"class":66},[52,115213,115214,115217,115219,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115215,115216],{"class":58},"shallow ",[52,115218,63],{"class":62},[52,115220,115221],{"class":58}," copy",[52,115223,114],{"class":66},[52,115225,12354],{"class":117},[52,115227,138],{"class":66},[52,115229,11576],{"class":117},[52,115231,144],{"class":66},[52,115233,115234,115237,115239,115241,115243,115246,115248,115250],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,115235,115236],{"class":58},"deep ",[52,115238,63],{"class":62},[52,115240,115221],{"class":58},[52,115242,114],{"class":66},[52,115244,115245],{"class":117},"deepcopy",[52,115247,138],{"class":66},[52,115249,11576],{"class":117},[52,115251,144],{"class":66},[52,115253,115254],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,115255,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115257,115258,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270,115272],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,115259,11576],{"class":58},[52,115261,3344],{"class":66},[52,115263,1558],{"class":947},[52,115265,12989],{"class":66},[52,115267,12992],{"class":117},[52,115269,138],{"class":66},[52,115271,55782],{"class":947},[52,115273,144],{"class":66},[52,115275,115276],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,115277,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115279,115280,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,115281,135],{"class":134},[52,115283,138],{"class":66},[52,115285,11576],{"class":117},[52,115287,3102],{"class":66},[52,115289,115290],{"class":3105},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115292,115293,115295,115297,115300,115302],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,115294,135],{"class":134},[52,115296,138],{"class":66},[52,115298,115299],{"class":117},"shallow",[52,115301,3102],{"class":66},[52,115303,115304],{"class":3105},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115306,115307,115309,115311,115314,115316],{"class":54,"line":11037},[52,115308,135],{"class":134},[52,115310,138],{"class":66},[52,115312,115313],{"class":117},"deep",[52,115315,3102],{"class":66},[52,115317,115318],{"class":3105},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115320,799,115321,115324,115325,803,115327,115330],{},[15,115322,115323],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,115326,12293],{},[15,115328,115329],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[38,115332,115334],{"id":115333},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[163,115336,115337,115340,115343,115346,115349],{},[166,115338,115339],{},"What a copy means in Python",[166,115341,115342],{},"How shallow copy works",[166,115344,115345],{},"How deep copy works",[166,115347,115348],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[166,115350,115351],{},"When to use each approach",[38,115353,115355],{"id":115354},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115357,14629,115358,115360,115361,115363],{},[30,115359,12293],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,115362,32],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115365,360],{},[163,115367,115368,115371,115374],{},[166,115369,115370],{},"the outer container is new",[166,115372,115373],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[166,115375,115376],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115378,267],{},[43,115380,115382],{"className":45,"code":115381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115383,115384,115410,115424,115428,115446,115450,115463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115385,115386,115388,115390,115392,115394,115396,115398,115400,115402,115404,115406,115408],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115387,11529],{"class":58},[52,115389,63],{"class":62},[52,115391,55729],{"class":66},[52,115393,948],{"class":947},[52,115395,80],{"class":66},[52,115397,953],{"class":947},[52,115399,17501],{"class":66},[52,115401,3063],{"class":66},[52,115403,1500],{"class":947},[52,115405,80],{"class":66},[52,115407,1896],{"class":947},[52,115409,52680],{"class":66},[52,115411,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420,115422],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115413,13751],{"class":58},[52,115415,63],{"class":62},[52,115417,11604],{"class":58},[52,115419,114],{"class":66},[52,115421,12354],{"class":117},[52,115423,121],{"class":66},[52,115425,115426],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115427,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115429,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438,115440,115442,115444],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115431,13770],{"class":58},[52,115433,114],{"class":66},[52,115435,12992],{"class":117},[52,115437,2424],{"class":66},[52,115439,1131],{"class":947},[52,115441,80],{"class":66},[52,115443,37076],{"class":947},[52,115445,3332],{"class":66},[52,115447,115448],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,115449,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115451,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,115453,135],{"class":134},[52,115455,138],{"class":66},[52,115457,11576],{"class":117},[52,115459,3102],{"class":66},[52,115461,115462],{"class":3105},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115464,115465,115467,115469,115471,115473],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,115466,135],{"class":134},[52,115468,138],{"class":66},[52,115470,13770],{"class":117},[52,115472,3102],{"class":66},[52,115474,115475],{"class":3105},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115477,115478,115479,115481],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115480,13770],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115483,115484],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[43,115486,115488],{"className":45,"code":115487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115489,115490,115516,115530,115534,115552,115556,115568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115491,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512,115514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115493,11529],{"class":58},[52,115495,63],{"class":62},[52,115497,55729],{"class":66},[52,115499,948],{"class":947},[52,115501,80],{"class":66},[52,115503,953],{"class":947},[52,115505,17501],{"class":66},[52,115507,3063],{"class":66},[52,115509,1500],{"class":947},[52,115511,80],{"class":66},[52,115513,1896],{"class":947},[52,115515,52680],{"class":66},[52,115517,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115519,13751],{"class":58},[52,115521,63],{"class":62},[52,115523,11604],{"class":58},[52,115525,114],{"class":66},[52,115527,12354],{"class":117},[52,115529,121],{"class":66},[52,115531,115532],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115533,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115535,115536,115538,115540,115542,115544,115546,115548,115550],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115537,13770],{"class":58},[52,115539,3344],{"class":66},[52,115541,1558],{"class":947},[52,115543,12989],{"class":66},[52,115545,12992],{"class":117},[52,115547,138],{"class":66},[52,115549,55782],{"class":947},[52,115551,144],{"class":66},[52,115553,115554],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,115555,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115557,115558,115560,115562,115564,115566],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,115559,135],{"class":134},[52,115561,138],{"class":66},[52,115563,11576],{"class":117},[52,115565,3102],{"class":66},[52,115567,115290],{"class":3105},[52,115569,115570,115572,115574,115576,115578],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,115571,135],{"class":134},[52,115573,138],{"class":66},[52,115575,13770],{"class":117},[52,115577,3102],{"class":66},[52,115579,115580],{"class":3105},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115582,115583,115584,803,115586,115589],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115585,55886],{},[15,115587,115588],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115591,115592,115593,114],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[221,115594,43371],{"href":11508},[38,115596,115598],{"id":115597},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115600,14629,115601,115603],{},[30,115602,115163],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115605,360],{},[163,115607,115608,115610,115613],{},[166,115609,115370],{},[166,115611,115612],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[166,115614,115615],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115617,267],{},[43,115619,115621],{"className":45,"code":115620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115622,115623,115629,115633,115659,115677,115681,115699,115703,115715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115624,115625,115627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115626,34523],{"class":731},[52,115628,115181],{"class":58},[52,115630,115631],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115632,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115634,115635,115637,115639,115641,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115636,11529],{"class":58},[52,115638,63],{"class":62},[52,115640,55729],{"class":66},[52,115642,948],{"class":947},[52,115644,80],{"class":66},[52,115646,953],{"class":947},[52,115648,17501],{"class":66},[52,115650,3063],{"class":66},[52,115652,1500],{"class":947},[52,115654,80],{"class":66},[52,115656,1896],{"class":947},[52,115658,52680],{"class":66},[52,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115662,13751],{"class":58},[52,115664,63],{"class":62},[52,115666,115221],{"class":58},[52,115668,114],{"class":66},[52,115670,115245],{"class":117},[52,115672,138],{"class":66},[52,115674,11576],{"class":117},[52,115676,144],{"class":66},[52,115678,115679],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,115680,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115682,115683,115685,115687,115689,115691,115693,115695,115697],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,115684,13770],{"class":58},[52,115686,3344],{"class":66},[52,115688,1558],{"class":947},[52,115690,12989],{"class":66},[52,115692,12992],{"class":117},[52,115694,138],{"class":66},[52,115696,55782],{"class":947},[52,115698,144],{"class":66},[52,115700,115701],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,115702,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115704,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,115706,135],{"class":134},[52,115708,138],{"class":66},[52,115710,11576],{"class":117},[52,115712,3102],{"class":66},[52,115714,115462],{"class":3105},[52,115716,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,115718,135],{"class":134},[52,115720,138],{"class":66},[52,115722,13770],{"class":117},[52,115724,3102],{"class":66},[52,115726,115580],{"class":3105},[20,115728,115729,115730,115732,115733,114],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115731,115588],{}," does not change ",[15,115734,55886],{},[38,115736,115738],{"id":115737},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115740,115741],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115743,115744],{},"Common reasons:",[163,115746,115747,115750,115753,115759],{},[166,115748,115749],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[166,115751,115752],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[166,115754,115755,115756,115758],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115757,63],{}," does not make a copy",[166,115760,115761],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115763,115764,115765,115767],{},"For example, this does ",[30,115766,32],{}," create a copy:",[43,115769,115771],{"className":45,"code":115770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115772,115773,115793,115801,115805,115819,115823,115835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115774,115775,115777,115779,115781,115783,115785,115787,115789,115791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115776,11529],{"class":58},[52,115778,63],{"class":62},[52,115780,3063],{"class":66},[52,115782,948],{"class":947},[52,115784,80],{"class":66},[52,115786,953],{"class":947},[52,115788,80],{"class":66},[52,115790,958],{"class":947},[52,115792,3076],{"class":66},[52,115794,115795,115797,115799],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115796,13751],{"class":58},[52,115798,63],{"class":62},[52,115800,11567],{"class":58},[52,115802,115803],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115804,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115806,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115808,13770],{"class":58},[52,115810,114],{"class":66},[52,115812,12992],{"class":117},[52,115814,138],{"class":66},[52,115816,1943],{"class":947},[52,115818,144],{"class":66},[52,115820,115821],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,115822,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115824,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,115826,135],{"class":134},[52,115828,138],{"class":66},[52,115830,11576],{"class":117},[52,115832,3102],{"class":66},[52,115834,55136],{"class":3105},[52,115836,115837,115839,115841,115843,115845],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,115838,135],{"class":134},[52,115840,138],{"class":66},[52,115842,13770],{"class":117},[52,115844,3102],{"class":66},[52,115846,115847],{"class":3105},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115849,115850],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[38,115852,115854],{"id":115853},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115856,115857],{},"These three ideas are different.",[699,115859,115861],{"id":115860},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115863,115864],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[43,115866,115868],{"className":45,"code":115867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115869,115870,115896,115904,115908],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115871,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890,115892,115894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115873,11529],{"class":58},[52,115875,63],{"class":62},[52,115877,55729],{"class":66},[52,115879,948],{"class":947},[52,115881,80],{"class":66},[52,115883,953],{"class":947},[52,115885,17501],{"class":66},[52,115887,3063],{"class":66},[52,115889,1500],{"class":947},[52,115891,80],{"class":66},[52,115893,1896],{"class":947},[52,115895,52680],{"class":66},[52,115897,115898,115900,115902],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115899,13542],{"class":58},[52,115901,63],{"class":62},[52,115903,11567],{"class":58},[52,115905,115906],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115907,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115909,115910,115912,115914,115916,115918,115920,115922],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115911,135],{"class":134},[52,115913,138],{"class":66},[52,115915,11529],{"class":117},[52,115917,11637],{"class":731},[52,115919,13610],{"class":117},[52,115921,3102],{"class":66},[52,115923,3106],{"class":3105},[20,115925,115926],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[699,115928,115930],{"id":115929},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,115932,115933],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[43,115935,115937],{"className":45,"code":115936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,115938,115939,115965,115979,115983,116000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115940,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959,115961,115963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115942,11529],{"class":58},[52,115944,63],{"class":62},[52,115946,55729],{"class":66},[52,115948,948],{"class":947},[52,115950,80],{"class":66},[52,115952,953],{"class":947},[52,115954,17501],{"class":66},[52,115956,3063],{"class":66},[52,115958,1500],{"class":947},[52,115960,80],{"class":66},[52,115962,1896],{"class":947},[52,115964,52680],{"class":66},[52,115966,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,115968,115216],{"class":58},[52,115970,63],{"class":62},[52,115972,11604],{"class":58},[52,115974,114],{"class":66},[52,115976,12354],{"class":117},[52,115978,121],{"class":66},[52,115980,115981],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,115982,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,115984,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115996,115998],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,115986,135],{"class":134},[52,115988,138],{"class":66},[52,115990,11529],{"class":117},[52,115992,11637],{"class":731},[52,115994,115995],{"class":117}," shallow",[52,115997,3102],{"class":66},[52,115999,20640],{"class":3105},[52,116001,116002,116004,116006,116008,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116003,135],{"class":134},[52,116005,138],{"class":66},[52,116007,11576],{"class":117},[52,116009,3344],{"class":66},[52,116011,1558],{"class":947},[52,116013,12712],{"class":66},[52,116015,7543],{"class":731},[52,116017,115995],{"class":117},[52,116019,3344],{"class":66},[52,116021,1558],{"class":947},[52,116023,19885],{"class":66},[52,116025,3106],{"class":3105},[699,116027,116029],{"id":116028},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116031,116032],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[43,116034,116036],{"className":45,"code":116035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116037,116038,116044,116048,116074,116092,116096,116114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116039,116040,116042],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116041,34523],{"class":731},[52,116043,115181],{"class":58},[52,116045,116046],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116047,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116049,116050,116052,116054,116056,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116068,116070,116072],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116051,11529],{"class":58},[52,116053,63],{"class":62},[52,116055,55729],{"class":66},[52,116057,948],{"class":947},[52,116059,80],{"class":66},[52,116061,953],{"class":947},[52,116063,17501],{"class":66},[52,116065,3063],{"class":66},[52,116067,1500],{"class":947},[52,116069,80],{"class":66},[52,116071,1896],{"class":947},[52,116073,52680],{"class":66},[52,116075,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116077,115236],{"class":58},[52,116079,63],{"class":62},[52,116081,115221],{"class":58},[52,116083,114],{"class":66},[52,116085,115245],{"class":117},[52,116087,138],{"class":66},[52,116089,11576],{"class":117},[52,116091,144],{"class":66},[52,116093,116094],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116095,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116097,116098,116100,116102,116104,116106,116109,116111],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,116099,135],{"class":134},[52,116101,138],{"class":66},[52,116103,11529],{"class":117},[52,116105,11637],{"class":731},[52,116107,116108],{"class":117}," deep",[52,116110,3102],{"class":66},[52,116112,116113],{"class":3105},"         # False\n",[52,116115,116116,116118,116120,116122,116124,116126,116128,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,116117,135],{"class":134},[52,116119,138],{"class":66},[52,116121,11576],{"class":117},[52,116123,3344],{"class":66},[52,116125,1558],{"class":947},[52,116127,12712],{"class":66},[52,116129,7543],{"class":731},[52,116131,116108],{"class":117},[52,116133,3344],{"class":66},[52,116135,1558],{"class":947},[52,116137,19885],{"class":66},[52,116139,43307],{"class":3105},[38,116141,116143],{"id":116142},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116145,116146,116147,202],{},"These all make ",[30,116148,116149],{},"shallow copies",[163,116151,116152,116156,116160,116165,116171],{},[166,116153,116154],{},[15,116155,55036],{},[166,116157,116158],{},[15,116159,11878],{},[166,116161,116162],{},[15,116163,116164],{},"set.copy()",[166,116166,116167,116168],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116169,116170],{},"my_list[:]",[166,116172,116173,116175,116176,34513],{},[15,116174,115323],{}," from the ",[15,116177,12354],{},[20,116179,1564],{},[43,116181,116183],{"className":45,"code":116182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116184,116185,116205,116209,116223,116234,116238,116250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116186,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116188,940],{"class":58},[52,116190,63],{"class":62},[52,116192,3063],{"class":66},[52,116194,948],{"class":947},[52,116196,80],{"class":66},[52,116198,953],{"class":947},[52,116200,80],{"class":66},[52,116202,958],{"class":947},[52,116204,3076],{"class":66},[52,116206,116207],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116208,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116210,116211,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116212,1993],{"class":58},[52,116214,63],{"class":62},[52,116216,970],{"class":58},[52,116218,114],{"class":66},[52,116220,12354],{"class":117},[52,116222,121],{"class":66},[52,116224,116225,116227,116229,116231],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116226,2021],{"class":58},[52,116228,63],{"class":62},[52,116230,970],{"class":58},[52,116232,116233],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[52,116235,116236],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116237,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116239,116240,116242,116244,116246,116248],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,116241,135],{"class":134},[52,116243,138],{"class":66},[52,116245,221],{"class":117},[52,116247,3102],{"class":66},[52,116249,54370],{"class":3105},[52,116251,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,116253,135],{"class":134},[52,116255,138],{"class":66},[52,116257,4204],{"class":117},[52,116259,3102],{"class":66},[52,116261,54370],{"class":3105},[20,116263,72572,116264,46969,116268,114],{},[221,116265,116266,1070],{"href":54398},[15,116267,55036],{},[221,116269,116270,1070],{"href":11875},[15,116271,11878],{},[38,116273,116275],{"id":116274},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116277,116278],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[163,116280,116281,116284,116287],{},[166,116282,116283],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[166,116285,116286],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[166,116288,116289],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116291,116292],{},"Example with a flat list:",[43,116294,116296],{"className":45,"code":116295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116297,116298,116318,116332,116336,116350,116354,116366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116299,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116301,11529],{"class":58},[52,116303,63],{"class":62},[52,116305,3063],{"class":66},[52,116307,948],{"class":947},[52,116309,80],{"class":66},[52,116311,953],{"class":947},[52,116313,80],{"class":66},[52,116315,958],{"class":947},[52,116317,3076],{"class":66},[52,116319,116320,116322,116324,116326,116328,116330],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116321,13751],{"class":58},[52,116323,63],{"class":62},[52,116325,11604],{"class":58},[52,116327,114],{"class":66},[52,116329,12354],{"class":117},[52,116331,121],{"class":66},[52,116333,116334],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116335,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116337,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116339,13770],{"class":58},[52,116341,114],{"class":66},[52,116343,12992],{"class":117},[52,116345,138],{"class":66},[52,116347,1943],{"class":947},[52,116349,144],{"class":66},[52,116351,116352],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116353,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116355,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,116357,135],{"class":134},[52,116359,138],{"class":66},[52,116361,11576],{"class":117},[52,116363,3102],{"class":66},[52,116365,54370],{"class":3105},[52,116367,116368,116370,116372,116374,116376],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,116369,135],{"class":134},[52,116371,138],{"class":66},[52,116373,13770],{"class":117},[52,116375,3102],{"class":66},[52,116377,115847],{"class":3105},[20,116379,116380],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116382,116383,116384,114],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[221,116385,14328],{"href":56655},[38,116387,116389],{"id":116388},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116391,116392],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[163,116394,116395,116398,116401],{},[166,116396,116397],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[166,116399,116400],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[166,116402,116403],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116405,116406],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[43,116408,116410],{"className":45,"code":116409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116411,116412,116418,116422,116448,116462,116480,116484,116506,116510,116523,116536],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116413,116414,116416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116415,34523],{"class":731},[52,116417,115181],{"class":58},[52,116419,116420],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116421,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116423,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440,116442,116444,116446],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116425,11529],{"class":58},[52,116427,63],{"class":62},[52,116429,67],{"class":66},[52,116431,71],{"class":70},[52,116433,15828],{"class":74},[52,116435,71],{"class":70},[52,116437,202],{"class":66},[52,116439,3063],{"class":66},[52,116441,1770],{"class":947},[52,116443,80],{"class":66},[52,116445,7237],{"class":947},[52,116447,13145],{"class":66},[52,116449,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116451,115216],{"class":58},[52,116453,63],{"class":62},[52,116455,11604],{"class":58},[52,116457,114],{"class":66},[52,116459,12354],{"class":117},[52,116461,121],{"class":66},[52,116463,116464,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116465,115236],{"class":58},[52,116467,63],{"class":62},[52,116469,115221],{"class":58},[52,116471,114],{"class":66},[52,116473,115245],{"class":117},[52,116475,138],{"class":66},[52,116477,11576],{"class":117},[52,116479,144],{"class":66},[52,116481,116482],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,116483,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116485,116486,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,116487,11576],{"class":58},[52,116489,3344],{"class":66},[52,116491,71],{"class":70},[52,116493,15828],{"class":74},[52,116495,71],{"class":70},[52,116497,12989],{"class":66},[52,116499,12992],{"class":117},[52,116501,138],{"class":66},[52,116503,36274],{"class":947},[52,116505,144],{"class":66},[52,116507,116508],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,116509,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116511,116512,116514,116516,116518,116520],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,116513,135],{"class":134},[52,116515,138],{"class":66},[52,116517,11576],{"class":117},[52,116519,3102],{"class":66},[52,116521,116522],{"class":3105},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,116524,116525,116527,116529,116531,116533],{"class":54,"line":5882},[52,116526,135],{"class":134},[52,116528,138],{"class":66},[52,116530,115299],{"class":117},[52,116532,3102],{"class":66},[52,116534,116535],{"class":3105},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,116537,116538,116540,116542,116544,116546],{"class":54,"line":11037},[52,116539,135],{"class":134},[52,116541,138],{"class":66},[52,116543,115313],{"class":117},[52,116545,3102],{"class":66},[52,116547,116548],{"class":3105},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116550,116551],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[38,116553,116555],{"id":116554},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116557,116558],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[163,116560,116561,116564,116567,116570],{},[166,116562,116563],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[166,116565,116566],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[166,116568,116569],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[166,116571,116572],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116574,116575],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[43,116577,116579],{"className":45,"code":116578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116580,116581,116589,116597,116601,116609,116613,116625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116582,116583,116585,116587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116584,1993],{"class":58},[52,116586,63],{"class":62},[52,116588,2026],{"class":947},[52,116590,116591,116593,116595],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116592,2021],{"class":58},[52,116594,63],{"class":62},[52,116596,35609],{"class":58},[52,116598,116599],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116600,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116602,116603,116605,116607],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116604,2021],{"class":58},[52,116606,63],{"class":62},[52,116608,14054],{"class":947},[52,116610,116611],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116612,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116614,116615,116617,116619,116621,116623],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,116616,135],{"class":134},[52,116618,138],{"class":66},[52,116620,221],{"class":117},[52,116622,3102],{"class":66},[52,116624,26234],{"class":3105},[52,116626,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,116628,135],{"class":134},[52,116630,138],{"class":66},[52,116632,4204],{"class":117},[52,116634,3102],{"class":66},[52,116636,27054],{"class":3105},[20,116638,92941,116639,116642],{},[221,116640,116641],{"href":11508},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[38,116644,1158],{"id":1157},[20,116646,116647],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[163,116649,116650,116654,116659,116664,116667],{},[166,116651,1185,116652,56219],{},[15,116653,63],{},[166,116655,1185,116656,116658],{},[15,116657,55036],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[166,116660,1185,116661,116663],{},[15,116662,11878],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[166,116665,116666],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[166,116668,116669],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116671,116672],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[43,116674,116676],{"className":45,"code":116675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116677,116678,116692,116706,116728,116759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116679,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688,116690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116681,135],{"class":134},[52,116683,138],{"class":66},[52,116685,11529],{"class":117},[52,116687,11637],{"class":731},[52,116689,13824],{"class":117},[52,116691,144],{"class":66},[52,116693,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116695,135],{"class":134},[52,116697,138],{"class":66},[52,116699,11529],{"class":117},[52,116701,4131],{"class":62},[52,116703,13824],{"class":117},[52,116705,144],{"class":66},[52,116707,116708,116710,116712,116714,116716,116718,116720,116722,116724,116726],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116709,135],{"class":134},[52,116711,138],{"class":66},[52,116713,12093],{"class":134},[52,116715,138],{"class":66},[52,116717,11576],{"class":117},[52,116719,8681],{"class":66},[52,116721,14256],{"class":134},[52,116723,138],{"class":66},[52,116725,13770],{"class":117},[52,116727,1222],{"class":66},[52,116729,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116747,116749,116751,116753,116755,116757],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116731,135],{"class":134},[52,116733,138],{"class":66},[52,116735,12093],{"class":134},[52,116737,138],{"class":66},[52,116739,11576],{"class":117},[52,116741,3344],{"class":66},[52,116743,1558],{"class":947},[52,116745,116746],{"class":66},"]),",[52,116748,14256],{"class":134},[52,116750,138],{"class":66},[52,116752,13770],{"class":117},[52,116754,3344],{"class":66},[52,116756,1558],{"class":947},[52,116758,2437],{"class":66},[52,116760,116761,116763,116765,116767,116769,116771],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116762,135],{"class":134},[52,116764,138],{"class":66},[52,116766,1231],{"class":600},[52,116768,138],{"class":66},[52,116770,11576],{"class":117},[52,116772,1222],{"class":66},[20,116774,116775],{},"What they tell you:",[163,116777,116778,116783,116788,116793,116803],{},[166,116779,116780,116782],{},[15,116781,11637],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[166,116784,116785,116787],{},[15,116786,4131],{}," checks whether values are equal",[166,116789,116790,116792],{},[15,116791,42923],{}," shows the identity of an object",[166,116794,116795,116796,803,116799,116802],{},"comparing ",[15,116797,116798],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116800,116801],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[166,116804,116805,116807],{},[15,116806,1741],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[38,116809,1273],{"id":1272},[699,116811,116813],{"id":116812},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116815,116816],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[699,116818,56705],{"id":56620},[20,116820,116821],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[699,116823,116825],{"id":116824},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116827,116828],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[699,116830,116832],{"id":116831},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116834,116835],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[699,116837,116839],{"id":116838},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116841,116842],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[38,116844,1332],{"id":1331},[163,116846,116847,116852,116858,116864,116868],{},[166,116848,116849],{},[221,116850,116851],{"href":11508},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[166,116853,116854],{},[221,116855,3015,116856,1070],{"href":54398},[15,116857,55036],{},[166,116859,116860],{},[221,116861,3015,116862,1070],{"href":11875},[15,116863,11878],{},[166,116865,116866],{},[221,116867,14405],{"href":56655},[166,116869,116870],{},[221,116871,116872],{"href":57929},"What is a list in Python?",[1364,116874,116875],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":116877},[116878,116879,116880,116881,116882,116883,116888,116889,116890,116891,116892,116893,116900],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":115333,"depth":103,"text":115334},{"id":115354,"depth":103,"text":115355},{"id":115597,"depth":103,"text":115598},{"id":115737,"depth":103,"text":115738},{"id":115853,"depth":103,"text":115854,"children":116884},[116885,116886,116887],{"id":115860,"depth":124,"text":115861},{"id":115929,"depth":124,"text":115930},{"id":116028,"depth":124,"text":116029},{"id":116142,"depth":103,"text":116143},{"id":116274,"depth":103,"text":116275},{"id":116388,"depth":103,"text":116389},{"id":116554,"depth":103,"text":116555},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":116894},[116895,116896,116897,116898,116899],{"id":116812,"depth":124,"text":116813},{"id":56620,"depth":124,"text":56705},{"id":116824,"depth":124,"text":116825},{"id":116831,"depth":124,"text":116832},{"id":116838,"depth":124,"text":116839},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115134,"description":116901},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116907,"title":116908,"body":116909,"description":118766,"extension":1401,"meta":118767,"navigation":127,"path":118768,"seo":118769,"stem":118770,"__hash__":118771},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116910,"toc":118724},[116911,116916,116921,116929,116931,116999,117004,117009,117024,117027,117029,117060,117062,117082,117085,117100,117102,117105,117178,117180,117225,117227,117238,117243,117247,117252,117255,117294,117296,117316,117319,117376,117378,117413,117416,117455,117457,117477,117480,117511,117513,117569,117571,117576,117647,117649,117682,117687,117692,117757,117759,117796,117799,117876,117878,117938,117945,117950,117953,117956,118037,118039,118080,118085,118088,118166,118168,118201,118210,118217,118220,118231,118234,118245,118249,118257,118266,118270,118275,118279,118284,118327,118330,118336,118339,118341,118388,118393,118397,118400,118449,118451,118472,118475,118477,118502,118505,118626,118631,118633,118638,118641,118646,118649,118657,118662,118669,118672,118680,118683,118685,118721],[10,116912,3015,116914,3019],{"id":116913},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,116915,73856],{},[20,116917,116918,116920],{},[15,116919,73856],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,116922,116923,116924,1627,116926,116928],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,116925,77299],{},[15,116927,73856],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[38,116930,3049],{"id":3048},[43,116932,116934],{"className":45,"code":116933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,116935,116936,116956,116970,116974,116986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116937,116938,116940,116942,116944,116946,116948,116950,116952,116954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116939,940],{"class":58},[52,116941,63],{"class":62},[52,116943,3063],{"class":66},[52,116945,1500],{"class":947},[52,116947,80],{"class":66},[52,116949,4944],{"class":947},[52,116951,80],{"class":66},[52,116953,953],{"class":947},[52,116955,3076],{"class":66},[52,116957,116958,116960,116962,116964,116966,116968],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,116959,1668],{"class":58},[52,116961,63],{"class":62},[52,116963,73990],{"class":134},[52,116965,138],{"class":66},[52,116967,1037],{"class":117},[52,116969,144],{"class":66},[52,116971,116972],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,116973,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,116975,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,116977,135],{"class":134},[52,116979,138],{"class":66},[52,116981,1703],{"class":117},[52,116983,3102],{"class":66},[52,116985,55123],{"class":3105},[52,116987,116988,116990,116992,116994,116996],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,116989,135],{"class":134},[52,116991,138],{"class":66},[52,116993,1037],{"class":117},[52,116995,3102],{"class":66},[52,116997,116998],{"class":3105},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117000,117001,117003],{},[15,117002,73856],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[38,117005,194,117007,197],{"id":117006},"what-sorted-does",[15,117008,73856],{},[163,117010,117011,117015,117018,117021],{},[166,117012,117013,62361],{},[15,117014,73856],{},[166,117016,117017],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[166,117019,117020],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[166,117022,117023],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117025,117026],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[38,117028,228],{"id":227},[43,117030,117032],{"className":45,"code":117031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117033,117034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117035,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050,117052,117054,117056,117058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117037,73946],{"class":134},[52,117039,138],{"class":66},[52,117041,3162],{"class":117},[52,117043,80],{"class":66},[52,117045,21019],{"class":8623},[52,117047,63],{"class":62},[52,117049,3220],{"class":3295},[52,117051,80],{"class":66},[52,117053,77502],{"class":8623},[52,117055,63],{"class":62},[52,117057,3116],{"class":3295},[52,117059,144],{"class":66},[699,117061,16835],{"id":16834},[163,117063,117064,117069,117074],{},[166,117065,117066,117068],{},[15,117067,3162],{},": the values to sort",[166,117070,117071,117073],{},[15,117072,14281],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[166,117075,117076,117078,117079,117081],{},[15,117077,73009],{},": set to ",[15,117080,3044],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117083,117084],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[43,117086,117088],{"className":45,"code":117087,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117089,117090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117091,117092,117094,117096,117098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117093,73946],{"class":134},[52,117095,138],{"class":66},[52,117097,59743],{"class":117},[52,117099,144],{"class":66},[38,117101,10917],{"id":10916},[20,117103,117104],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[43,117106,117108],{"className":45,"code":117107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117109,117110,117134,117138,117153,117157,117168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117111,117112,117114,117116,117118,117120,117122,117124,117126,117128,117130,117132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117113,940],{"class":58},[52,117115,63],{"class":62},[52,117117,3063],{"class":66},[52,117119,1131],{"class":947},[52,117121,80],{"class":66},[52,117123,953],{"class":947},[52,117125,80],{"class":66},[52,117127,5806],{"class":947},[52,117129,80],{"class":66},[52,117131,4944],{"class":947},[52,117133,3076],{"class":66},[52,117135,117136],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117137,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,117139,117140,117143,117145,117147,117149,117151],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,117141,117142],{"class":58},"sorted_numbers ",[52,117144,63],{"class":62},[52,117146,73990],{"class":134},[52,117148,138],{"class":66},[52,117150,1037],{"class":117},[52,117152,144],{"class":66},[52,117154,117155],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117156,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,117158,117159,117161,117163,117166],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,117160,135],{"class":134},[52,117162,138],{"class":66},[52,117164,117165],{"class":117},"sorted_numbers",[52,117167,144],{"class":66},[52,117169,117170,117172,117174,117176],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,117171,135],{"class":134},[52,117173,138],{"class":66},[52,117175,1037],{"class":117},[52,117177,144],{"class":66},[20,117179,1509],{},[43,117181,117183],{"className":45,"code":117182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117184,117185,117205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117186,117187,117189,117191,117193,117195,117197,117199,117201,117203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117188,3344],{"class":66},[52,117190,948],{"class":947},[52,117192,80],{"class":66},[52,117194,953],{"class":947},[52,117196,80],{"class":66},[52,117198,4048],{"class":947},[52,117200,80],{"class":66},[52,117202,5806],{"class":947},[52,117204,3076],{"class":66},[52,117206,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117208,3344],{"class":66},[52,117210,1131],{"class":947},[52,117212,80],{"class":66},[52,117214,953],{"class":947},[52,117216,80],{"class":66},[52,117218,5806],{"class":947},[52,117220,80],{"class":66},[52,117222,4944],{"class":947},[52,117224,3076],{"class":66},[20,117226,13202],{},[163,117228,117229,117234],{},[166,117230,117231,117233],{},[15,117232,117165],{}," is a new sorted list",[166,117235,117236,111770],{},[15,117237,1037],{},[20,117239,117240,117241,114],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[221,117242,77809],{"href":77808},[38,117244,117246],{"id":117245},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117248,117249,117251],{},[15,117250,73856],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[699,117253,117254],{"id":7540},"List",[43,117256,117258],{"className":45,"code":117257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117259,117260,117280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117263,940],{"class":58},[52,117265,63],{"class":62},[52,117267,3063],{"class":66},[52,117269,1500],{"class":947},[52,117271,80],{"class":66},[52,117273,4944],{"class":947},[52,117275,80],{"class":66},[52,117277,953],{"class":947},[52,117279,3076],{"class":66},[52,117281,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117283,135],{"class":134},[52,117285,138],{"class":66},[52,117287,73946],{"class":134},[52,117289,138],{"class":66},[52,117291,1037],{"class":117},[52,117293,1222],{"class":66},[20,117295,1509],{},[43,117297,117298],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,117299,117300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117301,117302,117304,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117303,3344],{"class":66},[52,117305,948],{"class":947},[52,117307,80],{"class":66},[52,117309,953],{"class":947},[52,117311,80],{"class":66},[52,117313,958],{"class":947},[52,117315,3076],{"class":66},[699,117317,117318],{"id":48389},"Tuple",[43,117320,117322],{"className":45,"code":117321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117323,117324,117344,117358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117325,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334,117336,117338,117340,117342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117327,3265],{"class":58},[52,117329,63],{"class":62},[52,117331,8684],{"class":66},[52,117333,1500],{"class":947},[52,117335,80],{"class":66},[52,117337,4944],{"class":947},[52,117339,80],{"class":66},[52,117341,953],{"class":947},[52,117343,144],{"class":66},[52,117345,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117347,135],{"class":134},[52,117349,138],{"class":66},[52,117351,73946],{"class":134},[52,117353,138],{"class":66},[52,117355,4804],{"class":117},[52,117357,1222],{"class":66},[52,117359,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,117361,135],{"class":134},[52,117363,138],{"class":66},[52,117365,1231],{"class":600},[52,117367,138],{"class":66},[52,117369,73946],{"class":134},[52,117371,138],{"class":66},[52,117373,4804],{"class":117},[52,117375,2350],{"class":66},[20,117377,1509],{},[43,117379,117381],{"className":45,"code":117380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117382,117383,117399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117384,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117386,3344],{"class":66},[52,117388,948],{"class":947},[52,117390,80],{"class":66},[52,117392,953],{"class":947},[52,117394,80],{"class":66},[52,117396,958],{"class":947},[52,117398,3076],{"class":66},[52,117400,117401,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117402,2729],{"class":62},[52,117404,2732],{"class":1503},[52,117406,617],{"class":70},[52,117408,7540],{"class":74},[52,117410,608],{"class":70},[52,117412,2741],{"class":62},[699,117414,117415],{"id":601},"Set",[43,117417,117419],{"className":45,"code":117418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117420,117421,117441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437,117439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117424,3265],{"class":58},[52,117426,63],{"class":62},[52,117428,67],{"class":66},[52,117430,1500],{"class":947},[52,117432,80],{"class":66},[52,117434,4944],{"class":947},[52,117436,80],{"class":66},[52,117438,953],{"class":947},[52,117440,100],{"class":66},[52,117442,117443,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117444,135],{"class":134},[52,117446,138],{"class":66},[52,117448,73946],{"class":134},[52,117450,138],{"class":66},[52,117452,4804],{"class":117},[52,117454,1222],{"class":66},[20,117456,1509],{},[43,117458,117459],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,117460,117461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117462,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117464,3344],{"class":66},[52,117466,948],{"class":947},[52,117468,80],{"class":66},[52,117470,953],{"class":947},[52,117472,80],{"class":66},[52,117474,958],{"class":947},[52,117476,3076],{"class":66},[699,117478,117479],{"id":60610},"String",[43,117481,117483],{"className":45,"code":117482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117484,117485,117497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117486,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117488,34120],{"class":58},[52,117490,63],{"class":62},[52,117492,83],{"class":70},[52,117494,47],{"class":74},[52,117496,2797],{"class":70},[52,117498,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117500,135],{"class":134},[52,117502,138],{"class":66},[52,117504,73946],{"class":134},[52,117506,138],{"class":66},[52,117508,34141],{"class":117},[52,117510,1222],{"class":66},[20,117512,1509],{},[43,117514,117515],{"className":45,"code":78826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,117516,117517],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117518,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117529,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117520,3344],{"class":66},[52,117522,608],{"class":70},[52,117524,59874],{"class":74},[52,117526,608],{"class":70},[52,117528,80],{"class":66},[52,117530,617],{"class":70},[52,117532,75462],{"class":74},[52,117534,608],{"class":70},[52,117536,80],{"class":66},[52,117538,617],{"class":70},[52,117540,59909],{"class":74},[52,117542,608],{"class":70},[52,117544,80],{"class":66},[52,117546,617],{"class":70},[52,117548,20],{"class":74},[52,117550,608],{"class":70},[52,117552,80],{"class":66},[52,117554,617],{"class":70},[52,117556,62722],{"class":74},[52,117558,608],{"class":70},[52,117560,80],{"class":66},[52,117562,617],{"class":70},[52,117564,11188],{"class":74},[52,117566,608],{"class":70},[52,117568,3076],{"class":66},[699,117570,28658],{"id":15045},[20,117572,62975,117573,117575],{},[15,117574,73856],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[43,117577,117579],{"className":45,"code":117578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117580,117581,117633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117582,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619,117621,117623,117625,117627,117629,117631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117584,12643],{"class":58},[52,117586,63],{"class":62},[52,117588,67],{"class":66},[52,117590,71],{"class":70},[52,117592,7115],{"class":74},[52,117594,71],{"class":70},[52,117596,202],{"class":66},[52,117598,83],{"class":70},[52,117600,12323],{"class":74},[52,117602,71],{"class":70},[52,117604,80],{"class":66},[52,117606,83],{"class":70},[52,117608,8747],{"class":74},[52,117610,71],{"class":70},[52,117612,202],{"class":66},[52,117614,7237],{"class":947},[52,117616,80],{"class":66},[52,117618,83],{"class":70},[52,117620,9857],{"class":74},[52,117622,71],{"class":70},[52,117624,202],{"class":66},[52,117626,83],{"class":70},[52,117628,15470],{"class":74},[52,117630,71],{"class":70},[52,117632,100],{"class":66},[52,117634,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117636,135],{"class":134},[52,117638,138],{"class":66},[52,117640,73946],{"class":134},[52,117642,138],{"class":66},[52,117644,16747],{"class":117},[52,117646,1222],{"class":66},[20,117648,1509],{},[43,117650,117652],{"className":45,"code":117651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117653,117654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117655,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117657,3344],{"class":66},[52,117659,608],{"class":70},[52,117661,8747],{"class":74},[52,117663,608],{"class":70},[52,117665,80],{"class":66},[52,117667,617],{"class":70},[52,117669,9857],{"class":74},[52,117671,608],{"class":70},[52,117673,80],{"class":66},[52,117675,617],{"class":70},[52,117677,7115],{"class":74},[52,117679,608],{"class":70},[52,117681,3076],{"class":66},[38,117683,1185,117685],{"id":117684},"using-reversetrue",[15,117686,77523],{},[20,117688,799,117689,117691],{},[15,117690,77523],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[43,117693,117695],{"className":45,"code":117694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117696,117697,117717,117721,117735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117698,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117700,940],{"class":58},[52,117702,63],{"class":62},[52,117704,3063],{"class":66},[52,117706,1500],{"class":947},[52,117708,80],{"class":66},[52,117710,4944],{"class":947},[52,117712,80],{"class":66},[52,117714,953],{"class":947},[52,117716,3076],{"class":66},[52,117718,117719],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117720,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,117722,117723,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,117724,135],{"class":134},[52,117726,138],{"class":66},[52,117728,73946],{"class":134},[52,117730,138],{"class":66},[52,117732,1037],{"class":117},[52,117734,1222],{"class":66},[52,117736,117737,117739,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117738,135],{"class":134},[52,117740,138],{"class":66},[52,117742,73946],{"class":134},[52,117744,138],{"class":66},[52,117746,1037],{"class":117},[52,117748,80],{"class":66},[52,117750,77502],{"class":8623},[52,117752,63],{"class":62},[52,117754,3044],{"class":3295},[52,117756,1222],{"class":66},[20,117758,1509],{},[43,117760,117762],{"className":45,"code":117761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117763,117764,117780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117767,3344],{"class":66},[52,117769,948],{"class":947},[52,117771,80],{"class":66},[52,117773,953],{"class":947},[52,117775,80],{"class":66},[52,117777,958],{"class":947},[52,117779,3076],{"class":66},[52,117781,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117783,3344],{"class":66},[52,117785,1500],{"class":947},[52,117787,80],{"class":66},[52,117789,953],{"class":947},[52,117791,80],{"class":66},[52,117793,4944],{"class":947},[52,117795,3076],{"class":66},[20,117797,117798],{},"This also works with strings:",[43,117800,117802],{"className":45,"code":117801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117803,117804,117836,117840,117854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117805,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117807,3515],{"class":58},[52,117809,63],{"class":62},[52,117811,3063],{"class":66},[52,117813,71],{"class":70},[52,117815,75],{"class":74},[52,117817,71],{"class":70},[52,117819,80],{"class":66},[52,117821,83],{"class":70},[52,117823,86],{"class":74},[52,117825,71],{"class":70},[52,117827,80],{"class":66},[52,117829,83],{"class":70},[52,117831,95],{"class":74},[52,117833,71],{"class":70},[52,117835,3076],{"class":66},[52,117837,117838],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117839,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,117841,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,117843,135],{"class":134},[52,117845,138],{"class":66},[52,117847,73946],{"class":134},[52,117849,138],{"class":66},[52,117851,3556],{"class":117},[52,117853,1222],{"class":66},[52,117855,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872,117874],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,117857,135],{"class":134},[52,117859,138],{"class":66},[52,117861,73946],{"class":134},[52,117863,138],{"class":66},[52,117865,3556],{"class":117},[52,117867,80],{"class":66},[52,117869,77502],{"class":8623},[52,117871,63],{"class":62},[52,117873,3044],{"class":3295},[52,117875,1222],{"class":66},[20,117877,1509],{},[43,117879,117880],{"className":45,"code":73590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,117881,117882,117910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117883,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117885,3344],{"class":66},[52,117887,608],{"class":70},[52,117889,75],{"class":74},[52,117891,608],{"class":70},[52,117893,80],{"class":66},[52,117895,617],{"class":70},[52,117897,86],{"class":74},[52,117899,608],{"class":70},[52,117901,80],{"class":66},[52,117903,617],{"class":70},[52,117905,95],{"class":74},[52,117907,608],{"class":70},[52,117909,3076],{"class":66},[52,117911,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,117913,3344],{"class":66},[52,117915,608],{"class":70},[52,117917,95],{"class":74},[52,117919,608],{"class":70},[52,117921,80],{"class":66},[52,117923,617],{"class":70},[52,117925,86],{"class":74},[52,117927,608],{"class":70},[52,117929,80],{"class":66},[52,117931,617],{"class":70},[52,117933,75],{"class":74},[52,117935,608],{"class":70},[52,117937,3076],{"class":66},[38,117939,1185,117941,117944],{"id":117940},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,117942,117943],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,117946,1418,117947,117949],{},[15,117948,117943],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,117951,117952],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,117954,117955],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[43,117957,117959],{"className":45,"code":117958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,117960,117961,118001,118005,118027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117962,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985,117987,117989,117991,117993,117995,117997,117999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117964,3515],{"class":58},[52,117966,63],{"class":62},[52,117968,3063],{"class":66},[52,117970,71],{"class":70},[52,117972,78176],{"class":74},[52,117974,71],{"class":70},[52,117976,80],{"class":66},[52,117978,83],{"class":70},[52,117980,37791],{"class":74},[52,117982,71],{"class":70},[52,117984,80],{"class":66},[52,117986,83],{"class":70},[52,117988,86],{"class":74},[52,117990,71],{"class":70},[52,117992,80],{"class":66},[52,117994,83],{"class":70},[52,117996,37774],{"class":74},[52,117998,71],{"class":70},[52,118000,3076],{"class":66},[52,118002,118003],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118004,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,118006,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017,118019,118021,118023,118025],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,118008,1668],{"class":58},[52,118010,63],{"class":62},[52,118012,73990],{"class":134},[52,118014,138],{"class":66},[52,118016,3556],{"class":117},[52,118018,80],{"class":66},[52,118020,21019],{"class":8623},[52,118022,63],{"class":62},[52,118024,1215],{"class":134},[52,118026,144],{"class":66},[52,118028,118029,118031,118033,118035],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118030,135],{"class":134},[52,118032,138],{"class":66},[52,118034,1703],{"class":117},[52,118036,144],{"class":66},[20,118038,1509],{},[43,118040,118042],{"className":45,"code":118041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118043,118044],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118045,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060,118062,118064,118066,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118047,3344],{"class":66},[52,118049,608],{"class":70},[52,118051,37791],{"class":74},[52,118053,608],{"class":70},[52,118055,80],{"class":66},[52,118057,617],{"class":70},[52,118059,78176],{"class":74},[52,118061,608],{"class":70},[52,118063,80],{"class":66},[52,118065,617],{"class":70},[52,118067,37774],{"class":74},[52,118069,608],{"class":70},[52,118071,80],{"class":66},[52,118073,617],{"class":70},[52,118075,86],{"class":74},[52,118077,608],{"class":70},[52,118079,3076],{"class":66},[20,118081,20210,118082,118084],{},[15,118083,1215],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118086,118087],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[43,118089,118091],{"className":45,"code":118090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118092,118093,118126,118130,118156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118094,118095,118097,118099,118101,118103,118105,118107,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118122,118124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118096,3515],{"class":58},[52,118098,63],{"class":62},[52,118100,3063],{"class":66},[52,118102,71],{"class":70},[52,118104,82795],{"class":74},[52,118106,71],{"class":70},[52,118108,80],{"class":66},[52,118110,83],{"class":70},[52,118112,75],{"class":74},[52,118114,71],{"class":70},[52,118116,80],{"class":66},[52,118118,83],{"class":70},[52,118120,118121],{"class":74},"Cherry",[52,118123,71],{"class":70},[52,118125,3076],{"class":66},[52,118127,118128],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118129,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,118131,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,118133,1668],{"class":58},[52,118135,63],{"class":62},[52,118137,73990],{"class":134},[52,118139,138],{"class":66},[52,118141,3556],{"class":117},[52,118143,80],{"class":66},[52,118145,21019],{"class":8623},[52,118147,63],{"class":62},[52,118149,2882],{"class":600},[52,118151,114],{"class":66},[52,118153,8087],{"class":24190},[52,118155,144],{"class":66},[52,118157,118158,118160,118162,118164],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118159,135],{"class":134},[52,118161,138],{"class":66},[52,118163,1703],{"class":117},[52,118165,144],{"class":66},[20,118167,1509],{},[43,118169,118171],{"className":45,"code":118170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118172,118173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118174,118175,118177,118179,118181,118183,118185,118187,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118176,3344],{"class":66},[52,118178,608],{"class":70},[52,118180,75],{"class":74},[52,118182,608],{"class":70},[52,118184,80],{"class":66},[52,118186,617],{"class":70},[52,118188,82795],{"class":74},[52,118190,608],{"class":70},[52,118192,80],{"class":66},[52,118194,617],{"class":70},[52,118196,118121],{"class":74},[52,118198,608],{"class":70},[52,118200,3076],{"class":66},[20,118202,118203,118204,34762,118206,114],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118205,41795],{},[221,118207,3015,118208,2948],{"href":41792},[15,118209,41795],{},[38,118211,118213,897,118215],{"id":118212},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118214,73856],{},[15,118216,77299],{},[20,118218,118219],{},"The main difference is this:",[163,118221,118222,118227],{},[166,118223,118224,118226],{},[15,118225,73856],{}," returns a new list",[166,118228,118229,73394],{},[15,118230,77299],{},[20,118232,118233],{},"Also:",[163,118235,118236,118241],{},[166,118237,118238,118240],{},[15,118239,73856],{}," works with many iterables",[166,118242,118243,78732],{},[15,118244,77299],{},[20,118246,799,118247,916],{},[15,118248,73856],{},[163,118250,118251,118254],{},[166,118252,118253],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[166,118255,118256],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118258,118259,118260,114],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[221,118261,3015,118262,897,118264,5230],{"href":78557},[15,118263,73856],{},[15,118265,77299],{},[38,118267,118269],{"id":118268},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118271,118272,118273,114],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118274,73856],{},[699,118276,118278],{"id":118277},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118280,118281,118282,202],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118283,2443],{},[43,118285,118287],{"className":45,"code":118286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118288,118289,118313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118290,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118292,3265],{"class":58},[52,118294,63],{"class":62},[52,118296,3063],{"class":66},[52,118298,948],{"class":947},[52,118300,80],{"class":66},[52,118302,83],{"class":70},[52,118304,1047],{"class":74},[52,118306,71],{"class":70},[52,118308,80],{"class":66},[52,118310,958],{"class":947},[52,118312,3076],{"class":66},[52,118314,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118316,135],{"class":134},[52,118318,138],{"class":66},[52,118320,73946],{"class":134},[52,118322,138],{"class":66},[52,118324,4804],{"class":117},[52,118326,1222],{"class":66},[20,118328,118329],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[699,118331,118333,118334,1742],{"id":118332},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118335,14281],{},[20,118337,118338],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118340,267],{},[43,118342,118344],{"className":45,"code":118343,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118345,118346,118366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118349,940],{"class":58},[52,118351,63],{"class":62},[52,118353,3063],{"class":66},[52,118355,1770],{"class":947},[52,118357,80],{"class":66},[52,118359,953],{"class":947},[52,118361,80],{"class":66},[52,118363,7242],{"class":947},[52,118365,3076],{"class":66},[52,118367,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118369,135],{"class":134},[52,118371,138],{"class":66},[52,118373,73946],{"class":134},[52,118375,138],{"class":66},[52,118377,1037],{"class":117},[52,118379,80],{"class":66},[52,118381,21019],{"class":8623},[52,118383,63],{"class":62},[52,118385,1215],{"class":134},[52,118387,1222],{"class":66},[20,118389,47946,118390,118392],{},[15,118391,41795],{}," does not work on integers.",[699,118394,118396],{"id":118395},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118398,118399],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,118401,118403],{"className":45,"code":118402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118404,118405,118425,118435,118439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118406,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118408,940],{"class":58},[52,118410,63],{"class":62},[52,118412,3063],{"class":66},[52,118414,1500],{"class":947},[52,118416,80],{"class":66},[52,118418,4944],{"class":947},[52,118420,80],{"class":66},[52,118422,953],{"class":947},[52,118424,3076],{"class":66},[52,118426,118427,118429,118431,118433],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118428,73946],{"class":134},[52,118430,138],{"class":66},[52,118432,1037],{"class":117},[52,118434,144],{"class":66},[52,118436,118437],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,118438,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,118440,118441,118443,118445,118447],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118442,135],{"class":134},[52,118444,138],{"class":66},[52,118446,1037],{"class":117},[52,118448,144],{"class":66},[20,118450,1509],{},[43,118452,118454],{"className":45,"code":118453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118455,118456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118457,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118459,3344],{"class":66},[52,118461,1500],{"class":947},[52,118463,80],{"class":66},[52,118465,4944],{"class":947},[52,118467,80],{"class":66},[52,118469,953],{"class":947},[52,118471,3076],{"class":66},[20,118473,118474],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[38,118476,1158],{"id":1157},[163,118478,118479,118483,118486,118491,118495],{},[166,118480,4022,118481,73394],{},[15,118482,73856],{},[166,118484,118485],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[166,118487,4147,118488,118490],{},[15,118489,73856],{}," always returns a list",[166,118492,1185,118493,22544],{},[15,118494,117943],{},[166,118496,633,118497,118499,118500],{},[15,118498,63747],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118501,73856],{},[20,118503,118504],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[43,118506,118508],{"className":45,"code":118507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118509,118510,118532,118558,118596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118511,118512,118514,118516,118518,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118513,135],{"class":134},[52,118515,138],{"class":66},[52,118517,73946],{"class":134},[52,118519,2424],{"class":66},[52,118521,1500],{"class":947},[52,118523,80],{"class":66},[52,118525,4944],{"class":947},[52,118527,80],{"class":66},[52,118529,953],{"class":947},[52,118531,2437],{"class":66},[52,118533,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554,118556],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118535,135],{"class":134},[52,118537,138],{"class":66},[52,118539,1231],{"class":600},[52,118541,138],{"class":66},[52,118543,73946],{"class":134},[52,118545,4957],{"class":66},[52,118547,1500],{"class":947},[52,118549,80],{"class":66},[52,118551,4944],{"class":947},[52,118553,80],{"class":66},[52,118555,953],{"class":947},[52,118557,92797],{"class":66},[52,118559,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584,118586,118588,118590,118592,118594],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,118561,135],{"class":134},[52,118563,138],{"class":66},[52,118565,73946],{"class":134},[52,118567,2424],{"class":66},[52,118569,608],{"class":70},[52,118571,82795],{"class":74},[52,118573,608],{"class":70},[52,118575,80],{"class":66},[52,118577,617],{"class":70},[52,118579,75],{"class":74},[52,118581,608],{"class":70},[52,118583,17501],{"class":66},[52,118585,21019],{"class":8623},[52,118587,63],{"class":62},[52,118589,2882],{"class":600},[52,118591,114],{"class":66},[52,118593,8087],{"class":24190},[52,118595,1222],{"class":66},[52,118597,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616,118618,118620,118622,118624],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118599,135],{"class":134},[52,118601,138],{"class":66},[52,118603,73946],{"class":134},[52,118605,2424],{"class":66},[52,118607,1500],{"class":947},[52,118609,80],{"class":66},[52,118611,4944],{"class":947},[52,118613,80],{"class":66},[52,118615,953],{"class":947},[52,118617,17501],{"class":66},[52,118619,77502],{"class":8623},[52,118621,63],{"class":62},[52,118623,3044],{"class":3295},[52,118625,1222],{"class":66},[20,118627,118628,118629,114],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[221,118630,52209],{"href":50416},[38,118632,1273],{"id":1272},[699,118634,1277,118636,56599],{"id":118635},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118637,73856],{},[20,118639,118640],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[699,118642,4586,118644,12159],{"id":118643},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118645,73856],{},[20,118647,118648],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[699,118650,118652,118653,1326,118655,1293],{"id":118651},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118654,73856],{},[15,118656,77299],{},[20,118658,799,118659,118661],{},[15,118660,73856],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[699,118663,4586,118665,85882,118667,1293],{"id":118664},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118666,117943],{},[15,118668,73856],{},[20,118670,118671],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[699,118673,4602,118675,118677,118678,1293],{"id":118674},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118676,73856],{}," give a ",[15,118679,2443],{},[20,118681,118682],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[38,118684,1332],{"id":1331},[163,118686,118687,118691,118699,118703,118709,118715],{},[166,118688,118689],{},[221,118690,79305],{"href":77808},[166,118692,118693],{},[221,118694,3015,118695,897,118697,5230],{"href":78557},[15,118696,73856],{},[15,118698,77299],{},[166,118700,118701],{},[221,118702,52209],{"href":50416},[166,118704,118705],{},[221,118706,3015,118707,2948],{"href":41792},[15,118708,41795],{},[166,118710,118711],{},[221,118712,3015,118713,2948],{"href":91453},[15,118714,35182],{},[166,118716,118717],{},[221,118718,3015,118719,2948],{"href":35629},[15,118720,35632],{},[1364,118722,118723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":118725},[118726,118727,118729,118732,118733,118740,118742,118744,118746,118752,118753,118765],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":117006,"depth":103,"text":118728},"What sorted() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":118730},[118731],{"id":16834,"depth":124,"text":16835},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":117245,"depth":103,"text":117246,"children":118734},[118735,118736,118737,118738,118739],{"id":7540,"depth":124,"text":117254},{"id":48389,"depth":124,"text":117318},{"id":601,"depth":124,"text":117415},{"id":60610,"depth":124,"text":117479},{"id":15045,"depth":124,"text":28658},{"id":117684,"depth":103,"text":118741},"Using reverse=True",{"id":117940,"depth":103,"text":118743},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118212,"depth":103,"text":118745},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118268,"depth":103,"text":118269,"children":118747},[118748,118749,118751],{"id":118277,"depth":124,"text":118278},{"id":118332,"depth":124,"text":118750},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118395,"depth":124,"text":118396},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":118754},[118755,118757,118759,118761,118763],{"id":118635,"depth":124,"text":118756},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118643,"depth":124,"text":118758},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118651,"depth":124,"text":118760},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118664,"depth":124,"text":118762},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118674,"depth":124,"text":118764},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116908,"description":118766},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118773,"title":118774,"body":118775,"description":120886,"extension":1401,"meta":120887,"navigation":127,"path":78557,"seo":120888,"stem":120889,"__hash__":120890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118776,"toc":120833},[118777,118784,118787,118797,118803,118806,118824,118832,118834,118893,118901,118905,118927,118931,118935,118937,118954,118956,118968,118974,119058,119062,119109,119115,119122,119126,119131,119133,119145,119150,119203,119207,119227,119234,119241,119245,119248,119267,119271,119385,119389,119459,119461,119473,119478,119482,119495,119499,119574,119578,119617,119624,119630,119635,119639,119653,119657,119722,119726,119759,119762,119767,119775,119782,119795,119798,119802,119885,119889,119926,119930,120033,120037,120098,120103,120110,120114,120117,120123,120126,120193,120197,120221,120223,120241,120248,120301,120305,120325,120331,120333,120390,120397,120423,120428,120433,120441,120447,120507,120511,120558,120561,120563,120566,120592,120595,120688,120690,120710,120714,120717,120735,120741,120743,120751,120756,120763,120766,120772,120775,120781,120789,120797,120802,120804,120830],[10,118778,3015,118780,897,118782,92511],{"id":118779},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118781,73856],{},[15,118783,77299],{},[20,118785,118786],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[163,118788,118789,118793],{},[166,118790,118791],{},[15,118792,73856],{},[166,118794,118795],{},[15,118796,77299],{},[20,118798,118799,118800,118802],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,118801,32],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118804,118805],{},"The main difference is simple:",[163,118807,118808,118816],{},[166,118809,799,118810,118812,118813],{},[15,118811,73856],{}," when you want a ",[30,118814,118815],{},"new sorted result",[166,118817,799,118818,118820,118821],{},[15,118819,77299],{}," when you want to ",[30,118822,118823],{},"change the original list",[20,118825,118826,118827,1837,118829,118831],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118828,77299],{},[15,118830,3220],{}," and causes confusion.",[38,118833,3049],{"id":3048},[43,118835,118837],{"className":45,"code":118836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118838,118839,118859,118863,118880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118840,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118842,940],{"class":58},[52,118844,63],{"class":62},[52,118846,3063],{"class":66},[52,118848,1500],{"class":947},[52,118850,80],{"class":66},[52,118852,4944],{"class":947},[52,118854,80],{"class":66},[52,118856,953],{"class":947},[52,118858,3076],{"class":66},[52,118860,118861],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,118862,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,118864,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,118866,55325],{"class":58},[52,118868,63],{"class":62},[52,118870,73990],{"class":134},[52,118872,138],{"class":66},[52,118874,1037],{"class":117},[52,118876,3102],{"class":66},[52,118878,118879],{"class":3105},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[52,118881,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,118883,1037],{"class":58},[52,118885,114],{"class":66},[52,118887,34231],{"class":117},[52,118889,6812],{"class":66},[52,118891,118892],{"class":3105},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118894,799,118895,118897,118898,118900],{},[15,118896,73856],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118899,77299],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[38,118902,118904],{"id":118903},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[163,118906,118907,118912,118917,118924],{},[166,118908,799,118909,118911],{},[15,118910,73856],{}," to get a new sorted list",[166,118913,799,118914,118916],{},[15,118915,77299],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[166,118918,118919,118920,1837,118922],{},"Understand why ",[15,118921,77299],{},[15,118923,3220],{},[166,118925,118926],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[38,118928,194,118929,197],{"id":117006},[15,118930,73856],{},[20,118932,118933,62361],{},[15,118934,73856],{},[20,118936,48363],{},[163,118938,118939,118945,118951],{},[166,118940,118941,118942],{},"returns a ",[30,118943,118944],{},"new list",[166,118946,118947,118948,118950],{},"does ",[30,118949,32],{}," change the original data",[166,118952,118953],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,118955,50570],{},[163,118957,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966],{},[166,118959,4745],{},[166,118961,4748],{},[166,118963,4754],{},[166,118965,4751],{},[166,118967,35343],{},[699,118969,34510,118971,118973],{"id":118970},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,118972,73856],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[43,118975,118977],{"className":45,"code":118976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,118978,118979,118999,119003,119017,119021,119039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118980,118981,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118982,940],{"class":58},[52,118984,63],{"class":62},[52,118986,3063],{"class":66},[52,118988,1500],{"class":947},[52,118990,80],{"class":66},[52,118992,4944],{"class":947},[52,118994,80],{"class":66},[52,118996,953],{"class":947},[52,118998,3076],{"class":66},[52,119000,119001],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119002,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119004,119005,119007,119009,119011,119013,119015],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119006,1668],{"class":58},[52,119008,63],{"class":62},[52,119010,73990],{"class":134},[52,119012,138],{"class":66},[52,119014,1037],{"class":117},[52,119016,144],{"class":66},[52,119018,119019],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119020,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119022,119023,119025,119027,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,119024,135],{"class":134},[52,119026,138],{"class":66},[52,119028,71],{"class":70},[52,119030,11597],{"class":74},[52,119032,71],{"class":70},[52,119034,80],{"class":66},[52,119036,970],{"class":117},[52,119038,144],{"class":66},[52,119040,119041,119043,119045,119047,119050,119052,119054,119056],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,119042,135],{"class":134},[52,119044,138],{"class":66},[52,119046,71],{"class":70},[52,119048,119049],{"class":74},"sorted result:",[52,119051,71],{"class":70},[52,119053,80],{"class":66},[52,119055,80649],{"class":117},[52,119057,144],{"class":66},[20,119059,119060],{},[30,119061,1509],{},[43,119063,119065],{"className":45,"code":119064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119066,119067,119087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119068,119069,119071,119073,119075,119077,119079,119081,119083,119085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119070,11576],{"class":58},[52,119072,202],{"class":66},[52,119074,3063],{"class":66},[52,119076,1500],{"class":947},[52,119078,80],{"class":66},[52,119080,4944],{"class":947},[52,119082,80],{"class":66},[52,119084,953],{"class":947},[52,119086,3076],{"class":66},[52,119088,119089,119091,119093,119095,119097,119099,119101,119103,119105,119107],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119090,73946],{"class":134},[52,119092,80649],{"class":58},[52,119094,202],{"class":66},[52,119096,3063],{"class":66},[52,119098,948],{"class":947},[52,119100,80],{"class":66},[52,119102,953],{"class":947},[52,119104,80],{"class":66},[52,119106,958],{"class":947},[52,119108,3076],{"class":66},[20,119110,119111,119112,119114],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119113,1037],{}," stays the same.",[20,119116,119117,119118,114],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[221,119119,3015,119120,2948],{"href":73953},[15,119121,73856],{},[38,119123,194,119124,197],{"id":77365},[15,119125,77299],{},[20,119127,119128,119130],{},[15,119129,63747],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119132,48363],{},[163,119134,119135,119138,119141],{},[166,119136,119137],{},"changes the original list directly",[166,119139,119140],{},"only works on lists",[166,119142,3133,119143],{},[15,119144,3220],{},[699,119146,34510,119148,73394],{"id":119147},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119149,77299],{},[43,119151,119153],{"className":45,"code":119152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119154,119155,119175,119179,119189,119193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119156,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119158,940],{"class":58},[52,119160,63],{"class":62},[52,119162,3063],{"class":66},[52,119164,1500],{"class":947},[52,119166,80],{"class":66},[52,119168,4944],{"class":947},[52,119170,80],{"class":66},[52,119172,953],{"class":947},[52,119174,3076],{"class":66},[52,119176,119177],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119178,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119180,119181,119183,119185,119187],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119182,1037],{"class":58},[52,119184,114],{"class":66},[52,119186,34231],{"class":117},[52,119188,121],{"class":66},[52,119190,119191],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119192,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119194,119195,119197,119199,119201],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,119196,135],{"class":134},[52,119198,138],{"class":66},[52,119200,1037],{"class":117},[52,119202,144],{"class":66},[20,119204,119205],{},[30,119206,1509],{},[43,119208,119209],{"className":45,"code":54587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,119210,119211],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119212,119213,119215,119217,119219,119221,119223,119225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119214,3344],{"class":66},[52,119216,948],{"class":947},[52,119218,80],{"class":66},[52,119220,953],{"class":947},[52,119222,80],{"class":66},[52,119224,958],{"class":947},[52,119226,3076],{"class":66},[20,119228,119229,119230,119233],{},"After calling ",[15,119231,119232],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119235,119236,119237,114],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[221,119238,3015,119239,1070],{"href":74207},[15,119240,77299],{},[38,119242,119244],{"id":119243},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119246,119247],{},"Here is the core difference:",[163,119249,119250,119259],{},[166,119251,119252,119255,119256],{},[15,119253,119254],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,119257,119258],{},"new sorted list",[166,119260,119261,119264,119265,73764],{},[15,119262,119263],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119266,7786],{},[699,119268,119270],{"id":119269},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[43,119272,119274],{"className":45,"code":119273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119275,119276,119296,119300,119314,119333,119352,119356,119366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119277,119278,119280,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119279,940],{"class":58},[52,119281,63],{"class":62},[52,119283,3063],{"class":66},[52,119285,1131],{"class":947},[52,119287,80],{"class":66},[52,119289,953],{"class":947},[52,119291,80],{"class":66},[52,119293,1896],{"class":947},[52,119295,3076],{"class":66},[52,119297,119298],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119299,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119301,119302,119304,119306,119308,119310,119312],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119303,1993],{"class":58},[52,119305,63],{"class":62},[52,119307,73990],{"class":134},[52,119309,138],{"class":66},[52,119311,1037],{"class":117},[52,119313,144],{"class":66},[52,119315,119316,119318,119320,119322,119325,119327,119329,119331],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119317,135],{"class":134},[52,119319,138],{"class":66},[52,119321,71],{"class":70},[52,119323,119324],{"class":74},"numbers after sorted():",[52,119326,71],{"class":70},[52,119328,80],{"class":66},[52,119330,970],{"class":117},[52,119332,144],{"class":66},[52,119334,119335,119337,119339,119341,119344,119346,119348,119350],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,119336,135],{"class":134},[52,119338,138],{"class":66},[52,119340,71],{"class":70},[52,119342,119343],{"class":74},"a:",[52,119345,71],{"class":70},[52,119347,80],{"class":66},[52,119349,56323],{"class":117},[52,119351,144],{"class":66},[52,119353,119354],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,119355,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119357,119358,119360,119362,119364],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,119359,1037],{"class":58},[52,119361,114],{"class":66},[52,119363,34231],{"class":117},[52,119365,121],{"class":66},[52,119367,119368,119370,119372,119374,119377,119379,119381,119383],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,119369,135],{"class":134},[52,119371,138],{"class":66},[52,119373,71],{"class":70},[52,119375,119376],{"class":74},"numbers after sort():",[52,119378,71],{"class":70},[52,119380,80],{"class":66},[52,119382,970],{"class":117},[52,119384,144],{"class":66},[20,119386,119387],{},[30,119388,1509],{},[43,119390,119392],{"className":45,"code":119391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119393,119394,119417,119437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119395,119396,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119397,119398],{"class":58},"numbers after ",[52,119400,73946],{"class":134},[52,119402,29019],{"class":66},[52,119404,3063],{"class":66},[52,119406,1131],{"class":947},[52,119408,80],{"class":66},[52,119410,953],{"class":947},[52,119412,80],{"class":66},[52,119414,1896],{"class":947},[52,119416,3076],{"class":66},[52,119418,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431,119433,119435],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119420,221],{"class":58},[52,119422,202],{"class":66},[52,119424,3063],{"class":66},[52,119426,1047],{"class":947},[52,119428,80],{"class":66},[52,119430,1896],{"class":947},[52,119432,80],{"class":66},[52,119434,4048],{"class":947},[52,119436,3076],{"class":66},[52,119438,119439,119441,119443,119445,119447,119449,119451,119453,119455,119457],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119440,119398],{"class":58},[52,119442,34231],{"class":117},[52,119444,29019],{"class":66},[52,119446,3063],{"class":66},[52,119448,1047],{"class":947},[52,119450,80],{"class":66},[52,119452,1896],{"class":947},[52,119454,80],{"class":66},[52,119456,4048],{"class":947},[52,119458,3076],{"class":66},[20,119460,10158],{},[163,119462,119463,119468],{},[166,119464,119465,119467],{},[15,119466,73856],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[166,119469,119470,119472],{},[15,119471,63747],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[38,119474,894,119476],{"id":119475},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119477,73856],{},[20,119479,799,119480,916],{},[15,119481,73856],{},[163,119483,119484,119487,119489,119492],{},[166,119485,119486],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[166,119488,118256],{},[166,119490,119491],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[166,119493,119494],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[699,119496,119498],{"id":119497},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[43,119500,119502],{"className":45,"code":119501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119503,119504,119528,119532,119546,119550,119560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119505,119506,119508,119510,119512,119514,119516,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119507,940],{"class":58},[52,119509,63],{"class":62},[52,119511,8684],{"class":66},[52,119513,1943],{"class":947},[52,119515,80],{"class":66},[52,119517,4944],{"class":947},[52,119519,80],{"class":66},[52,119521,958],{"class":947},[52,119523,80],{"class":66},[52,119525,953],{"class":947},[52,119527,144],{"class":66},[52,119529,119530],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119531,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119533,119534,119536,119538,119540,119542,119544],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119535,1668],{"class":58},[52,119537,63],{"class":62},[52,119539,73990],{"class":134},[52,119541,138],{"class":66},[52,119543,1037],{"class":117},[52,119545,144],{"class":66},[52,119547,119548],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119549,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119551,119552,119554,119556,119558],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,119553,135],{"class":134},[52,119555,138],{"class":66},[52,119557,1703],{"class":117},[52,119559,144],{"class":66},[52,119561,119562,119564,119566,119568,119570,119572],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,119563,135],{"class":134},[52,119565,138],{"class":66},[52,119567,1231],{"class":600},[52,119569,138],{"class":66},[52,119571,1703],{"class":117},[52,119573,1222],{"class":66},[20,119575,119576],{},[30,119577,1509],{},[43,119579,119581],{"className":45,"code":119580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119582,119583,119603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119584,119585,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599,119601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119586,3344],{"class":66},[52,119588,948],{"class":947},[52,119590,80],{"class":66},[52,119592,953],{"class":947},[52,119594,80],{"class":66},[52,119596,958],{"class":947},[52,119598,80],{"class":66},[52,119600,1896],{"class":947},[52,119602,3076],{"class":66},[52,119604,119605,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119606,2729],{"class":62},[52,119608,2732],{"class":1503},[52,119610,617],{"class":70},[52,119612,7540],{"class":74},[52,119614,608],{"class":70},[52,119616,2741],{"class":62},[20,119618,1725,119619,119621,119622,114],{},[15,119620,73856],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,119623,7540],{},[20,119625,119626,119627,119629],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[221,119628,52209],{"href":50416}," is a helpful next step.",[38,119631,894,119633],{"id":119632},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119634,77299],{},[20,119636,799,119637,916],{},[15,119638,77299],{},[163,119640,119641,119644,119647,119650],{},[166,119642,119643],{},"you already have a list",[166,119645,119646],{},"you want to update that list directly",[166,119648,119649],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[166,119651,119652],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[699,119654,119656],{"id":119655},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[43,119658,119660],{"className":45,"code":119659,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119661,119662,119694,119698,119708,119712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119663,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672,119674,119676,119678,119680,119682,119684,119686,119688,119690,119692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119665,4438],{"class":58},[52,119667,63],{"class":62},[52,119669,3063],{"class":66},[52,119671,71],{"class":70},[52,119673,4465],{"class":74},[52,119675,71],{"class":70},[52,119677,80],{"class":66},[52,119679,83],{"class":70},[52,119681,4447],{"class":74},[52,119683,71],{"class":70},[52,119685,80],{"class":66},[52,119687,83],{"class":70},[52,119689,4456],{"class":74},[52,119691,71],{"class":70},[52,119693,3076],{"class":66},[52,119695,119696],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119697,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119699,119700,119702,119704,119706],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119701,4482],{"class":58},[52,119703,114],{"class":66},[52,119705,34231],{"class":117},[52,119707,121],{"class":66},[52,119709,119710],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119711,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119713,119714,119716,119718,119720],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,119715,135],{"class":134},[52,119717,138],{"class":66},[52,119719,4482],{"class":117},[52,119721,144],{"class":66},[20,119723,119724],{},[30,119725,1509],{},[43,119727,119729],{"className":45,"code":119728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119730,119731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119732,119733,119735,119737,119739,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119734,3344],{"class":66},[52,119736,608],{"class":70},[52,119738,4447],{"class":74},[52,119740,608],{"class":70},[52,119742,80],{"class":66},[52,119744,617],{"class":70},[52,119746,4456],{"class":74},[52,119748,608],{"class":70},[52,119750,80],{"class":66},[52,119752,617],{"class":70},[52,119754,4465],{"class":74},[52,119756,608],{"class":70},[52,119758,3076],{"class":66},[20,119760,119761],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119763,119764,119765,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[221,119766,79305],{"href":77808},[38,119768,119770,803,119772,119774],{"id":119769},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119771,73009],{},[15,119773,14281],{}," work with both",[20,119776,10036,119777,803,119779,119781],{},[15,119778,73856],{},[15,119780,77299],{}," support:",[163,119783,119784,119789],{},[166,119785,119786,119788],{},[15,119787,77523],{}," for descending order",[166,119790,119791,119794],{},[15,119792,119793],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119796,119797],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[699,119799,119801],{"id":119800},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[43,119803,119805],{"className":45,"code":119804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119806,119807,119827,119831,119853,119857,119875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119808,119809,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119810,940],{"class":58},[52,119812,63],{"class":62},[52,119814,3063],{"class":66},[52,119816,1500],{"class":947},[52,119818,80],{"class":66},[52,119820,4944],{"class":947},[52,119822,80],{"class":66},[52,119824,953],{"class":947},[52,119826,3076],{"class":66},[52,119828,119829],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119830,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119832,119833,119835,119837,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849,119851],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119834,135],{"class":134},[52,119836,138],{"class":66},[52,119838,73946],{"class":134},[52,119840,138],{"class":66},[52,119842,1037],{"class":117},[52,119844,80],{"class":66},[52,119846,77502],{"class":8623},[52,119848,63],{"class":62},[52,119850,3044],{"class":3295},[52,119852,1222],{"class":66},[52,119854,119855],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,119856,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119858,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867,119869,119871,119873],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,119860,1037],{"class":58},[52,119862,114],{"class":66},[52,119864,34231],{"class":117},[52,119866,138],{"class":66},[52,119868,73009],{"class":8623},[52,119870,63],{"class":62},[52,119872,3044],{"class":3295},[52,119874,144],{"class":66},[52,119876,119877,119879,119881,119883],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,119878,135],{"class":134},[52,119880,138],{"class":66},[52,119882,1037],{"class":117},[52,119884,144],{"class":66},[20,119886,119887],{},[30,119888,1509],{},[43,119890,119892],{"className":45,"code":119891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119893,119894,119910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119895,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906,119908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119897,3344],{"class":66},[52,119899,1500],{"class":947},[52,119901,80],{"class":66},[52,119903,953],{"class":947},[52,119905,80],{"class":66},[52,119907,4944],{"class":947},[52,119909,3076],{"class":66},[52,119911,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920,119922,119924],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119913,3344],{"class":66},[52,119915,1500],{"class":947},[52,119917,80],{"class":66},[52,119919,953],{"class":947},[52,119921,80],{"class":66},[52,119923,4944],{"class":947},[52,119925,3076],{"class":66},[699,119927,119929],{"id":119928},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[43,119931,119933],{"className":45,"code":119932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,119934,119935,119967,119971,119997,120001,120023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119936,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955,119957,119959,119961,119963,119965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119938,3515],{"class":58},[52,119940,63],{"class":62},[52,119942,3063],{"class":66},[52,119944,71],{"class":70},[52,119946,82795],{"class":74},[52,119948,71],{"class":70},[52,119950,80],{"class":66},[52,119952,83],{"class":70},[52,119954,75],{"class":74},[52,119956,71],{"class":70},[52,119958,80],{"class":66},[52,119960,83],{"class":70},[52,119962,118121],{"class":74},[52,119964,71],{"class":70},[52,119966,3076],{"class":66},[52,119968,119969],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,119970,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,119972,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,119974,135],{"class":134},[52,119976,138],{"class":66},[52,119978,73946],{"class":134},[52,119980,138],{"class":66},[52,119982,3556],{"class":117},[52,119984,80],{"class":66},[52,119986,21019],{"class":8623},[52,119988,63],{"class":62},[52,119990,2882],{"class":600},[52,119992,114],{"class":66},[52,119994,8087],{"class":24190},[52,119996,1222],{"class":66},[52,119998,119999],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120000,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120002,120003,120005,120007,120009,120011,120013,120015,120017,120019,120021],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120004,3556],{"class":58},[52,120006,114],{"class":66},[52,120008,34231],{"class":117},[52,120010,138],{"class":66},[52,120012,14281],{"class":8623},[52,120014,63],{"class":62},[52,120016,2882],{"class":600},[52,120018,114],{"class":66},[52,120020,8087],{"class":24190},[52,120022,144],{"class":66},[52,120024,120025,120027,120029,120031],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,120026,135],{"class":134},[52,120028,138],{"class":66},[52,120030,3556],{"class":117},[52,120032,144],{"class":66},[20,120034,120035],{},[30,120036,1509],{},[43,120038,120040],{"className":45,"code":120039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120041,120042,120070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120043,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120045,3344],{"class":66},[52,120047,608],{"class":70},[52,120049,75],{"class":74},[52,120051,608],{"class":70},[52,120053,80],{"class":66},[52,120055,617],{"class":70},[52,120057,82795],{"class":74},[52,120059,608],{"class":70},[52,120061,80],{"class":66},[52,120063,617],{"class":70},[52,120065,118121],{"class":74},[52,120067,608],{"class":70},[52,120069,3076],{"class":66},[52,120071,120072,120074,120076,120078,120080,120082,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094,120096],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120073,3344],{"class":66},[52,120075,608],{"class":70},[52,120077,75],{"class":74},[52,120079,608],{"class":70},[52,120081,80],{"class":66},[52,120083,617],{"class":70},[52,120085,82795],{"class":74},[52,120087,608],{"class":70},[52,120089,80],{"class":66},[52,120091,617],{"class":70},[52,120093,118121],{"class":74},[52,120095,608],{"class":70},[52,120097,3076],{"class":66},[20,120099,1185,120100,120102],{},[15,120101,78017],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120104,120105,120106,114],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[221,120107,120109],{"href":120108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[38,120111,120113],{"id":120112},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120115,120116],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[699,120118,120120,120121,12041],{"id":120119},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120122,77299],{},[20,120124,120125],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[43,120127,120129],{"className":45,"code":120128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120130,120131,120151,120155,120169,120173,120183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120132,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120134,940],{"class":58},[52,120136,63],{"class":62},[52,120138,3063],{"class":66},[52,120140,1500],{"class":947},[52,120142,80],{"class":66},[52,120144,4944],{"class":947},[52,120146,80],{"class":66},[52,120148,953],{"class":947},[52,120150,3076],{"class":66},[52,120152,120153],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120154,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,120158,1668],{"class":58},[52,120160,63],{"class":62},[52,120162,970],{"class":58},[52,120164,114],{"class":66},[52,120166,34231],{"class":117},[52,120168,121],{"class":66},[52,120170,120171],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120172,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120174,120175,120177,120179,120181],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120176,135],{"class":134},[52,120178,138],{"class":66},[52,120180,1703],{"class":117},[52,120182,144],{"class":66},[52,120184,120185,120187,120189,120191],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,120186,135],{"class":134},[52,120188,138],{"class":66},[52,120190,1037],{"class":117},[52,120192,144],{"class":66},[20,120194,120195],{},[30,120196,1509],{},[43,120198,120199],{"className":45,"code":78640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120200,120201,120205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120202,120203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120204,11251],{"class":3295},[52,120206,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217,120219],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120208,3344],{"class":66},[52,120210,948],{"class":947},[52,120212,80],{"class":66},[52,120214,953],{"class":947},[52,120216,80],{"class":66},[52,120218,958],{"class":947},[52,120220,3076],{"class":66},[20,120222,11343],{},[163,120224,120225,120230,120235],{},[166,120226,120227,120229],{},[15,120228,119232],{}," sorts the list in place",[166,120231,34447,120232,120234],{},[30,120233,32],{}," return the sorted list",[166,120236,89417,120237,41589,120239],{},[15,120238,1703],{},[15,120240,3220],{},[699,120242,120244,120245,120247],{"id":120243},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120246,73856],{}," to change the original list",[43,120249,120251],{"className":45,"code":120250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120252,120253,120273,120277,120287,120291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120254,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120256,940],{"class":58},[52,120258,63],{"class":62},[52,120260,3063],{"class":66},[52,120262,1500],{"class":947},[52,120264,80],{"class":66},[52,120266,4944],{"class":947},[52,120268,80],{"class":66},[52,120270,953],{"class":947},[52,120272,3076],{"class":66},[52,120274,120275],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120276,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120278,120279,120281,120283,120285],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,120280,73946],{"class":134},[52,120282,138],{"class":66},[52,120284,1037],{"class":117},[52,120286,144],{"class":66},[52,120288,120289],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120290,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120292,120293,120295,120297,120299],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120294,135],{"class":134},[52,120296,138],{"class":66},[52,120298,1037],{"class":117},[52,120300,144],{"class":66},[20,120302,120303],{},[30,120304,1509],{},[43,120306,120307],{"className":45,"code":118453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120308,120309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120310,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120312,3344],{"class":66},[52,120314,1500],{"class":947},[52,120316,80],{"class":66},[52,120318,4944],{"class":947},[52,120320,80],{"class":66},[52,120322,953],{"class":947},[52,120324,3076],{"class":66},[20,120326,120327,120330],{},[15,120328,120329],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120332,10252],{},[43,120334,120336],{"className":45,"code":120335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120337,120338,120358,120362,120376,120380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120339,120340,120342,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120341,940],{"class":58},[52,120343,63],{"class":62},[52,120345,3063],{"class":66},[52,120347,1500],{"class":947},[52,120349,80],{"class":66},[52,120351,4944],{"class":947},[52,120353,80],{"class":66},[52,120355,953],{"class":947},[52,120357,3076],{"class":66},[52,120359,120360],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120361,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120363,120364,120366,120368,120370,120372,120374],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,120365,55077],{"class":58},[52,120367,63],{"class":62},[52,120369,73990],{"class":134},[52,120371,138],{"class":66},[52,120373,1037],{"class":117},[52,120375,144],{"class":66},[52,120377,120378],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120379,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120381,120382,120384,120386,120388],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120383,135],{"class":134},[52,120385,138],{"class":66},[52,120387,55096],{"class":117},[52,120389,144],{"class":66},[699,120391,120393,120394,120396],{"id":120392},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120395,63747],{}," on a tuple or string",[43,120398,120399],{"className":45,"code":78742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120400,120401,120413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120402,120403,120405,120407,120409,120411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120404,34120],{"class":58},[52,120406,63],{"class":62},[52,120408,83],{"class":70},[52,120410,47],{"class":74},[52,120412,2797],{"class":70},[52,120414,120415,120417,120419,120421],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120416,34141],{"class":58},[52,120418,114],{"class":66},[52,120420,34231],{"class":117},[52,120422,121],{"class":66},[20,120424,120425,120426,33032],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120427,63747],{},[20,120429,120430,120432],{},[15,120431,63747],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120434,120435,120436,120438,120439,114],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120437,73856],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[221,120440,4580],{"href":5033},[699,120442,120444,120445,118490],{"id":120443},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120446,73856],{},[43,120448,120450],{"className":45,"code":120449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120451,120452,120465,120479,120483,120493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120453,120454,120456,120458,120460,120463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120455,34120],{"class":58},[52,120457,63],{"class":62},[52,120459,83],{"class":70},[52,120461,120462],{"class":74},"cab",[52,120464,2797],{"class":70},[52,120466,120467,120469,120471,120473,120475,120477],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120468,1668],{"class":58},[52,120470,63],{"class":62},[52,120472,73990],{"class":134},[52,120474,138],{"class":66},[52,120476,34141],{"class":117},[52,120478,144],{"class":66},[52,120480,120481],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,120482,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120484,120485,120487,120489,120491],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120486,135],{"class":134},[52,120488,138],{"class":66},[52,120490,1703],{"class":117},[52,120492,144],{"class":66},[52,120494,120495,120497,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120496,135],{"class":134},[52,120498,138],{"class":66},[52,120500,1231],{"class":600},[52,120502,138],{"class":66},[52,120504,1703],{"class":117},[52,120506,1222],{"class":66},[20,120508,120509],{},[30,120510,1509],{},[43,120512,120514],{"className":45,"code":120513,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120515,120516,120544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120517,120518,120520,120522,120524,120526,120528,120530,120532,120534,120536,120538,120540,120542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120519,3344],{"class":66},[52,120521,608],{"class":70},[52,120523,221],{"class":74},[52,120525,608],{"class":70},[52,120527,80],{"class":66},[52,120529,617],{"class":70},[52,120531,4204],{"class":74},[52,120533,608],{"class":70},[52,120535,80],{"class":66},[52,120537,617],{"class":70},[52,120539,9187],{"class":74},[52,120541,608],{"class":70},[52,120543,3076],{"class":66},[52,120545,120546,120548,120550,120552,120554,120556],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120547,2729],{"class":62},[52,120549,2732],{"class":1503},[52,120551,617],{"class":70},[52,120553,7540],{"class":74},[52,120555,608],{"class":70},[52,120557,2741],{"class":62},[20,120559,120560],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[38,120562,113011],{"id":113010},[20,120564,120565],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[163,120567,120568,120571,120576,120581,120587],{},[166,120569,120570],{},"confusing a function with a method",[166,120572,120573,120574,53082],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120575,63747],{},[166,120577,120578,120579,12041],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120580,77299],{},[166,120582,120583,120584,120586],{},"trying to use ",[15,120585,63747],{}," on non-list data types",[166,120588,49942,120589,120591],{},[15,120590,73856],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120593,120594],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,120596,120598],{"className":45,"code":120597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120599,120600,120610,120624,120649,120664,120674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120601,120602,120604,120606,120608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120603,135],{"class":134},[52,120605,138],{"class":66},[52,120607,7786],{"class":117},[52,120609,144],{"class":66},[52,120611,120612,120614,120616,120618,120620,120622],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120613,135],{"class":134},[52,120615,138],{"class":66},[52,120617,73946],{"class":134},[52,120619,138],{"class":66},[52,120621,7786],{"class":117},[52,120623,1222],{"class":66},[52,120625,120626,120628,120630,120632,120634,120636,120638,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,120627,1668],{"class":58},[52,120629,63],{"class":62},[52,120631,7843],{"class":58},[52,120633,114],{"class":66},[52,120635,34231],{"class":117},[52,120637,6812],{"class":66},[52,120639,120640],{"class":58},"; ",[52,120642,135],{"class":134},[52,120644,138],{"class":66},[52,120646,1703],{"class":117},[52,120648,144],{"class":66},[52,120650,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120662],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120652,135],{"class":134},[52,120654,138],{"class":66},[52,120656,1231],{"class":600},[52,120658,138],{"class":66},[52,120660,120661],{"class":117},"my_data",[52,120663,1222],{"class":66},[52,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120667,31583],{"class":134},[52,120669,138],{"class":66},[52,120671,73946],{"class":134},[52,120673,144],{"class":66},[52,120675,120676,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,120677,31583],{"class":134},[52,120679,138],{"class":66},[52,120681,7540],{"class":600},[52,120683,114],{"class":66},[52,120685,34231],{"class":24190},[52,120687,144],{"class":66},[20,120689,83804],{},[163,120691,120692,120695,120699,120707],{},[166,120693,120694],{},"whether your original list changed",[166,120696,25459,120697,11148],{},[15,120698,73856],{},[166,120700,120701,120702,120704,120705],{},"whether ",[15,120703,63747],{}," returned ",[15,120706,3220],{},[166,120708,120709],{},"what type of object you are working with",[38,120711,120713],{"id":120712},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120715,120716],{},"Use this rule:",[163,120718,120719,120727],{},[166,120720,120721,120722,120724,120725],{},"Need a ",[30,120723,118815],{},": use ",[15,120726,73856],{},[166,120728,120729,120730,120724,120733],{},"Need to ",[30,120731,120732],{},"change one list directly",[15,120734,77299],{},[20,120736,120737,120738,120740],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120739,73856],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[38,120742,1273],{"id":1272},[699,120744,120746,120747,456,120749,1293],{"id":120745},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120748,73856],{},[15,120750,77299],{},[20,120752,120753,120755],{},[15,120754,73856],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[699,120757,4602,120759,4605,120761,1293],{"id":120758},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120760,77299],{},[15,120762,3220],{},[20,120764,120765],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[699,120767,4614,120769,120771],{"id":120768},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120770,73856],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120773,120774],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[699,120776,27767,120778,120780],{"id":120777},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120779,63747],{}," on a string?",[20,120782,45800,120783,120785,120786,39362],{},[15,120784,63747],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120787,120788],{},"sorted(string)",[699,120790,11262,120792,803,120794,120796],{"id":120791},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120793,73856],{},[15,120795,63747],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120798,120799,120800,114],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120801,77523],{},[38,120803,1332],{"id":1331},[163,120805,120806,120812,120818,120822,120826],{},[166,120807,120808],{},[221,120809,3015,120810,2948],{"href":73953},[15,120811,73856],{},[166,120813,120814],{},[221,120815,3015,120816,1070],{"href":74207},[15,120817,77299],{},[166,120819,120820],{},[221,120821,79305],{"href":77808},[166,120823,120824],{},[221,120825,120109],{"href":120108},[166,120827,120828],{},[221,120829,52209],{"href":50416},[1364,120831,120832],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":120834},[120835,120836,120837,120841,120845,120848,120852,120856,120861,120871,120872,120873,120885],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":118903,"depth":103,"text":118904},{"id":117006,"depth":103,"text":118728,"children":120838},[120839],{"id":118970,"depth":124,"text":120840},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77365,"depth":103,"text":79327,"children":120842},[120843],{"id":119147,"depth":124,"text":120844},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119243,"depth":103,"text":119244,"children":120846},[120847],{"id":119269,"depth":124,"text":119270},{"id":119475,"depth":103,"text":120849,"children":120850},"When to use sorted()",[120851],{"id":119497,"depth":124,"text":119498},{"id":119632,"depth":103,"text":120853,"children":120854},"When to use list.sort()",[120855],{"id":119655,"depth":124,"text":119656},{"id":119769,"depth":103,"text":120857,"children":120858},"reverse and key work with both",[120859,120860],{"id":119800,"depth":124,"text":119801},{"id":119928,"depth":124,"text":119929},{"id":120112,"depth":103,"text":120113,"children":120862},[120863,120865,120867,120869],{"id":120119,"depth":124,"text":120864},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120243,"depth":124,"text":120866},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120392,"depth":124,"text":120868},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120443,"depth":124,"text":120870},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113010,"depth":103,"text":113011},{"id":120712,"depth":103,"text":120713},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":120874},[120875,120877,120879,120881,120883],{"id":120745,"depth":124,"text":120876},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120758,"depth":124,"text":120878},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120768,"depth":124,"text":120880},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120777,"depth":124,"text":120882},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120791,"depth":124,"text":120884},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118774,"description":120886},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120892,"title":41610,"body":120893,"description":122625,"extension":1401,"meta":122626,"navigation":127,"path":122627,"seo":122628,"stem":122629,"__hash__":122630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120894,"toc":122582},[120895,120900,120905,120911,120913,120968,120972,120995,121000,121005,121010,121012,121043,121046,121060,121062,121064,121079,121084,121088,121091,121142,121146,121160,121167,121171,121175,121230,121234,121257,121261,121317,121321,121344,121348,121403,121407,121430,121434,121501,121505,121540,121546,121551,121556,121558,121572,121574,121648,121652,121672,121677,121684,121687,121699,121701,121770,121774,121811,121814,121839,121846,121855,121858,121870,121876,121882,121884,121890,121895,121974,121978,122019,122023,122025,122052,122055,122078,122081,122087,122090,122127,122139,122146,122148,122199,122202,122234,122237,122239,122246,122248,122263,122265,122322,122326,122350,122352,122357,122373,122380,122384,122387,122470,122480,122482,122487,122490,122496,122499,122505,122508,122514,122517,122524,122532,122534,122579],[10,120896,3015,120898,3019],{"id":120897},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120899,47119],{},[20,120901,31748,120902,120904],{},[15,120903,47119],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,120906,120907,120908,120910],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,120909,47119],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[38,120912,41],{"id":40},[43,120914,120916],{"className":45,"code":120915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,120917,120918,120926,120940,120944,120954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120919,120920,120922,120924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120921,21068],{"class":58},[52,120923,63],{"class":62},[52,120925,44660],{"class":947},[52,120927,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120929,34120],{"class":58},[52,120931,63],{"class":62},[52,120933,48340],{"class":600},[52,120935,138],{"class":66},[52,120937,8747],{"class":117},[52,120939,144],{"class":66},[52,120941,120942],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,120943,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,120945,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,120947,135],{"class":134},[52,120949,138],{"class":66},[52,120951,34141],{"class":117},[52,120953,144],{"class":66},[52,120955,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120966],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,120957,135],{"class":134},[52,120959,138],{"class":66},[52,120961,1231],{"class":600},[52,120963,138],{"class":66},[52,120965,34141],{"class":117},[52,120967,1222],{"class":66},[20,120969,120970],{},[30,120971,1509],{},[43,120973,120975],{"className":45,"code":120974,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,120976,120977,120981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120978,120979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120980,2148],{"class":947},[52,120982,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991,120993],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,120984,2729],{"class":62},[52,120986,2732],{"class":1503},[52,120988,617],{"class":70},[52,120990,2882],{"class":74},[52,120992,608],{"class":70},[52,120994,2741],{"class":62},[20,120996,799,120997,120999],{},[15,120998,47119],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[38,121001,194,121003,197],{"id":121002},"what-str-does",[15,121004,47119],{},[20,121006,121007,121009],{},[15,121008,47119],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121011,360],{},[163,121013,121014,121021,121028,121035],{},[166,121015,121016,121017,41589,121019],{},"An integer like ",[15,121018,1770],{},[15,121020,41560],{},[166,121022,121023,121024,41589,121026],{},"A float like ",[15,121025,39576],{},[15,121027,47530],{},[166,121029,121030,121031,41589,121033],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121032,3044],{},[15,121034,6087],{},[166,121036,121037,121038,41589,121040],{},"A list like ",[15,121039,74678],{},[15,121041,121042],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121044,121045],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[163,121047,121048,121051,121054,121057],{},[166,121049,121050],{},"print it",[166,121052,121053],{},"combine it with other strings",[166,121055,121056],{},"save it to a file",[166,121058,121059],{},"use it in messages",[38,121061,228],{"id":227},[20,121063,6664],{},[43,121065,121067],{"className":45,"code":121066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"str(object)\n",[15,121068,121069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121070,121071,121073,121075,121077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121072,2882],{"class":600},[52,121074,138],{"class":66},[52,121076,41833],{"class":600},[52,121078,144],{"class":66},[20,121080,20210,121081,121083],{},[15,121082,41833],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121085,121086,7672],{},[15,121087,47119],{},[20,121089,121090],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[43,121092,121094],{"className":45,"code":121093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121095,121096,121105,121128,121132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121097,121098,121100,121102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121099,4539],{"class":58},[52,121101,63],{"class":62},[52,121103,121104],{"class":947}," 100\n",[52,121106,121107,121109,121111,121113,121116,121118,121120,121122,121124,121126],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121108,89437],{"class":58},[52,121110,63],{"class":62},[52,121112,83],{"class":70},[52,121114,121115],{"class":74},"Your score is ",[52,121117,71],{"class":70},[52,121119,1893],{"class":62},[52,121121,48340],{"class":600},[52,121123,138],{"class":66},[52,121125,84951],{"class":117},[52,121127,144],{"class":66},[52,121129,121130],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121131,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121133,121134,121136,121138,121140],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121135,135],{"class":134},[52,121137,138],{"class":66},[52,121139,89454],{"class":117},[52,121141,144],{"class":66},[20,121143,121144],{},[30,121145,1509],{},[43,121147,121149],{"className":45,"code":121148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121150,121151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121152,121153,121156,121158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121154,121155],{"class":58},"Your score ",[52,121157,11637],{"class":62},[52,121159,121104],{"class":947},[20,121161,1735,121162,121166],{},[221,121163,121164,1742],{"href":1738},[15,121165,1741],{}," can help you check.",[38,121168,121170],{"id":121169},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[699,121172,121174],{"id":121173},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[43,121176,121178],{"className":45,"code":121177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121179,121180,121188,121202,121206,121216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121181,121182,121184,121186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121183,1655],{"class":58},[52,121185,63],{"class":62},[52,121187,2026],{"class":947},[52,121189,121190,121192,121194,121196,121198,121200],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121191,34120],{"class":58},[52,121193,63],{"class":62},[52,121195,48340],{"class":600},[52,121197,138],{"class":66},[52,121199,1678],{"class":117},[52,121201,144],{"class":66},[52,121203,121204],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121205,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121207,121208,121210,121212,121214],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121209,135],{"class":134},[52,121211,138],{"class":66},[52,121213,34141],{"class":117},[52,121215,144],{"class":66},[52,121217,121218,121220,121222,121224,121226,121228],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121219,135],{"class":134},[52,121221,138],{"class":66},[52,121223,1231],{"class":600},[52,121225,138],{"class":66},[52,121227,34141],{"class":117},[52,121229,1222],{"class":66},[20,121231,121232],{},[30,121233,1509],{},[43,121235,121237],{"className":45,"code":121236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121238,121239,121243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121240,121241],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121242,1816],{"class":947},[52,121244,121245,121247,121249,121251,121253,121255],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121246,2729],{"class":62},[52,121248,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121250,617],{"class":70},[52,121252,2882],{"class":74},[52,121254,608],{"class":70},[52,121256,2741],{"class":62},[699,121258,121260],{"id":121259},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[43,121262,121264],{"className":45,"code":121263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121265,121266,121275,121289,121293,121303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121267,121268,121270,121272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121269,39820],{"class":58},[52,121271,63],{"class":62},[52,121273,121274],{"class":947}," 3.14\n",[52,121276,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121278,34120],{"class":58},[52,121280,63],{"class":62},[52,121282,48340],{"class":600},[52,121284,138],{"class":66},[52,121286,24590],{"class":117},[52,121288,144],{"class":66},[52,121290,121291],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121292,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121294,121295,121297,121299,121301],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121296,135],{"class":134},[52,121298,138],{"class":66},[52,121300,34141],{"class":117},[52,121302,144],{"class":66},[52,121304,121305,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121306,135],{"class":134},[52,121308,138],{"class":66},[52,121310,1231],{"class":600},[52,121312,138],{"class":66},[52,121314,34141],{"class":117},[52,121316,1222],{"class":66},[20,121318,121319],{},[30,121320,1509],{},[43,121322,121324],{"className":45,"code":121323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121325,121326,121330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121327,121328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121329,39610],{"class":947},[52,121331,121332,121334,121336,121338,121340,121342],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121333,2729],{"class":62},[52,121335,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121337,617],{"class":70},[52,121339,2882],{"class":74},[52,121341,608],{"class":70},[52,121343,2741],{"class":62},[699,121345,121347],{"id":121346},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[43,121349,121351],{"className":45,"code":121350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121352,121353,121361,121375,121379,121389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121354,121355,121357,121359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121356,965],{"class":58},[52,121358,63],{"class":62},[52,121360,5868],{"class":3295},[52,121362,121363,121365,121367,121369,121371,121373],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121364,34120],{"class":58},[52,121366,63],{"class":62},[52,121368,48340],{"class":600},[52,121370,138],{"class":66},[52,121372,985],{"class":117},[52,121374,144],{"class":66},[52,121376,121377],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121378,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121380,121381,121383,121385,121387],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121382,135],{"class":134},[52,121384,138],{"class":66},[52,121386,34141],{"class":117},[52,121388,144],{"class":66},[52,121390,121391,121393,121395,121397,121399,121401],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121392,135],{"class":134},[52,121394,138],{"class":66},[52,121396,1231],{"class":600},[52,121398,138],{"class":66},[52,121400,34141],{"class":117},[52,121402,1222],{"class":66},[20,121404,121405],{},[30,121406,1509],{},[43,121408,121410],{"className":45,"code":121409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121411,121412,121416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121413,121414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121415,3424],{"class":3295},[52,121417,121418,121420,121422,121424,121426,121428],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121419,2729],{"class":62},[52,121421,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121423,617],{"class":70},[52,121425,2882],{"class":74},[52,121427,608],{"class":70},[52,121429,2741],{"class":62},[699,121431,121433],{"id":121432},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[43,121435,121437],{"className":45,"code":121436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121438,121439,121459,121473,121477,121487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121440,121441,121443,121445,121447,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121442,59],{"class":58},[52,121444,63],{"class":62},[52,121446,3063],{"class":66},[52,121448,948],{"class":947},[52,121450,80],{"class":66},[52,121452,953],{"class":947},[52,121454,80],{"class":66},[52,121456,958],{"class":947},[52,121458,3076],{"class":66},[52,121460,121461,121463,121465,121467,121469,121471],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121462,34120],{"class":58},[52,121464,63],{"class":62},[52,121466,48340],{"class":600},[52,121468,138],{"class":66},[52,121470,154],{"class":117},[52,121472,144],{"class":66},[52,121474,121475],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121476,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121478,121479,121481,121483,121485],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121480,135],{"class":134},[52,121482,138],{"class":66},[52,121484,34141],{"class":117},[52,121486,144],{"class":66},[52,121488,121489,121491,121493,121495,121497,121499],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121490,135],{"class":134},[52,121492,138],{"class":66},[52,121494,1231],{"class":600},[52,121496,138],{"class":66},[52,121498,34141],{"class":117},[52,121500,1222],{"class":66},[20,121502,121503],{},[30,121504,1509],{},[43,121506,121508],{"className":45,"code":121507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121509,121510,121526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121511,121512,121514,121516,121518,121520,121522,121524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121513,3344],{"class":66},[52,121515,948],{"class":947},[52,121517,80],{"class":66},[52,121519,953],{"class":947},[52,121521,80],{"class":66},[52,121523,958],{"class":947},[52,121525,3076],{"class":66},[52,121527,121528,121530,121532,121534,121536,121538],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121529,2729],{"class":62},[52,121531,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121533,617],{"class":70},[52,121535,2882],{"class":74},[52,121537,608],{"class":70},[52,121539,2741],{"class":62},[20,121541,121542,121543,121545],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,121544,32],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[38,121547,894,121549],{"id":121548},"when-to-use-str",[15,121550,47119],{},[20,121552,799,121553,121555],{},[15,121554,47119],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121557,35858],{},[163,121559,121560,121563,121566,121569],{},[166,121561,121562],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[166,121564,121565],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[166,121567,121568],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[166,121570,121571],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121573,267],{},[43,121575,121577],{"className":45,"code":121576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121578,121579,121591,121599,121603,121638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121580,121581,121583,121585,121587,121589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121582,7323],{"class":58},[52,121584,63],{"class":62},[52,121586,83],{"class":70},[52,121588,10951],{"class":74},[52,121590,2797],{"class":70},[52,121592,121593,121595,121597],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121594,21068],{"class":58},[52,121596,63],{"class":62},[52,121598,44660],{"class":947},[52,121600,121601],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121602,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121604,121605,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617,121619,121621,121623,121625,121627,121629,121631,121633,121636],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121606,89437],{"class":58},[52,121608,63],{"class":62},[52,121610,35402],{"class":58},[52,121612,1497],{"class":62},[52,121614,83],{"class":70},[52,121616,4227],{"class":74},[52,121618,71],{"class":70},[52,121620,1893],{"class":62},[52,121622,48340],{"class":600},[52,121624,138],{"class":66},[52,121626,8747],{"class":117},[52,121628,3102],{"class":66},[52,121630,1893],{"class":62},[52,121632,83],{"class":70},[52,121634,121635],{"class":74}," years old.",[52,121637,2797],{"class":70},[52,121639,121640,121642,121644,121646],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121641,135],{"class":134},[52,121643,138],{"class":66},[52,121645,89454],{"class":117},[52,121647,144],{"class":66},[20,121649,121650],{},[30,121651,1509],{},[43,121653,121655],{"className":45,"code":121654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121656,121657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121658,121659,121662,121664,121666,121669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121660,121661],{"class":58},"Maya ",[52,121663,11637],{"class":62},[52,121665,8754],{"class":947},[52,121667,121668],{"class":58}," years old",[52,121670,121671],{"class":66},".\n",[20,121673,121674,121675,114],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[221,121676,89123],{"href":89122},[38,121678,121680,897,121682],{"id":121679},"str-vs-print",[15,121681,47119],{},[15,121683,45887],{},[20,121685,121686],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[163,121688,121689,121694],{},[166,121690,121691,121693],{},[15,121692,47119],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[166,121695,121696,121698],{},[15,121697,45887],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121700,267],{},[43,121702,121704],{"className":45,"code":121703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121705,121706,121714,121718,121732,121742,121756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121707,121708,121710,121712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121709,965],{"class":58},[52,121711,63],{"class":62},[52,121713,2208],{"class":947},[52,121715,121716],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121717,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121721,34120],{"class":58},[52,121723,63],{"class":62},[52,121725,48340],{"class":600},[52,121727,138],{"class":66},[52,121729,985],{"class":117},[52,121731,144],{"class":66},[52,121733,121734,121736,121738,121740],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121735,135],{"class":134},[52,121737,138],{"class":66},[52,121739,34141],{"class":117},[52,121741,144],{"class":66},[52,121743,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121745,135],{"class":134},[52,121747,138],{"class":66},[52,121749,1231],{"class":600},[52,121751,138],{"class":66},[52,121753,34141],{"class":117},[52,121755,1222],{"class":66},[52,121757,121758,121760,121762,121764,121766,121768],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,121759,135],{"class":134},[52,121761,138],{"class":66},[52,121763,1231],{"class":600},[52,121765,138],{"class":66},[52,121767,985],{"class":117},[52,121769,1222],{"class":66},[20,121771,121772],{},[30,121773,1509],{},[43,121775,121777],{"className":45,"code":121776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121778,121779,121783,121797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121780,121781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121782,46047],{"class":947},[52,121784,121785,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121786,2729],{"class":62},[52,121788,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121790,617],{"class":70},[52,121792,2882],{"class":74},[52,121794,608],{"class":70},[52,121796,2741],{"class":62},[52,121798,121799,121801,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121800,2729],{"class":62},[52,121802,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121804,617],{"class":70},[52,121806,1626],{"class":74},[52,121808,608],{"class":70},[52,121810,2741],{"class":62},[20,121812,121813],{},"Notice:",[163,121815,121816,121822,121827],{},[166,121817,121818,121821],{},[15,121819,121820],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[166,121823,121824,121826],{},[15,121825,45887],{}," only displayed values",[166,121828,121829,121831,121832,121834,121835,60737,121837],{},[15,121830,45887],{}," did not change ",[15,121833,985],{}," from ",[15,121836,1626],{},[15,121838,2882],{},[20,121840,121841,121842,114],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[221,121843,121844,1742],{"href":45884},[15,121845,45887],{},[38,121847,121849,897,121851,121854],{"id":121848},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121850,47119],{},[15,121852,121853],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121856,121857],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[163,121859,121860,121865],{},[166,121861,121862,121864],{},[15,121863,47119],{}," is the more readable text version",[166,121866,121867,121869],{},[15,121868,121853],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121871,121872,121873,121875],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121874,47119],{}," much more often.",[20,121877,121878,121879,121881],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121880,47119],{}," is usually the right choice.",[38,121883,3961],{"id":3960},[699,121885,25215,121887,121889],{"id":121886},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121888,47119],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121891,121892,121894],{},[15,121893,47119],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[43,121896,121898],{"className":45,"code":121897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121899,121900,121908,121922,121926,121936,121950,121960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121901,121902,121904,121906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121903,21068],{"class":58},[52,121905,63],{"class":62},[52,121907,44660],{"class":947},[52,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121911,34120],{"class":58},[52,121913,63],{"class":62},[52,121915,48340],{"class":600},[52,121917,138],{"class":66},[52,121919,8747],{"class":117},[52,121921,144],{"class":66},[52,121923,121924],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,121925,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,121927,121928,121930,121932,121934],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,121929,135],{"class":134},[52,121931,138],{"class":66},[52,121933,8747],{"class":117},[52,121935,144],{"class":66},[52,121937,121938,121940,121942,121944,121946,121948],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,121939,135],{"class":134},[52,121941,138],{"class":66},[52,121943,1231],{"class":600},[52,121945,138],{"class":66},[52,121947,8747],{"class":117},[52,121949,1222],{"class":66},[52,121951,121952,121954,121956,121958],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,121953,135],{"class":134},[52,121955,138],{"class":66},[52,121957,34141],{"class":117},[52,121959,144],{"class":66},[52,121961,121962,121964,121966,121968,121970,121972],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,121963,135],{"class":134},[52,121965,138],{"class":66},[52,121967,1231],{"class":600},[52,121969,138],{"class":66},[52,121971,34141],{"class":117},[52,121973,1222],{"class":66},[20,121975,121976],{},[30,121977,1509],{},[43,121979,121981],{"className":45,"code":121980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121982,121983,121987,122001,122005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121984,121985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121986,2148],{"class":947},[52,121988,121989,121991,121993,121995,121997,121999],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,121990,2729],{"class":62},[52,121992,2732],{"class":1503},[52,121994,617],{"class":70},[52,121996,1626],{"class":74},[52,121998,608],{"class":70},[52,122000,2741],{"class":62},[52,122002,122003],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,122004,2148],{"class":947},[52,122006,122007,122009,122011,122013,122015,122017],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122008,2729],{"class":62},[52,122010,2732],{"class":1503},[52,122012,617],{"class":70},[52,122014,2882],{"class":74},[52,122016,608],{"class":70},[52,122018,2741],{"class":62},[699,122020,122022],{"id":122021},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122024,6134],{},[43,122026,122028],{"className":45,"code":122027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122029,122030,122038],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122031,122032,122034,122036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122033,21068],{"class":58},[52,122035,63],{"class":62},[52,122037,44660],{"class":947},[52,122039,122040,122042,122044,122046,122048,122050],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122041,34120],{"class":58},[52,122043,63],{"class":62},[52,122045,48340],{"class":600},[52,122047,138],{"class":66},[52,122049,8747],{"class":117},[52,122051,144],{"class":66},[20,122053,122054],{},"But if you only do this:",[43,122056,122058],{"className":45,"code":122057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122059,122060,122068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122061,122062,122064,122066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122063,21068],{"class":58},[52,122065,63],{"class":62},[52,122067,44660],{"class":947},[52,122069,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122071,2882],{"class":600},[52,122073,138],{"class":66},[52,122075,8747],{"class":117},[52,122077,144],{"class":66},[20,122079,122080],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[699,122082,1185,122084,122086],{"id":122083},"using-str-too-early",[15,122085,47119],{}," too early",[20,122088,122089],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[43,122091,122093],{"className":45,"code":122092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122094,122095,122103,122118,122122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122096,122097,122099,122101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122098,39820],{"class":58},[52,122100,63],{"class":62},[52,122102,2026],{"class":947},[52,122104,122105,122108,122110,122112,122114,122116],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122106,122107],{"class":58},"text_price ",[52,122109,63],{"class":62},[52,122111,48340],{"class":600},[52,122113,138],{"class":66},[52,122115,24590],{"class":117},[52,122117,144],{"class":66},[52,122119,122120],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,122121,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,122123,122124],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122125,122126],{"class":3105},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122128,122129,122130,456,122134,122138],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[221,122131,122132],{"href":2313},[15,122133,2316],{},[221,122135,122136],{"href":2319},[15,122137,2322],{},", depending on the situation.",[699,122140,1174,122142,122145],{"id":122141},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122143,122144],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122147,64079],{},[43,122149,122151],{"className":45,"code":122150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122152,122153,122185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122154,122155,122157,122159,122161,122163,122165,122167,122169,122171,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122156,59],{"class":58},[52,122158,63],{"class":62},[52,122160,3063],{"class":66},[52,122162,71],{"class":70},[52,122164,75],{"class":74},[52,122166,71],{"class":70},[52,122168,80],{"class":66},[52,122170,83],{"class":70},[52,122172,86],{"class":74},[52,122174,71],{"class":70},[52,122176,80],{"class":66},[52,122178,83],{"class":70},[52,122180,32652],{"class":74},[52,122182,71],{"class":70},[52,122184,3076],{"class":66},[52,122186,122187,122189,122191,122193,122195,122197],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122188,135],{"class":134},[52,122190,138],{"class":66},[52,122192,2882],{"class":600},[52,122194,138],{"class":66},[52,122196,154],{"class":117},[52,122198,1222],{"class":66},[20,122200,122201],{},"prints:",[43,122203,122204],{"className":45,"code":72268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,122205,122206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122207,122208,122210,122212,122214,122216,122218,122220,122222,122224,122226,122228,122230,122232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122209,3344],{"class":66},[52,122211,608],{"class":70},[52,122213,75],{"class":74},[52,122215,608],{"class":70},[52,122217,80],{"class":66},[52,122219,617],{"class":70},[52,122221,86],{"class":74},[52,122223,608],{"class":70},[52,122225,80],{"class":66},[52,122227,617],{"class":70},[52,122229,32652],{"class":74},[52,122231,608],{"class":70},[52,122233,3076],{"class":66},[20,122235,122236],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[38,122238,16859],{"id":16858},[20,122240,122241,21415,122243,114],{},[15,122242,47119],{},[30,122244,122245],{},"new string",[20,122247,10900],{},[163,122249,122250,122253,122256],{},[166,122251,122252],{},"It always returns a string",[166,122254,122255],{},"It does not modify the original object",[166,122257,7210,122258,122262],{},[221,122259,122260],{"href":1738},[15,122261,1741],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122264,267],{},[43,122266,122268],{"className":45,"code":122267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122269,122270,122278,122293,122297,122308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122271,122272,122274,122276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122273,965],{"class":58},[52,122275,63],{"class":62},[52,122277,13570],{"class":947},[52,122279,122280,122283,122285,122287,122289,122291],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122281,122282],{"class":58},"converted ",[52,122284,63],{"class":62},[52,122286,48340],{"class":600},[52,122288,138],{"class":66},[52,122290,985],{"class":117},[52,122292,144],{"class":66},[52,122294,122295],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,122296,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,122298,122299,122301,122303,122306],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122300,135],{"class":134},[52,122302,138],{"class":66},[52,122304,122305],{"class":117},"converted",[52,122307,144],{"class":66},[52,122309,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,122311,135],{"class":134},[52,122313,138],{"class":66},[52,122315,1231],{"class":600},[52,122317,138],{"class":66},[52,122319,122305],{"class":117},[52,122321,1222],{"class":66},[20,122323,122324],{},[30,122325,1509],{},[43,122327,122329],{"className":45,"code":122328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122330,122331,122336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122332,122333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122334,122335],{"class":947},"99\n",[52,122337,122338,122340,122342,122344,122346,122348],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122339,2729],{"class":62},[52,122341,2732],{"class":1503},[52,122343,617],{"class":70},[52,122345,2882],{"class":74},[52,122347,608],{"class":70},[52,122349,2741],{"class":62},[38,122351,113011],{"id":113010},[20,122353,122354,122355,74247],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122356,47119],{},[163,122358,122359,122362,122365,122370],{},[166,122360,122361],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[166,122363,122364],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[166,122366,1185,122367,122369],{},[15,122368,47119],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[166,122371,122372],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122374,122375,122376,114],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[221,122377,25120,122378],{"href":89835},[15,122379,89836],{},[38,122381,122383],{"id":122382},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122385,122386],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[43,122388,122390],{"className":45,"code":122389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122391,122392,122400,122404,122414,122428,122432,122446,122456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122393,122394,122396,122398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122395,965],{"class":58},[52,122397,63],{"class":62},[52,122399,44660],{"class":947},[52,122401,122402],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122403,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,122405,122406,122408,122410,122412],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,122407,135],{"class":134},[52,122409,138],{"class":66},[52,122411,985],{"class":117},[52,122413,144],{"class":66},[52,122415,122416,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122417,135],{"class":134},[52,122419,138],{"class":66},[52,122421,1231],{"class":600},[52,122423,138],{"class":66},[52,122425,985],{"class":117},[52,122427,1222],{"class":66},[52,122429,122430],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,122431,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,122433,122434,122436,122438,122440,122442,122444],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,122435,122282],{"class":58},[52,122437,63],{"class":62},[52,122439,48340],{"class":600},[52,122441,138],{"class":66},[52,122443,985],{"class":117},[52,122445,144],{"class":66},[52,122447,122448,122450,122452,122454],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,122449,135],{"class":134},[52,122451,138],{"class":66},[52,122453,122305],{"class":117},[52,122455,144],{"class":66},[52,122457,122458,122460,122462,122464,122466,122468],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,122459,135],{"class":134},[52,122461,138],{"class":66},[52,122463,1231],{"class":600},[52,122465,138],{"class":66},[52,122467,122305],{"class":117},[52,122469,1222],{"class":66},[20,122471,122472,122473,1627,122475,122477,122478,114],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122474,1626],{},[15,122476,1630],{},", or another type into ",[15,122479,2882],{},[38,122481,1273],{"id":1272},[699,122483,4586,122485,4589],{"id":122484},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122486,47119],{},[20,122488,122489],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[699,122491,1277,122493,122495],{"id":122492},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122494,47119],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122497,122498],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[699,122500,4614,122502,122504],{"id":122501},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122503,47119],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122506,122507],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[699,122509,94021,122511,122513],{"id":122510},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122512,47119],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122515,122516],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[699,122518,14343,122520,56641,122522,1293],{"id":122519},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122521,47119],{},[15,122523,45887],{},[20,122525,45800,122526,122528,122529,122531],{},[15,122527,47119],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122530,45887],{}," shows output.",[38,122533,1332],{"id":1331},[163,122535,122536,122542,122548,122554,122560,122569,122573],{},[166,122537,122538],{},[221,122539,122540,2948],{"href":45884},[15,122541,45887],{},[166,122543,122544],{},[221,122545,122546,2948],{"href":1738},[15,122547,1741],{},[166,122549,122550],{},[221,122551,122552,2948],{"href":2313},[15,122553,2316],{},[166,122555,122556],{},[221,122557,122558,2948],{"href":2319},[15,122559,2322],{},[166,122561,122562],{},[221,122563,122565,122566,122568],{"href":122564},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122567,1626],{}," to string in Python",[166,122570,122571],{},[221,122572,90113],{"href":89122},[166,122574,122575],{},[221,122576,29777,122577],{"href":89835},[15,122578,89836],{},[1364,122580,122581],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":122583},[122584,122585,122587,122588,122594,122596,122598,122600,122609,122610,122611,122612,122624],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":121002,"depth":103,"text":122586},"What str() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":121169,"depth":103,"text":121170,"children":122589},[122590,122591,122592,122593],{"id":121173,"depth":124,"text":121174},{"id":121259,"depth":124,"text":121260},{"id":121346,"depth":124,"text":121347},{"id":121432,"depth":124,"text":121433},{"id":121548,"depth":103,"text":122595},"When to use str()",{"id":121679,"depth":103,"text":122597},"str() vs print()",{"id":121848,"depth":103,"text":122599},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":122601},[122602,122604,122605,122607],{"id":121886,"depth":124,"text":122603},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122021,"depth":124,"text":122022},{"id":122083,"depth":124,"text":122606},"Using str() too early",{"id":122141,"depth":124,"text":122608},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":113010,"depth":103,"text":113011},{"id":122382,"depth":103,"text":122383},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":122613},[122614,122616,122618,122620,122622],{"id":122484,"depth":124,"text":122615},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122492,"depth":124,"text":122617},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122501,"depth":124,"text":122619},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122510,"depth":124,"text":122621},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122519,"depth":124,"text":122623},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41610,"description":122625},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122632,"title":122633,"body":122634,"description":124087,"extension":1401,"meta":124088,"navigation":127,"path":124089,"seo":124090,"stem":124091,"__hash__":124092},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122635,"toc":124049},[122636,122642,122648,122651,122673,122675,122737,122739,122752,122758,122763,122768,122770,122783,122794,122796,122823,122825,122842,122849,122860,122862,122867,122869,122881,122889,122898,122900,122903,122956,122958,122966,122974,122978,122983,123023,123025,123033,123036,123038,123078,123080,123088,123098,123104,123107,123180,123182,123195,123199,123204,123232,123235,123270,123272,123280,123283,123287,123291,123293,123309,123311,123351,123353,123361,123370,123413,123415,123423,123425,123429,123435,123438,123478,123480,123488,123493,123496,123539,123543,123546,123581,123586,123588,123627,123637,123645,123655,123663,123667,123672,123674,123715,123717,123725,123730,123733,123736,123754,123760,123764,123769,123772,123812,123814,123819,123918,123921,123937,123939,123958,123960,123967,123970,123976,123979,123985,123989,123995,123998,124004,124007,124009,124046],[10,122637,122639,122640,18],{"id":122638},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122641,56726],{},[20,122643,122644,122645,122647],{},"The Python string ",[15,122646,56726],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122649,122650],{},"This reference page explains:",[163,122652,122653,122657,122660,122662,122670],{},[166,122654,25459,122655,197],{},[15,122656,56726],{},[166,122658,122659],{},"its syntax",[166,122661,34827],{},[166,122663,122664,122665,803,122667,122669],{},"how ",[15,122666,35506],{},[15,122668,52098],{}," work",[166,122671,122672],{},"common beginner mistakes",[38,122674,41],{"id":40},[43,122676,122678],{"className":45,"code":122677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122679,122680,122692,122714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122681,122682,122684,122686,122688,122690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122683,34120],{"class":58},[52,122685,63],{"class":62},[52,122687,83],{"class":70},[52,122689,86],{"class":74},[52,122691,2797],{"class":70},[52,122693,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702,122704,122706,122708,122710,122712],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122695,135],{"class":134},[52,122697,138],{"class":66},[52,122699,34141],{"class":117},[52,122701,114],{"class":66},[52,122703,40693],{"class":117},[52,122705,138],{"class":66},[52,122707,71],{"class":70},[52,122709,221],{"class":74},[52,122711,71],{"class":70},[52,122713,1222],{"class":66},[52,122715,122716,122718,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730,122733,122735],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,122717,135],{"class":134},[52,122719,138],{"class":66},[52,122721,34141],{"class":117},[52,122723,114],{"class":66},[52,122725,40693],{"class":117},[52,122727,138],{"class":66},[52,122729,71],{"class":70},[52,122731,122732],{"class":74},"na",[52,122734,71],{"class":70},[52,122736,1222],{"class":66},[20,122738,1509],{},[43,122740,122742],{"className":45,"code":122741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\n",[15,122743,122744,122748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122745,122746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122747,46052],{"class":947},[52,122749,122750],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122751,16496],{"class":947},[20,122753,799,122754,122757],{},[15,122755,122756],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[38,122759,12439,122761,12442],{"id":122760},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122762,56726],{},[20,122764,122765,122767],{},[15,122766,56726],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122769,247],{},[163,122771,122772,122775,122778,122780],{},[166,122773,122774],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[166,122776,122777],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[166,122779,43093],{},[166,122781,122782],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122784,122785,122786,122788,122789,1627,122791,122793],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122787,17535],{}," characters are in ",[15,122790,64710],{},[15,122792,56726],{}," is a simple choice.",[38,122795,228],{"id":227},[43,122797,122799],{"className":45,"code":122798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122800,122801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122802,122803,122805,122807,122809,122811,122813,122815,122817,122819,122821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122804,60610],{"class":58},[52,122806,114],{"class":66},[52,122808,40693],{"class":117},[52,122810,138],{"class":66},[52,122812,985],{"class":117},[52,122814,80],{"class":66},[52,122816,35485],{"class":117},[52,122818,80],{"class":66},[52,122820,64476],{"class":117},[52,122822,144],{"class":66},[699,122824,16835],{"id":16834},[163,122826,122827,122832,122837],{},[166,122828,122829,122831],{},[15,122830,985],{},": the text to search for",[166,122833,122834,122836],{},[15,122835,35506],{},": optional; where counting begins",[166,122838,122839,122841],{},[15,122840,52098],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122843,122844,803,122846,122848],{},[15,122845,35506],{},[15,122847,52098],{}," work like slice positions:",[163,122850,122851,122856],{},[166,122852,122853,122855],{},[15,122854,35506],{}," is included",[166,122857,122858,75173],{},[15,122859,52098],{},[38,122861,16859],{"id":16858},[20,122863,122864,122866],{},[15,122865,56726],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122868,1564],{},[163,122870,122871,122876],{},[166,122872,122873,122874],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122875,1500],{},[166,122877,122878,122879],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122880,1558],{},[20,122882,40339,122883,4605,122885,456,122887,114],{},[30,122884,32],{},[15,122886,3044],{},[15,122888,3116],{},[20,122890,122891,122892,122897],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[221,122893,122895,101024],{"href":122894},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122896,3326],{}," is often a better fit.",[38,122899,10917],{"id":10916},[20,122901,122902],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[43,122904,122906],{"className":45,"code":122905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,122907,122908,122920,122942,122946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122909,122910,122912,122914,122916,122918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122911,34120],{"class":58},[52,122913,63],{"class":62},[52,122915,83],{"class":70},[52,122917,75],{"class":74},[52,122919,2797],{"class":70},[52,122921,122922,122924,122926,122928,122930,122932,122934,122936,122938,122940],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,122923,1668],{"class":58},[52,122925,63],{"class":62},[52,122927,42276],{"class":58},[52,122929,114],{"class":66},[52,122931,40693],{"class":117},[52,122933,138],{"class":66},[52,122935,71],{"class":70},[52,122937,20],{"class":74},[52,122939,71],{"class":70},[52,122941,144],{"class":66},[52,122943,122944],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,122945,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,122947,122948,122950,122952,122954],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,122949,135],{"class":134},[52,122951,138],{"class":66},[52,122953,1703],{"class":117},[52,122955,144],{"class":66},[20,122957,1509],{},[43,122959,122960],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,122961,122962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122963,122964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122965,16496],{"class":947},[20,122967,63255,122968,122971,122972,114],{},[15,122969,122970],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,122973,57269],{},[38,122975,122977],{"id":122976},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,122979,122980,122982],{},[15,122981,56726],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[43,122984,122986],{"className":45,"code":122985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,122987,122988,123001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122989,122990,122992,122994,122996,122999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122991,34120],{"class":58},[52,122993,63],{"class":62},[52,122995,83],{"class":70},[52,122997,122998],{"class":74},"cat dog cat bird cat",[52,123000,2797],{"class":70},[52,123002,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017,123019,123021],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123004,135],{"class":134},[52,123006,138],{"class":66},[52,123008,34141],{"class":117},[52,123010,114],{"class":66},[52,123012,40693],{"class":117},[52,123014,138],{"class":66},[52,123016,71],{"class":70},[52,123018,488],{"class":74},[52,123020,71],{"class":70},[52,123022,1222],{"class":66},[20,123024,1509],{},[43,123026,123027],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123028,123029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123030,123031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123032,46052],{"class":947},[20,123034,123035],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123037,267],{},[43,123039,123041],{"className":45,"code":123040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123042,123043,123056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123044,123045,123047,123049,123051,123054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123046,34120],{"class":58},[52,123048,63],{"class":62},[52,123050,83],{"class":70},[52,123052,123053],{"class":74},"one One one",[52,123055,2797],{"class":70},[52,123057,123058,123060,123062,123064,123066,123068,123070,123072,123074,123076],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123059,135],{"class":134},[52,123061,138],{"class":66},[52,123063,34141],{"class":117},[52,123065,114],{"class":66},[52,123067,40693],{"class":117},[52,123069,138],{"class":66},[52,123071,71],{"class":70},[52,123073,6031],{"class":74},[52,123075,71],{"class":70},[52,123077,1222],{"class":66},[20,123079,1509],{},[43,123081,123082],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123083,123084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123085,123086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123087,16496],{"class":947},[20,123089,123090,123091,123094,123095,123097],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123092,123093],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123096,56726],{}," is case-sensitive.",[38,123099,1185,123100,803,123102],{"id":64842},[15,123101,35506],{},[15,123103,52098],{},[20,123105,123106],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[43,123108,123110],{"className":45,"code":123109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123111,123112,123124,123150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123113,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123115,34120],{"class":58},[52,123117,63],{"class":62},[52,123119,83],{"class":70},[52,123121,86],{"class":74},[52,123123,2797],{"class":70},[52,123125,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136,123138,123140,123142,123144,123146,123148],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123127,135],{"class":134},[52,123129,138],{"class":66},[52,123131,34141],{"class":117},[52,123133,114],{"class":66},[52,123135,40693],{"class":117},[52,123137,138],{"class":66},[52,123139,71],{"class":70},[52,123141,221],{"class":74},[52,123143,71],{"class":70},[52,123145,80],{"class":66},[52,123147,953],{"class":947},[52,123149,1222],{"class":66},[52,123151,123152,123154,123156,123158,123160,123162,123164,123166,123168,123170,123172,123174,123176,123178],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,123153,135],{"class":134},[52,123155,138],{"class":66},[52,123157,34141],{"class":117},[52,123159,114],{"class":66},[52,123161,40693],{"class":117},[52,123163,138],{"class":66},[52,123165,71],{"class":70},[52,123167,221],{"class":74},[52,123169,71],{"class":70},[52,123171,80],{"class":66},[52,123173,953],{"class":947},[52,123175,80],{"class":66},[52,123177,4048],{"class":947},[52,123179,1222],{"class":66},[20,123181,1509],{},[43,123183,123185],{"className":45,"code":123184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n1\n",[15,123186,123187,123191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123188,123189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123190,16496],{"class":947},[52,123192,123193],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123194,46352],{"class":947},[699,123196,123198],{"id":123197},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123200,123201,123202,202],{},"In ",[15,123203,64710],{},[163,123205,123206,123214,123222],{},[166,123207,70399,123208,123210,123211],{},[15,123209,1047],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123212,123213],{},"\"n\"",[166,123215,123216,123219,123220,75471],{},[15,123217,123218],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123221,1047],{},[166,123223,123224,123219,123227,123229,123230],{},[15,123225,123226],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123228,1047],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123231,1131],{},[20,123233,123234],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[43,123236,123238],{"className":45,"code":123237,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123239,123240,123252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123241,123242,123244,123246,123248,123250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123243,34120],{"class":58},[52,123245,63],{"class":62},[52,123247,83],{"class":70},[52,123249,86],{"class":74},[52,123251,2797],{"class":70},[52,123253,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264,123266,123268],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123255,135],{"class":134},[52,123257,138],{"class":66},[52,123259,34141],{"class":117},[52,123261,3344],{"class":66},[52,123263,1047],{"class":947},[52,123265,202],{"class":66},[52,123267,1131],{"class":947},[52,123269,3332],{"class":66},[20,123271,1509],{},[43,123273,123274],{"className":45,"code":40902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123275,123276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123277,123278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123279,40902],{"class":58},[20,123281,123282],{},"Only that section is searched.",[38,123284,123286],{"id":123285},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123288,123289,123097],{},[15,123290,56726],{},[20,123292,360],{},[163,123294,123295,123303],{},[166,123296,123297,803,123299,123302],{},[15,123298,17535],{},[15,123300,123301],{},"\"A\""," are different",[166,123304,123305,803,123307,123302],{},[15,123306,63970],{},[15,123308,89848],{},[20,123310,267],{},[43,123312,123314],{"className":45,"code":123313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123315,123316,123329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123317,123318,123320,123322,123324,123327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123319,34120],{"class":58},[52,123321,63],{"class":62},[52,123323,83],{"class":70},[52,123325,123326],{"class":74},"Apple apple APPLE",[52,123328,2797],{"class":70},[52,123330,123331,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345,123347,123349],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123332,135],{"class":134},[52,123334,138],{"class":66},[52,123336,34141],{"class":117},[52,123338,114],{"class":66},[52,123340,40693],{"class":117},[52,123342,138],{"class":66},[52,123344,71],{"class":70},[52,123346,75],{"class":74},[52,123348,71],{"class":70},[52,123350,1222],{"class":66},[20,123352,1509],{},[43,123354,123355],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123356,123357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123358,123359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123360,46352],{"class":947},[20,123362,123363,123364,202],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[221,123365,123367],{"href":123366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123368,123369],{},"lower()",[43,123371,123373],{"className":45,"code":123372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123374,123375,123387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123376,123377,123379,123381,123383,123385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123378,34120],{"class":58},[52,123380,63],{"class":62},[52,123382,83],{"class":70},[52,123384,123326],{"class":74},[52,123386,2797],{"class":70},[52,123388,123389,123391,123393,123395,123397,123399,123401,123403,123405,123407,123409,123411],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123390,135],{"class":134},[52,123392,138],{"class":66},[52,123394,34141],{"class":117},[52,123396,114],{"class":66},[52,123398,8087],{"class":117},[52,123400,8084],{"class":66},[52,123402,40693],{"class":117},[52,123404,138],{"class":66},[52,123406,71],{"class":70},[52,123408,75],{"class":74},[52,123410,71],{"class":70},[52,123412,1222],{"class":66},[20,123414,1509],{},[43,123416,123417],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123418,123419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123420,123421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123422,46052],{"class":947},[38,123424,1158],{"id":1157},[20,123426,22535,123427,114],{},[15,123428,56726],{},[699,123430,1174,123432,123434],{"id":123431},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123433,56726],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123436,123437],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[43,123439,123441],{"className":45,"code":123440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123442,123443,123456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123444,123445,123447,123449,123451,123454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123446,34120],{"class":58},[52,123448,63],{"class":62},[52,123450,83],{"class":70},[52,123452,123453],{"class":74},"Aardvark",[52,123455,2797],{"class":70},[52,123457,123458,123460,123462,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472,123474,123476],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123459,135],{"class":134},[52,123461,138],{"class":66},[52,123463,34141],{"class":117},[52,123465,114],{"class":66},[52,123467,40693],{"class":117},[52,123469,138],{"class":66},[52,123471,71],{"class":70},[52,123473,221],{"class":74},[52,123475,71],{"class":70},[52,123477,1222],{"class":66},[20,123479,1509],{},[43,123481,123482],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123483,123484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123485,123486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123487,16496],{"class":947},[20,123489,123090,123490,123492],{},[15,123491,123301],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123494,123495],{},"If needed, convert first:",[43,123497,123499],{"className":45,"code":123498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123500,123501,123513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123502,123503,123505,123507,123509,123511],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123504,34120],{"class":58},[52,123506,63],{"class":62},[52,123508,83],{"class":70},[52,123510,123453],{"class":74},[52,123512,2797],{"class":70},[52,123514,123515,123517,123519,123521,123523,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123516,135],{"class":134},[52,123518,138],{"class":66},[52,123520,34141],{"class":117},[52,123522,114],{"class":66},[52,123524,8087],{"class":117},[52,123526,8084],{"class":66},[52,123528,40693],{"class":117},[52,123530,138],{"class":66},[52,123532,71],{"class":70},[52,123534,221],{"class":74},[52,123536,71],{"class":70},[52,123538,1222],{"class":66},[699,123540,123542],{"id":123541},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123544,123545],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[43,123547,123549],{"className":45,"code":123548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123550,123551,123563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123552,123553,123555,123557,123559,123561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123554,34120],{"class":58},[52,123556,63],{"class":62},[52,123558,83],{"class":70},[52,123560,86],{"class":74},[52,123562,2797],{"class":70},[52,123564,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123566,135],{"class":134},[52,123568,138],{"class":66},[52,123570,34141],{"class":117},[52,123572,114],{"class":66},[52,123574,40693],{"class":117},[52,123576,138],{"class":66},[52,123578,221],{"class":117},[52,123580,1222],{"class":66},[20,123582,123583,123584,114],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123585,221],{},[20,123587,10252],{},[43,123589,123591],{"className":45,"code":123590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123592,123593,123605],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123594,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123596,34120],{"class":58},[52,123598,63],{"class":62},[52,123600,83],{"class":70},[52,123602,86],{"class":74},[52,123604,2797],{"class":70},[52,123606,123607,123609,123611,123613,123615,123617,123619,123621,123623,123625],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123608,135],{"class":134},[52,123610,138],{"class":66},[52,123612,34141],{"class":117},[52,123614,114],{"class":66},[52,123616,40693],{"class":117},[52,123618,138],{"class":66},[52,123620,71],{"class":70},[52,123622,221],{"class":74},[52,123624,71],{"class":70},[52,123626,1222],{"class":66},[699,123628,36636,123630,8151,123632,456,123635],{"id":123629},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123631,56726],{},[15,123633,123634],{},"find()",[15,123636,58403],{},[20,123638,799,123639,123641,123642,114],{},[15,123640,56726],{}," when you need the ",[30,123643,123644],{},"number of matches",[20,123646,799,123647,123641,123652,123654],{},[221,123648,123650],{"href":123649},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123651,123634],{},[30,123653,64382],{}," of the first match.",[20,123656,799,123657,123662],{},[221,123658,123660],{"href":123659},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123661,58403],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[699,123664,123666],{"id":123665},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123668,123669,123671],{},[15,123670,56726],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123673,267],{},[43,123675,123677],{"className":45,"code":123676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123678,123679,123692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123680,123681,123683,123685,123687,123690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123682,34120],{"class":58},[52,123684,63],{"class":62},[52,123686,83],{"class":70},[52,123688,123689],{"class":74},"aaaa",[52,123691,2797],{"class":70},[52,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123711,123713],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123695,135],{"class":134},[52,123697,138],{"class":66},[52,123699,34141],{"class":117},[52,123701,114],{"class":66},[52,123703,40693],{"class":117},[52,123705,138],{"class":66},[52,123707,71],{"class":70},[52,123709,123710],{"class":74},"aa",[52,123712,71],{"class":70},[52,123714,1222],{"class":66},[20,123716,1509],{},[43,123718,123719],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123720,123721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123722,123723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123724,16496],{"class":947},[20,123726,123727,123728,114],{},"It does not return ",[15,123729,1500],{},[20,123731,123732],{},"Why not?",[20,123734,123735],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[163,123737,123738,123747],{},[166,123739,123740,123743,123744],{},[15,123741,123742],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123745,123746],{},"0-1",[166,123748,123749,123743,123751],{},[15,123750,123742],{},[15,123752,123753],{},"2-3",[20,123755,123756,123757,114],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123758,123759],{},"1-2",[38,123761,894,123762],{"id":57808},[15,123763,56726],{},[20,123765,799,123766,123768],{},[15,123767,56726],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123770,123771],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[163,123773,123774,123783,123793,123803],{},[166,123775,799,123776,123778,123779,123782],{},[15,123777,56726],{}," when you need ",[30,123780,123781],{},"how many times"," something appears",[166,123784,799,123785,123778,123789,123792],{},[221,123786,123787],{"href":123649},[15,123788,123634],{},[30,123790,123791],{},"where"," it appears",[166,123794,47246,123795,123799,123800],{},[221,123796,123797,101024],{"href":122894},[15,123798,3326],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,123801,123802],{},"if it exists",[166,123804,799,123805,123811],{},[221,123806,123808],{"href":123807},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123809,123810],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[38,123813,25383],{"id":25382},[20,123815,8322,123816,123818],{},[15,123817,56726],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[43,123820,123822],{"className":45,"code":123821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123823,123824,123834,123848,123870,123896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123825,123826,123828,123830,123832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123827,135],{"class":134},[52,123829,138],{"class":66},[52,123831,34141],{"class":117},[52,123833,144],{"class":66},[52,123835,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,123837,135],{"class":134},[52,123839,138],{"class":66},[52,123841,1231],{"class":600},[52,123843,138],{"class":66},[52,123845,34141],{"class":117},[52,123847,1222],{"class":66},[52,123849,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,123851,135],{"class":134},[52,123853,138],{"class":66},[52,123855,34141],{"class":117},[52,123857,114],{"class":66},[52,123859,40693],{"class":117},[52,123861,138],{"class":66},[52,123863,71],{"class":70},[52,123865,221],{"class":74},[52,123867,71],{"class":70},[52,123869,1222],{"class":66},[52,123871,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884,123886,123888,123890,123892,123894],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,123873,135],{"class":134},[52,123875,138],{"class":66},[52,123877,34141],{"class":117},[52,123879,114],{"class":66},[52,123881,8087],{"class":117},[52,123883,8084],{"class":66},[52,123885,40693],{"class":117},[52,123887,138],{"class":66},[52,123889,71],{"class":70},[52,123891,221],{"class":74},[52,123893,71],{"class":70},[52,123895,1222],{"class":66},[52,123897,123898,123900,123902,123904,123906,123908,123910,123912,123914,123916],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,123899,135],{"class":134},[52,123901,138],{"class":66},[52,123903,34141],{"class":117},[52,123905,114],{"class":66},[52,123907,40693],{"class":117},[52,123909,138],{"class":66},[52,123911,71],{"class":70},[52,123913,122732],{"class":74},[52,123915,71],{"class":70},[52,123917,1222],{"class":66},[20,123919,123920],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[163,123922,123923,123926,123931,123934],{},[166,123924,123925],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[166,123927,123928,123930],{},[15,123929,34141],{}," not being a string",[166,123932,123933],{},"counting the wrong substring",[166,123935,123936],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,123938,58297],{},[163,123940,123941,123944,123947,123950],{},[166,123942,123943],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[166,123945,123946],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[166,123948,123949],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[166,123951,49928,123952,1312,123954,456,123956,72743],{},[15,123953,56726],{},[15,123955,123634],{},[15,123957,3326],{},[38,123959,1273],{"id":1272},[699,123961,123963,123964,123966],{"id":123962},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,123965,56726],{}," change the original string?",[20,123968,123969],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[699,123971,14343,123973,123975],{"id":123972},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,123974,56726],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,123977,123978],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[699,123980,4586,123982,123984],{"id":123981},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,123983,56726],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,123986,4592,123987,114],{},[15,123988,1558],{},[699,123990,4614,123992,123994],{"id":123991},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,123993,56726],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,123996,123997],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[699,123999,1277,124001,124003],{"id":124000},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124002,56726],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124005,124006],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[38,124008,1332],{"id":1331},[163,124010,124011,124018,124025,124032,124039],{},[166,124012,124013],{},[221,124014,124015],{"href":123649},[15,124016,124017],{},"Python string find() method",[166,124019,124020],{},[221,124021,124022],{"href":123659},[15,124023,124024],{},"Python string index() method",[166,124026,124027],{},[221,124028,124029],{"href":123366},[15,124030,124031],{},"Python string lower() method",[166,124033,124034],{},[221,124035,124036],{"href":122894},[15,124037,124038],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[166,124040,124041],{},[221,124042,124043],{"href":123807},[15,124044,124045],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1364,124047,124048],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":124050},[124051,124052,124054,124057,124058,124059,124060,124063,124064,124072,124073,124074,124086],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":122760,"depth":103,"text":124053},"What the count() method does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":124055},[124056],{"id":16834,"depth":124,"text":16835},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":122976,"depth":103,"text":122977},{"id":64842,"depth":103,"text":65625,"children":124061},[124062],{"id":123197,"depth":124,"text":123198},{"id":123285,"depth":103,"text":123286},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":124065},[124066,124068,124069,124071],{"id":123431,"depth":124,"text":124067},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123541,"depth":124,"text":123542},{"id":123629,"depth":124,"text":124070},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123665,"depth":124,"text":123666},{"id":57808,"depth":103,"text":58439},{"id":25382,"depth":103,"text":25383},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":124075},[124076,124078,124080,124082,124084],{"id":123962,"depth":124,"text":124077},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":123972,"depth":124,"text":124079},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":123981,"depth":124,"text":124081},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":123991,"depth":124,"text":124083},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124000,"depth":124,"text":124085},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122633,"description":124087},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124094,"title":124095,"body":124096,"description":125681,"extension":1401,"meta":125682,"navigation":127,"path":125683,"seo":125684,"stem":125685,"__hash__":125686},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124097,"toc":125654},[124098,124101,124104,124201,124210,124212,124231,124235,124238,124241,124254,124257,124286,124291,124296,124354,124356,124389,124395,124399,124402,124405,124434,124437,124464,124467,124470,124474,124477,124484,124547,124549,124567,124570,124574,124577,124580,124622,124625,124669,124672,124675,124679,124684,124687,124730,124732,124755,124758,124791,124794,124843,124853,124857,124860,124863,124892,124895,124906,124908,124967,124970,124974,124977,124980,124995,125004,125007,125041,125044,125071,125074,125081,125083,125086,125088,125091,125105,125114,125116,125143,125147,125150,125164,125167,125226,125230,125233,125260,125263,125290,125298,125301,125361,125363,125396,125400,125403,125422,125427,125476,125481,125483,125486,125545,125563,125565,125569,125577,125581,125584,125588,125594,125598,125608,125612,125615,125617,125651],[10,124099,124095],{"id":124100},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124102,124103],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[43,124105,124107],{"className":45,"code":124106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124108,124109,124121,124133,124142,124156,124160,124170,124180,124191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124110,124111,124113,124115,124117,124119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124112,7323],{"class":58},[52,124114,63],{"class":62},[52,124116,83],{"class":70},[52,124118,4447],{"class":74},[52,124120,2797],{"class":70},[52,124122,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124124,89437],{"class":58},[52,124126,63],{"class":62},[52,124128,617],{"class":70},[52,124130,34299],{"class":74},[52,124132,689],{"class":70},[52,124134,124135,124138,124140],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124136,124137],{"class":58},"empty ",[52,124139,63],{"class":62},[52,124141,7328],{"class":70},[52,124143,124144,124146,124148,124150,124152,124154],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124145,34120],{"class":58},[52,124147,63],{"class":62},[52,124149,48340],{"class":600},[52,124151,138],{"class":66},[52,124153,49682],{"class":947},[52,124155,144],{"class":66},[52,124157,124158],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,124159,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124161,124162,124164,124166,124168],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,124163,135],{"class":134},[52,124165,138],{"class":66},[52,124167,7115],{"class":117},[52,124169,144],{"class":66},[52,124171,124172,124174,124176,124178],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,124173,135],{"class":134},[52,124175,138],{"class":66},[52,124177,89454],{"class":117},[52,124179,144],{"class":66},[52,124181,124182,124184,124186,124189],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,124183,135],{"class":134},[52,124185,138],{"class":66},[52,124187,124188],{"class":117},"empty",[52,124190,144],{"class":66},[52,124192,124193,124195,124197,124199],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,124194,135],{"class":134},[52,124196,138],{"class":66},[52,124198,34141],{"class":117},[52,124200,144],{"class":66},[20,124202,124203,124206,124207,124209],{},[30,124204,124205],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124208,47119],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[38,124211,14603],{"id":14602},[163,124213,124214,124217,124220,124223,124228],{},[166,124215,124216],{},"What a string is in Python",[166,124218,124219],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[166,124221,124222],{},"How to create an empty string",[166,124224,124225,124226],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124227,47119],{},[166,124229,124230],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[38,124232,124234],{"id":124233},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124236,124237],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124239,124240],{},"Strings can contain:",[163,124242,124243,124246,124248,124251],{},[166,124244,124245],{},"Letters",[166,124247,55897],{},[166,124249,124250],{},"Spaces",[166,124252,124253],{},"Symbols",[20,124255,124256],{},"Examples of strings:",[43,124258,124260],{"className":45,"code":124259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124261,124262,124270,124278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124263,124264,124266,124268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124265,71],{"class":42763},[52,124267,3288],{"class":42767},[52,124269,2797],{"class":42763},[52,124271,124272,124274,124276],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124273,71],{"class":42763},[52,124275,49682],{"class":42767},[52,124277,2797],{"class":42763},[52,124279,124280,124282,124284],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124281,71],{"class":42763},[52,124283,88579],{"class":42767},[52,124285,2797],{"class":42763},[20,124287,20417,124288,124290],{},[15,124289,49732],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124292,124293,124294,202],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124295,1741],{},[43,124297,124299],{"className":45,"code":124298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124300,124301,124313,124322,124326,124340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124302,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124304,34120],{"class":58},[52,124306,63],{"class":62},[52,124308,83],{"class":70},[52,124310,49682],{"class":74},[52,124312,2797],{"class":70},[52,124314,124315,124317,124319],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124316,1655],{"class":58},[52,124318,63],{"class":62},[52,124320,124321],{"class":947}," 123\n",[52,124323,124324],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124325,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124327,124328,124330,124332,124334,124336,124338],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124329,135],{"class":134},[52,124331,138],{"class":66},[52,124333,1231],{"class":600},[52,124335,138],{"class":66},[52,124337,34141],{"class":117},[52,124339,1222],{"class":66},[52,124341,124342,124344,124346,124348,124350,124352],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,124343,135],{"class":134},[52,124345,138],{"class":66},[52,124347,1231],{"class":600},[52,124349,138],{"class":66},[52,124351,1678],{"class":117},[52,124353,1222],{"class":66},[20,124355,1509],{},[43,124357,124359],{"className":45,"code":124358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124360,124361,124375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124362,124363,124365,124367,124369,124371,124373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124364,2729],{"class":62},[52,124366,2732],{"class":1503},[52,124368,617],{"class":70},[52,124370,2882],{"class":74},[52,124372,608],{"class":70},[52,124374,2741],{"class":62},[52,124376,124377,124379,124381,124383,124385,124387],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124378,2729],{"class":62},[52,124380,2732],{"class":1503},[52,124382,617],{"class":70},[52,124384,1626],{"class":74},[52,124386,608],{"class":70},[52,124388,2741],{"class":62},[20,124390,124391,124392,114],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[221,124393,124394],{"href":50412},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[38,124396,124398],{"id":124397},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124400,124401],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124403,124404],{},"You can use single quotes:",[43,124406,124408],{"className":45,"code":124407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124409,124410,124423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124411,124412,124415,124417,124419,124421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124413,124414],{"class":58},"greeting ",[52,124416,63],{"class":62},[52,124418,617],{"class":70},[52,124420,3288],{"class":74},[52,124422,689],{"class":70},[52,124424,124425,124427,124429,124432],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124426,135],{"class":134},[52,124428,138],{"class":66},[52,124430,124431],{"class":117},"greeting",[52,124433,144],{"class":66},[20,124435,124436],{},"Or double quotes:",[43,124438,124440],{"className":45,"code":124439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124441,124442,124454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124443,124444,124446,124448,124450,124452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124445,124414],{"class":58},[52,124447,63],{"class":62},[52,124449,83],{"class":70},[52,124451,3288],{"class":74},[52,124453,2797],{"class":70},[52,124455,124456,124458,124460,124462],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124457,135],{"class":134},[52,124459,138],{"class":66},[52,124461,124431],{"class":117},[52,124463,144],{"class":66},[20,124465,124466],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124468,124469],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[38,124471,124473],{"id":124472},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124475,124476],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124478,124479,124480,456,124482,202],{},"Use either ",[15,124481,5719],{},[15,124483,3215],{},[43,124485,124487],{"className":45,"code":124486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124488,124489,124498,124507,124511,124522,124533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124490,124491,124494,124496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124492,124493],{"class":58},"empty1 ",[52,124495,63],{"class":62},[52,124497,7328],{"class":70},[52,124499,124500,124503,124505],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124501,124502],{"class":58},"empty2 ",[52,124504,63],{"class":62},[52,124506,46931],{"class":70},[52,124508,124509],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124510,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124512,124513,124515,124517,124520],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124514,135],{"class":134},[52,124516,138],{"class":66},[52,124518,124519],{"class":117},"empty1",[52,124521,144],{"class":66},[52,124523,124524,124526,124528,124531],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,124525,135],{"class":134},[52,124527,138],{"class":66},[52,124529,124530],{"class":117},"empty2",[52,124532,144],{"class":66},[52,124534,124535,124537,124539,124541,124543,124545],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,124536,135],{"class":134},[52,124538,138],{"class":66},[52,124540,1231],{"class":600},[52,124542,138],{"class":66},[52,124544,124519],{"class":117},[52,124546,1222],{"class":66},[20,124548,1509],{},[43,124550,124551],{"className":45,"code":45205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124552,124553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124554,124555,124557,124559,124561,124563,124565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124556,2729],{"class":62},[52,124558,2732],{"class":1503},[52,124560,617],{"class":70},[52,124562,2882],{"class":74},[52,124564,608],{"class":70},[52,124566,2741],{"class":62},[20,124568,124569],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[38,124571,124573],{"id":124572},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124575,124576],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124578,124579],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[43,124581,124583],{"className":45,"code":124582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124584,124585,124596,124601,124608,124612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124586,124587,124589,124591,124594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124588,89437],{"class":58},[52,124590,63],{"class":62},[52,124592,124593],{"class":70}," \"\"\"",[52,124595,88380],{"class":74},[52,124597,124598],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124599,124600],{"class":74},"Welcome to Python\n",[52,124602,124603,124606],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124604,124605],{"class":74},"Have a nice day",[52,124607,42771],{"class":70},[52,124609,124610],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124611,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124613,124614,124616,124618,124620],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,124615,135],{"class":134},[52,124617,138],{"class":66},[52,124619,89454],{"class":117},[52,124621,144],{"class":66},[20,124623,124624],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[43,124626,124628],{"className":45,"code":124627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124629,124630,124642,124647,124655,124659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124631,124632,124634,124636,124639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124633,89437],{"class":58},[52,124635,63],{"class":62},[52,124637,124638],{"class":70}," '''",[52,124640,124641],{"class":74},"Line 1\n",[52,124643,124644],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124645,124646],{"class":74},"Line 2\n",[52,124648,124649,124652],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124650,124651],{"class":74},"Line 3",[52,124653,124654],{"class":70},"'''\n",[52,124656,124657],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124658,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124660,124661,124663,124665,124667],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,124662,135],{"class":134},[52,124664,138],{"class":66},[52,124666,89454],{"class":117},[52,124668,144],{"class":66},[20,124670,124671],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124673,124674],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[38,124676,124678],{"id":124677},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124680,1418,124681,124683],{},[15,124682,47119],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124685,124686],{},"Example with a number:",[43,124688,124690],{"className":45,"code":124689,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124691,124692,124706,124716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124693,124694,124696,124698,124700,124702,124704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124695,34120],{"class":58},[52,124697,63],{"class":62},[52,124699,48340],{"class":600},[52,124701,138],{"class":66},[52,124703,45961],{"class":947},[52,124705,144],{"class":66},[52,124707,124708,124710,124712,124714],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124709,135],{"class":134},[52,124711,138],{"class":66},[52,124713,34141],{"class":117},[52,124715,144],{"class":66},[52,124717,124718,124720,124722,124724,124726,124728],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124719,135],{"class":134},[52,124721,138],{"class":66},[52,124723,1231],{"class":600},[52,124725,138],{"class":66},[52,124727,34141],{"class":117},[52,124729,1222],{"class":66},[20,124731,1509],{},[43,124733,124735],{"className":45,"code":124734,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124736,124737,124741],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124738,124739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124740,46047],{"class":947},[52,124742,124743,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124744,2729],{"class":62},[52,124746,2732],{"class":1503},[52,124748,617],{"class":70},[52,124750,2882],{"class":74},[52,124752,608],{"class":70},[52,124754,2741],{"class":62},[20,124756,124757],{},"You can also convert other values:",[43,124759,124761],{"className":45,"code":124760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124762,124763,124777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124764,124765,124767,124769,124771,124773,124775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124766,135],{"class":134},[52,124768,138],{"class":66},[52,124770,2882],{"class":600},[52,124772,138],{"class":66},[52,124774,3044],{"class":3295},[52,124776,1222],{"class":66},[52,124778,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787,124789],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124780,135],{"class":134},[52,124782,138],{"class":66},[52,124784,2882],{"class":600},[52,124786,138],{"class":66},[52,124788,39576],{"class":947},[52,124790,1222],{"class":66},[20,124792,124793],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[43,124795,124797],{"className":45,"code":124796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124798,124799,124807,124829,124833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124800,124801,124803,124805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124802,21068],{"class":58},[52,124804,63],{"class":62},[52,124806,44660],{"class":947},[52,124808,124809,124811,124813,124815,124817,124819,124821,124823,124825,124827],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124810,89437],{"class":58},[52,124812,63],{"class":62},[52,124814,83],{"class":70},[52,124816,88855],{"class":74},[52,124818,71],{"class":70},[52,124820,1893],{"class":62},[52,124822,48340],{"class":600},[52,124824,138],{"class":66},[52,124826,8747],{"class":117},[52,124828,144],{"class":66},[52,124830,124831],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124832,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124834,124835,124837,124839,124841],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124836,135],{"class":134},[52,124838,138],{"class":66},[52,124840,89454],{"class":117},[52,124842,144],{"class":66},[20,124844,124845,124846,456,124850,114],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[221,124847,3015,124848,2948],{"href":41609},[15,124849,47119],{},[221,124851,124852],{"href":122564},"how to convert int to string in Python",[38,124854,124856],{"id":124855},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124858,124859],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124861,124862],{},"Both of these are valid:",[43,124864,124866],{"className":45,"code":124865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124867,124868,124880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124869,124870,124872,124874,124876,124878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124871,1993],{"class":58},[52,124873,63],{"class":62},[52,124875,617],{"class":70},[52,124877,6743],{"class":74},[52,124879,689],{"class":70},[52,124881,124882,124884,124886,124888,124890],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124883,2021],{"class":58},[52,124885,63],{"class":62},[52,124887,83],{"class":70},[52,124889,6743],{"class":74},[52,124891,2797],{"class":70},[20,124893,124894],{},"A common rule is:",[163,124896,124897,124900,124903],{},[166,124898,124899],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[166,124901,124902],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[166,124904,124905],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,124907,267],{},[43,124909,124911],{"className":45,"code":124910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,124912,124913,124927,124941,124945,124956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124914,124915,124918,124920,124922,124925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124916,124917],{"class":58},"text1 ",[52,124919,63],{"class":62},[52,124921,83],{"class":70},[52,124923,124924],{"class":74},"It's working",[52,124926,2797],{"class":70},[52,124928,124929,124932,124934,124936,124939],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124930,124931],{"class":58},"text2 ",[52,124933,63],{"class":62},[52,124935,617],{"class":70},[52,124937,124938],{"class":74},"She said \"hello\"",[52,124940,689],{"class":70},[52,124942,124943],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,124944,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,124946,124947,124949,124951,124954],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,124948,135],{"class":134},[52,124950,138],{"class":66},[52,124952,124953],{"class":117},"text1",[52,124955,144],{"class":66},[52,124957,124958,124960,124962,124965],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,124959,135],{"class":134},[52,124961,138],{"class":66},[52,124963,124964],{"class":117},"text2",[52,124966,144],{"class":66},[20,124968,124969],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[38,124971,124973],{"id":124972},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,124975,124976],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,124978,124979],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[43,124981,124983],{"className":45,"code":124982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,124984,124985,124990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124986,124987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124988,124989],{"class":3105},"# This will cause an error\n",[52,124991,124992],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,124993,124994],{"class":3105},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,124996,124997,124998,34762,125000,125003],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,124999,608],{},[15,125001,125002],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125005,125006],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[43,125008,125010],{"className":45,"code":125009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125011,125012,125031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125013,125014,125016,125018,125020,125023,125026,125029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125015,34120],{"class":58},[52,125017,63],{"class":62},[52,125019,617],{"class":70},[52,125021,125022],{"class":74},"It",[52,125024,125025],{"class":33885},"\\'",[52,125027,125028],{"class":74},"s working",[52,125030,689],{"class":70},[52,125032,125033,125035,125037,125039],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125034,135],{"class":134},[52,125036,138],{"class":66},[52,125038,34141],{"class":117},[52,125040,144],{"class":66},[20,125042,125043],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[43,125045,125047],{"className":45,"code":125046,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125048,125049,125061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125050,125051,125053,125055,125057,125059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125052,34120],{"class":58},[52,125054,63],{"class":62},[52,125056,83],{"class":70},[52,125058,124924],{"class":74},[52,125060,2797],{"class":70},[52,125062,125063,125065,125067,125069],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125064,135],{"class":134},[52,125066,138],{"class":66},[52,125068,34141],{"class":117},[52,125070,144],{"class":66},[20,125072,125073],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125075,125076,125077,114],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[221,125078,125080],{"href":125079},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[38,125082,1158],{"id":1157},[20,125084,125085],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[699,125087,89644],{"id":89643},[20,125089,125090],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[43,125092,125094],{"className":45,"code":125093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125095,125096,125100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125097,125098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125099,124989],{"class":3105},[52,125101,125102],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125103,125104],{"class":3105},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125106,125107,125108,8048,125111,125113],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125109,125110],{},"NameError",[15,125112,4447],{}," is not defined.",[20,125115,10252],{},[43,125117,125119],{"className":45,"code":125118,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125120,125121,125133],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125122,125123,125125,125127,125129,125131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125124,7323],{"class":58},[52,125126,63],{"class":62},[52,125128,83],{"class":70},[52,125130,4447],{"class":74},[52,125132,2797],{"class":70},[52,125134,125135,125137,125139,125141],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125136,135],{"class":134},[52,125138,138],{"class":66},[52,125140,7115],{"class":117},[52,125142,144],{"class":66},[699,125144,125146],{"id":125145},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125148,125149],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[43,125151,125153],{"className":45,"code":125152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125154,125155,125159],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125156,125157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125158,124989],{"class":3105},[52,125160,125161],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125162,125163],{"class":3105},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125165,125166],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[43,125168,125170],{"className":45,"code":125169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125171,125172,125189,125202,125206,125216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125173,125174,125176,125178,125180,125182,125184,125187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125175,124917],{"class":58},[52,125177,63],{"class":62},[52,125179,617],{"class":70},[52,125181,125022],{"class":74},[52,125183,125025],{"class":33885},[52,125185,125186],{"class":74},"s good",[52,125188,689],{"class":70},[52,125190,125191,125193,125195,125197,125200],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125192,124931],{"class":58},[52,125194,63],{"class":62},[52,125196,83],{"class":70},[52,125198,125199],{"class":74},"It's good",[52,125201,2797],{"class":70},[52,125203,125204],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125205,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,125207,125208,125210,125212,125214],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125209,135],{"class":134},[52,125211,138],{"class":66},[52,125213,124953],{"class":117},[52,125215,144],{"class":66},[52,125217,125218,125220,125222,125224],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,125219,135],{"class":134},[52,125221,138],{"class":66},[52,125223,124964],{"class":117},[52,125225,144],{"class":66},[699,125227,125229],{"id":125228},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125231,125232],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[43,125234,125236],{"className":45,"code":125235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125237,125238,125250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125239,125240,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125241,34120],{"class":58},[52,125243,63],{"class":62},[52,125245,124593],{"class":70},[52,125247,3288],{"class":74},[52,125249,42771],{"class":70},[52,125251,125252,125254,125256,125258],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125253,135],{"class":134},[52,125255,138],{"class":66},[52,125257,34141],{"class":117},[52,125259,144],{"class":66},[20,125261,125262],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[43,125264,125266],{"className":45,"code":125265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125267,125268,125280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125269,125270,125272,125274,125276,125278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125271,34120],{"class":58},[52,125273,63],{"class":62},[52,125275,83],{"class":70},[52,125277,3288],{"class":74},[52,125279,2797],{"class":70},[52,125281,125282,125284,125286,125288],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125283,135],{"class":134},[52,125285,138],{"class":66},[52,125287,34141],{"class":117},[52,125289,144],{"class":66},[699,125291,4022,125293,803,125295,125297],{"id":125292},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125294,49682],{},[15,125296,49732],{}," are the same type",[20,125299,125300],{},"They are different:",[43,125302,125304],{"className":45,"code":125303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125305,125306,125315,125328,125332,125346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125307,125308,125311,125313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125309,125310],{"class":58},"value1 ",[52,125312,63],{"class":62},[52,125314,124321],{"class":947},[52,125316,125317,125320,125322,125324,125326],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125318,125319],{"class":58},"value2 ",[52,125321,63],{"class":62},[52,125323,83],{"class":70},[52,125325,49682],{"class":74},[52,125327,2797],{"class":70},[52,125329,125330],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125331,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,125333,125334,125336,125338,125340,125342,125344],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125335,135],{"class":134},[52,125337,138],{"class":66},[52,125339,1231],{"class":600},[52,125341,138],{"class":66},[52,125343,84201],{"class":117},[52,125345,1222],{"class":66},[52,125347,125348,125350,125352,125354,125356,125359],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,125349,135],{"class":134},[52,125351,138],{"class":66},[52,125353,1231],{"class":600},[52,125355,138],{"class":66},[52,125357,125358],{"class":117},"value2",[52,125360,1222],{"class":66},[20,125362,1509],{},[43,125364,125366],{"className":45,"code":125365,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125367,125368,125382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125369,125370,125372,125374,125376,125378,125380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125371,2729],{"class":62},[52,125373,2732],{"class":1503},[52,125375,617],{"class":70},[52,125377,1626],{"class":74},[52,125379,608],{"class":70},[52,125381,2741],{"class":62},[52,125383,125384,125386,125388,125390,125392,125394],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125385,2729],{"class":62},[52,125387,2732],{"class":1503},[52,125389,617],{"class":70},[52,125391,2882],{"class":74},[52,125393,608],{"class":70},[52,125395,2741],{"class":62},[699,125397,125399],{"id":125398},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125401,125402],{},"This causes a type error:",[43,125404,125406],{"className":45,"code":125405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125407,125408,125412,125417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125409,125410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125411,124989],{"class":3105},[52,125413,125414],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125415,125416],{"class":3105},"# age = 10\n",[52,125418,125419],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125420,125421],{"class":3105},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125423,125424,125425,202],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125426,47119],{},[43,125428,125430],{"className":45,"code":125429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125431,125432,125440,125462,125466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125433,125434,125436,125438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125435,21068],{"class":58},[52,125437,63],{"class":62},[52,125439,2026],{"class":947},[52,125441,125442,125444,125446,125448,125450,125452,125454,125456,125458,125460],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125443,89437],{"class":58},[52,125445,63],{"class":62},[52,125447,83],{"class":70},[52,125449,88855],{"class":74},[52,125451,71],{"class":70},[52,125453,1893],{"class":62},[52,125455,48340],{"class":600},[52,125457,138],{"class":66},[52,125459,8747],{"class":117},[52,125461,144],{"class":66},[52,125463,125464],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125465,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,125467,125468,125470,125472,125474],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125469,135],{"class":134},[52,125471,138],{"class":66},[52,125473,89454],{"class":117},[52,125475,144],{"class":66},[20,125477,125478,125479,114],{},"For this specific error, see ",[221,125480,89836],{"href":89835},[699,125482,60146],{"id":60145},[20,125484,125485],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[43,125487,125489],{"className":45,"code":125488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125490,125491,125503,125507,125517,125531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125494,34120],{"class":58},[52,125496,63],{"class":62},[52,125498,83],{"class":70},[52,125500,3288],{"class":74},[52,125502,2797],{"class":70},[52,125504,125505],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125506,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,125508,125509,125511,125513,125515],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125510,135],{"class":134},[52,125512,138],{"class":66},[52,125514,34141],{"class":117},[52,125516,144],{"class":66},[52,125518,125519,125521,125523,125525,125527,125529],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125520,135],{"class":134},[52,125522,138],{"class":66},[52,125524,1231],{"class":600},[52,125526,138],{"class":66},[52,125528,34141],{"class":117},[52,125530,1222],{"class":66},[52,125532,125533,125535,125537,125539,125541,125543],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,125534,135],{"class":134},[52,125536,138],{"class":66},[52,125538,41213],{"class":134},[52,125540,138],{"class":66},[52,125542,34141],{"class":117},[52,125544,1222],{"class":66},[163,125546,125547,125552,125557],{},[166,125548,125549,45713],{},[15,125550,125551],{},"print(text)",[166,125553,125554,45718],{},[15,125555,125556],{},"print(type(text))",[166,125558,125559,125562],{},[15,125560,125561],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[38,125564,1273],{"id":1272},[699,125566,125568],{"id":125567},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125570,125571,125572,456,125575,114],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125573,125574],{},"'hello'",[15,125576,63970],{},[699,125578,125580],{"id":125579},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125582,125583],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[699,125585,125587],{"id":125586},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125589,799,125590,456,125592,114],{},[15,125591,5719],{},[15,125593,3215],{},[699,125595,125597],{"id":125596},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125599,799,125600,125602,125603,125605,125606,114],{},[15,125601,47119],{},", like ",[15,125604,79812],{},", which returns ",[15,125607,41560],{},[699,125609,125611],{"id":125610},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125613,125614],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[38,125616,1332],{"id":1331},[163,125618,125619,125623,125629,125634,125643,125647],{},[166,125620,125621],{},[221,125622,124394],{"href":50412},[166,125624,125625],{},[221,125626,3015,125627,2948],{"href":41609},[15,125628,47119],{},[166,125630,125631],{},[221,125632,125633],{"href":122564},"How to convert int to string in Python",[166,125635,125636],{},[221,125637,125639,125640,1070],{"href":125638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125641,125642],{},"format()",[166,125644,125645],{},[221,125646,125080],{"href":125079},[166,125648,125649],{},[221,125650,89836],{"href":89835},[1364,125652,125653],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":125655},[125656,125657,125658,125659,125660,125661,125662,125663,125664,125673,125680],{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":124233,"depth":103,"text":124234},{"id":124397,"depth":103,"text":124398},{"id":124472,"depth":103,"text":124473},{"id":124572,"depth":103,"text":124573},{"id":124677,"depth":103,"text":124678},{"id":124855,"depth":103,"text":124856},{"id":124972,"depth":103,"text":124973},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":125665},[125666,125667,125668,125669,125671,125672],{"id":89643,"depth":124,"text":89644},{"id":125145,"depth":124,"text":125146},{"id":125228,"depth":124,"text":125229},{"id":125292,"depth":124,"text":125670},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125398,"depth":124,"text":125399},{"id":60145,"depth":124,"text":60146},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":125674},[125675,125676,125677,125678,125679],{"id":125567,"depth":124,"text":125568},{"id":125579,"depth":124,"text":125580},{"id":125586,"depth":124,"text":125587},{"id":125596,"depth":124,"text":125597},{"id":125610,"depth":124,"text":125611},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124095,"description":125681},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125688,"title":125689,"body":125690,"description":127604,"extension":1401,"meta":127605,"navigation":127,"path":127606,"seo":127607,"stem":127608,"__hash__":127609},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125691,"toc":127565},[125692,125698,125703,125711,125713,125780,125782,125794,125803,125808,125812,125829,125831,125896,125898,125910,125915,125917,125945,125966,125969,126008,126010,126018,126022,126026,126030,126038,126041,126082,126084,126092,126095,126152,126154,126162,126166,126171,126215,126217,126225,126234,126238,126243,126291,126293,126301,126307,126309,126313,126325,126330,126409,126411,126431,126435,126439,126479,126481,126489,126493,126536,126538,126546,126550,126590,126592,126600,126604,126660,126662,126670,126676,126678,126682,126692,126759,126761,126774,126781,126824,126826,126834,126838,126841,126897,126899,126907,126910,126912,126989,126991,126999,127008,127010,127014,127018,127020,127042,127045,127092,127096,127135,127137,127145,127147,127189,127196,127201,127263,127265,127277,127283,127288,127337,127339,127358,127364,127366,127385,127387,127478,127480,127486,127493,127499,127505,127510,127519,127526,127534,127536,127562],[10,125693,122639,125695,18],{"id":125694},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125696,125697],{},"endswith()",[20,125699,122644,125700,125702],{},[15,125701,125697],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125704,125705,125706,456,125708,125710],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125707,3044],{},[15,125709,3116],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[38,125712,41],{"id":40},[43,125714,125716],{"className":45,"code":125715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125717,125718,125732,125757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125719,125720,125723,125725,125727,125730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125721,125722],{"class":58},"filename ",[52,125724,63],{"class":62},[52,125726,83],{"class":70},[52,125728,125729],{"class":74},"report.csv",[52,125731,2797],{"class":70},[52,125733,125734,125736,125738,125741,125743,125746,125748,125750,125753,125755],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125735,135],{"class":134},[52,125737,138],{"class":66},[52,125739,125740],{"class":117},"filename",[52,125742,114],{"class":66},[52,125744,125745],{"class":117},"endswith",[52,125747,138],{"class":66},[52,125749,71],{"class":70},[52,125751,125752],{"class":74},".csv",[52,125754,71],{"class":70},[52,125756,1222],{"class":66},[52,125758,125759,125761,125763,125765,125767,125769,125771,125773,125776,125778],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125760,135],{"class":134},[52,125762,138],{"class":66},[52,125764,125740],{"class":117},[52,125766,114],{"class":66},[52,125768,125745],{"class":117},[52,125770,138],{"class":66},[52,125772,71],{"class":70},[52,125774,125775],{"class":74},".txt",[52,125777,71],{"class":70},[52,125779,1222],{"class":66},[20,125781,1509],{},[43,125783,125784],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,125785,125786,125790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125787,125788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125789,3424],{"class":3295},[52,125791,125792],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125793,3485],{"class":3295},[20,125795,799,125796,4815,125798,456,125800,125802],{},[15,125797,125697],{},[15,125799,3044],{},[15,125801,3116],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[38,125804,194,125806,197],{"id":125805},"what-endswith-does",[15,125807,125697],{},[20,125809,125810,202],{},[15,125811,125697],{},[163,125813,125814,125817,125823,125826],{},[166,125815,125816],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[166,125818,10865,125819,456,125821],{},[15,125820,3044],{},[15,125822,3116],{},[166,125824,125825],{},"Does not change the original string",[166,125827,125828],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125830,267],{},[43,125832,125834],{"className":45,"code":125833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125835,125836,125848,125852,125874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125837,125838,125840,125842,125844,125846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125839,34120],{"class":58},[52,125841,63],{"class":62},[52,125843,83],{"class":70},[52,125845,59842],{"class":74},[52,125847,2797],{"class":70},[52,125849,125850],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125851,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,125853,125854,125856,125858,125860,125862,125864,125866,125868,125870,125872],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,125855,135],{"class":134},[52,125857,138],{"class":66},[52,125859,34141],{"class":117},[52,125861,114],{"class":66},[52,125863,125745],{"class":117},[52,125865,138],{"class":66},[52,125867,71],{"class":70},[52,125869,60027],{"class":74},[52,125871,71],{"class":70},[52,125873,1222],{"class":66},[52,125875,125876,125878,125880,125882,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892,125894],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,125877,135],{"class":134},[52,125879,138],{"class":66},[52,125881,34141],{"class":117},[52,125883,114],{"class":66},[52,125885,125745],{"class":117},[52,125887,138],{"class":66},[52,125889,71],{"class":70},[52,125891,3288],{"class":74},[52,125893,71],{"class":70},[52,125895,1222],{"class":66},[20,125897,1509],{},[43,125899,125900],{"className":45,"code":43609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,125901,125902,125906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125903,125904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125905,3424],{"class":3295},[52,125907,125908],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125909,3485],{"class":3295},[20,125911,125912,125913,114],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[221,125914,124394],{"href":50412},[38,125916,228],{"id":227},[43,125918,125920],{"className":45,"code":125919,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,125921,125922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125923,125924,125926,125928,125930,125932,125935,125937,125939,125941,125943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125925,60610],{"class":58},[52,125927,114],{"class":66},[52,125929,125745],{"class":117},[52,125931,138],{"class":66},[52,125933,125934],{"class":117},"suffix",[52,125936,80],{"class":66},[52,125938,35485],{"class":117},[52,125940,80],{"class":66},[52,125942,64476],{"class":117},[52,125944,144],{"class":66},[163,125946,125947,125952,125959],{},[166,125948,125949,125951],{},[15,125950,125934],{}," is required",[166,125953,125954,803,125956,125958],{},[15,125955,35506],{},[15,125957,52098],{}," are optional",[166,125960,125961,803,125963,125965],{},[15,125962,35506],{},[15,125964,52098],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,125967,125968],{},"Basic example:",[43,125970,125972],{"className":45,"code":125971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125973,125974,125986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125975,125976,125978,125980,125982,125984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125977,125722],{"class":58},[52,125979,63],{"class":62},[52,125981,83],{"class":70},[52,125983,86326],{"class":74},[52,125985,2797],{"class":70},[52,125987,125988,125990,125992,125994,125996,125998,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,125989,135],{"class":134},[52,125991,138],{"class":66},[52,125993,125740],{"class":117},[52,125995,114],{"class":66},[52,125997,125745],{"class":117},[52,125999,138],{"class":66},[52,126001,71],{"class":70},[52,126003,125775],{"class":74},[52,126005,71],{"class":70},[52,126007,1222],{"class":66},[20,126009,1509],{},[43,126011,126012],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126013,126014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126015,126016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126017,3424],{"class":3295},[38,126019,126021],{"id":126020},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[699,126023,126024],{"id":125934},[15,126025,125934],{},[20,126027,126028,30180],{},[15,126029,125934],{},[163,126031,126032,126035],{},[166,126033,126034],{},"A single string",[166,126036,126037],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126039,126040],{},"Single suffix:",[43,126042,126044],{"className":45,"code":126043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126045,126046,126059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126047,126048,126050,126052,126054,126057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126049,7323],{"class":58},[52,126051,63],{"class":62},[52,126053,83],{"class":70},[52,126055,126056],{"class":74},"image.png",[52,126058,2797],{"class":70},[52,126060,126061,126063,126065,126067,126069,126071,126073,126075,126078,126080],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126062,135],{"class":134},[52,126064,138],{"class":66},[52,126066,7115],{"class":117},[52,126068,114],{"class":66},[52,126070,125745],{"class":117},[52,126072,138],{"class":66},[52,126074,71],{"class":70},[52,126076,126077],{"class":74},".png",[52,126079,71],{"class":70},[52,126081,1222],{"class":66},[20,126083,1509],{},[43,126085,126086],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126087,126088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126089,126090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126091,3424],{"class":3295},[20,126093,126094],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[43,126096,126098],{"className":45,"code":126097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126099,126100,126112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126101,126102,126104,126106,126108,126110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126103,7323],{"class":58},[52,126105,63],{"class":62},[52,126107,83],{"class":70},[52,126109,126056],{"class":74},[52,126111,2797],{"class":70},[52,126113,126114,126116,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126,126128,126131,126133,126135,126137,126139,126141,126143,126145,126148,126150],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126115,135],{"class":134},[52,126117,138],{"class":66},[52,126119,7115],{"class":117},[52,126121,114],{"class":66},[52,126123,125745],{"class":117},[52,126125,4957],{"class":66},[52,126127,71],{"class":70},[52,126129,126130],{"class":74},".jpg",[52,126132,71],{"class":70},[52,126134,80],{"class":66},[52,126136,83],{"class":70},[52,126138,126077],{"class":74},[52,126140,71],{"class":70},[52,126142,80],{"class":66},[52,126144,83],{"class":70},[52,126146,126147],{"class":74},".gif",[52,126149,71],{"class":70},[52,126151,2350],{"class":66},[20,126153,1509],{},[43,126155,126156],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126157,126158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126159,126160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126161,3424],{"class":3295},[699,126163,126164],{"id":35506},[15,126165,35506],{},[20,126167,126168,126170],{},[15,126169,35506],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[43,126172,126174],{"className":45,"code":126173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126175,126176,126189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126177,126178,126180,126182,126184,126187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126179,34120],{"class":58},[52,126181,63],{"class":62},[52,126183,83],{"class":70},[52,126185,126186],{"class":74},"my_report.csv",[52,126188,2797],{"class":70},[52,126190,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199,126201,126203,126205,126207,126209,126211,126213],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126192,135],{"class":134},[52,126194,138],{"class":66},[52,126196,34141],{"class":117},[52,126198,114],{"class":66},[52,126200,125745],{"class":117},[52,126202,138],{"class":66},[52,126204,71],{"class":70},[52,126206,125752],{"class":74},[52,126208,71],{"class":70},[52,126210,80],{"class":66},[52,126212,958],{"class":947},[52,126214,1222],{"class":66},[20,126216,1509],{},[43,126218,126219],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126220,126221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126222,126223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126224,3424],{"class":3295},[20,126226,126227,126228,126230,126231,114],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126229,1500],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126232,126233],{},"\"report.csv\"",[699,126235,126236],{"id":52098},[15,126237,52098],{},[20,126239,126240,126242],{},[15,126241,52098],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[43,126244,126246],{"className":45,"code":126245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126247,126248,126261],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126249,126250,126252,126254,126256,126259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126251,34120],{"class":58},[52,126253,63],{"class":62},[52,126255,83],{"class":70},[52,126257,126258],{"class":74},"report.csv backup",[52,126260,2797],{"class":70},[52,126262,126263,126265,126267,126269,126271,126273,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126264,135],{"class":134},[52,126266,138],{"class":66},[52,126268,34141],{"class":117},[52,126270,114],{"class":66},[52,126272,125745],{"class":117},[52,126274,138],{"class":66},[52,126276,71],{"class":70},[52,126278,125752],{"class":74},[52,126280,71],{"class":70},[52,126282,80],{"class":66},[52,126284,3276],{"class":947},[52,126286,80],{"class":66},[52,126288,5451],{"class":947},[52,126290,1222],{"class":66},[20,126292,1509],{},[43,126294,126295],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126296,126297],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126298,126299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126300,3424],{"class":3295},[20,126302,126303,126304,126306],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126305,126233],{}," and ignores the rest.",[38,126308,16859],{"id":16858},[20,126310,126311,24949],{},[15,126312,125697],{},[163,126314,126315,126320],{},[166,126316,126317,126319],{},[15,126318,3044],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[166,126321,126322,126324],{},[15,126323,3116],{}," if it does not",[20,126326,126327,126328,6618],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126329,732],{},[43,126331,126333],{"className":45,"code":126332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126334,126335,126348,126352,126373,126388,126394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126336,126337,126339,126341,126343,126346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126338,125722],{"class":58},[52,126340,63],{"class":62},[52,126342,83],{"class":70},[52,126344,126345],{"class":74},"data.csv",[52,126347,2797],{"class":70},[52,126349,126350],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126351,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,126353,126354,126356,126359,126361,126363,126365,126367,126369,126371],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,126355,732],{"class":731},[52,126357,126358],{"class":58}," filename",[52,126360,114],{"class":66},[52,126362,125745],{"class":117},[52,126364,138],{"class":66},[52,126366,71],{"class":70},[52,126368,125752],{"class":74},[52,126370,71],{"class":70},[52,126372,7789],{"class":66},[52,126374,126375,126377,126379,126381,126384,126386],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126376,757],{"class":134},[52,126378,138],{"class":66},[52,126380,71],{"class":70},[52,126382,126383],{"class":74},"This is a CSV file.",[52,126385,71],{"class":70},[52,126387,144],{"class":66},[52,126389,126390,126392],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,126391,777],{"class":731},[52,126393,737],{"class":66},[52,126395,126396,126398,126400,126402,126405,126407],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,126397,757],{"class":134},[52,126399,138],{"class":66},[52,126401,71],{"class":70},[52,126403,126404],{"class":74},"This is not a CSV file.",[52,126406,71],{"class":70},[52,126408,144],{"class":66},[20,126410,1509],{},[43,126412,126414],{"className":45,"code":126413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126415,126416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126417,126418,126420,126422,126424,126427,126429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126419,49315],{"class":58},[52,126421,11637],{"class":62},[52,126423,43980],{"class":58},[52,126425,126426],{"class":33885},"CSV",[52,126428,86067],{"class":86066},[52,126430,121671],{"class":66},[38,126432,126434],{"id":126433},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[699,126436,126438],{"id":126437},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[43,126440,126442],{"className":45,"code":126441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126443,126444,126457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126445,126446,126448,126450,126452,126455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126447,125722],{"class":58},[52,126449,63],{"class":62},[52,126451,83],{"class":70},[52,126453,126454],{"class":74},"sales.csv",[52,126456,2797],{"class":70},[52,126458,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469,126471,126473,126475,126477],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126460,135],{"class":134},[52,126462,138],{"class":66},[52,126464,125740],{"class":117},[52,126466,114],{"class":66},[52,126468,125745],{"class":117},[52,126470,138],{"class":66},[52,126472,71],{"class":70},[52,126474,125752],{"class":74},[52,126476,71],{"class":70},[52,126478,1222],{"class":66},[20,126480,1509],{},[43,126482,126483],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126484,126485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126486,126487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126488,3424],{"class":3295},[699,126490,126492],{"id":126491},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[43,126494,126496],{"className":45,"code":126495,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126497,126498,126512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126499,126500,126503,126505,126507,126510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126501,126502],{"class":58},"url ",[52,126504,63],{"class":62},[52,126506,83],{"class":70},[52,126508,126509],{"class":74},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[52,126511,2797],{"class":70},[52,126513,126514,126516,126518,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126532,126534],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126515,135],{"class":134},[52,126517,138],{"class":66},[52,126519,126520],{"class":117},"url",[52,126522,114],{"class":66},[52,126524,125745],{"class":117},[52,126526,138],{"class":66},[52,126528,71],{"class":70},[52,126530,126531],{"class":74},"\u002F",[52,126533,71],{"class":70},[52,126535,1222],{"class":66},[20,126537,1509],{},[43,126539,126540],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126541,126542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126543,126544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126545,3424],{"class":3295},[699,126547,126549],{"id":126548},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[43,126551,126553],{"className":45,"code":126552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126554,126555,126568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126556,126557,126559,126561,126563,126566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126558,89437],{"class":58},[52,126560,63],{"class":62},[52,126562,83],{"class":70},[52,126564,126565],{"class":74},"Hello!",[52,126567,2797],{"class":70},[52,126569,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126571,135],{"class":134},[52,126573,138],{"class":66},[52,126575,89454],{"class":117},[52,126577,114],{"class":66},[52,126579,125745],{"class":117},[52,126581,138],{"class":66},[52,126583,71],{"class":70},[52,126585,89278],{"class":74},[52,126587,71],{"class":70},[52,126589,1222],{"class":66},[20,126591,1509],{},[43,126593,126594],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126595,126596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126597,126598],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126599,3424],{"class":3295},[699,126601,126603],{"id":126602},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[43,126605,126607],{"className":45,"code":126606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126608,126609,126622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126610,126611,126613,126615,126617,126620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126612,125722],{"class":58},[52,126614,63],{"class":62},[52,126616,83],{"class":70},[52,126618,126619],{"class":74},"photo.jpg",[52,126621,2797],{"class":70},[52,126623,126624,126626,126628,126630,126632,126634,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654,126656,126658],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126625,135],{"class":134},[52,126627,138],{"class":66},[52,126629,125740],{"class":117},[52,126631,114],{"class":66},[52,126633,125745],{"class":117},[52,126635,4957],{"class":66},[52,126637,71],{"class":70},[52,126639,126130],{"class":74},[52,126641,71],{"class":70},[52,126643,80],{"class":66},[52,126645,83],{"class":70},[52,126647,126077],{"class":74},[52,126649,71],{"class":70},[52,126651,80],{"class":66},[52,126653,83],{"class":70},[52,126655,126147],{"class":74},[52,126657,71],{"class":70},[52,126659,2350],{"class":66},[20,126661,1509],{},[43,126663,126664],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126665,126666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126667,126668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126669,3424],{"class":3295},[20,126671,126672,126673,114],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[221,126674,126675],{"href":122894},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[38,126677,123286],{"id":123285},[20,126679,126680,123097],{},[15,126681,125697],{},[20,126683,126684,126685,803,126688,126691],{},"That means ",[15,126686,126687],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126689,126690],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[43,126693,126695],{"className":45,"code":126694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126696,126697,126710,126714,126736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126700,125722],{"class":58},[52,126702,63],{"class":62},[52,126704,83],{"class":70},[52,126706,126707],{"class":74},"REPORT.CSV",[52,126709,2797],{"class":70},[52,126711,126712],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126713,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,126715,126716,126718,126720,126722,126724,126726,126728,126730,126732,126734],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,126717,135],{"class":134},[52,126719,138],{"class":66},[52,126721,125740],{"class":117},[52,126723,114],{"class":66},[52,126725,125745],{"class":117},[52,126727,138],{"class":66},[52,126729,71],{"class":70},[52,126731,125752],{"class":74},[52,126733,71],{"class":70},[52,126735,1222],{"class":66},[52,126737,126738,126740,126742,126744,126746,126748,126750,126752,126755,126757],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126739,135],{"class":134},[52,126741,138],{"class":66},[52,126743,125740],{"class":117},[52,126745,114],{"class":66},[52,126747,125745],{"class":117},[52,126749,138],{"class":66},[52,126751,71],{"class":70},[52,126753,126754],{"class":74},".CSV",[52,126756,71],{"class":70},[52,126758,1222],{"class":66},[20,126760,1509],{},[43,126762,126764],{"className":45,"code":126763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126765,126766,126770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126767,126768],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126769,3485],{"class":3295},[52,126771,126772],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126773,3424],{"class":3295},[20,126775,126776,126777,114],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[221,126778,126779],{"href":123366},[15,126780,123369],{},[43,126782,126784],{"className":45,"code":126783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126785,126786,126798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126787,126788,126790,126792,126794,126796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126789,125722],{"class":58},[52,126791,63],{"class":62},[52,126793,83],{"class":70},[52,126795,126707],{"class":74},[52,126797,2797],{"class":70},[52,126799,126800,126802,126804,126806,126808,126810,126812,126814,126816,126818,126820,126822],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126801,135],{"class":134},[52,126803,138],{"class":66},[52,126805,125740],{"class":117},[52,126807,114],{"class":66},[52,126809,8087],{"class":117},[52,126811,8084],{"class":66},[52,126813,125745],{"class":117},[52,126815,138],{"class":66},[52,126817,71],{"class":70},[52,126819,125752],{"class":74},[52,126821,71],{"class":70},[52,126823,1222],{"class":66},[20,126825,1509],{},[43,126827,126828],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126829,126830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126831,126832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126833,3424],{"class":3295},[38,126835,126837],{"id":126836},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126839,126840],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[43,126842,126844],{"className":45,"code":126843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126845,126846,126859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126847,126848,126850,126852,126854,126857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126849,125722],{"class":58},[52,126851,63],{"class":62},[52,126853,83],{"class":70},[52,126855,126856],{"class":74},"picture.gif",[52,126858,2797],{"class":70},[52,126860,126861,126863,126865,126867,126869,126871,126873,126875,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893,126895],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126862,135],{"class":134},[52,126864,138],{"class":66},[52,126866,125740],{"class":117},[52,126868,114],{"class":66},[52,126870,125745],{"class":117},[52,126872,4957],{"class":66},[52,126874,71],{"class":70},[52,126876,126130],{"class":74},[52,126878,71],{"class":70},[52,126880,80],{"class":66},[52,126882,83],{"class":70},[52,126884,126077],{"class":74},[52,126886,71],{"class":70},[52,126888,80],{"class":66},[52,126890,83],{"class":70},[52,126892,126147],{"class":74},[52,126894,71],{"class":70},[52,126896,2350],{"class":66},[20,126898,1509],{},[43,126900,126901],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126902,126903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126904,126905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126906,3424],{"class":3295},[20,126908,126909],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,126911,51517],{},[43,126913,126915],{"className":45,"code":126914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,126916,126917,126930,126965,126969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126918,126919,126922,126924,126926,126928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126920,126921],{"class":58},"document ",[52,126923,63],{"class":62},[52,126925,83],{"class":70},[52,126927,86326],{"class":74},[52,126929,2797],{"class":70},[52,126931,126932,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126952,126954,126956,126958,126961,126963],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,126933,126934],{"class":58},"allowed ",[52,126936,63],{"class":62},[52,126938,8684],{"class":66},[52,126940,71],{"class":70},[52,126942,125775],{"class":74},[52,126944,71],{"class":70},[52,126946,80],{"class":66},[52,126948,83],{"class":70},[52,126950,126951],{"class":74},".md",[52,126953,71],{"class":70},[52,126955,80],{"class":66},[52,126957,83],{"class":70},[52,126959,126960],{"class":74},".docx",[52,126962,71],{"class":70},[52,126964,144],{"class":66},[52,126966,126967],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,126968,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,126970,126971,126973,126975,126978,126980,126982,126984,126987],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,126972,135],{"class":134},[52,126974,138],{"class":66},[52,126976,126977],{"class":117},"document",[52,126979,114],{"class":66},[52,126981,125745],{"class":117},[52,126983,138],{"class":66},[52,126985,126986],{"class":117},"allowed",[52,126988,1222],{"class":66},[20,126990,1509],{},[43,126992,126993],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126994,126995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126996,126997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126998,3424],{"class":3295},[20,127000,127001,127002,114],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[221,127003,125639,127005,1070],{"href":127004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127006,127007],{},"startswith()",[38,127009,1158],{"id":1157},[20,127011,7894,127012,114],{},[15,127013,125697],{},[699,127015,127017],{"id":127016},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127019,3968],{},[43,127021,127023],{"className":45,"code":127022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127024,127025,127037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127026,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127028,125722],{"class":58},[52,127030,63],{"class":62},[52,127032,83],{"class":70},[52,127034,126619],{"class":74},[52,127036,2797],{"class":70},[52,127038,127039],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127040,127041],{"class":3105},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127043,127044],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[43,127046,127048],{"className":45,"code":127047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127049,127050,127062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127051,127052,127054,127056,127058,127060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127053,125722],{"class":58},[52,127055,63],{"class":62},[52,127057,83],{"class":70},[52,127059,126619],{"class":74},[52,127061,2797],{"class":70},[52,127063,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127078,127080,127082,127084,127086,127088,127090],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127065,135],{"class":134},[52,127067,138],{"class":66},[52,127069,125740],{"class":117},[52,127071,114],{"class":66},[52,127073,125745],{"class":117},[52,127075,4957],{"class":66},[52,127077,71],{"class":70},[52,127079,126130],{"class":74},[52,127081,71],{"class":70},[52,127083,80],{"class":66},[52,127085,83],{"class":70},[52,127087,126077],{"class":74},[52,127089,71],{"class":70},[52,127091,2350],{"class":66},[699,127093,127095],{"id":127094},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[43,127097,127099],{"className":45,"code":127098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127100,127101,127113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127102,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127104,125722],{"class":58},[52,127106,63],{"class":62},[52,127108,83],{"class":70},[52,127110,126707],{"class":74},[52,127112,2797],{"class":70},[52,127114,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127116,135],{"class":134},[52,127118,138],{"class":66},[52,127120,125740],{"class":117},[52,127122,114],{"class":66},[52,127124,125745],{"class":117},[52,127126,138],{"class":66},[52,127128,71],{"class":70},[52,127130,125752],{"class":74},[52,127132,71],{"class":70},[52,127134,1222],{"class":66},[20,127136,1509],{},[43,127138,127139],{"className":45,"code":3485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127140,127141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127142,127143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127144,3485],{"class":3295},[20,127146,38695],{},[43,127148,127149],{"className":45,"code":126783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127150,127151,127163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127152,127153,127155,127157,127159,127161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127154,125722],{"class":58},[52,127156,63],{"class":62},[52,127158,83],{"class":70},[52,127160,126707],{"class":74},[52,127162,2797],{"class":70},[52,127164,127165,127167,127169,127171,127173,127175,127177,127179,127181,127183,127185,127187],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127166,135],{"class":134},[52,127168,138],{"class":66},[52,127170,125740],{"class":117},[52,127172,114],{"class":66},[52,127174,8087],{"class":117},[52,127176,8084],{"class":66},[52,127178,125745],{"class":117},[52,127180,138],{"class":66},[52,127182,71],{"class":70},[52,127184,125752],{"class":74},[52,127186,71],{"class":70},[52,127188,1222],{"class":66},[699,127190,36636,127192,8151,127194],{"id":127191},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127193,125697],{},[15,127195,3326],{},[20,127197,127198,127200],{},[15,127199,125697],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[43,127202,127204],{"className":45,"code":127203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127205,127206,127219,127223,127245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127207,127208,127210,127212,127214,127217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127209,34120],{"class":58},[52,127211,63],{"class":62},[52,127213,83],{"class":70},[52,127215,127216],{"class":74},"my_report.csv.backup",[52,127218,2797],{"class":70},[52,127220,127221],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127222,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,127224,127225,127227,127229,127231,127233,127235,127237,127239,127241,127243],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,127226,135],{"class":134},[52,127228,138],{"class":66},[52,127230,34141],{"class":117},[52,127232,114],{"class":66},[52,127234,125745],{"class":117},[52,127236,138],{"class":66},[52,127238,71],{"class":70},[52,127240,125752],{"class":74},[52,127242,71],{"class":70},[52,127244,1222],{"class":66},[52,127246,127247,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259,127261],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127248,135],{"class":134},[52,127250,138],{"class":66},[52,127252,71],{"class":70},[52,127254,125752],{"class":74},[52,127256,71],{"class":70},[52,127258,20613],{"class":731},[52,127260,42276],{"class":117},[52,127262,144],{"class":66},[20,127264,1509],{},[43,127266,127267],{"className":45,"code":126763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127268,127269,127273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127270,127271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127272,3485],{"class":3295},[52,127274,127275],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127276,3424],{"class":3295},[699,127278,1174,127280,127282],{"id":127279},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127281,125697],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127284,127285,127287],{},[15,127286,125697],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[43,127289,127291],{"className":45,"code":127290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127292,127293,127305,127327],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127294,127295,127297,127299,127301,127303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127296,125722],{"class":58},[52,127298,63],{"class":62},[52,127300,83],{"class":70},[52,127302,125729],{"class":74},[52,127304,2797],{"class":70},[52,127306,127307,127309,127311,127313,127315,127317,127319,127321,127323,127325],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127308,135],{"class":134},[52,127310,138],{"class":66},[52,127312,125740],{"class":117},[52,127314,114],{"class":66},[52,127316,125745],{"class":117},[52,127318,138],{"class":66},[52,127320,71],{"class":70},[52,127322,125752],{"class":74},[52,127324,71],{"class":70},[52,127326,1222],{"class":66},[52,127328,127329,127331,127333,127335],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,127330,135],{"class":134},[52,127332,138],{"class":66},[52,127334,125740],{"class":117},[52,127336,144],{"class":66},[20,127338,1509],{},[43,127340,127342],{"className":45,"code":127341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127343,127344,127348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127345,127346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127347,3424],{"class":3295},[52,127349,127350,127353,127355],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127351,127352],{"class":58},"report",[52,127354,114],{"class":66},[52,127356,127357],{"class":24190},"csv\n",[20,127359,127360,127361,114],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[221,127362,127363],{"href":123807},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127365,65499],{},[163,127367,127368,127371,127374,127377],{},[166,127369,127370],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[166,127372,127373],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[166,127375,127376],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[166,127378,1185,127379,1312,127381,456,127383,110836],{},[15,127380,125697],{},[15,127382,123810],{},[15,127384,41087],{},[20,127386,29565],{},[43,127388,127390],{"className":45,"code":127389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127391,127392,127402,127416,127438,127464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127393,127394,127396,127398,127400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127395,135],{"class":134},[52,127397,138],{"class":66},[52,127399,34141],{"class":117},[52,127401,144],{"class":66},[52,127403,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127405,135],{"class":134},[52,127407,138],{"class":66},[52,127409,41213],{"class":134},[52,127411,138],{"class":66},[52,127413,34141],{"class":117},[52,127415,1222],{"class":66},[52,127417,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,127419,135],{"class":134},[52,127421,138],{"class":66},[52,127423,34141],{"class":117},[52,127425,114],{"class":66},[52,127427,125745],{"class":117},[52,127429,138],{"class":66},[52,127431,608],{"class":70},[52,127433,125752],{"class":74},[52,127435,608],{"class":70},[52,127437,1222],{"class":66},[52,127439,127440,127442,127444,127446,127448,127450,127452,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127441,135],{"class":134},[52,127443,138],{"class":66},[52,127445,34141],{"class":117},[52,127447,114],{"class":66},[52,127449,8087],{"class":117},[52,127451,8084],{"class":66},[52,127453,125745],{"class":117},[52,127455,138],{"class":66},[52,127457,608],{"class":70},[52,127459,125752],{"class":74},[52,127461,608],{"class":70},[52,127463,1222],{"class":66},[52,127465,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,127467,135],{"class":134},[52,127469,138],{"class":66},[52,127471,1231],{"class":600},[52,127473,138],{"class":66},[52,127475,34141],{"class":117},[52,127477,1222],{"class":66},[38,127479,1273],{"id":1272},[699,127481,1277,127483,127485],{"id":127482},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127484,125697],{}," change the string?",[20,127487,127488,127489,456,127491,114],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127490,3044],{},[15,127492,3116],{},[699,127494,4614,127496,127498],{"id":127495},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127497,125697],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127500,127501,127502,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127503,127504],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[699,127506,14343,127508,123975],{"id":127507},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127509,125697],{},[20,127511,127512,127513,456,127515,127518],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127514,123369],{},[15,127516,127517],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[699,127520,4624,127522,803,127524,1293],{"id":127521},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127523,125697],{},[15,127525,123634],{},[20,127527,127528,127530,127531,127533],{},[15,127529,125697],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127532,123634],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[38,127535,1332],{"id":1331},[163,127537,127538,127544,127550,127554,127558],{},[166,127539,127540],{},[221,127541,125639,127542,1070],{"href":127004},[15,127543,127007],{},[166,127545,127546],{},[221,127547,125639,127548,1070],{"href":123366},[15,127549,123369],{},[166,127551,127552],{},[221,127553,124038],{"href":122894},[166,127555,127556],{},[221,127557,124045],{"href":123807},[166,127559,127560],{},[221,127561,124394],{"href":50412},[1364,127563,127564],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":127566},[127567,127568,127570,127571,127576,127577,127583,127584,127585,127593,127603],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":125805,"depth":103,"text":127569},"What endswith() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":126020,"depth":103,"text":126021,"children":127572},[127573,127574,127575],{"id":125934,"depth":124,"text":125934},{"id":35506,"depth":124,"text":35506},{"id":52098,"depth":124,"text":52098},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":126433,"depth":103,"text":126434,"children":127578},[127579,127580,127581,127582],{"id":126437,"depth":124,"text":126438},{"id":126491,"depth":124,"text":126492},{"id":126548,"depth":124,"text":126549},{"id":126602,"depth":124,"text":126603},{"id":123285,"depth":103,"text":123286},{"id":126836,"depth":103,"text":126837},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":127586},[127587,127588,127589,127591],{"id":127016,"depth":124,"text":127017},{"id":127094,"depth":124,"text":127095},{"id":127191,"depth":124,"text":127590},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127279,"depth":124,"text":127592},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":127594},[127595,127597,127599,127601],{"id":127482,"depth":124,"text":127596},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127495,"depth":124,"text":127598},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127507,"depth":124,"text":127600},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127521,"depth":124,"text":127602},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125689,"description":127604},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127611,"title":127612,"body":127613,"description":129281,"extension":1401,"meta":129282,"navigation":127,"path":129283,"seo":129284,"stem":129285,"__hash__":129286},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127614,"toc":129254},[127615,127620,127625,127630,127635,127728,127738,127743,127748,127763,127765,127847,127855,127857,127859,127886,127888,127904,127911,127913,128021,128023,128028,128044,128046,128141,128149,128152,128158,128163,128168,128175,128314,128317,128330,128332,128336,128343,128413,128416,128465,128472,128479,128493,128498,128503,128549,128595,128611,128613,128618,128632,128635,128757,128762,128764,128769,128802,128805,128881,128883,128892,128906,128909,128993,128996,129107,129110,129138,129140,129147,129151,129157,129160,129166,129169,129176,129187,129193,129200,129202,129251],[10,127616,122639,127618,18],{"id":127617},"python-string-find-method",[15,127619,123634],{},[20,127621,122644,127622,127624],{},[15,127623,123634],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127626,127627,127628,114],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127629,65290],{},[20,127631,799,127632,127634],{},[15,127633,123634],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[43,127636,127638],{"className":45,"code":127637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127639,127640,127652,127675,127688,127692,127715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127641,127642,127644,127646,127648,127650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127643,34120],{"class":58},[52,127645,63],{"class":62},[52,127647,83],{"class":70},[52,127649,59842],{"class":74},[52,127651,2797],{"class":70},[52,127653,127654,127656,127658,127660,127662,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127655,64355],{"class":58},[52,127657,63],{"class":62},[52,127659,42276],{"class":58},[52,127661,114],{"class":66},[52,127663,127664],{"class":117},"find",[52,127666,138],{"class":66},[52,127668,71],{"class":70},[52,127670,60027],{"class":74},[52,127672,71],{"class":70},[52,127674,144],{"class":66},[52,127676,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,127678,135],{"class":134},[52,127680,138],{"class":66},[52,127682,64382],{"class":117},[52,127684,3102],{"class":66},[52,127686,127687],{"class":3105},"   # 6\n",[52,127689,127690],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127691,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,127693,127694,127697,127699,127701,127703,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,127695,127696],{"class":58},"missing ",[52,127698,63],{"class":62},[52,127700,42276],{"class":58},[52,127702,114],{"class":66},[52,127704,127664],{"class":117},[52,127706,138],{"class":66},[52,127708,71],{"class":70},[52,127710,47],{"class":74},[52,127712,71],{"class":70},[52,127714,144],{"class":66},[52,127716,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,127718,135],{"class":134},[52,127720,138],{"class":66},[52,127722,26212],{"class":117},[52,127724,3102],{"class":66},[52,127726,127727],{"class":3105},"    # -1\n",[43015,127729,127730],{},[20,127731,799,127732,127734,127735,127737],{},[15,127733,123634],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127736,65290],{}," if the substring is not found.",[38,127739,194,127741,197],{"id":127740},"what-find-does",[15,127742,123634],{},[20,127744,127745,127747],{},[15,127746,123634],{}," is a string method that:",[163,127749,127750,127753,127756,127761],{},[166,127751,127752],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[166,127754,127755],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[166,127757,10865,127758,127760],{},[15,127759,65290],{}," if no match is found",[166,127762,125825],{},[20,127764,267],{},[43,127766,127768],{"className":45,"code":127767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127769,127770,127782,127786,127810,127834],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127771,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127773,34120],{"class":58},[52,127775,63],{"class":62},[52,127777,83],{"class":70},[52,127779,86],{"class":74},[52,127781,2797],{"class":70},[52,127783,127784],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127785,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,127787,127788,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804,127806,127808],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,127789,135],{"class":134},[52,127791,138],{"class":66},[52,127793,34141],{"class":117},[52,127795,114],{"class":66},[52,127797,127664],{"class":117},[52,127799,138],{"class":66},[52,127801,71],{"class":70},[52,127803,122732],{"class":74},[52,127805,71],{"class":70},[52,127807,4807],{"class":66},[52,127809,57081],{"class":3105},[52,127811,127812,127814,127816,127818,127820,127822,127824,127826,127828,127830,127832],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127813,135],{"class":134},[52,127815,138],{"class":66},[52,127817,34141],{"class":117},[52,127819,114],{"class":66},[52,127821,127664],{"class":117},[52,127823,138],{"class":66},[52,127825,71],{"class":70},[52,127827,1611],{"class":74},[52,127829,71],{"class":70},[52,127831,4807],{"class":66},[52,127833,127727],{"class":3105},[52,127835,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,127837,135],{"class":134},[52,127839,138],{"class":66},[52,127841,34141],{"class":117},[52,127843,3102],{"class":66},[52,127845,127846],{"class":3105},"              # banana\n",[20,127848,20210,127849,127852,127853,114],{},[15,127850,127851],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127854,1047],{},[38,127856,228],{"id":227},[20,127858,1597],{},[43,127860,127862],{"className":45,"code":127861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127863,127864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127865,127866,127868,127870,127872,127874,127876,127878,127880,127882,127884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127867,60610],{"class":58},[52,127869,114],{"class":66},[52,127871,127664],{"class":117},[52,127873,138],{"class":66},[52,127875,985],{"class":117},[52,127877,80],{"class":66},[52,127879,35485],{"class":117},[52,127881,80],{"class":66},[52,127883,64476],{"class":117},[52,127885,144],{"class":66},[699,127887,16835],{"id":16834},[163,127889,127890,127894,127899],{},[166,127891,127892,122831],{},[15,127893,985],{},[166,127895,127896,127898],{},[15,127897,35506],{},": optional starting position",[166,127900,127901,127903],{},[15,127902,52098],{},": optional ending position",[20,127905,127906,803,127908,127910],{},[15,127907,35506],{},[15,127909,52098],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,127912,125968],{},[43,127914,127916],{"className":45,"code":127915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,127917,127918,127930,127934,127959,127988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127919,127920,127922,127924,127926,127928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127921,34120],{"class":58},[52,127923,63],{"class":62},[52,127925,83],{"class":70},[52,127927,59842],{"class":74},[52,127929,2797],{"class":70},[52,127931,127932],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,127933,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,127935,127936,127938,127940,127942,127944,127946,127948,127950,127952,127954,127956],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,127937,135],{"class":134},[52,127939,138],{"class":66},[52,127941,34141],{"class":117},[52,127943,114],{"class":66},[52,127945,127664],{"class":117},[52,127947,138],{"class":66},[52,127949,71],{"class":70},[52,127951,59909],{"class":74},[52,127953,71],{"class":70},[52,127955,4807],{"class":66},[52,127957,127958],{"class":3105},"        # 4\n",[52,127960,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969,127971,127973,127975,127977,127979,127981,127983,127985],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,127962,135],{"class":134},[52,127964,138],{"class":66},[52,127966,34141],{"class":117},[52,127968,114],{"class":66},[52,127970,127664],{"class":117},[52,127972,138],{"class":66},[52,127974,71],{"class":70},[52,127976,59909],{"class":74},[52,127978,71],{"class":70},[52,127980,80],{"class":66},[52,127982,4048],{"class":947},[52,127984,4807],{"class":66},[52,127986,127987],{"class":3105},"     # 7\n",[52,127989,127990,127992,127994,127996,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,127991,135],{"class":134},[52,127993,138],{"class":66},[52,127995,34141],{"class":117},[52,127997,114],{"class":66},[52,127999,127664],{"class":117},[52,128001,138],{"class":66},[52,128003,71],{"class":70},[52,128005,59909],{"class":74},[52,128007,71],{"class":70},[52,128009,80],{"class":66},[52,128011,4048],{"class":947},[52,128013,80],{"class":66},[52,128015,5440],{"class":947},[52,128017,4807],{"class":66},[52,128019,128020],{"class":3105},"  # -1\n",[38,128022,37453],{"id":37452},[20,128024,56980,128025,128027],{},[15,128026,123634],{}," is always an integer.",[163,128029,128030,128036,128039],{},[166,128031,128032,128033,128035],{},"A number ",[15,128034,1558],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[166,128037,128038],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[166,128040,128041,128043],{},[15,128042,65290],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128045,267],{},[43,128047,128049],{"className":45,"code":128048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128050,128051,128063,128067,128092,128117],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128052,128053,128055,128057,128059,128061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128054,34120],{"class":58},[52,128056,63],{"class":62},[52,128058,83],{"class":70},[52,128060,47],{"class":74},[52,128062,2797],{"class":70},[52,128064,128065],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128066,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128068,128069,128071,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081,128083,128086,128088,128090],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128070,135],{"class":134},[52,128072,138],{"class":66},[52,128074,34141],{"class":117},[52,128076,114],{"class":66},[52,128078,127664],{"class":117},[52,128080,138],{"class":66},[52,128082,71],{"class":70},[52,128084,128085],{"class":74},"py",[52,128087,71],{"class":70},[52,128089,4807],{"class":66},[52,128091,20207],{"class":3105},[52,128093,128094,128096,128098,128100,128102,128104,128106,128108,128111,128113,128115],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128095,135],{"class":134},[52,128097,138],{"class":66},[52,128099,34141],{"class":117},[52,128101,114],{"class":66},[52,128103,127664],{"class":117},[52,128105,138],{"class":66},[52,128107,71],{"class":70},[52,128109,128110],{"class":74},"th",[52,128112,71],{"class":70},[52,128114,4807],{"class":66},[52,128116,57081],{"class":3105},[52,128118,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137,128139],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,128120,135],{"class":134},[52,128122,138],{"class":66},[52,128124,34141],{"class":117},[52,128126,114],{"class":66},[52,128128,127664],{"class":117},[52,128130,138],{"class":66},[52,128132,71],{"class":70},[52,128134,21517],{"class":74},[52,128136,71],{"class":70},[52,128138,4807],{"class":66},[52,128140,127727],{"class":3105},[20,128142,89340,128143,7902,128145,456,128147,114],{},[15,128144,123634],{},[15,128146,3044],{},[15,128148,3116],{},[20,128150,128151],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[38,128153,1185,128154,803,128156],{"id":64842},[15,128155,35506],{},[15,128157,52098],{},[20,128159,799,128160,128162],{},[15,128161,35506],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128164,799,128165,128167],{},[15,128166,52098],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128169,1418,128170,74894,128172,128174],{},[15,128171,52098],{},[30,128173,64505],{}," in the search.",[43,128176,128178],{"className":45,"code":128177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128179,128180,128193,128197,128221,128250,128282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128181,128182,128184,128186,128188,128191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128183,34120],{"class":58},[52,128185,63],{"class":62},[52,128187,83],{"class":70},[52,128189,128190],{"class":74},"one two three two",[52,128192,2797],{"class":70},[52,128194,128195],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128196,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128198,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207,128209,128211,128213,128215,128217,128219],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128200,135],{"class":134},[52,128202,138],{"class":66},[52,128204,34141],{"class":117},[52,128206,114],{"class":66},[52,128208,127664],{"class":117},[52,128210,138],{"class":66},[52,128212,71],{"class":70},[52,128214,78703],{"class":74},[52,128216,71],{"class":70},[52,128218,4807],{"class":66},[52,128220,127958],{"class":3105},[52,128222,128223,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233,128235,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128224,135],{"class":134},[52,128226,138],{"class":66},[52,128228,34141],{"class":117},[52,128230,114],{"class":66},[52,128232,127664],{"class":117},[52,128234,138],{"class":66},[52,128236,71],{"class":70},[52,128238,78703],{"class":74},[52,128240,71],{"class":70},[52,128242,80],{"class":66},[52,128244,4048],{"class":947},[52,128246,4807],{"class":66},[52,128248,128249],{"class":3105},"     # 14\n",[52,128251,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,128253,135],{"class":134},[52,128255,138],{"class":66},[52,128257,34141],{"class":117},[52,128259,114],{"class":66},[52,128261,127664],{"class":117},[52,128263,138],{"class":66},[52,128265,71],{"class":70},[52,128267,78703],{"class":74},[52,128269,71],{"class":70},[52,128271,80],{"class":66},[52,128273,3276],{"class":947},[52,128275,80],{"class":66},[52,128277,5440],{"class":947},[52,128279,4807],{"class":66},[52,128281,50372],{"class":3105},[52,128283,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308,128310,128312],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,128285,135],{"class":134},[52,128287,138],{"class":66},[52,128289,34141],{"class":117},[52,128291,114],{"class":66},[52,128293,127664],{"class":117},[52,128295,138],{"class":66},[52,128297,71],{"class":70},[52,128299,78703],{"class":74},[52,128301,71],{"class":70},[52,128303,80],{"class":66},[52,128305,3276],{"class":947},[52,128307,80],{"class":66},[52,128309,1896],{"class":947},[52,128311,4807],{"class":66},[52,128313,128020],{"class":3105},[20,128315,128316],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128318,128319,128320,54506,128324,114],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[221,128321,128323],{"href":128322},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[221,128325,128327,128329],{"href":128326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128328,59967],{}," string method",[38,128331,123286],{"id":123285},[20,128333,128334,123097],{},[15,128335,123634],{},[20,128337,126684,128338,803,128340,128342],{},[15,128339,89848],{},[15,128341,63970],{}," are treated as different text.",[43,128344,128346],{"className":45,"code":128345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128347,128348,128361,128365,128389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128349,128350,128352,128354,128356,128359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128351,34120],{"class":58},[52,128353,63],{"class":62},[52,128355,83],{"class":70},[52,128357,128358],{"class":74},"Hello World",[52,128360,2797],{"class":70},[52,128362,128363],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128364,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128366,128367,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128385,128387],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128368,135],{"class":134},[52,128370,138],{"class":66},[52,128372,34141],{"class":117},[52,128374,114],{"class":66},[52,128376,127664],{"class":117},[52,128378,138],{"class":66},[52,128380,71],{"class":70},[52,128382,34299],{"class":74},[52,128384,71],{"class":70},[52,128386,4807],{"class":66},[52,128388,50684],{"class":3105},[52,128390,128391,128393,128395,128397,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128392,135],{"class":134},[52,128394,138],{"class":66},[52,128396,34141],{"class":117},[52,128398,114],{"class":66},[52,128400,127664],{"class":117},[52,128402,138],{"class":66},[52,128404,71],{"class":70},[52,128406,3288],{"class":74},[52,128408,71],{"class":70},[52,128410,4807],{"class":66},[52,128412,128020],{"class":3105},[20,128414,128415],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[43,128417,128419],{"className":45,"code":128418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128420,128421,128433,128437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128422,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128424,34120],{"class":58},[52,128426,63],{"class":62},[52,128428,83],{"class":70},[52,128430,128358],{"class":74},[52,128432,2797],{"class":70},[52,128434,128435],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128436,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128438,128439,128441,128443,128445,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455,128457,128459,128461,128463],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128440,135],{"class":134},[52,128442,138],{"class":66},[52,128444,34141],{"class":117},[52,128446,114],{"class":66},[52,128448,8087],{"class":117},[52,128450,8084],{"class":66},[52,128452,127664],{"class":117},[52,128454,138],{"class":66},[52,128456,71],{"class":70},[52,128458,3288],{"class":74},[52,128460,71],{"class":70},[52,128462,4807],{"class":66},[52,128464,50684],{"class":3105},[38,128466,128468,897,128470],{"id":128467},"find-vs-index",[15,128469,123634],{},[15,128471,58403],{},[20,128473,128474,803,128476,128478],{},[15,128475,123634],{},[15,128477,58403],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[163,128480,128481,128487],{},[166,128482,128483,1837,128485],{},[15,128484,123634],{},[15,128486,65290],{},[166,128488,128489,51932,128491],{},[15,128490,58403],{},[15,128492,40137],{},[20,128494,799,128495,128497],{},[15,128496,123634],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128499,799,128500,128502],{},[15,128501,58403],{}," when the value must exist.",[43,128504,128506],{"className":45,"code":128505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128507,128508,128520,128524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128509,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128511,34120],{"class":58},[52,128513,63],{"class":62},[52,128515,83],{"class":70},[52,128517,3288],{"class":74},[52,128519,2797],{"class":70},[52,128521,128522],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128523,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128525,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128527,135],{"class":134},[52,128529,138],{"class":66},[52,128531,34141],{"class":117},[52,128533,114],{"class":66},[52,128535,127664],{"class":117},[52,128537,138],{"class":66},[52,128539,71],{"class":70},[52,128541,1611],{"class":74},[52,128543,71],{"class":70},[52,128545,4807],{"class":66},[52,128547,128548],{"class":3105},"   # -1\n",[43,128550,128552],{"className":45,"code":128551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128553,128554,128566,128570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128555,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128557,34120],{"class":58},[52,128559,63],{"class":62},[52,128561,83],{"class":70},[52,128563,3288],{"class":74},[52,128565,2797],{"class":70},[52,128567,128568],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128569,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128571,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128573,135],{"class":134},[52,128575,138],{"class":66},[52,128577,34141],{"class":117},[52,128579,114],{"class":66},[52,128581,35279],{"class":117},[52,128583,138],{"class":66},[52,128585,71],{"class":70},[52,128587,1611],{"class":74},[52,128589,71],{"class":70},[52,128591,4807],{"class":66},[52,128593,128594],{"class":3105},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128596,128597,128598,128602,128603,128605,128606,114],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[221,128599,128600,128329],{"href":123659},[15,128601,58403],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128604,58403],{},", read ",[221,128607,25120,128608],{"href":72914},[15,128609,128610],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[38,128612,40479],{"id":40478},[20,128614,34838,128615,128617],{},[15,128616,123634],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[163,128619,128620,128623,128626,128629],{},[166,128621,128622],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[166,128624,128625],{},"Get the position of a word",[166,128627,128628],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[166,128630,128631],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128633,128634],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[43,128636,128638],{"className":45,"code":128637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128639,128640,128653,128676,128680,128695,128711,128730,128744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128641,128642,128644,128646,128648,128651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128643,34120],{"class":58},[52,128645,63],{"class":62},[52,128647,83],{"class":70},[52,128649,128650],{"class":74},"name:Alice",[52,128652,2797],{"class":70},[52,128654,128655,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666,128668,128670,128672,128674],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128656,128657],{"class":58},"colon_pos ",[52,128659,63],{"class":62},[52,128661,42276],{"class":58},[52,128663,114],{"class":66},[52,128665,127664],{"class":117},[52,128667,138],{"class":66},[52,128669,71],{"class":70},[52,128671,202],{"class":74},[52,128673,71],{"class":70},[52,128675,144],{"class":66},[52,128677,128678],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128679,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128681,128682,128684,128687,128689,128691,128693],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128683,732],{"class":731},[52,128685,128686],{"class":58}," colon_pos ",[52,128688,72024],{"class":62},[52,128690,1660],{"class":62},[52,128692,948],{"class":947},[52,128694,737],{"class":66},[52,128696,128697,128700,128702,128704,128706,128709],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,128698,128699],{"class":58},"    label ",[52,128701,63],{"class":62},[52,128703,42276],{"class":58},[52,128705,74967],{"class":66},[52,128707,128708],{"class":58},"colon_pos",[52,128710,3076],{"class":66},[52,128712,128713,128715,128717,128719,128721,128723,128725,128727],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,128714,26840],{"class":58},[52,128716,63],{"class":62},[52,128718,42276],{"class":58},[52,128720,3344],{"class":66},[52,128722,128657],{"class":58},[52,128724,1497],{"class":62},[52,128726,4944],{"class":947},[52,128728,128729],{"class":66},":]\n",[52,128731,128732,128734,128736,128739,128741],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,128733,757],{"class":134},[52,128735,138],{"class":66},[52,128737,128738],{"class":117},"label",[52,128740,3102],{"class":66},[52,128742,128743],{"class":3105},"  # name\n",[52,128745,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,128747,757],{"class":134},[52,128749,138],{"class":66},[52,128751,985],{"class":117},[52,128753,3102],{"class":66},[52,128755,128756],{"class":3105},"  # Alice\n",[20,128758,128759,128760,114],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[221,128761,126675],{"href":122894},[38,128763,1158],{"id":1157},[20,128765,128766,128767,202],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128768,123634],{},[163,128770,128771,128780,128786,128791,128797],{},[166,128772,1174,128773,7902,128775,456,128777,128779],{},[15,128774,123634],{},[15,128776,3044],{},[15,128778,3116],{}," instead of an index",[166,128781,128782,128783,128785],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128784,65290],{}," when the substring is missing",[166,128787,1185,128788,128790],{},[15,128789,123634],{}," without handling case differences",[166,128792,36636,128793,8151,128795],{},[15,128794,123634],{},[15,128796,58403],{},[166,128798,4022,128799,128801],{},[15,128800,123634],{}," changes the string",[20,128803,128804],{},"Example of a mistake:",[43,128806,128808],{"className":45,"code":128807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128809,128810,128822,128826,128846,128861,128867],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128811,128812,128814,128816,128818,128820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128813,34120],{"class":58},[52,128815,63],{"class":62},[52,128817,83],{"class":70},[52,128819,3288],{"class":74},[52,128821,2797],{"class":70},[52,128823,128824],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128825,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128827,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128829,732],{"class":731},[52,128831,42276],{"class":58},[52,128833,114],{"class":66},[52,128835,127664],{"class":117},[52,128837,138],{"class":66},[52,128839,71],{"class":70},[52,128841,59874],{"class":74},[52,128843,71],{"class":70},[52,128845,7789],{"class":66},[52,128847,128848,128850,128852,128854,128857,128859],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128849,757],{"class":134},[52,128851,138],{"class":66},[52,128853,71],{"class":70},[52,128855,128856],{"class":74},"Found",[52,128858,71],{"class":70},[52,128860,144],{"class":66},[52,128862,128863,128865],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,128864,777],{"class":731},[52,128866,737],{"class":66},[52,128868,128869,128871,128873,128875,128877,128879],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,128870,757],{"class":134},[52,128872,138],{"class":66},[52,128874,71],{"class":70},[52,128876,25754],{"class":74},[52,128878,71],{"class":70},[52,128880,144],{"class":66},[20,128882,99339],{},[43,128884,128886],{"className":45,"code":128885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Not found\n",[15,128887,128888],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128889,128890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128891,128885],{"class":58},[20,128893,45138,128894,128897,128898,16512,128900,128902,128903,128905],{},[15,128895,128896],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128899,1558],{},[15,128901,1558],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,128904,732],{}," statement.",[20,128907,128908],{},"A safer version is:",[43,128910,128912],{"className":45,"code":128911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128913,128914,128926,128930,128959,128973,128979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128915,128916,128918,128920,128922,128924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128917,34120],{"class":58},[52,128919,63],{"class":62},[52,128921,83],{"class":70},[52,128923,3288],{"class":74},[52,128925,2797],{"class":70},[52,128927,128928],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,128929,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,128931,128932,128934,128936,128938,128940,128942,128944,128946,128948,128950,128953,128955,128957],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,128933,732],{"class":731},[52,128935,42276],{"class":58},[52,128937,114],{"class":66},[52,128939,127664],{"class":117},[52,128941,138],{"class":66},[52,128943,71],{"class":70},[52,128945,59874],{"class":74},[52,128947,71],{"class":70},[52,128949,3102],{"class":66},[52,128951,128952],{"class":62}," !=",[52,128954,1660],{"class":62},[52,128956,948],{"class":947},[52,128958,737],{"class":66},[52,128960,128961,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,128962,757],{"class":134},[52,128964,138],{"class":66},[52,128966,71],{"class":70},[52,128968,128856],{"class":74},[52,128970,71],{"class":70},[52,128972,144],{"class":66},[52,128974,128975,128977],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,128976,777],{"class":731},[52,128978,737],{"class":66},[52,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,128982,757],{"class":134},[52,128984,138],{"class":66},[52,128986,71],{"class":70},[52,128988,25754],{"class":74},[52,128990,71],{"class":70},[52,128992,144],{"class":66},[20,128994,128995],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[43,128997,128999],{"className":45,"code":128998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129000,129001,129023,129037,129063,129077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129002,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129004,135],{"class":134},[52,129006,138],{"class":66},[52,129008,34141],{"class":117},[52,129010,114],{"class":66},[52,129012,127664],{"class":117},[52,129014,138],{"class":66},[52,129016,608],{"class":70},[52,129018,37824],{"class":74},[52,129020,608],{"class":70},[52,129022,1222],{"class":66},[52,129024,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129026,135],{"class":134},[52,129028,138],{"class":66},[52,129030,41213],{"class":134},[52,129032,138],{"class":66},[52,129034,34141],{"class":117},[52,129036,1222],{"class":66},[52,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,129040,135],{"class":134},[52,129042,138],{"class":66},[52,129044,34141],{"class":117},[52,129046,114],{"class":66},[52,129048,8087],{"class":117},[52,129050,8084],{"class":66},[52,129052,127664],{"class":117},[52,129054,138],{"class":66},[52,129056,608],{"class":70},[52,129058,37824],{"class":74},[52,129060,608],{"class":70},[52,129062,1222],{"class":66},[52,129064,129065,129067,129069,129071,129073,129075],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129066,135],{"class":134},[52,129068,138],{"class":66},[52,129070,1215],{"class":134},[52,129072,138],{"class":66},[52,129074,34141],{"class":117},[52,129076,1222],{"class":66},[52,129078,129079,129081,129083,129085,129087,129089,129091,129093,129095,129097,129099,129101,129103,129105],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,129080,135],{"class":134},[52,129082,138],{"class":66},[52,129084,34141],{"class":117},[52,129086,114],{"class":66},[52,129088,127664],{"class":117},[52,129090,138],{"class":66},[52,129092,608],{"class":70},[52,129094,37824],{"class":74},[52,129096,608],{"class":70},[52,129098,80],{"class":66},[52,129100,35485],{"class":117},[52,129102,80],{"class":66},[52,129104,64476],{"class":117},[52,129106,1222],{"class":66},[20,129108,129109],{},"These help you check:",[163,129111,129112,129117,129122,129127,129130],{},[166,129113,129114,129115],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129116,123634],{},[166,129118,129119,129120],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129121,121853],{},[166,129123,129124,129125],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129126,123369],{},[166,129128,129129],{},"The string length",[166,129131,129132,129133,803,129135,129137],{},"Whether your ",[15,129134,35506],{},[15,129136,52098],{}," values are correct",[38,129139,1273],{"id":1272},[699,129141,129143,129144,129146],{"id":129142},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129145,123634],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129148,4592,129149,114],{},[15,129150,65290],{},[699,129152,1277,129154,129156],{"id":129153},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129155,123634],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129158,129159],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[699,129161,129163,129164,123975],{"id":129162},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129165,123634],{},[20,129167,129168],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[699,129170,4624,129172,803,129174,69091],{"id":129171},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129173,123634],{},[15,129175,58403],{},[20,129177,129178,1837,129180,129182,129183,51932,129185,114],{},[15,129179,123634],{},[15,129181,65290],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129184,58403],{},[15,129186,40137],{},[699,129188,27767,129190,129192],{"id":129189},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129191,123634],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129194,129195,129196,803,129198,65589],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129197,35506],{},[15,129199,52098],{},[38,129201,1332],{"id":1331},[163,129203,129204,129210,129216,129223,129229,129236,129240,129245],{},[166,129205,129206],{},[221,129207,125639,129208,1070],{"href":123659},[15,129209,58403],{},[166,129211,129212],{},[221,129213,125639,129214,1070],{"href":128326},[15,129215,59967],{},[166,129217,129218],{},[221,129219,125639,129221,1070],{"href":129220},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129222,123810],{},[166,129224,129225],{},[221,129226,125639,129227,1070],{"href":127004},[15,129228,127007],{},[166,129230,129231],{},[221,129232,125639,129234,1070],{"href":129233},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129235,125697],{},[166,129237,129238],{},[221,129239,124038],{"href":122894},[166,129241,129242],{},[221,129243,129244],{"href":128322},"How to split a string in Python",[166,129246,129247],{},[221,129248,25562,129249],{"href":72914},[15,129250,128610],{},[1364,129252,129253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":129255},[129256,129258,129261,129262,129263,129264,129266,129267,129268,129280],{"id":127740,"depth":103,"text":129257},"What find() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":129259},[129260],{"id":16834,"depth":124,"text":16835},{"id":37452,"depth":103,"text":37453},{"id":64842,"depth":103,"text":65625},{"id":123285,"depth":103,"text":123286},{"id":128467,"depth":103,"text":129265},"find() vs index()",{"id":40478,"depth":103,"text":40479},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":129269},[129270,129272,129274,129276,129278],{"id":129142,"depth":124,"text":129271},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129153,"depth":124,"text":129273},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129162,"depth":124,"text":129275},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129171,"depth":124,"text":129277},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129189,"depth":124,"text":129279},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127612,"description":129281},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129288,"title":129289,"body":129290,"description":131216,"extension":1401,"meta":131217,"navigation":127,"path":131218,"seo":131219,"stem":131220,"__hash__":131221},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129291,"toc":131184},[129292,129297,129302,129305,129307,129383,129387,129415,129423,129427,129432,129436,129453,129455,129522,129526,129548,129556,129558,129561,129585,129588,129602,129604,129689,129693,129705,129708,129712,129718,129768,129772,129789,129798,129801,129809,129812,129861,129865,129890,129893,129948,129952,129964,129970,129974,129980,129985,130052,130056,130082,130085,130096,130098,130165,130169,130194,130201,130205,130210,130217,130225,130227,130279,130283,130301,130303,130348,130352,130367,130370,130380,130387,130389,130393,130396,130407,130409,130469,130473,130501,130504,130510,130515,130518,130522,130566,130569,130607,130610,130618,130620,130625,130629,130632,130680,130683,130686,130742,130746,130751,130754,130803,130805,130854,130860,130865,130867,130914,130918,130931,130933,130984,130990,130993,130997,131000,131006,131011,131013,131016,131088,131091,131108,131110,131115,131118,131122,131128,131134,131141,131147,131153,131155,131181],[10,129293,122639,129295,18],{"id":129294},"python-string-format-method",[15,129296,125642],{},[20,129298,122644,129299,129301],{},[15,129300,125642],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129303,129304],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[38,129306,41],{"id":40},[43,129308,129310],{"className":45,"code":129309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129311,129312,129324,129332,129336,129373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129313,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129315,7323],{"class":58},[52,129317,63],{"class":62},[52,129319,83],{"class":70},[52,129321,10951],{"class":74},[52,129323,2797],{"class":70},[52,129325,129326,129328,129330],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129327,21068],{"class":58},[52,129329,63],{"class":62},[52,129331,88230],{"class":947},[52,129333,129334],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,129335,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,129337,129338,129340,129342,129344,129347,129349,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129339,89437],{"class":58},[52,129341,63],{"class":62},[52,129343,83],{"class":70},[52,129345,129346],{"class":74},"My name is ",[52,129348,3234],{"class":947},[52,129350,129351],{"class":74}," and I am ",[52,129353,3234],{"class":947},[52,129355,121635],{"class":74},[52,129357,71],{"class":70},[52,129359,114],{"class":66},[52,129361,129362],{"class":117},"format",[52,129364,138],{"class":66},[52,129366,7115],{"class":117},[52,129368,80],{"class":66},[52,129370,8636],{"class":117},[52,129372,144],{"class":66},[52,129374,129375,129377,129379,129381],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,129376,135],{"class":134},[52,129378,138],{"class":66},[52,129380,89454],{"class":117},[52,129382,144],{"class":66},[20,129384,129385],{},[30,129386,1509],{},[43,129388,129390],{"className":45,"code":129389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129391,129392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129393,129394,129397,129399,129402,129405,129408,129411,129413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129395,129396],{"class":58},"My name ",[52,129398,11637],{"class":62},[52,129400,129401],{"class":58}," Maya ",[52,129403,129404],{"class":62},"and",[52,129406,129407],{"class":58}," I am ",[52,129409,129410],{"class":947},"12",[52,129412,121668],{"class":58},[52,129414,121671],{"class":66},[20,129416,799,129417,129419,129420,129422],{},[15,129418,3234],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129421,125642],{}," in the same order.",[20,129424,124391,129425,114],{},[221,129426,124394],{"href":50412},[38,129428,12439,129430,12442],{"id":129429},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129431,125642],{},[20,129433,1418,129434,10854],{},[15,129435,125642],{},[163,129437,129438,129441,129447,129450],{},[166,129439,129440],{},"inserts values into a string",[166,129442,129443,129444,129446],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129445,3234],{}," with given values",[166,129448,129449],{},"returns a new string",[166,129451,129452],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129454,267],{},[43,129456,129458],{"className":45,"code":129457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129459,129460,129474,129497,129501,129512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129461,129462,129464,129466,129468,129470,129472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129463,34120],{"class":58},[52,129465,63],{"class":62},[52,129467,83],{"class":70},[52,129469,44336],{"class":74},[52,129471,3234],{"class":947},[52,129473,2797],{"class":70},[52,129475,129476,129479,129481,129483,129485,129487,129489,129491,129493,129495],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129477,129478],{"class":58},"new_text ",[52,129480,63],{"class":62},[52,129482,42276],{"class":58},[52,129484,114],{"class":66},[52,129486,129362],{"class":117},[52,129488,138],{"class":66},[52,129490,71],{"class":70},[52,129492,7124],{"class":74},[52,129494,71],{"class":70},[52,129496,144],{"class":66},[52,129498,129499],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,129500,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,129502,129503,129505,129507,129510],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129504,135],{"class":134},[52,129506,138],{"class":66},[52,129508,129509],{"class":117},"new_text",[52,129511,144],{"class":66},[52,129513,129514,129516,129518,129520],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,129515,135],{"class":134},[52,129517,138],{"class":66},[52,129519,34141],{"class":117},[52,129521,144],{"class":66},[20,129523,129524],{},[30,129525,1509],{},[43,129527,129529],{"className":45,"code":129528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129530,129531,129540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129532,129533,129535,129537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129534,34299],{"class":58},[52,129536,80],{"class":66},[52,129538,129539],{"class":58}," Sam\n",[52,129541,129542,129544,129546],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129543,34299],{"class":58},[52,129545,80],{"class":66},[52,129547,9286],{"class":66},[20,129549,1725,129550,129552,129553,129555],{},[15,129551,34141],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129554,125642],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[38,129557,228],{"id":227},[20,129559,129560],{},"The general form is:",[43,129562,129564],{"className":45,"code":129563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129565,129566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129567,129568,129570,129573,129575,129577,129579,129581,129583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129569,71],{"class":42763},[52,129571,129572],{"class":42767},"text {}",[52,129574,71],{"class":42763},[52,129576,114],{"class":66},[52,129578,129362],{"class":117},[52,129580,138],{"class":66},[52,129582,985],{"class":117},[52,129584,144],{"class":66},[20,129586,129587],{},"Key idea:",[163,129589,129590,129596,129599],{},[166,129591,129592,129593,129595],{},"each ",[15,129594,3234],{}," is a placeholder",[166,129597,129598],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[166,129600,129601],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129603,267],{},[43,129605,129607],{"className":45,"code":129606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129608,129609,129622,129636,129640,129678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129610,129611,129614,129616,129618,129620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129612,129613],{"class":58},"animal ",[52,129615,63],{"class":62},[52,129617,83],{"class":70},[52,129619,488],{"class":74},[52,129621,2797],{"class":70},[52,129623,129624,129627,129629,129631,129634],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129625,129626],{"class":58},"sound ",[52,129628,63],{"class":62},[52,129630,83],{"class":70},[52,129632,129633],{"class":74},"meow",[52,129635,2797],{"class":70},[52,129637,129638],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,129639,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,129641,129642,129645,129647,129649,129651,129653,129656,129658,129660,129662,129664,129666,129668,129671,129673,129676],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,129643,129644],{"class":58},"sentence ",[52,129646,63],{"class":62},[52,129648,83],{"class":70},[52,129650,1418],{"class":74},[52,129652,3234],{"class":947},[52,129654,129655],{"class":74}," says ",[52,129657,3234],{"class":947},[52,129659,114],{"class":74},[52,129661,71],{"class":70},[52,129663,114],{"class":66},[52,129665,129362],{"class":117},[52,129667,138],{"class":66},[52,129669,129670],{"class":117},"animal",[52,129672,80],{"class":66},[52,129674,129675],{"class":117}," sound",[52,129677,144],{"class":66},[52,129679,129680,129682,129684,129687],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,129681,135],{"class":134},[52,129683,138],{"class":66},[52,129685,129686],{"class":117},"sentence",[52,129688,144],{"class":66},[20,129690,129691],{},[30,129692,1509],{},[43,129694,129696],{"className":45,"code":129695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129697,129698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129699,129700,129703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129701,129702],{"class":58},"The cat says meow",[52,129704,121671],{"class":66},[20,129706,129707],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[38,129709,129711],{"id":129710},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129713,129714,129715,129717],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129716,3234],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[43,129719,129721],{"className":45,"code":129720,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129722,129723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129724,129725,129727,129729,129731,129734,129736,129738,129740,129742,129744,129746,129748,129750,129752,129755,129757,129759,129761,129764,129766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129726,135],{"class":134},[52,129728,138],{"class":66},[52,129730,71],{"class":70},[52,129732,129733],{"class":74},"I like ",[52,129735,3234],{"class":947},[52,129737,803],{"class":74},[52,129739,3234],{"class":947},[52,129741,114],{"class":74},[52,129743,71],{"class":70},[52,129745,114],{"class":66},[52,129747,129362],{"class":117},[52,129749,138],{"class":66},[52,129751,71],{"class":70},[52,129753,129754],{"class":74},"pizza",[52,129756,71],{"class":70},[52,129758,80],{"class":66},[52,129760,83],{"class":70},[52,129762,129763],{"class":74},"pasta",[52,129765,71],{"class":70},[52,129767,1222],{"class":66},[20,129769,129770],{},[30,129771,1509],{},[43,129773,129775],{"className":45,"code":129774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129776,129777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129778,129779,129782,129784,129787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129780,129781],{"class":58},"I like pizza ",[52,129783,129404],{"class":62},[52,129785,129786],{"class":58}," pasta",[52,129788,121671],{"class":66},[20,129790,129791,129792,803,129795,114],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129793,129794],{},"{0}",[15,129796,129797],{},"{1}",[20,129799,129800],{},"This is helpful when:",[163,129802,129803,129806],{},[166,129804,129805],{},"you want to reuse a value",[166,129807,129808],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129810,129811],{},"Example with reused values:",[43,129813,129815],{"className":45,"code":129814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129816,129817,129851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129818,129819,129821,129823,129825,129827,129830,129832,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843,129845,129847,129849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129820,34120],{"class":58},[52,129822,63],{"class":62},[52,129824,83],{"class":70},[52,129826,129794],{"class":947},[52,129828,129829],{"class":74}," is learning Python. ",[52,129831,129794],{"class":947},[52,129833,129834],{"class":74}," likes coding.",[52,129836,71],{"class":70},[52,129838,114],{"class":66},[52,129840,129362],{"class":117},[52,129842,138],{"class":66},[52,129844,71],{"class":70},[52,129846,19321],{"class":74},[52,129848,71],{"class":70},[52,129850,144],{"class":66},[52,129852,129853,129855,129857,129859],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129854,135],{"class":134},[52,129856,138],{"class":66},[52,129858,34141],{"class":117},[52,129860,144],{"class":66},[20,129862,129863],{},[30,129864,1509],{},[43,129866,129868],{"className":45,"code":129867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129869,129870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129871,129872,129875,129877,129880,129882,129885,129888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129873,129874],{"class":58},"Lina ",[52,129876,11637],{"class":62},[52,129878,129879],{"class":58}," learning Python",[52,129881,114],{"class":66},[52,129883,129884],{"class":24190}," Lina",[52,129886,129887],{"class":58}," likes coding",[52,129889,121671],{"class":66},[20,129891,129892],{},"Example with changed order:",[43,129894,129896],{"className":45,"code":129895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129897,129898,129938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129899,129900,129902,129904,129906,129908,129910,129912,129914,129916,129918,129920,129922,129924,129926,129928,129930,129932,129934,129936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129901,34120],{"class":58},[52,129903,63],{"class":62},[52,129905,83],{"class":70},[52,129907,129797],{"class":947},[52,129909,82758],{"class":74},[52,129911,129794],{"class":947},[52,129913,114],{"class":74},[52,129915,71],{"class":70},[52,129917,114],{"class":66},[52,129919,129362],{"class":117},[52,129921,138],{"class":66},[52,129923,71],{"class":70},[52,129925,6031],{"class":74},[52,129927,71],{"class":70},[52,129929,80],{"class":66},[52,129931,83],{"class":70},[52,129933,78703],{"class":74},[52,129935,71],{"class":70},[52,129937,144],{"class":66},[52,129939,129940,129942,129944,129946],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,129941,135],{"class":134},[52,129943,138],{"class":66},[52,129945,34141],{"class":117},[52,129947,144],{"class":66},[20,129949,129950],{},[30,129951,1509],{},[43,129953,129955],{"className":45,"code":129954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"two comes after one.\n",[15,129956,129957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129958,129959,129962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129960,129961],{"class":58},"two comes after one",[52,129963,121671],{"class":66},[20,129965,129966,129967,129969],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,129968,3234],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[38,129971,129973],{"id":129972},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,129975,129976,129977,114],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,129978,129979],{},"{name}",[20,129981,129982,129983,202],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,129984,125642],{},[43,129986,129988],{"className":45,"code":129987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129989,129990,130042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129991,129992,129994,129996,129998,130000,130002,130005,130008,130010,130012,130014,130016,130018,130020,130022,130024,130026,130028,130030,130032,130034,130036,130038,130040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129993,34120],{"class":58},[52,129995,63],{"class":62},[52,129997,83],{"class":70},[52,129999,129346],{"class":74},[52,130001,129979],{"class":947},[52,130003,130004],{"class":74}," and I live in ",[52,130006,130007],{"class":947},"{city}",[52,130009,114],{"class":74},[52,130011,71],{"class":70},[52,130013,114],{"class":66},[52,130015,129362],{"class":117},[52,130017,138],{"class":66},[52,130019,7115],{"class":8623},[52,130021,63],{"class":62},[52,130023,71],{"class":70},[52,130025,12323],{"class":74},[52,130027,71],{"class":70},[52,130029,80],{"class":66},[52,130031,30815],{"class":8623},[52,130033,63],{"class":62},[52,130035,71],{"class":70},[52,130037,15470],{"class":74},[52,130039,71],{"class":70},[52,130041,144],{"class":66},[52,130043,130044,130046,130048,130050],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130045,135],{"class":134},[52,130047,138],{"class":66},[52,130049,34141],{"class":117},[52,130051,144],{"class":66},[20,130053,130054],{},[30,130055,1509],{},[43,130057,130059],{"className":45,"code":130058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130060,130061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130062,130063,130065,130067,130070,130072,130075,130077,130080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130064,129396],{"class":58},[52,130066,11637],{"class":62},[52,130068,130069],{"class":58}," Ana ",[52,130071,129404],{"class":62},[52,130073,130074],{"class":58}," I live ",[52,130076,3326],{"class":62},[52,130078,130079],{"class":58}," Lima",[52,130081,121671],{"class":66},[20,130083,130084],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[163,130086,130087,130090,130093],{},[166,130088,130089],{},"they make code easier to read",[166,130091,130092],{},"they help when a string has many values",[166,130094,130095],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130097,267],{},[43,130099,130101],{"className":45,"code":130100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130102,130103,130155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130104,130105,130108,130110,130112,130115,130118,130121,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130134,130136,130138,130141,130143,130145,130148,130150,130153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130106,130107],{"class":58},"report ",[52,130109,63],{"class":62},[52,130111,83],{"class":70},[52,130113,130114],{"class":74},"Student: ",[52,130116,130117],{"class":947},"{student}",[52,130119,130120],{"class":74},", Score: ",[52,130122,130123],{"class":947},"{score}",[52,130125,71],{"class":70},[52,130127,114],{"class":66},[52,130129,129362],{"class":117},[52,130131,138],{"class":66},[52,130133,13065],{"class":8623},[52,130135,63],{"class":62},[52,130137,71],{"class":70},[52,130139,130140],{"class":74},"Noah",[52,130142,71],{"class":70},[52,130144,80],{"class":66},[52,130146,130147],{"class":8623}," score",[52,130149,63],{"class":62},[52,130151,130152],{"class":947},"95",[52,130154,144],{"class":66},[52,130156,130157,130159,130161,130163],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130158,135],{"class":134},[52,130160,138],{"class":66},[52,130162,127352],{"class":117},[52,130164,144],{"class":66},[20,130166,130167],{},[30,130168,1509],{},[43,130170,130172],{"className":45,"code":130171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130173,130174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130175,130176,130179,130181,130184,130186,130189,130191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130177,130178],{"class":58},"Student",[52,130180,202],{"class":66},[52,130182,130183],{"class":58}," Noah",[52,130185,80],{"class":66},[52,130187,130188],{"class":58}," Score",[52,130190,202],{"class":66},[52,130192,130193],{"class":947}," 95\n",[20,130195,130196,130197,114],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[221,130198,3015,130199,2948],{"href":41609},[15,130200,47119],{},[38,130202,130204],{"id":130203},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130206,130207,130209],{},[15,130208,125642],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130211,130212,130213,130216],{},"A common example is ",[15,130214,130215],{},":.2f",", which means:",[163,130218,130219,130222],{},[166,130220,130221],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[166,130223,130224],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130226,267],{},[43,130228,130230],{"className":45,"code":130229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130231,130232,130240,130269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130233,130234,130236,130238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130235,39820],{"class":58},[52,130237,63],{"class":62},[52,130239,48712],{"class":947},[52,130241,130242,130244,130246,130248,130251,130253,130255,130257,130259,130261,130263,130265,130267],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130243,34120],{"class":58},[52,130245,63],{"class":62},[52,130247,83],{"class":70},[52,130249,130250],{"class":74},"Price: $",[52,130252,8726],{"class":947},[52,130254,130215],{"class":1503},[52,130256,21743],{"class":947},[52,130258,71],{"class":70},[52,130260,114],{"class":66},[52,130262,129362],{"class":117},[52,130264,138],{"class":66},[52,130266,24590],{"class":117},[52,130268,144],{"class":66},[52,130270,130271,130273,130275,130277],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,130272,135],{"class":134},[52,130274,138],{"class":66},[52,130276,34141],{"class":117},[52,130278,144],{"class":66},[20,130280,130281],{},[30,130282,1509],{},[43,130284,130286],{"className":45,"code":130285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130287,130288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130289,130290,130293,130295,130298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130291,130292],{"class":58},"Price",[52,130294,202],{"class":66},[52,130296,130297],{"class":36799}," $",[52,130299,130300],{"class":947},"3.50\n",[20,130302,51517],{},[43,130304,130306],{"className":45,"code":130305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130307,130308,130318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130309,130310,130313,130315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130311,130312],{"class":58},"average ",[52,130314,63],{"class":62},[52,130316,130317],{"class":947}," 91.236\n",[52,130319,130320,130322,130324,130326,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130346],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130321,135],{"class":134},[52,130323,138],{"class":66},[52,130325,71],{"class":70},[52,130327,130328],{"class":74},"Average: ",[52,130330,8726],{"class":947},[52,130332,130215],{"class":1503},[52,130334,21743],{"class":947},[52,130336,71],{"class":70},[52,130338,114],{"class":66},[52,130340,129362],{"class":117},[52,130342,138],{"class":66},[52,130344,130345],{"class":117},"average",[52,130347,1222],{"class":66},[20,130349,130350],{},[30,130351,1509],{},[43,130353,130355],{"className":45,"code":130354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130356,130357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130358,130359,130362,130364],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130360,130361],{"class":58},"Average",[52,130363,202],{"class":66},[52,130365,130366],{"class":947}," 91.24\n",[20,130368,130369],{},"This is useful for:",[163,130371,130372,130374,130377],{},[166,130373,82516],{},[166,130375,130376],{},"averages",[166,130378,130379],{},"percentages",[20,130381,130382,130383,114],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[221,130384,3015,130385,1742],{"href":45884},[15,130386,45887],{},[38,130388,16859],{"id":16858},[20,130390,130391,91951],{},[15,130392,125642],{},[20,130394,130395],{},"That means you can:",[163,130397,130398,130401,130404],{},[166,130399,130400],{},"save it in a variable",[166,130402,130403],{},"print it directly",[166,130405,130406],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130408,267],{},[43,130410,130412],{"className":45,"code":130411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130413,130414,130445,130455],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130415,130416,130418,130420,130422,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130441,130443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130417,89437],{"class":58},[52,130419,63],{"class":62},[52,130421,83],{"class":70},[52,130423,44336],{"class":74},[52,130425,3234],{"class":947},[52,130427,89278],{"class":74},[52,130429,71],{"class":70},[52,130431,114],{"class":66},[52,130433,129362],{"class":117},[52,130435,138],{"class":66},[52,130437,71],{"class":70},[52,130439,130440],{"class":74},"Chris",[52,130442,71],{"class":70},[52,130444,144],{"class":66},[52,130446,130447,130449,130451,130453],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130448,135],{"class":134},[52,130450,138],{"class":66},[52,130452,89454],{"class":117},[52,130454,144],{"class":66},[52,130456,130457,130459,130461,130463,130465,130467],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,130458,135],{"class":134},[52,130460,138],{"class":66},[52,130462,1231],{"class":600},[52,130464,138],{"class":66},[52,130466,89454],{"class":117},[52,130468,1222],{"class":66},[20,130470,130471],{},[30,130472,1509],{},[43,130474,130476],{"className":45,"code":130475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130477,130478,130487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130479,130480,130482,130484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130481,34299],{"class":58},[52,130483,80],{"class":66},[52,130485,130486],{"class":58}," Chris!\n",[52,130488,130489,130491,130493,130495,130497,130499],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130490,2729],{"class":62},[52,130492,2732],{"class":1503},[52,130494,617],{"class":70},[52,130496,2882],{"class":74},[52,130498,608],{"class":70},[52,130500,2741],{"class":62},[20,130502,130503],{},"The original string is not changed.",[38,130505,130507,130509],{"id":130506},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130508,125642],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130511,130512,130514],{},[15,130513,125642],{}," is a string method.",[20,130516,130517],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130519,45475,130520,202],{},[15,130521,125642],{},[43,130523,130525],{"className":45,"code":130524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130526,130527,130540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130528,130529,130531,130533,130535,130538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130530,7323],{"class":58},[52,130532,63],{"class":62},[52,130534,83],{"class":70},[52,130536,130537],{"class":74},"Rita",[52,130539,2797],{"class":70},[52,130541,130542,130544,130546,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130543,135],{"class":134},[52,130545,138],{"class":66},[52,130547,71],{"class":70},[52,130549,44336],{"class":74},[52,130551,3234],{"class":947},[52,130553,89278],{"class":74},[52,130555,71],{"class":70},[52,130557,114],{"class":66},[52,130559,129362],{"class":117},[52,130561,138],{"class":66},[52,130563,7115],{"class":117},[52,130565,1222],{"class":66},[20,130567,130568],{},"Example with an f-string:",[43,130570,130572],{"className":45,"code":130571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130573,130574,130586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130575,130576,130578,130580,130582,130584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130577,7323],{"class":58},[52,130579,63],{"class":62},[52,130581,83],{"class":70},[52,130583,130537],{"class":74},[52,130585,2797],{"class":70},[52,130587,130588,130590,130592,130594,130596,130598,130600,130602,130605],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130589,135],{"class":134},[52,130591,138],{"class":66},[52,130593,21734],{"class":1503},[52,130595,42781],{"class":74},[52,130597,8726],{"class":947},[52,130599,7115],{"class":117},[52,130601,21743],{"class":947},[52,130603,130604],{"class":74},"!\"",[52,130606,144],{"class":66},[20,130608,130609],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130611,130612,130613,130615,130616,114],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130614,125642],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[221,130617,89123],{"href":89122},[38,130619,1158],{"id":1157},[20,130621,130622,130623,114],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130624,125642],{},[699,130626,130628],{"id":130627},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130630,130631],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[43,130633,130635],{"className":45,"code":130634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130636,130637,130670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130638,130639,130641,130643,130645,130647,130649,130652,130654,130656,130658,130660,130662,130664,130666,130668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130640,34120],{"class":58},[52,130642,63],{"class":62},[52,130644,83],{"class":70},[52,130646,44336],{"class":74},[52,130648,3234],{"class":947},[52,130650,130651],{"class":947}," {}",[52,130653,89278],{"class":74},[52,130655,71],{"class":70},[52,130657,114],{"class":66},[52,130659,129362],{"class":117},[52,130661,138],{"class":66},[52,130663,71],{"class":70},[52,130665,7124],{"class":74},[52,130667,71],{"class":70},[52,130669,144],{"class":66},[52,130671,130672,130674,130676,130678],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130673,135],{"class":134},[52,130675,138],{"class":66},[52,130677,34141],{"class":117},[52,130679,144],{"class":66},[20,130681,130682],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130684,130685],{},"Fixed version:",[43,130687,130689],{"className":45,"code":130688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130690,130691,130732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130692,130693,130695,130697,130699,130701,130703,130705,130707,130709,130711,130713,130715,130717,130719,130721,130723,130725,130728,130730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130694,34120],{"class":58},[52,130696,63],{"class":62},[52,130698,83],{"class":70},[52,130700,44336],{"class":74},[52,130702,3234],{"class":947},[52,130704,130651],{"class":947},[52,130706,89278],{"class":74},[52,130708,71],{"class":70},[52,130710,114],{"class":66},[52,130712,129362],{"class":117},[52,130714,138],{"class":66},[52,130716,71],{"class":70},[52,130718,7124],{"class":74},[52,130720,71],{"class":70},[52,130722,80],{"class":66},[52,130724,83],{"class":70},[52,130726,130727],{"class":74},"Lee",[52,130729,71],{"class":70},[52,130731,144],{"class":66},[52,130733,130734,130736,130738,130740],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130735,135],{"class":134},[52,130737,138],{"class":66},[52,130739,34141],{"class":117},[52,130741,144],{"class":66},[699,130743,130745],{"id":130744},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130747,130748,130749,114],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130750,125642],{},[20,130752,130753],{},"Problem:",[43,130755,130757],{"className":45,"code":130756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130758,130759,130793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130760,130761,130763,130765,130767,130769,130771,130773,130775,130777,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789,130791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130762,34120],{"class":58},[52,130764,63],{"class":62},[52,130766,83],{"class":70},[52,130768,44336],{"class":74},[52,130770,129979],{"class":947},[52,130772,89278],{"class":74},[52,130774,71],{"class":70},[52,130776,114],{"class":66},[52,130778,129362],{"class":117},[52,130780,138],{"class":66},[52,130782,7432],{"class":8623},[52,130784,63],{"class":62},[52,130786,71],{"class":70},[52,130788,7124],{"class":74},[52,130790,71],{"class":70},[52,130792,144],{"class":66},[52,130794,130795,130797,130799,130801],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130796,135],{"class":134},[52,130798,138],{"class":66},[52,130800,34141],{"class":117},[52,130802,144],{"class":66},[20,130804,130685],{},[43,130806,130808],{"className":45,"code":130807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130809,130810,130844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130811,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822,130824,130826,130828,130830,130832,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130813,34120],{"class":58},[52,130815,63],{"class":62},[52,130817,83],{"class":70},[52,130819,44336],{"class":74},[52,130821,129979],{"class":947},[52,130823,89278],{"class":74},[52,130825,71],{"class":70},[52,130827,114],{"class":66},[52,130829,129362],{"class":117},[52,130831,138],{"class":66},[52,130833,7115],{"class":8623},[52,130835,63],{"class":62},[52,130837,71],{"class":70},[52,130839,7124],{"class":74},[52,130841,71],{"class":70},[52,130843,144],{"class":66},[52,130845,130846,130848,130850,130852],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130847,135],{"class":134},[52,130849,138],{"class":66},[52,130851,34141],{"class":117},[52,130853,144],{"class":66},[699,130855,1174,130857,130859],{"id":130856},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130858,125642],{}," to change the original string",[20,130861,130862,130864],{},[15,130863,125642],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130866,130753],{},[43,130868,130870],{"className":45,"code":130869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130871,130872,130886,130904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130873,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130875,34120],{"class":58},[52,130877,63],{"class":62},[52,130879,83],{"class":70},[52,130881,44336],{"class":74},[52,130883,3234],{"class":947},[52,130885,2797],{"class":70},[52,130887,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130889,34141],{"class":58},[52,130891,114],{"class":66},[52,130893,129362],{"class":117},[52,130895,138],{"class":66},[52,130897,71],{"class":70},[52,130899,7124],{"class":74},[52,130901,71],{"class":70},[52,130903,144],{"class":66},[52,130905,130906,130908,130910,130912],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,130907,135],{"class":134},[52,130909,138],{"class":66},[52,130911,34141],{"class":117},[52,130913,144],{"class":66},[20,130915,130916],{},[30,130917,1509],{},[43,130919,130921],{"className":45,"code":130920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, {}\n",[15,130922,130923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130924,130925,130927,130929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130926,34299],{"class":58},[52,130928,80],{"class":66},[52,130930,9286],{"class":66},[20,130932,130685],{},[43,130934,130936],{"className":45,"code":130935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130937,130938,130952,130974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130939,130940,130942,130944,130946,130948,130950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130941,34120],{"class":58},[52,130943,63],{"class":62},[52,130945,83],{"class":70},[52,130947,44336],{"class":74},[52,130949,3234],{"class":947},[52,130951,2797],{"class":70},[52,130953,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130968,130970,130972],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,130955,34120],{"class":58},[52,130957,63],{"class":62},[52,130959,42276],{"class":58},[52,130961,114],{"class":66},[52,130963,129362],{"class":117},[52,130965,138],{"class":66},[52,130967,71],{"class":70},[52,130969,7124],{"class":74},[52,130971,71],{"class":70},[52,130973,144],{"class":66},[52,130975,130976,130978,130980,130982],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,130977,135],{"class":134},[52,130979,138],{"class":66},[52,130981,34141],{"class":117},[52,130983,144],{"class":66},[699,130985,4147,130987,130989],{"id":130986},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,130988,125642],{}," returns a new string",[20,130991,130992],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[699,130994,130996],{"id":130995},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,130998,130999],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131001,131002,131003,131005],{},"Use simple ",[15,131004,3234],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131007,131008,131009,114],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[221,131010,89836],{"href":89835},[38,131012,67331],{"id":67330},[20,131014,131015],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[43,131017,131019],{"className":45,"code":131018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131020,131021,131031,131045,131074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131022,131023,131025,131027,131029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131024,135],{"class":134},[52,131026,138],{"class":66},[52,131028,34141],{"class":117},[52,131030,144],{"class":66},[52,131032,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131034,135],{"class":134},[52,131036,138],{"class":66},[52,131038,1231],{"class":600},[52,131040,138],{"class":66},[52,131042,985],{"class":117},[52,131044,1222],{"class":66},[52,131046,131047,131049,131051,131053,131056,131058,131060,131062,131064,131066,131068,131070,131072],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,131048,135],{"class":134},[52,131050,138],{"class":66},[52,131052,71],{"class":70},[52,131054,131055],{"class":74},"Hello ",[52,131057,3234],{"class":947},[52,131059,71],{"class":70},[52,131061,114],{"class":66},[52,131063,129362],{"class":117},[52,131065,138],{"class":66},[52,131067,71],{"class":70},[52,131069,7124],{"class":74},[52,131071,71],{"class":70},[52,131073,1222],{"class":66},[52,131075,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131077,31583],{"class":134},[52,131079,138],{"class":66},[52,131081,2882],{"class":600},[52,131083,114],{"class":66},[52,131085,129362],{"class":24190},[52,131087,144],{"class":66},[20,131089,131090],{},"Use them to check:",[163,131092,131093,131096,131099,131102],{},[166,131094,131095],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[166,131097,131098],{},"what type your value has",[166,131100,131101],{},"whether a small test example works",[166,131103,131104,131105],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131106,131107],{},"str.format",[38,131109,1273],{"id":1272},[699,131111,129143,131113,12159],{"id":131112},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131114,125642],{},[20,131116,131117],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[699,131119,131121],{"id":131120},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131123,131124,131125,131127],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131126,3234],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[699,131129,131131,131132,1293],{"id":131130},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131133,125642],{},[20,131135,131136,131137,131140],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131138,131139],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[699,131142,14343,131144,131146],{"id":131143},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131145,125642],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131148,131149,131150,131152],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131151,125642],{}," is still useful and common.",[38,131154,1332],{"id":1331},[163,131156,131157,131161,131165,131171,131177],{},[166,131158,131159],{},[221,131160,124394],{"href":50412},[166,131162,131163],{},[221,131164,90113],{"href":89122},[166,131166,131167],{},[221,131168,3015,131169,2948],{"href":45884},[15,131170,45887],{},[166,131172,131173],{},[221,131174,3015,131175,2948],{"href":41609},[15,131176,47119],{},[166,131178,131179],{},[221,131180,89836],{"href":89835},[1364,131182,131183],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":131185},[131186,131187,131189,131190,131191,131192,131193,131194,131196,131205,131206,131215],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":129429,"depth":103,"text":131188},"What the format() method does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":129710,"depth":103,"text":129711},{"id":129972,"depth":103,"text":129973},{"id":130203,"depth":103,"text":130204},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":130506,"depth":103,"text":131195},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":131197},[131198,131199,131200,131202,131204],{"id":130627,"depth":124,"text":130628},{"id":130744,"depth":124,"text":130745},{"id":130856,"depth":124,"text":131201},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":130986,"depth":124,"text":131203},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":130995,"depth":124,"text":130996},{"id":67330,"depth":103,"text":67331},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":131207},[131208,131210,131211,131213],{"id":131112,"depth":124,"text":131209},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131120,"depth":124,"text":131121},{"id":131130,"depth":124,"text":131212},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131143,"depth":124,"text":131214},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129289,"description":131216},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131223,"title":131224,"body":131225,"description":132705,"extension":1401,"meta":132706,"navigation":127,"path":132707,"seo":132708,"stem":132709,"__hash__":132710},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131226,"toc":132677},[131227,131232,131237,131242,131244,131306,131313,131319,131324,131326,131342,131344,131415,131417,131431,131434,131484,131486,131488,131515,131518,131533,131536,131577,131580,131625,131632,131681,131683,131691,131693,131711,131713,131806,131814,131855,131860,131867,131873,131880,131883,131887,131988,131990,132012,132016,132069,132072,132075,132081,132088,132090,132129,132131,132149,132159,132166,132249,132252,132259,132266,132273,132277,132285,132331,132335,132344,132409,132414,132419,132430,132432,132437,132464,132466,132569,132572,132592,132594,132599,132602,132606,132610,132617,132626,132632,132635,132641,132643,132645,132674],[10,131228,122639,131230,18],{"id":131229},"python-string-index-method",[15,131231,58403],{},[20,131233,122644,131234,131236],{},[15,131235,58403],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131238,131239,131240,114],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131241,40137],{},[38,131243,41],{"id":40},[43,131245,131247],{"className":45,"code":131246,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131248,131249,131261,131283,131293,131297,131301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131250,131251,131253,131255,131257,131259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131252,34120],{"class":58},[52,131254,63],{"class":62},[52,131256,83],{"class":70},[52,131258,59842],{"class":74},[52,131260,2797],{"class":70},[52,131262,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131264,64355],{"class":58},[52,131266,63],{"class":62},[52,131268,42276],{"class":58},[52,131270,114],{"class":66},[52,131272,35279],{"class":117},[52,131274,138],{"class":66},[52,131276,71],{"class":70},[52,131278,60027],{"class":74},[52,131280,71],{"class":70},[52,131282,144],{"class":66},[52,131284,131285,131287,131289,131291],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,131286,135],{"class":134},[52,131288,138],{"class":66},[52,131290,64382],{"class":117},[52,131292,144],{"class":66},[52,131294,131295],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131296,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,131298,131299],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,131300,90254],{"class":3105},[52,131302,131303],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,131304,131305],{"class":3105},"# 6\n",[20,131307,799,131308,131310,131311,114],{},[15,131309,58403],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131312,40137],{},[38,131314,194,131316,197],{"id":131315},"what-strindex-does",[15,131317,131318],{},"str.index()",[20,131320,131321,131323],{},[15,131322,131318],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131325,247],{},[163,131327,131328,131331,131334,131337],{},[166,131329,131330],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[166,131332,131333],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[166,131335,131336],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[166,131338,29723,131339,131341],{},[15,131340,40137],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131343,267],{},[43,131345,131347],{"className":45,"code":131346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131348,131349,131361,131365,131390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131350,131351,131353,131355,131357,131359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131352,34120],{"class":58},[52,131354,63],{"class":62},[52,131356,83],{"class":70},[52,131358,86],{"class":74},[52,131360,2797],{"class":70},[52,131362,131363],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131364,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,131366,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377,131379,131381,131383,131385,131387],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,131368,135],{"class":134},[52,131370,138],{"class":66},[52,131372,34141],{"class":117},[52,131374,114],{"class":66},[52,131376,35279],{"class":117},[52,131378,138],{"class":66},[52,131380,71],{"class":70},[52,131382,221],{"class":74},[52,131384,71],{"class":70},[52,131386,4807],{"class":66},[52,131388,131389],{"class":3105},"     # 1\n",[52,131391,131392,131394,131396,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408,131410,131412],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131393,135],{"class":134},[52,131395,138],{"class":66},[52,131397,34141],{"class":117},[52,131399,114],{"class":66},[52,131401,35279],{"class":117},[52,131403,138],{"class":66},[52,131405,71],{"class":70},[52,131407,122732],{"class":74},[52,131409,71],{"class":70},[52,131411,4807],{"class":66},[52,131413,131414],{"class":3105},"    # 2\n",[20,131416,1616],{},[163,131418,131419,131425],{},[166,131420,131421,127852,131423],{},[15,131422,17535],{},[15,131424,948],{},[166,131426,131427,127852,131429],{},[15,131428,127851],{},[15,131430,1047],{},[20,131432,131433],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[43,131435,131437],{"className":45,"code":131436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131438,131439,131451,131455,131479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131440,131441,131443,131445,131447,131449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131442,34120],{"class":58},[52,131444,63],{"class":62},[52,131446,83],{"class":70},[52,131448,34299],{"class":74},[52,131450,2797],{"class":70},[52,131452,131453],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131454,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,131456,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473,131475,131477],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,131458,135],{"class":134},[52,131460,138],{"class":66},[52,131462,34141],{"class":117},[52,131464,114],{"class":66},[52,131466,35279],{"class":117},[52,131468,138],{"class":66},[52,131470,71],{"class":70},[52,131472,50628],{"class":74},[52,131474,71],{"class":70},[52,131476,4807],{"class":66},[52,131478,20207],{"class":3105},[52,131480,131481],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131482,131483],{"class":3105},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[38,131485,228],{"id":227},[20,131487,1597],{},[43,131489,131491],{"className":45,"code":131490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131492,131493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131494,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511,131513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131496,60610],{"class":58},[52,131498,114],{"class":66},[52,131500,35279],{"class":117},[52,131502,138],{"class":66},[52,131504,985],{"class":117},[52,131506,80],{"class":66},[52,131508,35485],{"class":117},[52,131510,80],{"class":66},[52,131512,64476],{"class":117},[52,131514,144],{"class":66},[20,131516,131517],{},"Parameters:",[163,131519,131520,131524,131528],{},[166,131521,131522,122831],{},[15,131523,985],{},[166,131525,131526,127898],{},[15,131527,35506],{},[166,131529,131530,131532],{},[15,131531,52098],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131534,131535],{},"You can use just the value:",[43,131537,131539],{"className":45,"code":131538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131540,131541,131553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131544,34120],{"class":58},[52,131546,63],{"class":62},[52,131548,83],{"class":70},[52,131550,47],{"class":74},[52,131552,2797],{"class":70},[52,131554,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131556,135],{"class":134},[52,131558,138],{"class":66},[52,131560,34141],{"class":117},[52,131562,114],{"class":66},[52,131564,35279],{"class":117},[52,131566,138],{"class":66},[52,131568,71],{"class":70},[52,131570,62722],{"class":74},[52,131572,71],{"class":70},[52,131574,4807],{"class":66},[52,131576,50852],{"class":3105},[20,131578,131579],{},"Or include a start position:",[43,131581,131583],{"className":45,"code":131582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131584,131585,131597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131586,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131588,34120],{"class":58},[52,131590,63],{"class":62},[52,131592,83],{"class":70},[52,131594,86],{"class":74},[52,131596,2797],{"class":70},[52,131598,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607,131609,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131600,135],{"class":134},[52,131602,138],{"class":66},[52,131604,34141],{"class":117},[52,131606,114],{"class":66},[52,131608,35279],{"class":117},[52,131610,138],{"class":66},[52,131612,71],{"class":70},[52,131614,221],{"class":74},[52,131616,71],{"class":70},[52,131618,80],{"class":66},[52,131620,953],{"class":947},[52,131622,4807],{"class":66},[52,131624,50207],{"class":3105},[20,131626,131627,131628,803,131630,202],{},"Or include both ",[15,131629,35506],{},[15,131631,52098],{},[43,131633,131635],{"className":45,"code":131634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131636,131637,131649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131638,131639,131641,131643,131645,131647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131640,34120],{"class":58},[52,131642,63],{"class":62},[52,131644,83],{"class":70},[52,131646,86],{"class":74},[52,131648,2797],{"class":70},[52,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659,131661,131663,131665,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131652,135],{"class":134},[52,131654,138],{"class":66},[52,131656,34141],{"class":117},[52,131658,114],{"class":66},[52,131660,35279],{"class":117},[52,131662,138],{"class":66},[52,131664,71],{"class":70},[52,131666,221],{"class":74},[52,131668,71],{"class":70},[52,131670,80],{"class":66},[52,131672,953],{"class":947},[52,131674,80],{"class":66},[52,131676,4048],{"class":947},[52,131678,4807],{"class":66},[52,131680,50207],{"class":3105},[38,131682,37453],{"id":37452},[20,131684,28145,131685,131687,131688,114],{},[15,131686,58403],{}," is a ",[30,131689,131690],{},"zero-based index",[20,131692,360],{},[163,131694,131695,131701,131706],{},[166,131696,131697,131698,131700],{},"Index ",[15,131699,1558],{}," is the first character",[166,131702,131697,131703,131705],{},[15,131704,948],{}," is the second character",[166,131707,131697,131708,131710],{},[15,131709,1047],{}," is the third character",[20,131712,267],{},[43,131714,131716],{"className":45,"code":131715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131717,131718,131730,131734,131758,131782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131719,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131721,34120],{"class":58},[52,131723,63],{"class":62},[52,131725,83],{"class":70},[52,131727,488],{"class":74},[52,131729,2797],{"class":70},[52,131731,131732],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131733,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,131735,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,131737,135],{"class":134},[52,131739,138],{"class":66},[52,131741,34141],{"class":117},[52,131743,114],{"class":66},[52,131745,35279],{"class":117},[52,131747,138],{"class":66},[52,131749,71],{"class":70},[52,131751,9187],{"class":74},[52,131753,71],{"class":70},[52,131755,4807],{"class":66},[52,131757,50684],{"class":3105},[52,131759,131760,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131761,135],{"class":134},[52,131763,138],{"class":66},[52,131765,34141],{"class":117},[52,131767,114],{"class":66},[52,131769,35279],{"class":117},[52,131771,138],{"class":66},[52,131773,71],{"class":70},[52,131775,221],{"class":74},[52,131777,71],{"class":70},[52,131779,4807],{"class":66},[52,131781,27218],{"class":3105},[52,131783,131784,131786,131788,131790,131792,131794,131796,131798,131800,131802,131804],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,131785,135],{"class":134},[52,131787,138],{"class":66},[52,131789,34141],{"class":117},[52,131791,114],{"class":66},[52,131793,35279],{"class":117},[52,131795,138],{"class":66},[52,131797,71],{"class":70},[52,131799,62722],{"class":74},[52,131801,71],{"class":70},[52,131803,4807],{"class":66},[52,131805,50852],{"class":3105},[20,131807,131808,131810,131811,131813],{},[15,131809,58403],{}," returns only the ",[30,131812,29339],{}," matching position.",[43,131815,131817],{"className":45,"code":131816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131818,131819,131831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131820,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131822,34120],{"class":58},[52,131824,63],{"class":62},[52,131826,83],{"class":70},[52,131828,86],{"class":74},[52,131830,2797],{"class":70},[52,131832,131833,131835,131837,131839,131841,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851,131853],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131834,135],{"class":134},[52,131836,138],{"class":66},[52,131838,34141],{"class":117},[52,131840,114],{"class":66},[52,131842,35279],{"class":117},[52,131844,138],{"class":66},[52,131846,71],{"class":70},[52,131848,221],{"class":74},[52,131850,71],{"class":70},[52,131852,4807],{"class":66},[52,131854,27218],{"class":3105},[20,131856,20417,131857,131859],{},[15,131858,17535],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131861,131862,131863,114],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[221,131864,131865,1070],{"href":124089},[15,131866,58025],{},[38,131868,1185,131869,803,131871],{"id":64842},[15,131870,35506],{},[15,131872,52098],{},[20,131874,1418,131875,803,131877,131879],{},[15,131876,35506],{},[15,131878,52098],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131881,131882],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131884,45475,131885,202],{},[15,131886,35506],{},[43,131888,131890],{"className":45,"code":131889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131891,131892,131904,131908,131932,131960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131893,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131895,34120],{"class":58},[52,131897,63],{"class":62},[52,131899,83],{"class":70},[52,131901,86],{"class":74},[52,131903,2797],{"class":70},[52,131905,131906],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,131907,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,131909,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,131911,135],{"class":134},[52,131913,138],{"class":66},[52,131915,34141],{"class":117},[52,131917,114],{"class":66},[52,131919,35279],{"class":117},[52,131921,138],{"class":66},[52,131923,71],{"class":70},[52,131925,221],{"class":74},[52,131927,71],{"class":70},[52,131929,4807],{"class":66},[52,131931,50557],{"class":3105},[52,131933,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952,131954,131956,131958],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,131935,135],{"class":134},[52,131937,138],{"class":66},[52,131939,34141],{"class":117},[52,131941,114],{"class":66},[52,131943,35279],{"class":117},[52,131945,138],{"class":66},[52,131947,71],{"class":70},[52,131949,221],{"class":74},[52,131951,71],{"class":70},[52,131953,80],{"class":66},[52,131955,953],{"class":947},[52,131957,4807],{"class":66},[52,131959,50406],{"class":3105},[52,131961,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984,131986],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,131963,135],{"class":134},[52,131965,138],{"class":66},[52,131967,34141],{"class":117},[52,131969,114],{"class":66},[52,131971,35279],{"class":117},[52,131973,138],{"class":66},[52,131975,71],{"class":70},[52,131977,221],{"class":74},[52,131979,71],{"class":70},[52,131981,80],{"class":66},[52,131983,1896],{"class":947},[52,131985,4807],{"class":66},[52,131987,50190],{"class":3105},[20,131989,19396],{},[163,131991,131992,131999,132005],{},[166,131993,131994,131995,65032,131997],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,131996,17535],{},[15,131998,948],{},[166,132000,132001,132002,132004],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132003,1047],{}," skips that first match",[166,132006,132001,132007,132009,132010],{},[15,132008,1943],{}," finds the last ",[15,132011,17535],{},[20,132013,45475,132014,202],{},[15,132015,52098],{},[43,132017,132019],{"className":45,"code":132018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132020,132021,132033,132037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132022,132023,132025,132027,132029,132031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132024,34120],{"class":58},[52,132026,63],{"class":62},[52,132028,83],{"class":70},[52,132030,86],{"class":74},[52,132032,2797],{"class":70},[52,132034,132035],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132036,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,132038,132039,132041,132043,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065,132067],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132040,135],{"class":134},[52,132042,138],{"class":66},[52,132044,34141],{"class":117},[52,132046,114],{"class":66},[52,132048,35279],{"class":117},[52,132050,138],{"class":66},[52,132052,71],{"class":70},[52,132054,75462],{"class":74},[52,132056,71],{"class":70},[52,132058,80],{"class":66},[52,132060,3276],{"class":947},[52,132062,80],{"class":66},[52,132064,1896],{"class":947},[52,132066,4807],{"class":66},[52,132068,50852],{"class":3105},[20,132070,132071],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132073,132074],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[38,132076,43648,132078,132080],{"id":132077},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132079,58403],{}," causes an error",[20,132082,132083,132084,51932,132086,114],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132085,58403],{},[15,132087,40137],{},[20,132089,267],{},[43,132091,132093],{"className":45,"code":132092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132094,132095,132107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132096,132097,132099,132101,132103,132105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132098,34120],{"class":58},[52,132100,63],{"class":62},[52,132102,83],{"class":70},[52,132104,3288],{"class":74},[52,132106,2797],{"class":70},[52,132108,132109,132111,132113,132115,132117,132119,132121,132123,132125,132127],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132110,135],{"class":134},[52,132112,138],{"class":66},[52,132114,34141],{"class":117},[52,132116,114],{"class":66},[52,132118,35279],{"class":117},[52,132120,138],{"class":66},[52,132122,71],{"class":70},[52,132124,21517],{"class":74},[52,132126,71],{"class":70},[52,132128,1222],{"class":66},[20,132130,1509],{},[43,132132,132134],{"className":45,"code":132133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132135,132136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132137,132138,132140,132142,132145,132147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132139,40137],{"class":600},[52,132141,202],{"class":66},[52,132143,132144],{"class":58}," substring ",[52,132146,32],{"class":62},[52,132148,65265],{"class":58},[20,132150,52779,132151,125605,132156,132158],{},[221,132152,132153],{"href":129283},[15,132154,132155],{},"str.find()",[15,132157,65290],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132160,132161,132162,803,132164,202],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132163,802],{},[15,132165,806],{},[43,132167,132169],{"className":45,"code":132168,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132170,132171,132183,132187,132193,132216,132226,132234],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132172,132173,132175,132177,132179,132181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132174,34120],{"class":58},[52,132176,63],{"class":62},[52,132178,83],{"class":70},[52,132180,3288],{"class":74},[52,132182,2797],{"class":70},[52,132184,132185],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132186,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,132188,132189,132191],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132190,802],{"class":731},[52,132192,737],{"class":66},[52,132194,132195,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206,132208,132210,132212,132214],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132196,132197],{"class":58},"    position ",[52,132199,63],{"class":62},[52,132201,42276],{"class":58},[52,132203,114],{"class":66},[52,132205,35279],{"class":117},[52,132207,138],{"class":66},[52,132209,71],{"class":70},[52,132211,21517],{"class":74},[52,132213,71],{"class":70},[52,132215,144],{"class":66},[52,132217,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,132219,757],{"class":134},[52,132221,138],{"class":66},[52,132223,64382],{"class":117},[52,132225,144],{"class":66},[52,132227,132228,132230,132232],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,132229,806],{"class":731},[52,132231,41360],{"class":600},[52,132233,737],{"class":66},[52,132235,132236,132238,132240,132242,132245,132247],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,132237,757],{"class":134},[52,132239,138],{"class":66},[52,132241,71],{"class":70},[52,132243,132244],{"class":74},"Substring not found",[52,132246,71],{"class":70},[52,132248,144],{"class":66},[20,132250,132251],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132253,41380,132254,114],{},[221,132255,25120,132257],{"href":132256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132258,128610],{},[38,132260,132262,897,132264],{"id":132261},"index-vs-find",[15,132263,58403],{},[15,132265,123634],{},[20,132267,132268,803,132270,132272],{},[15,132269,58403],{},[15,132271,123634],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[699,132274,132275],{"id":35279},[15,132276,58403],{},[163,132278,132279,132282],{},[166,132280,132281],{},"Returns the first match position",[166,132283,132284],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[43,132286,132288],{"className":45,"code":132287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132289,132290,132302,132326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132291,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132293,34120],{"class":58},[52,132295,63],{"class":62},[52,132297,83],{"class":70},[52,132299,3288],{"class":74},[52,132301,2797],{"class":70},[52,132303,132304,132306,132308,132310,132312,132314,132316,132318,132320,132322,132324],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132305,135],{"class":134},[52,132307,138],{"class":66},[52,132309,34141],{"class":117},[52,132311,114],{"class":66},[52,132313,35279],{"class":117},[52,132315,138],{"class":66},[52,132317,71],{"class":70},[52,132319,59883],{"class":74},[52,132321,71],{"class":70},[52,132323,4807],{"class":66},[52,132325,27218],{"class":3105},[52,132327,132328],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132329,132330],{"class":3105},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[699,132332,132333],{"id":127664},[15,132334,123634],{},[163,132336,132337,132339],{},[166,132338,132281],{},[166,132340,10865,132341,132343],{},[15,132342,65290],{}," if nothing is found",[43,132345,132347],{"className":45,"code":132346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132348,132349,132361,132385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132350,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132352,34120],{"class":58},[52,132354,63],{"class":62},[52,132356,83],{"class":70},[52,132358,3288],{"class":74},[52,132360,2797],{"class":70},[52,132362,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132364,135],{"class":134},[52,132366,138],{"class":66},[52,132368,34141],{"class":117},[52,132370,114],{"class":66},[52,132372,127664],{"class":117},[52,132374,138],{"class":66},[52,132376,71],{"class":70},[52,132378,59883],{"class":74},[52,132380,71],{"class":70},[52,132382,4807],{"class":66},[52,132384,27218],{"class":3105},[52,132386,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405,132407],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132388,135],{"class":134},[52,132390,138],{"class":66},[52,132392,34141],{"class":117},[52,132394,114],{"class":66},[52,132396,127664],{"class":117},[52,132398,138],{"class":66},[52,132400,71],{"class":70},[52,132402,21517],{"class":74},[52,132404,71],{"class":70},[52,132406,4807],{"class":66},[52,132408,128020],{"class":3105},[20,132410,799,132411,132413],{},[15,132412,58403],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132415,799,132416,132418],{},[15,132417,123634],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132420,132421,132422,456,132427,114],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[221,132423,132424,132426],{"href":129283},[15,132425,132155],{}," method reference",[221,132428,126675],{"href":132429},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[38,132431,1158],{"id":1157},[20,132433,132434,132435,202],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132436,58403],{},[163,132438,132439,132442,132449,132454,132459],{},[166,132440,132441],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[166,132443,1174,132444,7902,132446,132448],{},[15,132445,58403],{},[15,132447,65290],{}," when no match exists",[166,132450,1185,132451,132453],{},[15,132452,58403],{}," on a value that may not be present",[166,132455,132456,132457],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132458,948],{},[166,132460,4022,132461,132463],{},[15,132462,58403],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132465,1191],{},[43,132467,132469],{"className":45,"code":132468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132470,132471,132481,132495,132517,132539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132472,132473,132475,132477,132479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132474,135],{"class":134},[52,132476,138],{"class":66},[52,132478,34141],{"class":117},[52,132480,144],{"class":66},[52,132482,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132484,135],{"class":134},[52,132486,138],{"class":66},[52,132488,41213],{"class":134},[52,132490,138],{"class":66},[52,132492,34141],{"class":117},[52,132494,1222],{"class":66},[52,132496,132497,132499,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132498,135],{"class":134},[52,132500,138],{"class":66},[52,132502,34141],{"class":117},[52,132504,114],{"class":66},[52,132506,35279],{"class":117},[52,132508,138],{"class":66},[52,132510,71],{"class":70},[52,132512,985],{"class":74},[52,132514,71],{"class":70},[52,132516,1222],{"class":66},[52,132518,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527,132529,132531,132533,132535,132537],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132520,135],{"class":134},[52,132522,138],{"class":66},[52,132524,34141],{"class":117},[52,132526,114],{"class":66},[52,132528,127664],{"class":117},[52,132530,138],{"class":66},[52,132532,71],{"class":70},[52,132534,985],{"class":74},[52,132536,71],{"class":70},[52,132538,1222],{"class":66},[52,132540,132541,132543,132545,132547,132549,132551,132553,132555,132557,132559,132561,132563,132565,132567],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,132542,135],{"class":134},[52,132544,138],{"class":66},[52,132546,34141],{"class":117},[52,132548,114],{"class":66},[52,132550,35279],{"class":117},[52,132552,138],{"class":66},[52,132554,71],{"class":70},[52,132556,985],{"class":74},[52,132558,71],{"class":70},[52,132560,80],{"class":66},[52,132562,35485],{"class":117},[52,132564,80],{"class":66},[52,132566,64476],{"class":117},[52,132568,1222],{"class":66},[20,132570,132571],{},"Tips:",[163,132573,132574,132579,132584,132587],{},[166,132575,799,132576,132578],{},[15,132577,125561],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[166,132580,799,132581,132583],{},[15,132582,123634],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[166,132585,132586],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[166,132588,132589,132590],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132591,1558],{},[38,132593,1273],{"id":1272},[699,132595,129143,132597,12159],{"id":132596},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132598,58403],{},[20,132600,132601],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[699,132603,132605],{"id":132604},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132607,76290,132608,114],{},[15,132609,40137],{},[699,132611,4624,132613,803,132615,1293],{"id":132612},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132614,58403],{},[15,132616,123634],{},[20,132618,132619,132621,132622,1837,132624,6077],{},[15,132620,58403],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132623,123634],{},[15,132625,65290],{},[699,132627,4614,132629,132631],{"id":132628},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132630,58403],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132633,132634],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[699,132636,132638,132639,123975],{"id":132637},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132640,58403],{},[20,132642,129168],{},[38,132644,1332],{"id":1331},[163,132646,132647,132653,132657,132662,132668],{},[166,132648,132649],{},[221,132650,132651,1070],{"href":129283},[15,132652,132155],{},[166,132654,132655],{},[221,132656,124038],{"href":132429},[166,132658,132659],{},[221,132660,129244],{"href":132661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[166,132663,132664],{},[221,132665,132666,1070],{"href":124089},[15,132667,58025],{},[166,132669,132670],{},[221,132671,29777,132672],{"href":132256},[15,132673,128610],{},[1364,132675,132676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":132678},[132679,132680,132682,132683,132684,132685,132687,132692,132693,132704],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":131315,"depth":103,"text":132681},"What str.index() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":37452,"depth":103,"text":37453},{"id":64842,"depth":103,"text":65625},{"id":132077,"depth":103,"text":132686},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132261,"depth":103,"text":132688,"children":132689},"index() vs find()",[132690,132691],{"id":35279,"depth":124,"text":58403},{"id":127664,"depth":124,"text":123634},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":132694},[132695,132697,132698,132700,132702],{"id":132596,"depth":124,"text":132696},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132604,"depth":124,"text":132605},{"id":132612,"depth":124,"text":132699},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132628,"depth":124,"text":132701},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132637,"depth":124,"text":132703},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131224,"description":132705},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132712,"title":132713,"body":132714,"description":135489,"extension":1401,"meta":135490,"navigation":127,"path":135491,"seo":135492,"stem":135493,"__hash__":135494},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132715,"toc":135425},[132716,132722,132727,132730,132733,132744,132746,132815,132817,132831,132836,132841,132846,132848,132891,132893,132976,132978,133024,133030,133032,133034,133054,133056,133079,133081,133155,133157,133176,133181,133183,133187,133259,133261,133275,133279,133355,133357,133376,133380,133474,133476,133485,133492,133568,133570,133588,133592,133595,133602,133651,133653,133662,133669,133728,133730,133748,133751,133758,133817,133819,133837,133844,133901,133903,133912,133916,133921,133925,133984,133986,134004,134008,134055,134060,134063,134132,134134,134151,134158,134164,134219,134224,134227,134304,134306,134324,134330,134336,134396,134398,134417,134423,134426,134433,134486,134491,134493,134554,134563,134570,134572,134629,134634,134636,134707,134711,134766,134768,134777,134782,134788,134857,134859,134891,134897,134905,134912,134918,134983,134985,134994,135000,135081,135083,135092,135097,135111,135118,135122,135127,135155,135157,135290,135293,135330,135332,135338,135347,135352,135355,135360,135365,135371,135374,135383,135386,135388,135417,135422],[10,132717,122639,132719,18],{"id":132718},"python-string-join-method",[15,132720,132721],{},"join()",[20,132723,122644,132724,132726],{},[15,132725,132721],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132728,132729],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132731,132732],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[163,132734,132735,132741],{},[166,132736,132737,132738,132740],{},"You call ",[15,132739,132721],{}," on the separator string",[166,132742,132743],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[38,132745,3049],{"id":3048},[43,132747,132749],{"className":45,"code":132748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132750,132751,132784,132805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132752,132753,132755,132757,132759,132761,132763,132765,132767,132769,132771,132773,132775,132777,132780,132782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132754,3515],{"class":58},[52,132756,63],{"class":62},[52,132758,3063],{"class":66},[52,132760,71],{"class":70},[52,132762,6743],{"class":74},[52,132764,71],{"class":70},[52,132766,80],{"class":66},[52,132768,83],{"class":70},[52,132770,11637],{"class":74},[52,132772,71],{"class":70},[52,132774,80],{"class":66},[52,132776,83],{"class":70},[52,132778,132779],{"class":74},"fun",[52,132781,71],{"class":70},[52,132783,3076],{"class":66},[52,132785,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796,132799,132801,132803],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132787,1668],{"class":58},[52,132789,63],{"class":62},[52,132791,83],{"class":70},[52,132793,83],{"class":70},[52,132795,114],{"class":66},[52,132797,132798],{"class":117},"join",[52,132800,138],{"class":66},[52,132802,3556],{"class":117},[52,132804,144],{"class":66},[52,132806,132807,132809,132811,132813],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132808,135],{"class":134},[52,132810,138],{"class":66},[52,132812,1703],{"class":117},[52,132814,144],{"class":66},[20,132816,1509],{},[43,132818,132820],{"className":45,"code":132819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is fun\n",[15,132821,132822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132823,132824,132826,132828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132825,3015],{"class":58},[52,132827,11637],{"class":62},[52,132829,132830],{"class":58}," fun\n",[20,132832,799,132833,132835],{},[15,132834,132721],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[38,132837,194,132839,197],{"id":132838},"what-join-does",[15,132840,132721],{},[20,132842,132843,132845],{},[15,132844,132721],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132847,10900],{},[163,132849,132850,132857,132885,132888],{},[166,132851,132852,132853,132856],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132854,132855],{},".join()"," as the separator",[166,132858,132859,132860],{},"Common separators are:\n",[163,132861,132862,132868,132874,132880],{},[166,132863,132864,132867],{},[15,132865,132866],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[166,132869,132870,132873],{},[15,132871,132872],{},"\", \""," for commas",[166,132875,132876,132879],{},[15,132877,132878],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[166,132881,132882,132884],{},[15,132883,5719],{}," for no separator",[166,132886,132887],{},"It returns a new string",[166,132889,132890],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132892,267],{},[43,132894,132896],{"className":45,"code":132895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132897,132898,132930,132952,132956,132966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132899,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910,132912,132914,132916,132918,132920,132922,132924,132926,132928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132901,3515],{"class":58},[52,132903,63],{"class":62},[52,132905,3063],{"class":66},[52,132907,71],{"class":70},[52,132909,286],{"class":74},[52,132911,71],{"class":70},[52,132913,80],{"class":66},[52,132915,83],{"class":70},[52,132917,304],{"class":74},[52,132919,71],{"class":70},[52,132921,80],{"class":66},[52,132923,83],{"class":70},[52,132925,295],{"class":74},[52,132927,71],{"class":70},[52,132929,3076],{"class":66},[52,132931,132932,132934,132936,132938,132940,132942,132944,132946,132948,132950],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132933,1668],{"class":58},[52,132935,63],{"class":62},[52,132937,83],{"class":70},[52,132939,1627],{"class":74},[52,132941,71],{"class":70},[52,132943,114],{"class":66},[52,132945,132798],{"class":117},[52,132947,138],{"class":66},[52,132949,3556],{"class":117},[52,132951,144],{"class":66},[52,132953,132954],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,132955,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,132957,132958,132960,132962,132964],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,132959,135],{"class":134},[52,132961,138],{"class":66},[52,132963,1703],{"class":117},[52,132965,144],{"class":66},[52,132967,132968,132970,132972,132974],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,132969,135],{"class":134},[52,132971,138],{"class":66},[52,132973,3556],{"class":117},[52,132975,144],{"class":66},[20,132977,1509],{},[43,132979,132981],{"className":45,"code":132980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,132982,132983,132996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132984,132985,132987,132989,132992,132994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132986,286],{"class":58},[52,132988,80],{"class":66},[52,132990,132991],{"class":58}," green",[52,132993,80],{"class":66},[52,132995,35314],{"class":58},[52,132997,132998,133000,133002,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012,133014,133016,133018,133020,133022],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,132999,3344],{"class":66},[52,133001,608],{"class":70},[52,133003,286],{"class":74},[52,133005,608],{"class":70},[52,133007,80],{"class":66},[52,133009,617],{"class":70},[52,133011,304],{"class":74},[52,133013,608],{"class":70},[52,133015,80],{"class":66},[52,133017,617],{"class":70},[52,133019,295],{"class":74},[52,133021,608],{"class":70},[52,133023,3076],{"class":66},[20,133025,133026,133027,133029],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133028,132721],{}," creates a new string.",[38,133031,228],{"id":227},[20,133033,6664],{},[43,133035,133037],{"className":45,"code":133036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133038,133039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133040,133041,133044,133046,133048,133050,133052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133042,133043],{"class":58},"separator",[52,133045,114],{"class":66},[52,133047,132798],{"class":117},[52,133049,138],{"class":66},[52,133051,3162],{"class":117},[52,133053,144],{"class":66},[699,133055,48446],{"id":48445},[163,133057,133058,133071,133076],{},[166,133059,133060,133062,133063,1627,133065,1627,133067,1631,133069],{},[15,133061,133043],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133064,132866],{},[15,133066,132872],{},[15,133068,132878],{},[15,133070,5719],{},[166,133072,133073,133075],{},[15,133074,3162],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[166,133077,133078],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133080,267],{},[43,133082,133084],{"className":45,"code":133083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133085,133086,133118,133141,133145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133087,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133089,4438],{"class":58},[52,133091,63],{"class":62},[52,133093,3063],{"class":66},[52,133095,71],{"class":70},[52,133097,12323],{"class":74},[52,133099,71],{"class":70},[52,133101,80],{"class":66},[52,133103,83],{"class":70},[52,133105,35374],{"class":74},[52,133107,71],{"class":70},[52,133109,80],{"class":66},[52,133111,83],{"class":70},[52,133113,35383],{"class":74},[52,133115,71],{"class":70},[52,133117,3076],{"class":66},[52,133119,133120,133122,133124,133126,133129,133131,133133,133135,133137,133139],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133121,1668],{"class":58},[52,133123,63],{"class":62},[52,133125,83],{"class":70},[52,133127,133128],{"class":74}," | ",[52,133130,71],{"class":70},[52,133132,114],{"class":66},[52,133134,132798],{"class":117},[52,133136,138],{"class":66},[52,133138,4482],{"class":117},[52,133140,144],{"class":66},[52,133142,133143],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,133144,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,133146,133147,133149,133151,133153],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133148,135],{"class":134},[52,133150,138],{"class":66},[52,133152,1703],{"class":117},[52,133154,144],{"class":66},[20,133156,1509],{},[43,133158,133160],{"className":45,"code":133159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133161,133162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133163,133164,133167,133169,133172,133174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133165,133166],{"class":58},"Ana ",[52,133168,113146],{"class":62},[52,133170,133171],{"class":58}," Ben ",[52,133173,113146],{"class":62},[52,133175,35455],{"class":58},[20,133177,133178,133179,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[221,133180,124394],{"href":50412},[38,133182,121170],{"id":121169},[699,133184,133186],{"id":133185},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[43,133188,133190],{"className":45,"code":133189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133191,133192,133225,133245,133249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133193,133194,133196,133198,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133221,133223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133195,3515],{"class":58},[52,133197,63],{"class":62},[52,133199,3063],{"class":66},[52,133201,71],{"class":70},[52,133203,6743],{"class":74},[52,133205,71],{"class":70},[52,133207,80],{"class":66},[52,133209,83],{"class":70},[52,133211,11637],{"class":74},[52,133213,71],{"class":70},[52,133215,80],{"class":66},[52,133217,83],{"class":70},[52,133219,133220],{"class":74},"easy",[52,133222,71],{"class":70},[52,133224,3076],{"class":66},[52,133226,133227,133229,133231,133233,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133228,1668],{"class":58},[52,133230,63],{"class":62},[52,133232,83],{"class":70},[52,133234,83],{"class":70},[52,133236,114],{"class":66},[52,133238,132798],{"class":117},[52,133240,138],{"class":66},[52,133242,3556],{"class":117},[52,133244,144],{"class":66},[52,133246,133247],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,133248,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,133250,133251,133253,133255,133257],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133252,135],{"class":134},[52,133254,138],{"class":66},[52,133256,1703],{"class":117},[52,133258,144],{"class":66},[20,133260,1509],{},[43,133262,133264],{"className":45,"code":133263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is easy\n",[15,133265,133266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133267,133268,133270,133272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133269,3015],{"class":58},[52,133271,11637],{"class":62},[52,133273,133274],{"class":58}," easy\n",[699,133276,133278],{"id":133277},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[43,133280,133282],{"className":45,"code":133281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133283,133284,133319,133341,133345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133285,133286,133288,133290,133292,133294,133297,133299,133301,133303,133306,133308,133310,133312,133315,133317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133287,59],{"class":58},[52,133289,63],{"class":62},[52,133291,3063],{"class":66},[52,133293,71],{"class":70},[52,133295,133296],{"class":74},"apples",[52,133298,71],{"class":70},[52,133300,80],{"class":66},[52,133302,83],{"class":70},[52,133304,133305],{"class":74},"bananas",[52,133307,71],{"class":70},[52,133309,80],{"class":66},[52,133311,83],{"class":70},[52,133313,133314],{"class":74},"oranges",[52,133316,71],{"class":70},[52,133318,3076],{"class":66},[52,133320,133321,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133322,1668],{"class":58},[52,133324,63],{"class":62},[52,133326,83],{"class":70},[52,133328,1627],{"class":74},[52,133330,71],{"class":70},[52,133332,114],{"class":66},[52,133334,132798],{"class":117},[52,133336,138],{"class":66},[52,133338,154],{"class":117},[52,133340,144],{"class":66},[52,133342,133343],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,133344,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,133346,133347,133349,133351,133353],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133348,135],{"class":134},[52,133350,138],{"class":66},[52,133352,1703],{"class":117},[52,133354,144],{"class":66},[20,133356,1509],{},[43,133358,133360],{"className":45,"code":133359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133361,133362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133363,133364,133366,133368,133371,133373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133365,133296],{"class":58},[52,133367,80],{"class":66},[52,133369,133370],{"class":58}," bananas",[52,133372,80],{"class":66},[52,133374,133375],{"class":58}," oranges\n",[699,133377,133379],{"id":133378},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[43,133381,133383],{"className":45,"code":133382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133384,133385,133442,133460,133464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133386,133387,133389,133391,133393,133395,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133388,35524],{"class":58},[52,133390,63],{"class":62},[52,133392,3063],{"class":66},[52,133394,71],{"class":70},[52,133396,133397],{"class":74},"P",[52,133399,71],{"class":70},[52,133401,80],{"class":66},[52,133403,83],{"class":70},[52,133405,11188],{"class":74},[52,133407,71],{"class":70},[52,133409,80],{"class":66},[52,133411,83],{"class":70},[52,133413,62722],{"class":74},[52,133415,71],{"class":70},[52,133417,80],{"class":66},[52,133419,83],{"class":70},[52,133421,59874],{"class":74},[52,133423,71],{"class":70},[52,133425,80],{"class":66},[52,133427,83],{"class":70},[52,133429,59909],{"class":74},[52,133431,71],{"class":70},[52,133433,80],{"class":66},[52,133435,83],{"class":70},[52,133437,75462],{"class":74},[52,133439,71],{"class":70},[52,133441,3076],{"class":66},[52,133443,133444,133446,133448,133450,133452,133454,133456,133458],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133445,1668],{"class":58},[52,133447,63],{"class":62},[52,133449,5573],{"class":70},[52,133451,114],{"class":66},[52,133453,132798],{"class":117},[52,133455,138],{"class":66},[52,133457,35577],{"class":117},[52,133459,144],{"class":66},[52,133461,133462],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,133463,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,133465,133466,133468,133470,133472],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133467,135],{"class":134},[52,133469,138],{"class":66},[52,133471,1703],{"class":117},[52,133473,144],{"class":66},[20,133475,1509],{},[43,133477,133479],{"className":45,"code":133478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python\n",[15,133480,133481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133482,133483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133484,133478],{"class":58},[699,133486,133488,133489,133491],{"id":133487},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133490,132721],{}," returns the result",[43,133493,133495],{"className":45,"code":133494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133496,133497,133530,133553,133557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133498,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133523,133526,133528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133500,3515],{"class":58},[52,133502,63],{"class":62},[52,133504,3063],{"class":66},[52,133506,71],{"class":70},[52,133508,6031],{"class":74},[52,133510,71],{"class":70},[52,133512,80],{"class":66},[52,133514,83],{"class":70},[52,133516,78703],{"class":74},[52,133518,71],{"class":70},[52,133520,80],{"class":66},[52,133522,83],{"class":70},[52,133524,133525],{"class":74},"three",[52,133527,71],{"class":70},[52,133529,3076],{"class":66},[52,133531,133532,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545,133547,133549,133551],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133533,133534],{"class":58},"joined_text ",[52,133536,63],{"class":62},[52,133538,83],{"class":70},[52,133540,1460],{"class":74},[52,133542,71],{"class":70},[52,133544,114],{"class":66},[52,133546,132798],{"class":117},[52,133548,138],{"class":66},[52,133550,3556],{"class":117},[52,133552,144],{"class":66},[52,133554,133555],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,133556,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,133558,133559,133561,133563,133566],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,133560,135],{"class":134},[52,133562,138],{"class":66},[52,133564,133565],{"class":117},"joined_text",[52,133567,144],{"class":66},[20,133569,1509],{},[43,133571,133573],{"className":45,"code":133572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one-two-three\n",[15,133574,133575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133576,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133578,6031],{"class":58},[52,133580,1460],{"class":62},[52,133582,78703],{"class":58},[52,133584,1460],{"class":62},[52,133586,133587],{"class":58},"three\n",[38,133589,133591],{"id":133590},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133593,133594],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[699,133596,133598,133601],{"id":133597},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133599,133600],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[43,133603,133605],{"className":45,"code":133604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133606,133607,133631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133608,133609,133611,133613,133615,133617,133619,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133610,3515],{"class":58},[52,133612,63],{"class":62},[52,133614,3063],{"class":66},[52,133616,71],{"class":70},[52,133618,3288],{"class":74},[52,133620,71],{"class":70},[52,133622,80],{"class":66},[52,133624,83],{"class":70},[52,133626,60027],{"class":74},[52,133628,71],{"class":70},[52,133630,3076],{"class":66},[52,133632,133633,133635,133637,133639,133641,133643,133645,133647,133649],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133634,135],{"class":134},[52,133636,138],{"class":66},[52,133638,71],{"class":70},[52,133640,83],{"class":70},[52,133642,114],{"class":66},[52,133644,132798],{"class":117},[52,133646,138],{"class":66},[52,133648,3556],{"class":117},[52,133650,1222],{"class":66},[20,133652,1509],{},[43,133654,133656],{"className":45,"code":133655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n",[15,133657,133658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133659,133660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133661,133655],{"class":58},[699,133663,133665,133668],{"id":133664},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133666,133667],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[43,133670,133672],{"className":45,"code":133671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133673,133674,133706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133675,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133677,277],{"class":58},[52,133679,63],{"class":62},[52,133681,3063],{"class":66},[52,133683,71],{"class":70},[52,133685,286],{"class":74},[52,133687,71],{"class":70},[52,133689,80],{"class":66},[52,133691,83],{"class":70},[52,133693,295],{"class":74},[52,133695,71],{"class":70},[52,133697,80],{"class":66},[52,133699,83],{"class":70},[52,133701,304],{"class":74},[52,133703,71],{"class":70},[52,133705,3076],{"class":66},[52,133707,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133709,135],{"class":134},[52,133711,138],{"class":66},[52,133713,71],{"class":70},[52,133715,1627],{"class":74},[52,133717,71],{"class":70},[52,133719,114],{"class":66},[52,133721,132798],{"class":117},[52,133723,138],{"class":66},[52,133725,348],{"class":117},[52,133727,1222],{"class":66},[20,133729,1509],{},[43,133731,133733],{"className":45,"code":133732,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133734,133735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133736,133737,133739,133741,133744,133746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133738,286],{"class":58},[52,133740,80],{"class":66},[52,133742,133743],{"class":58}," blue",[52,133745,80],{"class":66},[52,133747,35307],{"class":58},[20,133749,133750],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[699,133752,133754,133757],{"id":133753},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133755,133756],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[43,133759,133761],{"className":45,"code":133760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133762,133763,133795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133764,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775,133777,133779,133781,133783,133785,133787,133789,133791,133793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133766,42271],{"class":58},[52,133768,63],{"class":62},[52,133770,3063],{"class":66},[52,133772,71],{"class":70},[52,133774,47],{"class":74},[52,133776,71],{"class":70},[52,133778,80],{"class":66},[52,133780,83],{"class":70},[52,133782,60610],{"class":74},[52,133784,71],{"class":70},[52,133786,80],{"class":66},[52,133788,83],{"class":70},[52,133790,132798],{"class":74},[52,133792,71],{"class":70},[52,133794,3076],{"class":66},[52,133796,133797,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133798,135],{"class":134},[52,133800,138],{"class":66},[52,133802,71],{"class":70},[52,133804,1460],{"class":74},[52,133806,71],{"class":70},[52,133808,114],{"class":66},[52,133810,132798],{"class":117},[52,133812,138],{"class":66},[52,133814,42303],{"class":117},[52,133816,1222],{"class":66},[20,133818,1509],{},[43,133820,133822],{"className":45,"code":133821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python-string-join\n",[15,133823,133824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133825,133826,133828,133830,133832,133834],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133827,47],{"class":58},[52,133829,1460],{"class":62},[52,133831,60610],{"class":58},[52,133833,1460],{"class":62},[52,133835,133836],{"class":58},"join\n",[699,133838,133840,133843],{"id":133839},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133841,133842],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[43,133845,133847],{"className":45,"code":133846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133848,133849,133882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133850,133851,133853,133855,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873,133875,133878,133880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133852,112218],{"class":58},[52,133854,63],{"class":62},[52,133856,3063],{"class":66},[52,133858,71],{"class":70},[52,133860,21685],{"class":74},[52,133862,71],{"class":70},[52,133864,80],{"class":66},[52,133866,83],{"class":70},[52,133868,30030],{"class":74},[52,133870,71],{"class":70},[52,133872,80],{"class":66},[52,133874,83],{"class":70},[52,133876,133877],{"class":74},"C",[52,133879,71],{"class":70},[52,133881,3076],{"class":66},[52,133883,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896,133899],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133885,135],{"class":134},[52,133887,138],{"class":66},[52,133889,5719],{"class":70},[52,133891,114],{"class":66},[52,133893,132798],{"class":117},[52,133895,138],{"class":66},[52,133897,133898],{"class":117},"chars",[52,133900,1222],{"class":66},[20,133902,1509],{},[43,133904,133906],{"className":45,"code":133905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ABC\n",[15,133907,133908],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133909,133910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133911,133905],{"class":33885},[38,133913,133915],{"id":133914},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,133917,133918,133920],{},[15,133919,132721],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[699,133922,133924],{"id":133923},"this-works","This works",[43,133926,133928],{"className":45,"code":133927,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133929,133930,133962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133931,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952,133954,133956,133958,133960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133933,3265],{"class":58},[52,133935,63],{"class":62},[52,133937,3063],{"class":66},[52,133939,71],{"class":70},[52,133941,1770],{"class":74},[52,133943,71],{"class":70},[52,133945,80],{"class":66},[52,133947,83],{"class":70},[52,133949,15193],{"class":74},[52,133951,71],{"class":70},[52,133953,80],{"class":66},[52,133955,83],{"class":70},[52,133957,36274],{"class":74},[52,133959,71],{"class":70},[52,133961,3076],{"class":66},[52,133963,133964,133966,133968,133970,133972,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,133965,135],{"class":134},[52,133967,138],{"class":66},[52,133969,71],{"class":70},[52,133971,1627],{"class":74},[52,133973,71],{"class":70},[52,133975,114],{"class":66},[52,133977,132798],{"class":117},[52,133979,138],{"class":66},[52,133981,4804],{"class":117},[52,133983,1222],{"class":66},[20,133985,1509],{},[43,133987,133989],{"className":45,"code":133988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,133990,133991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133992,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133994,1770],{"class":947},[52,133996,80],{"class":66},[52,133998,7237],{"class":947},[52,134000,80],{"class":66},[52,134002,134003],{"class":947}," 30\n",[699,134005,134007],{"id":134006},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[43,134009,134011],{"className":45,"code":134010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134012,134013,134033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134014,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029,134031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134016,3265],{"class":58},[52,134018,63],{"class":62},[52,134020,3063],{"class":66},[52,134022,948],{"class":947},[52,134024,80],{"class":66},[52,134026,953],{"class":947},[52,134028,80],{"class":66},[52,134030,958],{"class":947},[52,134032,3076],{"class":66},[52,134034,134035,134037,134039,134041,134043,134045,134047,134049,134051,134053],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134036,135],{"class":134},[52,134038,138],{"class":66},[52,134040,71],{"class":70},[52,134042,1627],{"class":74},[52,134044,71],{"class":70},[52,134046,114],{"class":66},[52,134048,132798],{"class":117},[52,134050,138],{"class":66},[52,134052,4804],{"class":117},[52,134054,1222],{"class":66},[20,134056,89741,134057,134059],{},[15,134058,2443],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134061,134062],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[43,134064,134066],{"className":45,"code":134065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134067,134068,134088,134118,134122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134069,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134071,3265],{"class":58},[52,134073,63],{"class":62},[52,134075,3063],{"class":66},[52,134077,948],{"class":947},[52,134079,80],{"class":66},[52,134081,953],{"class":947},[52,134083,80],{"class":66},[52,134085,958],{"class":947},[52,134087,3076],{"class":66},[52,134089,134090,134092,134094,134096,134098,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134091,1668],{"class":58},[52,134093,63],{"class":62},[52,134095,83],{"class":70},[52,134097,1627],{"class":74},[52,134099,71],{"class":70},[52,134101,114],{"class":66},[52,134103,132798],{"class":117},[52,134105,138],{"class":66},[52,134107,39292],{"class":134},[52,134109,138],{"class":66},[52,134111,2882],{"class":600},[52,134113,80],{"class":66},[52,134115,3329],{"class":117},[52,134117,1222],{"class":66},[52,134119,134120],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,134121,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,134123,134124,134126,134128,134130],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134125,135],{"class":134},[52,134127,138],{"class":66},[52,134129,1703],{"class":117},[52,134131,144],{"class":66},[20,134133,1509],{},[43,134135,134137],{"className":45,"code":134136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134138,134139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134140,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134142,948],{"class":947},[52,134144,80],{"class":66},[52,134146,953],{"class":947},[52,134148,80],{"class":66},[52,134150,2016],{"class":947},[20,134152,134153,134154,114],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[221,134155,3015,134156,2948],{"href":41609},[15,134157,47119],{},[699,134159,134161,134163],{"id":134160},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134162,3220],{}," values do not work directly",[43,134165,134167],{"className":45,"code":134166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134168,134169,134197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134170,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134172,3265],{"class":58},[52,134174,63],{"class":62},[52,134176,3063],{"class":66},[52,134178,71],{"class":70},[52,134180,75],{"class":74},[52,134182,71],{"class":70},[52,134184,80],{"class":66},[52,134186,3296],{"class":3295},[52,134188,80],{"class":66},[52,134190,83],{"class":70},[52,134192,86],{"class":74},[52,134194,71],{"class":70},[52,134196,3076],{"class":66},[52,134198,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134200,135],{"class":134},[52,134202,138],{"class":66},[52,134204,71],{"class":70},[52,134206,1627],{"class":74},[52,134208,71],{"class":70},[52,134210,114],{"class":66},[52,134212,132798],{"class":117},[52,134214,138],{"class":66},[52,134216,4804],{"class":117},[52,134218,1222],{"class":66},[20,134220,134221,134222,114],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134223,2443],{},[20,134225,134226],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[43,134228,134230],{"className":45,"code":134229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134231,134232,134260,134290,134294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134233,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134235,3265],{"class":58},[52,134237,63],{"class":62},[52,134239,3063],{"class":66},[52,134241,71],{"class":70},[52,134243,75],{"class":74},[52,134245,71],{"class":70},[52,134247,80],{"class":66},[52,134249,3296],{"class":3295},[52,134251,80],{"class":66},[52,134253,83],{"class":70},[52,134255,86],{"class":74},[52,134257,71],{"class":70},[52,134259,3076],{"class":66},[52,134261,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282,134284,134286,134288],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134263,1668],{"class":58},[52,134265,63],{"class":62},[52,134267,83],{"class":70},[52,134269,1627],{"class":74},[52,134271,71],{"class":70},[52,134273,114],{"class":66},[52,134275,132798],{"class":117},[52,134277,138],{"class":66},[52,134279,39292],{"class":134},[52,134281,138],{"class":66},[52,134283,2882],{"class":600},[52,134285,80],{"class":66},[52,134287,3329],{"class":117},[52,134289,1222],{"class":66},[52,134291,134292],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,134293,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,134295,134296,134298,134300,134302],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134297,135],{"class":134},[52,134299,138],{"class":66},[52,134301,1703],{"class":117},[52,134303,144],{"class":66},[20,134305,1509],{},[43,134307,134309],{"className":45,"code":134308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134310,134311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134312,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134314,75],{"class":58},[52,134316,80],{"class":66},[52,134318,3296],{"class":3295},[52,134320,80],{"class":66},[52,134322,134323],{"class":58}," banana\n",[20,134325,134326,134327,134329],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134328,3220],{}," values instead of converting them.",[699,134331,134333,134335],{"id":134332},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134334,132721],{}," also works with tuples",[43,134337,134339],{"className":45,"code":134338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134340,134341,134373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134342,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134344,4438],{"class":58},[52,134346,63],{"class":62},[52,134348,8684],{"class":66},[52,134350,71],{"class":70},[52,134352,7124],{"class":74},[52,134354,71],{"class":70},[52,134356,80],{"class":66},[52,134358,83],{"class":70},[52,134360,130727],{"class":74},[52,134362,71],{"class":70},[52,134364,80],{"class":66},[52,134366,83],{"class":70},[52,134368,7368],{"class":74},[52,134370,71],{"class":70},[52,134372,144],{"class":66},[52,134374,134375,134377,134379,134381,134384,134386,134388,134390,134392,134394],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134376,135],{"class":134},[52,134378,138],{"class":66},[52,134380,71],{"class":70},[52,134382,134383],{"class":74}," \u002F ",[52,134385,71],{"class":70},[52,134387,114],{"class":66},[52,134389,132798],{"class":117},[52,134391,138],{"class":66},[52,134393,4482],{"class":117},[52,134395,1222],{"class":66},[20,134397,1509],{},[43,134399,134401],{"className":45,"code":134400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134402,134403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134404,134405,134408,134410,134413,134415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134406,134407],{"class":58},"Sam ",[52,134409,126531],{"class":62},[52,134411,134412],{"class":58}," Lee ",[52,134414,126531],{"class":62},[52,134416,21774],{"class":58},[38,134418,134420,134421],{"id":134419},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134422,132721],{},[20,134424,134425],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[699,134427,134429,134430,134432],{"id":134428},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134431,2443],{}," because not all items are strings",[43,134434,134436],{"className":45,"code":134435,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134437,134438,134466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134439,134440,134442,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134441,59],{"class":58},[52,134443,63],{"class":62},[52,134445,3063],{"class":66},[52,134447,71],{"class":70},[52,134449,221],{"class":74},[52,134451,71],{"class":70},[52,134453,80],{"class":66},[52,134455,953],{"class":947},[52,134457,80],{"class":66},[52,134459,83],{"class":70},[52,134461,9187],{"class":74},[52,134463,71],{"class":70},[52,134465,3076],{"class":66},[52,134467,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134469,135],{"class":134},[52,134471,138],{"class":66},[52,134473,71],{"class":70},[52,134475,83],{"class":70},[52,134477,114],{"class":66},[52,134479,132798],{"class":117},[52,134481,138],{"class":66},[52,134483,154],{"class":117},[52,134485,1222],{"class":66},[20,134487,47946,134488,134490],{},[15,134489,1047],{}," is an integer.",[20,134492,38695],{},[43,134494,134496],{"className":45,"code":134495,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134497,134498,134526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134499,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520,134522,134524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134501,59],{"class":58},[52,134503,63],{"class":62},[52,134505,3063],{"class":66},[52,134507,71],{"class":70},[52,134509,221],{"class":74},[52,134511,71],{"class":70},[52,134513,80],{"class":66},[52,134515,953],{"class":947},[52,134517,80],{"class":66},[52,134519,83],{"class":70},[52,134521,9187],{"class":74},[52,134523,71],{"class":70},[52,134525,3076],{"class":66},[52,134527,134528,134530,134532,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134529,135],{"class":134},[52,134531,138],{"class":66},[52,134533,71],{"class":70},[52,134535,83],{"class":70},[52,134537,114],{"class":66},[52,134539,132798],{"class":117},[52,134541,138],{"class":66},[52,134543,39292],{"class":134},[52,134545,138],{"class":66},[52,134547,2882],{"class":600},[52,134549,80],{"class":66},[52,134551,111],{"class":117},[52,134553,2350],{"class":66},[20,134555,134556,134557,114],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[221,134558,25120,134560],{"href":134559},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134561,134562],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[699,134564,134566,134567,134569],{"id":134565},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134568,132721],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134571,3968],{},[43,134573,134575],{"className":45,"code":134574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134576,134577,134609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134578,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593,134595,134597,134599,134601,134603,134605,134607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134580,3515],{"class":58},[52,134582,63],{"class":62},[52,134584,3063],{"class":66},[52,134586,71],{"class":70},[52,134588,6743],{"class":74},[52,134590,71],{"class":70},[52,134592,80],{"class":66},[52,134594,83],{"class":70},[52,134596,11637],{"class":74},[52,134598,71],{"class":70},[52,134600,80],{"class":66},[52,134602,83],{"class":70},[52,134604,132779],{"class":74},[52,134606,71],{"class":70},[52,134608,3076],{"class":66},[52,134610,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134612,1668],{"class":58},[52,134614,63],{"class":62},[52,134616,5615],{"class":58},[52,134618,114],{"class":66},[52,134620,132798],{"class":117},[52,134622,138],{"class":66},[52,134624,71],{"class":70},[52,134626,83],{"class":70},[52,134628,144],{"class":66},[20,134630,134631,134633],{},[15,134632,132721],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134635,10252],{},[43,134637,134639],{"className":45,"code":134638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134640,134641,134673,134693,134697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134644,3515],{"class":58},[52,134646,63],{"class":62},[52,134648,3063],{"class":66},[52,134650,71],{"class":70},[52,134652,6743],{"class":74},[52,134654,71],{"class":70},[52,134656,80],{"class":66},[52,134658,83],{"class":70},[52,134660,11637],{"class":74},[52,134662,71],{"class":70},[52,134664,80],{"class":66},[52,134666,83],{"class":70},[52,134668,132779],{"class":74},[52,134670,71],{"class":70},[52,134672,3076],{"class":66},[52,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134676,1668],{"class":58},[52,134678,63],{"class":62},[52,134680,83],{"class":70},[52,134682,83],{"class":70},[52,134684,114],{"class":66},[52,134686,132798],{"class":117},[52,134688,138],{"class":66},[52,134690,3556],{"class":117},[52,134692,144],{"class":66},[52,134694,134695],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,134696,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,134698,134699,134701,134703,134705],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134700,135],{"class":134},[52,134702,138],{"class":66},[52,134704,1703],{"class":117},[52,134706,144],{"class":66},[699,134708,134710],{"id":134709},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[43,134712,134714],{"className":45,"code":134713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134715,134716,134748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134717,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738,134740,134742,134744,134746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134719,3515],{"class":58},[52,134721,63],{"class":62},[52,134723,3063],{"class":66},[52,134725,71],{"class":70},[52,134727,6031],{"class":74},[52,134729,71],{"class":70},[52,134731,80],{"class":66},[52,134733,83],{"class":70},[52,134735,78703],{"class":74},[52,134737,71],{"class":70},[52,134739,80],{"class":66},[52,134741,83],{"class":70},[52,134743,133525],{"class":74},[52,134745,71],{"class":70},[52,134747,3076],{"class":66},[52,134749,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134751,135],{"class":134},[52,134753,138],{"class":66},[52,134755,5719],{"class":70},[52,134757,114],{"class":66},[52,134759,132798],{"class":117},[52,134761,138],{"class":66},[52,134763,3556],{"class":117},[52,134765,1222],{"class":66},[20,134767,1509],{},[43,134769,134771],{"className":45,"code":134770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"onetwothree\n",[15,134772,134773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134774,134775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134776,134770],{"class":58},[20,134778,134779,134780,6077],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134781,132866],{},[699,134783,134785,134786,130989],{"id":134784},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134787,132721],{},[43,134789,134791],{"className":45,"code":134790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134792,134793,134825,134843,134847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134794,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134796,3515],{"class":58},[52,134798,63],{"class":62},[52,134800,3063],{"class":66},[52,134802,71],{"class":70},[52,134804,221],{"class":74},[52,134806,71],{"class":70},[52,134808,80],{"class":66},[52,134810,83],{"class":70},[52,134812,4204],{"class":74},[52,134814,71],{"class":70},[52,134816,80],{"class":66},[52,134818,83],{"class":70},[52,134820,9187],{"class":74},[52,134822,71],{"class":70},[52,134824,3076],{"class":66},[52,134826,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134828,71],{"class":42763},[52,134830,1460],{"class":42767},[52,134832,71],{"class":42763},[52,134834,114],{"class":66},[52,134836,132798],{"class":117},[52,134838,138],{"class":66},[52,134840,3556],{"class":117},[52,134842,144],{"class":66},[52,134844,134845],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,134846,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,134848,134849,134851,134853,134855],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134850,135],{"class":134},[52,134852,138],{"class":66},[52,134854,3556],{"class":117},[52,134856,144],{"class":66},[20,134858,1509],{},[43,134860,134861],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,134862,134863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134864,134865,134867,134869,134871,134873,134875,134877,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134866,3344],{"class":66},[52,134868,608],{"class":70},[52,134870,221],{"class":74},[52,134872,608],{"class":70},[52,134874,80],{"class":66},[52,134876,617],{"class":70},[52,134878,4204],{"class":74},[52,134880,608],{"class":70},[52,134882,80],{"class":66},[52,134884,617],{"class":70},[52,134886,9187],{"class":74},[52,134888,608],{"class":70},[52,134890,3076],{"class":66},[20,134892,134893,134894,134896],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134895,132721],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[38,134898,134900,134902,134903],{"id":134899},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134901,132721],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,134904,1497],{},[20,134906,10036,134907,803,134909,134911],{},[15,134908,132721],{},[15,134910,1497],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[699,134913,799,134915,134917],{"id":134914},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,134916,1497],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[43,134919,134921],{"className":45,"code":134920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134922,134923,134936,134949,134969,134973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134924,134925,134928,134930,134932,134934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134926,134927],{"class":58},"first ",[52,134929,63],{"class":62},[52,134931,83],{"class":70},[52,134933,34299],{"class":74},[52,134935,2797],{"class":70},[52,134937,134938,134941,134943,134945,134947],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,134939,134940],{"class":58},"second ",[52,134942,63],{"class":62},[52,134944,83],{"class":70},[52,134946,89170],{"class":74},[52,134948,2797],{"class":70},[52,134950,134951,134953,134955,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,134952,1668],{"class":58},[52,134954,63],{"class":62},[52,134956,134957],{"class":58}," first ",[52,134959,1497],{"class":62},[52,134961,83],{"class":70},[52,134963,83],{"class":70},[52,134965,1893],{"class":62},[52,134967,134968],{"class":58}," second\n",[52,134970,134971],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,134972,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,134974,134975,134977,134979,134981],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,134976,135],{"class":134},[52,134978,138],{"class":66},[52,134980,1703],{"class":117},[52,134982,144],{"class":66},[20,134984,1509],{},[43,134986,134988],{"className":45,"code":134987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello World\n",[15,134989,134990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134991,134992],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134993,134987],{"class":58},[699,134995,799,134997,134999],{"id":134996},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,134998,132721],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[43,135001,135003],{"className":45,"code":135002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135004,135005,135047,135067,135071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135006,135007,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135026,135028,135030,135032,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135008,3515],{"class":58},[52,135010,63],{"class":62},[52,135012,3063],{"class":66},[52,135014,71],{"class":70},[52,135016,6743],{"class":74},[52,135018,71],{"class":70},[52,135020,80],{"class":66},[52,135022,83],{"class":70},[52,135024,135025],{"class":74},"makes",[52,135027,71],{"class":70},[52,135029,80],{"class":66},[52,135031,83],{"class":70},[52,135033,135034],{"class":74},"this",[52,135036,71],{"class":70},[52,135038,80],{"class":66},[52,135040,83],{"class":70},[52,135042,133220],{"class":74},[52,135044,71],{"class":70},[52,135046,3076],{"class":66},[52,135048,135049,135051,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135050,1668],{"class":58},[52,135052,63],{"class":62},[52,135054,83],{"class":70},[52,135056,83],{"class":70},[52,135058,114],{"class":66},[52,135060,132798],{"class":117},[52,135062,138],{"class":66},[52,135064,3556],{"class":117},[52,135066,144],{"class":66},[52,135068,135069],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135070,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135072,135073,135075,135077,135079],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135074,135],{"class":134},[52,135076,138],{"class":66},[52,135078,1703],{"class":117},[52,135080,144],{"class":66},[20,135082,1509],{},[43,135084,135086],{"className":45,"code":135085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135087,135088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135089,135090],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135091,135085],{"class":58},[20,135093,135094,135096],{},[15,135095,132721],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[163,135098,135099,135102,135105],{},[166,135100,135101],{},"You already have a list of strings",[166,135103,135104],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[166,135106,135107,135108,135110],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135109,1497],{}," operators",[20,135112,135113,135114,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[221,135115,135117],{"href":135116},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[38,135119,135121],{"id":135120},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135123,8322,135124,135126],{},[15,135125,132721],{}," is not working, check these first:",[163,135128,135129,135132,135137,135146,135152],{},[166,135130,135131],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[166,135133,135134,135135],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135136,3220],{},[166,135138,135139,135140,1326,135143],{},"You may have written ",[15,135141,135142],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135144,135145],{},"string.join(...)",[166,135147,135148,135149,135151],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135150,132721],{}," to change the original iterable",[166,135153,135154],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135156,93810],{},[43,135158,135160],{"className":45,"code":135159,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135161,135162,135176,135186,135210,135250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135163,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172,135174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135165,135],{"class":134},[52,135167,138],{"class":66},[52,135169,1231],{"class":600},[52,135171,138],{"class":66},[52,135173,154],{"class":117},[52,135175,1222],{"class":66},[52,135177,135178,135180,135182,135184],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135179,135],{"class":134},[52,135181,138],{"class":66},[52,135183,154],{"class":117},[52,135185,144],{"class":66},[52,135187,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135189,135],{"class":134},[52,135191,2424],{"class":66},[52,135193,1231],{"class":600},[52,135195,138],{"class":66},[52,135197,337],{"class":117},[52,135199,3102],{"class":66},[52,135201,3320],{"class":731},[52,135203,5408],{"class":117},[52,135205,3326],{"class":731},[52,135207,111],{"class":117},[52,135209,3332],{"class":66},[52,135211,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135213,135],{"class":134},[52,135215,138],{"class":66},[52,135217,608],{"class":70},[52,135219,617],{"class":70},[52,135221,114],{"class":66},[52,135223,132798],{"class":117},[52,135225,2424],{"class":66},[52,135227,608],{"class":70},[52,135229,221],{"class":74},[52,135231,608],{"class":70},[52,135233,80],{"class":66},[52,135235,617],{"class":70},[52,135237,4204],{"class":74},[52,135239,608],{"class":70},[52,135241,80],{"class":66},[52,135243,617],{"class":70},[52,135245,9187],{"class":74},[52,135247,608],{"class":70},[52,135249,2437],{"class":66},[52,135251,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266,135268,135270,135272,135274,135276,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,135253,135],{"class":134},[52,135255,138],{"class":66},[52,135257,608],{"class":70},[52,135259,1627],{"class":74},[52,135261,608],{"class":70},[52,135263,114],{"class":66},[52,135265,132798],{"class":117},[52,135267,138],{"class":66},[52,135269,39292],{"class":134},[52,135271,138],{"class":66},[52,135273,2882],{"class":600},[52,135275,80],{"class":66},[52,135277,3063],{"class":66},[52,135279,948],{"class":947},[52,135281,80],{"class":66},[52,135283,953],{"class":947},[52,135285,80],{"class":66},[52,135287,958],{"class":947},[52,135289,36697],{"class":66},[20,135291,135292],{},"What these checks do:",[163,135294,135295,135303,135309,135315,135324],{},[166,135296,135297,135300,135301,7543],{},[15,135298,135299],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135302,154],{},[166,135304,135305,135308],{},[15,135306,135307],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[166,135310,135311,135314],{},[15,135312,135313],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[166,135316,135317,135320,135321,135323],{},[15,135318,135319],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135322,132721],{}," behavior",[166,135325,135326,135329],{},[15,135327,135328],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[38,135331,1273],{"id":1272},[699,135333,1277,135335,135337],{"id":135334},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135336,132721],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135339,135340,135341,135343,135344,114],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135342,132721],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135345,135346],{},"map(str, values)",[699,135348,1277,135350,56599],{"id":135349},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135351,132721],{},[20,135353,135354],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[699,135356,27767,135358,62070],{"id":135357},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135359,132721],{},[20,135361,41586,135362,135364],{},[15,135363,132721],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[699,135366,4586,135368,39393],{"id":135367},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135369,135370],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135372,135373],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[699,135375,135377,135378,135380,135381,1293],{"id":135376},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135379,2443],{}," when using ",[15,135382,132721],{},[20,135384,135385],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[38,135387,1332],{"id":1331},[163,135389,135390,135395,135401,135407,135413],{},[166,135391,135392],{},[221,135393,135394],{"href":135116},"How to join strings in Python",[166,135396,135397],{},[221,135398,125639,135399,1070],{"href":128326},[15,135400,59967],{},[166,135402,135403],{},[221,135404,3015,135405,2948],{"href":41609},[15,135406,47119],{},[166,135408,135409],{},[221,135410,29777,135411],{"href":134559},[15,135412,134562],{},[166,135414,135415],{},[221,135416,124394],{"href":50412},[20,135418,96775,135419,135421],{},[15,135420,132721],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1364,135423,135424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":135426},[135427,135428,135430,135433,135440,135450,135458,135468,135475,135476,135488],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":132838,"depth":103,"text":135429},"What join() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":135431},[135432],{"id":48445,"depth":124,"text":48446},{"id":121169,"depth":103,"text":121170,"children":135434},[135435,135436,135437,135438],{"id":133185,"depth":124,"text":133186},{"id":133277,"depth":124,"text":133278},{"id":133378,"depth":124,"text":133379},{"id":133487,"depth":124,"text":135439},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133590,"depth":103,"text":133591,"children":135441},[135442,135444,135446,135448],{"id":133597,"depth":124,"text":135443},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133664,"depth":124,"text":135445},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133753,"depth":124,"text":135447},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133839,"depth":124,"text":135449},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133914,"depth":103,"text":133915,"children":135451},[135452,135453,135454,135456],{"id":133923,"depth":124,"text":133924},{"id":134006,"depth":124,"text":134007},{"id":134160,"depth":124,"text":135455},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134332,"depth":124,"text":135457},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134419,"depth":103,"text":135459,"children":135460},"Common errors with join()",[135461,135463,135465,135466],{"id":134428,"depth":124,"text":135462},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134565,"depth":124,"text":135464},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134709,"depth":124,"text":134710},{"id":134784,"depth":124,"text":135467},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134899,"depth":103,"text":135469,"children":135470},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135471,135473],{"id":134914,"depth":124,"text":135472},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":134996,"depth":124,"text":135474},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135120,"depth":103,"text":135121},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":135477},[135478,135480,135482,135484,135486],{"id":135334,"depth":124,"text":135479},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135349,"depth":124,"text":135481},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135357,"depth":124,"text":135483},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135367,"depth":124,"text":135485},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135376,"depth":124,"text":135487},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132713,"description":135489},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135496,"title":135497,"body":135498,"description":137066,"extension":1401,"meta":137067,"navigation":127,"path":137068,"seo":137069,"stem":137070,"__hash__":137071},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135499,"toc":137033},[135500,135505,135510,135512,135526,135571,135578,135583,135588,135590,135606,135615,135617,135619,135634,135636,135646,135648,135710,135712,135715,135776,135778,135794,135796,135809,135812,135859,135861,135867,135870,135873,135933,135941,136027,136031,136036,136038,136052,136055,136140,136143,136201,136212,136267,136269,136276,136282,136288,136332,136335,136382,136384,136386,136393,136395,136426,136429,136431,136462,136466,136469,136471,136511,136513,136556,136562,136567,136569,136596,136601,136604,136653,136657,136660,136735,136746,136749,136806,136813,136819,136827,136832,136839,136846,136864,136866,136920,136928,136930,136935,136938,136944,136950,136955,136958,136964,136970,136977,136985,136987,137030],[10,135501,122639,135503,18],{"id":135502},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135504,123369],{},[20,135506,122644,135507,135509],{},[15,135508,123369],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135511,23527],{},[163,135513,135514,135517,135520,135523],{},[166,135515,135516],{},"convert text to lowercase",[166,135518,135519],{},"compare text without case differences",[166,135521,135522],{},"clean up user input",[166,135524,135525],{},"make simple text matching easier",[43,135527,135529],{"className":45,"code":135528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135530,135531,135544,135558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135532,135533,135535,135537,135539,135542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135534,34120],{"class":58},[52,135536,63],{"class":62},[52,135538,83],{"class":70},[52,135540,135541],{"class":74},"Hello WORLD",[52,135543,2797],{"class":70},[52,135545,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135547,1668],{"class":58},[52,135549,63],{"class":62},[52,135551,42276],{"class":58},[52,135553,114],{"class":66},[52,135555,8087],{"class":117},[52,135557,121],{"class":66},[52,135559,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135561,135],{"class":134},[52,135563,138],{"class":66},[52,135565,1703],{"class":117},[52,135567,3102],{"class":66},[52,135569,135570],{"class":3105},"  # hello world\n",[20,135572,135573,184,135575,135577],{},[30,135574,183],{},[15,135576,123369],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[38,135579,194,135581,197],{"id":135580},"what-lower-does",[15,135582,123369],{},[20,135584,135585,135587],{},[15,135586,123369],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135589,247],{},[163,135591,135592,135597,135600,135603],{},[166,135593,135594,135596],{},[15,135595,123369],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[166,135598,135599],{},"It works on string objects",[166,135601,135602],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[166,135604,135605],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135607,124391,135608,135612,135613,114],{},[221,135609,135611],{"href":135610},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[221,135614,50413],{"href":50412},[38,135616,228],{"id":227},[20,135618,1597],{},[43,135620,135622],{"className":45,"code":135621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.lower()\n",[15,135623,135624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135625,135626,135628,135630,135632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135627,60610],{"class":58},[52,135629,114],{"class":66},[52,135631,8087],{"class":117},[52,135633,121],{"class":66},[20,135635,43085],{},[163,135637,135638,135640,135643],{},[166,135639,96952],{},[166,135641,135642],{},"You call it directly on a string",[166,135644,135645],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135647,267],{},[43,135649,135651],{"className":45,"code":135650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135652,135653,135676,135680,135693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135654,135655,135657,135659,135661,135664,135666,135668,135670,135673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135656,135],{"class":134},[52,135658,138],{"class":66},[52,135660,71],{"class":70},[52,135662,135663],{"class":74},"HELLO",[52,135665,71],{"class":70},[52,135667,114],{"class":66},[52,135669,8087],{"class":117},[52,135671,135672],{"class":66},"())",[52,135674,135675],{"class":3105},"  # hello\n",[52,135677,135678],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135679,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135681,135682,135684,135686,135688,135691],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135683,7323],{"class":58},[52,135685,63],{"class":62},[52,135687,83],{"class":70},[52,135689,135690],{"class":74},"PyThOn",[52,135692,2797],{"class":70},[52,135694,135695,135697,135699,135701,135703,135705,135707],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135696,135],{"class":134},[52,135698,138],{"class":66},[52,135700,7115],{"class":117},[52,135702,114],{"class":66},[52,135704,8087],{"class":117},[52,135706,135672],{"class":66},[52,135708,135709],{"class":3105},"  # python\n",[38,135711,10917],{"id":10916},[20,135713,135714],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[43,135716,135718],{"className":45,"code":135717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135719,135720,135732,135736,135751,135755,135766],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135721,135722,135724,135726,135728,135730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135723,34120],{"class":58},[52,135725,63],{"class":62},[52,135727,83],{"class":70},[52,135729,135541],{"class":74},[52,135731,2797],{"class":70},[52,135733,135734],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135735,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135737,135738,135741,135743,135745,135747,135749],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135739,135740],{"class":58},"lower_text ",[52,135742,63],{"class":62},[52,135744,42276],{"class":58},[52,135746,114],{"class":66},[52,135748,8087],{"class":117},[52,135750,121],{"class":66},[52,135752,135753],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135754,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135756,135757,135759,135761,135764],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,135758,135],{"class":134},[52,135760,138],{"class":66},[52,135762,135763],{"class":117},"lower_text",[52,135765,144],{"class":66},[52,135767,135768,135770,135772,135774],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,135769,135],{"class":134},[52,135771,138],{"class":66},[52,135773,34141],{"class":117},[52,135775,144],{"class":66},[20,135777,1509],{},[43,135779,135781],{"className":45,"code":135780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135782,135783,135787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135784,135785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135786,133655],{"class":58},[52,135788,135789,135791],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135790,131055],{"class":58},[52,135792,135793],{"class":33885},"WORLD\n",[20,135795,24047],{},[163,135797,135798,135803],{},[166,135799,135800,135802],{},[15,135801,123369],{}," returns the lowercase result",[166,135804,135805,135806,135808],{},"the original ",[15,135807,34141],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135810,135811],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[43,135813,135815],{"className":45,"code":135814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135816,135817,135829,135843,135847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135818,135819,135821,135823,135825,135827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135820,34120],{"class":58},[52,135822,63],{"class":62},[52,135824,83],{"class":70},[52,135826,135541],{"class":74},[52,135828,2797],{"class":70},[52,135830,135831,135833,135835,135837,135839,135841],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135832,34120],{"class":58},[52,135834,63],{"class":62},[52,135836,42276],{"class":58},[52,135838,114],{"class":66},[52,135840,8087],{"class":117},[52,135842,121],{"class":66},[52,135844,135845],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135846,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135848,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135850,135],{"class":134},[52,135852,138],{"class":66},[52,135854,34141],{"class":117},[52,135856,3102],{"class":66},[52,135858,135570],{"class":3105},[38,135860,16859],{"id":16858},[20,135862,135863,21415,135865,114],{},[15,135864,123369],{},[30,135866,60610],{},[20,135868,135869],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135871,135872],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[43,135874,135876],{"className":45,"code":135875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135877,135878,135892,135896,135919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135879,135880,135883,135885,135887,135890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135881,135882],{"class":58},"answer ",[52,135884,63],{"class":62},[52,135886,83],{"class":70},[52,135888,135889],{"class":74},"YES",[52,135891,2797],{"class":70},[52,135893,135894],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135895,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135897,135898,135900,135903,135905,135907,135909,135911,135913,135915,135917],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135899,732],{"class":731},[52,135901,135902],{"class":58}," answer",[52,135904,114],{"class":66},[52,135906,8087],{"class":117},[52,135908,6812],{"class":66},[52,135910,5854],{"class":62},[52,135912,83],{"class":70},[52,135914,8104],{"class":74},[52,135916,71],{"class":70},[52,135918,737],{"class":66},[52,135920,135921,135923,135925,135927,135929,135931],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135922,757],{"class":134},[52,135924,138],{"class":66},[52,135926,71],{"class":70},[52,135928,96263],{"class":74},[52,135930,71],{"class":70},[52,135932,144],{"class":66},[20,135934,135935,135936,202],{},"This is especially useful with ",[221,135937,135938,135939,1742],{"href":7666},"the ",[15,135940,2396],{},[43,135942,135944],{"className":45,"code":135943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,135945,135946,135965,135969,135991,136006,136012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135947,135948,135950,135952,135954,135956,135958,135961,135963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135949,135882],{"class":58},[52,135951,63],{"class":62},[52,135953,7689],{"class":134},[52,135955,138],{"class":66},[52,135957,71],{"class":70},[52,135959,135960],{"class":74},"Type yes or no: ",[52,135962,71],{"class":70},[52,135964,144],{"class":66},[52,135966,135967],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,135968,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,135970,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985,135987,135989],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,135972,732],{"class":731},[52,135974,135902],{"class":58},[52,135976,114],{"class":66},[52,135978,8087],{"class":117},[52,135980,6812],{"class":66},[52,135982,5854],{"class":62},[52,135984,83],{"class":70},[52,135986,8104],{"class":74},[52,135988,71],{"class":70},[52,135990,737],{"class":66},[52,135992,135993,135995,135997,135999,136002,136004],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,135994,757],{"class":134},[52,135996,138],{"class":66},[52,135998,71],{"class":70},[52,136000,136001],{"class":74},"You typed yes",[52,136003,71],{"class":70},[52,136005,144],{"class":66},[52,136007,136008,136010],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,136009,777],{"class":731},[52,136011,737],{"class":66},[52,136013,136014,136016,136018,136020,136023,136025],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,136015,757],{"class":134},[52,136017,138],{"class":66},[52,136019,71],{"class":70},[52,136021,136022],{"class":74},"You typed something else",[52,136024,71],{"class":70},[52,136026,144],{"class":66},[38,136028,136030],{"id":136029},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136032,136033,136035],{},[15,136034,123369],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136037,6789],{},[163,136039,136040,136043,136046,136049],{},[166,136041,136042],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[166,136044,136045],{},"Make text matching easier",[166,136047,136048],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[166,136050,136051],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136053,136054],{},"Example: checking user input",[43,136056,136058],{"className":45,"code":136057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136059,136060,136078,136082,136104,136119,136125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136061,136062,136064,136066,136068,136070,136072,136074,136076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136063,44393],{"class":58},[52,136065,63],{"class":62},[52,136067,7689],{"class":134},[52,136069,138],{"class":66},[52,136071,71],{"class":70},[52,136073,44404],{"class":74},[52,136075,71],{"class":70},[52,136077,144],{"class":66},[52,136079,136080],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136081,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136083,136084,136086,136088,136090,136092,136094,136096,136098,136100,136102],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136085,732],{"class":731},[52,136087,35284],{"class":58},[52,136089,114],{"class":66},[52,136091,8087],{"class":117},[52,136093,6812],{"class":66},[52,136095,5854],{"class":62},[52,136097,83],{"class":70},[52,136099,295],{"class":74},[52,136101,71],{"class":70},[52,136103,737],{"class":66},[52,136105,136106,136108,136110,136112,136115,136117],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136107,757],{"class":134},[52,136109,138],{"class":66},[52,136111,71],{"class":70},[52,136113,136114],{"class":74},"Nice choice!",[52,136116,71],{"class":70},[52,136118,144],{"class":66},[52,136120,136121,136123],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,136122,777],{"class":731},[52,136124,737],{"class":66},[52,136126,136127,136129,136131,136133,136136,136138],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,136128,757],{"class":134},[52,136130,138],{"class":66},[52,136132,71],{"class":70},[52,136134,136135],{"class":74},"Got it.",[52,136137,71],{"class":70},[52,136139,144],{"class":66},[20,136141,136142],{},"Example: simple search",[43,136144,136146],{"className":45,"code":136145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136147,136148,136161,136165,136186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136149,136150,136152,136154,136156,136159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136151,89437],{"class":58},[52,136153,63],{"class":62},[52,136155,83],{"class":70},[52,136157,136158],{"class":74},"Python Is Fun",[52,136160,2797],{"class":70},[52,136162,136163],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136164,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136166,136167,136169,136171,136173,136175,136177,136180,136182,136184],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136168,732],{"class":731},[52,136170,83],{"class":70},[52,136172,47],{"class":74},[52,136174,71],{"class":70},[52,136176,20613],{"class":62},[52,136178,136179],{"class":58}," message",[52,136181,114],{"class":66},[52,136183,8087],{"class":117},[52,136185,21035],{"class":66},[52,136187,136188,136190,136192,136194,136197,136199],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136189,757],{"class":134},[52,136191,138],{"class":66},[52,136193,71],{"class":70},[52,136195,136196],{"class":74},"Found it",[52,136198,71],{"class":70},[52,136200,144],{"class":66},[20,136202,136203,136204,136206,136207,202],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136205,123369],{}," is often used with ",[221,136208,136210],{"href":136209},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136211,41087],{},[43,136213,136215],{"className":45,"code":136214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136216,136217,136230,136249,136253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136218,136219,136221,136223,136225,136228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136220,7323],{"class":58},[52,136222,63],{"class":62},[52,136224,83],{"class":70},[52,136226,136227],{"class":74},"  ALICE  ",[52,136229,2797],{"class":70},[52,136231,136232,136235,136237,136239,136241,136243,136245,136247],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136233,136234],{"class":58},"clean_name ",[52,136236,63],{"class":62},[52,136238,35425],{"class":58},[52,136240,114],{"class":66},[52,136242,8081],{"class":117},[52,136244,8084],{"class":66},[52,136246,8087],{"class":117},[52,136248,121],{"class":66},[52,136250,136251],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136252,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136254,136255,136257,136259,136262,136264],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136256,135],{"class":134},[52,136258,138],{"class":66},[52,136260,136261],{"class":117},"clean_name",[52,136263,3102],{"class":66},[52,136265,136266],{"class":3105},"  # alice\n",[38,136268,15037],{"id":15036},[20,136270,136271,136272,136275],{},"Strings are ",[30,136273,136274],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136277,136278,136279,136281],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136280,123369],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136283,136284,136285,136287],{},"So this does ",[30,136286,32],{}," update the original variable:",[43,136289,136291],{"className":45,"code":136290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136292,136293,136305,136315,136319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136294,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136296,34120],{"class":58},[52,136298,63],{"class":62},[52,136300,83],{"class":70},[52,136302,135663],{"class":74},[52,136304,2797],{"class":70},[52,136306,136307,136309,136311,136313],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136308,34141],{"class":58},[52,136310,114],{"class":66},[52,136312,8087],{"class":117},[52,136314,121],{"class":66},[52,136316,136317],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136318,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136320,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136322,135],{"class":134},[52,136324,138],{"class":66},[52,136326,34141],{"class":117},[52,136328,3102],{"class":66},[52,136330,136331],{"class":3105},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136333,136334],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[43,136336,136338],{"className":45,"code":136337,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136339,136340,136352,136366,136370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136341,136342,136344,136346,136348,136350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136343,34120],{"class":58},[52,136345,63],{"class":62},[52,136347,83],{"class":70},[52,136349,135663],{"class":74},[52,136351,2797],{"class":70},[52,136353,136354,136356,136358,136360,136362,136364],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136355,34120],{"class":58},[52,136357,63],{"class":62},[52,136359,42276],{"class":58},[52,136361,114],{"class":66},[52,136363,8087],{"class":117},[52,136365,121],{"class":66},[52,136367,136368],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136369,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136371,136372,136374,136376,136378,136380],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136373,135],{"class":134},[52,136375,138],{"class":66},[52,136377,34141],{"class":117},[52,136379,3102],{"class":66},[52,136381,135675],{"class":3105},[38,136383,1158],{"id":1157},[699,136385,25128],{"id":25127},[20,136387,136388,136389,1326,136391,114],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136390,8087],{},[15,136392,123369],{},[20,136394,16083],{},[43,136396,136398],{"className":45,"code":136397,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136399,136400,136412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136401,136402,136404,136406,136408,136410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136403,34120],{"class":58},[52,136405,63],{"class":62},[52,136407,83],{"class":70},[52,136409,135663],{"class":74},[52,136411,2797],{"class":70},[52,136413,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136415,135],{"class":134},[52,136417,138],{"class":66},[52,136419,34141],{"class":117},[52,136421,114],{"class":66},[52,136423,8087],{"class":24190},[52,136425,144],{"class":66},[20,136427,136428],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136430,16095],{},[43,136432,136434],{"className":45,"code":136433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136435,136436,136448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136437,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136439,34120],{"class":58},[52,136441,63],{"class":62},[52,136443,83],{"class":70},[52,136445,135663],{"class":74},[52,136447,2797],{"class":70},[52,136449,136450,136452,136454,136456,136458,136460],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136451,135],{"class":134},[52,136453,138],{"class":66},[52,136455,34141],{"class":117},[52,136457,114],{"class":66},[52,136459,8087],{"class":117},[52,136461,6640],{"class":66},[699,136463,136465],{"id":136464},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136467,136468],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136470,16083],{},[43,136472,136474],{"className":45,"code":136473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136475,136476,136488,136498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136477,136478,136480,136482,136484,136486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136479,34120],{"class":58},[52,136481,63],{"class":62},[52,136483,83],{"class":70},[52,136485,135663],{"class":74},[52,136487,2797],{"class":70},[52,136489,136490,136492,136494,136496],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136491,34141],{"class":58},[52,136493,114],{"class":66},[52,136495,8087],{"class":117},[52,136497,121],{"class":66},[52,136499,136500,136502,136504,136506,136508],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136501,135],{"class":134},[52,136503,138],{"class":66},[52,136505,34141],{"class":117},[52,136507,3102],{"class":66},[52,136509,136510],{"class":3105},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136512,16095],{},[43,136514,136516],{"className":45,"code":136515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136517,136518,136530,136544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136519,136520,136522,136524,136526,136528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136521,34120],{"class":58},[52,136523,63],{"class":62},[52,136525,83],{"class":70},[52,136527,135663],{"class":74},[52,136529,2797],{"class":70},[52,136531,136532,136534,136536,136538,136540,136542],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136533,34120],{"class":58},[52,136535,63],{"class":62},[52,136537,42276],{"class":58},[52,136539,114],{"class":66},[52,136541,8087],{"class":117},[52,136543,121],{"class":66},[52,136545,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136547,135],{"class":134},[52,136549,138],{"class":66},[52,136551,34141],{"class":117},[52,136553,3102],{"class":66},[52,136555,135675],{"class":3105},[699,136557,1185,136559,136561],{"id":136558},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136560,123369],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136563,136564,136566],{},[15,136565,123369],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136568,16083],{},[43,136570,136572],{"className":45,"code":136571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136573,136574,136582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136575,136576,136578,136580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136577,1655],{"class":58},[52,136579,63],{"class":62},[52,136581,124321],{"class":947},[52,136583,136584,136586,136588,136590,136592,136594],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136585,135],{"class":134},[52,136587,138],{"class":66},[52,136589,1678],{"class":117},[52,136591,114],{"class":66},[52,136593,8087],{"class":117},[52,136595,6640],{"class":66},[20,136597,136598,136599,33032],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136600,123369],{},[20,136602,136603],{},"You can check the type first:",[43,136605,136607],{"className":45,"code":136606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136608,136609,136621,136625,136639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136610,136611,136613,136615,136617,136619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136612,34120],{"class":58},[52,136614,63],{"class":62},[52,136616,83],{"class":70},[52,136618,135663],{"class":74},[52,136620,2797],{"class":70},[52,136622,136623],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136624,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136626,136627,136629,136631,136633,136635,136637],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136628,135],{"class":134},[52,136630,138],{"class":66},[52,136632,1231],{"class":600},[52,136634,138],{"class":66},[52,136636,34141],{"class":117},[52,136638,1222],{"class":66},[52,136640,136641,136643,136645,136647,136649,136651],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136642,135],{"class":134},[52,136644,138],{"class":66},[52,136646,34141],{"class":117},[52,136648,114],{"class":66},[52,136650,8087],{"class":117},[52,136652,6640],{"class":66},[699,136654,136656],{"id":136655},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136658,136659],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[43,136661,136663],{"className":45,"code":136662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136664,136665,136678,136682,136699,136714,136720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136666,136667,136669,136671,136673,136676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136668,135882],{"class":58},[52,136670,63],{"class":62},[52,136672,83],{"class":70},[52,136674,136675],{"class":74},"Yes",[52,136677,2797],{"class":70},[52,136679,136680],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136681,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136683,136684,136686,136689,136691,136693,136695,136697],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136685,732],{"class":731},[52,136687,136688],{"class":58}," answer ",[52,136690,4131],{"class":62},[52,136692,83],{"class":70},[52,136694,8104],{"class":74},[52,136696,71],{"class":70},[52,136698,737],{"class":66},[52,136700,136701,136703,136705,136707,136710,136712],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136702,757],{"class":134},[52,136704,138],{"class":66},[52,136706,71],{"class":70},[52,136708,136709],{"class":74},"Match",[52,136711,71],{"class":70},[52,136713,144],{"class":66},[52,136715,136716,136718],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,136717,777],{"class":731},[52,136719,737],{"class":66},[52,136721,136722,136724,136726,136728,136731,136733],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,136723,757],{"class":134},[52,136725,138],{"class":66},[52,136727,71],{"class":70},[52,136729,136730],{"class":74},"No match",[52,136732,71],{"class":70},[52,136734,144],{"class":66},[20,136736,28496,136737,803,136740,136743,136744,114],{},[15,136738,136739],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136741,136742],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136745,136730],{},[20,136747,136748],{},"Better:",[43,136750,136752],{"className":45,"code":136751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136753,136754,136766,136770,136792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136755,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136757,135882],{"class":58},[52,136759,63],{"class":62},[52,136761,83],{"class":70},[52,136763,136675],{"class":74},[52,136765,2797],{"class":70},[52,136767,136768],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136769,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136771,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782,136784,136786,136788,136790],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136773,732],{"class":731},[52,136775,135902],{"class":58},[52,136777,114],{"class":66},[52,136779,8087],{"class":117},[52,136781,6812],{"class":66},[52,136783,5854],{"class":62},[52,136785,83],{"class":70},[52,136787,8104],{"class":74},[52,136789,71],{"class":70},[52,136791,737],{"class":66},[52,136793,136794,136796,136798,136800,136802,136804],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136795,757],{"class":134},[52,136797,138],{"class":66},[52,136799,71],{"class":70},[52,136801,136709],{"class":74},[52,136803,71],{"class":70},[52,136805,144],{"class":66},[699,136807,43648,136809,136812],{"id":136808},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136810,136811],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136814,136815,136816,136818],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136817,123369],{}," is enough.",[20,136820,136821,136822,136824,136825,114],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136823,136811],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136826,123369],{},[20,136828,136829,136830,121881],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136831,123369],{},[38,136833,136835,897,136837],{"id":136834},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136836,123369],{},[15,136838,127517],{},[20,136840,136841,803,136843,136845],{},[15,136842,123369],{},[15,136844,127517],{}," are very similar.",[163,136847,136848,136853,136858,136861],{},[166,136849,136850,136852],{},[15,136851,123369],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[166,136854,136855,136857],{},[15,136856,127517],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[166,136859,136860],{},"Both return new strings",[166,136862,136863],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136865,267],{},[43,136867,136869],{"className":45,"code":136868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136870,136871,136883,136887,136903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136872,136873,136875,136877,136879,136881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136874,34120],{"class":58},[52,136876,63],{"class":62},[52,136878,83],{"class":70},[52,136880,128358],{"class":74},[52,136882,2797],{"class":70},[52,136884,136885],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,136886,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,136888,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897,136899,136901],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,136890,135],{"class":134},[52,136892,138],{"class":66},[52,136894,34141],{"class":117},[52,136896,114],{"class":66},[52,136898,8087],{"class":117},[52,136900,135672],{"class":66},[52,136902,135570],{"class":3105},[52,136904,136905,136907,136909,136911,136913,136915,136917],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,136906,135],{"class":134},[52,136908,138],{"class":66},[52,136910,34141],{"class":117},[52,136912,114],{"class":66},[52,136914,33910],{"class":117},[52,136916,135672],{"class":66},[52,136918,136919],{"class":3105},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,136921,136922,136923,114],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[221,136924,125639,136926,1070],{"href":136925},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,136927,127517],{},[38,136929,1273],{"id":1272},[699,136931,1277,136933,123966],{"id":136932},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,136934,123369],{},[20,136936,136937],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[699,136939,1277,136941,136943],{"id":136940},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,136942,123369],{}," take any arguments?",[20,136945,136946,136947,114],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,136948,136949],{},"string.lower()",[699,136951,4586,136953,12159],{"id":136952},"what-does-lower-return",[15,136954,123369],{},[20,136956,136957],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[699,136959,27767,136961,136963],{"id":136960},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,136962,123369],{}," on user input?",[20,136965,136966,136967,136969],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,136968,2396],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[699,136971,4624,136973,803,136975,1293],{"id":136972},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,136974,123369],{},[15,136976,136811],{},[20,136978,136979,136981,136982,136984],{},[15,136980,123369],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,136983,136811],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[38,136986,1332],{"id":1331},[163,136988,136989,136993,136999,137005,137011,137015,137019,137025],{},[166,136990,136991],{},[221,136992,50413],{"href":50412},[166,136994,136995],{},[221,136996,125639,136997,1070],{"href":136925},[15,136998,127517],{},[166,137000,137001],{},[221,137002,125639,137003,1070],{"href":136209},[15,137004,41087],{},[166,137006,137007],{},[221,137008,125639,137009,1070],{"href":129220},[15,137010,123810],{},[166,137012,137013],{},[221,137014,124038],{"href":122894},[166,137016,137017],{},[221,137018,90113],{"href":89122},[166,137020,137021],{},[221,137022,3015,137023,2948],{"href":7666},[15,137024,2396],{},[166,137026,137027],{},[221,137028,137029],{"href":135610},"What is a string in Python?",[1364,137031,137032],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":137034},[137035,137037,137038,137039,137040,137041,137042,137051,137053,137065],{"id":135580,"depth":103,"text":137036},"What lower() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":136029,"depth":103,"text":136030},{"id":15036,"depth":103,"text":15037},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":137043},[137044,137045,137046,137048,137049],{"id":25127,"depth":124,"text":25128},{"id":136464,"depth":124,"text":136465},{"id":136558,"depth":124,"text":137047},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136655,"depth":124,"text":136656},{"id":136808,"depth":124,"text":137050},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136834,"depth":103,"text":137052},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":137054},[137055,137057,137059,137061,137063],{"id":136932,"depth":124,"text":137056},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":136940,"depth":124,"text":137058},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":136952,"depth":124,"text":137060},"What does lower() return?",{"id":136960,"depth":124,"text":137062},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":136972,"depth":124,"text":137064},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135497,"description":137066},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137073,"title":137074,"body":137075,"description":138625,"extension":1401,"meta":138626,"navigation":127,"path":138627,"seo":138628,"stem":138629,"__hash__":138630},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137076,"toc":138586},[137077,137082,137087,137093,137108,137110,137170,137172,137181,137187,137192,137197,137199,137213,137217,137219,137266,137268,137286,137288,137291,137362,137364,137378,137381,137393,137402,137406,137411,137416,137420,137486,137488,137497,137501,137566,137568,137577,137580,137585,137589,137594,137598,137659,137661,137670,137674,137677,137733,137735,137744,137747,137760,137762,137766,137773,137835,137837,137850,137856,137859,137866,137871,137876,137879,137887,137889,137950,137952,137961,137964,138011,138014,138061,138063,138068,138085,138092,138097,138150,138152,138160,138162,138219,138221,138229,138233,138280,138282,138290,138298,138302,138350,138352,138361,138366,138417,138419,138428,138435,138438,138459,138461,138466,138469,138473,138476,138480,138483,138510,138516,138519,138546,138551,138553,138555,138583],[10,137078,122639,137080,18],{"id":137079},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137081,123810],{},[20,137083,122644,137084,137086],{},[15,137085,123810],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137088,137089,137090,137092],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137091,123810],{},". You will learn:",[163,137094,137095,137099,137102,137105],{},[166,137096,25459,137097,197],{},[15,137098,123810],{},[166,137100,137101],{},"how its syntax works",[166,137103,137104],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[166,137106,137107],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[38,137109,41],{"id":40},[43,137111,137113],{"className":45,"code":137112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137114,137115,137128,137160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137118,34120],{"class":58},[52,137120,63],{"class":62},[52,137122,83],{"class":70},[52,137124,137125],{"class":74},"I like cats",[52,137127,2797],{"class":70},[52,137129,137130,137132,137134,137136,137138,137140,137142,137144,137147,137149,137151,137153,137156,137158],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137131,129478],{"class":58},[52,137133,63],{"class":62},[52,137135,42276],{"class":58},[52,137137,114],{"class":66},[52,137139,34431],{"class":117},[52,137141,138],{"class":66},[52,137143,71],{"class":70},[52,137145,137146],{"class":74},"cats",[52,137148,71],{"class":70},[52,137150,80],{"class":66},[52,137152,83],{"class":70},[52,137154,137155],{"class":74},"dogs",[52,137157,71],{"class":70},[52,137159,144],{"class":66},[52,137161,137162,137164,137166,137168],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137163,135],{"class":134},[52,137165,138],{"class":66},[52,137167,129509],{"class":117},[52,137169,144],{"class":66},[20,137171,1509],{},[43,137173,137175],{"className":45,"code":137174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like dogs\n",[15,137176,137177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137178,137179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137180,137174],{"class":58},[20,137182,799,137183,137186],{},[15,137184,137185],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[38,137188,194,137190,197],{"id":137189},"what-replace-does",[15,137191,123810],{},[20,137193,137194,137196],{},[15,137195,123810],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137198,247],{},[163,137200,137201,137203,137205,137208],{},[166,137202,132887],{},[166,137204,135605],{},[166,137206,137207],{},"It works on exact matches",[166,137209,137210,137211],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137212,40693],{},[20,137214,124391,137215,114],{},[221,137216,124394],{"href":50412},[38,137218,4877],{"id":4876},[43,137220,137222],{"className":45,"code":137221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137223,137224,137244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137225,137226,137228,137230,137232,137234,137237,137239,137242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137227,60610],{"class":58},[52,137229,114],{"class":66},[52,137231,34431],{"class":117},[52,137233,138],{"class":66},[52,137235,137236],{"class":117},"old",[52,137238,80],{"class":66},[52,137240,137241],{"class":117}," new",[52,137243,144],{"class":66},[52,137245,137246,137248,137250,137252,137254,137256,137258,137260,137262,137264],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137247,60610],{"class":58},[52,137249,114],{"class":66},[52,137251,34431],{"class":117},[52,137253,138],{"class":66},[52,137255,137236],{"class":117},[52,137257,80],{"class":66},[52,137259,137241],{"class":117},[52,137261,80],{"class":66},[52,137263,49038],{"class":117},[52,137265,144],{"class":66},[699,137267,16835],{"id":16834},[163,137269,137270,137275,137281],{},[166,137271,137272,137274],{},[15,137273,137236],{}," = the text to find",[166,137276,137277,137280],{},[15,137278,137279],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[166,137282,137283,137285],{},[15,137284,40693],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[38,137287,5234],{"id":5233},[20,137289,137290],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[43,137292,137294],{"className":45,"code":137293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137295,137296,137308,137338,137342,137352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137297,137298,137300,137302,137304,137306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137299,34120],{"class":58},[52,137301,63],{"class":62},[52,137303,83],{"class":70},[52,137305,137125],{"class":74},[52,137307,2797],{"class":70},[52,137309,137310,137312,137314,137316,137318,137320,137322,137324,137326,137328,137330,137332,137334,137336],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137311,129478],{"class":58},[52,137313,63],{"class":62},[52,137315,42276],{"class":58},[52,137317,114],{"class":66},[52,137319,34431],{"class":117},[52,137321,138],{"class":66},[52,137323,71],{"class":70},[52,137325,137146],{"class":74},[52,137327,71],{"class":70},[52,137329,80],{"class":66},[52,137331,83],{"class":70},[52,137333,137155],{"class":74},[52,137335,71],{"class":70},[52,137337,144],{"class":66},[52,137339,137340],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137341,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137343,137344,137346,137348,137350],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137345,135],{"class":134},[52,137347,138],{"class":66},[52,137349,34141],{"class":117},[52,137351,144],{"class":66},[52,137353,137354,137356,137358,137360],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,137355,135],{"class":134},[52,137357,138],{"class":66},[52,137359,129509],{"class":117},[52,137361,144],{"class":66},[20,137363,1509],{},[43,137365,137367],{"className":45,"code":137366,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137368,137369,137374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137370,137371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137372,137373],{"class":58},"I like cats\n",[52,137375,137376],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137377,137174],{"class":58},[20,137379,137380],{},"Notice what happened:",[163,137382,137383,137388],{},[166,137384,137385,137387],{},[15,137386,34141],{}," did not change",[166,137389,137390,137392],{},[15,137391,129509],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137394,137395,137396,137398,137399,137401],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,137397,136274],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137400,123810],{}," return a new string instead.",[38,137403,137405],{"id":137404},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137407,89131,137408,137410],{},[15,137409,123810],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137412,137413,137414,36054],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137415,40693],{},[699,137417,137419],{"id":137418},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[43,137421,137423],{"className":45,"code":137422,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137424,137425,137438,137472,137476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137426,137427,137429,137431,137433,137436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137428,34120],{"class":58},[52,137430,63],{"class":62},[52,137432,83],{"class":70},[52,137434,137435],{"class":74},"cat cat cat",[52,137437,2797],{"class":70},[52,137439,137440,137442,137444,137446,137448,137450,137452,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137468,137470],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137441,1668],{"class":58},[52,137443,63],{"class":62},[52,137445,42276],{"class":58},[52,137447,114],{"class":66},[52,137449,34431],{"class":117},[52,137451,138],{"class":66},[52,137453,71],{"class":70},[52,137455,488],{"class":74},[52,137457,71],{"class":70},[52,137459,80],{"class":66},[52,137461,83],{"class":70},[52,137463,497],{"class":74},[52,137465,71],{"class":70},[52,137467,80],{"class":66},[52,137469,4944],{"class":947},[52,137471,144],{"class":66},[52,137473,137474],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137475,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137477,137478,137480,137482,137484],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137479,135],{"class":134},[52,137481,138],{"class":66},[52,137483,1703],{"class":117},[52,137485,144],{"class":66},[20,137487,1509],{},[43,137489,137491],{"className":45,"code":137490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137492,137493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137494,137495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137496,137490],{"class":58},[699,137498,137500],{"id":137499},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[43,137502,137504],{"className":45,"code":137503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137505,137506,137518,137552,137556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137507,137508,137510,137512,137514,137516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137509,34120],{"class":58},[52,137511,63],{"class":62},[52,137513,83],{"class":70},[52,137515,137435],{"class":74},[52,137517,2797],{"class":70},[52,137519,137520,137522,137524,137526,137528,137530,137532,137534,137536,137538,137540,137542,137544,137546,137548,137550],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137521,1668],{"class":58},[52,137523,63],{"class":62},[52,137525,42276],{"class":58},[52,137527,114],{"class":66},[52,137529,34431],{"class":117},[52,137531,138],{"class":66},[52,137533,71],{"class":70},[52,137535,488],{"class":74},[52,137537,71],{"class":70},[52,137539,80],{"class":66},[52,137541,83],{"class":70},[52,137543,497],{"class":74},[52,137545,71],{"class":70},[52,137547,80],{"class":66},[52,137549,953],{"class":947},[52,137551,144],{"class":66},[52,137553,137554],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137555,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137557,137558,137560,137562,137564],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137559,135],{"class":134},[52,137561,138],{"class":66},[52,137563,1703],{"class":117},[52,137565,144],{"class":66},[20,137567,1509],{},[43,137569,137571],{"className":45,"code":137570,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137572,137573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137574,137575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137576,137570],{"class":58},[20,137578,137579],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137581,137582,137583,114],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[221,137584,127363],{"href":123807},[38,137586,137588],{"id":137587},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137590,137591,137593],{},[15,137592,123810],{}," can also change single characters.",[699,137595,137597],{"id":137596},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[43,137599,137601],{"className":45,"code":137600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137602,137603,137615,137645,137649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137604,137605,137607,137609,137611,137613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137606,34120],{"class":58},[52,137608,63],{"class":62},[52,137610,83],{"class":70},[52,137612,86],{"class":74},[52,137614,2797],{"class":70},[52,137616,137617,137619,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639,137641,137643],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137618,1668],{"class":58},[52,137620,63],{"class":62},[52,137622,42276],{"class":58},[52,137624,114],{"class":66},[52,137626,34431],{"class":117},[52,137628,138],{"class":66},[52,137630,71],{"class":70},[52,137632,221],{"class":74},[52,137634,71],{"class":70},[52,137636,80],{"class":66},[52,137638,83],{"class":70},[52,137640,59909],{"class":74},[52,137642,71],{"class":70},[52,137644,144],{"class":66},[52,137646,137647],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137648,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137650,137651,137653,137655,137657],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137652,135],{"class":134},[52,137654,138],{"class":66},[52,137656,1703],{"class":117},[52,137658,144],{"class":66},[20,137660,1509],{},[43,137662,137664],{"className":45,"code":137663,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bonono\n",[15,137665,137666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137667,137668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137669,137663],{"class":58},[699,137671,137673],{"id":137672},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137675,137676],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[43,137678,137680],{"className":45,"code":137679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137681,137682,137695,137719,137723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137683,137684,137686,137688,137690,137693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137685,34120],{"class":58},[52,137687,63],{"class":62},[52,137689,83],{"class":70},[52,137691,137692],{"class":74},"a b c",[52,137694,2797],{"class":70},[52,137696,137697,137699,137701,137703,137705,137707,137709,137711,137713,137715,137717],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137698,1668],{"class":58},[52,137700,63],{"class":62},[52,137702,42276],{"class":58},[52,137704,114],{"class":66},[52,137706,34431],{"class":117},[52,137708,138],{"class":66},[52,137710,71],{"class":70},[52,137712,83],{"class":70},[52,137714,80],{"class":66},[52,137716,5573],{"class":70},[52,137718,144],{"class":66},[52,137720,137721],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137722,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137724,137725,137727,137729,137731],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137726,135],{"class":134},[52,137728,138],{"class":66},[52,137730,1703],{"class":117},[52,137732,144],{"class":66},[20,137734,1509],{},[43,137736,137738],{"className":45,"code":137737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abc\n",[15,137739,137740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137741,137742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137743,137737],{"class":58},[20,137745,137746],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137748,137749,137750,137754,137755,137759],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[221,137751,125639,137752,1070],{"href":128326},[15,137753,59967],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[221,137756,125639,137757,1070],{"href":136209},[15,137758,41087],{}," is often a better choice.",[38,137761,123286],{"id":123285},[20,137763,137764,123097],{},[15,137765,123810],{},[20,137767,126684,137768,803,137770,126691],{},[15,137769,112323],{},[15,137771,137772],{},"\"Cat\"",[43,137774,137776],{"className":45,"code":137775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137777,137778,137791,137821,137825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137779,137780,137782,137784,137786,137789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137781,34120],{"class":58},[52,137783,63],{"class":62},[52,137785,83],{"class":70},[52,137787,137788],{"class":74},"Cat cat CAT",[52,137790,2797],{"class":70},[52,137792,137793,137795,137797,137799,137801,137803,137805,137807,137809,137811,137813,137815,137817,137819],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137794,1668],{"class":58},[52,137796,63],{"class":62},[52,137798,42276],{"class":58},[52,137800,114],{"class":66},[52,137802,34431],{"class":117},[52,137804,138],{"class":66},[52,137806,71],{"class":70},[52,137808,488],{"class":74},[52,137810,71],{"class":70},[52,137812,80],{"class":66},[52,137814,83],{"class":70},[52,137816,497],{"class":74},[52,137818,71],{"class":70},[52,137820,144],{"class":66},[52,137822,137823],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137824,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137826,137827,137829,137831,137833],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137828,135],{"class":134},[52,137830,138],{"class":66},[52,137832,1703],{"class":117},[52,137834,144],{"class":66},[20,137836,1509],{},[43,137838,137840],{"className":45,"code":137839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137841,137842],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137843,137844,137847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137845,137846],{"class":58},"Cat dog ",[52,137848,137849],{"class":33885},"CAT\n",[20,137851,137852,137853,137855],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137854,112323],{}," was replaced.",[20,137857,137858],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137860,137861,137862,114],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[221,137863,125639,137864,1070],{"href":123366},[15,137865,123369],{},[38,137867,194,137869,11148],{"id":137868},"what-replace-returns",[15,137870,123810],{},[20,137872,137873,137875],{},[15,137874,123810],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137877,137878],{},"If no match is found:",[163,137880,137881,137884],{},[166,137882,137883],{},"no error happens",[166,137885,137886],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137888,267],{},[43,137890,137892],{"className":45,"code":137891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137893,137894,137906,137936,137940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137895,137896,137898,137900,137902,137904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137897,34120],{"class":58},[52,137899,63],{"class":62},[52,137901,83],{"class":70},[52,137903,3288],{"class":74},[52,137905,2797],{"class":70},[52,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916,137918,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137909,1668],{"class":58},[52,137911,63],{"class":62},[52,137913,42276],{"class":58},[52,137915,114],{"class":66},[52,137917,34431],{"class":117},[52,137919,138],{"class":66},[52,137921,71],{"class":70},[52,137923,1611],{"class":74},[52,137925,71],{"class":70},[52,137927,80],{"class":66},[52,137929,83],{"class":70},[52,137931,11188],{"class":74},[52,137933,71],{"class":70},[52,137935,144],{"class":66},[52,137937,137938],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,137939,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,137941,137942,137944,137946,137948],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,137943,135],{"class":134},[52,137945,138],{"class":66},[52,137947,1703],{"class":117},[52,137949,144],{"class":66},[20,137951,1509],{},[43,137953,137955],{"className":45,"code":137954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello\n",[15,137956,137957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137958,137959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137960,137954],{"class":58},[20,137962,137963],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[43,137965,137967],{"className":45,"code":137966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137968,137969,137981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137970,137971,137973,137975,137977,137979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137972,34120],{"class":58},[52,137974,63],{"class":62},[52,137976,83],{"class":70},[52,137978,59842],{"class":74},[52,137980,2797],{"class":70},[52,137982,137983,137985,137987,137989,137991,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,137984,129478],{"class":58},[52,137986,63],{"class":62},[52,137988,42276],{"class":58},[52,137990,114],{"class":66},[52,137992,34431],{"class":117},[52,137994,138],{"class":66},[52,137996,71],{"class":70},[52,137998,60027],{"class":74},[52,138000,71],{"class":70},[52,138002,80],{"class":66},[52,138004,83],{"class":70},[52,138006,6743],{"class":74},[52,138008,71],{"class":70},[52,138010,144],{"class":66},[20,138012,138013],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[43,138015,138017],{"className":45,"code":138016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138018,138019,138031],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138022,34120],{"class":58},[52,138024,63],{"class":62},[52,138026,83],{"class":70},[52,138028,59842],{"class":74},[52,138030,2797],{"class":70},[52,138032,138033,138035,138037,138039,138041,138043,138045,138047,138049,138051,138053,138055,138057,138059],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138034,34120],{"class":58},[52,138036,63],{"class":62},[52,138038,42276],{"class":58},[52,138040,114],{"class":66},[52,138042,34431],{"class":117},[52,138044,138],{"class":66},[52,138046,71],{"class":70},[52,138048,60027],{"class":74},[52,138050,71],{"class":70},[52,138052,80],{"class":66},[52,138054,83],{"class":70},[52,138056,6743],{"class":74},[52,138058,71],{"class":70},[52,138060,144],{"class":66},[38,138062,3961],{"id":3960},[20,138064,138065,138066,202],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138067,123810],{},[163,138069,138070,138073,138077,138080],{},[166,138071,138072],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[166,138074,1174,138075,130859],{},[15,138076,123810],{},[166,138078,138079],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[166,138081,36636,138082,138084],{},[15,138083,123810],{}," with regex-based replacements",[699,138086,138088,138089,138091],{"id":138087},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138090,123810],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138093,138094,138095,202],{},"This does not update ",[15,138096,34141],{},[43,138098,138100],{"className":45,"code":138099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138101,138102,138114,138140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138103,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138105,34120],{"class":58},[52,138107,63],{"class":62},[52,138109,83],{"class":70},[52,138111,137125],{"class":74},[52,138113,2797],{"class":70},[52,138115,138116,138118,138120,138122,138124,138126,138128,138130,138132,138134,138136,138138],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138117,34141],{"class":58},[52,138119,114],{"class":66},[52,138121,34431],{"class":117},[52,138123,138],{"class":66},[52,138125,71],{"class":70},[52,138127,137146],{"class":74},[52,138129,71],{"class":70},[52,138131,80],{"class":66},[52,138133,83],{"class":70},[52,138135,137155],{"class":74},[52,138137,71],{"class":70},[52,138139,144],{"class":66},[52,138141,138142,138144,138146,138148],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,138143,135],{"class":134},[52,138145,138],{"class":66},[52,138147,34141],{"class":117},[52,138149,144],{"class":66},[20,138151,1509],{},[43,138153,138154],{"className":45,"code":137373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138155,138156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138157,138158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138159,137373],{"class":58},[20,138161,10252],{},[43,138163,138165],{"className":45,"code":138164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138166,138167,138179,138209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138168,138169,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138170,34120],{"class":58},[52,138172,63],{"class":62},[52,138174,83],{"class":70},[52,138176,137125],{"class":74},[52,138178,2797],{"class":70},[52,138180,138181,138183,138185,138187,138189,138191,138193,138195,138197,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138182,34120],{"class":58},[52,138184,63],{"class":62},[52,138186,42276],{"class":58},[52,138188,114],{"class":66},[52,138190,34431],{"class":117},[52,138192,138],{"class":66},[52,138194,71],{"class":70},[52,138196,137146],{"class":74},[52,138198,71],{"class":70},[52,138200,80],{"class":66},[52,138202,83],{"class":70},[52,138204,137155],{"class":74},[52,138206,71],{"class":70},[52,138208,144],{"class":66},[52,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,138212,135],{"class":134},[52,138214,138],{"class":66},[52,138216,34141],{"class":117},[52,138218,144],{"class":66},[20,138220,1509],{},[43,138222,138223],{"className":45,"code":137174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138224,138225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138226,138227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138228,137174],{"class":58},[699,138230,138232],{"id":138231},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[43,138234,138236],{"className":45,"code":138235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138237,138238,138250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138239,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138241,34120],{"class":58},[52,138243,63],{"class":62},[52,138245,83],{"class":70},[52,138247,34299],{"class":74},[52,138249,2797],{"class":70},[52,138251,138252,138254,138256,138258,138260,138262,138264,138266,138268,138270,138272,138274,138276,138278],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138253,135],{"class":134},[52,138255,138],{"class":66},[52,138257,34141],{"class":117},[52,138259,114],{"class":66},[52,138261,34431],{"class":117},[52,138263,138],{"class":66},[52,138265,71],{"class":70},[52,138267,3288],{"class":74},[52,138269,71],{"class":70},[52,138271,80],{"class":66},[52,138273,83],{"class":70},[52,138275,89366],{"class":74},[52,138277,71],{"class":70},[52,138279,1222],{"class":66},[20,138281,1509],{},[43,138283,138284],{"className":45,"code":88380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138285,138286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138287,138288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138289,88380],{"class":58},[20,138291,138292,138293,803,138295,138297],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138294,63970],{},[15,138296,89848],{}," are not the same.",[699,138299,138301],{"id":138300},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[43,138303,138305],{"className":45,"code":138304,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138306,138307,138320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138308,138309,138311,138313,138315,138318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138310,34120],{"class":58},[52,138312,63],{"class":62},[52,138314,83],{"class":70},[52,138316,138317],{"class":74},"red red red",[52,138319,2797],{"class":70},[52,138321,138322,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332,138334,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138323,135],{"class":134},[52,138325,138],{"class":66},[52,138327,34141],{"class":117},[52,138329,114],{"class":66},[52,138331,34431],{"class":117},[52,138333,138],{"class":66},[52,138335,71],{"class":70},[52,138337,286],{"class":74},[52,138339,71],{"class":70},[52,138341,80],{"class":66},[52,138343,83],{"class":70},[52,138345,295],{"class":74},[52,138347,71],{"class":70},[52,138349,1222],{"class":66},[20,138351,1509],{},[43,138353,138355],{"className":45,"code":138354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138356,138357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138358,138359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138360,138354],{"class":58},[20,138362,138363,138364,202],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138365,40693],{},[43,138367,138369],{"className":45,"code":138368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138370,138371,138383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138372,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138374,34120],{"class":58},[52,138376,63],{"class":62},[52,138378,83],{"class":70},[52,138380,138317],{"class":74},[52,138382,2797],{"class":70},[52,138384,138385,138387,138389,138391,138393,138395,138397,138399,138401,138403,138405,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138386,135],{"class":134},[52,138388,138],{"class":66},[52,138390,34141],{"class":117},[52,138392,114],{"class":66},[52,138394,34431],{"class":117},[52,138396,138],{"class":66},[52,138398,71],{"class":70},[52,138400,286],{"class":74},[52,138402,71],{"class":70},[52,138404,80],{"class":66},[52,138406,83],{"class":70},[52,138408,295],{"class":74},[52,138410,71],{"class":70},[52,138412,80],{"class":66},[52,138414,4944],{"class":947},[52,138416,1222],{"class":66},[20,138418,1509],{},[43,138420,138422],{"className":45,"code":138421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue red red\n",[15,138423,138424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138425,138426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138427,138421],{"class":58},[699,138429,138431,138432,138434],{"id":138430},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138433,123810],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138436,138437],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[163,138439,138440,138447,138454],{},[166,138441,799,138442,138446],{},[221,138443,138444],{"href":128326},[15,138445,59967],{}," to break a string into a list",[166,138448,799,138449,138453],{},[221,138450,138451],{"href":136209},[15,138452,41087],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[166,138455,799,138456,138458],{},[15,138457,123810],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[38,138460,1273],{"id":1272},[699,138462,1277,138464,123966],{"id":138463},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138465,123810],{},[20,138467,138468],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[699,138470,138472],{"id":138471},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138474,138475],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[699,138477,138479],{"id":138478},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138481,138482],{},"Use the third argument:",[43,138484,138486],{"className":45,"code":138485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138487,138488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138489,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138491,34141],{"class":58},[52,138493,114],{"class":66},[52,138495,34431],{"class":117},[52,138497,138],{"class":66},[52,138499,137236],{"class":117},[52,138501,80],{"class":66},[52,138503,137241],{"class":117},[52,138505,80],{"class":66},[52,138507,4944],{"class":947},[52,138509,144],{"class":66},[699,138511,4614,138513,138515],{"id":138512},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138514,123810],{}," remove text?",[20,138517,138518],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[43,138520,138522],{"className":45,"code":138521,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138523,138524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138525,138526,138528,138530,138532,138534,138536,138538,138540,138542,138544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138527,34141],{"class":58},[52,138529,114],{"class":66},[52,138531,34431],{"class":117},[52,138533,138],{"class":66},[52,138535,71],{"class":70},[52,138537,1611],{"class":74},[52,138539,71],{"class":70},[52,138541,80],{"class":66},[52,138543,5573],{"class":70},[52,138545,144],{"class":66},[699,138547,14343,138549,123975],{"id":138548},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138550,123810],{},[20,138552,129168],{},[38,138554,1332],{"id":1331},[163,138556,138557,138561,138567,138573,138579],{},[166,138558,138559],{},[221,138560,124045],{"href":123807},[166,138562,138563],{},[221,138564,125639,138565,1070],{"href":128326},[15,138566,59967],{},[166,138568,138569],{},[221,138570,125639,138571,1070],{"href":136209},[15,138572,41087],{},[166,138574,138575],{},[221,138576,125639,138577,1070],{"href":123366},[15,138578,123369],{},[166,138580,138581],{},[221,138582,124394],{"href":50412},[1364,138584,138585],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":138587},[138588,138589,138591,138594,138595,138599,138603,138604,138606,138614,138624],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":137189,"depth":103,"text":138590},"What replace() does",{"id":4876,"depth":103,"text":4877,"children":138592},[138593],{"id":16834,"depth":124,"text":16835},{"id":5233,"depth":103,"text":5234},{"id":137404,"depth":103,"text":137405,"children":138596},[138597,138598],{"id":137418,"depth":124,"text":137419},{"id":137499,"depth":124,"text":137500},{"id":137587,"depth":103,"text":137588,"children":138600},[138601,138602],{"id":137596,"depth":124,"text":137597},{"id":137672,"depth":124,"text":137673},{"id":123285,"depth":103,"text":123286},{"id":137868,"depth":103,"text":138605},"What replace() returns",{"id":3960,"depth":103,"text":3961,"children":138607},[138608,138610,138611,138612],{"id":138087,"depth":124,"text":138609},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138231,"depth":124,"text":138232},{"id":138300,"depth":124,"text":138301},{"id":138430,"depth":124,"text":138613},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":138615},[138616,138618,138619,138620,138622],{"id":138463,"depth":124,"text":138617},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138471,"depth":124,"text":138472},{"id":138478,"depth":124,"text":138479},{"id":138512,"depth":124,"text":138621},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138548,"depth":124,"text":138623},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137074,"description":138625},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138632,"title":138633,"body":138634,"description":140653,"extension":1401,"meta":140654,"navigation":127,"path":140655,"seo":140656,"stem":140657,"__hash__":140658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138635,"toc":140617},[138636,138641,138646,138649,138660,138662,138717,138722,138727,138734,138736,138751,138753,138809,138811,138849,138854,138856,138880,138883,138896,138901,138903,138935,138937,138970,138976,138981,138984,138994,138997,138999,139055,139057,139107,139110,139118,139121,139177,139179,139252,139265,139273,139277,139288,139291,139294,139347,139349,139381,139384,139438,139440,139475,139478,139483,139488,139493,139496,139498,139556,139558,139592,139594,139609,139612,139614,139656,139658,139684,139689,139697,139700,139702,139784,139786,139837,139840,139851,139859,139861,139934,139936,139954,139958,139961,139965,139992,139994,140002,140006,140041,140043,140056,140060,140063,140102,140104,140121,140126,140131,140142,140145,140156,140158,140160,140186,140189,140238,140240,140257,140260,140262,140314,140316,140348,140351,140409,140414,140416,140421,140524,140526,140540,140542,140549,140554,140559,140564,140569,140574,140577,140581,140586,140588,140614],[10,138637,122639,138639,18],{"id":138638},"python-string-split-method",[15,138640,59967],{},[20,138642,122644,138643,138645],{},[15,138644,59967],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138647,138648],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[163,138650,138651,138654,138657],{},[166,138652,138653],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[166,138655,138656],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[166,138658,138659],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[38,138661,41],{"id":40},[43,138663,138665],{"className":45,"code":138664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138666,138667,138680,138702,138712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138668,138669,138671,138673,138675,138678],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138670,34120],{"class":58},[52,138672,63],{"class":62},[52,138674,83],{"class":70},[52,138676,138677],{"class":74},"apple,banana,cherry",[52,138679,2797],{"class":70},[52,138681,138682,138684,138686,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138683,42271],{"class":58},[52,138685,63],{"class":62},[52,138687,42276],{"class":58},[52,138689,114],{"class":66},[52,138691,33901],{"class":117},[52,138693,138],{"class":66},[52,138695,71],{"class":70},[52,138697,80],{"class":74},[52,138699,71],{"class":70},[52,138701,144],{"class":66},[52,138703,138704,138706,138708,138710],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,138705,135],{"class":134},[52,138707,138],{"class":66},[52,138709,42303],{"class":117},[52,138711,144],{"class":66},[52,138713,138714],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138715,138716],{"class":3105},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138718,799,138719,138721],{},[15,138720,59967],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[38,138723,194,138725,197],{"id":138724},"what-split-does",[15,138726,59967],{},[20,138728,138729,131687,138731,114],{},[15,138730,59967],{},[30,138732,138733],{},"string method",[20,138735,48363],{},[163,138737,138738,138741,138746],{},[166,138739,138740],{},"divides a string into parts",[166,138742,118941,138743],{},[30,138744,138745],{},"new list of strings",[166,138747,118947,138748,138750],{},[30,138749,32],{}," change the original string",[20,138752,267],{},[43,138754,138756],{"className":45,"code":138755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138757,138758,138771,138785,138789,138799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138759,138760,138762,138764,138766,138769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138761,34120],{"class":58},[52,138763,63],{"class":62},[52,138765,83],{"class":70},[52,138767,138768],{"class":74},"red blue green",[52,138770,2797],{"class":70},[52,138772,138773,138775,138777,138779,138781,138783],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138774,42271],{"class":58},[52,138776,63],{"class":62},[52,138778,42276],{"class":58},[52,138780,114],{"class":66},[52,138782,33901],{"class":117},[52,138784,121],{"class":66},[52,138786,138787],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,138788,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,138790,138791,138793,138795,138797],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,138792,135],{"class":134},[52,138794,138],{"class":66},[52,138796,34141],{"class":117},[52,138798,144],{"class":66},[52,138800,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,138802,135],{"class":134},[52,138804,138],{"class":66},[52,138806,42303],{"class":117},[52,138808,144],{"class":66},[20,138810,1509],{},[43,138812,138814],{"className":45,"code":138813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138815,138816,138821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138817,138818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138819,138820],{"class":58},"red blue green\n",[52,138822,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138824,3344],{"class":66},[52,138826,608],{"class":70},[52,138828,286],{"class":74},[52,138830,608],{"class":70},[52,138832,80],{"class":66},[52,138834,617],{"class":70},[52,138836,295],{"class":74},[52,138838,608],{"class":70},[52,138840,80],{"class":66},[52,138842,617],{"class":70},[52,138844,304],{"class":74},[52,138846,608],{"class":70},[52,138848,3076],{"class":66},[20,138850,138851,138852,114],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[221,138853,124394],{"href":50412},[38,138855,228],{"id":227},[43,138857,138859],{"className":45,"code":138858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138860,138861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138862,138863,138865,138867,138869,138871,138873,138875,138878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138864,60610],{"class":58},[52,138866,114],{"class":66},[52,138868,33901],{"class":117},[52,138870,138],{"class":66},[52,138872,133043],{"class":117},[52,138874,80],{"class":66},[52,138876,138877],{"class":117}," maxsplit",[52,138879,144],{"class":66},[20,138881,138882],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[163,138884,138885,138890],{},[166,138886,138887,138889],{},[15,138888,133043],{}," tells Python where to split",[166,138891,138892,138895],{},[15,138893,138894],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138897,8322,138898,138900],{},[15,138899,133043],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138902,267],{},[43,138904,138906],{"className":45,"code":138905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138907,138908,138921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138909,138910,138912,138914,138916,138919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138911,34120],{"class":58},[52,138913,63],{"class":62},[52,138915,83],{"class":70},[52,138917,138918],{"class":74},"one two three",[52,138920,2797],{"class":70},[52,138922,138923,138925,138927,138929,138931,138933],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,138924,135],{"class":134},[52,138926,138],{"class":66},[52,138928,34141],{"class":117},[52,138930,114],{"class":66},[52,138932,33901],{"class":117},[52,138934,6640],{"class":66},[20,138936,1509],{},[43,138938,138940],{"className":45,"code":138939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,138941,138942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952,138954,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138945,3344],{"class":66},[52,138947,608],{"class":70},[52,138949,6031],{"class":74},[52,138951,608],{"class":70},[52,138953,80],{"class":66},[52,138955,617],{"class":70},[52,138957,78703],{"class":74},[52,138959,608],{"class":70},[52,138961,80],{"class":66},[52,138963,617],{"class":70},[52,138965,133525],{"class":74},[52,138967,608],{"class":70},[52,138969,3076],{"class":66},[38,138971,1185,138973,138975],{"id":138972},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,138974,59967],{}," with no separator",[20,138977,69608,138978,138980],{},[15,138979,59967],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138982,138983],{},"Whitespace includes:",[163,138985,138986,138988,138991],{},[166,138987,9900],{},[166,138989,138990],{},"tabs",[166,138992,138993],{},"new lines",[20,138995,138996],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,138998,267],{},[43,139000,139002],{"className":45,"code":139001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139003,139004,139027,139041,139045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139005,139006,139008,139010,139012,139015,139018,139020,139022,139025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139007,34120],{"class":58},[52,139009,63],{"class":62},[52,139011,83],{"class":70},[52,139013,139014],{"class":74},"Python   is",[52,139016,139017],{"class":33885},"\\t",[52,139019,132779],{"class":74},[52,139021,86584],{"class":33885},[52,139023,139024],{"class":74},"and useful",[52,139026,2797],{"class":70},[52,139028,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139030,42271],{"class":58},[52,139032,63],{"class":62},[52,139034,42276],{"class":58},[52,139036,114],{"class":66},[52,139038,33901],{"class":117},[52,139040,121],{"class":66},[52,139042,139043],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139044,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139046,139047,139049,139051,139053],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139048,135],{"class":134},[52,139050,138],{"class":66},[52,139052,42303],{"class":117},[52,139054,144],{"class":66},[20,139056,1509],{},[43,139058,139060],{"className":45,"code":139059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139061,139062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139063,139064,139066,139068,139070,139072,139074,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086,139088,139090,139092,139094,139096,139098,139100,139103,139105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139065,3344],{"class":66},[52,139067,608],{"class":70},[52,139069,6743],{"class":74},[52,139071,608],{"class":70},[52,139073,80],{"class":66},[52,139075,617],{"class":70},[52,139077,11637],{"class":74},[52,139079,608],{"class":70},[52,139081,80],{"class":66},[52,139083,617],{"class":70},[52,139085,132779],{"class":74},[52,139087,608],{"class":70},[52,139089,80],{"class":66},[52,139091,617],{"class":70},[52,139093,129404],{"class":74},[52,139095,608],{"class":70},[52,139097,80],{"class":66},[52,139099,617],{"class":70},[52,139101,139102],{"class":74},"useful",[52,139104,608],{"class":70},[52,139106,3076],{"class":66},[20,139108,139109],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[699,139111,139113,897,139115],{"id":139112},"split-vs-split",[15,139114,59967],{},[15,139116,139117],{},"split(' ')",[20,139119,139120],{},"These are not the same.",[43,139122,139124],{"className":45,"code":139123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139125,139126,139139,139143,139157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139127,139128,139130,139132,139134,139137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139129,34120],{"class":58},[52,139131,63],{"class":62},[52,139133,83],{"class":70},[52,139135,139136],{"class":74},"a  b   c",[52,139138,2797],{"class":70},[52,139140,139141],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139142,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139146,135],{"class":134},[52,139148,138],{"class":66},[52,139150,34141],{"class":117},[52,139152,114],{"class":66},[52,139154,33901],{"class":117},[52,139156,6640],{"class":66},[52,139158,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139160,135],{"class":134},[52,139162,138],{"class":66},[52,139164,34141],{"class":117},[52,139166,114],{"class":66},[52,139168,33901],{"class":117},[52,139170,138],{"class":66},[52,139172,71],{"class":70},[52,139174,83],{"class":70},[52,139176,1222],{"class":66},[20,139178,1509],{},[43,139180,139182],{"className":45,"code":139181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139183,139184,139212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139185,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139187,3344],{"class":66},[52,139189,608],{"class":70},[52,139191,221],{"class":74},[52,139193,608],{"class":70},[52,139195,80],{"class":66},[52,139197,617],{"class":70},[52,139199,4204],{"class":74},[52,139201,608],{"class":70},[52,139203,80],{"class":66},[52,139205,617],{"class":70},[52,139207,9187],{"class":74},[52,139209,608],{"class":70},[52,139211,3076],{"class":66},[52,139213,139214,139216,139218,139220,139222,139224,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236,139238,139240,139242,139244,139246,139248,139250],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139215,3344],{"class":66},[52,139217,608],{"class":70},[52,139219,221],{"class":74},[52,139221,608],{"class":70},[52,139223,80],{"class":66},[52,139225,3281],{"class":70},[52,139227,80],{"class":66},[52,139229,617],{"class":70},[52,139231,4204],{"class":74},[52,139233,608],{"class":70},[52,139235,80],{"class":66},[52,139237,3281],{"class":70},[52,139239,80],{"class":66},[52,139241,3281],{"class":70},[52,139243,80],{"class":66},[52,139245,617],{"class":70},[52,139247,9187],{"class":74},[52,139249,608],{"class":70},[52,139251,3076],{"class":66},[163,139253,139254,139259],{},[166,139255,139256,139258],{},[15,139257,59967],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[166,139260,139261,139264],{},[15,139262,139263],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139266,139267,139268,139272],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[221,139269,125639,139270,1070],{"href":136209},[15,139271,41087],{}," is often useful.",[38,139274,139276],{"id":139275},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139278,139279,139280,1627,139283,1631,139285,114],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139281,139282],{},"\",\"",[15,139284,132878],{},[15,139286,139287],{},"\"::\"",[20,139289,139290],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139292,139293],{},"Example with commas:",[43,139295,139297],{"className":45,"code":139296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139298,139299,139311,139333,139337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139302,34120],{"class":58},[52,139304,63],{"class":62},[52,139306,83],{"class":70},[52,139308,138677],{"class":74},[52,139310,2797],{"class":70},[52,139312,139313,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139314,42271],{"class":58},[52,139316,63],{"class":62},[52,139318,42276],{"class":58},[52,139320,114],{"class":66},[52,139322,33901],{"class":117},[52,139324,138],{"class":66},[52,139326,71],{"class":70},[52,139328,80],{"class":74},[52,139330,71],{"class":70},[52,139332,144],{"class":66},[52,139334,139335],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139336,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139338,139339,139341,139343,139345],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139340,135],{"class":134},[52,139342,138],{"class":66},[52,139344,42303],{"class":117},[52,139346,144],{"class":66},[20,139348,1509],{},[43,139350,139351],{"className":45,"code":77882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,139352,139353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139354,139355,139357,139359,139361,139363,139365,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139356,3344],{"class":66},[52,139358,608],{"class":70},[52,139360,75],{"class":74},[52,139362,608],{"class":70},[52,139364,80],{"class":66},[52,139366,617],{"class":70},[52,139368,86],{"class":74},[52,139370,608],{"class":70},[52,139372,80],{"class":66},[52,139374,617],{"class":70},[52,139376,95],{"class":74},[52,139378,608],{"class":70},[52,139380,3076],{"class":66},[20,139382,139383],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[43,139385,139387],{"className":45,"code":139386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139388,139389,139402,139424,139428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139390,139391,139393,139395,139397,139400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139392,34120],{"class":58},[52,139394,63],{"class":62},[52,139396,83],{"class":70},[52,139398,139399],{"class":74},"2024::10::31",[52,139401,2797],{"class":70},[52,139403,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139405,42271],{"class":58},[52,139407,63],{"class":62},[52,139409,42276],{"class":58},[52,139411,114],{"class":66},[52,139413,33901],{"class":117},[52,139415,138],{"class":66},[52,139417,71],{"class":70},[52,139419,76099],{"class":74},[52,139421,71],{"class":70},[52,139423,144],{"class":66},[52,139425,139426],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139427,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139429,139430,139432,139434,139436],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139431,135],{"class":134},[52,139433,138],{"class":66},[52,139435,42303],{"class":117},[52,139437,144],{"class":66},[20,139439,1509],{},[43,139441,139443],{"className":45,"code":139442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139444,139445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139446,139447,139449,139451,139454,139456,139458,139460,139462,139464,139466,139468,139471,139473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139448,3344],{"class":66},[52,139450,608],{"class":70},[52,139452,139453],{"class":74},"2024",[52,139455,608],{"class":70},[52,139457,80],{"class":66},[52,139459,617],{"class":70},[52,139461,1770],{"class":74},[52,139463,608],{"class":70},[52,139465,80],{"class":66},[52,139467,617],{"class":70},[52,139469,139470],{"class":74},"31",[52,139472,608],{"class":70},[52,139474,3076],{"class":66},[20,139476,139477],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139479,139480,139481,114],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[221,139482,128323],{"href":128322},[38,139484,1185,139486],{"id":139485},"using-maxsplit",[15,139487,138894],{},[20,139489,139490,139492],{},[15,139491,138894],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139494,139495],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139497,267],{},[43,139499,139501],{"className":45,"code":139500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139502,139503,139516,139542,139546],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139504,139505,139507,139509,139511,139514],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139506,34120],{"class":58},[52,139508,63],{"class":62},[52,139510,83],{"class":70},[52,139512,139513],{"class":74},"name:age:city:country",[52,139515,2797],{"class":70},[52,139517,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139519,42271],{"class":58},[52,139521,63],{"class":62},[52,139523,42276],{"class":58},[52,139525,114],{"class":66},[52,139527,33901],{"class":117},[52,139529,138],{"class":66},[52,139531,71],{"class":70},[52,139533,202],{"class":74},[52,139535,71],{"class":70},[52,139537,80],{"class":66},[52,139539,953],{"class":947},[52,139541,144],{"class":66},[52,139543,139544],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139545,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139547,139548,139550,139552,139554],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139549,135],{"class":134},[52,139551,138],{"class":66},[52,139553,42303],{"class":117},[52,139555,144],{"class":66},[20,139557,1509],{},[43,139559,139561],{"className":45,"code":139560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139562,139563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139564,139565,139567,139569,139571,139573,139575,139577,139579,139581,139583,139585,139588,139590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139566,3344],{"class":66},[52,139568,608],{"class":70},[52,139570,7115],{"class":74},[52,139572,608],{"class":70},[52,139574,80],{"class":66},[52,139576,617],{"class":70},[52,139578,8747],{"class":74},[52,139580,608],{"class":70},[52,139582,80],{"class":66},[52,139584,617],{"class":70},[52,139586,139587],{"class":74},"city:country",[52,139589,608],{"class":70},[52,139591,3076],{"class":66},[20,139593,1616],{},[163,139595,139596,139601,139606],{},[166,139597,139598,139599],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139600,202],{},[166,139602,139603,139604],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139605,202],{},[166,139607,139608],{},"then stops",[20,139610,139611],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139613,51517],{},[43,139615,139617],{"className":45,"code":139616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139618,139619,139632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139620,139621,139623,139625,139627,139630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139622,34120],{"class":58},[52,139624,63],{"class":62},[52,139626,83],{"class":70},[52,139628,139629],{"class":74},"apple banana cherry grape",[52,139631,2797],{"class":70},[52,139633,139634,139636,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139652,139654],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139635,135],{"class":134},[52,139637,138],{"class":66},[52,139639,34141],{"class":117},[52,139641,114],{"class":66},[52,139643,33901],{"class":117},[52,139645,138],{"class":66},[52,139647,71],{"class":70},[52,139649,83],{"class":70},[52,139651,80],{"class":66},[52,139653,4944],{"class":947},[52,139655,1222],{"class":66},[20,139657,1509],{},[43,139659,139661],{"className":45,"code":139660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139662,139663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139664,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139680,139682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139666,3344],{"class":66},[52,139668,608],{"class":70},[52,139670,75],{"class":74},[52,139672,608],{"class":70},[52,139674,80],{"class":66},[52,139676,617],{"class":70},[52,139678,139679],{"class":74},"banana cherry grape",[52,139681,608],{"class":70},[52,139683,3076],{"class":66},[38,139685,194,139687,11148],{"id":139686},"what-split-returns",[15,139688,59967],{},[20,139690,139691,139692,139694,139695,114],{},"The result of ",[15,139693,59967],{}," is always a ",[30,139696,7540],{},[20,139698,139699],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139701,267],{},[43,139703,139705],{"className":45,"code":139704,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139706,139707,139720,139742,139746,139756,139770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139708,139709,139711,139713,139715,139718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139710,34120],{"class":58},[52,139712,63],{"class":62},[52,139714,83],{"class":70},[52,139716,139717],{"class":74},"cat,dog,bird",[52,139719,2797],{"class":70},[52,139721,139722,139724,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139723,42271],{"class":58},[52,139725,63],{"class":62},[52,139727,42276],{"class":58},[52,139729,114],{"class":66},[52,139731,33901],{"class":117},[52,139733,138],{"class":66},[52,139735,71],{"class":70},[52,139737,80],{"class":74},[52,139739,71],{"class":70},[52,139741,144],{"class":66},[52,139743,139744],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139745,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139747,139748,139750,139752,139754],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139749,135],{"class":134},[52,139751,138],{"class":66},[52,139753,42303],{"class":117},[52,139755,144],{"class":66},[52,139757,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,139759,135],{"class":134},[52,139761,138],{"class":66},[52,139763,1231],{"class":600},[52,139765,138],{"class":66},[52,139767,42303],{"class":117},[52,139769,1222],{"class":66},[52,139771,139772,139774,139776,139778,139780,139782],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,139773,135],{"class":134},[52,139775,138],{"class":66},[52,139777,42303],{"class":117},[52,139779,3344],{"class":66},[52,139781,1558],{"class":947},[52,139783,3332],{"class":66},[20,139785,1509],{},[43,139787,139789],{"className":45,"code":139788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139790,139791,139819,139833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139792,139793,139795,139797,139799,139801,139803,139805,139807,139809,139811,139813,139815,139817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139794,3344],{"class":66},[52,139796,608],{"class":70},[52,139798,488],{"class":74},[52,139800,608],{"class":70},[52,139802,80],{"class":66},[52,139804,617],{"class":70},[52,139806,497],{"class":74},[52,139808,608],{"class":70},[52,139810,80],{"class":66},[52,139812,617],{"class":70},[52,139814,57579],{"class":74},[52,139816,608],{"class":70},[52,139818,3076],{"class":66},[52,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139822,2729],{"class":62},[52,139824,2732],{"class":1503},[52,139826,617],{"class":70},[52,139828,7540],{"class":74},[52,139830,608],{"class":70},[52,139832,2741],{"class":62},[52,139834,139835],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139836,84900],{"class":58},[20,139838,139839],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[163,139841,139842,139845,139848],{},[166,139843,139844],{},"loop over it",[166,139846,139847],{},"access items by index",[166,139849,139850],{},"combine items again later",[20,139852,139853,139854,114],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[221,139855,125639,139857,1070],{"href":139856},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139858,132721],{},[20,139860,267],{},[43,139862,139864],{"className":45,"code":139863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139865,139866,139898,139920,139924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139890,139892,139894,139896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139869,42271],{"class":58},[52,139871,63],{"class":62},[52,139873,3063],{"class":66},[52,139875,608],{"class":70},[52,139877,488],{"class":74},[52,139879,608],{"class":70},[52,139881,80],{"class":66},[52,139883,617],{"class":70},[52,139885,497],{"class":74},[52,139887,608],{"class":70},[52,139889,80],{"class":66},[52,139891,617],{"class":70},[52,139893,57579],{"class":74},[52,139895,608],{"class":70},[52,139897,3076],{"class":66},[52,139899,139900,139902,139904,139906,139908,139910,139912,139914,139916,139918],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139901,34120],{"class":58},[52,139903,63],{"class":62},[52,139905,83],{"class":70},[52,139907,1460],{"class":74},[52,139909,71],{"class":70},[52,139911,114],{"class":66},[52,139913,132798],{"class":117},[52,139915,138],{"class":66},[52,139917,42303],{"class":117},[52,139919,144],{"class":66},[52,139921,139922],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,139923,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,139925,139926,139928,139930,139932],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,139927,135],{"class":134},[52,139929,138],{"class":66},[52,139931,34141],{"class":117},[52,139933,144],{"class":66},[20,139935,1509],{},[43,139937,139939],{"className":45,"code":139938,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,139940,139941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139942,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139944,488],{"class":58},[52,139946,1460],{"class":62},[52,139948,497],{"class":58},[52,139950,1460],{"class":62},[52,139952,139953],{"class":58},"bird\n",[38,139955,139957],{"id":139956},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,139959,139960],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[699,139962,139964],{"id":139963},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[43,139966,139968],{"className":45,"code":139967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139969,139970,139978],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139971,139972,139974,139976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139973,34120],{"class":58},[52,139975,63],{"class":62},[52,139977,7328],{"class":70},[52,139979,139980,139982,139984,139986,139988,139990],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,139981,135],{"class":134},[52,139983,138],{"class":66},[52,139985,34141],{"class":117},[52,139987,114],{"class":66},[52,139989,33901],{"class":117},[52,139991,6640],{"class":66},[20,139993,1509],{},[43,139995,139996],{"className":45,"code":37730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,139997,139998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139999,140000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140001,37730],{"class":66},[699,140003,140005],{"id":140004},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[43,140007,140009],{"className":45,"code":140008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140010,140011,140019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140012,140013,140015,140017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140014,34120],{"class":58},[52,140016,63],{"class":62},[52,140018,7328],{"class":70},[52,140020,140021,140023,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140022,135],{"class":134},[52,140024,138],{"class":66},[52,140026,34141],{"class":117},[52,140028,114],{"class":66},[52,140030,33901],{"class":117},[52,140032,138],{"class":66},[52,140034,71],{"class":70},[52,140036,80],{"class":74},[52,140038,71],{"class":70},[52,140040,1222],{"class":66},[20,140042,1509],{},[43,140044,140046],{"className":45,"code":140045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['']\n",[15,140047,140048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140049,140050,140052,140054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140051,3344],{"class":66},[52,140053,3215],{"class":70},[52,140055,3076],{"class":66},[699,140057,140059],{"id":140058},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140061,140062],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[43,140064,140066],{"className":45,"code":140065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140067,140068,140080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140069,140070,140072,140074,140076,140078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140071,34120],{"class":58},[52,140073,63],{"class":62},[52,140075,83],{"class":70},[52,140077,3288],{"class":74},[52,140079,2797],{"class":70},[52,140081,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140083,135],{"class":134},[52,140085,138],{"class":66},[52,140087,34141],{"class":117},[52,140089,114],{"class":66},[52,140091,33901],{"class":117},[52,140093,138],{"class":66},[52,140095,71],{"class":70},[52,140097,80],{"class":74},[52,140099,71],{"class":70},[52,140101,1222],{"class":66},[20,140103,1509],{},[43,140105,140107],{"className":45,"code":140106,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello']\n",[15,140108,140109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140110,140111,140113,140115,140117,140119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140112,3344],{"class":66},[52,140114,608],{"class":70},[52,140116,3288],{"class":74},[52,140118,608],{"class":70},[52,140120,3076],{"class":66},[38,140122,894,140124],{"id":140123},"when-to-use-split",[15,140125,59967],{},[20,140127,799,140128,140130],{},[15,140129,59967],{}," when you need to:",[163,140132,140133,140136,140139],{},[166,140134,140135],{},"split a sentence into words",[166,140137,140138],{},"split comma-separated values",[166,140140,140141],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140143,140144],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[163,140146,140147,140150,140153],{},[166,140148,140149],{},"cleaning text",[166,140151,140152],{},"parsing user input",[166,140154,140155],{},"processing simple file content",[38,140157,1158],{"id":1157},[20,140159,83671],{},[163,140161,140162,140166,140172,140175,140183],{},[166,140163,49942,140164,130859],{},[15,140165,59967],{},[166,140167,140168,140169,140171],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140170,59967],{}," returns a list, not a string",[166,140173,140174],{},"using the wrong separator",[166,140176,140177,140178,140180,140181],{},"assuming ",[15,140179,139117],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140182,59967],{},[166,140184,140185],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140187,140188],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[43,140190,140192],{"className":45,"code":140191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140193,140194,140206,140224,140228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140195,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140197,34120],{"class":58},[52,140199,63],{"class":62},[52,140201,83],{"class":70},[52,140203,42264],{"class":74},[52,140205,2797],{"class":70},[52,140207,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218,140220,140222],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140209,34141],{"class":58},[52,140211,114],{"class":66},[52,140213,33901],{"class":117},[52,140215,138],{"class":66},[52,140217,71],{"class":70},[52,140219,80],{"class":74},[52,140221,71],{"class":70},[52,140223,144],{"class":66},[52,140225,140226],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140227,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,140229,140230,140232,140234,140236],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140231,135],{"class":134},[52,140233,138],{"class":66},[52,140235,34141],{"class":117},[52,140237,144],{"class":66},[20,140239,1509],{},[43,140241,140243],{"className":45,"code":140242,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a,b,c\n",[15,140244,140245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140246,140247,140249,140251,140253,140255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140248,221],{"class":58},[52,140250,80],{"class":66},[52,140252,4204],{"class":58},[52,140254,80],{"class":66},[52,140256,68682],{"class":58},[20,140258,140259],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140261,10252],{},[43,140263,140264],{"className":45,"code":42251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140265,140266,140278,140300,140304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140267,140268,140270,140272,140274,140276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140269,34120],{"class":58},[52,140271,63],{"class":62},[52,140273,83],{"class":70},[52,140275,42264],{"class":74},[52,140277,2797],{"class":70},[52,140279,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140281,42271],{"class":58},[52,140283,63],{"class":62},[52,140285,42276],{"class":58},[52,140287,114],{"class":66},[52,140289,33901],{"class":117},[52,140291,138],{"class":66},[52,140293,71],{"class":70},[52,140295,80],{"class":74},[52,140297,71],{"class":70},[52,140299,144],{"class":66},[52,140301,140302],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140303,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,140305,140306,140308,140310,140312],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140307,135],{"class":134},[52,140309,138],{"class":66},[52,140311,42303],{"class":117},[52,140313,144],{"class":66},[20,140315,1509],{},[43,140317,140318],{"className":45,"code":42310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140319,140320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140321,140322,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342,140344,140346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140323,3344],{"class":66},[52,140325,608],{"class":70},[52,140327,221],{"class":74},[52,140329,608],{"class":70},[52,140331,80],{"class":66},[52,140333,617],{"class":70},[52,140335,4204],{"class":74},[52,140337,608],{"class":70},[52,140339,80],{"class":66},[52,140341,617],{"class":70},[52,140343,9187],{"class":74},[52,140345,608],{"class":70},[52,140347,3076],{"class":66},[20,140349,140350],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[43,140352,140354],{"className":45,"code":140353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140355,140356,140369,140391,140395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140357,140358,140360,140362,140364,140367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140359,34120],{"class":58},[52,140361,63],{"class":62},[52,140363,83],{"class":70},[52,140365,140366],{"class":74},"apple,banana",[52,140368,2797],{"class":70},[52,140370,140371,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381,140383,140385,140387,140389],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140372,42271],{"class":58},[52,140374,63],{"class":62},[52,140376,42276],{"class":58},[52,140378,114],{"class":66},[52,140380,33901],{"class":117},[52,140382,138],{"class":66},[52,140384,71],{"class":70},[52,140386,80],{"class":74},[52,140388,71],{"class":70},[52,140390,144],{"class":66},[52,140392,140393],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140394,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,140396,140397,140399,140401,140403,140405,140407],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140398,135],{"class":134},[52,140400,138],{"class":66},[52,140402,42303],{"class":117},[52,140404,3344],{"class":66},[52,140406,1047],{"class":947},[52,140408,3332],{"class":66},[20,140410,140411,140412,114],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[221,140413,68695],{"href":68694},[699,140415,60146],{"id":60145},[20,140417,8322,140418,140420],{},[15,140419,59967],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[43,140422,140424],{"className":45,"code":140423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140425,140426,140436,140450,140472,140498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140427,140428,140430,140432,140434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140429,135],{"class":134},[52,140431,138],{"class":66},[52,140433,34141],{"class":117},[52,140435,144],{"class":66},[52,140437,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140439,135],{"class":134},[52,140441,138],{"class":66},[52,140443,34141],{"class":117},[52,140445,114],{"class":66},[52,140447,33901],{"class":117},[52,140449,6640],{"class":66},[52,140451,140452,140454,140456,140458,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140453,135],{"class":134},[52,140455,138],{"class":66},[52,140457,34141],{"class":117},[52,140459,114],{"class":66},[52,140461,33901],{"class":117},[52,140463,138],{"class":66},[52,140465,608],{"class":70},[52,140467,80],{"class":74},[52,140469,608],{"class":70},[52,140471,1222],{"class":66},[52,140473,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482,140484,140486,140488,140490,140492,140494,140496],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140475,135],{"class":134},[52,140477,138],{"class":66},[52,140479,1215],{"class":134},[52,140481,138],{"class":66},[52,140483,34141],{"class":117},[52,140485,114],{"class":66},[52,140487,33901],{"class":117},[52,140489,138],{"class":66},[52,140491,608],{"class":70},[52,140493,80],{"class":74},[52,140495,608],{"class":70},[52,140497,2350],{"class":66},[52,140499,140500,140502,140504,140506,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,140501,135],{"class":134},[52,140503,138],{"class":66},[52,140505,1231],{"class":600},[52,140507,138],{"class":66},[52,140509,34141],{"class":117},[52,140511,114],{"class":66},[52,140513,33901],{"class":117},[52,140515,138],{"class":66},[52,140517,608],{"class":70},[52,140519,80],{"class":74},[52,140521,608],{"class":70},[52,140523,2350],{"class":66},[20,140525,10613],{},[163,140527,140528,140531,140534,140537],{},[166,140529,140530],{},"what the original string looks like",[166,140532,140533],{},"which separator works",[166,140535,140536],{},"how many items were created",[166,140538,140539],{},"that the result is a list",[38,140541,1273],{"id":1272},[699,140543,4624,140545,803,140547,1293],{"id":140544},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140546,59967],{},[15,140548,139117],{},[20,140550,140551,140553],{},[15,140552,59967],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140555,140556,140558],{},[15,140557,139117],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[699,140560,1277,140562,123966],{"id":140561},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140563,59967],{},[20,140565,140566,140567,55914],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140568,59967],{},[699,140570,4586,140572,39393],{"id":140571},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140573,138894],{},[20,140575,140576],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[699,140578,140580],{"id":140579},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140582,28496,140583,140585],{},[15,140584,59967],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[38,140587,1332],{"id":1331},[163,140589,140590,140594,140600,140606,140610],{},[166,140591,140592],{},[221,140593,129244],{"href":128322},[166,140595,140596],{},[221,140597,125639,140598,1070],{"href":139856},[15,140599,132721],{},[166,140601,140602],{},[221,140603,125639,140604,1070],{"href":136209},[15,140605,41087],{},[166,140607,140608],{},[221,140609,124394],{"href":50412},[166,140611,140612],{},[221,140613,68695],{"href":68694},[1364,140615,140616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":140618},[140619,140620,140622,140623,140628,140629,140631,140633,140638,140640,140643,140652],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":138724,"depth":103,"text":140621},"What split() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":138972,"depth":103,"text":140624,"children":140625},"Using split() with no separator",[140626],{"id":139112,"depth":124,"text":140627},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139275,"depth":103,"text":139276},{"id":139485,"depth":103,"text":140630},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139686,"depth":103,"text":140632},"What split() returns",{"id":139956,"depth":103,"text":139957,"children":140634},[140635,140636,140637],{"id":139963,"depth":124,"text":139964},{"id":140004,"depth":124,"text":140005},{"id":140058,"depth":124,"text":140059},{"id":140123,"depth":103,"text":140639},"When to use split()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":140641},[140642],{"id":60145,"depth":124,"text":60146},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":140644},[140645,140647,140649,140651],{"id":140544,"depth":124,"text":140646},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140561,"depth":124,"text":140648},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140571,"depth":124,"text":140650},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140579,"depth":124,"text":140580},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138633,"description":140653},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140660,"title":140661,"body":140662,"description":142605,"extension":1401,"meta":142606,"navigation":127,"path":142607,"seo":142608,"stem":142609,"__hash__":142610},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140663,"toc":142564},[140664,140669,140674,140681,140754,140759,140764,140769,140785,140787,140857,140859,140861,140881,140883,140928,140933,140935,141033,141038,141042,141047,141051,141054,141096,141100,141103,141148,141152,141155,141205,141209,141214,141266,141268,141273,141284,141289,141369,141371,141383,141392,141399,141414,141416,141531,141537,141541,141544,141549,141691,141694,141701,141703,141707,141715,141784,141790,141839,141844,141849,141851,141871,141873,141939,141941,141945,141948,141952,141993,141995,142028,142033,142036,142063,142065,142108,142115,142120,142130,142196,142200,142208,142213,142264,142268,142271,142273,142282,142284,142334,142336,142443,142445,142450,142457,142463,142466,142497,142502,142504,142511,142519,142528,142531,142533,142561],[10,140665,122639,140667,18],{"id":140666},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140668,127007],{},[20,140670,122644,140671,140673],{},[15,140672,127007],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140675,125705,140676,456,140678,140680],{},[15,140677,3044],{},[15,140679,3116],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[43,140682,140684],{"className":45,"code":140683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140685,140686,140699,140703,140728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140687,140688,140690,140692,140694,140697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140689,34120],{"class":58},[52,140691,63],{"class":62},[52,140693,83],{"class":70},[52,140695,140696],{"class":74},"Python Beginner Help",[52,140698,2797],{"class":70},[52,140700,140701],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140702,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,140704,140705,140707,140709,140711,140713,140716,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140706,135],{"class":134},[52,140708,138],{"class":66},[52,140710,34141],{"class":117},[52,140712,114],{"class":66},[52,140714,140715],{"class":117},"startswith",[52,140717,138],{"class":66},[52,140719,71],{"class":70},[52,140721,6743],{"class":74},[52,140723,71],{"class":70},[52,140725,4807],{"class":66},[52,140727,43290],{"class":3105},[52,140729,140730,140732,140734,140736,140738,140740,140742,140744,140747,140749,140751],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140731,135],{"class":134},[52,140733,138],{"class":66},[52,140735,34141],{"class":117},[52,140737,114],{"class":66},[52,140739,140715],{"class":117},[52,140741,138],{"class":66},[52,140743,71],{"class":70},[52,140745,140746],{"class":74},"Beginner",[52,140748,71],{"class":70},[52,140750,4807],{"class":66},[52,140752,140753],{"class":3105}," # False\n",[20,140755,799,140756,140758],{},[15,140757,127007],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[38,140760,194,140762,197],{"id":140761},"what-startswith-does",[15,140763,127007],{},[20,140765,140766,140768],{},[15,140767,127007],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[163,140770,140771,140774,140780,140782],{},[166,140772,140773],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[166,140775,4592,140776,456,140778],{},[15,140777,3044],{},[15,140779,3116],{},[166,140781,122782],{},[166,140783,140784],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140786,267],{},[43,140788,140790],{"className":45,"code":140789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140791,140792,140804,140808,140833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140793,140794,140796,140798,140800,140802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140795,7323],{"class":58},[52,140797,63],{"class":62},[52,140799,83],{"class":70},[52,140801,6743],{"class":74},[52,140803,2797],{"class":70},[52,140805,140806],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140807,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,140809,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822,140824,140827,140829,140831],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140811,135],{"class":134},[52,140813,138],{"class":66},[52,140815,7115],{"class":117},[52,140817,114],{"class":66},[52,140819,140715],{"class":117},[52,140821,138],{"class":66},[52,140823,71],{"class":70},[52,140825,140826],{"class":74},"Py",[52,140828,71],{"class":70},[52,140830,4807],{"class":66},[52,140832,43290],{"class":3105},[52,140834,140835,140837,140839,140841,140843,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853,140855],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140836,135],{"class":134},[52,140838,138],{"class":66},[52,140840,7115],{"class":117},[52,140842,114],{"class":66},[52,140844,140715],{"class":117},[52,140846,138],{"class":66},[52,140848,71],{"class":70},[52,140850,128085],{"class":74},[52,140852,71],{"class":70},[52,140854,4807],{"class":66},[52,140856,43307],{"class":3105},[38,140858,228],{"id":227},[20,140860,41819],{},[43,140862,140864],{"className":45,"code":140863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140865,140866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140867,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140879],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140869,60610],{"class":58},[52,140871,114],{"class":66},[52,140873,140715],{"class":117},[52,140875,138],{"class":66},[52,140877,140878],{"class":117},"prefix",[52,140880,144],{"class":66},[20,140882,30194],{},[43,140884,140886],{"className":45,"code":140885,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140887,140888,140906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140889,140890,140892,140894,140896,140898,140900,140902,140904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140891,60610],{"class":58},[52,140893,114],{"class":66},[52,140895,140715],{"class":117},[52,140897,138],{"class":66},[52,140899,140878],{"class":117},[52,140901,80],{"class":66},[52,140903,35485],{"class":117},[52,140905,144],{"class":66},[52,140907,140908,140910,140912,140914,140916,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140909,60610],{"class":58},[52,140911,114],{"class":66},[52,140913,140715],{"class":117},[52,140915,138],{"class":66},[52,140917,140878],{"class":117},[52,140919,80],{"class":66},[52,140921,35485],{"class":117},[52,140923,80],{"class":66},[52,140925,64476],{"class":117},[52,140927,144],{"class":66},[20,140929,20210,140930,140932],{},[15,140931,140878],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,140934,267],{},[43,140936,140938],{"className":45,"code":140937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,140939,140940,140952,140956,140981,141005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140941,140942,140944,140946,140948,140950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140943,34120],{"class":58},[52,140945,63],{"class":62},[52,140947,83],{"class":70},[52,140949,59842],{"class":74},[52,140951,2797],{"class":70},[52,140953,140954],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,140955,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,140957,140958,140960,140962,140964,140966,140968,140970,140972,140974,140976,140978],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,140959,135],{"class":134},[52,140961,138],{"class":66},[52,140963,34141],{"class":117},[52,140965,114],{"class":66},[52,140967,140715],{"class":117},[52,140969,138],{"class":66},[52,140971,71],{"class":70},[52,140973,3288],{"class":74},[52,140975,71],{"class":70},[52,140977,4807],{"class":66},[52,140979,140980],{"class":3105},"      # True\n",[52,140982,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997,140999,141001,141003],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,140984,135],{"class":134},[52,140986,138],{"class":66},[52,140988,34141],{"class":117},[52,140990,114],{"class":66},[52,140992,140715],{"class":117},[52,140994,138],{"class":66},[52,140996,71],{"class":70},[52,140998,60027],{"class":74},[52,141000,71],{"class":70},[52,141002,4807],{"class":66},[52,141004,20640],{"class":3105},[52,141006,141007,141009,141011,141013,141015,141017,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029,141031],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,141008,135],{"class":134},[52,141010,138],{"class":66},[52,141012,34141],{"class":117},[52,141014,114],{"class":66},[52,141016,140715],{"class":117},[52,141018,138],{"class":66},[52,141020,71],{"class":70},[52,141022,60027],{"class":74},[52,141024,71],{"class":70},[52,141026,80],{"class":66},[52,141028,37076],{"class":947},[52,141030,4807],{"class":66},[52,141032,43290],{"class":3105},[20,141034,141035,141036,114],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[221,141037,124394],{"href":50412},[38,141039,141041],{"id":141040},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141043,141044,141046],{},[15,141045,127007],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[699,141048,141049],{"id":140878},[15,141050,140878],{},[20,141052,141053],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[43,141055,141057],{"className":45,"code":141056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141058,141059,141071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141060,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141062,34120],{"class":58},[52,141064,63],{"class":62},[52,141066,83],{"class":70},[52,141068,86],{"class":74},[52,141070,2797],{"class":70},[52,141072,141073,141075,141077,141079,141081,141083,141085,141087,141090,141092,141094],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141074,135],{"class":134},[52,141076,138],{"class":66},[52,141078,34141],{"class":117},[52,141080,114],{"class":66},[52,141082,140715],{"class":117},[52,141084,138],{"class":66},[52,141086,71],{"class":70},[52,141088,141089],{"class":74},"ban",[52,141091,71],{"class":70},[52,141093,4807],{"class":66},[52,141095,3106],{"class":3105},[699,141097,141098],{"id":35506},[15,141099,35506],{},[20,141101,141102],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[43,141104,141106],{"className":45,"code":141105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141107,141108,141120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141109,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141111,34120],{"class":58},[52,141113,63],{"class":62},[52,141115,83],{"class":70},[52,141117,59842],{"class":74},[52,141119,2797],{"class":70},[52,141121,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141123,135],{"class":134},[52,141125,138],{"class":66},[52,141127,34141],{"class":117},[52,141129,114],{"class":66},[52,141131,140715],{"class":117},[52,141133,138],{"class":66},[52,141135,71],{"class":70},[52,141137,60027],{"class":74},[52,141139,71],{"class":70},[52,141141,80],{"class":66},[52,141143,37076],{"class":947},[52,141145,4807],{"class":66},[52,141147,3106],{"class":3105},[699,141149,141150],{"id":52098},[15,141151,52098],{},[20,141153,141154],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[43,141156,141158],{"className":45,"code":141157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141159,141160,141172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141161,141162,141164,141166,141168,141170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141163,34120],{"class":58},[52,141165,63],{"class":62},[52,141167,83],{"class":70},[52,141169,59842],{"class":74},[52,141171,2797],{"class":70},[52,141173,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182,141184,141186,141188,141191,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141175,135],{"class":134},[52,141177,138],{"class":66},[52,141179,34141],{"class":117},[52,141181,114],{"class":66},[52,141183,140715],{"class":117},[52,141185,138],{"class":66},[52,141187,71],{"class":70},[52,141189,141190],{"class":74},"wor",[52,141192,71],{"class":70},[52,141194,80],{"class":66},[52,141196,37076],{"class":947},[52,141198,80],{"class":66},[52,141200,53574],{"class":947},[52,141202,4807],{"class":66},[52,141204,3106],{"class":3105},[699,141206,141208],{"id":141207},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141210,141211,141213],{},[15,141212,140878],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[43,141215,141217],{"className":45,"code":141216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141218,141219,141232],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141220,141221,141223,141225,141227,141230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141222,125722],{"class":58},[52,141224,63],{"class":62},[52,141226,83],{"class":70},[52,141228,141229],{"class":74},"img_001.png",[52,141231,2797],{"class":70},[52,141233,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248,141251,141253,141255,141257,141260,141262,141264],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141235,135],{"class":134},[52,141237,138],{"class":66},[52,141239,125740],{"class":117},[52,141241,114],{"class":66},[52,141243,140715],{"class":117},[52,141245,4957],{"class":66},[52,141247,71],{"class":70},[52,141249,141250],{"class":74},"img_",[52,141252,71],{"class":70},[52,141254,80],{"class":66},[52,141256,83],{"class":70},[52,141258,141259],{"class":74},"photo_",[52,141261,71],{"class":70},[52,141263,50528],{"class":66},[52,141265,3106],{"class":3105},[38,141267,16859],{"id":16858},[20,141269,141270,141272],{},[15,141271,127007],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[163,141274,141275,141280],{},[166,141276,141277,141279],{},[15,141278,3044],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[166,141281,141282,126324],{},[15,141283,3116],{},[20,141285,141286,141287,6618],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141288,732],{},[43,141290,141292],{"className":45,"code":141291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141293,141294,141308,141312,141333,141348,141354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141295,141296,141299,141301,141303,141306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141297,141298],{"class":58},"command ",[52,141300,63],{"class":62},[52,141302,83],{"class":70},[52,141304,141305],{"class":74},"\u002Fhelp",[52,141307,2797],{"class":70},[52,141309,141310],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141311,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141313,141314,141316,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,141315,732],{"class":731},[52,141317,141318],{"class":58}," command",[52,141320,114],{"class":66},[52,141322,140715],{"class":117},[52,141324,138],{"class":66},[52,141326,71],{"class":70},[52,141328,126531],{"class":74},[52,141330,71],{"class":70},[52,141332,7789],{"class":66},[52,141334,141335,141337,141339,141341,141344,141346],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141336,757],{"class":134},[52,141338,138],{"class":66},[52,141340,71],{"class":70},[52,141342,141343],{"class":74},"This looks like a command.",[52,141345,71],{"class":70},[52,141347,144],{"class":66},[52,141349,141350,141352],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,141351,777],{"class":731},[52,141353,737],{"class":66},[52,141355,141356,141358,141360,141362,141365,141367],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,141357,757],{"class":134},[52,141359,138],{"class":66},[52,141361,71],{"class":70},[52,141363,141364],{"class":74},"This is normal text.",[52,141366,71],{"class":70},[52,141368,144],{"class":66},[20,141370,1509],{},[43,141372,141374],{"className":45,"code":141373,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141375,141376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141377,141378,141381],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141379,141380],{"class":58},"This looks like a command",[52,141382,121671],{"class":66},[38,141384,1185,141386,8151,141388,803,141390],{"id":141385},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141387,127007],{},[15,141389,35506],{},[15,141391,52098],{},[20,141393,1418,141394,803,141396,141398],{},[15,141395,35506],{},[15,141397,52098],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[163,141400,141401,141406,141411],{},[166,141402,141403,141405],{},[15,141404,35506],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[166,141407,141408,141410],{},[15,141409,52098],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[166,141412,141413],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141415,267],{},[43,141417,141419],{"className":45,"code":141418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141420,141421,141433,141437,141466,141499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141422,141423,141425,141427,141429,141431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141424,34120],{"class":58},[52,141426,63],{"class":62},[52,141428,83],{"class":70},[52,141430,138918],{"class":74},[52,141432,2797],{"class":70},[52,141434,141435],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141436,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141438,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449,141451,141453,141455,141457,141459,141461,141463],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,141440,135],{"class":134},[52,141442,138],{"class":66},[52,141444,34141],{"class":117},[52,141446,114],{"class":66},[52,141448,140715],{"class":117},[52,141450,138],{"class":66},[52,141452,71],{"class":70},[52,141454,78703],{"class":74},[52,141456,71],{"class":70},[52,141458,80],{"class":66},[52,141460,1896],{"class":947},[52,141462,4807],{"class":66},[52,141464,141465],{"class":3105},"        # True\n",[52,141467,141468,141470,141472,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492,141495,141497],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141469,135],{"class":134},[52,141471,138],{"class":66},[52,141473,34141],{"class":117},[52,141475,114],{"class":66},[52,141477,140715],{"class":117},[52,141479,138],{"class":66},[52,141481,71],{"class":70},[52,141483,133525],{"class":74},[52,141485,71],{"class":70},[52,141487,80],{"class":66},[52,141489,5806],{"class":947},[52,141491,80],{"class":66},[52,141493,141494],{"class":947}," 13",[52,141496,4807],{"class":66},[52,141498,3106],{"class":3105},[52,141500,141501,141503,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525,141527,141529],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,141502,135],{"class":134},[52,141504,138],{"class":66},[52,141506,34141],{"class":117},[52,141508,114],{"class":66},[52,141510,140715],{"class":117},[52,141512,138],{"class":66},[52,141514,71],{"class":70},[52,141516,133525],{"class":74},[52,141518,71],{"class":70},[52,141520,80],{"class":66},[52,141522,5806],{"class":947},[52,141524,80],{"class":66},[52,141526,30373],{"class":947},[52,141528,4807],{"class":66},[52,141530,4215],{"class":3105},[20,141532,141533,141534,141536],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141535,52098],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[38,141538,141540],{"id":141539},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141542,141543],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141545,141546,141547,48784],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141548,40270],{},[43,141550,141552],{"className":45,"code":141551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141553,141554,141568,141582,141596,141600,141624,141628,141649,141670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141555,141556,141559,141561,141563,141566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141557,141558],{"class":58},"filename1 ",[52,141560,63],{"class":62},[52,141562,83],{"class":70},[52,141564,141565],{"class":74},"img_101.jpg",[52,141567,2797],{"class":70},[52,141569,141570,141573,141575,141577,141580],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141571,141572],{"class":58},"filename2 ",[52,141574,63],{"class":62},[52,141576,83],{"class":70},[52,141578,141579],{"class":74},"photo_202.jpg",[52,141581,2797],{"class":70},[52,141583,141584,141587,141589,141591,141594],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,141585,141586],{"class":58},"filename3 ",[52,141588,63],{"class":62},[52,141590,83],{"class":70},[52,141592,141593],{"class":74},"doc_303.jpg",[52,141595,2797],{"class":70},[52,141597,141598],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141599,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141601,141602,141604,141606,141608,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,141603,126934],{"class":58},[52,141605,63],{"class":62},[52,141607,8684],{"class":66},[52,141609,71],{"class":70},[52,141611,141250],{"class":74},[52,141613,71],{"class":70},[52,141615,80],{"class":66},[52,141617,83],{"class":70},[52,141619,141259],{"class":74},[52,141621,71],{"class":70},[52,141623,144],{"class":66},[52,141625,141626],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,141627,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141629,141630,141632,141634,141637,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,141631,135],{"class":134},[52,141633,138],{"class":66},[52,141635,141636],{"class":117},"filename1",[52,141638,114],{"class":66},[52,141640,140715],{"class":117},[52,141642,138],{"class":66},[52,141644,126986],{"class":117},[52,141646,4807],{"class":66},[52,141648,3106],{"class":3105},[52,141650,141651,141653,141655,141658,141660,141662,141664,141666,141668],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,141652,135],{"class":134},[52,141654,138],{"class":66},[52,141656,141657],{"class":117},"filename2",[52,141659,114],{"class":66},[52,141661,140715],{"class":117},[52,141663,138],{"class":66},[52,141665,126986],{"class":117},[52,141667,4807],{"class":66},[52,141669,3106],{"class":3105},[52,141671,141672,141674,141676,141679,141681,141683,141685,141687,141689],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,141673,135],{"class":134},[52,141675,138],{"class":66},[52,141677,141678],{"class":117},"filename3",[52,141680,114],{"class":66},[52,141682,140715],{"class":117},[52,141684,138],{"class":66},[52,141686,126986],{"class":117},[52,141688,4807],{"class":66},[52,141690,4215],{"class":3105},[20,141692,141693],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141695,74204,141696,141700],{},[221,141697,125639,141698,1070],{"href":129233},[15,141699,125697],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[38,141702,123286],{"id":123285},[20,141704,141705,123097],{},[15,141706,127007],{},[20,141708,126684,141709,803,141712,126691],{},[15,141710,141711],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141713,141714],{},"\"python\"",[43,141716,141718],{"className":45,"code":141717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141719,141720,141732,141736,141760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141721,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141723,34120],{"class":58},[52,141725,63],{"class":62},[52,141727,83],{"class":70},[52,141729,6743],{"class":74},[52,141731,2797],{"class":70},[52,141733,141734],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141735,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141737,141738,141740,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,141739,135],{"class":134},[52,141741,138],{"class":66},[52,141743,34141],{"class":117},[52,141745,114],{"class":66},[52,141747,140715],{"class":117},[52,141749,138],{"class":66},[52,141751,71],{"class":70},[52,141753,140826],{"class":74},[52,141755,71],{"class":70},[52,141757,4807],{"class":66},[52,141759,3106],{"class":3105},[52,141761,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141763,135],{"class":134},[52,141765,138],{"class":66},[52,141767,34141],{"class":117},[52,141769,114],{"class":66},[52,141771,140715],{"class":117},[52,141773,138],{"class":66},[52,141775,71],{"class":70},[52,141777,128085],{"class":74},[52,141779,71],{"class":70},[52,141781,4807],{"class":66},[52,141783,4215],{"class":3105},[20,141785,126776,141786,114],{},[221,141787,141788],{"href":123366},[15,141789,123369],{},[43,141791,141793],{"className":45,"code":141792,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141794,141795,141807,141811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141796,141797,141799,141801,141803,141805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141798,34120],{"class":58},[52,141800,63],{"class":62},[52,141802,83],{"class":70},[52,141804,6743],{"class":74},[52,141806,2797],{"class":70},[52,141808,141809],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141810,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141812,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,141814,135],{"class":134},[52,141816,138],{"class":66},[52,141818,34141],{"class":117},[52,141820,114],{"class":66},[52,141822,8087],{"class":117},[52,141824,8084],{"class":66},[52,141826,140715],{"class":117},[52,141828,138],{"class":66},[52,141830,71],{"class":70},[52,141832,128085],{"class":74},[52,141834,71],{"class":70},[52,141836,4807],{"class":66},[52,141838,3106],{"class":3105},[38,141840,894,141842],{"id":141841},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141843,127007],{},[20,141845,141846,141848],{},[15,141847,127007],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141850,8821],{},[163,141852,141853,141856,141859,141868],{},[166,141854,141855],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[166,141857,141858],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[166,141860,141861,141862,456,141865],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141863,141864],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141866,141867],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[166,141869,141870],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141872,267],{},[43,141874,141876],{"className":45,"code":141875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141877,141878,141891,141895,141924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141879,141880,141882,141884,141886,141889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141881,126502],{"class":58},[52,141883,63],{"class":62},[52,141885,83],{"class":70},[52,141887,141888],{"class":74},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[52,141890,2797],{"class":70},[52,141892,141893],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141894,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,141896,141897,141899,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,141898,732],{"class":731},[52,141900,141901],{"class":58}," url",[52,141903,114],{"class":66},[52,141905,140715],{"class":117},[52,141907,4957],{"class":66},[52,141909,71],{"class":70},[52,141911,141864],{"class":74},[52,141913,71],{"class":70},[52,141915,80],{"class":66},[52,141917,83],{"class":70},[52,141919,141867],{"class":74},[52,141921,71],{"class":70},[52,141923,68999],{"class":66},[52,141925,141926,141928,141930,141932,141935,141937],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,141927,757],{"class":134},[52,141929,138],{"class":66},[52,141931,71],{"class":70},[52,141933,141934],{"class":74},"This looks like a web URL.",[52,141936,71],{"class":70},[52,141938,144],{"class":66},[38,141940,1158],{"id":1157},[20,141942,22535,141943,114],{},[15,141944,127007],{},[699,141946,138079],{"id":141947},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,141949,141950,123097],{},[15,141951,127007],{},[43,141953,141955],{"className":45,"code":141954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,141956,141957,141969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141958,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141960,34120],{"class":58},[52,141962,63],{"class":62},[52,141964,83],{"class":70},[52,141966,6743],{"class":74},[52,141968,2797],{"class":70},[52,141970,141971,141973,141975,141977,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989,141991],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,141972,135],{"class":134},[52,141974,138],{"class":66},[52,141976,34141],{"class":117},[52,141978,114],{"class":66},[52,141980,140715],{"class":117},[52,141982,138],{"class":66},[52,141984,71],{"class":70},[52,141986,47],{"class":74},[52,141988,71],{"class":70},[52,141990,4807],{"class":66},[52,141992,4215],{"class":3105},[20,141994,38695],{},[43,141996,141998],{"className":45,"code":141997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,141999,142000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142001,142002,142004,142006,142008,142010,142012,142014,142016,142018,142020,142022,142024,142026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142003,135],{"class":134},[52,142005,138],{"class":66},[52,142007,34141],{"class":117},[52,142009,114],{"class":66},[52,142011,8087],{"class":117},[52,142013,8084],{"class":66},[52,142015,140715],{"class":117},[52,142017,138],{"class":66},[52,142019,71],{"class":70},[52,142021,47],{"class":74},[52,142023,71],{"class":70},[52,142025,4807],{"class":66},[52,142027,3106],{"class":3105},[699,142029,633,142031,136561],{"id":142030},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142032,127007],{},[20,142034,142035],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[43,142037,142039],{"className":45,"code":142038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142040,142041,142049,142053,142058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142042,142043,142045,142047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142044,965],{"class":58},[52,142046,63],{"class":62},[52,142048,124321],{"class":947},[52,142050,142051],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142052,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,142054,142055],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,142056,142057],{"class":3105},"# This will cause an error:\n",[52,142059,142060],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142061,142062],{"class":3105},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142064,38695],{},[43,142066,142068],{"className":45,"code":142067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142069,142070,142084],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142071,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142073,965],{"class":58},[52,142075,63],{"class":62},[52,142077,48340],{"class":600},[52,142079,138],{"class":66},[52,142081,49682],{"class":947},[52,142083,144],{"class":66},[52,142085,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142087,135],{"class":134},[52,142089,138],{"class":66},[52,142091,985],{"class":117},[52,142093,114],{"class":66},[52,142095,140715],{"class":117},[52,142097,138],{"class":66},[52,142099,71],{"class":70},[52,142101,948],{"class":74},[52,142103,71],{"class":70},[52,142105,4807],{"class":66},[52,142107,3106],{"class":3105},[699,142109,36636,142111,8151,142113],{"id":142110},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142112,127007],{},[15,142114,3326],{},[20,142116,142117,142119],{},[15,142118,127007],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142121,142122,142123,142125,142126,114],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142124,3326],{}," or methods like ",[221,142127,142128],{"href":123649},[15,142129,123634],{},[43,142131,142133],{"className":45,"code":142132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142134,142135,142147,142151,142175],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142138,34120],{"class":58},[52,142140,63],{"class":62},[52,142142,83],{"class":70},[52,142144,59842],{"class":74},[52,142146,2797],{"class":70},[52,142148,142149],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142150,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,142152,142153,142155,142157,142159,142161,142163,142165,142167,142169,142171,142173],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,142154,135],{"class":134},[52,142156,138],{"class":66},[52,142158,34141],{"class":117},[52,142160,114],{"class":66},[52,142162,140715],{"class":117},[52,142164,138],{"class":66},[52,142166,71],{"class":70},[52,142168,60027],{"class":74},[52,142170,71],{"class":70},[52,142172,4807],{"class":66},[52,142174,4215],{"class":3105},[52,142176,142177,142179,142181,142183,142185,142187,142189,142191,142193],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142178,135],{"class":134},[52,142180,138],{"class":66},[52,142182,71],{"class":70},[52,142184,60027],{"class":74},[52,142186,71],{"class":70},[52,142188,20613],{"class":731},[52,142190,42276],{"class":117},[52,142192,3102],{"class":66},[52,142194,142195],{"class":3105},"           # True\n",[20,142197,135113,142198,114],{},[221,142199,126675],{"href":122894},[699,142201,4147,142203,803,142205,142207],{"id":142202},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142204,35506],{},[15,142206,52098],{}," use index positions",[20,142209,142210,142211,114],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142212,1558],{},[43,142214,142216],{"className":45,"code":142215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142217,142218,142231,142235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142219,142220,142222,142224,142226,142229],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142221,34120],{"class":58},[52,142223,63],{"class":62},[52,142225,83],{"class":70},[52,142227,142228],{"class":74},"abcdef",[52,142230,2797],{"class":70},[52,142232,142233],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142234,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,142236,142237,142239,142241,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142254,142256,142258,142260,142262],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,142238,135],{"class":134},[52,142240,138],{"class":66},[52,142242,34141],{"class":117},[52,142244,114],{"class":66},[52,142246,140715],{"class":117},[52,142248,138],{"class":66},[52,142250,71],{"class":70},[52,142252,142253],{"class":74},"cd",[52,142255,71],{"class":70},[52,142257,80],{"class":66},[52,142259,953],{"class":947},[52,142261,4807],{"class":66},[52,142263,3106],{"class":3105},[699,142265,142267],{"id":142266},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142269,142270],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142272,16083],{},[43,142274,142276],{"className":45,"code":142275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142277,142278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142279,142280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142281,142275],{"class":3105},[20,142283,16095],{},[43,142285,142287],{"className":45,"code":142286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142288,142289,142301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142290,142291,142293,142295,142297,142299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142292,34120],{"class":58},[52,142294,63],{"class":62},[52,142296,83],{"class":70},[52,142298,6743],{"class":74},[52,142300,2797],{"class":70},[52,142302,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142328,142330,142332],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142304,135],{"class":134},[52,142306,138],{"class":66},[52,142308,34141],{"class":117},[52,142310,114],{"class":66},[52,142312,140715],{"class":117},[52,142314,4957],{"class":66},[52,142316,71],{"class":70},[52,142318,140826],{"class":74},[52,142320,71],{"class":70},[52,142322,80],{"class":66},[52,142324,83],{"class":70},[52,142326,142327],{"class":74},"Ja",[52,142329,71],{"class":70},[52,142331,50528],{"class":66},[52,142333,3106],{"class":3105},[20,142335,31513],{},[43,142337,142339],{"className":45,"code":142338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142340,142341,142351,142365,142387,142413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142342,142343,142345,142347,142349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142344,135],{"class":134},[52,142346,138],{"class":66},[52,142348,34141],{"class":117},[52,142350,144],{"class":66},[52,142352,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142354,135],{"class":134},[52,142356,138],{"class":66},[52,142358,1231],{"class":600},[52,142360,138],{"class":66},[52,142362,34141],{"class":117},[52,142364,1222],{"class":66},[52,142366,142367,142369,142371,142373,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,142368,135],{"class":134},[52,142370,138],{"class":66},[52,142372,34141],{"class":117},[52,142374,114],{"class":66},[52,142376,140715],{"class":117},[52,142378,138],{"class":66},[52,142380,71],{"class":70},[52,142382,140826],{"class":74},[52,142384,71],{"class":70},[52,142386,1222],{"class":66},[52,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409,142411],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142390,135],{"class":134},[52,142392,138],{"class":66},[52,142394,34141],{"class":117},[52,142396,114],{"class":66},[52,142398,8087],{"class":117},[52,142400,8084],{"class":66},[52,142402,140715],{"class":117},[52,142404,138],{"class":66},[52,142406,71],{"class":70},[52,142408,128085],{"class":74},[52,142410,71],{"class":70},[52,142412,1222],{"class":66},[52,142414,142415,142417,142419,142421,142423,142425,142427,142429,142431,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,142416,135],{"class":134},[52,142418,138],{"class":66},[52,142420,34141],{"class":117},[52,142422,114],{"class":66},[52,142424,140715],{"class":117},[52,142426,4957],{"class":66},[52,142428,71],{"class":70},[52,142430,140826],{"class":74},[52,142432,71],{"class":70},[52,142434,80],{"class":66},[52,142436,83],{"class":70},[52,142438,142327],{"class":74},[52,142440,71],{"class":70},[52,142442,2350],{"class":66},[38,142444,1273],{"id":1272},[699,142446,1277,142448,127485],{"id":142447},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142449,127007],{},[20,142451,142452,142453,456,142455,114],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142454,3044],{},[15,142456,3116],{},[699,142458,4614,142460,142462],{"id":142459},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142461,127007],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142464,142465],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[43,142467,142469],{"className":45,"code":142468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142470,142471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142472,142473,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142474,34141],{"class":58},[52,142476,114],{"class":66},[52,142478,140715],{"class":117},[52,142480,4957],{"class":66},[52,142482,71],{"class":70},[52,142484,221],{"class":74},[52,142486,71],{"class":70},[52,142488,80],{"class":66},[52,142490,83],{"class":70},[52,142492,4204],{"class":74},[52,142494,71],{"class":70},[52,142496,1222],{"class":66},[699,142498,14343,142500,123975],{"id":142499},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142501,127007],{},[20,142503,129168],{},[699,142505,4624,142507,803,142509,1293],{"id":142506},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142508,127007],{},[15,142510,3326],{},[20,142512,142513,142515,142516,142518],{},[15,142514,127007],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142517,3326],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[699,142520,27767,142522,803,142524,8151,142526,1293],{"id":142521},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142523,35506],{},[15,142525,52098],{},[15,142527,127007],{},[20,142529,142530],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[38,142532,1332],{"id":1331},[163,142534,142535,142541,142547,142553,142557],{},[166,142536,142537],{},[221,142538,125639,142539,1070],{"href":129233},[15,142540,125697],{},[166,142542,142543],{},[221,142544,125639,142545,1070],{"href":123649},[15,142546,123634],{},[166,142548,142549],{},[221,142550,125639,142551,1070],{"href":123366},[15,142552,123369],{},[166,142554,142555],{},[221,142556,124038],{"href":122894},[166,142558,142559],{},[221,142560,124394],{"href":50412},[1364,142562,142563],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":142565},[142566,142568,142569,142575,142576,142578,142579,142580,142582,142592,142604],{"id":140761,"depth":103,"text":142567},"What startswith() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":141040,"depth":103,"text":141041,"children":142570},[142571,142572,142573,142574],{"id":140878,"depth":124,"text":140878},{"id":35506,"depth":124,"text":35506},{"id":52098,"depth":124,"text":52098},{"id":141207,"depth":124,"text":141208},{"id":16858,"depth":103,"text":16859},{"id":141385,"depth":103,"text":142577},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141539,"depth":103,"text":141540},{"id":123285,"depth":103,"text":123286},{"id":141841,"depth":103,"text":142581},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":142583},[142584,142585,142587,142589,142591],{"id":141947,"depth":124,"text":138079},{"id":142030,"depth":124,"text":142586},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142110,"depth":124,"text":142588},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142202,"depth":124,"text":142590},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142266,"depth":124,"text":142267},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":142593},[142594,142596,142598,142600,142602],{"id":142447,"depth":124,"text":142595},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142459,"depth":124,"text":142597},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142499,"depth":124,"text":142599},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142506,"depth":124,"text":142601},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142521,"depth":124,"text":142603},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140661,"description":142605},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142612,"title":142613,"body":142614,"description":144068,"extension":1401,"meta":144069,"navigation":127,"path":144070,"seo":144071,"stem":144072,"__hash__":144073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142615,"toc":144038},[142616,142621,142626,142629,142631,142675,142677,142685,142690,142695,142700,142702,142720,142722,142768,142770,142784,142793,142797,142799,142801,142813,142818,142821,142853,142855,142864,142869,142872,142913,142915,142923,142925,142938,142944,142948,142951,142967,142969,143018,143020,143029,143032,143091,143093,143102,143109,143112,143165,143167,143191,143198,143204,143208,143214,143217,143228,143230,143270,143272,143280,143282,143322,143324,143333,143335,143353,143356,143363,143374,143377,143394,143396,143473,143475,143506,143509,143511,143514,143540,143542,143582,143584,143593,143603,143611,143619,143624,143629,143631,143645,143647,143698,143700,143709,143719,143721,143723,143745,143748,143827,143829,143865,143868,143943,143948,143950,143956,143961,143966,143969,143975,143978,143985,143993,143997,144005,144007,144035],[10,142617,122639,142619,18],{"id":142618},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142620,41087],{},[20,142622,31748,142623,142625],{},[15,142624,41087],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142627,142628],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[38,142630,3049],{"id":3048},[43,142632,142634],{"className":45,"code":142633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142635,142636,142649,142664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142637,142638,142640,142642,142644,142647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142639,34120],{"class":58},[52,142641,63],{"class":62},[52,142643,83],{"class":70},[52,142645,142646],{"class":74},"  hello  ",[52,142648,2797],{"class":70},[52,142650,142651,142654,142656,142658,142660,142662],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142652,142653],{"class":58},"clean_text ",[52,142655,63],{"class":62},[52,142657,42276],{"class":58},[52,142659,114],{"class":66},[52,142661,8081],{"class":117},[52,142663,121],{"class":66},[52,142665,142666,142668,142670,142673],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,142667,135],{"class":134},[52,142669,138],{"class":66},[52,142671,142672],{"class":117},"clean_text",[52,142674,144],{"class":66},[20,142676,1509],{},[43,142678,142679],{"className":45,"code":137954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,142680,142681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142682,142683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142684,137954],{"class":58},[20,142686,799,142687,142689],{},[15,142688,41087],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[38,142691,194,142693,197],{"id":142692},"what-strip-does",[15,142694,41087],{},[20,142696,142697,142699],{},[15,142698,41087],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142701,247],{},[163,142703,142704,142708,142711,142714,142717],{},[166,142705,142706,130989],{},[15,142707,41087],{},[166,142709,142710],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[166,142712,142713],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[166,142715,142716],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[166,142718,142719],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142721,267],{},[43,142723,142725],{"className":45,"code":142724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142726,142727,142740,142744,142758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142728,142729,142731,142733,142735,142738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142730,34120],{"class":58},[52,142732,63],{"class":62},[52,142734,83],{"class":70},[52,142736,142737],{"class":74},"  hello world  ",[52,142739,2797],{"class":70},[52,142741,142742],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142743,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,142747,135],{"class":134},[52,142749,138],{"class":66},[52,142751,34141],{"class":117},[52,142753,114],{"class":66},[52,142755,8081],{"class":117},[52,142757,6640],{"class":66},[52,142759,142760,142762,142764,142766],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,142761,135],{"class":134},[52,142763,138],{"class":66},[52,142765,34141],{"class":117},[52,142767,144],{"class":66},[20,142769,1509],{},[43,142771,142773],{"className":45,"code":142772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142774,142775,142779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142776,142777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142778,133655],{"class":58},[52,142780,142781],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142782,142783],{"class":58},"  hello world\n",[20,142785,142786,142787,142789,142790,142792],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142788,41087],{},", but the original ",[15,142791,34141],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142794,124391,142795,114],{},[221,142796,124394],{"href":50412},[38,142798,228],{"id":227},[20,142800,25926],{},[163,142802,142803,142808],{},[166,142804,142805],{},[15,142806,142807],{},"string.strip()",[166,142809,142810],{},[15,142811,142812],{},"string.strip(chars)",[699,142814,142816],{"id":142815},"stringstrip",[15,142817,142807],{},[20,142819,142820],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[43,142822,142824],{"className":45,"code":142823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142825,142826,142839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142827,142828,142830,142832,142834,142837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142829,7323],{"class":58},[52,142831,63],{"class":62},[52,142833,83],{"class":70},[52,142835,142836],{"class":74},"  Alice  ",[52,142838,2797],{"class":70},[52,142840,142841,142843,142845,142847,142849,142851],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142842,135],{"class":134},[52,142844,138],{"class":66},[52,142846,7115],{"class":117},[52,142848,114],{"class":66},[52,142850,8081],{"class":117},[52,142852,6640],{"class":66},[20,142854,1509],{},[43,142856,142858],{"className":45,"code":142857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Alice\n",[15,142859,142860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142861,142862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142863,142857],{"class":58},[699,142865,142867],{"id":142866},"stringstripchars",[15,142868,142812],{},[20,142870,142871],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[43,142873,142875],{"className":45,"code":142874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142876,142877,142890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142878,142879,142881,142883,142885,142888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142880,34120],{"class":58},[52,142882,63],{"class":62},[52,142884,83],{"class":70},[52,142886,142887],{"class":74},"!!hello??",[52,142889,2797],{"class":70},[52,142891,142892,142894,142896,142898,142900,142902,142904,142906,142909,142911],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142893,135],{"class":134},[52,142895,138],{"class":66},[52,142897,34141],{"class":117},[52,142899,114],{"class":66},[52,142901,8081],{"class":117},[52,142903,138],{"class":66},[52,142905,71],{"class":70},[52,142907,142908],{"class":74},"!?",[52,142910,71],{"class":70},[52,142912,1222],{"class":66},[20,142914,1509],{},[43,142916,142917],{"className":45,"code":137954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,142918,142919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142920,142921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142922,137954],{"class":58},[20,142924,183],{},[163,142926,142927,142932],{},[166,142928,142929,142931],{},[15,142930,133898],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[166,142933,142934,142935,142937],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,142936,133898],{}," does not matter",[38,142939,142941,142942],{"id":142940},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,142943,41087],{},[20,142945,30315,142946,114],{},[15,142947,41087],{},[20,142949,142950],{},"It is useful for:",[163,142952,142953,142958,142961,142964],{},[166,142954,142955,142956,3329],{},"Cleaning ",[15,142957,2396],{},[166,142959,142960],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[166,142962,142963],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[166,142965,142966],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,142968,47797],{},[43,142970,142972],{"className":45,"code":142971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,142973,142974,142987,143003,143007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142975,142976,142978,142980,142982,142985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142977,7408],{"class":58},[52,142979,63],{"class":62},[52,142981,83],{"class":70},[52,142983,142984],{"class":74},"  sam  ",[52,142986,2797],{"class":70},[52,142988,142989,142992,142994,142997,142999,143001],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,142990,142991],{"class":58},"clean_username ",[52,142993,63],{"class":62},[52,142995,142996],{"class":58}," username",[52,142998,114],{"class":66},[52,143000,8081],{"class":117},[52,143002,121],{"class":66},[52,143004,143005],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143006,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,143008,143009,143011,143013,143016],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143010,135],{"class":134},[52,143012,138],{"class":66},[52,143014,143015],{"class":117},"clean_username",[52,143017,144],{"class":66},[20,143019,1509],{},[43,143021,143023],{"className":45,"code":143022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sam\n",[15,143024,143025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143026,143027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143028,143022],{"class":58},[20,143030,143031],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[43,143033,143035],{"className":45,"code":143034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143036,143037,143050,143054,143076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143038,143039,143041,143043,143045,143048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143040,135882],{"class":58},[52,143042,63],{"class":62},[52,143044,83],{"class":70},[52,143046,143047],{"class":74}," yes  ",[52,143049,2797],{"class":70},[52,143051,143052],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143053,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,143055,143056,143058,143060,143062,143064,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143057,732],{"class":731},[52,143059,135902],{"class":58},[52,143061,114],{"class":66},[52,143063,8081],{"class":117},[52,143065,6812],{"class":66},[52,143067,5854],{"class":62},[52,143069,83],{"class":70},[52,143071,8104],{"class":74},[52,143073,71],{"class":70},[52,143075,737],{"class":66},[52,143077,143078,143080,143082,143084,143087,143089],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143079,757],{"class":134},[52,143081,138],{"class":66},[52,143083,71],{"class":70},[52,143085,143086],{"class":74},"Matched",[52,143088,71],{"class":70},[52,143090,144],{"class":66},[20,143092,1509],{},[43,143094,143096],{"className":45,"code":143095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Matched\n",[15,143097,143098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143099,143100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143101,143095],{"class":58},[20,143103,143104,143105,114],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[221,143106,143108],{"href":143107},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143110,143111],{},"Example with file-style text:",[43,143113,143115],{"className":45,"code":143114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143116,143117,143133,143147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143118,143119,143122,143124,143126,143129,143131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143120,143121],{"class":58},"line ",[52,143123,63],{"class":62},[52,143125,83],{"class":70},[52,143127,143128],{"class":74},"Python basics",[52,143130,86584],{"class":33885},[52,143132,2797],{"class":70},[52,143134,143135,143137,143139,143141,143143,143145],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143136,135],{"class":134},[52,143138,138],{"class":66},[52,143140,41213],{"class":134},[52,143142,138],{"class":66},[52,143144,54],{"class":117},[52,143146,1222],{"class":66},[52,143148,143149,143151,143153,143155,143157,143159,143161,143163],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143150,135],{"class":134},[52,143152,138],{"class":66},[52,143154,41213],{"class":134},[52,143156,138],{"class":66},[52,143158,54],{"class":117},[52,143160,114],{"class":66},[52,143162,8081],{"class":117},[52,143164,5736],{"class":66},[20,143166,1509],{},[43,143168,143170],{"className":45,"code":143169,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143171,143172,143183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143173,143174,143176,143178,143181],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143175,608],{"class":42763},[52,143177,143128],{"class":42767},[52,143179,86584],{"class":143180},"sfi6f",[52,143182,689],{"class":42763},[52,143184,143185,143187,143189],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143186,608],{"class":42763},[52,143188,143128],{"class":42767},[52,143190,689],{"class":42763},[20,143192,1185,143193,143195,143196,114],{},[15,143194,121853],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143197,86584],{},[20,143199,143200,143201,114],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[221,143202,143203],{"href":87237},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[38,143205,143207],{"id":143206},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143209,143210,143211,114],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143212,143213],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143215,143216],{},"Python will:",[163,143218,143219,143222,143225],{},[166,143220,143221],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[166,143223,143224],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[166,143226,143227],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143229,267],{},[43,143231,143233],{"className":45,"code":143232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143234,143235,143248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143236,143237,143239,143241,143243,143246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143238,34120],{"class":58},[52,143240,63],{"class":62},[52,143242,83],{"class":70},[52,143244,143245],{"class":74},"??hello!!",[52,143247,2797],{"class":70},[52,143249,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143251,135],{"class":134},[52,143253,138],{"class":66},[52,143255,34141],{"class":117},[52,143257,114],{"class":66},[52,143259,8081],{"class":117},[52,143261,138],{"class":66},[52,143263,71],{"class":70},[52,143265,142908],{"class":74},[52,143267,71],{"class":70},[52,143269,1222],{"class":66},[20,143271,1509],{},[43,143273,143274],{"className":45,"code":137954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143275,143276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143277,143278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143279,137954],{"class":58},[20,143281,51517],{},[43,143283,143285],{"className":45,"code":143284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143286,143287,143300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143288,143289,143291,143293,143295,143298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143290,34120],{"class":58},[52,143292,63],{"class":62},[52,143294,83],{"class":70},[52,143296,143297],{"class":74},"abcHelloCba",[52,143299,2797],{"class":70},[52,143301,143302,143304,143306,143308,143310,143312,143314,143316,143318,143320],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143303,135],{"class":134},[52,143305,138],{"class":66},[52,143307,34141],{"class":117},[52,143309,114],{"class":66},[52,143311,8081],{"class":117},[52,143313,138],{"class":66},[52,143315,71],{"class":70},[52,143317,40994],{"class":74},[52,143319,71],{"class":70},[52,143321,1222],{"class":66},[20,143323,1509],{},[43,143325,143327],{"className":45,"code":143326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloC\n",[15,143328,143329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143330,143331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143332,143326],{"class":58},[20,143334,5682],{},[20,143336,143337,13493,143340,143342,143343,143345,143346,1627,143348,1631,143350,143352],{},[15,143338,143339],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,143341,32],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143344,40994],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143347,221],{},[15,143349,4204],{},[15,143351,9187],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143354,143355],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143357,143358,143359,6077],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[221,143360,143361],{"href":129220},[15,143362,123810],{},[38,143364,143366,897,143368,897,143371],{"id":143365},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143367,41087],{},[15,143369,143370],{},"lstrip()",[15,143372,143373],{},"rstrip()",[20,143375,143376],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[163,143378,143379,143384,143389],{},[166,143380,143381,143383],{},[15,143382,41087],{}," removes from both ends",[166,143385,143386,143388],{},[15,143387,143370],{}," removes from the left side only",[166,143390,143391,143393],{},[15,143392,143373],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143395,267],{},[43,143397,143399],{"className":45,"code":143398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143400,143401,143413,143417,143435,143454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143402,143403,143405,143407,143409,143411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143404,34120],{"class":58},[52,143406,63],{"class":62},[52,143408,83],{"class":70},[52,143410,142646],{"class":74},[52,143412,2797],{"class":70},[52,143414,143415],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143416,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,143418,143419,143421,143423,143425,143427,143429,143431,143433],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143420,135],{"class":134},[52,143422,138],{"class":66},[52,143424,41213],{"class":134},[52,143426,138],{"class":66},[52,143428,34141],{"class":117},[52,143430,114],{"class":66},[52,143432,8081],{"class":117},[52,143434,5736],{"class":66},[52,143436,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445,143447,143449,143452],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143438,135],{"class":134},[52,143440,138],{"class":66},[52,143442,41213],{"class":134},[52,143444,138],{"class":66},[52,143446,34141],{"class":117},[52,143448,114],{"class":66},[52,143450,143451],{"class":117},"lstrip",[52,143453,5736],{"class":66},[52,143455,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143466,143468,143471],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,143457,135],{"class":134},[52,143459,138],{"class":66},[52,143461,41213],{"class":134},[52,143463,138],{"class":66},[52,143465,34141],{"class":117},[52,143467,114],{"class":66},[52,143469,143470],{"class":117},"rstrip",[52,143472,5736],{"class":66},[20,143474,1509],{},[43,143476,143478],{"className":45,"code":143477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143479,143480,143488,143497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143481,143482,143484,143486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143483,608],{"class":42763},[52,143485,3288],{"class":42767},[52,143487,689],{"class":42763},[52,143489,143490,143492,143495],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143491,608],{"class":42763},[52,143493,143494],{"class":42767},"hello  ",[52,143496,689],{"class":42763},[52,143498,143499,143501,143504],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143500,608],{"class":42763},[52,143502,143503],{"class":42767},"  hello",[52,143505,689],{"class":42763},[20,143507,143508],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[38,143510,354],{"id":353},[20,143512,143513],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[163,143515,143516,143524,143534,143537],{},[166,143517,143518,143520,143521,143523],{},[15,143519,143339],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143522,40963],{}," once",[166,143525,143526,143527,1627,143529,1631,143531,143533],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143528,221],{},[15,143530,4204],{},[15,143532,9187],{}," from both ends",[166,143535,143536],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[166,143538,143539],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143541,267],{},[43,143543,143545],{"className":45,"code":143544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143546,143547,143560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143548,143549,143551,143553,143555,143558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143550,125722],{"class":58},[52,143552,63],{"class":62},[52,143554,83],{"class":70},[52,143556,143557],{"class":74},"txt_report.txt",[52,143559,2797],{"class":70},[52,143561,143562,143564,143566,143568,143570,143572,143574,143576,143578,143580],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143563,135],{"class":134},[52,143565,138],{"class":66},[52,143567,125740],{"class":117},[52,143569,114],{"class":66},[52,143571,8081],{"class":117},[52,143573,138],{"class":66},[52,143575,71],{"class":70},[52,143577,125775],{"class":74},[52,143579,71],{"class":70},[52,143581,1222],{"class":66},[20,143583,1509],{},[43,143585,143587],{"className":45,"code":143586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"_report\n",[15,143588,143589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143590,143591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143592,143586],{"class":58},[20,143594,143595,143596,1627,143598,1631,143600,143602],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143597,114],{},[15,143599,62722],{},[15,143601,1611],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143604,53091,143605,4227,143608,143610],{},[15,143606,143607],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,143609,32],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143612,143613,143614,143618],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[221,143615,143616],{"href":129220},[15,143617,123810],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[38,143620,894,143622],{"id":143621},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143623,41087],{},[20,143625,799,143626,143628],{},[15,143627,41087],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143630,35858],{},[163,143632,143633,143637,143639,143642],{},[166,143634,142955,143635,3329],{},[15,143636,2396],{},[166,143638,142960],{},[166,143640,143641],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[166,143643,143644],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143646,267],{},[43,143648,143650],{"className":45,"code":143649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143651,143652,143666,143670,143683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143653,143654,143657,143659,143661,143664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143655,143656],{"class":58},"email ",[52,143658,63],{"class":62},[52,143660,83],{"class":70},[52,143662,143663],{"class":74},"  user@example.com  ",[52,143665,2797],{"class":70},[52,143667,143668],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143669,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,143671,143672,143674,143677,143679,143681],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143673,732],{"class":731},[52,143675,143676],{"class":58}," email",[52,143678,114],{"class":66},[52,143680,8081],{"class":117},[52,143682,21035],{"class":66},[52,143684,143685,143687,143689,143691,143694,143696],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143686,757],{"class":134},[52,143688,138],{"class":66},[52,143690,71],{"class":70},[52,143692,143693],{"class":74},"Email was entered",[52,143695,71],{"class":70},[52,143697,144],{"class":66},[20,143699,1509],{},[43,143701,143703],{"className":45,"code":143702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Email was entered\n",[15,143704,143705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143706,143707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143708,143702],{"class":58},[20,143710,143711,143712,143714,143715,114],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143713,41087],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[221,143716,143717],{"href":123366},[15,143718,123369],{},[38,143720,1158],{"id":1157},[20,143722,83671],{},[163,143724,143725,143729,143734,143739],{},[166,143726,1174,143727,130859],{},[15,143728,41087],{},[166,143730,1174,143731,143733],{},[15,143732,41087],{}," to remove text from the middle",[166,143735,1185,143736,143738],{},[15,143737,143607],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[166,143740,4147,143741,143744],{},[15,143742,143743],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143746,143747],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[43,143749,143751],{"className":45,"code":143750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143752,143753,143767,143771,143781,143795,143809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143754,143755,143757,143759,143761,143763,143765],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143756,34120],{"class":58},[52,143758,63],{"class":62},[52,143760,83],{"class":70},[52,143762,143503],{"class":74},[52,143764,86584],{"class":33885},[52,143766,2797],{"class":70},[52,143768,143769],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143770,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,143772,143773,143775,143777,143779],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143774,135],{"class":134},[52,143776,138],{"class":66},[52,143778,34141],{"class":117},[52,143780,144],{"class":66},[52,143782,143783,143785,143787,143789,143791,143793],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143784,135],{"class":134},[52,143786,138],{"class":66},[52,143788,41213],{"class":134},[52,143790,138],{"class":66},[52,143792,34141],{"class":117},[52,143794,1222],{"class":66},[52,143796,143797,143799,143801,143803,143805,143807],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,143798,135],{"class":134},[52,143800,138],{"class":66},[52,143802,34141],{"class":117},[52,143804,114],{"class":66},[52,143806,8081],{"class":117},[52,143808,6640],{"class":66},[52,143810,143811,143813,143815,143817,143819,143821,143823,143825],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,143812,135],{"class":134},[52,143814,138],{"class":66},[52,143816,41213],{"class":134},[52,143818,138],{"class":66},[52,143820,34141],{"class":117},[52,143822,114],{"class":66},[52,143824,8081],{"class":117},[52,143826,5736],{"class":66},[20,143828,1509],{},[43,143830,143832],{"className":45,"code":143831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143833,143834,143839,143843,143853,143857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143835,143836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143837,143838],{"class":58},"  hello\n",[52,143840,143841],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143842,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,143844,143845,143847,143849,143851],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143846,608],{"class":42763},[52,143848,143503],{"class":42767},[52,143850,86584],{"class":143180},[52,143852,689],{"class":42763},[52,143854,143855],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143856,137954],{"class":58},[52,143858,143859,143861,143863],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,143860,608],{"class":42763},[52,143862,3288],{"class":42767},[52,143864,689],{"class":42763},[20,143866,143867],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[43,143869,143871],{"className":45,"code":143870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143872,143873,143883,143897,143911,143929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143874,143875,143877,143879,143881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143876,135],{"class":134},[52,143878,138],{"class":66},[52,143880,34141],{"class":117},[52,143882,144],{"class":66},[52,143884,143885,143887,143889,143891,143893,143895],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,143886,135],{"class":134},[52,143888,138],{"class":66},[52,143890,41213],{"class":134},[52,143892,138],{"class":66},[52,143894,34141],{"class":117},[52,143896,1222],{"class":66},[52,143898,143899,143901,143903,143905,143907,143909],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,143900,135],{"class":134},[52,143902,138],{"class":66},[52,143904,34141],{"class":117},[52,143906,114],{"class":66},[52,143908,8081],{"class":117},[52,143910,6640],{"class":66},[52,143912,143913,143915,143917,143919,143921,143923,143925,143927],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,143914,135],{"class":134},[52,143916,138],{"class":66},[52,143918,41213],{"class":134},[52,143920,138],{"class":66},[52,143922,34141],{"class":117},[52,143924,114],{"class":66},[52,143926,8081],{"class":117},[52,143928,5736],{"class":66},[52,143930,143931,143933,143935,143937,143939,143941],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,143932,31583],{"class":134},[52,143934,138],{"class":66},[52,143936,2882],{"class":600},[52,143938,114],{"class":66},[52,143940,8081],{"class":24190},[52,143942,144],{"class":66},[20,143944,143945,143947],{},[15,143946,121853],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[38,143949,1273],{"id":1272},[699,143951,1277,143953,143955],{"id":143952},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,143954,41087],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,143957,45800,143958,143960],{},[15,143959,41087],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[699,143962,1277,143964,123966],{"id":143963},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,143965,41087],{},[20,143967,143968],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[699,143970,4586,143972,143974],{"id":143971},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,143973,41087],{}," remove by default?",[20,143976,143977],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[699,143979,33637,143981,33640,143983,1293],{"id":143980},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,143982,41087],{},[15,143984,123810],{},[20,143986,143987,143989,143990,143992],{},[15,143988,41087],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,143991,123810],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[699,143994,143996],{"id":143995},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,143998,127512,143999,144001,144002,144004],{},[15,144000,143370],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144003,143373],{}," for the right side.",[38,144006,1332],{"id":1331},[163,144008,144009,144015,144021,144026,144031],{},[166,144010,144011],{},[221,144012,125639,144013,1070],{"href":123366},[15,144014,123369],{},[166,144016,144017],{},[221,144018,125639,144019,1070],{"href":129220},[15,144020,123810],{},[166,144022,144023],{},[221,144024,144025],{"href":143107},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[166,144027,144028],{},[221,144029,144030],{"href":87237},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[166,144032,144033],{},[221,144034,124394],{"href":50412},[1364,144036,144037],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":144039},[144040,144041,144043,144047,144049,144050,144052,144053,144055,144056,144067],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":142692,"depth":103,"text":144042},"What strip() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":144044},[144045,144046],{"id":142815,"depth":124,"text":142807},{"id":142866,"depth":124,"text":142812},{"id":142940,"depth":103,"text":144048},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143206,"depth":103,"text":143207},{"id":143365,"depth":103,"text":144051},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":353,"depth":103,"text":354},{"id":143621,"depth":103,"text":144054},"When to use strip()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":144057},[144058,144060,144062,144064,144066],{"id":143952,"depth":124,"text":144059},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":143963,"depth":124,"text":144061},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":143971,"depth":124,"text":144063},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":143980,"depth":124,"text":144065},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":143995,"depth":124,"text":143996},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142613,"description":144068},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144075,"title":144076,"body":144077,"description":145257,"extension":1401,"meta":145258,"navigation":127,"path":145259,"seo":145260,"stem":145261,"__hash__":145262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144078,"toc":145227},[144079,144084,144089,144094,144096,144142,144150,144155,144169,144175,144177,144179,144194,144196,144206,144209,144240,144243,144266,144268,144271,144328,144330,144344,144346,144360,144366,144371,144374,144415,144417,144426,144434,144437,144482,144484,144493,144496,144500,144505,144519,144521,144553,144555,144575,144578,144583,144588,144590,144601,144604,144661,144663,144671,144680,144682,144684,144690,144692,144729,144731,144739,144741,144782,144784,144793,144798,144803,144805,144832,144839,144842,144873,144875,144884,144890,144899,144930,144932,144944,144957,144961,144966,144996,144998,145065,145067,145077,145079,145084,145087,145092,145097,145101,145107,145113,145116,145118,145176,145178,145186,145188,145224],[10,144080,122639,144082,18],{"id":144081},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144083,127517],{},[20,144085,122644,144086,144088],{},[15,144087,127517],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144090,84048,144091,144093],{},[15,144092,127517],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[38,144095,41],{"id":40},[43,144097,144099],{"className":45,"code":144098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144100,144101,144113,144127,144137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144102,144103,144105,144107,144109,144111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144104,34120],{"class":58},[52,144106,63],{"class":62},[52,144108,83],{"class":70},[52,144110,128358],{"class":74},[52,144112,2797],{"class":70},[52,144114,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144116,1668],{"class":58},[52,144118,63],{"class":62},[52,144120,42276],{"class":58},[52,144122,114],{"class":66},[52,144124,33910],{"class":117},[52,144126,121],{"class":66},[52,144128,144129,144131,144133,144135],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144130,135],{"class":134},[52,144132,138],{"class":66},[52,144134,1703],{"class":117},[52,144136,144],{"class":66},[52,144138,144139],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144140,144141],{"class":3105},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144143,144144,144146,144147,144149],{},[15,144145,127517],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,144148,32],{}," change the original string in place.",[38,144151,194,144153,197],{"id":144152},"what-upper-does",[15,144154,127517],{},[163,144156,144157,144162,144165,144167],{},[166,144158,144159,144161],{},[15,144160,127517],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[166,144163,144164],{},"It works on string values only",[166,144166,132887],{},[166,144168,135605],{},[20,144170,124391,144171,456,144173,114],{},[221,144172,135611],{"href":135610},[221,144174,124394],{"href":50412},[38,144176,228],{"id":227},[20,144178,1597],{},[43,144180,144182],{"className":45,"code":144181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.upper()\n",[15,144183,144184],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144185,144186,144188,144190,144192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144187,60610],{"class":58},[52,144189,114],{"class":66},[52,144191,33910],{"class":117},[52,144193,121],{"class":66},[20,144195,10900],{},[163,144197,144198,144200,144203],{},[166,144199,96952],{},[166,144201,144202],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[166,144204,144205],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144207,144208],{},"Example with a variable:",[43,144210,144212],{"className":45,"code":144211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144213,144214,144226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144217,7323],{"class":58},[52,144219,63],{"class":62},[52,144221,83],{"class":70},[52,144223,47],{"class":74},[52,144225,2797],{"class":70},[52,144227,144228,144230,144232,144234,144236,144238],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144229,135],{"class":134},[52,144231,138],{"class":66},[52,144233,7115],{"class":117},[52,144235,114],{"class":66},[52,144237,33910],{"class":117},[52,144239,6640],{"class":66},[20,144241,144242],{},"Example with a string literal:",[43,144244,144246],{"className":45,"code":144245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144247,144248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144249,144250,144252,144254,144256,144258,144260,144262,144264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144251,135],{"class":134},[52,144253,138],{"class":66},[52,144255,71],{"class":70},[52,144257,3288],{"class":74},[52,144259,71],{"class":70},[52,144261,114],{"class":66},[52,144263,33910],{"class":117},[52,144265,6640],{"class":66},[38,144267,10917],{"id":10916},[20,144269,144270],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[43,144272,144274],{"className":45,"code":144273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144275,144276,144288,144303,144307,144317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144277,144278,144280,144282,144284,144286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144279,5601],{"class":58},[52,144281,63],{"class":62},[52,144283,83],{"class":70},[52,144285,86],{"class":74},[52,144287,2797],{"class":70},[52,144289,144290,144293,144295,144297,144299,144301],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144291,144292],{"class":58},"uppercase_word ",[52,144294,63],{"class":62},[52,144296,37814],{"class":58},[52,144298,114],{"class":66},[52,144300,33910],{"class":117},[52,144302,121],{"class":66},[52,144304,144305],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144306,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,144308,144309,144311,144313,144315],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144310,135],{"class":134},[52,144312,138],{"class":66},[52,144314,37824],{"class":117},[52,144316,144],{"class":66},[52,144318,144319,144321,144323,144326],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,144320,135],{"class":134},[52,144322,138],{"class":66},[52,144324,144325],{"class":117},"uppercase_word",[52,144327,144],{"class":66},[20,144329,1509],{},[43,144331,144333],{"className":45,"code":144332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144334,144335,144339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144336,144337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144338,69840],{"class":58},[52,144340,144341],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144342,144343],{"class":33885},"BANANA\n",[20,144345,111753],{},[163,144347,144348,144353],{},[166,144349,144350,144352],{},[15,144351,37824],{}," keeps its original value",[166,144354,144355,144357,144358],{},[15,144356,144325],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144359,127517],{},[38,144361,144363,144365],{"id":144362},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144364,127517],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144367,136271,144368,144370],{},[30,144369,136274],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144372,144373],{},"So this method:",[43,144375,144377],{"className":45,"code":144376,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144378,144379,144391,144401,144405],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144380,144381,144383,144385,144387,144389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144382,7323],{"class":58},[52,144384,63],{"class":62},[52,144386,83],{"class":70},[52,144388,17242],{"class":74},[52,144390,2797],{"class":70},[52,144392,144393,144395,144397,144399],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144394,7115],{"class":58},[52,144396,114],{"class":66},[52,144398,33910],{"class":117},[52,144400,121],{"class":66},[52,144402,144403],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144404,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,144406,144407,144409,144411,144413],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144408,135],{"class":134},[52,144410,138],{"class":66},[52,144412,7115],{"class":117},[52,144414,144],{"class":66},[20,144416,1509],{},[43,144418,144420],{"className":45,"code":144419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"alice\n",[15,144421,144422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144423,144424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144425,144419],{"class":58},[20,144427,20417,144428,144430,144431,144433],{},[15,144429,127517],{}," was called, ",[15,144432,7115],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144435,144436],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[43,144438,144440],{"className":45,"code":144439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144441,144442,144454,144468,144472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144443,144444,144446,144448,144450,144452],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144445,7323],{"class":58},[52,144447,63],{"class":62},[52,144449,83],{"class":70},[52,144451,17242],{"class":74},[52,144453,2797],{"class":70},[52,144455,144456,144458,144460,144462,144464,144466],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144457,7323],{"class":58},[52,144459,63],{"class":62},[52,144461,35425],{"class":58},[52,144463,114],{"class":66},[52,144465,33910],{"class":117},[52,144467,121],{"class":66},[52,144469,144470],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144471,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,144473,144474,144476,144478,144480],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144475,135],{"class":134},[52,144477,138],{"class":66},[52,144479,7115],{"class":117},[52,144481,144],{"class":66},[20,144483,1509],{},[43,144485,144487],{"className":45,"code":144486,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ALICE\n",[15,144488,144489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144490,144491],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144492,144486],{"class":33885},[20,144494,144495],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[38,144497,144499],{"id":144498},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144501,144502,144504],{},[15,144503,127517],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[163,144506,144507,144510,144513,144516],{},[166,144508,144509],{},"Numbers stay the same",[166,144511,144512],{},"Spaces stay the same",[166,144514,144515],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[166,144517,144518],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144520,267],{},[43,144522,144524],{"className":45,"code":144523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144525,144526,144539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144529,34120],{"class":58},[52,144531,63],{"class":62},[52,144533,83],{"class":70},[52,144535,144536],{"class":74},"Room 7, table #3!",[52,144538,2797],{"class":70},[52,144540,144541,144543,144545,144547,144549,144551],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144542,135],{"class":134},[52,144544,138],{"class":66},[52,144546,34141],{"class":117},[52,144548,114],{"class":66},[52,144550,33910],{"class":117},[52,144552,6640],{"class":66},[20,144554,1509],{},[43,144556,144558],{"className":45,"code":144557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144559,144560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144561,144562,144565,144567,144569,144572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144563,144564],{"class":33885},"ROOM",[52,144566,5440],{"class":947},[52,144568,80],{"class":66},[52,144570,144571],{"class":33885}," TABLE",[52,144573,144574],{"class":3105}," #3!\n",[20,144576,144577],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[38,144579,894,144581],{"id":144580},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144582,127517],{},[20,144584,144585,144587],{},[15,144586,127517],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144589,47775],{},[163,144591,144592,144595,144598],{},[166,144593,144594],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[166,144596,144597],{},"Format labels or headings",[166,144599,144600],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144602,144603],{},"Example: simple comparison",[43,144605,144607],{"className":45,"code":144606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144608,144609,144621,144625,144647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144610,144611,144613,144615,144617,144619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144612,135882],{"class":58},[52,144614,63],{"class":62},[52,144616,83],{"class":70},[52,144618,8104],{"class":74},[52,144620,2797],{"class":70},[52,144622,144623],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144624,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,144626,144627,144629,144631,144633,144635,144637,144639,144641,144643,144645],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144628,732],{"class":731},[52,144630,135902],{"class":58},[52,144632,114],{"class":66},[52,144634,33910],{"class":117},[52,144636,6812],{"class":66},[52,144638,5854],{"class":62},[52,144640,83],{"class":70},[52,144642,135889],{"class":74},[52,144644,71],{"class":70},[52,144646,737],{"class":66},[52,144648,144649,144651,144653,144655,144657,144659],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,144650,757],{"class":134},[52,144652,138],{"class":66},[52,144654,71],{"class":70},[52,144656,143086],{"class":74},[52,144658,71],{"class":70},[52,144660,144],{"class":66},[20,144662,1509],{},[43,144664,144665],{"className":45,"code":143095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,144666,144667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144668,144669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144670,143095],{"class":58},[20,144672,144673,144674,1627,144676,1631,144678,114],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144675,8104],{},[15,144677,136675],{},[15,144679,135889],{},[38,144681,1158],{"id":1157},[699,144683,95319],{"id":95318},[20,144685,7563,144686,144689],{},[15,144687,144688],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144691,16083],{},[43,144693,144695],{"className":45,"code":144694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144696,144697,144709,144719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144698,144699,144701,144703,144705,144707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144700,34120],{"class":58},[52,144702,63],{"class":62},[52,144704,83],{"class":70},[52,144706,3288],{"class":74},[52,144708,2797],{"class":70},[52,144710,144711,144713,144715,144717],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144712,34141],{"class":58},[52,144714,114],{"class":66},[52,144716,33910],{"class":117},[52,144718,121],{"class":66},[52,144720,144721,144723,144725,144727],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144722,135],{"class":134},[52,144724,138],{"class":66},[52,144726,34141],{"class":117},[52,144728,144],{"class":66},[20,144730,1509],{},[43,144732,144733],{"className":45,"code":137954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,144734,144735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144736,144737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144738,137954],{"class":58},[20,144740,16095],{},[43,144742,144744],{"className":45,"code":144743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144745,144746,144758,144772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144747,144748,144750,144752,144754,144756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144749,34120],{"class":58},[52,144751,63],{"class":62},[52,144753,83],{"class":70},[52,144755,3288],{"class":74},[52,144757,2797],{"class":70},[52,144759,144760,144762,144764,144766,144768,144770],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144761,34120],{"class":58},[52,144763,63],{"class":62},[52,144765,42276],{"class":58},[52,144767,114],{"class":66},[52,144769,33910],{"class":117},[52,144771,121],{"class":66},[52,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,144775,135],{"class":134},[52,144777,138],{"class":66},[52,144779,34141],{"class":117},[52,144781,144],{"class":66},[20,144783,1509],{},[43,144785,144787],{"className":45,"code":144786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO\n",[15,144788,144789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144790,144791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144792,144786],{"class":33885},[699,144794,18347,144796,136561],{"id":144795},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144797,127517],{},[20,144799,144800,144802],{},[15,144801,127517],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144804,267],{},[43,144806,144808],{"className":45,"code":144807,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144809,144810,144818],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144811,144812,144814,144816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144813,1655],{"class":58},[52,144815,63],{"class":62},[52,144817,124321],{"class":947},[52,144819,144820,144822,144824,144826,144828,144830],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144821,135],{"class":134},[52,144823,138],{"class":66},[52,144825,1678],{"class":117},[52,144827,114],{"class":66},[52,144829,33910],{"class":117},[52,144831,6640],{"class":66},[20,144833,443,144834,144836,144837,33032],{},[15,144835,1626],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144838,127517],{},[20,144840,144841],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[43,144843,144845],{"className":45,"code":144844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144846,144847,144855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144848,144849,144851,144853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144850,1655],{"class":58},[52,144852,63],{"class":62},[52,144854,124321],{"class":947},[52,144856,144857,144859,144861,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144858,135],{"class":134},[52,144860,138],{"class":66},[52,144862,2882],{"class":600},[52,144864,138],{"class":66},[52,144866,1678],{"class":117},[52,144868,8078],{"class":66},[52,144870,33910],{"class":117},[52,144872,6640],{"class":66},[20,144874,1509],{},[43,144876,144878],{"className":45,"code":144877,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"123\n",[15,144879,144880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144881,144882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144883,144877],{"class":947},[699,144885,36636,144887,144889],{"id":144886},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144888,127517],{}," with title case",[20,144891,144892,144894,144895,144898],{},[15,144893,127517],{}," makes ",[30,144896,144897],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[43,144900,144902],{"className":45,"code":144901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144903,144904,144916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144905,144906,144908,144910,144912,144914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144907,34120],{"class":58},[52,144909,63],{"class":62},[52,144911,83],{"class":70},[52,144913,59842],{"class":74},[52,144915,2797],{"class":70},[52,144917,144918,144920,144922,144924,144926,144928],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,144919,135],{"class":134},[52,144921,138],{"class":66},[52,144923,34141],{"class":117},[52,144925,114],{"class":66},[52,144927,33910],{"class":117},[52,144929,6640],{"class":66},[20,144931,1509],{},[43,144933,144935],{"className":45,"code":144934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144936,144937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144938,144939,144941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144940,135663],{"class":33885},[52,144942,144943],{"class":33885}," WORLD\n",[20,144945,144946,144947,144951,144952,144956],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[221,144948,144949],{"href":123366},[15,144950,123369],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[221,144953,144954],{"href":129220},[15,144955,123810],{}," changes parts of a string.",[38,144958,144960],{"id":144959},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,144962,144963,144964,202],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,144965,127517],{},[163,144967,144968,144975,144982,144989],{},[166,144969,144970,144974],{},[221,144971,144972],{"href":123366},[15,144973,123369],{}," for lowercase text",[166,144976,144977,144981],{},[221,144978,144979],{"href":136209},[15,144980,41087],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[166,144983,144984,144988],{},[221,144985,144986],{"href":129220},[15,144987,123810],{}," for changing parts of a string",[166,144990,144991,803,144993,144995],{},[15,144992,127007],{},[15,144994,125697],{}," for checks",[20,144997,267],{},[43,144999,145001],{"className":45,"code":145000,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145002,145003,145015,145019,145034,145050,145054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145004,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145006,34120],{"class":58},[52,145008,63],{"class":62},[52,145010,83],{"class":70},[52,145012,142737],{"class":74},[52,145014,2797],{"class":70},[52,145016,145017],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145018,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,145020,145021,145024,145026,145028,145030,145032],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,145022,145023],{"class":58},"cleaned ",[52,145025,63],{"class":62},[52,145027,42276],{"class":58},[52,145029,114],{"class":66},[52,145031,8081],{"class":117},[52,145033,121],{"class":66},[52,145035,145036,145039,145041,145044,145046,145048],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145037,145038],{"class":58},"loud ",[52,145040,63],{"class":62},[52,145042,145043],{"class":58}," cleaned",[52,145045,114],{"class":66},[52,145047,33910],{"class":117},[52,145049,121],{"class":66},[52,145051,145052],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,145053,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,145055,145056,145058,145060,145063],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,145057,135],{"class":134},[52,145059,138],{"class":66},[52,145061,145062],{"class":117},"loud",[52,145064,144],{"class":66},[20,145066,1509],{},[43,145068,145069],{"className":45,"code":144934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145070,145071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145072,145073,145075],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145074,135663],{"class":33885},[52,145076,144943],{"class":33885},[38,145078,1273],{"id":1272},[699,145080,1277,145082,123966],{"id":145081},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145083,127517],{},[20,145085,145086],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[699,145088,1277,145090,136943],{"id":145089},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145091,127517],{},[20,145093,145094,145095,114],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145096,144688],{},[699,145098,145100],{"id":145099},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145102,145103,145104,145106],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145105,127517],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[699,145108,27767,145110,145112],{"id":145109},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145111,127517],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145114,145115],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145117,267],{},[43,145119,145121],{"className":45,"code":145120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145122,145123,145135,145148,145152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145124,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145126,1993],{"class":58},[52,145128,63],{"class":62},[52,145130,83],{"class":70},[52,145132,47],{"class":74},[52,145134,2797],{"class":70},[52,145136,145137,145139,145141,145143,145146],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145138,2021],{"class":58},[52,145140,63],{"class":62},[52,145142,83],{"class":70},[52,145144,145145],{"class":74},"PYTHON",[52,145147,2797],{"class":70},[52,145149,145150],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,145151,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,145153,145154,145156,145158,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145155,135],{"class":134},[52,145157,138],{"class":66},[52,145159,221],{"class":117},[52,145161,114],{"class":66},[52,145163,33910],{"class":117},[52,145165,6812],{"class":66},[52,145167,5854],{"class":62},[52,145169,1998],{"class":117},[52,145171,114],{"class":66},[52,145173,33910],{"class":117},[52,145175,6640],{"class":66},[20,145177,1509],{},[43,145179,145180],{"className":45,"code":3424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145181,145182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145183,145184],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145185,3424],{"class":3295},[38,145187,1332],{"id":1331},[163,145189,145190,145194,145200,145206,145212,145216,145220],{},[166,145191,145192],{},[221,145193,124394],{"href":50412},[166,145195,145196],{},[221,145197,125639,145198,1070],{"href":123366},[15,145199,123369],{},[166,145201,145202],{},[221,145203,125639,145204,1070],{"href":136209},[15,145205,41087],{},[166,145207,145208],{},[221,145209,125639,145210,1070],{"href":129220},[15,145211,123810],{},[166,145213,145214],{},[221,145215,90113],{"href":89122},[166,145217,145218],{},[221,145219,124038],{"href":122894},[166,145221,145222],{},[221,145223,137029],{"href":135610},[1364,145225,145226],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":145228},[145229,145230,145232,145233,145234,145236,145237,145239,145246,145247,145256],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":144152,"depth":103,"text":145231},"What upper() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":144362,"depth":103,"text":145235},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144498,"depth":103,"text":144499},{"id":144580,"depth":103,"text":145238},"When to use upper()",{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":145240},[145241,145242,145244],{"id":95318,"depth":124,"text":95319},{"id":144795,"depth":124,"text":145243},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144886,"depth":124,"text":145245},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":144959,"depth":103,"text":144960},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":145248},[145249,145251,145253,145254],{"id":145081,"depth":124,"text":145250},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145089,"depth":124,"text":145252},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145099,"depth":124,"text":145100},{"id":145109,"depth":124,"text":145255},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144076,"description":145257},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145264,"title":145265,"body":145266,"description":147143,"extension":1401,"meta":147144,"navigation":127,"path":147145,"seo":147146,"stem":147147,"__hash__":147148},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145267,"toc":147093},[145268,145274,145281,145287,145289,145345,145350,145355,145360,145363,145382,145385,145387,145411,145429,145440,145442,145445,145498,145500,145508,145510,145528,145533,145536,145593,145595,145604,145607,145627,145630,145636,145641,145643,145686,145688,145696,145699,145740,145742,145751,145757,145763,145790,145792,145800,145805,145809,145821,145864,145866,145874,145879,145885,145890,145894,145896,145939,145942,145989,145991,146000,146007,146011,146014,146060,146065,146069,146071,146114,146117,146125,146127,146132,146134,146136,146155,146158,146170,146172,146191,146193,146201,146205,146207,146258,146261,146336,146338,146346,146349,146353,146355,146402,146405,146476,146478,146486,146492,146494,146569,146573,146652,146654,146662,146668,146674,146679,146684,146733,146737,146808,146811,146816,146827,146830,146841,146851,146853,146858,146883,146888,146969,146971,146996,146998,147003,147006,147012,147021,147027,147030,147036,147042,147049,147052,147054,147090],[10,145269,3015,145271,3019],{"id":145270},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145272,145273],{},"sum()",[20,145275,8570,145276,145278,145279,24204],{},[15,145277,145273],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145280,59434],{},[20,145282,145283,145284,145286],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145285,35506],{}," value and a few important limits.",[38,145288,41],{"id":40},[43,145290,145292],{"className":45,"code":145291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145293,145294,145318,145333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145295,145296,145298,145300,145302,145304,145306,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145297,940],{"class":58},[52,145299,63],{"class":62},[52,145301,3063],{"class":66},[52,145303,948],{"class":947},[52,145305,80],{"class":66},[52,145307,953],{"class":947},[52,145309,80],{"class":66},[52,145311,958],{"class":947},[52,145313,80],{"class":66},[52,145315,1896],{"class":947},[52,145317,3076],{"class":66},[52,145319,145320,145322,145324,145327,145329,145331],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145321,40616],{"class":58},[52,145323,63],{"class":62},[52,145325,145326],{"class":134}," sum",[52,145328,138],{"class":66},[52,145330,1037],{"class":117},[52,145332,144],{"class":66},[52,145334,145335,145337,145339,145341,145343],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,145336,135],{"class":134},[52,145338,138],{"class":66},[52,145340,40645],{"class":117},[52,145342,3102],{"class":66},[52,145344,26234],{"class":3105},[20,145346,799,145347,145349],{},[15,145348,145273],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[38,145351,194,145353,197],{"id":145352},"what-sum-does",[15,145354,145273],{},[20,145356,145357,145359],{},[15,145358,145273],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145361,145362],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[163,145364,145365,145368,145371,145376],{},[166,145366,145367],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[166,145369,145370],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[166,145372,145373,145374],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145375,35632],{},[166,145377,145378,145379,145381],{},"Counting ",[15,145380,3044],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145383,145384],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[38,145386,228],{"id":227},[43,145388,145390],{"className":45,"code":145389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145391,145392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145393,145394,145397,145399,145401,145403,145405,145407,145409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145395,145396],{"class":134},"sum",[52,145398,138],{"class":66},[52,145400,3162],{"class":117},[52,145402,80],{"class":66},[52,145404,35485],{"class":8623},[52,145406,63],{"class":62},[52,145408,1558],{"class":947},[52,145410,144],{"class":66},[163,145412,145413,145418,145423],{},[166,145414,145415,145417],{},[15,145416,3162],{}," is the group of values to add",[166,145419,145420,145422],{},[15,145421,35506],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[166,145424,145425,145426],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145427,145428],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145430,145431,145432,145435,145436,114],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145433,145434,3162],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[221,145437,145438,24057],{"href":35629},[15,145439,35632],{},[38,145441,10917],{"id":10916},[20,145443,145444],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[43,145446,145448],{"className":45,"code":145447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145449,145450,145470,145484,145488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145451,145452,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145453,940],{"class":58},[52,145455,63],{"class":62},[52,145457,3063],{"class":66},[52,145459,1131],{"class":947},[52,145461,80],{"class":66},[52,145463,5451],{"class":947},[52,145465,80],{"class":66},[52,145467,37369],{"class":947},[52,145469,3076],{"class":66},[52,145471,145472,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145473,40616],{"class":58},[52,145475,63],{"class":62},[52,145477,145326],{"class":134},[52,145479,138],{"class":66},[52,145481,1037],{"class":117},[52,145483,144],{"class":66},[52,145485,145486],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,145487,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,145489,145490,145492,145494,145496],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145491,135],{"class":134},[52,145493,138],{"class":66},[52,145495,40645],{"class":117},[52,145497,144],{"class":66},[20,145499,1509],{},[43,145501,145502],{"className":45,"code":69276,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145503,145504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145505,145506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145507,69276],{"class":947},[20,145509,11126],{},[163,145511,145512,145517,145523],{},[166,145513,145514,145516],{},[15,145515,1037],{}," contains three integers",[166,145518,145519,145522],{},[15,145520,145521],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[166,145524,145525,145526],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145527,40645],{},[38,145529,36045,145531,7880],{"id":145530},"using-the-start-value",[15,145532,35506],{},[20,145534,145535],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[43,145537,145539],{"className":45,"code":145538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145540,145541,145561,145579,145583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145542,145543,145545,145547,145549,145551,145553,145555,145557,145559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145544,940],{"class":58},[52,145546,63],{"class":62},[52,145548,3063],{"class":66},[52,145550,948],{"class":947},[52,145552,80],{"class":66},[52,145554,953],{"class":947},[52,145556,80],{"class":66},[52,145558,958],{"class":947},[52,145560,3076],{"class":66},[52,145562,145563,145565,145567,145569,145571,145573,145575,145577],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145564,40616],{"class":58},[52,145566,63],{"class":62},[52,145568,145326],{"class":134},[52,145570,138],{"class":66},[52,145572,1037],{"class":117},[52,145574,80],{"class":66},[52,145576,5451],{"class":947},[52,145578,144],{"class":66},[52,145580,145581],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,145582,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,145584,145585,145587,145589,145591],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,145586,135],{"class":134},[52,145588,138],{"class":66},[52,145590,40645],{"class":117},[52,145592,144],{"class":66},[20,145594,1509],{},[43,145596,145598],{"className":45,"code":145597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"16\n",[15,145599,145600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145601,145602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145603,145597],{"class":947},[20,145605,145606],{},"This works like:",[163,145608,145609,145614,145619,145623],{},[166,145610,145611,145612],{},"Start at ",[15,145613,1770],{},[166,145615,145616,145617],{},"Add ",[15,145618,948],{},[166,145620,145616,145621],{},[15,145622,1047],{},[166,145624,145616,145625],{},[15,145626,1500],{},[20,145628,145629],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[38,145631,194,145633,145635],{"id":145632},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145634,145273],{}," can work with",[20,145637,145638,145640],{},[15,145639,145273],{}," works with numeric values.",[699,145642,39858],{"id":39857},[43,145644,145646],{"className":45,"code":145645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145647,145648,145672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145649,145650,145652,145654,145656,145658,145660,145662,145664,145666,145668,145670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145651,3265],{"class":58},[52,145653,63],{"class":62},[52,145655,3063],{"class":66},[52,145657,948],{"class":947},[52,145659,80],{"class":66},[52,145661,953],{"class":947},[52,145663,80],{"class":66},[52,145665,958],{"class":947},[52,145667,80],{"class":66},[52,145669,1896],{"class":947},[52,145671,3076],{"class":66},[52,145673,145674,145676,145678,145680,145682,145684],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145675,135],{"class":134},[52,145677,138],{"class":66},[52,145679,145396],{"class":134},[52,145681,138],{"class":66},[52,145683,4804],{"class":117},[52,145685,1222],{"class":66},[20,145687,1509],{},[43,145689,145690],{"className":45,"code":1816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145691,145692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145693,145694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145695,1816],{"class":947},[699,145697,145698],{"id":51483},"Floats",[43,145700,145702],{"className":45,"code":145701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145703,145704,145726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145705,145706,145708,145710,145712,145714,145716,145719,145721,145724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145707,82480],{"class":58},[52,145709,63],{"class":62},[52,145711,3063],{"class":66},[52,145713,40592],{"class":947},[52,145715,80],{"class":66},[52,145717,145718],{"class":947}," 3.75",[52,145720,80],{"class":66},[52,145722,145723],{"class":947}," 1.25",[52,145725,3076],{"class":66},[52,145727,145728,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145729,135],{"class":134},[52,145731,138],{"class":66},[52,145733,145396],{"class":134},[52,145735,138],{"class":66},[52,145737,82516],{"class":117},[52,145739,1222],{"class":66},[20,145741,1509],{},[43,145743,145745],{"className":45,"code":145744,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.5\n",[15,145746,145747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145748,145749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145750,145744],{"class":947},[20,145752,145753,145754,114],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[221,145755,145756],{"href":1859},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[699,145758,145760,145761],{"id":145759},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145762,35632],{},[43,145764,145766],{"className":45,"code":145765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145767,145768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145769,145770,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145771,135],{"class":134},[52,145773,138],{"class":66},[52,145775,145396],{"class":134},[52,145777,138],{"class":66},[52,145779,59434],{"class":134},[52,145781,138],{"class":66},[52,145783,948],{"class":947},[52,145785,80],{"class":66},[52,145787,37076],{"class":947},[52,145789,2350],{"class":66},[20,145791,1509],{},[43,145793,145794],{"className":45,"code":46476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145795,145796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145797,145798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145799,46476],{"class":947},[20,145801,112843,145802,114],{},[15,145803,145804],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[699,145806,145808],{"id":145807},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145810,145811,145812,145814,145815,803,145817,145814,145819,114],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145813,3044],{}," acts like ",[15,145816,948],{},[15,145818,3116],{},[15,145820,1558],{},[43,145822,145824],{"className":45,"code":145823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145825,145826,145850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145827,145828,145830,145832,145834,145836,145838,145840,145842,145844,145846,145848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145829,51403],{"class":58},[52,145831,63],{"class":62},[52,145833,3063],{"class":66},[52,145835,3044],{"class":3295},[52,145837,80],{"class":66},[52,145839,3351],{"class":3295},[52,145841,80],{"class":66},[52,145843,3360],{"class":3295},[52,145845,80],{"class":66},[52,145847,3360],{"class":3295},[52,145849,3076],{"class":66},[52,145851,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145853,135],{"class":134},[52,145855,138],{"class":66},[52,145857,145396],{"class":134},[52,145859,138],{"class":66},[52,145861,51456],{"class":117},[52,145863,1222],{"class":66},[20,145865,1509],{},[43,145867,145868],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145869,145870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145871,145872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145873,46052],{"class":947},[20,145875,145876,145877,114],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145878,3044],{},[38,145880,194,145882,145884],{"id":145881},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145883,145273],{}," does not work with",[20,145886,145887,145889],{},[15,145888,145273],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[699,145891,145893],{"id":145892},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145895,2275],{},[43,145897,145899],{"className":45,"code":145898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145900,145901,145925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145902,145903,145905,145907,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145904,3515],{"class":58},[52,145906,63],{"class":62},[52,145908,3063],{"class":66},[52,145910,71],{"class":70},[52,145912,3288],{"class":74},[52,145914,71],{"class":70},[52,145916,80],{"class":66},[52,145918,83],{"class":70},[52,145920,60027],{"class":74},[52,145922,71],{"class":70},[52,145924,3076],{"class":66},[52,145926,145927,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145928,135],{"class":134},[52,145930,138],{"class":66},[52,145932,145396],{"class":134},[52,145934,138],{"class":66},[52,145936,3556],{"class":117},[52,145938,1222],{"class":66},[20,145940,145941],{},"Use string joining instead:",[43,145943,145945],{"className":45,"code":145944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,145946,145947,145971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145948,145949,145951,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145950,3515],{"class":58},[52,145952,63],{"class":62},[52,145954,3063],{"class":66},[52,145956,71],{"class":70},[52,145958,3288],{"class":74},[52,145960,71],{"class":70},[52,145962,80],{"class":66},[52,145964,83],{"class":70},[52,145966,60027],{"class":74},[52,145968,71],{"class":70},[52,145970,3076],{"class":66},[52,145972,145973,145975,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,145974,135],{"class":134},[52,145976,138],{"class":66},[52,145978,5719],{"class":70},[52,145980,114],{"class":66},[52,145982,132798],{"class":117},[52,145984,138],{"class":66},[52,145986,3556],{"class":117},[52,145988,1222],{"class":66},[20,145990,1509],{},[43,145992,145994],{"className":45,"code":145993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"helloworld\n",[15,145995,145996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145997,145998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145999,145993],{"class":58},[20,146001,146002,146003,114],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[221,146004,146005,5230],{"href":41609},[15,146006,47119],{},[699,146008,146010],{"id":146009},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146012,146013],{},"This also causes an error:",[43,146015,146017],{"className":45,"code":146016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146018,146019,146046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146020,146021,146024,146026,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038,146040,146042,146044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146022,146023],{"class":58},"lists ",[52,146025,63],{"class":62},[52,146027,55729],{"class":66},[52,146029,948],{"class":947},[52,146031,80],{"class":66},[52,146033,953],{"class":947},[52,146035,17501],{"class":66},[52,146037,3063],{"class":66},[52,146039,1500],{"class":947},[52,146041,80],{"class":66},[52,146043,1896],{"class":947},[52,146045,52680],{"class":66},[52,146047,146048,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146049,135],{"class":134},[52,146051,138],{"class":66},[52,146053,145396],{"class":134},[52,146055,138],{"class":66},[52,146057,4745],{"class":117},[52,146059,1222],{"class":66},[20,146061,146062,146064],{},[15,146063,145273],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[699,146066,146068],{"id":146067},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146070,4918],{},[43,146072,146074],{"className":45,"code":146073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146075,146076,146100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146077,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088,146090,146092,146094,146096,146098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146079,3265],{"class":58},[52,146081,63],{"class":62},[52,146083,3063],{"class":66},[52,146085,948],{"class":947},[52,146087,80],{"class":66},[52,146089,953],{"class":947},[52,146091,80],{"class":66},[52,146093,83],{"class":70},[52,146095,1500],{"class":74},[52,146097,71],{"class":70},[52,146099,3076],{"class":66},[52,146101,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110,146112],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146103,135],{"class":134},[52,146105,138],{"class":66},[52,146107,145396],{"class":134},[52,146109,138],{"class":66},[52,146111,4804],{"class":117},[52,146113,1222],{"class":66},[20,146115,146116],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146118,146119,146120,146122,146123,114],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146121,65381],{},", convert them first. See ",[221,146124,2401],{"href":2400},[38,146126,40938],{"id":40937},[20,146128,146129,146130,114],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146131,145273],{},[699,146133,5970],{"id":5969},[20,146135,3968],{},[43,146137,146139],{"className":45,"code":146138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146140,146141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146142,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151,146153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146144,135],{"class":134},[52,146146,138],{"class":66},[52,146148,145396],{"class":134},[52,146150,138],{"class":66},[52,146152,1131],{"class":947},[52,146154,1222],{"class":66},[20,146156,146157],{},"Why it fails:",[163,146159,146160,146165],{},[166,146161,146162,146164],{},[15,146163,1131],{}," is a single integer",[166,146166,146167,146169],{},[15,146168,145273],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146171,6000],{},[43,146173,146175],{"className":45,"code":146174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146176,146177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146178,146179,146181,146183,146185,146187,146189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146180,135],{"class":134},[52,146182,138],{"class":66},[52,146184,145396],{"class":134},[52,146186,2424],{"class":66},[52,146188,1131],{"class":947},[52,146190,2437],{"class":66},[20,146192,1509],{},[43,146194,146195],{"className":45,"code":2385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146196,146197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146198,146199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146200,2385],{"class":947},[699,146202,146204],{"id":146203},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146206,3968],{},[43,146208,146210],{"className":45,"code":146209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146211,146212,146244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146213,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146215,3265],{"class":58},[52,146217,63],{"class":62},[52,146219,3063],{"class":66},[52,146221,71],{"class":70},[52,146223,948],{"class":74},[52,146225,71],{"class":70},[52,146227,80],{"class":66},[52,146229,83],{"class":70},[52,146231,1047],{"class":74},[52,146233,71],{"class":70},[52,146235,80],{"class":66},[52,146237,83],{"class":70},[52,146239,1500],{"class":74},[52,146241,71],{"class":70},[52,146243,3076],{"class":66},[52,146245,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146247,135],{"class":134},[52,146249,138],{"class":66},[52,146251,145396],{"class":134},[52,146253,138],{"class":66},[52,146255,4804],{"class":117},[52,146257,1222],{"class":66},[20,146259,146260],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[43,146262,146264],{"className":45,"code":146263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146265,146266,146298,146326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146267,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288,146290,146292,146294,146296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146269,3265],{"class":58},[52,146271,63],{"class":62},[52,146273,3063],{"class":66},[52,146275,71],{"class":70},[52,146277,948],{"class":74},[52,146279,71],{"class":70},[52,146281,80],{"class":66},[52,146283,83],{"class":70},[52,146285,1047],{"class":74},[52,146287,71],{"class":70},[52,146289,80],{"class":66},[52,146291,83],{"class":70},[52,146293,1500],{"class":74},[52,146295,71],{"class":70},[52,146297,3076],{"class":66},[52,146299,146300,146302,146304,146306,146308,146310,146312,146314,146316,146318,146320,146322,146324],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146301,40616],{"class":58},[52,146303,63],{"class":62},[52,146305,145326],{"class":134},[52,146307,138],{"class":66},[52,146309,1626],{"class":600},[52,146311,138],{"class":66},[52,146313,1611],{"class":117},[52,146315,3102],{"class":66},[52,146317,3320],{"class":731},[52,146319,3323],{"class":117},[52,146321,3326],{"class":731},[52,146323,3329],{"class":117},[52,146325,144],{"class":66},[52,146327,146328,146330,146332,146334],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,146329,135],{"class":134},[52,146331,138],{"class":66},[52,146333,40645],{"class":117},[52,146335,144],{"class":66},[20,146337,1509],{},[43,146339,146340],{"className":45,"code":2094,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146341,146342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146343,146344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146345,2094],{"class":947},[20,146347,146348],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[699,146350,146352],{"id":146351},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146354,3968],{},[43,146356,146358],{"className":45,"code":146357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146359,146360,146388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146361,146362,146364,146366,146368,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146363,3265],{"class":58},[52,146365,63],{"class":62},[52,146367,3063],{"class":66},[52,146369,948],{"class":947},[52,146371,80],{"class":66},[52,146373,953],{"class":947},[52,146375,80],{"class":66},[52,146377,83],{"class":70},[52,146379,1500],{"class":74},[52,146381,71],{"class":70},[52,146383,80],{"class":66},[52,146385,1896],{"class":947},[52,146387,3076],{"class":66},[52,146389,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398,146400],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146391,135],{"class":134},[52,146393,138],{"class":66},[52,146395,145396],{"class":134},[52,146397,138],{"class":66},[52,146399,4804],{"class":117},[52,146401,1222],{"class":66},[20,146403,146404],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[43,146406,146408],{"className":45,"code":146407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146409,146410,146438,146466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146411,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434,146436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146413,3265],{"class":58},[52,146415,63],{"class":62},[52,146417,3063],{"class":66},[52,146419,948],{"class":947},[52,146421,80],{"class":66},[52,146423,953],{"class":947},[52,146425,80],{"class":66},[52,146427,83],{"class":70},[52,146429,1500],{"class":74},[52,146431,71],{"class":70},[52,146433,80],{"class":66},[52,146435,1896],{"class":947},[52,146437,3076],{"class":66},[52,146439,146440,146442,146444,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456,146458,146460,146462,146464],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146441,40616],{"class":58},[52,146443,63],{"class":62},[52,146445,145326],{"class":134},[52,146447,138],{"class":66},[52,146449,1626],{"class":600},[52,146451,138],{"class":66},[52,146453,1611],{"class":117},[52,146455,3102],{"class":66},[52,146457,3320],{"class":731},[52,146459,3323],{"class":117},[52,146461,3326],{"class":731},[52,146463,3329],{"class":117},[52,146465,144],{"class":66},[52,146467,146468,146470,146472,146474],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,146469,135],{"class":134},[52,146471,138],{"class":66},[52,146473,40645],{"class":117},[52,146475,144],{"class":66},[20,146477,1509],{},[43,146479,146480],{"className":45,"code":1816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146481,146482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146483,146484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146485,1816],{"class":947},[699,146487,1185,146489,146491],{"id":146488},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146490,145273],{}," to join text",[20,146493,3968],{},[43,146495,146497],{"className":45,"code":146496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146498,146499,146555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146500,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513,146515,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545,146547,146549,146551,146553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146502,35524],{"class":58},[52,146504,63],{"class":62},[52,146506,3063],{"class":66},[52,146508,71],{"class":70},[52,146510,133397],{"class":74},[52,146512,71],{"class":70},[52,146514,80],{"class":66},[52,146516,83],{"class":70},[52,146518,11188],{"class":74},[52,146520,71],{"class":70},[52,146522,80],{"class":66},[52,146524,83],{"class":70},[52,146526,62722],{"class":74},[52,146528,71],{"class":70},[52,146530,80],{"class":66},[52,146532,83],{"class":70},[52,146534,59874],{"class":74},[52,146536,71],{"class":70},[52,146538,80],{"class":66},[52,146540,83],{"class":70},[52,146542,59909],{"class":74},[52,146544,71],{"class":70},[52,146546,80],{"class":66},[52,146548,83],{"class":70},[52,146550,75462],{"class":74},[52,146552,71],{"class":70},[52,146554,3076],{"class":66},[52,146556,146557,146559,146561,146563,146565,146567],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146558,135],{"class":134},[52,146560,138],{"class":66},[52,146562,145396],{"class":134},[52,146564,138],{"class":66},[52,146566,35577],{"class":117},[52,146568,1222],{"class":66},[20,146570,799,146571,59968],{},[15,146572,132721],{},[43,146574,146576],{"className":45,"code":146575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146577,146578,146634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146579,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146581,35524],{"class":58},[52,146583,63],{"class":62},[52,146585,3063],{"class":66},[52,146587,71],{"class":70},[52,146589,133397],{"class":74},[52,146591,71],{"class":70},[52,146593,80],{"class":66},[52,146595,83],{"class":70},[52,146597,11188],{"class":74},[52,146599,71],{"class":70},[52,146601,80],{"class":66},[52,146603,83],{"class":70},[52,146605,62722],{"class":74},[52,146607,71],{"class":70},[52,146609,80],{"class":66},[52,146611,83],{"class":70},[52,146613,59874],{"class":74},[52,146615,71],{"class":70},[52,146617,80],{"class":66},[52,146619,83],{"class":70},[52,146621,59909],{"class":74},[52,146623,71],{"class":70},[52,146625,80],{"class":66},[52,146627,83],{"class":70},[52,146629,75462],{"class":74},[52,146631,71],{"class":70},[52,146633,3076],{"class":66},[52,146635,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646,146648,146650],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146637,135],{"class":134},[52,146639,138],{"class":66},[52,146641,5719],{"class":70},[52,146643,114],{"class":66},[52,146645,132798],{"class":117},[52,146647,138],{"class":66},[52,146649,35577],{"class":117},[52,146651,1222],{"class":66},[20,146653,1509],{},[43,146655,146656],{"className":45,"code":133478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,146657,146658],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146659,146660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146661,133478],{"class":58},[20,146663,146664,146665,114],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[221,146666,146667],{"href":134559},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[38,146669,146671,146673],{"id":146670},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146672,145273],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146675,146676,146678],{},[15,146677,145273],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[699,146680,1185,146682],{"id":146681},"using-sum",[15,146683,145273],{},[43,146685,146687],{"className":45,"code":146686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146688,146689,146709,146723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146690,146691,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703,146705,146707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146692,940],{"class":58},[52,146694,63],{"class":62},[52,146696,3063],{"class":66},[52,146698,1943],{"class":947},[52,146700,80],{"class":66},[52,146702,5440],{"class":947},[52,146704,80],{"class":66},[52,146706,53574],{"class":947},[52,146708,3076],{"class":66},[52,146710,146711,146713,146715,146717,146719,146721],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146712,40616],{"class":58},[52,146714,63],{"class":62},[52,146716,145326],{"class":134},[52,146718,138],{"class":66},[52,146720,1037],{"class":117},[52,146722,144],{"class":66},[52,146724,146725,146727,146729,146731],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,146726,135],{"class":134},[52,146728,138],{"class":66},[52,146730,40645],{"class":117},[52,146732,144],{"class":66},[699,146734,146736],{"id":146735},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[43,146738,146740],{"className":45,"code":146739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146741,146742,146762,146770,146774,146786,146794,146798],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146743,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146745,940],{"class":58},[52,146747,63],{"class":62},[52,146749,3063],{"class":66},[52,146751,1943],{"class":947},[52,146753,80],{"class":66},[52,146755,5440],{"class":947},[52,146757,80],{"class":66},[52,146759,53574],{"class":947},[52,146761,3076],{"class":66},[52,146763,146764,146766,146768],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146765,40616],{"class":58},[52,146767,63],{"class":62},[52,146769,37946],{"class":947},[52,146771,146772],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,146773,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,146775,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,146777,5405],{"class":731},[52,146779,5833],{"class":58},[52,146781,3326],{"class":731},[52,146783,970],{"class":58},[52,146785,737],{"class":66},[52,146787,146788,146790,146792],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,146789,89537],{"class":58},[52,146791,89540],{"class":62},[52,146793,89543],{"class":58},[52,146795,146796],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,146797,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,146799,146800,146802,146804,146806],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,146801,135],{"class":134},[52,146803,138],{"class":66},[52,146805,40645],{"class":117},[52,146807,144],{"class":66},[20,146809,146810],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146812,1927,146813,146815],{},[15,146814,145273],{}," is often better:",[163,146817,146818,146821,146824],{},[166,146819,146820],{},"Shorter code",[166,146822,146823],{},"Easier to read",[166,146825,146826],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146828,146829],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[163,146831,146832,146835,146838],{},[166,146833,146834],{},"You need to skip some values",[166,146836,146837],{},"You need extra checks",[166,146839,146840],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146842,146843,146844,146847,146848,146850],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[221,146845,146846],{"href":39441},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146849,145273],{}," on the filtered result.",[38,146852,1158],{"id":1157},[20,146854,146855,146856,202],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146857,145273],{},[163,146859,146860,146866,146873,146880],{},[166,146861,146862,146863],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146864,146865],{},"sum(5)",[166,146867,146868,146869,146872],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146870,146871],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[166,146874,1185,146875,146877,146878],{},[15,146876,145273],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146879,132721],{},[166,146881,146882],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146884,8322,146885,146887],{},[15,146886,145273],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[43,146889,146891],{"className":45,"code":146890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146892,146893,146903,146917,146941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,146894,146895,146897,146899,146901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,146896,135],{"class":134},[52,146898,138],{"class":66},[52,146900,4804],{"class":117},[52,146902,144],{"class":66},[52,146904,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,146906,135],{"class":134},[52,146908,138],{"class":66},[52,146910,1231],{"class":600},[52,146912,138],{"class":66},[52,146914,4804],{"class":117},[52,146916,1222],{"class":66},[52,146918,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935,146937,146939],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,146920,135],{"class":134},[52,146922,2424],{"class":66},[52,146924,1231],{"class":600},[52,146926,138],{"class":66},[52,146928,1611],{"class":117},[52,146930,3102],{"class":66},[52,146932,3320],{"class":731},[52,146934,3323],{"class":117},[52,146936,3326],{"class":731},[52,146938,3329],{"class":117},[52,146940,3332],{"class":66},[52,146942,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953,146955,146957,146959,146961,146963,146965,146967],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,146944,135],{"class":134},[52,146946,138],{"class":66},[52,146948,145396],{"class":134},[52,146950,2424],{"class":66},[52,146952,1626],{"class":600},[52,146954,138],{"class":66},[52,146956,1611],{"class":117},[52,146958,3102],{"class":66},[52,146960,3320],{"class":731},[52,146962,3323],{"class":117},[52,146964,3326],{"class":731},[52,146966,3329],{"class":117},[52,146968,2437],{"class":66},[20,146970,135292],{},[163,146972,146973,146979,146985,146990],{},[166,146974,146975,146978],{},[15,146976,146977],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[166,146980,146981,146984],{},[15,146982,146983],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[166,146986,146987,135314],{},[15,146988,146989],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[166,146991,146992,146995],{},[15,146993,146994],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[38,146997,1273],{"id":1272},[699,146999,4586,147001,4589],{"id":147000},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147002,145273],{},[20,147004,147005],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[699,147007,4614,147009,147011],{"id":147008},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147010,145273],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147013,29700,147014,456,147017,147020],{},[15,147015,147016],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147018,147019],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[699,147022,4614,147024,147026],{"id":147023},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147025,145273],{}," work with floats?",[20,147028,147029],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[699,147031,147033,147034,1293],{"id":147032},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147035,145273],{},[20,147037,147038,147039,147041],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147040,35506],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[699,147043,4602,147045,118677,147047,1293],{"id":147044},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147046,145273],{},[15,147048,2443],{},[20,147050,147051],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[38,147053,1332],{"id":1331},[163,147055,147056,147060,147066,147072,147078,147082,147086],{},[166,147057,147058],{},[221,147059,145756],{"href":1859},[166,147061,147062],{},[221,147063,3015,147064,2948],{"href":35629},[15,147065,35632],{},[166,147067,147068],{},[221,147069,3015,147070,2948],{"href":41792},[15,147071,41795],{},[166,147073,147074],{},[221,147075,3015,147076,2948],{"href":41609},[15,147077,47119],{},[166,147079,147080],{},[221,147081,4666],{"href":39441},[166,147083,147084],{},[221,147085,2965],{"href":2400},[166,147087,147088],{},[221,147089,146667],{"href":134559},[1364,147091,147092],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":147094},[147095,147096,147098,147099,147100,147102,147110,147116,147123,147129,147130,147142],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":145352,"depth":103,"text":147097},"What sum() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":145530,"depth":103,"text":147101},"Using the start value",{"id":145632,"depth":103,"text":147103,"children":147104},"What sum() can work with",[147105,147106,147107,147109],{"id":39857,"depth":124,"text":39858},{"id":51483,"depth":124,"text":145698},{"id":145759,"depth":124,"text":147108},"Values from range()",{"id":145807,"depth":124,"text":145808},{"id":145881,"depth":103,"text":147111,"children":147112},"What sum() does not work with",[147113,147114,147115],{"id":145892,"depth":124,"text":145893},{"id":146009,"depth":124,"text":146010},{"id":146067,"depth":124,"text":146068},{"id":40937,"depth":103,"text":40938,"children":147117},[147118,147119,147120,147121],{"id":5969,"depth":124,"text":5970},{"id":146203,"depth":124,"text":146204},{"id":146351,"depth":124,"text":146352},{"id":146488,"depth":124,"text":147122},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146670,"depth":103,"text":147124,"children":147125},"sum() vs manual loop",[147126,147128],{"id":146681,"depth":124,"text":147127},"Using sum()",{"id":146735,"depth":124,"text":146736},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":147131},[147132,147134,147136,147138,147140],{"id":147000,"depth":124,"text":147133},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147008,"depth":124,"text":147135},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147023,"depth":124,"text":147137},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147032,"depth":124,"text":147139},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147044,"depth":124,"text":147141},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145265,"description":147143},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147150,"title":147151,"body":147152,"description":148554,"extension":1401,"meta":148555,"navigation":127,"path":148556,"seo":148557,"stem":148558,"__hash__":148559},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147153,"toc":148522},[147154,147160,147166,147169,147232,147238,147243,147247,147264,147278,147282,147302,147316,147318,147411,147413,147427,147429,147432,147521,147523,147531,147540,147542,147546,147567,147569,147661,147663,147684,147686,147690,147704,147706,147780,147782,147801,147805,147808,147831,147833,147944,147951,147959,147961,147967,147970,148013,148016,148039,148047,148051,148126,148132,148157,148164,148167,148170,148174,148179,148267,148275,148279,148282,148307,148311,148372,148376,148425,148435,148437,148442,148445,148451,148454,148458,148462,148468,148471,148479,148487,148489,148519],[10,147155,147157,147158,18],{"id":147156},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147159,56726],{},[20,147161,147162,147165],{},[15,147163,147164],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147167,147168],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[43,147170,147172],{"className":45,"code":147171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147173,147174,147202,147220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147175,147176,147178,147180,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190,147192,147194,147196,147198,147200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147177,940],{"class":58},[52,147179,63],{"class":62},[52,147181,8684],{"class":66},[52,147183,948],{"class":947},[52,147185,80],{"class":66},[52,147187,953],{"class":947},[52,147189,80],{"class":66},[52,147191,953],{"class":947},[52,147193,80],{"class":66},[52,147195,958],{"class":947},[52,147197,80],{"class":66},[52,147199,953],{"class":947},[52,147201,144],{"class":66},[52,147203,147204,147206,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,147205,1668],{"class":58},[52,147207,63],{"class":62},[52,147209,970],{"class":58},[52,147211,114],{"class":66},[52,147213,40693],{"class":117},[52,147215,138],{"class":66},[52,147217,1047],{"class":947},[52,147219,144],{"class":66},[52,147221,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,147223,135],{"class":134},[52,147225,138],{"class":66},[52,147227,1703],{"class":117},[52,147229,3102],{"class":66},[52,147231,50207],{"class":3105},[20,147233,799,147234,147237],{},[15,147235,147236],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[38,147239,194,147241,197],{"id":147240},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147242,147164],{},[20,147244,147245,202],{},[15,147246,147236],{},[163,147248,147249,147255,147258,147261],{},[166,147250,147251,147252,147254],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147253,985],{}," appears in the tuple",[166,147256,147257],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[166,147259,147260],{},"Returns an integer",[166,147262,147263],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147265,147266,147267,147269,147270,456,147274,114],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147268,56726],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[221,147271,147273],{"href":147272},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[221,147275,147277],{"href":147276},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[38,147279,147281],{"id":147280},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[43,147283,147285],{"className":45,"code":147284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147286,147287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147288,147289,147292,147294,147296,147298,147300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147290,147291],{"class":58},"my_tuple",[52,147293,114],{"class":66},[52,147295,40693],{"class":117},[52,147297,138],{"class":66},[52,147299,985],{"class":117},[52,147301,144],{"class":66},[163,147303,147304,147308,147311],{},[166,147305,147306,56891],{},[15,147307,985],{},[166,147309,147310],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[166,147312,147313,147314],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147315,1558],{},[699,147317,102526],{"id":102525},[43,147319,147321],{"className":45,"code":147320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147322,147323,147363,147387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147324,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345,147347,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147326,277],{"class":58},[52,147328,63],{"class":62},[52,147330,8684],{"class":66},[52,147332,71],{"class":70},[52,147334,286],{"class":74},[52,147336,71],{"class":70},[52,147338,80],{"class":66},[52,147340,83],{"class":70},[52,147342,295],{"class":74},[52,147344,71],{"class":70},[52,147346,80],{"class":66},[52,147348,83],{"class":70},[52,147350,286],{"class":74},[52,147352,71],{"class":70},[52,147354,80],{"class":66},[52,147356,83],{"class":70},[52,147358,304],{"class":74},[52,147360,71],{"class":70},[52,147362,144],{"class":66},[52,147364,147365,147367,147369,147371,147373,147375,147377,147379,147381,147383,147385],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,147366,135],{"class":134},[52,147368,138],{"class":66},[52,147370,348],{"class":117},[52,147372,114],{"class":66},[52,147374,40693],{"class":117},[52,147376,138],{"class":66},[52,147378,71],{"class":70},[52,147380,286],{"class":74},[52,147382,71],{"class":70},[52,147384,4807],{"class":66},[52,147386,57081],{"class":3105},[52,147388,147389,147391,147393,147395,147397,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,147390,135],{"class":134},[52,147392,138],{"class":66},[52,147394,348],{"class":117},[52,147396,114],{"class":66},[52,147398,40693],{"class":117},[52,147400,138],{"class":66},[52,147402,71],{"class":70},[52,147404,21964],{"class":74},[52,147406,71],{"class":70},[52,147408,4807],{"class":66},[52,147410,50684],{"class":3105},[20,147412,19396],{},[163,147414,147415,147420],{},[166,147416,147417,147419],{},[15,147418,64828],{}," appears 2 times",[166,147421,147422,147424,147425],{},[15,147423,109088],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147426,1558],{},[38,147428,10917],{"id":10916},[20,147430,147431],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[43,147433,147435],{"className":45,"code":147434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147436,147437,147485,147489,147511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147438,147439,147441,147443,147445,147447,147449,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469,147471,147473,147475,147477,147479,147481,147483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147440,393],{"class":58},[52,147442,63],{"class":62},[52,147444,8684],{"class":66},[52,147446,71],{"class":70},[52,147448,75],{"class":74},[52,147450,71],{"class":70},[52,147452,80],{"class":66},[52,147454,83],{"class":70},[52,147456,86],{"class":74},[52,147458,71],{"class":70},[52,147460,80],{"class":66},[52,147462,83],{"class":70},[52,147464,75],{"class":74},[52,147466,71],{"class":70},[52,147468,80],{"class":66},[52,147470,83],{"class":70},[52,147472,32652],{"class":74},[52,147474,71],{"class":70},[52,147476,80],{"class":66},[52,147478,83],{"class":70},[52,147480,75],{"class":74},[52,147482,71],{"class":70},[52,147484,144],{"class":66},[52,147486,147487],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,147488,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,147490,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,147492,1668],{"class":58},[52,147494,63],{"class":62},[52,147496,52289],{"class":58},[52,147498,114],{"class":66},[52,147500,40693],{"class":117},[52,147502,138],{"class":66},[52,147504,71],{"class":70},[52,147506,75],{"class":74},[52,147508,71],{"class":70},[52,147510,144],{"class":66},[52,147512,147513,147515,147517,147519],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147514,135],{"class":134},[52,147516,138],{"class":66},[52,147518,1703],{"class":117},[52,147520,144],{"class":66},[20,147522,1509],{},[43,147524,147525],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,147526,147527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147528,147529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147530,46052],{"class":947},[20,147532,147533,147535,147536,1837,147538,114],{},[15,147534,57269],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147537,56726],{},[15,147539,1500],{},[38,147541,37453],{"id":37452},[20,147543,56980,147544,128027],{},[15,147545,56726],{},[163,147547,147548,147553,147558,147561],{},[166,147549,10865,147550,147552],{},[15,147551,1558],{}," when the value does not exist",[166,147554,10865,147555,147557],{},[15,147556,948],{}," when the value appears once",[166,147559,147560],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[166,147562,147563,147564,147566],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147565,732],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147568,267],{},[43,147570,147572],{"className":45,"code":147571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147573,147574,147615,147619,147646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147575,147576,147579,147581,147583,147585,147587,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599,147601,147603,147605,147607,147609,147611,147613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147577,147578],{"class":58},"answers ",[52,147580,63],{"class":62},[52,147582,8684],{"class":66},[52,147584,71],{"class":70},[52,147586,8104],{"class":74},[52,147588,71],{"class":70},[52,147590,80],{"class":66},[52,147592,83],{"class":70},[52,147594,8044],{"class":74},[52,147596,71],{"class":70},[52,147598,80],{"class":66},[52,147600,83],{"class":70},[52,147602,8104],{"class":74},[52,147604,71],{"class":70},[52,147606,80],{"class":66},[52,147608,83],{"class":70},[52,147610,8104],{"class":74},[52,147612,71],{"class":70},[52,147614,144],{"class":66},[52,147616,147617],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,147618,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,147620,147621,147623,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,147622,732],{"class":731},[52,147624,147625],{"class":58}," answers",[52,147627,114],{"class":66},[52,147629,40693],{"class":117},[52,147631,138],{"class":66},[52,147633,71],{"class":70},[52,147635,8104],{"class":74},[52,147637,71],{"class":70},[52,147639,3102],{"class":66},[52,147641,37829],{"class":62},[52,147643,4944],{"class":947},[52,147645,737],{"class":66},[52,147647,147648,147650,147652,147654,147657,147659],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147649,757],{"class":134},[52,147651,138],{"class":66},[52,147653,71],{"class":70},[52,147655,147656],{"class":74},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[52,147658,71],{"class":70},[52,147660,144],{"class":66},[20,147662,1509],{},[43,147664,147666],{"className":45,"code":147665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147667,147668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147669,147670,147673,147675,147677,147679,147682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147671,147672],{"class":58},"The answer ",[52,147674,608],{"class":70},[52,147676,8104],{"class":74},[52,147678,608],{"class":70},[52,147680,147681],{"class":58}," appears more than once",[52,147683,121671],{"class":66},[38,147685,40479],{"id":40478},[20,147687,34838,147688,103989],{},[15,147689,147164],{},[163,147691,147692,147695,147698,147701],{},[166,147693,147694],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[166,147696,147697],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[166,147699,147700],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[166,147702,147703],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147705,267],{},[43,147707,147709],{"className":45,"code":147708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147710,147711,147739,147743,147765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147712,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729,147731,147733,147735,147737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147714,4507],{"class":58},[52,147716,63],{"class":62},[52,147718,8684],{"class":66},[52,147720,1770],{"class":947},[52,147722,80],{"class":66},[52,147724,7237],{"class":947},[52,147726,80],{"class":66},[52,147728,5451],{"class":947},[52,147730,80],{"class":66},[52,147732,7242],{"class":947},[52,147734,80],{"class":66},[52,147736,5451],{"class":947},[52,147738,144],{"class":66},[52,147740,147741],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,147742,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,147744,147745,147747,147749,147751,147753,147755,147757,147759,147761,147763],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,147746,732],{"class":731},[52,147748,4554],{"class":58},[52,147750,114],{"class":66},[52,147752,40693],{"class":117},[52,147754,138],{"class":66},[52,147756,1770],{"class":947},[52,147758,3102],{"class":66},[52,147760,50725],{"class":62},[52,147762,953],{"class":947},[52,147764,737],{"class":66},[52,147766,147767,147769,147771,147773,147776,147778],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147768,757],{"class":134},[52,147770,138],{"class":66},[52,147772,71],{"class":70},[52,147774,147775],{"class":74},"The score 10 is repeated.",[52,147777,71],{"class":70},[52,147779,144],{"class":66},[20,147781,1509],{},[43,147783,147785],{"className":45,"code":147784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147786,147787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147788,147789,147792,147794,147796,147799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147790,147791],{"class":58},"The score ",[52,147793,1770],{"class":947},[52,147795,7543],{"class":62},[52,147797,147798],{"class":58}," repeated",[52,147800,121671],{"class":66},[38,147802,147804],{"id":147803},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147806,147807],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[163,147809,147810,147816,147821,147824],{},[166,147811,147812,147813,147815],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147814,56726],{}," still works because it only reads data",[166,147817,147818,147820],{},[15,147819,56726],{}," counts exact matches",[166,147822,147823],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[166,147825,147826,803,147828,147830],{},[15,147827,948],{},[15,147829,41592],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147832,267],{},[43,147834,147836],{"className":45,"code":147835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147837,147838,147872,147876,147896,147920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147839,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147853,147855,147857,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147841,3265],{"class":58},[52,147843,63],{"class":62},[52,147845,8684],{"class":66},[52,147847,948],{"class":947},[52,147849,80],{"class":66},[52,147851,147852],{"class":947}," 1.0",[52,147854,80],{"class":66},[52,147856,83],{"class":70},[52,147858,147859],{"class":74},"Cat",[52,147861,71],{"class":70},[52,147863,80],{"class":66},[52,147865,83],{"class":70},[52,147867,488],{"class":74},[52,147869,71],{"class":70},[52,147871,144],{"class":66},[52,147873,147874],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,147875,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,147877,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,147879,135],{"class":134},[52,147881,138],{"class":66},[52,147883,4804],{"class":117},[52,147885,114],{"class":66},[52,147887,40693],{"class":117},[52,147889,138],{"class":66},[52,147891,948],{"class":947},[52,147893,4807],{"class":66},[52,147895,50531],{"class":3105},[52,147897,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916,147918],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,147899,135],{"class":134},[52,147901,138],{"class":66},[52,147903,4804],{"class":117},[52,147905,114],{"class":66},[52,147907,40693],{"class":117},[52,147909,138],{"class":66},[52,147911,71],{"class":70},[52,147913,147859],{"class":74},[52,147915,71],{"class":70},[52,147917,4807],{"class":66},[52,147919,27218],{"class":3105},[52,147921,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,147923,135],{"class":134},[52,147925,138],{"class":66},[52,147927,4804],{"class":117},[52,147929,114],{"class":66},[52,147931,40693],{"class":117},[52,147933,138],{"class":66},[52,147935,71],{"class":70},[52,147937,488],{"class":74},[52,147939,71],{"class":70},[52,147941,4807],{"class":66},[52,147943,27218],{"class":3105},[20,147945,4602,147946,4605,147949,1293],{},[15,147947,147948],{},"values.count(1)",[15,147950,1047],{},[20,147952,8232,147953,4227,147956,147958],{},[15,147954,147955],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,147957,3044],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[38,147960,1158],{"id":1157},[699,147962,1185,147964,147966],{"id":147963},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,147965,40693],{}," without parentheses",[20,147968,147969],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[43,147971,147973],{"className":45,"code":147972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,147974,147975,147999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147976,147977,147979,147981,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147978,940],{"class":58},[52,147980,63],{"class":62},[52,147982,8684],{"class":66},[52,147984,948],{"class":947},[52,147986,80],{"class":66},[52,147988,953],{"class":947},[52,147990,80],{"class":66},[52,147992,953],{"class":947},[52,147994,80],{"class":66},[52,147996,958],{"class":947},[52,147998,144],{"class":66},[52,148000,148001,148003,148005,148007,148009,148011],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148002,135],{"class":134},[52,148004,138],{"class":66},[52,148006,1037],{"class":117},[52,148008,114],{"class":66},[52,148010,40693],{"class":24190},[52,148012,144],{"class":66},[20,148014,148015],{},"To call the method correctly:",[43,148017,148019],{"className":45,"code":148018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148020,148021],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148022,148023,148025,148027,148029,148031,148033,148035,148037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148024,135],{"class":134},[52,148026,138],{"class":66},[52,148028,1037],{"class":117},[52,148030,114],{"class":66},[52,148032,40693],{"class":117},[52,148034,138],{"class":66},[52,148036,1047],{"class":947},[52,148038,1222],{"class":66},[699,148040,1174,148041,7902,148043,456,148045],{"id":58028},[15,148042,56726],{},[15,148044,3044],{},[15,148046,3116],{},[20,148048,148049,58039],{},[15,148050,56726],{},[43,148052,148054],{"className":45,"code":148053,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148055,148056,148088,148110,148114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148057,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148059,35524],{"class":58},[52,148061,63],{"class":62},[52,148063,8684],{"class":66},[52,148065,71],{"class":70},[52,148067,221],{"class":74},[52,148069,71],{"class":70},[52,148071,80],{"class":66},[52,148073,83],{"class":70},[52,148075,4204],{"class":74},[52,148077,71],{"class":70},[52,148079,80],{"class":66},[52,148081,83],{"class":70},[52,148083,221],{"class":74},[52,148085,71],{"class":70},[52,148087,144],{"class":66},[52,148089,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104,148106,148108],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148091,1668],{"class":58},[52,148093,63],{"class":62},[52,148095,69530],{"class":58},[52,148097,114],{"class":66},[52,148099,40693],{"class":117},[52,148101,138],{"class":66},[52,148103,71],{"class":70},[52,148105,221],{"class":74},[52,148107,71],{"class":70},[52,148109,144],{"class":66},[52,148111,148112],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,148113,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,148115,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148117,135],{"class":134},[52,148119,138],{"class":66},[52,148121,1703],{"class":117},[52,148123,3102],{"class":66},[52,148125,50852],{"class":3105},[20,148127,148128,148129,148131],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148130,3326],{}," is often simpler:",[43,148133,148135],{"className":45,"code":148134,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148136,148137],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148138,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148151,148153,148155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148140,135],{"class":134},[52,148142,138],{"class":66},[52,148144,71],{"class":70},[52,148146,221],{"class":74},[52,148148,71],{"class":70},[52,148150,20613],{"class":731},[52,148152,69530],{"class":117},[52,148154,3102],{"class":66},[52,148156,3106],{"class":3105},[699,148158,36636,148160,8151,148162],{"id":148159},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148161,147164],{},[15,148163,56731],{},[20,148165,148166],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148168,148169],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[699,148171,148173],{"id":148172},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148175,148176,148178],{},[15,148177,56726],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[43,148180,148182],{"className":45,"code":148181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148183,148184,148217,148243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148185,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148187,3515],{"class":58},[52,148189,63],{"class":62},[52,148191,8684],{"class":66},[52,148193,71],{"class":70},[52,148195,75],{"class":74},[52,148197,71],{"class":70},[52,148199,80],{"class":66},[52,148201,83],{"class":70},[52,148203,148204],{"class":74},"pineapple",[52,148206,71],{"class":70},[52,148208,80],{"class":66},[52,148210,83],{"class":70},[52,148212,75],{"class":74},[52,148214,71],{"class":70},[52,148216,144],{"class":66},[52,148218,148219,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148236,148238,148240],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148220,135],{"class":134},[52,148222,138],{"class":66},[52,148224,3556],{"class":117},[52,148226,114],{"class":66},[52,148228,40693],{"class":117},[52,148230,138],{"class":66},[52,148232,71],{"class":70},[52,148234,148235],{"class":74},"app",[52,148237,71],{"class":70},[52,148239,4807],{"class":66},[52,148241,148242],{"class":3105},"    # 0\n",[52,148244,148245,148247,148249,148251,148253,148255,148257,148259,148261,148263,148265],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,148246,135],{"class":134},[52,148248,138],{"class":66},[52,148250,3556],{"class":117},[52,148252,114],{"class":66},[52,148254,40693],{"class":117},[52,148256,138],{"class":66},[52,148258,71],{"class":70},[52,148260,75],{"class":74},[52,148262,71],{"class":70},[52,148264,4807],{"class":66},[52,148266,50852],{"class":3105},[20,148268,148269,148272,148273,114],{},[15,148270,148271],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148274,1558],{},[38,148276,148278],{"id":148277},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148280,148281],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[163,148283,148284,148289,148298,148304],{},[166,148285,799,148286,148288],{},[15,148287,3326],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[166,148290,799,148291,148297],{},[221,148292,148294,148295],{"href":148293},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148296,58403],{}," to find the position of a value",[166,148299,799,148300,148303],{},[15,148301,148302],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[166,148305,148306],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148308,45475,148309,202],{},[15,148310,3326],{},[43,148312,148314],{"className":45,"code":148313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148315,148316,148336,148340,148356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148317,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148319,940],{"class":58},[52,148321,63],{"class":62},[52,148323,8684],{"class":66},[52,148325,1943],{"class":947},[52,148327,80],{"class":66},[52,148329,5440],{"class":947},[52,148331,80],{"class":66},[52,148333,53574],{"class":947},[52,148335,144],{"class":66},[52,148337,148338],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148339,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,148341,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,148343,135],{"class":134},[52,148345,138],{"class":66},[52,148347,1463],{"class":947},[52,148349,20613],{"class":731},[52,148351,970],{"class":117},[52,148353,3102],{"class":66},[52,148355,43290],{"class":3105},[52,148357,148358,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148359,135],{"class":134},[52,148361,138],{"class":66},[52,148363,1131],{"class":947},[52,148365,20613],{"class":731},[52,148367,970],{"class":117},[52,148369,3102],{"class":66},[52,148371,43307],{"class":3105},[20,148373,45475,148374,202],{},[15,148375,58403],{},[43,148377,148379],{"className":45,"code":148378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148380,148381,148405],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148382,148383,148385,148387,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148384,940],{"class":58},[52,148386,63],{"class":62},[52,148388,8684],{"class":66},[52,148390,1943],{"class":947},[52,148392,80],{"class":66},[52,148394,5440],{"class":947},[52,148396,80],{"class":66},[52,148398,53574],{"class":947},[52,148400,80],{"class":66},[52,148402,5440],{"class":947},[52,148404,144],{"class":66},[52,148406,148407,148409,148411,148413,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148408,135],{"class":134},[52,148410,138],{"class":66},[52,148412,1037],{"class":117},[52,148414,114],{"class":66},[52,148416,35279],{"class":117},[52,148418,138],{"class":66},[52,148420,1463],{"class":947},[52,148422,4807],{"class":66},[52,148424,27218],{"class":3105},[20,148426,148427,148429,148430,148432,148434],{},[15,148428,56726],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9294,148431],{},[15,148433,58403],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[38,148436,1273],{"id":1272},[699,148438,4586,148440,4589],{"id":148439},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148441,147164],{},[20,148443,148444],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[699,148446,1277,148448,148450],{"id":148447},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148449,147164],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148452,148453],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[699,148455,148457],{"id":148456},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148459,11354,148460,114],{},[15,148461,1558],{},[699,148463,4614,148465,148467],{"id":148464},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148466,147164],{}," count strings?",[20,148469,148470],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[699,148472,4624,148474,803,148476,1293],{"id":148473},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148475,147164],{},[15,148477,148478],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148480,148481,148483,148484,148486],{},[15,148482,56726],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148485,58403],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[38,148488,1332],{"id":1331},[163,148490,148491,148495,148500,148507,148515],{},[166,148492,148493],{},[221,148494,147273],{"href":147272},[166,148496,148497],{},[221,148498,148499],{"href":147276},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[166,148501,148502],{},[221,148503,148504,148505,1070],{"href":148293},"Python tuple ",[15,148506,58403],{},[166,148508,148509],{},[221,148510,148512,148513],{"href":148511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148514,41795],{},[166,148516,148517],{},[221,148518,58391],{"href":58390},[1364,148520,148521],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":148523},[148524,148526,148529,148530,148531,148532,148533,148541,148542,148553],{"id":147240,"depth":103,"text":148525},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147280,"depth":103,"text":147281,"children":148527},[148528],{"id":102525,"depth":124,"text":102526},{"id":10916,"depth":103,"text":10917},{"id":37452,"depth":103,"text":37453},{"id":40478,"depth":103,"text":40479},{"id":147803,"depth":103,"text":147804},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":148534},[148535,148537,148538,148540],{"id":147963,"depth":124,"text":148536},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58028,"depth":124,"text":58444},{"id":148159,"depth":124,"text":148539},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148172,"depth":124,"text":148173},{"id":148277,"depth":103,"text":148278},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":148543},[148544,148546,148548,148549,148551],{"id":148439,"depth":124,"text":148545},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148447,"depth":124,"text":148547},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148456,"depth":124,"text":148457},{"id":148464,"depth":124,"text":148550},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148473,"depth":124,"text":148552},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147151,"description":148554},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148561,"title":148562,"body":148563,"description":150250,"extension":1401,"meta":150251,"navigation":127,"path":150252,"seo":150253,"stem":150254,"__hash__":150255},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148564,"toc":150213},[148565,148568,148571,148580,148582,148712,148714,148775,148781,148783,148803,148807,148810,148813,148848,148850,148871,148874,148913,148915,148940,148947,148951,148954,148991,148993,149016,149019,149022,149034,149040,149044,149047,149053,149094,149096,149119,149122,149163,149165,149192,149194,149211,149213,149230,149233,149237,149240,149242,149276,149278,149325,149329,149368,149372,149375,149432,149434,149475,149481,149487,149492,149494,149531,149533,149553,149555,149588,149590,149623,149626,149630,149663,149665,149690,149693,149695,149709,149716,149718,149721,149725,149728,149763,149766,149801,149805,149808,149847,149850,149889,149893,149895,149925,149928,149935,149937,149969,149972,150004,150007,150038,150040,150057,150061,150064,150128,150130,150134,150141,150145,150148,150152,150155,150159,150162,150167,150173,150175,150210],[10,148566,148562],{"id":148567},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148569,148570],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148572,148573,148574,456,148578,114],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[221,148575,148577],{"href":148576},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[221,148579,147273],{"href":147272},[38,148581,41],{"id":40},[43,148583,148585],{"className":45,"code":148584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148586,148587,148607,148616,148630,148666,148670,148680,148690,148701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148588,148589,148591,148593,148595,148597,148599,148601,148603,148605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148590,940],{"class":58},[52,148592,63],{"class":62},[52,148594,8684],{"class":66},[52,148596,948],{"class":947},[52,148598,80],{"class":66},[52,148600,953],{"class":947},[52,148602,80],{"class":66},[52,148604,958],{"class":947},[52,148606,144],{"class":66},[52,148608,148609,148611,148613],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148610,124137],{"class":58},[52,148612,63],{"class":62},[52,148614,148615],{"class":66}," ()\n",[52,148617,148618,148621,148623,148625,148627],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,148619,148620],{"class":58},"one_item ",[52,148622,63],{"class":62},[52,148624,8684],{"class":66},[52,148626,1131],{"class":947},[52,148628,148629],{"class":66},",)\n",[52,148631,148632,148635,148637,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654,148656,148658,148660,148662,148664],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148633,148634],{"class":58},"from_list ",[52,148636,63],{"class":62},[52,148638,148639],{"class":600}," tuple",[52,148641,2424],{"class":66},[52,148643,71],{"class":70},[52,148645,221],{"class":74},[52,148647,71],{"class":70},[52,148649,80],{"class":66},[52,148651,83],{"class":70},[52,148653,4204],{"class":74},[52,148655,71],{"class":70},[52,148657,80],{"class":66},[52,148659,83],{"class":70},[52,148661,9187],{"class":74},[52,148663,71],{"class":70},[52,148665,3332],{"class":66},[52,148667,148668],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,148669,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,148671,148672,148674,148676,148678],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,148673,135],{"class":134},[52,148675,138],{"class":66},[52,148677,1037],{"class":117},[52,148679,144],{"class":66},[52,148681,148682,148684,148686,148688],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,148683,135],{"class":134},[52,148685,138],{"class":66},[52,148687,124188],{"class":117},[52,148689,144],{"class":66},[52,148691,148692,148694,148696,148699],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,148693,135],{"class":134},[52,148695,138],{"class":66},[52,148697,148698],{"class":117},"one_item",[52,148700,144],{"class":66},[52,148702,148703,148705,148707,148710],{"class":54,"line":5877},[52,148704,135],{"class":134},[52,148706,138],{"class":66},[52,148708,148709],{"class":117},"from_list",[52,148711,144],{"class":66},[20,148713,1509],{},[43,148715,148717],{"className":45,"code":148716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148718,148719,148735,148739,148747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148720,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148722,138],{"class":66},[52,148724,948],{"class":947},[52,148726,80],{"class":66},[52,148728,953],{"class":947},[52,148730,80],{"class":66},[52,148732,958],{"class":947},[52,148734,144],{"class":66},[52,148736,148737],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148738,121],{"class":66},[52,148740,148741,148743,148745],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,148742,138],{"class":66},[52,148744,1131],{"class":947},[52,148746,148629],{"class":66},[52,148748,148749,148751,148753,148755,148757,148759,148761,148763,148765,148767,148769,148771,148773],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,148750,138],{"class":66},[52,148752,608],{"class":70},[52,148754,221],{"class":74},[52,148756,608],{"class":70},[52,148758,80],{"class":66},[52,148760,617],{"class":70},[52,148762,4204],{"class":74},[52,148764,608],{"class":70},[52,148766,80],{"class":66},[52,148768,617],{"class":70},[52,148770,9187],{"class":74},[52,148772,608],{"class":70},[52,148774,144],{"class":66},[20,148776,148777,148778,114],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148779,148780],{},"(5,)",[38,148782,14603],{"id":14602},[163,148784,148785,148788,148791,148794,148797,148800],{},[166,148786,148787],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[166,148789,148790],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[166,148792,148793],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[166,148795,148796],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[166,148798,148799],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[166,148801,148802],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[38,148804,148806],{"id":148805},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148808,148809],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148811,148812],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[43,148814,148816],{"className":45,"code":148815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148817,148818,148838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148819,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148830,148832,148834,148836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148821,940],{"class":58},[52,148823,63],{"class":62},[52,148825,8684],{"class":66},[52,148827,948],{"class":947},[52,148829,80],{"class":66},[52,148831,953],{"class":947},[52,148833,80],{"class":66},[52,148835,958],{"class":947},[52,148837,144],{"class":66},[52,148839,148840,148842,148844,148846],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148841,135],{"class":134},[52,148843,138],{"class":66},[52,148845,1037],{"class":117},[52,148847,144],{"class":66},[20,148849,1509],{},[43,148851,148853],{"className":45,"code":148852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148854,148855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148856,148857,148859,148861,148863,148865,148867,148869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148858,138],{"class":66},[52,148860,948],{"class":947},[52,148862,80],{"class":66},[52,148864,953],{"class":947},[52,148866,80],{"class":66},[52,148868,958],{"class":947},[52,148870,144],{"class":66},[20,148872,148873],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[43,148875,148877],{"className":45,"code":148876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148878,148879,148903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148880,148881,148883,148885,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148882,8613],{"class":58},[52,148884,63],{"class":62},[52,148886,8684],{"class":66},[52,148888,948],{"class":947},[52,148890,80],{"class":66},[52,148892,83],{"class":70},[52,148894,75],{"class":74},[52,148896,71],{"class":70},[52,148898,80],{"class":66},[52,148900,3360],{"class":3295},[52,148902,144],{"class":66},[52,148904,148905,148907,148909,148911],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148906,135],{"class":134},[52,148908,138],{"class":66},[52,148910,8652],{"class":117},[52,148912,144],{"class":66},[20,148914,1509],{},[43,148916,148918],{"className":45,"code":148917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,148919,148920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148921,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148923,138],{"class":66},[52,148925,948],{"class":947},[52,148927,80],{"class":66},[52,148929,617],{"class":70},[52,148931,75],{"class":74},[52,148933,608],{"class":70},[52,148935,80],{"class":66},[52,148937,3360],{"class":3295},[52,148939,144],{"class":66},[20,148941,148942,148943,114],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[221,148944,148946],{"href":148945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[38,148948,148950],{"id":148949},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,148952,148953],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[43,148955,148957],{"className":45,"code":148956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,148958,148959,148967,148977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148960,148961,148963,148965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148962,124137],{"class":58},[52,148964,63],{"class":62},[52,148966,148615],{"class":66},[52,148968,148969,148971,148973,148975],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,148970,135],{"class":134},[52,148972,138],{"class":66},[52,148974,124188],{"class":117},[52,148976,144],{"class":66},[52,148978,148979,148981,148983,148985,148987,148989],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,148980,135],{"class":134},[52,148982,138],{"class":66},[52,148984,1231],{"class":600},[52,148986,138],{"class":66},[52,148988,124188],{"class":117},[52,148990,1222],{"class":66},[20,148992,1509],{},[43,148994,148996],{"className":45,"code":148995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,148997,148998,149002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148999,149000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149001,121],{"class":66},[52,149003,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149005,2729],{"class":62},[52,149007,2732],{"class":1503},[52,149009,617],{"class":70},[52,149011,48389],{"class":74},[52,149013,608],{"class":70},[52,149015,2741],{"class":62},[20,149017,149018],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149020,149021],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[163,149023,149024,149029],{},[166,149025,149026,149027],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149028,6812],{},[166,149030,149031,149032],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149033,3229],{},[20,149035,149036,149037,114],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[221,149038,149039],{"href":56589},"Python list: creating a list",[38,149041,149043],{"id":149042},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149045,149046],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149048,149049,149050,149052],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149051,32],{}," automatically a tuple:",[43,149054,149056],{"className":45,"code":149055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149057,149058,149070,149080],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149059,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149061,965],{"class":58},[52,149063,63],{"class":62},[52,149065,8684],{"class":66},[52,149067,1131],{"class":947},[52,149069,144],{"class":66},[52,149071,149072,149074,149076,149078],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149073,135],{"class":134},[52,149075,138],{"class":66},[52,149077,985],{"class":117},[52,149079,144],{"class":66},[52,149081,149082,149084,149086,149088,149090,149092],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,149083,135],{"class":134},[52,149085,138],{"class":66},[52,149087,1231],{"class":600},[52,149089,138],{"class":66},[52,149091,985],{"class":117},[52,149093,1222],{"class":66},[20,149095,1509],{},[43,149097,149099],{"className":45,"code":149098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149100,149101,149105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149102,149103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149104,2385],{"class":947},[52,149106,149107,149109,149111,149113,149115,149117],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149108,2729],{"class":62},[52,149110,2732],{"class":1503},[52,149112,617],{"class":70},[52,149114,1626],{"class":74},[52,149116,608],{"class":70},[52,149118,2741],{"class":62},[20,149120,149121],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[43,149123,149125],{"className":45,"code":149124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149126,149127,149139,149149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149128,149129,149131,149133,149135,149137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149130,148620],{"class":58},[52,149132,63],{"class":62},[52,149134,8684],{"class":66},[52,149136,1131],{"class":947},[52,149138,148629],{"class":66},[52,149140,149141,149143,149145,149147],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149142,135],{"class":134},[52,149144,138],{"class":66},[52,149146,148698],{"class":117},[52,149148,144],{"class":66},[52,149150,149151,149153,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,149152,135],{"class":134},[52,149154,138],{"class":66},[52,149156,1231],{"class":600},[52,149158,138],{"class":66},[52,149160,148698],{"class":117},[52,149162,1222],{"class":66},[20,149164,1509],{},[43,149166,149168],{"className":45,"code":149167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149169,149170,149178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149171,149172,149174,149176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149173,138],{"class":66},[52,149175,1131],{"class":947},[52,149177,148629],{"class":66},[52,149179,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149181,2729],{"class":62},[52,149183,2732],{"class":1503},[52,149185,617],{"class":70},[52,149187,48389],{"class":74},[52,149189,608],{"class":70},[52,149191,2741],{"class":62},[20,149193,16095],{},[43,149195,149197],{"className":45,"code":149196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149198,149199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149200,149201,149203,149205,149207,149209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149202,138],{"class":66},[52,149204,71],{"class":70},[52,149206,75],{"class":74},[52,149208,71],{"class":70},[52,149210,148629],{"class":66},[20,149212,16083],{},[43,149214,149216],{"className":45,"code":149215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149217,149218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226,149228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149221,138],{"class":66},[52,149223,71],{"class":70},[52,149225,75],{"class":74},[52,149227,71],{"class":70},[52,149229,144],{"class":66},[20,149231,149232],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[38,149234,149236],{"id":149235},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149238,149239],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[699,149241,55897],{"id":1037},[43,149243,149244],{"className":45,"code":148815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149245,149246,149266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149247,149248,149250,149252,149254,149256,149258,149260,149262,149264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149249,940],{"class":58},[52,149251,63],{"class":62},[52,149253,8684],{"class":66},[52,149255,948],{"class":947},[52,149257,80],{"class":66},[52,149259,953],{"class":947},[52,149261,80],{"class":66},[52,149263,958],{"class":947},[52,149265,144],{"class":66},[52,149267,149268,149270,149272,149274],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149269,135],{"class":134},[52,149271,138],{"class":66},[52,149273,1037],{"class":117},[52,149275,144],{"class":66},[699,149277,55900],{"id":4754},[43,149279,149281],{"className":45,"code":149280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149282,149283,149315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149284,149285,149287,149289,149291,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311,149313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149286,277],{"class":58},[52,149288,63],{"class":62},[52,149290,8684],{"class":66},[52,149292,71],{"class":70},[52,149294,286],{"class":74},[52,149296,71],{"class":70},[52,149298,80],{"class":66},[52,149300,83],{"class":70},[52,149302,304],{"class":74},[52,149304,71],{"class":70},[52,149306,80],{"class":66},[52,149308,83],{"class":70},[52,149310,295],{"class":74},[52,149312,71],{"class":70},[52,149314,144],{"class":66},[52,149316,149317,149319,149321,149323],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149318,135],{"class":134},[52,149320,138],{"class":66},[52,149322,348],{"class":117},[52,149324,144],{"class":66},[699,149326,149328],{"id":149327},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[43,149330,149332],{"className":45,"code":149331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149333,149334,149358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149335,149336,149338,149340,149342,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149337,58908],{"class":58},[52,149339,63],{"class":62},[52,149341,8684],{"class":66},[52,149343,948],{"class":947},[52,149345,80],{"class":66},[52,149347,83],{"class":70},[52,149349,75],{"class":74},[52,149351,71],{"class":70},[52,149353,80],{"class":66},[52,149355,3360],{"class":3295},[52,149357,144],{"class":66},[52,149359,149360,149362,149364,149366],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149361,135],{"class":134},[52,149363,138],{"class":66},[52,149365,58961],{"class":117},[52,149367,144],{"class":66},[699,149369,149371],{"id":149370},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149373,149374],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[43,149376,149378],{"className":45,"code":149377,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149379,149380,149421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149381,149382,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393,149395,149397,149399,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149383,149384],{"class":58},"nested ",[52,149386,63],{"class":62},[52,149388,8684],{"class":66},[52,149390,948],{"class":947},[52,149392,80],{"class":66},[52,149394,8684],{"class":66},[52,149396,71],{"class":70},[52,149398,221],{"class":74},[52,149400,71],{"class":70},[52,149402,80],{"class":66},[52,149404,83],{"class":70},[52,149406,4204],{"class":74},[52,149408,71],{"class":70},[52,149410,8681],{"class":66},[52,149412,3063],{"class":66},[52,149414,1770],{"class":947},[52,149416,80],{"class":66},[52,149418,7237],{"class":947},[52,149420,3332],{"class":66},[52,149422,149423,149425,149427,149430],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149424,135],{"class":134},[52,149426,138],{"class":66},[52,149428,149429],{"class":117},"nested",[52,149431,144],{"class":66},[20,149433,1509],{},[43,149435,149437],{"className":45,"code":149436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149438,149439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149440,149441,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451,149453,149455,149457,149459,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149442,138],{"class":66},[52,149444,948],{"class":947},[52,149446,80],{"class":66},[52,149448,8684],{"class":66},[52,149450,608],{"class":70},[52,149452,221],{"class":74},[52,149454,608],{"class":70},[52,149456,80],{"class":66},[52,149458,617],{"class":70},[52,149460,4204],{"class":74},[52,149462,608],{"class":70},[52,149464,8681],{"class":66},[52,149466,3063],{"class":66},[52,149468,1770],{"class":947},[52,149470,80],{"class":66},[52,149472,7237],{"class":947},[52,149474,3332],{"class":66},[38,149476,149478,149479],{"id":149477},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149480,37479],{},[20,149482,149483,149484,149486],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149485,37479],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149488,149489,149490,114],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[221,149491,62653],{"href":62652},[699,149493,104666],{"id":104665},[43,149495,149497],{"className":45,"code":149496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149498,149499,149521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149500,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149502,940],{"class":58},[52,149504,63],{"class":62},[52,149506,148639],{"class":600},[52,149508,2424],{"class":66},[52,149510,948],{"class":947},[52,149512,80],{"class":66},[52,149514,953],{"class":947},[52,149516,80],{"class":66},[52,149518,958],{"class":947},[52,149520,3332],{"class":66},[52,149522,149523,149525,149527,149529],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149524,135],{"class":134},[52,149526,138],{"class":66},[52,149528,1037],{"class":117},[52,149530,144],{"class":66},[20,149532,1509],{},[43,149534,149535],{"className":45,"code":148852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149536,149537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149538,149539,149541,149543,149545,149547,149549,149551],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149540,138],{"class":66},[52,149542,948],{"class":947},[52,149544,80],{"class":66},[52,149546,953],{"class":947},[52,149548,80],{"class":66},[52,149550,958],{"class":947},[52,149552,144],{"class":66},[699,149554,104852],{"id":104851},[43,149556,149558],{"className":45,"code":149557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149559,149560,149578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149561,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149563,35524],{"class":58},[52,149565,63],{"class":62},[52,149567,148639],{"class":600},[52,149569,138],{"class":66},[52,149571,71],{"class":70},[52,149573,40994],{"class":74},[52,149575,71],{"class":70},[52,149577,144],{"class":66},[52,149579,149580,149582,149584,149586],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149581,135],{"class":134},[52,149583,138],{"class":66},[52,149585,35577],{"class":117},[52,149587,144],{"class":66},[20,149589,1509],{},[43,149591,149593],{"className":45,"code":149592,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149594,149595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149596,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149598,138],{"class":66},[52,149600,608],{"class":70},[52,149602,221],{"class":74},[52,149604,608],{"class":70},[52,149606,80],{"class":66},[52,149608,617],{"class":70},[52,149610,4204],{"class":74},[52,149612,608],{"class":70},[52,149614,80],{"class":66},[52,149616,617],{"class":70},[52,149618,9187],{"class":74},[52,149620,608],{"class":70},[52,149622,144],{"class":66},[20,149624,149625],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[699,149627,149629],{"id":149628},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[43,149631,149633],{"className":45,"code":149632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149634,149635,149653],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149636,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149638,3265],{"class":58},[52,149640,63],{"class":62},[52,149642,148639],{"class":600},[52,149644,138],{"class":66},[52,149646,59434],{"class":134},[52,149648,138],{"class":66},[52,149650,1943],{"class":947},[52,149652,1222],{"class":66},[52,149654,149655,149657,149659,149661],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149656,135],{"class":134},[52,149658,138],{"class":66},[52,149660,4804],{"class":117},[52,149662,144],{"class":66},[20,149664,1509],{},[43,149666,149668],{"className":45,"code":149667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149669,149670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149671,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684,149686,149688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149673,138],{"class":66},[52,149675,1558],{"class":947},[52,149677,80],{"class":66},[52,149679,4944],{"class":947},[52,149681,80],{"class":66},[52,149683,953],{"class":947},[52,149685,80],{"class":66},[52,149687,958],{"class":947},[52,149689,144],{"class":66},[20,149691,149692],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[38,149694,20240],{"id":20239},[163,149696,149697,149700,149703,149706],{},[166,149698,149699],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[166,149701,149702],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[166,149704,149705],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[166,149707,149708],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149710,149711,149712,114],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[221,149713,149715],{"href":149714},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[38,149717,1158],{"id":1157},[20,149719,149720],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[699,149722,149724],{"id":149723},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149726,149727],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[43,149729,149731],{"className":45,"code":149730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149732,149733,149749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149734,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745,149747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149736,313],{"class":58},[52,149738,63],{"class":62},[52,149740,8684],{"class":66},[52,149742,71],{"class":70},[52,149744,75],{"class":74},[52,149746,71],{"class":70},[52,149748,144],{"class":66},[52,149750,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759,149761],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149752,135],{"class":134},[52,149754,138],{"class":66},[52,149756,1231],{"class":600},[52,149758,138],{"class":66},[52,149760,337],{"class":117},[52,149762,1222],{"class":66},[20,149764,149765],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[43,149767,149769],{"className":45,"code":149768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149770,149771,149787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149772,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149774,313],{"class":58},[52,149776,63],{"class":62},[52,149778,8684],{"class":66},[52,149780,71],{"class":70},[52,149782,75],{"class":74},[52,149784,71],{"class":70},[52,149786,148629],{"class":66},[52,149788,149789,149791,149793,149795,149797,149799],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149790,135],{"class":134},[52,149792,138],{"class":66},[52,149794,1231],{"class":600},[52,149796,138],{"class":66},[52,149798,337],{"class":117},[52,149800,1222],{"class":66},[699,149802,149804],{"id":149803},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149806,149807],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[43,149809,149811],{"className":45,"code":149810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149812,149813,149833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149816,3265],{"class":58},[52,149818,63],{"class":62},[52,149820,3063],{"class":66},[52,149822,948],{"class":947},[52,149824,80],{"class":66},[52,149826,953],{"class":947},[52,149828,80],{"class":66},[52,149830,958],{"class":947},[52,149832,3076],{"class":66},[52,149834,149835,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149836,135],{"class":134},[52,149838,138],{"class":66},[52,149840,1231],{"class":600},[52,149842,138],{"class":66},[52,149844,4804],{"class":117},[52,149846,1222],{"class":66},[20,149848,149849],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[43,149851,149853],{"className":45,"code":149852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149854,149855,149875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149856,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149858,3265],{"class":58},[52,149860,63],{"class":62},[52,149862,8684],{"class":66},[52,149864,948],{"class":947},[52,149866,80],{"class":66},[52,149868,953],{"class":947},[52,149870,80],{"class":66},[52,149872,958],{"class":947},[52,149874,144],{"class":66},[52,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883,149885,149887],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149878,135],{"class":134},[52,149880,138],{"class":66},[52,149882,1231],{"class":600},[52,149884,138],{"class":66},[52,149886,4804],{"class":117},[52,149888,1222],{"class":66},[699,149890,149892],{"id":149891},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149894,149705],{},[43,149896,149898],{"className":45,"code":149897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149899,149900,149920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149901,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149903,940],{"class":58},[52,149905,63],{"class":62},[52,149907,8684],{"class":66},[52,149909,948],{"class":947},[52,149911,80],{"class":66},[52,149913,953],{"class":947},[52,149915,80],{"class":66},[52,149917,958],{"class":947},[52,149919,144],{"class":66},[52,149921,149922],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149923,149924],{"class":3105},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,149926,149927],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[699,149929,36636,149931,149934],{"id":149930},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,149932,149933],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,149936,64079],{},[43,149938,149939],{"className":45,"code":149557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149940,149941,149959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149942,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951,149953,149955,149957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149944,35524],{"class":58},[52,149946,63],{"class":62},[52,149948,148639],{"class":600},[52,149950,138],{"class":66},[52,149952,71],{"class":70},[52,149954,40994],{"class":74},[52,149956,71],{"class":70},[52,149958,144],{"class":66},[52,149960,149961,149963,149965,149967],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,149962,135],{"class":134},[52,149964,138],{"class":66},[52,149966,35577],{"class":117},[52,149968,144],{"class":66},[20,149970,149971],{},"gives:",[43,149973,149974],{"className":45,"code":149592,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149975,149976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149977,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149979,138],{"class":66},[52,149981,608],{"class":70},[52,149983,221],{"class":74},[52,149985,608],{"class":70},[52,149987,80],{"class":66},[52,149989,617],{"class":70},[52,149991,4204],{"class":74},[52,149993,608],{"class":70},[52,149995,80],{"class":66},[52,149997,617],{"class":70},[52,149999,9187],{"class":74},[52,150001,608],{"class":70},[52,150003,144],{"class":66},[20,150005,150006],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[43,150008,150010],{"className":45,"code":150009,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150011,150012,150028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150013,150014,150016,150018,150020,150022,150024,150026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150015,5601],{"class":58},[52,150017,63],{"class":62},[52,150019,8684],{"class":66},[52,150021,71],{"class":70},[52,150023,40994],{"class":74},[52,150025,71],{"class":70},[52,150027,148629],{"class":66},[52,150029,150030,150032,150034,150036],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150031,135],{"class":134},[52,150033,138],{"class":66},[52,150035,37824],{"class":117},[52,150037,144],{"class":66},[20,150039,1509],{},[43,150041,150043],{"className":45,"code":150042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('abc',)\n",[15,150044,150045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150046,150047,150049,150051,150053,150055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150048,138],{"class":66},[52,150050,608],{"class":70},[52,150052,40994],{"class":74},[52,150054,608],{"class":70},[52,150056,148629],{"class":66},[699,150058,150060],{"id":150059},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150062,150063],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[43,150065,150067],{"className":45,"code":150066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150068,150069,150086,150090,150100,150114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150070,150071,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150072,150073],{"class":58},"my_tuple ",[52,150075,63],{"class":62},[52,150077,8684],{"class":66},[52,150079,71],{"class":70},[52,150081,75],{"class":74},[52,150083,71],{"class":70},[52,150085,148629],{"class":66},[52,150087,150088],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150089,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150091,150092,150094,150096,150098],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150093,135],{"class":134},[52,150095,138],{"class":66},[52,150097,147291],{"class":117},[52,150099,144],{"class":66},[52,150101,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150103,135],{"class":134},[52,150105,138],{"class":66},[52,150107,1231],{"class":600},[52,150109,138],{"class":66},[52,150111,147291],{"class":117},[52,150113,1222],{"class":66},[52,150115,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,150117,135],{"class":134},[52,150119,138],{"class":66},[52,150121,1215],{"class":134},[52,150123,138],{"class":66},[52,150125,147291],{"class":117},[52,150127,1222],{"class":66},[38,150129,1273],{"id":1272},[699,150131,150133],{"id":150132},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150135,150136,150137,150140],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150138,150139],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[699,150142,150144],{"id":150143},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150146,150147],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[699,150149,150151],{"id":150150},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150153,150154],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[699,150156,150158],{"id":150157},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150160,150161],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[699,150163,4586,150165,12159],{"id":150164},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150166,149933],{},[20,150168,4592,150169,150172],{},[15,150170,150171],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[38,150174,1332],{"id":1331},[163,150176,150177,150181,150185,150191,150196,150201,150205],{},[166,150178,150179],{},[221,150180,147273],{"href":147272},[166,150182,150183],{},[221,150184,148946],{"href":148945},[166,150186,150187],{},[221,150188,150190],{"href":150189},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[166,150192,150193],{},[221,150194,150195],{"href":148511},"Python tuple length with len()",[166,150197,150198],{},[221,150199,150200],{"href":148576},"What is a tuple in Python?",[166,150202,150203],{},[221,150204,62653],{"href":62652},[166,150206,150207],{},[221,150208,150209],{"href":149714},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1364,150211,150212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":150214},[150215,150216,150217,150218,150219,150220,150226,150232,150233,150241,150249],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":148805,"depth":103,"text":148806},{"id":148949,"depth":103,"text":148950},{"id":149042,"depth":103,"text":149043},{"id":149235,"depth":103,"text":149236,"children":150221},[150222,150223,150224,150225],{"id":1037,"depth":124,"text":55897},{"id":4754,"depth":124,"text":55900},{"id":149327,"depth":124,"text":149328},{"id":149370,"depth":124,"text":149371},{"id":149477,"depth":103,"text":150227,"children":150228},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150229,150230,150231],{"id":104665,"depth":124,"text":104666},{"id":104851,"depth":124,"text":104852},{"id":149628,"depth":124,"text":149629},{"id":20239,"depth":103,"text":20240},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":150234},[150235,150236,150237,150238,150240],{"id":149723,"depth":124,"text":149724},{"id":149803,"depth":124,"text":149804},{"id":149891,"depth":124,"text":149892},{"id":149930,"depth":124,"text":150239},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150059,"depth":124,"text":150060},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":150242},[150243,150244,150245,150246,150247],{"id":150132,"depth":124,"text":150133},{"id":150143,"depth":124,"text":150144},{"id":150150,"depth":124,"text":150151},{"id":150157,"depth":124,"text":150158},{"id":150164,"depth":124,"text":150248},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148562,"description":150250},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150257,"title":150258,"body":150259,"description":151804,"extension":1401,"meta":151805,"navigation":127,"path":151806,"seo":151807,"stem":151808,"__hash__":151809},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150260,"toc":151774},[150261,150264,150269,150271,150284,150290,150292,150359,150361,150396,150401,150405,150409,150411,150422,150430,150432,150434,150455,150457,150477,150480,150482,150487,150530,150532,150554,150557,150570,150574,150578,150581,150634,150636,150657,150662,150666,150669,150714,150716,150749,150761,150765,150773,150810,150812,150841,150845,150848,150901,150903,150923,150930,150934,150939,151008,151010,151035,151039,151042,151048,151125,151127,151186,151188,151200,151205,151209,151213,151227,151229,151264,151266,151283,151286,151299,151303,151307,151318,151323,151338,151341,151344,151346,151349,151353,151355,151369,151371,151395,151400,151404,151407,151426,151429,151478,151483,151500,151503,151536,151540,151542,151593,151596,151621,151624,151647,151651,151657,151659,151694,151697,151702,151704,151708,151711,151715,151720,151724,151727,151731,151734,151738,151743,151745,151771],[10,150262,150258],{"id":150263},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150265,8570,150266,150268],{},[15,150267,37479],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150270,82021],{},[163,150272,150273,150278],{},[166,150274,150275,150277],{},[15,150276,37479],{}," creates an empty tuple",[166,150279,150280,150283],{},[15,150281,150282],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150285,150286,150287,150289],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150288,37479],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[38,150291,41],{"id":40},[43,150293,150295],{"className":45,"code":150294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150296,150297,150317,150331,150335,150345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150298,150299,150301,150303,150305,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150300,940],{"class":58},[52,150302,63],{"class":62},[52,150304,3063],{"class":66},[52,150306,948],{"class":947},[52,150308,80],{"class":66},[52,150310,953],{"class":947},[52,150312,80],{"class":66},[52,150314,958],{"class":947},[52,150316,3076],{"class":66},[52,150318,150319,150321,150323,150325,150327,150329],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150320,1668],{"class":58},[52,150322,63],{"class":62},[52,150324,148639],{"class":600},[52,150326,138],{"class":66},[52,150328,1037],{"class":117},[52,150330,144],{"class":66},[52,150332,150333],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150334,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150336,150337,150339,150341,150343],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150338,135],{"class":134},[52,150340,138],{"class":66},[52,150342,1703],{"class":117},[52,150344,144],{"class":66},[52,150346,150347,150349,150351,150353,150355,150357],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,150348,135],{"class":134},[52,150350,138],{"class":66},[52,150352,1231],{"class":600},[52,150354,138],{"class":66},[52,150356,1703],{"class":117},[52,150358,1222],{"class":66},[20,150360,1509],{},[43,150362,150364],{"className":45,"code":150363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150365,150366,150382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150367,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150369,138],{"class":66},[52,150371,948],{"class":947},[52,150373,80],{"class":66},[52,150375,953],{"class":947},[52,150377,80],{"class":66},[52,150379,958],{"class":947},[52,150381,144],{"class":66},[52,150383,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150385,2729],{"class":62},[52,150387,2732],{"class":1503},[52,150389,617],{"class":70},[52,150391,48389],{"class":74},[52,150393,608],{"class":70},[52,150395,2741],{"class":62},[20,150397,799,150398,150400],{},[15,150399,150282],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[38,150402,150404],{"id":150403},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150406,150407,62361],{},[15,150408,37479],{},[20,150410,48363],{},[163,150412,150413,150416,150419],{},[166,150414,150415],{},"creates a tuple object",[166,150417,150418],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[166,150420,150421],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150423,150424,150425,150427,150428,114],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[221,150426,148577],{"href":148576}," or the full guide to ",[221,150429,147273],{"href":147272},[38,150431,228],{"id":227},[20,150433,25926],{},[43,150435,150437],{"className":45,"code":150436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150438,150439,150445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150440,150441,150443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150442,48389],{"class":600},[52,150444,121],{"class":66},[52,150446,150447,150449,150451,150453],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150448,48389],{"class":600},[52,150450,138],{"class":66},[52,150452,3162],{"class":117},[52,150454,144],{"class":66},[20,150456,10900],{},[163,150458,150459,150462],{},[166,150460,150461],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[166,150463,150464,150465],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[163,150466,150467,150469,150471,150473,150475],{},[166,150468,4745],{},[166,150470,4754],{},[166,150472,62432],{},[166,150474,4751],{},[166,150476,6697],{},[20,150478,150479],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[38,150481,148950],{"id":148949},[20,150483,633,150484,150486],{},[15,150485,37479],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[43,150488,150490],{"className":45,"code":150489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150491,150492,150502,150506,150516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150493,150494,150496,150498,150500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150495,124137],{"class":58},[52,150497,63],{"class":62},[52,150499,148639],{"class":600},[52,150501,121],{"class":66},[52,150503,150504],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150505,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150507,150508,150510,150512,150514],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150509,135],{"class":134},[52,150511,138],{"class":66},[52,150513,124188],{"class":117},[52,150515,144],{"class":66},[52,150517,150518,150520,150522,150524,150526,150528],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150519,135],{"class":134},[52,150521,138],{"class":66},[52,150523,1231],{"class":600},[52,150525,138],{"class":66},[52,150527,124188],{"class":117},[52,150529,1222],{"class":66},[20,150531,1509],{},[43,150533,150534],{"className":45,"code":148995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150535,150536,150540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150537,150538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150539,121],{"class":66},[52,150541,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150543,2729],{"class":62},[52,150545,2732],{"class":1503},[52,150547,617],{"class":70},[52,150549,48389],{"class":74},[52,150551,608],{"class":70},[52,150553,2741],{"class":62},[20,150555,150556],{},"This is equivalent to:",[43,150558,150560],{"className":45,"code":150559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\n",[15,150561,150562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150563,150564,150566,150568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150565,124137],{"class":58},[52,150567,63],{"class":62},[52,150569,148615],{"class":66},[38,150571,150573],{"id":150572},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[699,150575,150577],{"id":150576},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150579,150580],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[43,150582,150584],{"className":45,"code":150583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150585,150586,150606,150620,150624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150587,150588,150590,150592,150594,150596,150598,150600,150602,150604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150589,940],{"class":58},[52,150591,63],{"class":62},[52,150593,3063],{"class":66},[52,150595,1770],{"class":947},[52,150597,80],{"class":66},[52,150599,7237],{"class":947},[52,150601,80],{"class":66},[52,150603,7242],{"class":947},[52,150605,3076],{"class":66},[52,150607,150608,150610,150612,150614,150616,150618],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150609,1668],{"class":58},[52,150611,63],{"class":62},[52,150613,148639],{"class":600},[52,150615,138],{"class":66},[52,150617,1037],{"class":117},[52,150619,144],{"class":66},[52,150621,150622],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150623,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150625,150626,150628,150630,150632],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150627,135],{"class":134},[52,150629,138],{"class":66},[52,150631,1703],{"class":117},[52,150633,144],{"class":66},[20,150635,1509],{},[43,150637,150639],{"className":45,"code":150638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150640,150641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150642,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651,150653,150655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150644,138],{"class":66},[52,150646,1770],{"class":947},[52,150648,80],{"class":66},[52,150650,7237],{"class":947},[52,150652,80],{"class":66},[52,150654,7242],{"class":947},[52,150656,144],{"class":66},[20,150658,150659,150660,114],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[221,150661,104471],{"href":59491},[699,150663,150665],{"id":150664},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150667,150668],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[43,150670,150672],{"className":45,"code":150671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150673,150674,150686,150700,150704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150675,150676,150678,150680,150682,150684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150677,34120],{"class":58},[52,150679,63],{"class":62},[52,150681,83],{"class":70},[52,150683,488],{"class":74},[52,150685,2797],{"class":70},[52,150687,150688,150690,150692,150694,150696,150698],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150689,1668],{"class":58},[52,150691,63],{"class":62},[52,150693,148639],{"class":600},[52,150695,138],{"class":66},[52,150697,34141],{"class":117},[52,150699,144],{"class":66},[52,150701,150702],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150703,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150705,150706,150708,150710,150712],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150707,135],{"class":134},[52,150709,138],{"class":66},[52,150711,1703],{"class":117},[52,150713,144],{"class":66},[20,150715,1509],{},[43,150717,150719],{"className":45,"code":150718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150720,150721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150722,150723,150725,150727,150729,150731,150733,150735,150737,150739,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150724,138],{"class":66},[52,150726,608],{"class":70},[52,150728,9187],{"class":74},[52,150730,608],{"class":70},[52,150732,80],{"class":66},[52,150734,617],{"class":70},[52,150736,221],{"class":74},[52,150738,608],{"class":70},[52,150740,80],{"class":66},[52,150742,617],{"class":70},[52,150744,62722],{"class":74},[52,150746,608],{"class":70},[52,150748,144],{"class":66},[20,150750,150751,150752,13493,150755,150757,150758,114],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150753,150754],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,150756,32],{}," create ",[15,150759,150760],{},"('cat',)",[699,150762,150764],{"id":150763},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150766,150767,150769,150770,150772],{},[15,150768,35632],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150771,37479],{}," collects them all.",[43,150774,150776],{"className":45,"code":150775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150777,150778,150796,150800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150779,150780,150782,150784,150786,150788,150790,150792,150794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150781,1668],{"class":58},[52,150783,63],{"class":62},[52,150785,148639],{"class":600},[52,150787,138],{"class":66},[52,150789,59434],{"class":134},[52,150791,138],{"class":66},[52,150793,1131],{"class":947},[52,150795,1222],{"class":66},[52,150797,150798],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150799,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150801,150802,150804,150806,150808],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150803,135],{"class":134},[52,150805,138],{"class":66},[52,150807,1703],{"class":117},[52,150809,144],{"class":66},[20,150811,1509],{},[43,150813,150815],{"className":45,"code":150814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150816,150817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150818,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150820,138],{"class":66},[52,150822,1558],{"class":947},[52,150824,80],{"class":66},[52,150826,4944],{"class":947},[52,150828,80],{"class":66},[52,150830,953],{"class":947},[52,150832,80],{"class":66},[52,150834,958],{"class":947},[52,150836,80],{"class":66},[52,150838,1896],{"class":947},[52,150840,144],{"class":66},[699,150842,150844],{"id":150843},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150846,150847],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[43,150849,150851],{"className":45,"code":150850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150852,150853,150873,150887,150891],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150854,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863,150865,150867,150869,150871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150856,3265],{"class":58},[52,150858,63],{"class":62},[52,150860,67],{"class":66},[52,150862,948],{"class":947},[52,150864,80],{"class":66},[52,150866,953],{"class":947},[52,150868,80],{"class":66},[52,150870,958],{"class":947},[52,150872,100],{"class":66},[52,150874,150875,150877,150879,150881,150883,150885],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150876,1668],{"class":58},[52,150878,63],{"class":62},[52,150880,148639],{"class":600},[52,150882,138],{"class":66},[52,150884,4804],{"class":117},[52,150886,144],{"class":66},[52,150888,150889],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150890,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150892,150893,150895,150897,150899],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,150894,135],{"class":134},[52,150896,138],{"class":66},[52,150898,1703],{"class":117},[52,150900,144],{"class":66},[20,150902,1509],{},[43,150904,150905],{"className":45,"code":148852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150906,150907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150908,150909,150911,150913,150915,150917,150919,150921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150910,138],{"class":66},[52,150912,948],{"class":947},[52,150914,80],{"class":66},[52,150916,953],{"class":947},[52,150918,80],{"class":66},[52,150920,958],{"class":947},[52,150922,144],{"class":66},[20,150924,150925,150926,114],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[221,150927,150929],{"href":150928},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[699,150931,150933],{"id":150932},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,150935,62975,150936,150938],{},[15,150937,37479],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[43,150940,150942],{"className":45,"code":150941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150943,150944,150980,150994,150998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150945,150946,150948,150950,150952,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966,150968,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150947,12643],{"class":58},[52,150949,63],{"class":62},[52,150951,67],{"class":66},[52,150953,71],{"class":70},[52,150955,7115],{"class":74},[52,150957,71],{"class":70},[52,150959,202],{"class":66},[52,150961,83],{"class":70},[52,150963,12323],{"class":74},[52,150965,71],{"class":70},[52,150967,80],{"class":66},[52,150969,83],{"class":70},[52,150971,8747],{"class":74},[52,150973,71],{"class":70},[52,150975,202],{"class":66},[52,150977,8754],{"class":947},[52,150979,100],{"class":66},[52,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,150983,1668],{"class":58},[52,150985,63],{"class":62},[52,150987,148639],{"class":600},[52,150989,138],{"class":66},[52,150991,16747],{"class":117},[52,150993,144],{"class":66},[52,150995,150996],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,150997,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,150999,151000,151002,151004,151006],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151001,135],{"class":134},[52,151003,138],{"class":66},[52,151005,1703],{"class":117},[52,151007,144],{"class":66},[20,151009,577],{},[43,151011,151013],{"className":45,"code":151012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151014,151015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151016,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151018,138],{"class":66},[52,151020,608],{"class":70},[52,151022,7115],{"class":74},[52,151024,608],{"class":70},[52,151026,80],{"class":66},[52,151028,617],{"class":70},[52,151030,8747],{"class":74},[52,151032,608],{"class":70},[52,151034,144],{"class":66},[38,151036,151038],{"id":151037},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151040,151041],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151043,151044,151047],{},[15,151045,151046],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[43,151049,151051],{"className":45,"code":151050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151052,151053,151089,151093,151107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151054,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065,151067,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083,151085,151087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151056,12643],{"class":58},[52,151058,63],{"class":62},[52,151060,67],{"class":66},[52,151062,71],{"class":70},[52,151064,7115],{"class":74},[52,151066,71],{"class":70},[52,151068,202],{"class":66},[52,151070,83],{"class":70},[52,151072,12323],{"class":74},[52,151074,71],{"class":70},[52,151076,80],{"class":66},[52,151078,83],{"class":70},[52,151080,8747],{"class":74},[52,151082,71],{"class":70},[52,151084,202],{"class":66},[52,151086,8754],{"class":947},[52,151088,100],{"class":66},[52,151090,151091],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151092,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,151094,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,151096,135],{"class":134},[52,151098,138],{"class":66},[52,151100,48389],{"class":600},[52,151102,138],{"class":66},[52,151104,16747],{"class":117},[52,151106,1222],{"class":66},[52,151108,151109,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,151110,135],{"class":134},[52,151112,138],{"class":66},[52,151114,48389],{"class":600},[52,151116,138],{"class":66},[52,151118,16747],{"class":117},[52,151120,114],{"class":66},[52,151122,154],{"class":117},[52,151124,5736],{"class":66},[20,151126,1509],{},[43,151128,151130],{"className":45,"code":151129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151131,151132,151152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151133,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151135,138],{"class":66},[52,151137,608],{"class":70},[52,151139,7115],{"class":74},[52,151141,608],{"class":70},[52,151143,80],{"class":66},[52,151145,617],{"class":70},[52,151147,8747],{"class":74},[52,151149,608],{"class":70},[52,151151,144],{"class":66},[52,151153,151154,151156,151158,151160,151162,151164,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182,151184],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151155,4957],{"class":66},[52,151157,608],{"class":70},[52,151159,7115],{"class":74},[52,151161,608],{"class":70},[52,151163,80],{"class":66},[52,151165,617],{"class":70},[52,151167,12323],{"class":74},[52,151169,608],{"class":70},[52,151171,8681],{"class":66},[52,151173,8684],{"class":66},[52,151175,608],{"class":70},[52,151177,8747],{"class":74},[52,151179,608],{"class":70},[52,151181,80],{"class":66},[52,151183,8754],{"class":947},[52,151185,1222],{"class":66},[20,151187,18134],{},[163,151189,151190,151195],{},[166,151191,151192,151194],{},[15,151193,151046],{}," for keys",[166,151196,151197,31988],{},[15,151198,151199],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151201,151202,151203,114],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[221,151204,62985],{"href":62984},[38,151206,151208],{"id":151207},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151210,151211,17758],{},[15,151212,37479],{},[163,151214,151215,151218,151221,151224],{},[166,151216,151217],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[166,151219,151220],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[166,151222,151223],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[166,151225,151226],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151228,267],{},[43,151230,151232],{"className":45,"code":151231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151233,151234,151253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151235,151236,151239,151241,151243,151245,151247,151249,151251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151237,151238],{"class":58},"coordinates ",[52,151240,63],{"class":62},[52,151242,148639],{"class":600},[52,151244,2424],{"class":66},[52,151246,1943],{"class":947},[52,151248,80],{"class":66},[52,151250,5440],{"class":947},[52,151252,3332],{"class":66},[52,151254,151255,151257,151259,151262],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151256,135],{"class":134},[52,151258,138],{"class":66},[52,151260,151261],{"class":117},"coordinates",[52,151263,144],{"class":66},[20,151265,1509],{},[43,151267,151269],{"className":45,"code":151268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151270,151271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151272,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151274,138],{"class":66},[52,151276,1943],{"class":947},[52,151278,80],{"class":66},[52,151280,5440],{"class":947},[52,151282,144],{"class":66},[20,151284,151285],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[163,151287,151288,151290,151293,151296],{},[166,151289,151261],{},[166,151291,151292],{},"RGB colors",[166,151294,151295],{},"dates",[166,151297,151298],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[38,151300,151302],{"id":151301},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151304,43864,151305,916],{},[15,151306,37479],{},[163,151308,151309,151312,151315],{},[166,151310,151311],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[166,151313,151314],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[166,151316,151317],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151319,115764,151320,151322],{},[30,151321,32],{}," work:",[43,151324,151326],{"className":45,"code":151325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151327,151328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151329,151330,151332,151334,151336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151331,48389],{"class":600},[52,151333,138],{"class":66},[52,151335,1131],{"class":947},[52,151337,144],{"class":66},[20,151339,151340],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151342,151343],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[38,151345,114602],{"id":114601},[20,151347,151348],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[699,151350,151352],{"id":151351},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151354,2275],{},[43,151356,151357],{"className":45,"code":151325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151358,151359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151360,151361,151363,151365,151367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151362,48389],{"class":600},[52,151364,138],{"class":66},[52,151366,1131],{"class":947},[52,151368,144],{"class":66},[20,151370,29115],{},[43,151372,151373],{"className":45,"code":63089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151374,151375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151376,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389,151391,151393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151378,2443],{"class":600},[52,151380,202],{"class":66},[52,151382,617],{"class":70},[52,151384,1626],{"class":74},[52,151386,608],{"class":70},[52,151388,24057],{"class":600},[52,151390,7543],{"class":62},[52,151392,7546],{"class":62},[52,151394,63112],{"class":58},[20,151396,151397,151398,114],{},"If you see this, read ",[221,151399,61727],{"href":52037},[699,151401,151403],{"id":151402},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151405,151406],{},"This code:",[43,151408,151410],{"className":45,"code":151409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151411,151412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151413,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151415,48389],{"class":600},[52,151417,138],{"class":66},[52,151419,71],{"class":70},[52,151421,3288],{"class":74},[52,151423,71],{"class":70},[52,151425,144],{"class":66},[20,151427,151428],{},"returns:",[43,151430,151432],{"className":45,"code":151431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151433,151434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151435,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151437,138],{"class":66},[52,151439,608],{"class":70},[52,151441,59874],{"class":74},[52,151443,608],{"class":70},[52,151445,80],{"class":66},[52,151447,617],{"class":70},[52,151449,59883],{"class":74},[52,151451,608],{"class":70},[52,151453,80],{"class":66},[52,151455,617],{"class":70},[52,151457,59892],{"class":74},[52,151459,608],{"class":70},[52,151461,80],{"class":66},[52,151463,617],{"class":70},[52,151465,59892],{"class":74},[52,151467,608],{"class":70},[52,151469,80],{"class":66},[52,151471,617],{"class":70},[52,151473,59909],{"class":74},[52,151475,608],{"class":70},[52,151477,144],{"class":66},[20,151479,40339,151480,151482],{},[30,151481,32],{}," return:",[43,151484,151486],{"className":45,"code":151485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('hello',)\n",[15,151487,151488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151489,151490,151492,151494,151496,151498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151491,138],{"class":66},[52,151493,608],{"class":70},[52,151495,3288],{"class":74},[52,151497,608],{"class":70},[52,151499,148629],{"class":66},[20,151501,151502],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[43,151504,151506],{"className":45,"code":151505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151507,151508,151525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151509,151510,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151511,151512],{"class":58},"single ",[52,151514,63],{"class":62},[52,151516,8684],{"class":66},[52,151518,71],{"class":70},[52,151520,3288],{"class":74},[52,151522,71],{"class":70},[52,151524,148629],{"class":66},[52,151526,151527,151529,151531,151534],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151528,135],{"class":134},[52,151530,138],{"class":66},[52,151532,151533],{"class":117},"single",[52,151535,144],{"class":66},[699,151537,151539],{"id":151538},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151541,151406],{},[43,151543,151545],{"className":45,"code":151544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151546,151547,151579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151548,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151550,8613],{"class":58},[52,151552,63],{"class":62},[52,151554,67],{"class":66},[52,151556,71],{"class":70},[52,151558,221],{"class":74},[52,151560,71],{"class":70},[52,151562,202],{"class":66},[52,151564,4944],{"class":947},[52,151566,80],{"class":66},[52,151568,83],{"class":70},[52,151570,4204],{"class":74},[52,151572,71],{"class":70},[52,151574,202],{"class":66},[52,151576,953],{"class":947},[52,151578,100],{"class":66},[52,151580,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589,151591],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151582,135],{"class":134},[52,151584,138],{"class":66},[52,151586,48389],{"class":600},[52,151588,138],{"class":66},[52,151590,8652],{"class":117},[52,151592,1222],{"class":66},[20,151594,151595],{},"returns only the keys:",[43,151597,151599],{"className":45,"code":151598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151600,151601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151602,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151604,138],{"class":66},[52,151606,608],{"class":70},[52,151608,221],{"class":74},[52,151610,608],{"class":70},[52,151612,80],{"class":66},[52,151614,617],{"class":70},[52,151616,4204],{"class":74},[52,151618,608],{"class":70},[52,151620,144],{"class":66},[20,151622,151623],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[43,151625,151627],{"className":45,"code":151626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151628,151629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151630,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641,151643,151645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151632,135],{"class":134},[52,151634,138],{"class":66},[52,151636,48389],{"class":600},[52,151638,138],{"class":66},[52,151640,8652],{"class":117},[52,151642,114],{"class":66},[52,151644,154],{"class":117},[52,151646,5736],{"class":66},[699,151648,151650],{"id":151649},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151652,151653,151654,151656],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151655,37479],{}," conversion.",[20,151658,4918],{},[43,151660,151662],{"className":45,"code":151661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151663,151664,151684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151665,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151667,965],{"class":58},[52,151669,63],{"class":62},[52,151671,8684],{"class":66},[52,151673,948],{"class":947},[52,151675,80],{"class":66},[52,151677,953],{"class":947},[52,151679,80],{"class":66},[52,151681,958],{"class":947},[52,151683,144],{"class":66},[52,151685,151686,151688,151690,151692],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151687,135],{"class":134},[52,151689,138],{"class":66},[52,151691,985],{"class":117},[52,151693,144],{"class":66},[20,151695,151696],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151698,24946,151699,151701],{},[15,151700,37479],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[38,151703,1273],{"id":1272},[699,151705,151707],{"id":151706},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151709,151710],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[699,151712,151714],{"id":151713},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151716,151717,151718,114],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151719,6812],{},[699,151721,151723],{"id":151722},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151725,151726],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[699,151728,151730],{"id":151729},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151732,151733],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[699,151735,151737],{"id":151736},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151739,151740,151741,114],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151742,2443],{},[38,151744,1332],{"id":1331},[163,151746,151747,151751,151755,151759,151763,151767],{},[166,151748,151749],{},[221,151750,147273],{"href":147272},[166,151752,151753],{},[221,151754,150200],{"href":148576},[166,151756,151757],{},[221,151758,104471],{"href":59491},[166,151760,151761],{},[221,151762,150929],{"href":150928},[166,151764,151765],{},[221,151766,62985],{"href":62984},[166,151768,151769],{},[221,151770,61727],{"href":52037},[1364,151772,151773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":151775},[151776,151777,151778,151779,151780,151787,151788,151789,151790,151796,151803],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":150403,"depth":103,"text":150404},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":148949,"depth":103,"text":148950},{"id":150572,"depth":103,"text":150573,"children":151781},[151782,151783,151784,151785,151786],{"id":150576,"depth":124,"text":150577},{"id":150664,"depth":124,"text":150665},{"id":150763,"depth":124,"text":150764},{"id":150843,"depth":124,"text":150844},{"id":150932,"depth":124,"text":150933},{"id":151037,"depth":103,"text":151038},{"id":151207,"depth":103,"text":151208},{"id":151301,"depth":103,"text":151302},{"id":114601,"depth":103,"text":114602,"children":151791},[151792,151793,151794,151795],{"id":151351,"depth":124,"text":151352},{"id":151402,"depth":124,"text":151403},{"id":151538,"depth":124,"text":151539},{"id":151649,"depth":124,"text":151650},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":151797},[151798,151799,151800,151801,151802],{"id":151706,"depth":124,"text":151707},{"id":151713,"depth":124,"text":151714},{"id":151722,"depth":124,"text":151723},{"id":151729,"depth":124,"text":151730},{"id":151736,"depth":124,"text":151737},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150258,"description":151804},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151811,"title":151812,"body":151813,"description":153226,"extension":1401,"meta":153227,"navigation":127,"path":153228,"seo":153229,"stem":153230,"__hash__":153231},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151814,"toc":153198},[151815,151820,151825,151828,151830,151909,151915,151920,151924,151939,151941,151988,151990,151998,152006,152012,152014,152019,152039,152042,152069,152071,152095,152097,152239,152241,152245,152253,152256,152258,152335,152337,152345,152349,152353,152363,152373,152375,152380,152382,152441,152446,152448,152548,152550,152564,152569,152575,152582,152585,152587,152697,152701,152718,152720,152783,152785,152793,152805,152809,152814,152842,152845,152927,152929,152940,152942,152946,152973,152975,152977,153057,153065,153067,153122,153124,153129,153132,153136,153140,153142,153146,153150,153158,153165,153168,153170,153195],[10,151816,147157,151818,18],{"id":151817},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151819,58403],{},[20,151821,151822,151824],{},[15,151823,148478],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151826,151827],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[38,151829,41],{"id":40},[43,151831,151833],{"className":45,"code":151832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151834,151835,151875,151897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151836,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871,151873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151838,277],{"class":58},[52,151840,63],{"class":62},[52,151842,8684],{"class":66},[52,151844,71],{"class":70},[52,151846,286],{"class":74},[52,151848,71],{"class":70},[52,151850,80],{"class":66},[52,151852,83],{"class":70},[52,151854,295],{"class":74},[52,151856,71],{"class":70},[52,151858,80],{"class":66},[52,151860,83],{"class":70},[52,151862,304],{"class":74},[52,151864,71],{"class":70},[52,151866,80],{"class":66},[52,151868,83],{"class":70},[52,151870,295],{"class":74},[52,151872,71],{"class":70},[52,151874,144],{"class":66},[52,151876,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885,151887,151889,151891,151893,151895],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151878,64355],{"class":58},[52,151880,63],{"class":62},[52,151882,318],{"class":58},[52,151884,114],{"class":66},[52,151886,35279],{"class":117},[52,151888,138],{"class":66},[52,151890,71],{"class":70},[52,151892,295],{"class":74},[52,151894,71],{"class":70},[52,151896,144],{"class":66},[52,151898,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,151900,135],{"class":134},[52,151902,138],{"class":66},[52,151904,64382],{"class":117},[52,151906,3102],{"class":66},[52,151908,27218],{"class":3105},[20,151910,151911,151914],{},[15,151912,151913],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[38,151916,194,151918,197],{"id":151917},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,151919,148478],{},[20,151921,1418,151922,10854],{},[15,151923,58403],{},[163,151925,151926,151929,151931,151934],{},[166,151927,151928],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[166,151930,127755],{},[166,151932,151933],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[166,151935,151936,151937],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,151938,1558],{},[20,151940,267],{},[43,151942,151944],{"className":45,"code":151943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,151945,151946,151970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151947,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956,151958,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151949,940],{"class":58},[52,151951,63],{"class":62},[52,151953,8684],{"class":66},[52,151955,1770],{"class":947},[52,151957,80],{"class":66},[52,151959,7237],{"class":947},[52,151961,80],{"class":66},[52,151963,7242],{"class":947},[52,151965,80],{"class":66},[52,151967,7237],{"class":947},[52,151969,144],{"class":66},[52,151971,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,151973,135],{"class":134},[52,151975,138],{"class":66},[52,151977,1037],{"class":117},[52,151979,114],{"class":66},[52,151981,35279],{"class":117},[52,151983,138],{"class":66},[52,151985,15193],{"class":947},[52,151987,1222],{"class":66},[20,151989,1509],{},[43,151991,151992],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151993,151994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151995,151996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151997,46352],{"class":947},[20,151999,20417,152000,152002,152003,152005],{},[15,152001,15193],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152004,58403],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152007,150424,152008,114],{},[221,152009,152011],{"href":152010},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[38,152013,228],{"id":227},[20,152015,7210,152016,152018],{},[15,152017,58403],{}," in two ways:",[43,152020,152022],{"className":45,"code":152021,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152023,152024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152025,152026,152029,152031,152033,152035,152037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152027,152028],{"class":58},"tuple_name",[52,152030,114],{"class":66},[52,152032,35279],{"class":117},[52,152034,138],{"class":66},[52,152036,985],{"class":117},[52,152038,144],{"class":66},[20,152040,152041],{},"or:",[43,152043,152045],{"className":45,"code":152044,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152046,152047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152048,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152050,152028],{"class":58},[52,152052,114],{"class":66},[52,152054,35279],{"class":117},[52,152056,138],{"class":66},[52,152058,985],{"class":117},[52,152060,80],{"class":66},[52,152062,35485],{"class":117},[52,152064,80],{"class":66},[52,152066,64476],{"class":117},[52,152068,144],{"class":66},[699,152070,16835],{"id":16834},[163,152072,152073,152078,152083,152088],{},[166,152074,152075,152077],{},[15,152076,985],{}," — the item to search for",[166,152079,152080,152082],{},[15,152081,35506],{}," — optional starting position",[166,152084,152085,152087],{},[15,152086,52098],{}," — optional ending position",[166,152089,152090,4227,152092,152094],{},[15,152091,52098],{},[30,152093,64505],{}," in the search",[20,152096,267],{},[43,152098,152100],{"className":45,"code":152099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152101,152102,152150,152154,152179,152207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152103,152104,152106,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136,152138,152140,152142,152144,152146,152148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152105,35524],{"class":58},[52,152107,63],{"class":62},[52,152109,8684],{"class":66},[52,152111,71],{"class":70},[52,152113,221],{"class":74},[52,152115,71],{"class":70},[52,152117,80],{"class":66},[52,152119,83],{"class":70},[52,152121,4204],{"class":74},[52,152123,71],{"class":70},[52,152125,80],{"class":66},[52,152127,83],{"class":70},[52,152129,9187],{"class":74},[52,152131,71],{"class":70},[52,152133,80],{"class":66},[52,152135,83],{"class":70},[52,152137,4204],{"class":74},[52,152139,71],{"class":70},[52,152141,80],{"class":66},[52,152143,83],{"class":70},[52,152145,18207],{"class":74},[52,152147,71],{"class":70},[52,152149,144],{"class":66},[52,152151,152152],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152153,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,152155,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,152157,135],{"class":134},[52,152159,138],{"class":66},[52,152161,35577],{"class":117},[52,152163,114],{"class":66},[52,152165,35279],{"class":117},[52,152167,138],{"class":66},[52,152169,71],{"class":70},[52,152171,4204],{"class":74},[52,152173,71],{"class":70},[52,152175,4807],{"class":66},[52,152177,152178],{"class":3105},"        # 1\n",[52,152180,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201,152203,152205],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,152182,135],{"class":134},[52,152184,138],{"class":66},[52,152186,35577],{"class":117},[52,152188,114],{"class":66},[52,152190,35279],{"class":117},[52,152192,138],{"class":66},[52,152194,71],{"class":70},[52,152196,4204],{"class":74},[52,152198,71],{"class":70},[52,152200,80],{"class":66},[52,152202,953],{"class":947},[52,152204,4807],{"class":66},[52,152206,50355],{"class":3105},[52,152208,152209,152211,152213,152215,152217,152219,152221,152223,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,152210,135],{"class":134},[52,152212,138],{"class":66},[52,152214,35577],{"class":117},[52,152216,114],{"class":66},[52,152218,35279],{"class":117},[52,152220,138],{"class":66},[52,152222,71],{"class":70},[52,152224,4204],{"class":74},[52,152226,71],{"class":70},[52,152228,80],{"class":66},[52,152230,4944],{"class":947},[52,152232,80],{"class":66},[52,152234,958],{"class":947},[52,152236,4807],{"class":66},[52,152238,27218],{"class":3105},[38,152240,102798],{"id":102797},[20,152242,152243,24949],{},[15,152244,148478],{},[163,152246,152247,152250],{},[166,152248,152249],{},"An integer",[166,152251,152252],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152254,152255],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152257,267],{},[43,152259,152261],{"className":45,"code":152260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152262,152263,152303,152325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152264,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152266,479],{"class":58},[52,152268,63],{"class":62},[52,152270,8684],{"class":66},[52,152272,71],{"class":70},[52,152274,488],{"class":74},[52,152276,71],{"class":70},[52,152278,80],{"class":66},[52,152280,83],{"class":70},[52,152282,497],{"class":74},[52,152284,71],{"class":70},[52,152286,80],{"class":66},[52,152288,83],{"class":70},[52,152290,57579],{"class":74},[52,152292,71],{"class":70},[52,152294,80],{"class":66},[52,152296,83],{"class":70},[52,152298,497],{"class":74},[52,152300,71],{"class":70},[52,152302,144],{"class":66},[52,152304,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313,152315,152317,152319,152321,152323],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152306,1668],{"class":58},[52,152308,63],{"class":62},[52,152310,524],{"class":58},[52,152312,114],{"class":66},[52,152314,35279],{"class":117},[52,152316,138],{"class":66},[52,152318,71],{"class":70},[52,152320,497],{"class":74},[52,152322,71],{"class":70},[52,152324,144],{"class":66},[52,152326,152327,152329,152331,152333],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,152328,135],{"class":134},[52,152330,138],{"class":66},[52,152332,1703],{"class":117},[52,152334,144],{"class":66},[20,152336,1509],{},[43,152338,152339],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152340,152341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152342,152343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152344,46352],{"class":947},[38,152346,152348],{"id":152347},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152350,799,152351,916],{},[15,152352,148478],{},[163,152354,152355,152357,152360],{},[166,152356,65534],{},[166,152358,152359],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[166,152361,152362],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152364,152365,152366,152369,152370,114],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152367,152368],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[221,152371,148946],{"href":152372},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[38,152374,65066],{"id":65065},[20,152376,152377,152378,114],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152379,40137],{},[20,152381,267],{},[43,152383,152385],{"className":45,"code":152384,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152386,152387,152419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152388,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152390,277],{"class":58},[52,152392,63],{"class":62},[52,152394,8684],{"class":66},[52,152396,71],{"class":70},[52,152398,286],{"class":74},[52,152400,71],{"class":70},[52,152402,80],{"class":66},[52,152404,83],{"class":70},[52,152406,295],{"class":74},[52,152408,71],{"class":70},[52,152410,80],{"class":66},[52,152412,83],{"class":70},[52,152414,304],{"class":74},[52,152416,71],{"class":70},[52,152418,144],{"class":66},[52,152420,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152422,135],{"class":134},[52,152424,138],{"class":66},[52,152426,348],{"class":117},[52,152428,114],{"class":66},[52,152430,35279],{"class":117},[52,152432,138],{"class":66},[52,152434,71],{"class":70},[52,152436,21964],{"class":74},[52,152438,71],{"class":70},[52,152440,1222],{"class":66},[20,152442,443,152443,152445],{},[15,152444,109088],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152447,65141],{},[43,152449,152451],{"className":45,"code":152450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152452,152453,152485,152489,152505,152527,152533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152454,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152456,277],{"class":58},[52,152458,63],{"class":62},[52,152460,8684],{"class":66},[52,152462,71],{"class":70},[52,152464,286],{"class":74},[52,152466,71],{"class":70},[52,152468,80],{"class":66},[52,152470,83],{"class":70},[52,152472,295],{"class":74},[52,152474,71],{"class":70},[52,152476,80],{"class":66},[52,152478,83],{"class":70},[52,152480,304],{"class":74},[52,152482,71],{"class":70},[52,152484,144],{"class":66},[52,152486,152487],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152488,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,152490,152491,152493,152495,152497,152499,152501,152503],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,152492,732],{"class":731},[52,152494,83],{"class":70},[52,152496,21964],{"class":74},[52,152498,71],{"class":70},[52,152500,20613],{"class":62},[52,152502,318],{"class":58},[52,152504,737],{"class":66},[52,152506,152507,152509,152511,152513,152515,152517,152519,152521,152523,152525],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,152508,757],{"class":134},[52,152510,138],{"class":66},[52,152512,348],{"class":117},[52,152514,114],{"class":66},[52,152516,35279],{"class":117},[52,152518,138],{"class":66},[52,152520,71],{"class":70},[52,152522,21964],{"class":74},[52,152524,71],{"class":70},[52,152526,1222],{"class":66},[52,152528,152529,152531],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,152530,777],{"class":731},[52,152532,737],{"class":66},[52,152534,152535,152537,152539,152541,152544,152546],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,152536,757],{"class":134},[52,152538,138],{"class":66},[52,152540,71],{"class":70},[52,152542,152543],{"class":74},"Value not found",[52,152545,71],{"class":70},[52,152547,144],{"class":66},[20,152549,1509],{},[43,152551,152553],{"className":45,"code":152552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Value not found\n",[15,152554,152555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152556,152557,152560,152562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152558,152559],{"class":58},"Value ",[52,152561,32],{"class":62},[52,152563,65265],{"class":58},[20,152565,152566,152567,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[221,152568,65275],{"href":65274},[38,152570,1185,152571,803,152573],{"id":64842},[15,152572,35506],{},[15,152574,52098],{},[20,152576,1418,152577,803,152579,152581],{},[15,152578,35506],{},[15,152580,52098],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152583,152584],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152586,267],{},[43,152588,152590],{"className":45,"code":152589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152591,152592,152620,152624,152645,152669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152593,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616,152618],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152595,3265],{"class":58},[52,152597,63],{"class":62},[52,152599,8684],{"class":66},[52,152601,1131],{"class":947},[52,152603,80],{"class":66},[52,152605,5451],{"class":947},[52,152607,80],{"class":66},[52,152609,4048],{"class":947},[52,152611,80],{"class":66},[52,152613,7237],{"class":947},[52,152615,80],{"class":66},[52,152617,4048],{"class":947},[52,152619,144],{"class":66},[52,152621,152622],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152623,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,152625,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,152627,135],{"class":134},[52,152629,138],{"class":66},[52,152631,4804],{"class":117},[52,152633,114],{"class":66},[52,152635,35279],{"class":117},[52,152637,138],{"class":66},[52,152639,1131],{"class":947},[52,152641,4807],{"class":66},[52,152643,152644],{"class":3105},"        # 0\n",[52,152646,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655,152657,152659,152661,152663,152665,152667],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,152648,135],{"class":134},[52,152650,138],{"class":66},[52,152652,4804],{"class":117},[52,152654,114],{"class":66},[52,152656,35279],{"class":117},[52,152658,138],{"class":66},[52,152660,1131],{"class":947},[52,152662,80],{"class":66},[52,152664,4944],{"class":947},[52,152666,4807],{"class":66},[52,152668,50389],{"class":3105},[52,152670,152671,152673,152675,152677,152679,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,152672,135],{"class":134},[52,152674,138],{"class":66},[52,152676,4804],{"class":117},[52,152678,114],{"class":66},[52,152680,35279],{"class":117},[52,152682,138],{"class":66},[52,152684,1131],{"class":947},[52,152686,80],{"class":66},[52,152688,958],{"class":947},[52,152690,80],{"class":66},[52,152692,4048],{"class":947},[52,152694,4807],{"class":66},[52,152696,50372],{"class":3105},[699,152698,152700],{"id":152699},"how-it-works","How it works",[163,152702,152703,152708,152713],{},[166,152704,152705,152707],{},[15,152706,35506],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[166,152709,152710,152712],{},[15,152711,52098],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[166,152714,1418,152715,152717],{},[15,152716,52098],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152719,267],{},[43,152721,152723],{"className":45,"code":152722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152724,152725,152753,152757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152726,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743,152745,152747,152749,152751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152728,3265],{"class":58},[52,152730,63],{"class":62},[52,152732,8684],{"class":66},[52,152734,1131],{"class":947},[52,152736,80],{"class":66},[52,152738,5451],{"class":947},[52,152740,80],{"class":66},[52,152742,4048],{"class":947},[52,152744,80],{"class":66},[52,152746,7237],{"class":947},[52,152748,80],{"class":66},[52,152750,4048],{"class":947},[52,152752,144],{"class":66},[52,152754,152755],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152756,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,152758,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,152760,135],{"class":134},[52,152762,138],{"class":66},[52,152764,4804],{"class":117},[52,152766,114],{"class":66},[52,152768,35279],{"class":117},[52,152770,138],{"class":66},[52,152772,1131],{"class":947},[52,152774,80],{"class":66},[52,152776,4944],{"class":947},[52,152778,80],{"class":66},[52,152780,1896],{"class":947},[52,152782,1222],{"class":66},[20,152784,1509],{},[43,152786,152787],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152788,152789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152790,152791],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152792,16496],{"class":947},[20,152794,152795,152796,1627,152798,16512,152800,152802,152803,114],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152797,948],{},[15,152799,1047],{},[15,152801,1500],{},", but not ",[15,152804,1943],{},[38,152806,152808],{"id":152807},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152810,152811,152812,202],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152813,148478],{},[163,152815,152816,152824,152829,152836],{},[166,152817,152818,152819,152821,152822],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,152820,985],{}," with the ",[30,152823,35279],{},[166,152825,152826,152827],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152828,1558],{},[166,152830,799,152831,152835],{},[221,152832,148504,152833,1070],{"href":148556},[15,152834,56726],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[166,152837,152838,152839,152841],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152840,152368],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152843,152844],{},"Example of value vs index:",[43,152846,152848],{"className":45,"code":152847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152849,152850,152882,152886,152910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152851,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152853,393],{"class":58},[52,152855,63],{"class":62},[52,152857,8684],{"class":66},[52,152859,71],{"class":70},[52,152861,75],{"class":74},[52,152863,71],{"class":70},[52,152865,80],{"class":66},[52,152867,83],{"class":70},[52,152869,86],{"class":74},[52,152871,71],{"class":70},[52,152873,80],{"class":66},[52,152875,83],{"class":70},[52,152877,32652],{"class":74},[52,152879,71],{"class":70},[52,152881,144],{"class":66},[52,152883,152884],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152885,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,152887,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,152889,135],{"class":134},[52,152891,138],{"class":66},[52,152893,426],{"class":117},[52,152895,114],{"class":66},[52,152897,35279],{"class":117},[52,152899,138],{"class":66},[52,152901,71],{"class":70},[52,152903,86],{"class":74},[52,152905,71],{"class":70},[52,152907,4807],{"class":66},[52,152909,27218],{"class":3105},[52,152911,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,152913,135],{"class":134},[52,152915,138],{"class":66},[52,152917,426],{"class":117},[52,152919,3344],{"class":66},[52,152921,948],{"class":947},[52,152923,19885],{"class":66},[52,152925,152926],{"class":3105},"               # banana\n",[20,152928,1616],{},[163,152930,152931,152935],{},[166,152932,152933,14687],{},[15,152934,64710],{},[166,152936,152937,152939],{},[15,152938,948],{}," is the index",[38,152941,1158],{"id":1157},[20,152943,105536,152944,202],{},[15,152945,148478],{},[163,152947,152948,152951,152956,152961,152968],{},[166,152949,152950],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[166,152952,1174,152953,152955],{},[15,152954,58403],{}," to return all matching positions",[166,152957,152958,152959],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,152960,1558],{},[166,152962,152963,152964,803,152966],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,152965,35506],{},[15,152967,52098],{},[166,152969,36636,152970,152972],{},[15,152971,148478],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[699,152974,60146],{"id":60145},[20,152976,93810],{},[43,152978,152980],{"className":45,"code":152979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,152981,152982,152992,153006,153021,153039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152983,152984,152986,152988,152990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152985,135],{"class":134},[52,152987,138],{"class":66},[52,152989,147291],{"class":117},[52,152991,144],{"class":66},[52,152993,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,152995,135],{"class":134},[52,152997,138],{"class":66},[52,152999,1215],{"class":134},[52,153001,138],{"class":66},[52,153003,147291],{"class":117},[52,153005,1222],{"class":66},[52,153007,153008,153010,153012,153014,153016,153019],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153009,135],{"class":134},[52,153011,138],{"class":66},[52,153013,965],{"class":117},[52,153015,3326],{"class":731},[52,153017,153018],{"class":117}," my_tuple",[52,153020,144],{"class":66},[52,153022,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153024,135],{"class":134},[52,153026,138],{"class":66},[52,153028,147291],{"class":117},[52,153030,114],{"class":66},[52,153032,40693],{"class":117},[52,153034,138],{"class":66},[52,153036,985],{"class":117},[52,153038,1222],{"class":66},[52,153040,153041,153043,153045,153047,153049,153051,153053,153055],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,153042,135],{"class":134},[52,153044,138],{"class":66},[52,153046,147291],{"class":117},[52,153048,114],{"class":66},[52,153050,35279],{"class":117},[52,153052,138],{"class":66},[52,153054,985],{"class":117},[52,153056,1222],{"class":66},[20,153058,153059,153060,83828,153062,153064],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153061,40137],{},[15,153063,985],{}," is missing.",[20,153066,128908],{},[43,153068,153070],{"className":45,"code":153069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153071,153072,153084,153102,153108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153073,153074,153076,153078,153080,153082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153075,732],{"class":731},[52,153077,21024],{"class":58},[52,153079,3326],{"class":62},[52,153081,153018],{"class":58},[52,153083,737],{"class":66},[52,153085,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153087,757],{"class":134},[52,153089,138],{"class":66},[52,153091,147291],{"class":117},[52,153093,114],{"class":66},[52,153095,35279],{"class":117},[52,153097,138],{"class":66},[52,153099,985],{"class":117},[52,153101,1222],{"class":66},[52,153103,153104,153106],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153105,777],{"class":731},[52,153107,737],{"class":66},[52,153109,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153111,757],{"class":134},[52,153113,138],{"class":66},[52,153115,71],{"class":70},[52,153117,152543],{"class":74},[52,153119,71],{"class":70},[52,153121,144],{"class":66},[38,153123,1273],{"id":1272},[699,153125,4586,153127,12159],{"id":153126},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153128,148478],{},[20,153130,153131],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[699,153133,153135],{"id":153134},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153137,153138,152005],{},[15,153139,148478],{},[699,153141,148457],{"id":148456},[20,153143,76290,153144,114],{},[15,153145,40137],{},[699,153147,153149],{"id":153148},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153151,153152,153153,803,153155,153157],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153154,35506],{},[15,153156,52098],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[699,153159,14343,153161,56641,153163,1293],{"id":153160},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153162,148478],{},[15,153164,64301],{},[20,153166,153167],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[38,153169,1332],{"id":1331},[163,153171,153172,153178,153182,153187,153191],{},[166,153173,153174],{},[221,153175,148504,153176,1070],{"href":148556},[15,153177,56726],{},[166,153179,153180],{},[221,153181,148946],{"href":152372},[166,153183,153184],{},[221,153185,153186],{"href":150252},"Creating a tuple in Python",[166,153188,153189],{},[221,153190,65275],{"href":65274},[166,153192,153193],{},[221,153194,150200],{"href":152010},[1364,153196,153197],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228,"children":153204},[153205],{"id":16834,"depth":124,"text":16835},{"id":102797,"depth":103,"text":102798},{"id":152347,"depth":103,"text":152348},{"id":65065,"depth":103,"text":65066},{"id":64842,"depth":103,"text":65625,"children":153210},[153211],{"id":152699,"depth":124,"text":152700},{"id":152807,"depth":103,"text":152808},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158,"children":153214},[153215],{"id":60145,"depth":124,"text":60146},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":153217},[153218,153220,153221,153222,153223],{"id":153126,"depth":124,"text":153219},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153134,"depth":124,"text":153135},{"id":148456,"depth":124,"text":148457},{"id":153148,"depth":124,"text":153149},{"id":153160,"depth":124,"text":153224},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151812,"description":153226},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153233,"title":153234,"body":153235,"description":154630,"extension":1401,"meta":154631,"navigation":127,"path":152372,"seo":154632,"stem":154633,"__hash__":154634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153236,"toc":154612},[153237,153240,153243,153246,153260,153262,153265,153359,153369,153375,153379,153382,153385,153387,153405,153407,153478,153480,153497,153501,153505,153508,153525,153528,153543,153545,153636,153639,153643,153646,153663,153665,153760,153763,153766,153770,153773,153867,153869,153888,153891,153895,153898,153900,153955,153957,153992,153995,154009,154017,154110,154119,154123,154126,154133,154136,154183,154185,154193,154196,154247,154249,154266,154271,154275,154278,154281,154283,154334,154337,154392,154395,154398,154400,154403,154423,154425,154498,154501,154514,154516,154520,154525,154529,154534,154551,154555,154558,154575,154579,154582,154584,154609],[10,153238,153234],{"id":153239},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153241,153242],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153244,153245],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[163,153247,153248,153251,153254,153257],{},[166,153249,153250],{},"positive indexes",[166,153252,153253],{},"negative indexes",[166,153255,153256],{},"common indexing mistakes",[166,153258,153259],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[38,153261,3049],{"id":3048},[20,153263,153264],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[43,153266,153268],{"className":45,"code":153267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153269,153270,153302,153306,153323,153340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153271,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296,153298,153300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153273,277],{"class":58},[52,153275,63],{"class":62},[52,153277,8684],{"class":66},[52,153279,71],{"class":70},[52,153281,286],{"class":74},[52,153283,71],{"class":70},[52,153285,80],{"class":66},[52,153287,83],{"class":70},[52,153289,304],{"class":74},[52,153291,71],{"class":70},[52,153293,80],{"class":66},[52,153295,83],{"class":70},[52,153297,295],{"class":74},[52,153299,71],{"class":70},[52,153301,144],{"class":66},[52,153303,153304],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153305,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,153307,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316,153318,153320],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153309,135],{"class":134},[52,153311,138],{"class":66},[52,153313,348],{"class":117},[52,153315,3344],{"class":66},[52,153317,1558],{"class":947},[52,153319,19885],{"class":66},[52,153321,153322],{"class":3105},"   # red\n",[52,153324,153325,153327,153329,153331,153333,153335,153337],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153326,135],{"class":134},[52,153328,138],{"class":66},[52,153330,348],{"class":117},[52,153332,3344],{"class":66},[52,153334,948],{"class":947},[52,153336,19885],{"class":66},[52,153338,153339],{"class":3105},"   # green\n",[52,153341,153342,153344,153346,153348,153350,153352,153354,153356],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,153343,135],{"class":134},[52,153345,138],{"class":66},[52,153347,348],{"class":117},[52,153349,3344],{"class":66},[52,153351,1460],{"class":62},[52,153353,948],{"class":947},[52,153355,19885],{"class":66},[52,153357,153358],{"class":3105},"  # blue\n",[163,153360,153361,153366],{},[166,153362,131697,153363,153365],{},[15,153364,1558],{}," is the first item.",[166,153367,153368],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153370,153371,153372,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[221,153373,153374],{"href":147276},"how to create a tuple in Python",[38,153376,153378],{"id":153377},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153380,153381],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153383,153384],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153386,10900],{},[163,153388,153389,153392,153399,153402],{},[166,153390,153391],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[166,153393,153394,153395,18403,153397],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153396,1558],{},[15,153398,948],{},[166,153400,153401],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[166,153403,153404],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153406,267],{},[43,153408,153410],{"className":45,"code":153409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153411,153412,153432,153436,153450,153464],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153413,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422,153424,153426,153428,153430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153415,940],{"class":58},[52,153417,63],{"class":62},[52,153419,8684],{"class":66},[52,153421,1770],{"class":947},[52,153423,80],{"class":66},[52,153425,7237],{"class":947},[52,153427,80],{"class":66},[52,153429,7242],{"class":947},[52,153431,144],{"class":66},[52,153433,153434],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153435,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,153437,153438,153440,153442,153444,153446,153448],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153439,135],{"class":134},[52,153441,138],{"class":66},[52,153443,1037],{"class":117},[52,153445,3344],{"class":66},[52,153447,1558],{"class":947},[52,153449,3332],{"class":66},[52,153451,153452,153454,153456,153458,153460,153462],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153453,135],{"class":134},[52,153455,138],{"class":66},[52,153457,1037],{"class":117},[52,153459,3344],{"class":66},[52,153461,948],{"class":947},[52,153463,3332],{"class":66},[52,153465,153466,153468,153470,153472,153474,153476],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,153467,135],{"class":134},[52,153469,138],{"class":66},[52,153471,1037],{"class":117},[52,153473,3344],{"class":66},[52,153475,1047],{"class":947},[52,153477,3332],{"class":66},[20,153479,1509],{},[43,153481,153483],{"className":45,"code":153482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153484,153485,153489,153493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153486,153487],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153488,1816],{"class":947},[52,153490,153491],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153492,70658],{"class":947},[52,153494,153495],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153496,69276],{"class":947},[20,153498,58828,153499,114],{},[221,153500,147273],{"href":147272},[38,153502,153504],{"id":153503},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153506,153507],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[163,153509,153510,153515,153520],{},[166,153511,153512,153514],{},[15,153513,1558],{}," = first item",[166,153516,153517,153519],{},[15,153518,948],{}," = second item",[166,153521,153522,153524],{},[15,153523,1047],{}," = third item",[20,153526,153527],{},"Pattern:",[43,153529,153531],{"className":45,"code":153530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153532,153533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153534,153535,153537,153539,153541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153536,152028],{"class":58},[52,153538,3344],{"class":66},[52,153540,35279],{"class":58},[52,153542,3076],{"class":66},[20,153544,267],{},[43,153546,153548],{"className":45,"code":153547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153549,153550,153582,153586,153603,153619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153551,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560,153562,153564,153566,153568,153570,153572,153574,153576,153578,153580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153553,393],{"class":58},[52,153555,63],{"class":62},[52,153557,8684],{"class":66},[52,153559,71],{"class":70},[52,153561,75],{"class":74},[52,153563,71],{"class":70},[52,153565,80],{"class":66},[52,153567,83],{"class":70},[52,153569,86],{"class":74},[52,153571,71],{"class":70},[52,153573,80],{"class":66},[52,153575,83],{"class":70},[52,153577,95],{"class":74},[52,153579,71],{"class":70},[52,153581,144],{"class":66},[52,153583,153584],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153585,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,153587,153588,153590,153592,153594,153596,153598,153600],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153589,135],{"class":134},[52,153591,138],{"class":66},[52,153593,426],{"class":117},[52,153595,3344],{"class":66},[52,153597,1558],{"class":947},[52,153599,19885],{"class":66},[52,153601,153602],{"class":3105},"  # apple\n",[52,153604,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613,153615,153617],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153606,135],{"class":134},[52,153608,138],{"class":66},[52,153610,426],{"class":117},[52,153612,3344],{"class":66},[52,153614,948],{"class":947},[52,153616,19885],{"class":66},[52,153618,50923],{"class":3105},[52,153620,153621,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,153622,135],{"class":134},[52,153624,138],{"class":66},[52,153626,426],{"class":117},[52,153628,3344],{"class":66},[52,153630,1047],{"class":947},[52,153632,19885],{"class":66},[52,153634,153635],{"class":3105},"  # cherry\n",[20,153637,153638],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[38,153640,153642],{"id":153641},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153644,153645],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[163,153647,153648,153653,153658],{},[166,153649,153650,153652],{},[15,153651,65290],{}," = last item",[166,153654,153655,153657],{},[15,153656,94840],{}," = second-to-last item",[166,153659,153660,153662],{},[15,153661,47106],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153664,267],{},[43,153666,153668],{"className":45,"code":153667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153669,153670,153702,153706,153724,153742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153671,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682,153684,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153673,393],{"class":58},[52,153675,63],{"class":62},[52,153677,8684],{"class":66},[52,153679,71],{"class":70},[52,153681,75],{"class":74},[52,153683,71],{"class":70},[52,153685,80],{"class":66},[52,153687,83],{"class":70},[52,153689,86],{"class":74},[52,153691,71],{"class":70},[52,153693,80],{"class":66},[52,153695,83],{"class":70},[52,153697,95],{"class":74},[52,153699,71],{"class":70},[52,153701,144],{"class":66},[52,153703,153704],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153705,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,153707,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718,153720,153722],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153709,135],{"class":134},[52,153711,138],{"class":66},[52,153713,426],{"class":117},[52,153715,3344],{"class":66},[52,153717,1460],{"class":62},[52,153719,948],{"class":947},[52,153721,19885],{"class":66},[52,153723,153635],{"class":3105},[52,153725,153726,153728,153730,153732,153734,153736,153738,153740],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153727,135],{"class":134},[52,153729,138],{"class":66},[52,153731,426],{"class":117},[52,153733,3344],{"class":66},[52,153735,1460],{"class":62},[52,153737,1047],{"class":947},[52,153739,19885],{"class":66},[52,153741,50923],{"class":3105},[52,153743,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,153745,135],{"class":134},[52,153747,138],{"class":66},[52,153749,426],{"class":117},[52,153751,3344],{"class":66},[52,153753,1460],{"class":62},[52,153755,1500],{"class":947},[52,153757,19885],{"class":66},[52,153759,153602],{"class":3105},[20,153761,153762],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153764,153765],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[38,153767,153769],{"id":153768},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153771,153772],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[43,153774,153776],{"className":45,"code":153775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153777,153778,153810,153814,153831,153848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153779,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798,153800,153802,153804,153806,153808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153781,4438],{"class":58},[52,153783,63],{"class":62},[52,153785,8684],{"class":66},[52,153787,71],{"class":70},[52,153789,12323],{"class":74},[52,153791,71],{"class":70},[52,153793,80],{"class":66},[52,153795,83],{"class":70},[52,153797,35374],{"class":74},[52,153799,71],{"class":70},[52,153801,80],{"class":66},[52,153803,83],{"class":70},[52,153805,35383],{"class":74},[52,153807,71],{"class":70},[52,153809,144],{"class":66},[52,153811,153812],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153813,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,153815,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826,153828],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153817,135],{"class":134},[52,153819,138],{"class":66},[52,153821,4482],{"class":117},[52,153823,3344],{"class":66},[52,153825,1558],{"class":947},[52,153827,19885],{"class":66},[52,153829,153830],{"class":3105},"   # first item\n",[52,153832,153833,153835,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,153834,135],{"class":134},[52,153836,138],{"class":66},[52,153838,4482],{"class":117},[52,153840,3344],{"class":66},[52,153842,948],{"class":947},[52,153844,19885],{"class":66},[52,153846,153847],{"class":3105},"   # middle item\n",[52,153849,153850,153852,153854,153856,153858,153860,153862,153864],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,153851,135],{"class":134},[52,153853,138],{"class":66},[52,153855,4482],{"class":117},[52,153857,3344],{"class":66},[52,153859,1460],{"class":62},[52,153861,948],{"class":947},[52,153863,19885],{"class":66},[52,153865,153866],{"class":3105},"  # last item\n",[20,153868,1509],{},[43,153870,153872],{"className":45,"code":153871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153873,153874,153878,153883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153875,153876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153877,49476],{"class":58},[52,153879,153880],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153881,153882],{"class":58},"Ben\n",[52,153884,153885],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153886,153887],{"class":58},"Cara\n",[20,153889,153890],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[38,153892,153894],{"id":153893},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153896,153897],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153899,267],{},[43,153901,153903],{"className":45,"code":153902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153904,153905,153937,153941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153906,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931,153933,153935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153908,35524],{"class":58},[52,153910,63],{"class":62},[52,153912,8684],{"class":66},[52,153914,71],{"class":70},[52,153916,221],{"class":74},[52,153918,71],{"class":70},[52,153920,80],{"class":66},[52,153922,83],{"class":70},[52,153924,4204],{"class":74},[52,153926,71],{"class":70},[52,153928,80],{"class":66},[52,153930,83],{"class":70},[52,153932,9187],{"class":74},[52,153934,71],{"class":70},[52,153936,144],{"class":66},[52,153938,153939],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153940,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,153942,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153944,135],{"class":134},[52,153946,138],{"class":66},[52,153948,35577],{"class":117},[52,153950,3344],{"class":66},[52,153952,1131],{"class":947},[52,153954,3332],{"class":66},[20,153956,1509],{},[43,153958,153960],{"className":45,"code":153959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,153961,153962,153974,153979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153963,153964,153967,153969,153972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153965,153966],{"class":117},"Traceback ",[52,153968,138],{"class":66},[52,153970,153971],{"class":117},"most recent call last",[52,153973,7789],{"class":66},[52,153975,153976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,153977,153978],{"class":33885},"  ...\n",[52,153980,153981,153983,153985,153987,153990],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,153982,70165],{"class":600},[52,153984,202],{"class":66},[52,153986,148639],{"class":600},[52,153988,153989],{"class":58}," index out of ",[52,153991,70357],{"class":134},[20,153993,153994],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[163,153996,153997,154001,154005],{},[166,153998,153999],{},[15,154000,1558],{},[166,154002,154003],{},[15,154004,948],{},[166,154006,154007],{},[15,154008,1047],{},[20,154010,154011,154012,114],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[221,154013,154014,154016],{"href":148511},[15,154015,41795],{}," on a tuple",[43,154018,154020],{"className":45,"code":154019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154021,154022,154054,154058,154074,154078,154096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154023,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032,154034,154036,154038,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154025,35524],{"class":58},[52,154027,63],{"class":62},[52,154029,8684],{"class":66},[52,154031,71],{"class":70},[52,154033,221],{"class":74},[52,154035,71],{"class":70},[52,154037,80],{"class":66},[52,154039,83],{"class":70},[52,154041,4204],{"class":74},[52,154043,71],{"class":70},[52,154045,80],{"class":66},[52,154047,83],{"class":70},[52,154049,9187],{"class":74},[52,154051,71],{"class":70},[52,154053,144],{"class":66},[52,154055,154056],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154057,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,154059,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068,154070,154072],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,154061,135],{"class":134},[52,154063,138],{"class":66},[52,154065,1215],{"class":134},[52,154067,138],{"class":66},[52,154069,35577],{"class":117},[52,154071,4807],{"class":66},[52,154073,50207],{"class":3105},[52,154075,154076],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154077,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,154079,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,154081,732],{"class":731},[52,154083,37819],{"class":134},[52,154085,138],{"class":66},[52,154087,35577],{"class":117},[52,154089,3102],{"class":66},[52,154091,37829],{"class":62},[52,154093,953],{"class":947},[52,154095,737],{"class":66},[52,154097,154098,154100,154102,154104,154106,154108],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,154099,757],{"class":134},[52,154101,138],{"class":66},[52,154103,35577],{"class":117},[52,154105,3344],{"class":66},[52,154107,1047],{"class":947},[52,154109,3332],{"class":66},[20,154111,154112,154113,114],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[221,154114,25120,154116],{"href":154115},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154117,154118],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[38,154120,154122],{"id":154121},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154124,154125],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[163,154127,154128,154130],{},[166,154129,76307],{},[166,154131,154132],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154134,154135],{},"Indexing example:",[43,154137,154139],{"className":45,"code":154138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154140,154141,154165,154169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154142,154143,154145,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154144,940],{"class":58},[52,154146,63],{"class":62},[52,154148,8684],{"class":66},[52,154150,1770],{"class":947},[52,154152,80],{"class":66},[52,154154,7237],{"class":947},[52,154156,80],{"class":66},[52,154158,7242],{"class":947},[52,154160,80],{"class":66},[52,154162,50280],{"class":947},[52,154164,144],{"class":66},[52,154166,154167],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154168,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,154170,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,154172,135],{"class":134},[52,154174,138],{"class":66},[52,154176,1037],{"class":117},[52,154178,3344],{"class":66},[52,154180,948],{"class":947},[52,154182,3332],{"class":66},[20,154184,1509],{},[43,154186,154187],{"className":45,"code":70658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154188,154189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154190,154191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154192,70658],{"class":947},[20,154194,154195],{},"Slicing example:",[43,154197,154199],{"className":45,"code":154198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154200,154201,154225,154229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154202,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217,154219,154221,154223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154204,940],{"class":58},[52,154206,63],{"class":62},[52,154208,8684],{"class":66},[52,154210,1770],{"class":947},[52,154212,80],{"class":66},[52,154214,7237],{"class":947},[52,154216,80],{"class":66},[52,154218,7242],{"class":947},[52,154220,80],{"class":66},[52,154222,50280],{"class":947},[52,154224,144],{"class":66},[52,154226,154227],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154228,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,154230,154231,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,154232,135],{"class":134},[52,154234,138],{"class":66},[52,154236,1037],{"class":117},[52,154238,3344],{"class":66},[52,154240,948],{"class":947},[52,154242,202],{"class":66},[52,154244,1500],{"class":947},[52,154246,3332],{"class":66},[20,154248,1509],{},[43,154250,154252],{"className":45,"code":154251,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154253,154254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154255,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154257,138],{"class":66},[52,154259,15193],{"class":947},[52,154261,80],{"class":66},[52,154263,7242],{"class":947},[52,154265,144],{"class":66},[20,154267,154268,154269,114],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[221,154270,150190],{"href":150189},[38,154272,154274],{"id":154273},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154276,154277],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154279,154280],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154282,6134],{},[43,154284,154286],{"className":45,"code":154285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154287,154288,154320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154289,154290,154292,154294,154296,154298,154300,154302,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154291,277],{"class":58},[52,154293,63],{"class":62},[52,154295,8684],{"class":66},[52,154297,71],{"class":70},[52,154299,286],{"class":74},[52,154301,71],{"class":70},[52,154303,80],{"class":66},[52,154305,83],{"class":70},[52,154307,304],{"class":74},[52,154309,71],{"class":70},[52,154311,80],{"class":66},[52,154313,83],{"class":70},[52,154315,295],{"class":74},[52,154317,71],{"class":70},[52,154319,144],{"class":66},[52,154321,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154323,135],{"class":134},[52,154325,138],{"class":66},[52,154327,348],{"class":117},[52,154329,3344],{"class":66},[52,154331,948],{"class":947},[52,154333,3332],{"class":66},[20,154335,154336],{},"But this does not work:",[43,154338,154340],{"className":45,"code":154339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154341,154342,154374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154343,154344,154346,154348,154350,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154345,277],{"class":58},[52,154347,63],{"class":62},[52,154349,8684],{"class":66},[52,154351,71],{"class":70},[52,154353,286],{"class":74},[52,154355,71],{"class":70},[52,154357,80],{"class":66},[52,154359,83],{"class":70},[52,154361,304],{"class":74},[52,154363,71],{"class":70},[52,154365,80],{"class":66},[52,154367,83],{"class":70},[52,154369,295],{"class":74},[52,154371,71],{"class":70},[52,154373,144],{"class":66},[52,154375,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154377,348],{"class":58},[52,154379,3344],{"class":66},[52,154381,948],{"class":947},[52,154383,12712],{"class":66},[52,154385,12715],{"class":62},[52,154387,83],{"class":70},[52,154389,21964],{"class":74},[52,154391,2797],{"class":70},[20,154393,154394],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154396,154397],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[38,154399,1158],{"id":1157},[20,154401,154402],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[163,154404,154405,154411,154414,154417],{},[166,154406,132001,154407,1326,154409],{},[15,154408,948],{},[15,154410,1558],{},[166,154412,154413],{},"Using an index that is too large",[166,154415,154416],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[166,154418,154419,154420],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154421,154422],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154424,1191],{},[43,154426,154428],{"className":45,"code":154427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154429,154430,154440,154454,154468,154484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154431,154432,154434,154436,154438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154433,135],{"class":134},[52,154435,138],{"class":66},[52,154437,147291],{"class":117},[52,154439,144],{"class":66},[52,154441,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154443,135],{"class":134},[52,154445,138],{"class":66},[52,154447,1215],{"class":134},[52,154449,138],{"class":66},[52,154451,147291],{"class":117},[52,154453,1222],{"class":66},[52,154455,154456,154458,154460,154462,154464,154466],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,154457,135],{"class":134},[52,154459,138],{"class":66},[52,154461,147291],{"class":117},[52,154463,3344],{"class":66},[52,154465,1558],{"class":947},[52,154467,3332],{"class":66},[52,154469,154470,154472,154474,154476,154478,154480,154482],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154471,135],{"class":134},[52,154473,138],{"class":66},[52,154475,147291],{"class":117},[52,154477,3344],{"class":66},[52,154479,1460],{"class":62},[52,154481,948],{"class":947},[52,154483,3332],{"class":66},[52,154485,154486,154488,154490,154492,154494,154496],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,154487,135],{"class":134},[52,154489,138],{"class":66},[52,154491,1231],{"class":600},[52,154493,138],{"class":66},[52,154495,147291],{"class":117},[52,154497,1222],{"class":66},[20,154499,154500],{},"These can help you confirm:",[163,154502,154503,154506,154508,154511],{},[166,154504,154505],{},"what the tuple contains",[166,154507,60220],{},[166,154509,154510],{},"what the first and last items are",[166,154512,154513],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[38,154515,1273],{"id":1272},[699,154517,154519],{"id":154518},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154521,154522,154523,114],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154524,1558],{},[699,154526,154528],{"id":154527},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154530,799,154531,154533],{},[15,154532,65290],{}," as the index:",[43,154535,154537],{"className":45,"code":154536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154538,154539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154540,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154542,147291],{"class":58},[52,154544,3344],{"class":66},[52,154546,1460],{"class":62},[52,154548,948],{"class":947},[52,154550,3076],{"class":66},[699,154552,154554],{"id":154553},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154556,154557],{},"Python raises:",[43,154559,154561],{"className":45,"code":154560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154562,154563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154564,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154566,70165],{"class":600},[52,154568,202],{"class":66},[52,154570,148639],{"class":600},[52,154572,153989],{"class":58},[52,154574,70357],{"class":134},[699,154576,154578],{"id":154577},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154580,154581],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[38,154583,1332],{"id":1331},[163,154585,154586,154591,154595,154599,154605],{},[166,154587,154588],{},[221,154589,154590],{"href":147276},"How to create a tuple in Python",[166,154592,154593],{},[221,154594,150190],{"href":150189},[166,154596,154597],{},[221,154598,150195],{"href":148511},[166,154600,154601],{},[221,154602,25562,154603],{"href":154115},[15,154604,154118],{},[166,154606,154607],{},[221,154608,147273],{"href":147272},[1364,154610,154611],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":154613},[154614,154615,154616,154617,154618,154619,154620,154621,154622,154623,154629],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":153377,"depth":103,"text":153378},{"id":153503,"depth":103,"text":153504},{"id":153641,"depth":103,"text":153642},{"id":153768,"depth":103,"text":153769},{"id":153893,"depth":103,"text":153894},{"id":154121,"depth":103,"text":154122},{"id":154273,"depth":103,"text":154274},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":154624},[154625,154626,154627,154628],{"id":154518,"depth":124,"text":154519},{"id":154527,"depth":124,"text":154528},{"id":154553,"depth":124,"text":154554},{"id":154577,"depth":124,"text":154578},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153234,"description":154630},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154636,"title":154637,"body":154638,"description":156527,"extension":1401,"meta":156528,"navigation":127,"path":156529,"seo":156530,"stem":156531,"__hash__":156532},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154639,"toc":156484},[154640,154646,154651,154702,154706,154714,154720,154722,154738,154740,154743,154758,154760,154773,154775,154832,154836,154844,154851,154857,154863,154867,154918,154922,154930,154934,154963,154967,154975,154979,155012,155016,155024,155028,155031,155082,155086,155094,155096,155113,155117,155121,155180,155184,155192,155195,155222,155226,155234,155238,155244,155319,155323,155360,155368,155372,155435,155439,155447,155452,155456,155462,155505,155509,155517,155523,155526,155573,155577,155585,155594,155600,155655,155659,155667,155670,155674,155676,155707,155711,155730,155733,155778,155782,155805,155811,155816,155818,155865,155870,155873,155921,155925,155933,155937,155942,155946,155996,156000,156015,156019,156077,156081,156096,156100,156171,156175,156184,156188,156267,156271,156293,156301,156303,156306,156331,156333,156386,156388,156405,156407,156411,156417,156422,156427,156431,156436,156440,156445,156451,156454,156456,156481],[10,154641,154643,154644,3102],{"id":154642},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154645,1215],{},[20,154647,799,154648,154650],{},[15,154649,41795],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[43,154652,154654],{"className":45,"code":154653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154655,154656,154688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154657,154658,154660,154662,154664,154666,154668,154670,154672,154674,154676,154678,154680,154682,154684,154686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154659,277],{"class":58},[52,154661,63],{"class":62},[52,154663,8684],{"class":66},[52,154665,71],{"class":70},[52,154667,286],{"class":74},[52,154669,71],{"class":70},[52,154671,80],{"class":66},[52,154673,83],{"class":70},[52,154675,304],{"class":74},[52,154677,71],{"class":70},[52,154679,80],{"class":66},[52,154681,83],{"class":70},[52,154683,295],{"class":74},[52,154685,71],{"class":70},[52,154687,144],{"class":66},[52,154689,154690,154692,154694,154696,154698,154700],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154691,135],{"class":134},[52,154693,138],{"class":66},[52,154695,1215],{"class":134},[52,154697,138],{"class":66},[52,154699,348],{"class":117},[52,154701,1222],{"class":66},[20,154703,154704],{},[30,154705,1509],{},[43,154707,154708],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154709,154710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154711,154712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154713,46052],{"class":947},[20,154715,799,154716,154719],{},[15,154717,154718],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[38,154721,14603],{"id":14602},[163,154723,154724,154729,154733,154736],{},[166,154725,3641,154726,154728],{},[15,154727,41795],{}," works with tuples",[166,154730,67694,154731,11148],{},[15,154732,41795],{},[166,154734,154735],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[166,154737,3961],{},[38,154739,228],{"id":227},[20,154741,154742],{},"Use this pattern:",[43,154744,154746],{"className":45,"code":154745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154747,154748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154749,154750,154752,154754,154756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154751,1215],{"class":134},[52,154753,138],{"class":66},[52,154755,147291],{"class":117},[52,154757,144],{"class":66},[20,154759,10900],{},[163,154761,154762,154765,154768],{},[166,154763,154764],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[166,154766,154767],{},"The result is an integer",[166,154769,154770,154772],{},[15,154771,41795],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154774,267],{},[43,154776,154778],{"className":45,"code":154777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154779,154780,154804,154818,154822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154781,154782,154784,154786,154788,154790,154792,154794,154796,154798,154800,154802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154783,940],{"class":58},[52,154785,63],{"class":62},[52,154787,8684],{"class":66},[52,154789,1770],{"class":947},[52,154791,80],{"class":66},[52,154793,7237],{"class":947},[52,154795,80],{"class":66},[52,154797,7242],{"class":947},[52,154799,80],{"class":66},[52,154801,50280],{"class":947},[52,154803,144],{"class":66},[52,154805,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154807,40675],{"class":58},[52,154809,63],{"class":62},[52,154811,37819],{"class":134},[52,154813,138],{"class":66},[52,154815,1037],{"class":117},[52,154817,144],{"class":66},[52,154819,154820],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,154821,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,154823,154824,154826,154828,154830],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,154825,135],{"class":134},[52,154827,138],{"class":66},[52,154829,40693],{"class":117},[52,154831,144],{"class":66},[20,154833,154834],{},[30,154835,1509],{},[43,154837,154838],{"className":45,"code":48086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154839,154840],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154841,154842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154843,48086],{"class":947},[20,154845,154846,154847,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[221,154848,3015,154849,2948],{"href":41792},[15,154850,41795],{},[38,154852,194,154854,154856],{"id":154853},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154855,41795],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154858,154859,154860,154862],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154861,41795],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[699,154864,154866],{"id":154865},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[43,154868,154870],{"className":45,"code":154869,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154871,154872,154904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154873,154874,154876,154878,154880,154882,154884,154886,154888,154890,154892,154894,154896,154898,154900,154902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154875,393],{"class":58},[52,154877,63],{"class":62},[52,154879,8684],{"class":66},[52,154881,71],{"class":70},[52,154883,75],{"class":74},[52,154885,71],{"class":70},[52,154887,80],{"class":66},[52,154889,83],{"class":70},[52,154891,86],{"class":74},[52,154893,71],{"class":70},[52,154895,80],{"class":66},[52,154897,83],{"class":70},[52,154899,32652],{"class":74},[52,154901,71],{"class":70},[52,154903,144],{"class":66},[52,154905,154906,154908,154910,154912,154914,154916],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154907,135],{"class":134},[52,154909,138],{"class":66},[52,154911,1215],{"class":134},[52,154913,138],{"class":66},[52,154915,426],{"class":117},[52,154917,1222],{"class":66},[20,154919,154920],{},[30,154921,1509],{},[43,154923,154924],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154925,154926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154927,154928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154929,46052],{"class":947},[699,154931,154933],{"id":154932},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[43,154935,154937],{"className":45,"code":154936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,154938,154939,154948],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154940,154941,154944,154946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154942,154943],{"class":58},"empty_tuple ",[52,154945,63],{"class":62},[52,154947,148615],{"class":66},[52,154949,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154961],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,154951,135],{"class":134},[52,154953,138],{"class":66},[52,154955,1215],{"class":134},[52,154957,138],{"class":66},[52,154959,154960],{"class":117},"empty_tuple",[52,154962,1222],{"class":66},[20,154964,154965],{},[30,154966,1509],{},[43,154968,154969],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154970,154971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154972,154973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154974,46687],{"class":947},[699,154976,154978],{"id":154977},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[43,154980,154982],{"className":45,"code":154981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,154983,154984,154997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154985,154986,154989,154991,154993,154995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154987,154988],{"class":58},"single_value ",[52,154990,63],{"class":62},[52,154992,8684],{"class":66},[52,154994,1131],{"class":947},[52,154996,148629],{"class":66},[52,154998,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155010],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155000,135],{"class":134},[52,155002,138],{"class":66},[52,155004,1215],{"class":134},[52,155006,138],{"class":66},[52,155008,155009],{"class":117},"single_value",[52,155011,1222],{"class":66},[20,155013,155014],{},[30,155015,1509],{},[43,155017,155018],{"className":45,"code":46352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155019,155020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155021,155022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155023,46352],{"class":947},[699,155025,155027],{"id":155026},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155029,155030],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[43,155032,155034],{"className":45,"code":155033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155035,155036,155068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155037,155038,155040,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155039,8613],{"class":58},[52,155041,63],{"class":62},[52,155043,8684],{"class":66},[52,155045,948],{"class":947},[52,155047,80],{"class":66},[52,155049,8684],{"class":66},[52,155051,1047],{"class":947},[52,155053,80],{"class":66},[52,155055,958],{"class":947},[52,155057,8681],{"class":66},[52,155059,3063],{"class":66},[52,155061,1943],{"class":947},[52,155063,80],{"class":66},[52,155065,4048],{"class":947},[52,155067,3332],{"class":66},[52,155069,155070,155072,155074,155076,155078,155080],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155071,135],{"class":134},[52,155073,138],{"class":66},[52,155075,1215],{"class":134},[52,155077,138],{"class":66},[52,155079,8652],{"class":117},[52,155081,1222],{"class":66},[20,155083,155084],{},[30,155085,1509],{},[43,155087,155088],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155089,155090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155091,155092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155093,46052],{"class":947},[20,155095,19396],{},[163,155097,155098,155103,155108],{},[166,155099,155100,155102],{},[15,155101,948],{}," is one item",[166,155104,155105,155102],{},[15,155106,155107],{},"(2, 3)",[166,155109,155110,155102],{},[15,155111,155112],{},"[4, 5]",[38,155114,155116],{"id":155115},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[699,155118,155120],{"id":155119},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[43,155122,155124],{"className":45,"code":155123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155125,155126,155166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155127,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144,155146,155148,155150,155152,155154,155156,155158,155160,155162,155164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155129,277],{"class":58},[52,155131,63],{"class":62},[52,155133,8684],{"class":66},[52,155135,71],{"class":70},[52,155137,286],{"class":74},[52,155139,71],{"class":70},[52,155141,80],{"class":66},[52,155143,83],{"class":70},[52,155145,304],{"class":74},[52,155147,71],{"class":70},[52,155149,80],{"class":66},[52,155151,83],{"class":70},[52,155153,295],{"class":74},[52,155155,71],{"class":70},[52,155157,80],{"class":66},[52,155159,83],{"class":70},[52,155161,21964],{"class":74},[52,155163,71],{"class":70},[52,155165,144],{"class":66},[52,155167,155168,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155169,135],{"class":134},[52,155171,138],{"class":66},[52,155173,1215],{"class":134},[52,155175,138],{"class":66},[52,155177,348],{"class":117},[52,155179,1222],{"class":66},[20,155181,155182],{},[30,155183,1509],{},[43,155185,155186],{"className":45,"code":48086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155187,155188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155189,155190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155191,48086],{"class":947},[699,155193,154933],{"id":155194},"empty-tuple-1",[43,155196,155198],{"className":45,"code":155197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155199,155200,155208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155201,155202,155204,155206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155203,59],{"class":58},[52,155205,63],{"class":62},[52,155207,148615],{"class":66},[52,155209,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155211,135],{"class":134},[52,155213,138],{"class":66},[52,155215,1215],{"class":134},[52,155217,138],{"class":66},[52,155219,154],{"class":117},[52,155221,1222],{"class":66},[20,155223,155224],{},[30,155225,1509],{},[43,155227,155228],{"className":45,"code":46687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155229,155230],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155231,155232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155233,46687],{"class":947},[699,155235,155237],{"id":155236},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155239,155240,155241,155243],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,155242,32],{}," always a tuple.",[43,155245,155247],{"className":45,"code":155246,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155248,155249,155261,155273,155277,155291,155305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155250,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155252,1993],{"class":58},[52,155254,63],{"class":62},[52,155256,8684],{"class":66},[52,155258,1131],{"class":947},[52,155260,144],{"class":66},[52,155262,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155264,2021],{"class":58},[52,155266,63],{"class":62},[52,155268,8684],{"class":66},[52,155270,1131],{"class":947},[52,155272,148629],{"class":66},[52,155274,155275],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,155276,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,155278,155279,155281,155283,155285,155287,155289],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,155280,135],{"class":134},[52,155282,138],{"class":66},[52,155284,1231],{"class":600},[52,155286,138],{"class":66},[52,155288,221],{"class":117},[52,155290,1222],{"class":66},[52,155292,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,155294,135],{"class":134},[52,155296,138],{"class":66},[52,155298,1231],{"class":600},[52,155300,138],{"class":66},[52,155302,4204],{"class":117},[52,155304,1222],{"class":66},[52,155306,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,155308,135],{"class":134},[52,155310,138],{"class":66},[52,155312,1215],{"class":134},[52,155314,138],{"class":66},[52,155316,4204],{"class":117},[52,155318,1222],{"class":66},[20,155320,155321],{},[30,155322,1509],{},[43,155324,155326],{"className":45,"code":155325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155327,155328,155342,155356],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155329,155330,155332,155334,155336,155338,155340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155331,2729],{"class":62},[52,155333,2732],{"class":1503},[52,155335,617],{"class":70},[52,155337,1626],{"class":74},[52,155339,608],{"class":70},[52,155341,2741],{"class":62},[52,155343,155344,155346,155348,155350,155352,155354],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155345,2729],{"class":62},[52,155347,2732],{"class":1503},[52,155349,617],{"class":70},[52,155351,48389],{"class":74},[52,155353,608],{"class":70},[52,155355,2741],{"class":62},[52,155357,155358],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,155359,46352],{"class":947},[20,155361,155362,155363,803,155366,114],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[221,155364,155365],{"href":147276},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[221,155367,148577],{"href":148576},[699,155369,155371],{"id":155370},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[43,155373,155375],{"className":45,"code":155374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155376,155377,155421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155378,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397,155399,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411,155413,155415,155417,155419],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155380,58908],{"class":58},[52,155382,63],{"class":62},[52,155384,8684],{"class":66},[52,155386,71],{"class":70},[52,155388,75],{"class":74},[52,155390,71],{"class":70},[52,155392,80],{"class":66},[52,155394,3063],{"class":66},[52,155396,948],{"class":947},[52,155398,80],{"class":66},[52,155400,953],{"class":947},[52,155402,17501],{"class":66},[52,155404,8684],{"class":66},[52,155406,71],{"class":70},[52,155408,1611],{"class":74},[52,155410,71],{"class":70},[52,155412,80],{"class":66},[52,155414,83],{"class":70},[52,155416,11188],{"class":74},[52,155418,71],{"class":70},[52,155420,1222],{"class":66},[52,155422,155423,155425,155427,155429,155431,155433],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155424,135],{"class":134},[52,155426,138],{"class":66},[52,155428,1215],{"class":134},[52,155430,138],{"class":66},[52,155432,58961],{"class":117},[52,155434,1222],{"class":66},[20,155436,155437],{},[30,155438,1509],{},[43,155440,155441],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155442,155443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155444,155445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155446,46052],{"class":947},[20,155448,155449,155451],{},[15,155450,41795],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[38,155453,155455],{"id":155454},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[699,155457,155459,155461],{"id":155458},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155460,41795],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[43,155463,155465],{"className":45,"code":155464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155466,155467,155491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155468,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155470,3515],{"class":58},[52,155472,63],{"class":62},[52,155474,8684],{"class":66},[52,155476,71],{"class":70},[52,155478,63031],{"class":74},[52,155480,71],{"class":70},[52,155482,80],{"class":66},[52,155484,83],{"class":70},[52,155486,47],{"class":74},[52,155488,71],{"class":70},[52,155490,144],{"class":66},[52,155492,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155494,135],{"class":134},[52,155496,138],{"class":66},[52,155498,1215],{"class":134},[52,155500,138],{"class":66},[52,155502,3556],{"class":117},[52,155504,1222],{"class":66},[20,155506,155507],{},[30,155508,1509],{},[43,155510,155511],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155512,155513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155514,155515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155516,16496],{"class":947},[20,155518,155519,155520,155522],{},"This result is ",[15,155521,1047],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155524,155525],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[43,155527,155529],{"className":45,"code":155528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155530,155531,155555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155532,155533,155535,155537,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155534,3515],{"class":58},[52,155536,63],{"class":62},[52,155538,8684],{"class":66},[52,155540,71],{"class":70},[52,155542,63031],{"class":74},[52,155544,71],{"class":70},[52,155546,80],{"class":66},[52,155548,83],{"class":70},[52,155550,47],{"class":74},[52,155552,71],{"class":70},[52,155554,144],{"class":66},[52,155556,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155558,135],{"class":134},[52,155560,138],{"class":66},[52,155562,1215],{"class":134},[52,155564,138],{"class":66},[52,155566,3556],{"class":117},[52,155568,3344],{"class":66},[52,155570,1558],{"class":947},[52,155572,2437],{"class":66},[20,155574,155575],{},[30,155576,1509],{},[43,155578,155579],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155580,155581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155582,155583],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155584,16496],{"class":947},[20,155586,20210,155587,155590,155591,114],{},[15,155588,155589],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155592,155593],{},"\"hi\"",[699,155595,155597,155599],{"id":155596},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155598,41795],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[43,155601,155603],{"className":45,"code":155602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155604,155605,155641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155606,155607,155609,155611,155613,155615,155617,155619,155621,155623,155625,155627,155629,155631,155633,155635,155637,155639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155608,3265],{"class":58},[52,155610,63],{"class":62},[52,155612,9443],{"class":66},[52,155614,948],{"class":947},[52,155616,80],{"class":66},[52,155618,953],{"class":947},[52,155620,8681],{"class":66},[52,155622,8684],{"class":66},[52,155624,1500],{"class":947},[52,155626,80],{"class":66},[52,155628,1896],{"class":947},[52,155630,8681],{"class":66},[52,155632,8684],{"class":66},[52,155634,1131],{"class":947},[52,155636,80],{"class":66},[52,155638,37076],{"class":947},[52,155640,1222],{"class":66},[52,155642,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155644,135],{"class":134},[52,155646,138],{"class":66},[52,155648,1215],{"class":134},[52,155650,138],{"class":66},[52,155652,4804],{"class":117},[52,155654,1222],{"class":66},[20,155656,155657],{},[30,155658,1509],{},[43,155660,155661],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155662,155663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155664,155665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155666,46052],{"class":947},[20,155668,155669],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[699,155671,155673],{"id":155672},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155675,25131],{},[43,155677,155679],{"className":45,"code":155678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155680,155681,155693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155682,155683,155685,155687,155689,155691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155684,965],{"class":58},[52,155686,63],{"class":62},[52,155688,8684],{"class":66},[52,155690,1770],{"class":947},[52,155692,144],{"class":66},[52,155694,155695,155697,155699,155701,155703,155705],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155696,135],{"class":134},[52,155698,138],{"class":66},[52,155700,1231],{"class":600},[52,155702,138],{"class":66},[52,155704,985],{"class":117},[52,155706,1222],{"class":66},[20,155708,155709],{},[30,155710,1509],{},[43,155712,155714],{"className":45,"code":155713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155715,155716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155717,155718,155720,155722,155724,155726,155728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155719,2729],{"class":62},[52,155721,2732],{"class":1503},[52,155723,617],{"class":70},[52,155725,1626],{"class":74},[52,155727,608],{"class":70},[52,155729,2741],{"class":62},[20,155731,155732],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[43,155734,155736],{"className":45,"code":155735,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155737,155738,155750,155764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155739,155740,155742,155744,155746,155748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155741,965],{"class":58},[52,155743,63],{"class":62},[52,155745,8684],{"class":66},[52,155747,1770],{"class":947},[52,155749,148629],{"class":66},[52,155751,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155753,135],{"class":134},[52,155755,138],{"class":66},[52,155757,1231],{"class":600},[52,155759,138],{"class":66},[52,155761,985],{"class":117},[52,155763,1222],{"class":66},[52,155765,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,155767,135],{"class":134},[52,155769,138],{"class":66},[52,155771,1215],{"class":134},[52,155773,138],{"class":66},[52,155775,985],{"class":117},[52,155777,1222],{"class":66},[20,155779,155780],{},[30,155781,1509],{},[43,155783,155785],{"className":45,"code":155784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155786,155787,155801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155788,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155790,2729],{"class":62},[52,155792,2732],{"class":1503},[52,155794,617],{"class":70},[52,155796,48389],{"class":74},[52,155798,608],{"class":70},[52,155800,2741],{"class":62},[52,155802,155803],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155804,46352],{"class":947},[699,155806,155808,155810],{"id":155807},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155809,1215],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155812,43864,155813,155815],{},[15,155814,1215],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155817,43895],{},[43,155819,155821],{"className":45,"code":155820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155822,155823,155831,155851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155824,155825,155827,155829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155826,1215],{"class":134},[52,155828,12715],{"class":62},[52,155830,2026],{"class":947},[52,155832,155833,155835,155837,155839,155841,155843,155845,155847,155849],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155834,940],{"class":58},[52,155836,63],{"class":62},[52,155838,8684],{"class":66},[52,155840,948],{"class":947},[52,155842,80],{"class":66},[52,155844,953],{"class":947},[52,155846,80],{"class":66},[52,155848,958],{"class":947},[52,155850,144],{"class":66},[52,155852,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,155854,135],{"class":134},[52,155856,138],{"class":66},[52,155858,1215],{"class":134},[52,155860,138],{"class":66},[52,155862,1037],{"class":117},[52,155864,1222],{"class":66},[20,155866,443,155867,155869],{},[15,155868,1215],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155871,155872],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[43,155874,155876],{"className":45,"code":155875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155877,155878,155887,155907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155879,155880,155883,155885],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155881,155882],{"class":58},"length_value ",[52,155884,63],{"class":62},[52,155886,2026],{"class":947},[52,155888,155889,155891,155893,155895,155897,155899,155901,155903,155905],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155890,940],{"class":58},[52,155892,63],{"class":62},[52,155894,8684],{"class":66},[52,155896,948],{"class":947},[52,155898,80],{"class":66},[52,155900,953],{"class":947},[52,155902,80],{"class":66},[52,155904,958],{"class":947},[52,155906,144],{"class":66},[52,155908,155909,155911,155913,155915,155917,155919],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,155910,135],{"class":134},[52,155912,138],{"class":66},[52,155914,1215],{"class":134},[52,155916,138],{"class":66},[52,155918,1037],{"class":117},[52,155920,1222],{"class":66},[20,155922,155923],{},[30,155924,1509],{},[43,155926,155927],{"className":45,"code":46052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155928,155929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155930,155931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155932,46052],{"class":947},[38,155934,155936],{"id":155935},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,155938,155939,155941],{},[15,155940,41795],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[699,155943,155945],{"id":155944},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[43,155947,155949],{"className":45,"code":155948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,155950,155951,155959,155963,155981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155952,155953,155955,155957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155954,59],{"class":58},[52,155956,63],{"class":62},[52,155958,148615],{"class":66},[52,155960,155961],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,155962,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,155964,155965,155967,155969,155971,155973,155975,155977,155979],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,155966,732],{"class":731},[52,155968,37819],{"class":134},[52,155970,138],{"class":66},[52,155972,154],{"class":117},[52,155974,3102],{"class":66},[52,155976,5854],{"class":62},[52,155978,3276],{"class":947},[52,155980,737],{"class":66},[52,155982,155983,155985,155987,155989,155992,155994],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,155984,757],{"class":134},[52,155986,138],{"class":66},[52,155988,71],{"class":70},[52,155990,155991],{"class":74},"The tuple is empty",[52,155993,71],{"class":70},[52,155995,144],{"class":66},[20,155997,155998],{},[30,155999,1509],{},[43,156001,156003],{"className":45,"code":156002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156004,156005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156006,156007,156009,156011,156013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156008,1418],{"class":58},[52,156010,48389],{"class":600},[52,156012,7543],{"class":62},[52,156014,7549],{"class":58},[699,156016,156018],{"id":156017},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[43,156020,156022],{"className":45,"code":156021,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156023,156024,156040,156044,156062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156025,156026,156028,156030,156032,156034,156036,156038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156027,50822],{"class":58},[52,156029,63],{"class":62},[52,156031,8684],{"class":66},[52,156033,1943],{"class":947},[52,156035,80],{"class":66},[52,156037,5440],{"class":947},[52,156039,144],{"class":66},[52,156041,156042],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156043,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156045,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058,156060],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156047,732],{"class":731},[52,156049,37819],{"class":134},[52,156051,138],{"class":66},[52,156053,50847],{"class":117},[52,156055,3102],{"class":66},[52,156057,5854],{"class":62},[52,156059,953],{"class":947},[52,156061,737],{"class":66},[52,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156073,156075],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156065,757],{"class":134},[52,156067,138],{"class":66},[52,156069,71],{"class":70},[52,156071,156072],{"class":74},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[52,156074,71],{"class":70},[52,156076,144],{"class":66},[20,156078,156079],{},[30,156080,1509],{},[43,156082,156084],{"className":45,"code":156083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156085,156086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156087,156088,156091,156093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156089,156090],{"class":58},"This looks like an x",[52,156092,80],{"class":66},[52,156094,156095],{"class":58}," y coordinate\n",[699,156097,156099],{"id":156098},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[43,156101,156103],{"className":45,"code":156102,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156104,156105,156134,156138,156156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156106,156107,156109,156111,156113,156115,156117,156119,156121,156123,156125,156127,156130,156132],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156108,10930],{"class":58},[52,156110,63],{"class":62},[52,156112,8684],{"class":66},[52,156114,71],{"class":70},[52,156116,12323],{"class":74},[52,156118,71],{"class":70},[52,156120,80],{"class":66},[52,156122,8754],{"class":947},[52,156124,80],{"class":66},[52,156126,83],{"class":70},[52,156128,156129],{"class":74},"Canada",[52,156131,71],{"class":70},[52,156133,144],{"class":66},[52,156135,156136],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156137,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156139,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148,156150,156152,156154],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156141,732],{"class":731},[52,156143,37819],{"class":134},[52,156145,138],{"class":66},[52,156147,11024],{"class":117},[52,156149,3102],{"class":66},[52,156151,5854],{"class":62},[52,156153,958],{"class":947},[52,156155,737],{"class":66},[52,156157,156158,156160,156162,156164,156167,156169],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156159,757],{"class":134},[52,156161,138],{"class":66},[52,156163,71],{"class":70},[52,156165,156166],{"class":74},"User record has the expected number of values",[52,156168,71],{"class":70},[52,156170,144],{"class":66},[20,156172,156173],{},[30,156174,1509],{},[43,156176,156178],{"className":45,"code":156177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156179,156180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156181,156182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156183,156177],{"class":58},[699,156185,156187],{"id":156186},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[43,156189,156191],{"className":45,"code":156190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156192,156193,156225,156229,156249],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156194,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207,156209,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156196,35524],{"class":58},[52,156198,63],{"class":62},[52,156200,8684],{"class":66},[52,156202,71],{"class":70},[52,156204,221],{"class":74},[52,156206,71],{"class":70},[52,156208,80],{"class":66},[52,156210,83],{"class":70},[52,156212,4204],{"class":74},[52,156214,71],{"class":70},[52,156216,80],{"class":66},[52,156218,83],{"class":70},[52,156220,9187],{"class":74},[52,156222,71],{"class":70},[52,156224,144],{"class":66},[52,156226,156227],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156228,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156230,156231,156233,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156232,5405],{"class":731},[52,156234,68984],{"class":58},[52,156236,3326],{"class":731},[52,156238,53508],{"class":134},[52,156240,138],{"class":66},[52,156242,1215],{"class":134},[52,156244,138],{"class":66},[52,156246,35577],{"class":117},[52,156248,68999],{"class":66},[52,156250,156251,156253,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156252,757],{"class":134},[52,156254,138],{"class":66},[52,156256,35588],{"class":117},[52,156258,80],{"class":66},[52,156260,69530],{"class":117},[52,156262,3344],{"class":66},[52,156264,35588],{"class":117},[52,156266,3332],{"class":66},[20,156268,156269],{},[30,156270,1509],{},[43,156272,156273],{"className":45,"code":35600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156274,156275,156281,156287],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156276,156277,156279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156278,1558],{"class":947},[52,156280,35609],{"class":58},[52,156282,156283,156285],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156284,948],{"class":947},[52,156286,35616],{"class":58},[52,156288,156289,156291],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156290,1047],{"class":947},[52,156292,35623],{"class":58},[20,156294,156295,156296,156298,156299,114],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[221,156297,148946],{"href":148945},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[221,156300,150190],{"href":150189},[38,156302,1158],{"id":1157},[20,156304,156305],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[163,156307,156308,156316,156323,156328],{},[166,156309,156310,156311,1326,156314],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156312,156313],{},"(5)",[15,156315,148780],{},[166,156317,1185,156318,156320,156321],{},[15,156319,1215],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156322,41795],{},[166,156324,1174,156325,156327],{},[15,156326,41795],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[166,156329,156330],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156332,31513],{},[43,156334,156336],{"className":45,"code":156335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156337,156338,156348,156362,156376],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156339,156340,156342,156344,156346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156341,135],{"class":134},[52,156343,138],{"class":66},[52,156345,147291],{"class":117},[52,156347,144],{"class":66},[52,156349,156350,156352,156354,156356,156358,156360],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156351,135],{"class":134},[52,156353,138],{"class":66},[52,156355,1231],{"class":600},[52,156357,138],{"class":66},[52,156359,147291],{"class":117},[52,156361,1222],{"class":66},[52,156363,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156365,135],{"class":134},[52,156367,138],{"class":66},[52,156369,1215],{"class":134},[52,156371,138],{"class":66},[52,156373,147291],{"class":117},[52,156375,1222],{"class":66},[52,156377,156378,156380,156382,156384],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156379,31583],{"class":134},[52,156381,138],{"class":66},[52,156383,1215],{"class":134},[52,156385,144],{"class":66},[20,156387,154500],{},[163,156389,156390,156393,156396,156400],{},[166,156391,156392],{},"what value you are using",[166,156394,156395],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[166,156397,25459,156398,11148],{},[15,156399,41795],{},[166,156401,122664,156402,156404],{},[15,156403,41795],{}," is documented in Python",[38,156406,1273],{"id":1272},[699,156408,156410],{"id":156409},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156412,799,156413,156416],{},[15,156414,156415],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[699,156418,1277,156420,148450],{"id":156419},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156421,41795],{},[20,156423,45800,156424,156426],{},[15,156425,41795],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[699,156428,156430],{"id":156429},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156432,156433,156434,114],{},"The length is ",[15,156435,1558],{},[699,156437,156439],{"id":156438},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156441,150136,156442,156444],{},[15,156443,150139],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[699,156446,1277,156448,156450],{"id":156447},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156449,41795],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156452,156453],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[38,156455,1332],{"id":1331},[163,156457,156458,156464,156468,156472,156476],{},[166,156459,156460],{},[221,156461,3015,156462,2948],{"href":41792},[15,156463,41795],{},[166,156465,156466],{},[221,156467,155365],{"href":147276},[166,156469,156470],{},[221,156471,148946],{"href":148945},[166,156473,156474],{},[221,156475,150190],{"href":150189},[166,156477,156478],{},[221,156479,156480],{"href":148576},"What is a tuple in Python",[1364,156482,156483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":156485},[156486,156487,156488,156495,156501,156510,156516,156517,156526],{"id":14602,"depth":103,"text":14603},{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":154853,"depth":103,"text":156489,"children":156490},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156491,156492,156493,156494],{"id":154865,"depth":124,"text":154866},{"id":154932,"depth":124,"text":154933},{"id":154977,"depth":124,"text":154978},{"id":155026,"depth":124,"text":155027},{"id":155115,"depth":103,"text":155116,"children":156496},[156497,156498,156499,156500],{"id":155119,"depth":124,"text":155120},{"id":155194,"depth":124,"text":154933},{"id":155236,"depth":124,"text":155237},{"id":155370,"depth":124,"text":155371},{"id":155454,"depth":103,"text":155455,"children":156502},[156503,156505,156507,156508],{"id":155458,"depth":124,"text":156504},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155596,"depth":124,"text":156506},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155672,"depth":124,"text":155673},{"id":155807,"depth":124,"text":156509},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155935,"depth":103,"text":155936,"children":156511},[156512,156513,156514,156515],{"id":155944,"depth":124,"text":155945},{"id":156017,"depth":124,"text":156018},{"id":156098,"depth":124,"text":156099},{"id":156186,"depth":124,"text":156187},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":156518},[156519,156520,156522,156523,156524],{"id":156409,"depth":124,"text":156410},{"id":156419,"depth":124,"text":156521},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156429,"depth":124,"text":156430},{"id":156438,"depth":124,"text":156439},{"id":156447,"depth":124,"text":156525},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154637,"description":156527},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156534,"title":156535,"body":156536,"description":158921,"extension":1401,"meta":158922,"navigation":127,"path":158923,"seo":158924,"stem":158925,"__hash__":158926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156537,"toc":158882},[156538,156541,156544,156547,156570,156576,156578,156689,156693,156696,156706,156708,156807,156809,156886,156892,156896,156899,156922,156925,156942,156945,156947,157010,157012,157029,157040,157045,157047,157050,157056,157107,157109,157129,157133,157184,157186,157207,157211,157266,157268,157289,157293,157348,157350,157371,157375,157428,157430,157459,157461,157463,157466,157470,157527,157529,157550,157554,157607,157609,157634,157639,157643,157648,157666,157669,157732,157734,157755,157758,157819,157821,157842,157845,157888,157891,157895,157900,157904,157983,157985,158016,158020,158095,158097,158124,158128,158175,158177,158185,158190,158194,158197,158212,158214,158302,158304,158329,158332,158375,158384,158386,158389,158404,158407,158411,158465,158467,158487,158492,158496,158498,158536,158539,158589,158593,158666,158668,158705,158708,158710,158713,158733,158736,158805,158807,158820,158822,158826,158829,158833,158836,158841,158844,158850,158855,158857,158879],[10,156539,156535],{"id":156540},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156542,156543],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156545,156546],{},"Use this format:",[43,156548,156550],{"className":45,"code":156549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156551,156552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156553,156554,156556,156558,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156555,48389],{"class":58},[52,156557,3344],{"class":66},[52,156559,35506],{"class":58},[52,156561,202],{"class":66},[52,156563,74858],{"class":58},[52,156565,202],{"class":66},[52,156567,74861],{"class":58},[52,156569,3076],{"class":66},[20,156571,1418,156572,74894,156574,114],{},[15,156573,74858],{},[30,156575,64505],{},[38,156577,41],{"id":40},[43,156579,156581],{"className":45,"code":156580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156582,156583,156611,156615,156636,156653,156670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156584,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593,156595,156597,156599,156601,156603,156605,156607,156609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156586,940],{"class":58},[52,156588,63],{"class":62},[52,156590,8684],{"class":66},[52,156592,1770],{"class":947},[52,156594,80],{"class":66},[52,156596,7237],{"class":947},[52,156598,80],{"class":66},[52,156600,7242],{"class":947},[52,156602,80],{"class":66},[52,156604,50280],{"class":947},[52,156606,80],{"class":66},[52,156608,4524],{"class":947},[52,156610,144],{"class":66},[52,156612,156613],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156614,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156616,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156618,135],{"class":134},[52,156620,138],{"class":66},[52,156622,1037],{"class":117},[52,156624,3344],{"class":66},[52,156626,948],{"class":947},[52,156628,202],{"class":66},[52,156630,1943],{"class":947},[52,156632,19885],{"class":66},[52,156634,156635],{"class":3105},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[52,156637,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646,156648,156650],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156639,135],{"class":134},[52,156641,138],{"class":66},[52,156643,1037],{"class":117},[52,156645,74967],{"class":66},[52,156647,1500],{"class":947},[52,156649,19885],{"class":66},[52,156651,156652],{"class":3105},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[52,156654,156655,156657,156659,156661,156663,156665,156667],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,156656,135],{"class":134},[52,156658,138],{"class":66},[52,156660,1037],{"class":117},[52,156662,73554],{"class":66},[52,156664,1047],{"class":947},[52,156666,19885],{"class":66},[52,156668,156669],{"class":3105},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[52,156671,156672,156674,156676,156678,156680,156682,156684,156686],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,156673,135],{"class":134},[52,156675,138],{"class":66},[52,156677,1037],{"class":117},[52,156679,73554],{"class":66},[52,156681,1460],{"class":62},[52,156683,948],{"class":947},[52,156685,19885],{"class":66},[52,156687,156688],{"class":3105},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[38,156690,156692],{"id":156691},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156694,156695],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[163,156697,156698,156700,156703],{},[166,156699,75161],{},[166,156701,156702],{},"The result is a new tuple",[166,156704,156705],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156707,267],{},[43,156709,156711],{"className":45,"code":156710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156712,156713,156761,156765,156783,156787,156797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156714,156715,156717,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749,156751,156753,156755,156757,156759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156716,35524],{"class":58},[52,156718,63],{"class":62},[52,156720,8684],{"class":66},[52,156722,71],{"class":70},[52,156724,221],{"class":74},[52,156726,71],{"class":70},[52,156728,80],{"class":66},[52,156730,83],{"class":70},[52,156732,4204],{"class":74},[52,156734,71],{"class":70},[52,156736,80],{"class":66},[52,156738,83],{"class":70},[52,156740,9187],{"class":74},[52,156742,71],{"class":70},[52,156744,80],{"class":66},[52,156746,83],{"class":70},[52,156748,18207],{"class":74},[52,156750,71],{"class":70},[52,156752,80],{"class":66},[52,156754,83],{"class":70},[52,156756,59883],{"class":74},[52,156758,71],{"class":70},[52,156760,144],{"class":66},[52,156762,156763],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156764,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156766,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777,156779,156781],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156768,75091],{"class":58},[52,156770,63],{"class":62},[52,156772,69530],{"class":58},[52,156774,3344],{"class":66},[52,156776,948],{"class":947},[52,156778,202],{"class":66},[52,156780,1943],{"class":947},[52,156782,3076],{"class":66},[52,156784,156785],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,156786,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156788,156789,156791,156793,156795],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,156790,135],{"class":134},[52,156792,138],{"class":66},[52,156794,75114],{"class":117},[52,156796,144],{"class":66},[52,156798,156799,156801,156803,156805],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,156800,135],{"class":134},[52,156802,138],{"class":66},[52,156804,35577],{"class":117},[52,156806,144],{"class":66},[20,156808,1509],{},[43,156810,156812],{"className":45,"code":156811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156813,156814,156842],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156815,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156817,138],{"class":66},[52,156819,608],{"class":70},[52,156821,4204],{"class":74},[52,156823,608],{"class":70},[52,156825,80],{"class":66},[52,156827,617],{"class":70},[52,156829,9187],{"class":74},[52,156831,608],{"class":70},[52,156833,80],{"class":66},[52,156835,617],{"class":70},[52,156837,18207],{"class":74},[52,156839,608],{"class":70},[52,156841,144],{"class":66},[52,156843,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860,156862,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880,156882,156884],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156845,138],{"class":66},[52,156847,608],{"class":70},[52,156849,221],{"class":74},[52,156851,608],{"class":70},[52,156853,80],{"class":66},[52,156855,617],{"class":70},[52,156857,4204],{"class":74},[52,156859,608],{"class":70},[52,156861,80],{"class":66},[52,156863,617],{"class":70},[52,156865,9187],{"class":74},[52,156867,608],{"class":70},[52,156869,80],{"class":66},[52,156871,617],{"class":70},[52,156873,18207],{"class":74},[52,156875,608],{"class":70},[52,156877,80],{"class":66},[52,156879,617],{"class":70},[52,156881,59883],{"class":74},[52,156883,608],{"class":70},[52,156885,144],{"class":66},[20,156887,156888,156889,114],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[221,156890,147273],{"href":156891},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[38,156893,156895],{"id":156894},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156897,156898],{},"The full syntax is:",[43,156900,156902],{"className":45,"code":156901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156903,156904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156905,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156907,147291],{"class":58},[52,156909,3344],{"class":66},[52,156911,35506],{"class":58},[52,156913,202],{"class":66},[52,156915,74858],{"class":58},[52,156917,202],{"class":66},[52,156919,74861],{"class":58},[52,156921,3076],{"class":66},[20,156923,156924],{},"Each part has a job:",[163,156926,156927,156932,156937],{},[166,156928,156929,156931],{},[15,156930,35506],{},": where slicing begins",[166,156933,156934,156936],{},[15,156935,74858],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[166,156938,156939,156941],{},[15,156940,74861],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,156943,156944],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,156946,267],{},[43,156948,156950],{"className":45,"code":156949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,156951,156952,156984,156988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156953,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968,156970,156972,156974,156976,156978,156980,156982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156955,940],{"class":58},[52,156957,63],{"class":62},[52,156959,8684],{"class":66},[52,156961,1770],{"class":947},[52,156963,80],{"class":66},[52,156965,7237],{"class":947},[52,156967,80],{"class":66},[52,156969,7242],{"class":947},[52,156971,80],{"class":66},[52,156973,50280],{"class":947},[52,156975,80],{"class":66},[52,156977,4524],{"class":947},[52,156979,80],{"class":66},[52,156981,75532],{"class":947},[52,156983,144],{"class":66},[52,156985,156986],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,156987,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,156989,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,156991,135],{"class":134},[52,156993,138],{"class":66},[52,156995,1037],{"class":117},[52,156997,3344],{"class":66},[52,156999,948],{"class":947},[52,157001,202],{"class":66},[52,157003,1131],{"class":947},[52,157005,202],{"class":66},[52,157007,1047],{"class":947},[52,157009,3332],{"class":66},[20,157011,1509],{},[43,157013,157015],{"className":45,"code":157014,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157016,157017],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157018,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157020,138],{"class":66},[52,157022,15193],{"class":947},[52,157024,80],{"class":66},[52,157026,50280],{"class":947},[52,157028,144],{"class":66},[20,157030,157031,157032,157034,157035,157037,157038,114],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157033,948],{},", stops before index ",[15,157036,1131],{},", and moves by ",[15,157039,1047],{},[20,157041,157042,157043,114],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[221,157044,148946],{"href":152372},[38,157046,75448],{"id":75447},[20,157048,157049],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[699,157051,157053,157054,111],{"id":157052},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157055,75462],{},[43,157057,157059],{"className":45,"code":157058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157060,157061,157089,157093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157062,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157064,940],{"class":58},[52,157066,63],{"class":62},[52,157068,8684],{"class":66},[52,157070,1770],{"class":947},[52,157072,80],{"class":66},[52,157074,7237],{"class":947},[52,157076,80],{"class":66},[52,157078,7242],{"class":947},[52,157080,80],{"class":66},[52,157082,50280],{"class":947},[52,157084,80],{"class":66},[52,157086,4524],{"class":947},[52,157088,144],{"class":66},[52,157090,157091],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157092,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157094,157095,157097,157099,157101,157103,157105],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157096,135],{"class":134},[52,157098,138],{"class":66},[52,157100,1037],{"class":117},[52,157102,74967],{"class":66},[52,157104,1500],{"class":947},[52,157106,3332],{"class":66},[20,157108,1509],{},[43,157110,157111],{"className":45,"code":150638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,157112,157113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157114,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157116,138],{"class":66},[52,157118,1770],{"class":947},[52,157120,80],{"class":66},[52,157122,7237],{"class":947},[52,157124,80],{"class":66},[52,157126,7242],{"class":947},[52,157128,144],{"class":66},[699,157130,157132],{"id":157131},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[43,157134,157136],{"className":45,"code":157135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157137,157138,157166,157170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157139,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150,157152,157154,157156,157158,157160,157162,157164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157141,940],{"class":58},[52,157143,63],{"class":62},[52,157145,8684],{"class":66},[52,157147,1770],{"class":947},[52,157149,80],{"class":66},[52,157151,7237],{"class":947},[52,157153,80],{"class":66},[52,157155,7242],{"class":947},[52,157157,80],{"class":66},[52,157159,50280],{"class":947},[52,157161,80],{"class":66},[52,157163,4524],{"class":947},[52,157165,144],{"class":66},[52,157167,157168],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157169,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157171,157172,157174,157176,157178,157180,157182],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157173,135],{"class":134},[52,157175,138],{"class":66},[52,157177,1037],{"class":117},[52,157179,3344],{"class":66},[52,157181,1047],{"class":947},[52,157183,77148],{"class":66},[20,157185,1509],{},[43,157187,157189],{"className":45,"code":157188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157190,157191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157192,157193,157195,157197,157199,157201,157203,157205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157194,138],{"class":66},[52,157196,36274],{"class":947},[52,157198,80],{"class":66},[52,157200,50280],{"class":947},[52,157202,80],{"class":66},[52,157204,4524],{"class":947},[52,157206,144],{"class":66},[699,157208,157210],{"id":157209},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[43,157212,157214],{"className":45,"code":157213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157215,157216,157244,157248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157217,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157219,940],{"class":58},[52,157221,63],{"class":62},[52,157223,8684],{"class":66},[52,157225,1770],{"class":947},[52,157227,80],{"class":66},[52,157229,7237],{"class":947},[52,157231,80],{"class":66},[52,157233,7242],{"class":947},[52,157235,80],{"class":66},[52,157237,50280],{"class":947},[52,157239,80],{"class":66},[52,157241,4524],{"class":947},[52,157243,144],{"class":66},[52,157245,157246],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157247,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157249,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262,157264],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157251,135],{"class":134},[52,157253,138],{"class":66},[52,157255,1037],{"class":117},[52,157257,3344],{"class":66},[52,157259,948],{"class":947},[52,157261,202],{"class":66},[52,157263,1943],{"class":947},[52,157265,3332],{"class":66},[20,157267,1509],{},[43,157269,157271],{"className":45,"code":157270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157272,157273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157274,157275,157277,157279,157281,157283,157285,157287],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157276,138],{"class":66},[52,157278,15193],{"class":947},[52,157280,80],{"class":66},[52,157282,7242],{"class":947},[52,157284,80],{"class":66},[52,157286,50280],{"class":947},[52,157288,144],{"class":66},[699,157290,157292],{"id":157291},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[43,157294,157296],{"className":45,"code":157295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157297,157298,157330,157334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157299,157300,157302,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157301,940],{"class":58},[52,157303,63],{"class":62},[52,157305,8684],{"class":66},[52,157307,1770],{"class":947},[52,157309,80],{"class":66},[52,157311,7237],{"class":947},[52,157313,80],{"class":66},[52,157315,7242],{"class":947},[52,157317,80],{"class":66},[52,157319,50280],{"class":947},[52,157321,80],{"class":66},[52,157323,4524],{"class":947},[52,157325,80],{"class":66},[52,157327,75532],{"class":947},[52,157329,144],{"class":66},[52,157331,157332],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157333,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157335,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157337,135],{"class":134},[52,157339,138],{"class":66},[52,157341,1037],{"class":117},[52,157343,73554],{"class":66},[52,157345,1047],{"class":947},[52,157347,3332],{"class":66},[20,157349,1509],{},[43,157351,157353],{"className":45,"code":157352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157354,157355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157356,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157358,138],{"class":66},[52,157360,1770],{"class":947},[52,157362,80],{"class":66},[52,157364,7242],{"class":947},[52,157366,80],{"class":66},[52,157368,4524],{"class":947},[52,157370,144],{"class":66},[699,157372,157374],{"id":157373},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[43,157376,157378],{"className":45,"code":157377,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157379,157380,157408,157412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157381,157382,157384,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157383,940],{"class":58},[52,157385,63],{"class":62},[52,157387,8684],{"class":66},[52,157389,1770],{"class":947},[52,157391,80],{"class":66},[52,157393,7237],{"class":947},[52,157395,80],{"class":66},[52,157397,7242],{"class":947},[52,157399,80],{"class":66},[52,157401,50280],{"class":947},[52,157403,80],{"class":66},[52,157405,4524],{"class":947},[52,157407,144],{"class":66},[52,157409,157410],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157411,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157413,157414,157416,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157415,135],{"class":134},[52,157417,138],{"class":66},[52,157419,1037],{"class":117},[52,157421,73554],{"class":66},[52,157423,1460],{"class":62},[52,157425,948],{"class":947},[52,157427,3332],{"class":66},[20,157429,1509],{},[43,157431,157433],{"className":45,"code":157432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157434,157435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157436,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157438,138],{"class":66},[52,157440,76226],{"class":947},[52,157442,80],{"class":66},[52,157444,50280],{"class":947},[52,157446,80],{"class":66},[52,157448,7242],{"class":947},[52,157450,80],{"class":66},[52,157452,7237],{"class":947},[52,157454,80],{"class":66},[52,157456,5451],{"class":947},[52,157458,144],{"class":66},[38,157460,75742],{"id":75741},[20,157462,153645],{},[20,157464,157465],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[699,157467,157469],{"id":157468},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[43,157471,157473],{"className":45,"code":157472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157474,157475,157507,157511],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157476,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493,157495,157497,157499,157501,157503,157505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157478,940],{"class":58},[52,157480,63],{"class":62},[52,157482,8684],{"class":66},[52,157484,1770],{"class":947},[52,157486,80],{"class":66},[52,157488,7237],{"class":947},[52,157490,80],{"class":66},[52,157492,7242],{"class":947},[52,157494,80],{"class":66},[52,157496,50280],{"class":947},[52,157498,80],{"class":66},[52,157500,4524],{"class":947},[52,157502,80],{"class":66},[52,157504,75532],{"class":947},[52,157506,144],{"class":66},[52,157508,157509],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157510,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157512,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157514,135],{"class":134},[52,157516,138],{"class":66},[52,157518,1037],{"class":117},[52,157520,3344],{"class":66},[52,157522,1460],{"class":62},[52,157524,1500],{"class":947},[52,157526,77148],{"class":66},[20,157528,1509],{},[43,157530,157532],{"className":45,"code":157531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157533,157534],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157535,157536,157538,157540,157542,157544,157546,157548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157537,138],{"class":66},[52,157539,56128],{"class":947},[52,157541,80],{"class":66},[52,157543,4524],{"class":947},[52,157545,80],{"class":66},[52,157547,75532],{"class":947},[52,157549,144],{"class":66},[699,157551,157553],{"id":157552},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[43,157555,157557],{"className":45,"code":157556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157558,157559,157587,157591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157560,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577,157579,157581,157583,157585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157562,940],{"class":58},[52,157564,63],{"class":62},[52,157566,8684],{"class":66},[52,157568,1770],{"class":947},[52,157570,80],{"class":66},[52,157572,7237],{"class":947},[52,157574,80],{"class":66},[52,157576,7242],{"class":947},[52,157578,80],{"class":66},[52,157580,50280],{"class":947},[52,157582,80],{"class":66},[52,157584,4524],{"class":947},[52,157586,144],{"class":66},[52,157588,157589],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157590,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157592,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157594,135],{"class":134},[52,157596,138],{"class":66},[52,157598,1037],{"class":117},[52,157600,74967],{"class":66},[52,157602,1460],{"class":62},[52,157604,948],{"class":947},[52,157606,3332],{"class":66},[20,157608,1509],{},[43,157610,157612],{"className":45,"code":157611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157613,157614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157615,157616,157618,157620,157622,157624,157626,157628,157630,157632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157617,138],{"class":66},[52,157619,1770],{"class":947},[52,157621,80],{"class":66},[52,157623,7237],{"class":947},[52,157625,80],{"class":66},[52,157627,7242],{"class":947},[52,157629,80],{"class":66},[52,157631,50280],{"class":947},[52,157633,144],{"class":66},[20,157635,157636,157637,114],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[221,157638,150195],{"href":156529},[38,157640,157642],{"id":157641},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157644,1418,157645,157647],{},[15,157646,74861],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[163,157649,157650,157652,157654,157660],{},[166,157651,75998],{},[166,157653,76001],{},[166,157655,157656,157659],{},[15,157657,157658],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[166,157661,157662,157663,157665],{},"A step of ",[15,157664,1558],{}," is not allowed",[20,157667,157668],{},"Example with a positive step:",[43,157670,157672],{"className":45,"code":157671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157673,157674,157706,157710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157675,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157677,940],{"class":58},[52,157679,63],{"class":62},[52,157681,8684],{"class":66},[52,157683,1770],{"class":947},[52,157685,80],{"class":66},[52,157687,7237],{"class":947},[52,157689,80],{"class":66},[52,157691,7242],{"class":947},[52,157693,80],{"class":66},[52,157695,50280],{"class":947},[52,157697,80],{"class":66},[52,157699,4524],{"class":947},[52,157701,80],{"class":66},[52,157703,75532],{"class":947},[52,157705,144],{"class":66},[52,157707,157708],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157709,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157711,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157713,135],{"class":134},[52,157715,138],{"class":66},[52,157717,1037],{"class":117},[52,157719,3344],{"class":66},[52,157721,948],{"class":947},[52,157723,202],{"class":66},[52,157725,80026],{"class":947},[52,157727,202],{"class":66},[52,157729,1047],{"class":947},[52,157731,3332],{"class":66},[20,157733,1509],{},[43,157735,157737],{"className":45,"code":157736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157738,157739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157740,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157742,138],{"class":66},[52,157744,15193],{"class":947},[52,157746,80],{"class":66},[52,157748,50280],{"class":947},[52,157750,80],{"class":66},[52,157752,75532],{"class":947},[52,157754,144],{"class":66},[20,157756,157757],{},"Example with a negative step:",[43,157759,157761],{"className":45,"code":157760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157762,157763,157791,157795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157764,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777,157779,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157766,940],{"class":58},[52,157768,63],{"class":62},[52,157770,8684],{"class":66},[52,157772,1770],{"class":947},[52,157774,80],{"class":66},[52,157776,7237],{"class":947},[52,157778,80],{"class":66},[52,157780,7242],{"class":947},[52,157782,80],{"class":66},[52,157784,50280],{"class":947},[52,157786,80],{"class":66},[52,157788,4524],{"class":947},[52,157790,144],{"class":66},[52,157792,157793],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157794,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157796,157797,157799,157801,157803,157805,157807,157809,157811,157813,157815,157817],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157798,135],{"class":134},[52,157800,138],{"class":66},[52,157802,1037],{"class":117},[52,157804,3344],{"class":66},[52,157806,1943],{"class":947},[52,157808,202],{"class":66},[52,157810,948],{"class":947},[52,157812,202],{"class":66},[52,157814,1460],{"class":62},[52,157816,948],{"class":947},[52,157818,3332],{"class":66},[20,157820,1509],{},[43,157822,157824],{"className":45,"code":157823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157825,157826],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157827,157828,157830,157832,157834,157836,157838,157840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157829,138],{"class":66},[52,157831,76226],{"class":947},[52,157833,80],{"class":66},[52,157835,50280],{"class":947},[52,157837,80],{"class":66},[52,157839,7242],{"class":947},[52,157841,144],{"class":66},[20,157843,157844],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[43,157846,157848],{"className":45,"code":157847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157849,157850,157870,157874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157851,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157853,940],{"class":58},[52,157855,63],{"class":62},[52,157857,8684],{"class":66},[52,157859,1770],{"class":947},[52,157861,80],{"class":66},[52,157863,7237],{"class":947},[52,157865,80],{"class":66},[52,157867,7242],{"class":947},[52,157869,144],{"class":66},[52,157871,157872],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157873,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157875,157876,157878,157880,157882,157884,157886],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157877,135],{"class":134},[52,157879,138],{"class":66},[52,157881,1037],{"class":117},[52,157883,73554],{"class":66},[52,157885,1558],{"class":947},[52,157887,3332],{"class":66},[20,157889,157890],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[38,157892,157894],{"id":157893},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157896,157897,157898,33173],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,157899,48389],{},[699,157901,157903],{"id":157902},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[43,157905,157907],{"className":45,"code":157906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157908,157909,157933,157937,157955,157959,157969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157910,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157912,940],{"class":58},[52,157914,63],{"class":62},[52,157916,8684],{"class":66},[52,157918,1770],{"class":947},[52,157920,80],{"class":66},[52,157922,7237],{"class":947},[52,157924,80],{"class":66},[52,157926,7242],{"class":947},[52,157928,80],{"class":66},[52,157930,50280],{"class":947},[52,157932,144],{"class":66},[52,157934,157935],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,157936,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157938,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,157940,1668],{"class":58},[52,157942,63],{"class":62},[52,157944,970],{"class":58},[52,157946,3344],{"class":66},[52,157948,948],{"class":947},[52,157950,202],{"class":66},[52,157952,1500],{"class":947},[52,157954,3076],{"class":66},[52,157956,157957],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,157958,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,157960,157961,157963,157965,157967],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,157962,135],{"class":134},[52,157964,138],{"class":66},[52,157966,1703],{"class":117},[52,157968,144],{"class":66},[52,157970,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,157972,135],{"class":134},[52,157974,138],{"class":66},[52,157976,1231],{"class":600},[52,157978,138],{"class":66},[52,157980,1703],{"class":117},[52,157982,1222],{"class":66},[20,157984,1509],{},[43,157986,157988],{"className":45,"code":157987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,157989,157990,158002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157991,157992,157994,157996,157998,158000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157993,138],{"class":66},[52,157995,15193],{"class":947},[52,157997,80],{"class":66},[52,157999,7242],{"class":947},[52,158001,144],{"class":66},[52,158003,158004,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158005,2729],{"class":62},[52,158007,2732],{"class":1503},[52,158009,617],{"class":70},[52,158011,48389],{"class":74},[52,158013,608],{"class":70},[52,158015,2741],{"class":62},[699,158017,158019],{"id":158018},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[43,158021,158023],{"className":45,"code":158022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158024,158025,158045,158049,158067,158071,158081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158026,158027,158029,158031,158033,158035,158037,158039,158041,158043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158028,940],{"class":58},[52,158030,63],{"class":62},[52,158032,8684],{"class":66},[52,158034,1770],{"class":947},[52,158036,80],{"class":66},[52,158038,7237],{"class":947},[52,158040,80],{"class":66},[52,158042,7242],{"class":947},[52,158044,144],{"class":66},[52,158046,158047],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158048,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158050,158051,158053,158055,158057,158059,158061,158063,158065],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158052,1668],{"class":58},[52,158054,63],{"class":62},[52,158056,970],{"class":58},[52,158058,3344],{"class":66},[52,158060,948],{"class":947},[52,158062,202],{"class":66},[52,158064,1047],{"class":947},[52,158066,3076],{"class":66},[52,158068,158069],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158070,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158072,158073,158075,158077,158079],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,158074,135],{"class":134},[52,158076,138],{"class":66},[52,158078,1703],{"class":117},[52,158080,144],{"class":66},[52,158082,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,158084,135],{"class":134},[52,158086,138],{"class":66},[52,158088,1231],{"class":600},[52,158090,138],{"class":66},[52,158092,1703],{"class":117},[52,158094,1222],{"class":66},[20,158096,1509],{},[43,158098,158100],{"className":45,"code":158099,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158101,158102,158110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158103,158104,158106,158108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158105,138],{"class":66},[52,158107,15193],{"class":947},[52,158109,148629],{"class":66},[52,158111,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120,158122],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158113,2729],{"class":62},[52,158115,2732],{"class":1503},[52,158117,617],{"class":70},[52,158119,48389],{"class":74},[52,158121,608],{"class":70},[52,158123,2741],{"class":62},[699,158125,158127],{"id":158126},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[43,158129,158131],{"className":45,"code":158130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158132,158133,158153,158157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158134,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149,158151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158136,940],{"class":58},[52,158138,63],{"class":62},[52,158140,8684],{"class":66},[52,158142,1770],{"class":947},[52,158144,80],{"class":66},[52,158146,7237],{"class":947},[52,158148,80],{"class":66},[52,158150,7242],{"class":947},[52,158152,144],{"class":66},[52,158154,158155],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158156,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158158,158159,158161,158163,158165,158167,158169,158171,158173],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158160,135],{"class":134},[52,158162,138],{"class":66},[52,158164,1037],{"class":117},[52,158166,3344],{"class":66},[52,158168,1131],{"class":947},[52,158170,202],{"class":66},[52,158172,1785],{"class":947},[52,158174,3332],{"class":66},[20,158176,1509],{},[43,158178,158179],{"className":45,"code":121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158180,158181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158182,158183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158184,121],{"class":66},[20,158186,158187,158188,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[221,158189,155365],{"href":150252},[38,158191,158193],{"id":158192},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158195,158196],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[163,158198,158199,158201,158204,158209],{},[166,158200,76307],{},[166,158202,158203],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[166,158205,158206,158207],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158208,70165],{},[166,158210,158211],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158213,267],{},[43,158215,158217],{"className":45,"code":158216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158218,158219,158239,158243,158260,158281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158220,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233,158235,158237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158222,940],{"class":58},[52,158224,63],{"class":62},[52,158226,8684],{"class":66},[52,158228,1770],{"class":947},[52,158230,80],{"class":66},[52,158232,7237],{"class":947},[52,158234,80],{"class":66},[52,158236,7242],{"class":947},[52,158238,144],{"class":66},[52,158240,158241],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158242,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158244,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158246,135],{"class":134},[52,158248,138],{"class":66},[52,158250,1037],{"class":117},[52,158252,3344],{"class":66},[52,158254,948],{"class":947},[52,158256,19885],{"class":66},[52,158258,158259],{"class":3105},"    # one item\n",[52,158261,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274,158276,158278],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158263,135],{"class":134},[52,158265,138],{"class":66},[52,158267,1037],{"class":117},[52,158269,3344],{"class":66},[52,158271,948],{"class":947},[52,158273,202],{"class":66},[52,158275,1131],{"class":947},[52,158277,19885],{"class":66},[52,158279,158280],{"class":3105},"  # slice\n",[52,158282,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,158284,135],{"class":134},[52,158286,138],{"class":66},[52,158288,1037],{"class":117},[52,158290,3344],{"class":66},[52,158292,1131],{"class":947},[52,158294,202],{"class":66},[52,158296,1785],{"class":947},[52,158298,19885],{"class":66},[52,158300,158301],{"class":3105},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158303,1509],{},[43,158305,158307],{"className":45,"code":158306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158308,158309,158313,158325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158310,158311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158312,70658],{"class":947},[52,158314,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158316,138],{"class":66},[52,158318,15193],{"class":947},[52,158320,80],{"class":66},[52,158322,7242],{"class":947},[52,158324,144],{"class":66},[52,158326,158327],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158328,121],{"class":66},[20,158330,158331],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[43,158333,158335],{"className":45,"code":158334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158336,158337,158357,158361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158338,158339,158341,158343,158345,158347,158349,158351,158353,158355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158340,940],{"class":58},[52,158342,63],{"class":62},[52,158344,8684],{"class":66},[52,158346,1770],{"class":947},[52,158348,80],{"class":66},[52,158350,7237],{"class":947},[52,158352,80],{"class":66},[52,158354,7242],{"class":947},[52,158356,144],{"class":66},[52,158358,158359],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158360,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158362,158363,158365,158367,158369,158371,158373],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158364,135],{"class":134},[52,158366,138],{"class":66},[52,158368,1037],{"class":117},[52,158370,3344],{"class":66},[52,158372,1131],{"class":947},[52,158374,3332],{"class":66},[20,158376,158377,158378,158380,158381,114],{},"This raises an ",[15,158379,70165],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[221,158382,154118],{"href":158383},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[38,158385,14617],{"id":76574},[20,158387,158388],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[163,158390,158391,158394,158396,158399],{},[166,158392,158393],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[166,158395,60128],{},[166,158397,158398],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[166,158400,158401,158402],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158403,1558],{},[20,158405,158406],{},"Here are a few examples.",[699,158408,158410],{"id":158409},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[43,158412,158413],{"className":45,"code":157213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158414,158415,158443,158447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158416,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158418,940],{"class":58},[52,158420,63],{"class":62},[52,158422,8684],{"class":66},[52,158424,1770],{"class":947},[52,158426,80],{"class":66},[52,158428,7237],{"class":947},[52,158430,80],{"class":66},[52,158432,7242],{"class":947},[52,158434,80],{"class":66},[52,158436,50280],{"class":947},[52,158438,80],{"class":66},[52,158440,4524],{"class":947},[52,158442,144],{"class":66},[52,158444,158445],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158446,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158448,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158450,135],{"class":134},[52,158452,138],{"class":66},[52,158454,1037],{"class":117},[52,158456,3344],{"class":66},[52,158458,948],{"class":947},[52,158460,202],{"class":66},[52,158462,1943],{"class":947},[52,158464,3332],{"class":66},[20,158466,1509],{},[43,158468,158469],{"className":45,"code":157270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158470,158471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158472,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158474,138],{"class":66},[52,158476,15193],{"class":947},[52,158478,80],{"class":66},[52,158480,7242],{"class":947},[52,158482,80],{"class":66},[52,158484,50280],{"class":947},[52,158486,144],{"class":66},[20,158488,131697,158489,158491],{},[15,158490,1943],{}," is not included.",[699,158493,158495],{"id":158494},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158497,3968],{},[43,158499,158501],{"className":45,"code":158500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158502,158503,158527,158531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158504,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158506,940],{"class":58},[52,158508,63],{"class":62},[52,158510,8684],{"class":66},[52,158512,1770],{"class":947},[52,158514,80],{"class":66},[52,158516,7237],{"class":947},[52,158518,80],{"class":66},[52,158520,7242],{"class":947},[52,158522,80],{"class":66},[52,158524,50280],{"class":947},[52,158526,144],{"class":66},[52,158528,158529],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158530,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158532,158533],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158534,158535],{"class":3105},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158537,158538],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[43,158540,158541],{"className":45,"code":154198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158542,158543,158567,158571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158544,158545,158547,158549,158551,158553,158555,158557,158559,158561,158563,158565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158546,940],{"class":58},[52,158548,63],{"class":62},[52,158550,8684],{"class":66},[52,158552,1770],{"class":947},[52,158554,80],{"class":66},[52,158556,7237],{"class":947},[52,158558,80],{"class":66},[52,158560,7242],{"class":947},[52,158562,80],{"class":66},[52,158564,50280],{"class":947},[52,158566,144],{"class":66},[52,158568,158569],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158570,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158572,158573,158575,158577,158579,158581,158583,158585,158587],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158574,135],{"class":134},[52,158576,138],{"class":66},[52,158578,1037],{"class":117},[52,158580,3344],{"class":66},[52,158582,948],{"class":947},[52,158584,202],{"class":66},[52,158586,1500],{"class":947},[52,158588,3332],{"class":66},[699,158590,158592],{"id":158591},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[43,158594,158596],{"className":45,"code":158595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158597,158598,158622,158626,158641,158645,158656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158599,158600,158602,158604,158606,158608,158610,158612,158614,158616,158618,158620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158601,940],{"class":58},[52,158603,63],{"class":62},[52,158605,8684],{"class":66},[52,158607,1770],{"class":947},[52,158609,80],{"class":66},[52,158611,7237],{"class":947},[52,158613,80],{"class":66},[52,158615,7242],{"class":947},[52,158617,80],{"class":66},[52,158619,50280],{"class":947},[52,158621,144],{"class":66},[52,158623,158624],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158625,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158627,158628,158631,158633,158635,158637,158639],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158629,158630],{"class":58},"slice_result ",[52,158632,63],{"class":62},[52,158634,970],{"class":58},[52,158636,74967],{"class":66},[52,158638,1047],{"class":947},[52,158640,3076],{"class":66},[52,158642,158643],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158644,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,158646,158647,158649,158651,158654],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,158648,135],{"class":134},[52,158650,138],{"class":66},[52,158652,158653],{"class":117},"slice_result",[52,158655,144],{"class":66},[52,158657,158658,158660,158662,158664],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,158659,135],{"class":134},[52,158661,138],{"class":66},[52,158663,1037],{"class":117},[52,158665,144],{"class":66},[20,158667,1509],{},[43,158669,158671],{"className":45,"code":158670,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158672,158673,158685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158674,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158676,138],{"class":66},[52,158678,1770],{"class":947},[52,158680,80],{"class":66},[52,158682,7237],{"class":947},[52,158684,144],{"class":66},[52,158686,158687,158689,158691,158693,158695,158697,158699,158701,158703],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158688,138],{"class":66},[52,158690,1770],{"class":947},[52,158692,80],{"class":66},[52,158694,7237],{"class":947},[52,158696,80],{"class":66},[52,158698,7242],{"class":947},[52,158700,80],{"class":66},[52,158702,50280],{"class":947},[52,158704,144],{"class":66},[20,158706,158707],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[38,158709,113011],{"id":113010},[20,158711,158712],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[163,158714,158715,158718,158721,158727,158730],{},[166,158716,158717],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[166,158719,158720],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[166,158722,158723,158724],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158725,158726],{},"tuple[::0]",[166,158728,158729],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[166,158731,158732],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158734,158735],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[43,158737,158739],{"className":45,"code":158738,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158740,158741,158751,158769,158791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158742,158743,158745,158747,158749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158744,135],{"class":134},[52,158746,138],{"class":66},[52,158748,147291],{"class":117},[52,158750,144],{"class":66},[52,158752,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763,158765,158767],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,158754,135],{"class":134},[52,158756,138],{"class":66},[52,158758,147291],{"class":117},[52,158760,3344],{"class":66},[52,158762,948],{"class":947},[52,158764,202],{"class":66},[52,158766,1943],{"class":947},[52,158768,3332],{"class":66},[52,158770,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785,158787,158789],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,158772,135],{"class":134},[52,158774,138],{"class":66},[52,158776,1231],{"class":600},[52,158778,138],{"class":66},[52,158780,147291],{"class":117},[52,158782,3344],{"class":66},[52,158784,948],{"class":947},[52,158786,202],{"class":66},[52,158788,1943],{"class":947},[52,158790,2437],{"class":66},[52,158792,158793,158795,158797,158799,158801,158803],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,158794,135],{"class":134},[52,158796,138],{"class":66},[52,158798,1215],{"class":134},[52,158800,138],{"class":66},[52,158802,147291],{"class":117},[52,158804,1222],{"class":66},[20,158806,10613],{},[163,158808,158809,158811,158814,158817],{},[166,158810,154505],{},[166,158812,158813],{},"what the slice actually returns",[166,158815,158816],{},"that the result is a tuple",[166,158818,158819],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[38,158821,1273],{"id":1272},[699,158823,158825],{"id":158824},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158827,158828],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[699,158830,158832],{"id":158831},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158834,158835],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[699,158837,4586,158839,39393],{"id":158838},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158840,157658],{},[20,158842,158843],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[699,158845,158847,158848,1293],{"id":158846},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158849,70165],{},[20,158851,158852,158853,114],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158854,70165],{},[38,158856,1332],{"id":1331},[163,158858,158859,158863,158867,158871,158875],{},[166,158860,158861],{},[221,158862,155365],{"href":150252},[166,158864,158865],{},[221,158866,148946],{"href":152372},[166,158868,158869],{},[221,158870,150195],{"href":156529},[166,158872,158873],{},[221,158874,147273],{"href":156891},[166,158876,158877],{},[221,158878,154118],{"href":158383},[1364,158880,158881],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":158883},[158884,158885,158886,158887,158895,158899,158900,158905,158906,158911,158912,158920],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":156691,"depth":103,"text":156692},{"id":156894,"depth":103,"text":156895},{"id":75447,"depth":103,"text":75448,"children":158888},[158889,158891,158892,158893,158894],{"id":157052,"depth":124,"text":158890},"Get the first n items",{"id":157131,"depth":124,"text":157132},{"id":157209,"depth":124,"text":157210},{"id":157291,"depth":124,"text":157292},{"id":157373,"depth":124,"text":157374},{"id":75741,"depth":103,"text":75742,"children":158896},[158897,158898],{"id":157468,"depth":124,"text":157469},{"id":157552,"depth":124,"text":157553},{"id":157641,"depth":103,"text":157642},{"id":157893,"depth":103,"text":157894,"children":158901},[158902,158903,158904],{"id":157902,"depth":124,"text":157903},{"id":158018,"depth":124,"text":158019},{"id":158126,"depth":124,"text":158127},{"id":158192,"depth":103,"text":158193},{"id":76574,"depth":103,"text":14617,"children":158907},[158908,158909,158910],{"id":158409,"depth":124,"text":158410},{"id":158494,"depth":124,"text":158495},{"id":158591,"depth":124,"text":158592},{"id":113010,"depth":103,"text":113011},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":158913},[158914,158915,158916,158918],{"id":158824,"depth":124,"text":158825},{"id":158831,"depth":124,"text":158832},{"id":158838,"depth":124,"text":158917},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158846,"depth":124,"text":158919},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156535,"description":158921},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158928,"title":158929,"body":158930,"description":160753,"extension":1401,"meta":160754,"navigation":127,"path":34240,"seo":160755,"stem":160756,"__hash__":160757},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158931,"toc":160719},[158932,158937,158942,158946,158964,158967,158982,158988,158990,159047,159049,159081,159093,159099,159104,159107,159142,159148,159150,159153,159167,159170,159172,159195,159197,159215,159218,159234,159236,159239,159352,159354,159443,159446,159451,159457,159460,159463,159562,159564,159623,159628,159631,159700,159704,159736,159752,159757,159764,159771,159783,159785,159834,159836,159859,159865,159913,159918,159925,159933,159939,159942,159966,159969,159971,160047,160049,160074,160080,160083,160088,160092,160106,160108,160171,160173,160205,160208,160224,160226,160232,160239,160241,160260,160262,160280,160287,160292,160299,160301,160338,160341,160348,160352,160355,160413,160416,160419,160474,160476,160488,160494,160496,160500,160533,160540,160542,160605,160608,160610,160615,160629,160636,160644,160653,160662,160668,160674,160676,160716],[10,158933,3015,158935,3019],{"id":158934},"python-type-function-explained",[15,158936,1741],{},[20,158938,31748,158939,158941],{},[15,158940,1741],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,158943,62202,158944,103989],{},[15,158945,1741],{},[163,158947,158948,158951,158954,158957],{},[166,158949,158950],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[166,158952,158953],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[166,158955,158956],{},"debug confusing code",[166,158958,158959,158960],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[221,158961,158962],{"href":7666},[15,158963,2396],{},[20,158965,158966],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[43,158968,158970],{"className":45,"code":158969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(object)\n",[15,158971,158972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158973,158974,158976,158978,158980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158975,1231],{"class":600},[52,158977,138],{"class":66},[52,158979,41833],{"class":600},[52,158981,144],{"class":66},[20,158983,158984,158985,158987],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,158986,1741],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[38,158989,3049],{"id":3048},[43,158991,158993],{"className":45,"code":158992,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,158994,158995,159007,159021,159025,159033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158996,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158998,7323],{"class":58},[52,159000,63],{"class":62},[52,159002,83],{"class":70},[52,159004,4447],{"class":74},[52,159006,2797],{"class":70},[52,159008,159009,159011,159013,159015,159017,159019],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159010,135],{"class":134},[52,159012,138],{"class":66},[52,159014,1231],{"class":600},[52,159016,138],{"class":66},[52,159018,7115],{"class":117},[52,159020,1222],{"class":66},[52,159022,159023],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159024,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,159026,159027,159029,159031],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159028,1655],{"class":58},[52,159030,63],{"class":62},[52,159032,2026],{"class":947},[52,159034,159035,159037,159039,159041,159043,159045],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,159036,135],{"class":134},[52,159038,138],{"class":66},[52,159040,1231],{"class":600},[52,159042,138],{"class":66},[52,159044,1678],{"class":117},[52,159046,1222],{"class":66},[20,159048,1509],{},[43,159050,159051],{"className":45,"code":124358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159052,159053,159067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159054,159055,159057,159059,159061,159063,159065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159056,2729],{"class":62},[52,159058,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159060,617],{"class":70},[52,159062,2882],{"class":74},[52,159064,608],{"class":70},[52,159066,2741],{"class":62},[52,159068,159069,159071,159073,159075,159077,159079],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159070,2729],{"class":62},[52,159072,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159074,617],{"class":70},[52,159076,1626],{"class":74},[52,159078,608],{"class":70},[52,159080,2741],{"class":62},[20,159082,799,159083,159086,159087,803,159090,114],{},[15,159084,159085],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159088,159089],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159091,159092],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[38,159094,12439,159096,159098],{"id":159095},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159097,1741],{}," function does",[20,159100,159101,159103],{},[15,159102,1741],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159105,159106],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[163,159108,159109,159114,159119,159124,159129,159134],{},[166,159110,159111,159113],{},[15,159112,2882],{}," for text",[166,159115,159116,159118],{},[15,159117,1626],{}," for whole numbers",[166,159120,159121,159123],{},[15,159122,1630],{}," for decimal numbers",[166,159125,159126,159128],{},[15,159127,7540],{}," for lists",[166,159130,159131,159133],{},[15,159132,8268],{}," for dictionaries",[166,159135,159136,68531,159138,803,159140],{},[15,159137,3311],{},[15,159139,3044],{},[15,159141,3116],{},[20,159143,159144,159145,159147],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159146,1741],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[38,159149,228],{"id":227},[20,159151,159152],{},"The main beginner form is:",[43,159154,159155],{"className":45,"code":158969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159156,159157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159158,159159,159161,159163,159165],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159160,1231],{"class":600},[52,159162,138],{"class":66},[52,159164,41833],{"class":600},[52,159166,144],{"class":66},[20,159168,159169],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159171,267],{},[43,159173,159175],{"className":45,"code":159174,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159176,159177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159178,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187,159189,159191,159193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159180,135],{"class":134},[52,159182,138],{"class":66},[52,159184,1231],{"class":600},[52,159186,138],{"class":66},[52,159188,71],{"class":70},[52,159190,3288],{"class":74},[52,159192,71],{"class":70},[52,159194,1222],{"class":66},[20,159196,1509],{},[43,159198,159199],{"className":45,"code":45205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159200,159201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159202,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159204,2729],{"class":62},[52,159206,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159208,617],{"class":70},[52,159210,2882],{"class":74},[52,159212,608],{"class":70},[52,159214,2741],{"class":62},[20,159216,159217],{},"You can pass either:",[163,159219,159220,159227],{},[166,159221,159222,159223,456,159225],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159224,63970],{},[15,159226,45961],{},[166,159228,159229,159230,456,159232],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159231,7115],{},[15,159233,8747],{},[38,159235,121170],{"id":121169},[20,159237,159238],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[43,159240,159242],{"className":45,"code":159241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159243,159244,159262,159276,159290,159312,159338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159245,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159247,135],{"class":134},[52,159249,138],{"class":66},[52,159251,1231],{"class":600},[52,159253,138],{"class":66},[52,159255,71],{"class":70},[52,159257,3288],{"class":74},[52,159259,71],{"class":70},[52,159261,1222],{"class":66},[52,159263,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159265,135],{"class":134},[52,159267,138],{"class":66},[52,159269,1231],{"class":600},[52,159271,138],{"class":66},[52,159273,1770],{"class":947},[52,159275,1222],{"class":66},[52,159277,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159279,135],{"class":134},[52,159281,138],{"class":66},[52,159283,1231],{"class":600},[52,159285,138],{"class":66},[52,159287,39576],{"class":947},[52,159289,1222],{"class":66},[52,159291,159292,159294,159296,159298,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159293,135],{"class":134},[52,159295,138],{"class":66},[52,159297,1231],{"class":600},[52,159299,2424],{"class":66},[52,159301,948],{"class":947},[52,159303,80],{"class":66},[52,159305,953],{"class":947},[52,159307,80],{"class":66},[52,159309,958],{"class":947},[52,159311,2437],{"class":66},[52,159313,159314,159316,159318,159320,159322,159324,159326,159328,159330,159332,159334,159336],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,159315,135],{"class":134},[52,159317,138],{"class":66},[52,159319,1231],{"class":600},[52,159321,4976],{"class":66},[52,159323,71],{"class":70},[52,159325,7115],{"class":74},[52,159327,71],{"class":70},[52,159329,202],{"class":66},[52,159331,83],{"class":70},[52,159333,4447],{"class":74},[52,159335,71],{"class":70},[52,159337,4985],{"class":66},[52,159339,159340,159342,159344,159346,159348,159350],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,159341,135],{"class":134},[52,159343,138],{"class":66},[52,159345,1231],{"class":600},[52,159347,138],{"class":66},[52,159349,3044],{"class":3295},[52,159351,1222],{"class":66},[20,159353,1509],{},[43,159355,159357],{"className":45,"code":159356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159358,159359,159373,159387,159401,159415,159429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159360,159361,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159362,2729],{"class":62},[52,159364,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159366,617],{"class":70},[52,159368,2882],{"class":74},[52,159370,608],{"class":70},[52,159372,2741],{"class":62},[52,159374,159375,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159376,2729],{"class":62},[52,159378,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159380,617],{"class":70},[52,159382,1626],{"class":74},[52,159384,608],{"class":70},[52,159386,2741],{"class":62},[52,159388,159389,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159390,2729],{"class":62},[52,159392,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159394,617],{"class":70},[52,159396,1630],{"class":74},[52,159398,608],{"class":70},[52,159400,2741],{"class":62},[52,159402,159403,159405,159407,159409,159411,159413],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159404,2729],{"class":62},[52,159406,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159408,617],{"class":70},[52,159410,7540],{"class":74},[52,159412,608],{"class":70},[52,159414,2741],{"class":62},[52,159416,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425,159427],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,159418,2729],{"class":62},[52,159420,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159422,617],{"class":70},[52,159424,8268],{"class":74},[52,159426,608],{"class":70},[52,159428,2741],{"class":62},[52,159430,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439,159441],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,159432,2729],{"class":62},[52,159434,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159436,617],{"class":70},[52,159438,3311],{"class":74},[52,159440,608],{"class":70},[52,159442,2741],{"class":62},[20,159444,159445],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159447,159448,159449,114],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[221,159450,44232],{"href":48414},[38,159452,1185,159454,159456],{"id":159453},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159455,1741],{}," with variables",[20,159458,159459],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159461,159462],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[43,159464,159466],{"className":45,"code":159465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159467,159468,159476,159494,159498,159510,159528,159532,159544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159469,159470,159472,159474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159471,965],{"class":58},[52,159473,63],{"class":62},[52,159475,2026],{"class":947},[52,159477,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159479,135],{"class":134},[52,159481,138],{"class":66},[52,159483,985],{"class":117},[52,159485,80],{"class":66},[52,159487,48826],{"class":600},[52,159489,138],{"class":66},[52,159491,985],{"class":117},[52,159493,1222],{"class":66},[52,159495,159496],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159497,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,159499,159500,159502,159504,159506,159508],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159501,965],{"class":58},[52,159503,63],{"class":62},[52,159505,83],{"class":70},[52,159507,45342],{"class":74},[52,159509,2797],{"class":70},[52,159511,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520,159522,159524,159526],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,159513,135],{"class":134},[52,159515,138],{"class":66},[52,159517,985],{"class":117},[52,159519,80],{"class":66},[52,159521,48826],{"class":600},[52,159523,138],{"class":66},[52,159525,985],{"class":117},[52,159527,1222],{"class":66},[52,159529,159530],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,159531,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,159533,159534,159536,159538,159540,159542],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,159535,965],{"class":58},[52,159537,63],{"class":62},[52,159539,3063],{"class":66},[52,159541,1770],{"class":947},[52,159543,3076],{"class":66},[52,159545,159546,159548,159550,159552,159554,159556,159558,159560],{"class":54,"line":5871},[52,159547,135],{"class":134},[52,159549,138],{"class":66},[52,159551,985],{"class":117},[52,159553,80],{"class":66},[52,159555,48826],{"class":600},[52,159557,138],{"class":66},[52,159559,985],{"class":117},[52,159561,1222],{"class":66},[20,159563,1509],{},[43,159565,159567],{"className":45,"code":159566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159568,159569,159586,159603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159570,159571,159573,159576,159578,159580,159582,159584],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159572,1770],{"class":947},[52,159574,159575],{"class":62}," \u003C",[52,159577,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159579,617],{"class":70},[52,159581,1626],{"class":74},[52,159583,608],{"class":70},[52,159585,2741],{"class":62},[52,159587,159588,159591,159593,159595,159597,159599,159601],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159589,159590],{"class":58},"ten ",[52,159592,2729],{"class":62},[52,159594,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159596,617],{"class":70},[52,159598,2882],{"class":74},[52,159600,608],{"class":70},[52,159602,2741],{"class":62},[52,159604,159605,159607,159609,159611,159613,159615,159617,159619,159621],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159606,3344],{"class":66},[52,159608,1770],{"class":947},[52,159610,12712],{"class":66},[52,159612,159575],{"class":62},[52,159614,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159616,617],{"class":70},[52,159618,7540],{"class":74},[52,159620,608],{"class":70},[52,159622,2741],{"class":62},[20,159624,159625,159627],{},[15,159626,1741],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159629,159630],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[43,159632,159634],{"className":45,"code":159633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159635,159636,159654,159668,159672,159686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159637,159638,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650,159652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159639,2830],{"class":58},[52,159641,63],{"class":62},[52,159643,7689],{"class":134},[52,159645,138],{"class":66},[52,159647,71],{"class":70},[52,159649,41305],{"class":74},[52,159651,71],{"class":70},[52,159653,144],{"class":66},[52,159655,159656,159658,159660,159662,159664,159666],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159657,135],{"class":134},[52,159659,138],{"class":66},[52,159661,1231],{"class":600},[52,159663,138],{"class":66},[52,159665,2856],{"class":117},[52,159667,1222],{"class":66},[52,159669,159670],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159671,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,159673,159674,159676,159678,159680,159682,159684],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159675,122282],{"class":58},[52,159677,63],{"class":62},[52,159679,44711],{"class":600},[52,159681,138],{"class":66},[52,159683,2856],{"class":117},[52,159685,144],{"class":66},[52,159687,159688,159690,159692,159694,159696,159698],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,159689,135],{"class":134},[52,159691,138],{"class":66},[52,159693,1231],{"class":600},[52,159695,138],{"class":66},[52,159697,122305],{"class":117},[52,159699,1222],{"class":66},[20,159701,40554,159702,40558],{},[15,159703,8641],{},[43,159705,159706],{"className":45,"code":124358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159707,159708,159722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159709,159710,159712,159714,159716,159718,159720],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159711,2729],{"class":62},[52,159713,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159715,617],{"class":70},[52,159717,2882],{"class":74},[52,159719,608],{"class":70},[52,159721,2741],{"class":62},[52,159723,159724,159726,159728,159730,159732,159734],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159725,2729],{"class":62},[52,159727,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159729,617],{"class":70},[52,159731,1626],{"class":74},[52,159733,608],{"class":70},[52,159735,2741],{"class":62},[20,159737,45138,159738,159742,159743,456,159747,159751],{},[221,159739,159740],{"href":7666},[15,159741,2396],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[221,159744,159745],{"href":2313},[15,159746,2316],{},[221,159748,159749],{"href":2319},[15,159750,2322],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159753,159754,159755,114],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[221,159756,8428],{"href":8427},[38,159758,159760,897,159762],{"id":159759},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159761,1741],{},[15,159763,44240],{},[20,159765,159766,803,159768,159770],{},[15,159767,1741],{},[15,159769,44240],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[163,159772,159773,159778],{},[166,159774,159775,159777],{},[15,159776,1741],{}," tells you the exact type",[166,159779,159780,159782],{},[15,159781,44240],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159784,267],{},[43,159786,159788],{"className":45,"code":159787,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159789,159790,159798,159802,159816],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159791,159792,159794,159796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159793,965],{"class":58},[52,159795,63],{"class":62},[52,159797,34274],{"class":947},[52,159799,159800],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159801,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,159803,159804,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159805,135],{"class":134},[52,159807,138],{"class":66},[52,159809,1231],{"class":600},[52,159811,138],{"class":66},[52,159813,985],{"class":117},[52,159815,1222],{"class":66},[52,159817,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159819,135],{"class":134},[52,159821,138],{"class":66},[52,159823,48311],{"class":134},[52,159825,138],{"class":66},[52,159827,985],{"class":117},[52,159829,80],{"class":66},[52,159831,44711],{"class":600},[52,159833,1222],{"class":66},[20,159835,1509],{},[43,159837,159839],{"className":45,"code":159838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159840,159841,159855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159842,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159844,2729],{"class":62},[52,159846,2732],{"class":1503},[52,159848,617],{"class":70},[52,159850,1626],{"class":74},[52,159852,608],{"class":70},[52,159854,2741],{"class":62},[52,159856,159857],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159858,3424],{"class":3295},[20,159860,159861,159862,159864],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159863,44240],{}," is more practical.",[43,159866,159868],{"className":45,"code":159867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159869,159870,159878,159882,159898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159871,159872,159874,159876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159873,965],{"class":58},[52,159875,63],{"class":62},[52,159877,34274],{"class":947},[52,159879,159880],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,159881,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,159883,159884,159886,159888,159890,159892,159894,159896],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,159885,732],{"class":731},[52,159887,49049],{"class":134},[52,159889,138],{"class":66},[52,159891,985],{"class":117},[52,159893,80],{"class":66},[52,159895,44711],{"class":600},[52,159897,7789],{"class":66},[52,159899,159900,159902,159904,159906,159909,159911],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,159901,757],{"class":134},[52,159903,138],{"class":66},[52,159905,71],{"class":70},[52,159907,159908],{"class":74},"This is an integer",[52,159910,71],{"class":70},[52,159912,144],{"class":66},[20,159914,799,159915,159917],{},[15,159916,1741],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,159919,799,159920,159922,159923,6618],{},[15,159921,44240],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,159924,732],{},[20,159926,159927,159928,114],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[221,159929,3015,159931,2948],{"href":159930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,159932,44240],{},[38,159934,159936,159937],{"id":159935},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,159938,1741],{},[20,159940,159941],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[43,159943,159945],{"className":45,"code":159944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,159946,159947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159948,159949,159951,159953,159955,159957,159960,159962,159964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159950,1231],{"class":600},[52,159952,138],{"class":66},[52,159954,7115],{"class":117},[52,159956,80],{"class":66},[52,159958,159959],{"class":117}," bases",[52,159961,80],{"class":66},[52,159963,8618],{"class":600},[52,159965,144],{"class":66},[20,159967,159968],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,159970,267],{},[43,159972,159974],{"className":45,"code":159973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,159975,159976,160019,160023,160033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159977,159978,159981,159983,159985,159987,159989,159992,159994,159996,159999,160001,160003,160006,160008,160010,160012,160015,160017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159979,159980],{"class":58},"Person ",[52,159982,63],{"class":62},[52,159984,48826],{"class":600},[52,159986,138],{"class":66},[52,159988,71],{"class":70},[52,159990,159991],{"class":74},"Person",[52,159993,71],{"class":70},[52,159995,80],{"class":66},[52,159997,159998],{"class":66}," (),",[52,160000,67],{"class":66},[52,160002,71],{"class":70},[52,160004,160005],{"class":74},"species",[52,160007,71],{"class":70},[52,160009,202],{"class":66},[52,160011,83],{"class":70},[52,160013,160014],{"class":74},"human",[52,160016,71],{"class":70},[52,160018,29926],{"class":66},[52,160020,160021],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160022,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,160024,160025,160027,160029,160031],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160026,135],{"class":134},[52,160028,138],{"class":66},[52,160030,159991],{"class":117},[52,160032,144],{"class":66},[52,160034,160035,160037,160039,160041,160043,160045],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160036,135],{"class":134},[52,160038,138],{"class":66},[52,160040,159991],{"class":117},[52,160042,114],{"class":66},[52,160044,160005],{"class":24190},[52,160046,144],{"class":66},[20,160048,1509],{},[43,160050,160052],{"className":45,"code":160051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160053,160054,160069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160055,160056,160058,160060,160062,160065,160067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160057,2729],{"class":62},[52,160059,2732],{"class":1503},[52,160061,617],{"class":70},[52,160063,160064],{"class":74},"__main__.Person",[52,160066,608],{"class":70},[52,160068,2741],{"class":62},[52,160070,160071],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160072,160073],{"class":58},"human\n",[20,160075,160076,160077,160079],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160078,32],{}," need this form.",[20,160081,160082],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[38,160084,894,160086],{"id":160085},"when-to-use-type",[15,160087,1741],{},[20,160089,160090,11888],{},[15,160091,1741],{},[163,160093,160094,160097,160100,160103],{},[166,160095,160096],{},"debug unexpected values",[166,160098,160099],{},"check what a conversion produced",[166,160101,160102],{},"learn Python data types",[166,160104,160105],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160107,4918],{},[43,160109,160111],{"className":45,"code":160110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160112,160113,160125,160139,160143,160157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160114,160115,160117,160119,160121,160123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160116,34120],{"class":58},[52,160118,63],{"class":62},[52,160120,83],{"class":70},[52,160122,49682],{"class":74},[52,160124,2797],{"class":70},[52,160126,160127,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160128,1655],{"class":58},[52,160130,63],{"class":62},[52,160132,44711],{"class":600},[52,160134,138],{"class":66},[52,160136,34141],{"class":117},[52,160138,144],{"class":66},[52,160140,160141],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160142,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,160144,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160146,135],{"class":134},[52,160148,138],{"class":66},[52,160150,1231],{"class":600},[52,160152,138],{"class":66},[52,160154,34141],{"class":117},[52,160156,1222],{"class":66},[52,160158,160159,160161,160163,160165,160167,160169],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,160160,135],{"class":134},[52,160162,138],{"class":66},[52,160164,1231],{"class":600},[52,160166,138],{"class":66},[52,160168,1678],{"class":117},[52,160170,1222],{"class":66},[20,160172,1509],{},[43,160174,160175],{"className":45,"code":124358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160176,160177,160191],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160178,160179,160181,160183,160185,160187,160189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160180,2729],{"class":62},[52,160182,2732],{"class":1503},[52,160184,617],{"class":70},[52,160186,2882],{"class":74},[52,160188,608],{"class":70},[52,160190,2741],{"class":62},[52,160192,160193,160195,160197,160199,160201,160203],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160194,2729],{"class":62},[52,160196,2732],{"class":1503},[52,160198,617],{"class":70},[52,160200,1626],{"class":74},[52,160202,608],{"class":70},[52,160204,2741],{"class":62},[20,160206,160207],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160209,160210,160211,1627,160215,16512,160219,160223],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[221,160212,160213],{"href":41609},[15,160214,47119],{},[221,160216,160217],{"href":2313},[15,160218,2316],{},[221,160220,160221],{"href":2319},[15,160222,2322],{}," are often the next step.",[38,160225,24798],{"id":24797},[20,160227,160228,160229,160231],{},"A few things about ",[15,160230,1741],{}," often confuse beginners.",[699,160233,160235,160238],{"id":160234},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160236,160237],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160240,64079],{},[43,160242,160244],{"className":45,"code":160243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160245,160246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160247,160248,160250,160252,160254,160256,160258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160249,135],{"class":134},[52,160251,138],{"class":66},[52,160253,1231],{"class":600},[52,160255,138],{"class":66},[52,160257,1131],{"class":947},[52,160259,1222],{"class":66},[20,160261,122201],{},[43,160263,160264],{"className":45,"code":155713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160265,160266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160267,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160269,2729],{"class":62},[52,160271,2732],{"class":1503},[52,160273,617],{"class":70},[52,160275,1626],{"class":74},[52,160277,608],{"class":70},[52,160279,2741],{"class":62},[20,160281,40339,160282,160284,160285,114],{},[30,160283,32],{}," print just ",[15,160286,1626],{},[20,160288,6123,160289,160291],{},[15,160290,1741],{}," returns a class object.",[699,160293,160295,1837,160297],{"id":160294},"input-returns-str",[15,160296,2396],{},[15,160298,2882],{},[20,160300,78974],{},[43,160302,160304],{"className":45,"code":160303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160305,160306,160324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160307,160308,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320,160322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160309,965],{"class":58},[52,160311,63],{"class":62},[52,160313,7689],{"class":134},[52,160315,138],{"class":66},[52,160317,71],{"class":70},[52,160319,45745],{"class":74},[52,160321,71],{"class":70},[52,160323,144],{"class":66},[52,160325,160326,160328,160330,160332,160334,160336],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160327,135],{"class":134},[52,160329,138],{"class":66},[52,160331,1231],{"class":600},[52,160333,138],{"class":66},[52,160335,985],{"class":117},[52,160337,1222],{"class":66},[20,160339,160340],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160342,160343,160344,456,160346,114],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160345,2316],{},[15,160347,2322],{},[699,160349,160351],{"id":160350},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160353,160354],{},"Avoid code like this:",[43,160356,160358],{"className":45,"code":160357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160359,160360,160368,160372,160398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160361,160362,160364,160366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160363,965],{"class":58},[52,160365,63],{"class":62},[52,160367,34274],{"class":947},[52,160369,160370],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160371,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,160373,160374,160376,160378,160380,160382,160384,160386,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160375,732],{"class":731},[52,160377,48340],{"class":600},[52,160379,138],{"class":66},[52,160381,1231],{"class":600},[52,160383,138],{"class":66},[52,160385,985],{"class":117},[52,160387,4807],{"class":66},[52,160389,5854],{"class":62},[52,160391,83],{"class":70},[52,160393,159092],{"class":74},[52,160395,71],{"class":70},[52,160397,737],{"class":66},[52,160399,160400,160402,160404,160406,160409,160411],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160401,757],{"class":134},[52,160403,138],{"class":66},[52,160405,71],{"class":70},[52,160407,160408],{"class":74},"It is an int",[52,160410,71],{"class":70},[52,160412,144],{"class":66},[20,160414,160415],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160417,160418],{},"Better options:",[43,160420,160422],{"className":45,"code":160421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160423,160424,160432,160436,160456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160425,160426,160428,160430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160427,965],{"class":58},[52,160429,63],{"class":62},[52,160431,34274],{"class":947},[52,160433,160434],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160435,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,160437,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448,160450,160452,160454],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160439,135],{"class":134},[52,160441,138],{"class":66},[52,160443,1231],{"class":600},[52,160445,138],{"class":66},[52,160447,985],{"class":117},[52,160449,3102],{"class":66},[52,160451,5854],{"class":62},[52,160453,44711],{"class":600},[52,160455,144],{"class":66},[52,160457,160458,160460,160462,160464,160466,160468,160470,160472],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160459,135],{"class":134},[52,160461,138],{"class":66},[52,160463,48311],{"class":134},[52,160465,138],{"class":66},[52,160467,985],{"class":117},[52,160469,80],{"class":66},[52,160471,44711],{"class":600},[52,160473,1222],{"class":66},[20,160475,1509],{},[43,160477,160478],{"className":45,"code":3947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160479,160480,160484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160481,160482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160483,3424],{"class":3295},[52,160485,160486],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160487,3424],{"class":3295},[20,160489,160490,160491,160493],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160492,44240],{}," is the more useful check.",[38,160495,1158],{"id":1157},[20,160497,14173,160498,202],{},[15,160499,1741],{},[163,160501,160502,160512,160521,160530],{},[166,160503,1185,160504,160506,160507,160511],{},[15,160505,1741],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[221,160508,160509],{"href":7666},[15,160510,2396],{}," always returns a string",[166,160513,1174,160514,160516,160517,1326,160519],{},[15,160515,1741],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160518,1626],{},[15,160520,159092],{},[166,160522,1185,160523,1312,160526,160529],{},[15,160524,160525],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160527,160528],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[166,160531,160532],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160534,160535,160536,114],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[221,160537,160539],{"href":160538},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160541,143867],{},[43,160543,160545],{"className":45,"code":160544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160546,160547,160561,160571,160585,160595],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160548,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160550,135],{"class":134},[52,160552,138],{"class":66},[52,160554,1231],{"class":600},[52,160556,138],{"class":66},[52,160558,985],{"class":117},[52,160560,1222],{"class":66},[52,160562,160563,160565,160567,160569],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160564,135],{"class":134},[52,160566,138],{"class":66},[52,160568,985],{"class":117},[52,160570,144],{"class":66},[52,160572,160573,160575,160577,160579,160581,160583],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160574,135],{"class":134},[52,160576,138],{"class":66},[52,160578,41213],{"class":134},[52,160580,138],{"class":66},[52,160582,985],{"class":117},[52,160584,1222],{"class":66},[52,160586,160587,160589,160591,160593],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160588,31583],{"class":134},[52,160590,138],{"class":66},[52,160592,1231],{"class":600},[52,160594,144],{"class":66},[52,160596,160597,160599,160601,160603],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,160598,33804],{"class":134},[52,160600,138],{"class":66},[52,160602,985],{"class":117},[52,160604,144],{"class":66},[20,160606,160607],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[38,160609,1273],{"id":1272},[699,160611,4586,160613,4589],{"id":160612},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160614,1741],{},[20,160616,160617,160618,1627,160620,1627,160622,1631,160624,160626,160627,114],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160619,2882],{},[15,160621,1626],{},[15,160623,7540],{},[15,160625,8268],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160628,159089],{},[699,160630,14343,160632,56641,160634,1293],{"id":160631},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160633,1741],{},[15,160635,44240],{},[20,160637,45800,160638,160640,160641,160643],{},[15,160639,1741],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160642,44240],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[699,160645,4602,160647,160650,160651,1293],{"id":160646},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160648,160649],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160652,2882],{},[20,160654,28496,160655,160657,160658,456,160660,159751],{},[15,160656,2396],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160659,2316],{},[15,160661,2322],{},[699,160663,4614,160665,160667],{"id":160664},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160666,1741],{}," create classes?",[20,160669,160670,160671,114],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160672,160673],{},"type(object)",[38,160675,1332],{"id":1331},[163,160677,160678,160682,160688,160694,160698,160704,160710],{},[166,160679,160680],{},[221,160681,44232],{"href":48414},[166,160683,160684],{},[221,160685,3015,160686,2948],{"href":159930},[15,160687,44240],{},[166,160689,160690],{},[221,160691,3015,160692,2948],{"href":7666},[15,160693,2396],{},[166,160695,160696],{},[221,160697,8505],{"href":8427},[166,160699,160700],{},[221,160701,3015,160702,2948],{"href":2313},[15,160703,2316],{},[166,160705,160706],{},[221,160707,3015,160708,2948],{"href":2319},[15,160709,2322],{},[166,160711,160712],{},[221,160713,3015,160714,2948],{"href":41609},[15,160715,47119],{},[1364,160717,160718],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":160720},[160721,160722,160724,160725,160726,160728,160730,160732,160734,160741,160742,160752],{"id":3048,"depth":103,"text":3049},{"id":159095,"depth":103,"text":160723},"What the type() function does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":121169,"depth":103,"text":121170},{"id":159453,"depth":103,"text":160727},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159759,"depth":103,"text":160729},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159935,"depth":103,"text":160731},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160085,"depth":103,"text":160733},"When to use type()",{"id":24797,"depth":103,"text":24798,"children":160735},[160736,160738,160740],{"id":160234,"depth":124,"text":160737},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160294,"depth":124,"text":160739},"input() returns str",{"id":160350,"depth":124,"text":160351},{"id":1157,"depth":103,"text":1158},{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":160743},[160744,160746,160748,160750],{"id":160612,"depth":124,"text":160745},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160631,"depth":124,"text":160747},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160646,"depth":124,"text":160749},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160664,"depth":124,"text":160751},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158929,"description":160753},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160759,"title":160760,"body":160761,"description":163240,"extension":1401,"meta":163241,"navigation":127,"path":163242,"seo":163243,"stem":163244,"__hash__":163245},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160762,"toc":163197},[160763,160768,160773,160782,160784,160884,160886,160911,160916,160921,160937,160940,160942,160944,160969,160972,160975,161058,161060,161109,161112,161234,161236,161309,161313,161316,161430,161432,161458,161460,161481,161486,161490,161495,161498,161602,161604,161621,161630,161633,161720,161722,161733,161738,161744,161749,161755,161758,161851,161853,161902,161908,161911,162012,162014,162067,162072,162076,162079,162178,162180,162219,162222,162227,162229,162234,162238,162351,162355,162452,162456,162544,162546,162563,162567,162690,162696,162702,162708,162713,162716,162743,162747,162749,162843,162846,162850,162853,162940,162943,162978,162980,163017,163020,163028,163033,163038,163112,163119,163121,163126,163129,163135,163138,163144,163149,163155,163160,163164,163167,163169,163194],[10,160764,3015,160766,3019],{"id":160765},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160767,63755],{},[20,160769,160770,160772],{},[15,160771,63755],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160774,160775,160776,160778,160779,160781],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160777,63755],{}," inside a ",[15,160780,5405],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[38,160783,41],{"id":40},[43,160785,160787],{"className":45,"code":160786,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160788,160789,160821,160841,160845,160870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160790,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799,160801,160803,160805,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160792,4438],{"class":58},[52,160794,63],{"class":62},[52,160796,3063],{"class":66},[52,160798,71],{"class":70},[52,160800,12323],{"class":74},[52,160802,71],{"class":70},[52,160804,80],{"class":66},[52,160806,83],{"class":70},[52,160808,35374],{"class":74},[52,160810,71],{"class":70},[52,160812,80],{"class":66},[52,160814,83],{"class":70},[52,160816,35383],{"class":74},[52,160818,71],{"class":70},[52,160820,3076],{"class":66},[52,160822,160823,160825,160827,160829,160831,160833,160835,160837,160839],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160824,4507],{"class":58},[52,160826,63],{"class":62},[52,160828,3063],{"class":66},[52,160830,12941],{"class":947},[52,160832,80],{"class":66},[52,160834,12946],{"class":947},[52,160836,80],{"class":66},[52,160838,28357],{"class":947},[52,160840,3076],{"class":66},[52,160842,160843],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160844,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,160846,160847,160849,160851,160853,160855,160857,160860,160862,160864,160866,160868],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,160848,5405],{"class":731},[52,160850,35425],{"class":58},[52,160852,80],{"class":66},[52,160854,4549],{"class":58},[52,160856,3326],{"class":731},[52,160858,160859],{"class":134}," zip",[52,160861,138],{"class":66},[52,160863,4482],{"class":117},[52,160865,80],{"class":66},[52,160867,4554],{"class":117},[52,160869,7789],{"class":66},[52,160871,160872,160874,160876,160878,160880,160882],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,160873,757],{"class":134},[52,160875,138],{"class":66},[52,160877,7115],{"class":117},[52,160879,80],{"class":66},[52,160881,130147],{"class":117},[52,160883,144],{"class":66},[20,160885,1509],{},[43,160887,160889],{"className":45,"code":160888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160890,160891,160897,160904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160892,160893,160895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160894,133166],{"class":58},[52,160896,32567],{"class":947},[52,160898,160899,160902],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,160900,160901],{"class":58},"Ben ",[52,160903,32572],{"class":947},[52,160905,160906,160909],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,160907,160908],{"class":58},"Cara ",[52,160910,32577],{"class":947},[20,160912,799,160913,160915],{},[15,160914,63755],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[38,160917,194,160919,197],{"id":160918},"what-zip-does",[15,160920,63755],{},[163,160922,160923,160928,160931,160934],{},[166,160924,160925,160927],{},[15,160926,63755],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[166,160929,160930],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[166,160932,160933],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[166,160935,160936],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,160938,160939],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[38,160941,228],{"id":227},[20,160943,6664],{},[43,160945,160947],{"className":45,"code":160946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,160948,160949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160950,160951,160953,160955,160958,160960,160963,160965,160967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160952,63825],{"class":134},[52,160954,138],{"class":66},[52,160956,160957],{"class":117},"iterable1",[52,160959,80],{"class":66},[52,160961,160962],{"class":117}," iterable2",[52,160964,80],{"class":66},[52,160966,33886],{"class":134},[52,160968,144],{"class":66},[20,160970,160971],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,160973,160974],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[43,160976,160978],{"className":45,"code":160977,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,160979,160980,161000,161032,161036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160981,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996,160998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160983,940],{"class":58},[52,160985,63],{"class":62},[52,160987,3063],{"class":66},[52,160989,948],{"class":947},[52,160991,80],{"class":66},[52,160993,953],{"class":947},[52,160995,80],{"class":66},[52,160997,958],{"class":947},[52,160999,3076],{"class":66},[52,161001,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028,161030],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161003,35524],{"class":58},[52,161005,63],{"class":62},[52,161007,3063],{"class":66},[52,161009,71],{"class":70},[52,161011,221],{"class":74},[52,161013,71],{"class":70},[52,161015,80],{"class":66},[52,161017,83],{"class":70},[52,161019,4204],{"class":74},[52,161021,71],{"class":70},[52,161023,80],{"class":66},[52,161025,83],{"class":70},[52,161027,9187],{"class":74},[52,161029,71],{"class":70},[52,161031,3076],{"class":66},[52,161033,161034],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161035,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161037,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050,161052,161054,161056],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161039,135],{"class":134},[52,161041,138],{"class":66},[52,161043,7540],{"class":600},[52,161045,138],{"class":66},[52,161047,63825],{"class":134},[52,161049,138],{"class":66},[52,161051,1037],{"class":117},[52,161053,80],{"class":66},[52,161055,69530],{"class":117},[52,161057,2350],{"class":66},[20,161059,1509],{},[43,161061,161063],{"className":45,"code":161062,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161064,161065],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161066,161067,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161068,21180],{"class":66},[52,161070,948],{"class":947},[52,161072,80],{"class":66},[52,161074,617],{"class":70},[52,161076,221],{"class":74},[52,161078,608],{"class":70},[52,161080,8681],{"class":66},[52,161082,8684],{"class":66},[52,161084,1047],{"class":947},[52,161086,80],{"class":66},[52,161088,617],{"class":70},[52,161090,4204],{"class":74},[52,161092,608],{"class":70},[52,161094,8681],{"class":66},[52,161096,8684],{"class":66},[52,161098,1500],{"class":947},[52,161100,80],{"class":66},[52,161102,617],{"class":70},[52,161104,9187],{"class":74},[52,161106,608],{"class":70},[52,161108,8697],{"class":66},[20,161110,161111],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[43,161113,161115],{"className":45,"code":161114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161116,161117,161149,161169,161203,161207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161118,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127,161129,161131,161133,161135,161137,161139,161141,161143,161145,161147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161120,4438],{"class":58},[52,161122,63],{"class":62},[52,161124,3063],{"class":66},[52,161126,71],{"class":70},[52,161128,12323],{"class":74},[52,161130,71],{"class":70},[52,161132,80],{"class":66},[52,161134,83],{"class":70},[52,161136,35374],{"class":74},[52,161138,71],{"class":70},[52,161140,80],{"class":66},[52,161142,83],{"class":70},[52,161144,35383],{"class":74},[52,161146,71],{"class":70},[52,161148,3076],{"class":66},[52,161150,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163,161165,161167],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161152,4507],{"class":58},[52,161154,63],{"class":62},[52,161156,3063],{"class":66},[52,161158,12941],{"class":947},[52,161160,80],{"class":66},[52,161162,12946],{"class":947},[52,161164,80],{"class":66},[52,161166,28357],{"class":947},[52,161168,3076],{"class":66},[52,161170,161171,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161199,161201],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161172,161173],{"class":58},"grades ",[52,161175,63],{"class":62},[52,161177,3063],{"class":66},[52,161179,71],{"class":70},[52,161181,21685],{"class":74},[52,161183,71],{"class":70},[52,161185,80],{"class":66},[52,161187,83],{"class":70},[52,161189,30030],{"class":74},[52,161191,71],{"class":70},[52,161193,80],{"class":66},[52,161195,83],{"class":70},[52,161197,161198],{"class":74},"B+",[52,161200,71],{"class":70},[52,161202,3076],{"class":66},[52,161204,161205],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161206,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161208,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161232],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,161210,135],{"class":134},[52,161212,138],{"class":66},[52,161214,7540],{"class":600},[52,161216,138],{"class":66},[52,161218,63825],{"class":134},[52,161220,138],{"class":66},[52,161222,4482],{"class":117},[52,161224,80],{"class":66},[52,161226,4554],{"class":117},[52,161228,80],{"class":66},[52,161230,161231],{"class":117}," grades",[52,161233,2350],{"class":66},[20,161235,1509],{},[43,161237,161239],{"className":45,"code":161238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161240,161241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161242,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275,161277,161279,161281,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161244,21180],{"class":66},[52,161246,608],{"class":70},[52,161248,12323],{"class":74},[52,161250,608],{"class":70},[52,161252,80],{"class":66},[52,161254,19337],{"class":947},[52,161256,80],{"class":66},[52,161258,617],{"class":70},[52,161260,21685],{"class":74},[52,161262,608],{"class":70},[52,161264,8681],{"class":66},[52,161266,8684],{"class":66},[52,161268,608],{"class":70},[52,161270,35374],{"class":74},[52,161272,608],{"class":70},[52,161274,80],{"class":66},[52,161276,12946],{"class":947},[52,161278,80],{"class":66},[52,161280,617],{"class":70},[52,161282,30030],{"class":74},[52,161284,608],{"class":70},[52,161286,8681],{"class":66},[52,161288,8684],{"class":66},[52,161290,608],{"class":70},[52,161292,35383],{"class":74},[52,161294,608],{"class":70},[52,161296,80],{"class":66},[52,161298,28357],{"class":947},[52,161300,80],{"class":66},[52,161302,617],{"class":70},[52,161304,161198],{"class":74},[52,161306,608],{"class":70},[52,161308,8697],{"class":66},[38,161310,161312],{"id":161311},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161314,161315],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[43,161317,161319],{"className":45,"code":161318,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161320,161321,161353,161373,161377,161401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161322,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335,161337,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161324,4438],{"class":58},[52,161326,63],{"class":62},[52,161328,3063],{"class":66},[52,161330,71],{"class":70},[52,161332,12323],{"class":74},[52,161334,71],{"class":70},[52,161336,80],{"class":66},[52,161338,83],{"class":70},[52,161340,35374],{"class":74},[52,161342,71],{"class":70},[52,161344,80],{"class":66},[52,161346,83],{"class":70},[52,161348,35383],{"class":74},[52,161350,71],{"class":70},[52,161352,3076],{"class":66},[52,161354,161355,161357,161359,161361,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161356,4507],{"class":58},[52,161358,63],{"class":62},[52,161360,3063],{"class":66},[52,161362,12941],{"class":947},[52,161364,80],{"class":66},[52,161366,12946],{"class":947},[52,161368,80],{"class":66},[52,161370,28357],{"class":947},[52,161372,3076],{"class":66},[52,161374,161375],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161376,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161378,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161380,5405],{"class":731},[52,161382,35425],{"class":58},[52,161384,80],{"class":66},[52,161386,4549],{"class":58},[52,161388,3326],{"class":731},[52,161390,160859],{"class":134},[52,161392,138],{"class":66},[52,161394,4482],{"class":117},[52,161396,80],{"class":66},[52,161398,4554],{"class":117},[52,161400,7789],{"class":66},[52,161402,161403,161405,161407,161409,161411,161413,161415,161417,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,161404,757],{"class":134},[52,161406,138],{"class":66},[52,161408,21734],{"class":1503},[52,161410,71],{"class":74},[52,161412,8726],{"class":947},[52,161414,7115],{"class":117},[52,161416,21743],{"class":947},[52,161418,161419],{"class":74}," scored ",[52,161421,8726],{"class":947},[52,161423,84951],{"class":117},[52,161425,21743],{"class":947},[52,161427,71],{"class":74},[52,161429,144],{"class":66},[20,161431,1509],{},[43,161433,161435],{"className":45,"code":161434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161436,161437,161444,161451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161438,161439,161442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161440,161441],{"class":58},"Ana scored ",[52,161443,32567],{"class":947},[52,161445,161446,161449],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161447,161448],{"class":58},"Ben scored ",[52,161450,32572],{"class":947},[52,161452,161453,161456],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161454,161455],{"class":58},"Cara scored ",[52,161457,32577],{"class":947},[20,161459,44365],{},[163,161461,161462,161471,161474],{},[166,161463,161464,161467,161468],{},[15,161465,161466],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161469,161470],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[166,161472,161473],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[166,161475,161476,803,161478,161480],{},[15,161477,7115],{},[15,161479,84951],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161482,161483,161484,114],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[221,161485,69049],{"href":69048},[38,161487,161489],{"id":161488},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161491,161492,161494],{},[15,161493,63755],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161496,161497],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[43,161499,161501],{"className":45,"code":161500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161502,161503,161544,161560,161564,161588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161504,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519,161521,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161540,161542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161506,4438],{"class":58},[52,161508,63],{"class":62},[52,161510,3063],{"class":66},[52,161512,71],{"class":70},[52,161514,12323],{"class":74},[52,161516,71],{"class":70},[52,161518,80],{"class":66},[52,161520,83],{"class":70},[52,161522,35374],{"class":74},[52,161524,71],{"class":70},[52,161526,80],{"class":66},[52,161528,83],{"class":70},[52,161530,35383],{"class":74},[52,161532,71],{"class":70},[52,161534,80],{"class":66},[52,161536,83],{"class":70},[52,161538,161539],{"class":74},"Dan",[52,161541,71],{"class":70},[52,161543,3076],{"class":66},[52,161545,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161547,4507],{"class":58},[52,161549,63],{"class":62},[52,161551,3063],{"class":66},[52,161553,12941],{"class":947},[52,161555,80],{"class":66},[52,161557,12946],{"class":947},[52,161559,3076],{"class":66},[52,161561,161562],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161563,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161565,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161584,161586],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161567,5405],{"class":731},[52,161569,35425],{"class":58},[52,161571,80],{"class":66},[52,161573,4549],{"class":58},[52,161575,3326],{"class":731},[52,161577,160859],{"class":134},[52,161579,138],{"class":66},[52,161581,4482],{"class":117},[52,161583,80],{"class":66},[52,161585,4554],{"class":117},[52,161587,7789],{"class":66},[52,161589,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,161591,757],{"class":134},[52,161593,138],{"class":66},[52,161595,7115],{"class":117},[52,161597,80],{"class":66},[52,161599,130147],{"class":117},[52,161601,144],{"class":66},[20,161603,1509],{},[43,161605,161607],{"className":45,"code":161606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161608,161609,161615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161610,161611,161613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161612,133166],{"class":58},[52,161614,32567],{"class":947},[52,161616,161617,161619],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161618,160901],{"class":58},[52,161620,32572],{"class":947},[20,161622,1725,161623,803,161626,161629],{},[15,161624,161625],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161627,161628],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161631,161632],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[43,161634,161636],{"className":45,"code":161635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161637,161638,161678,161694,161698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652,161654,161656,161658,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161641,4438],{"class":58},[52,161643,63],{"class":62},[52,161645,3063],{"class":66},[52,161647,71],{"class":70},[52,161649,12323],{"class":74},[52,161651,71],{"class":70},[52,161653,80],{"class":66},[52,161655,83],{"class":70},[52,161657,35374],{"class":74},[52,161659,71],{"class":70},[52,161661,80],{"class":66},[52,161663,83],{"class":70},[52,161665,35383],{"class":74},[52,161667,71],{"class":70},[52,161669,80],{"class":66},[52,161671,83],{"class":70},[52,161673,161539],{"class":74},[52,161675,71],{"class":70},[52,161677,3076],{"class":66},[52,161679,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161681,4507],{"class":58},[52,161683,63],{"class":62},[52,161685,3063],{"class":66},[52,161687,12941],{"class":947},[52,161689,80],{"class":66},[52,161691,12946],{"class":947},[52,161693,3076],{"class":66},[52,161695,161696],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161697,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161699,161700,161702,161704,161706,161708,161710,161712,161714,161716,161718],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161701,135],{"class":134},[52,161703,138],{"class":66},[52,161705,1215],{"class":134},[52,161707,138],{"class":66},[52,161709,4482],{"class":117},[52,161711,8681],{"class":66},[52,161713,37819],{"class":134},[52,161715,138],{"class":66},[52,161717,15828],{"class":117},[52,161719,1222],{"class":66},[20,161721,1509],{},[43,161723,161725],{"className":45,"code":161724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4 2\n",[15,161726,161727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161728,161729,161731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161730,1943],{"class":947},[52,161732,45024],{"class":947},[20,161734,161735,161736,114],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161737,63755],{},[38,161739,91541,161741,161743],{"id":161740},"converting-zip-output",[15,161742,63755],{}," output",[20,161745,28496,161746,161748],{},[15,161747,63755],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[699,161750,799,161752],{"id":161751},"use-listzip",[15,161753,161754],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161756,161757],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[43,161759,161761],{"className":45,"code":161760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161762,161763,161795,161815,161819,161841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161764,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161766,4438],{"class":58},[52,161768,63],{"class":62},[52,161770,3063],{"class":66},[52,161772,71],{"class":70},[52,161774,12323],{"class":74},[52,161776,71],{"class":70},[52,161778,80],{"class":66},[52,161780,83],{"class":70},[52,161782,35374],{"class":74},[52,161784,71],{"class":70},[52,161786,80],{"class":66},[52,161788,83],{"class":70},[52,161790,35383],{"class":74},[52,161792,71],{"class":70},[52,161794,3076],{"class":66},[52,161796,161797,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161798,4507],{"class":58},[52,161800,63],{"class":62},[52,161802,3063],{"class":66},[52,161804,12941],{"class":947},[52,161806,80],{"class":66},[52,161808,12946],{"class":947},[52,161810,80],{"class":66},[52,161812,28357],{"class":947},[52,161814,3076],{"class":66},[52,161816,161817],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161818,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161820,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161822,8663],{"class":58},[52,161824,63],{"class":62},[52,161826,22000],{"class":600},[52,161828,138],{"class":66},[52,161830,63825],{"class":134},[52,161832,138],{"class":66},[52,161834,4482],{"class":117},[52,161836,80],{"class":66},[52,161838,4554],{"class":117},[52,161840,1222],{"class":66},[52,161842,161843,161845,161847,161849],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,161844,135],{"class":134},[52,161846,138],{"class":66},[52,161848,8710],{"class":117},[52,161850,144],{"class":66},[20,161852,1509],{},[43,161854,161856],{"className":45,"code":161855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161857,161858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161859,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161861,21180],{"class":66},[52,161863,608],{"class":70},[52,161865,12323],{"class":74},[52,161867,608],{"class":70},[52,161869,80],{"class":66},[52,161871,19337],{"class":947},[52,161873,8681],{"class":66},[52,161875,8684],{"class":66},[52,161877,608],{"class":70},[52,161879,35374],{"class":74},[52,161881,608],{"class":70},[52,161883,80],{"class":66},[52,161885,12946],{"class":947},[52,161887,8681],{"class":66},[52,161889,8684],{"class":66},[52,161891,608],{"class":70},[52,161893,35383],{"class":74},[52,161895,608],{"class":70},[52,161897,80],{"class":66},[52,161899,28357],{"class":947},[52,161901,8697],{"class":66},[699,161903,799,161905],{"id":161904},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161906,161907],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161909,161910],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[43,161912,161914],{"className":45,"code":161913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161915,161916,161948,161976,161980,162002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161917,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161919,16682],{"class":58},[52,161921,63],{"class":62},[52,161923,3063],{"class":66},[52,161925,71],{"class":70},[52,161927,7115],{"class":74},[52,161929,71],{"class":70},[52,161931,80],{"class":66},[52,161933,83],{"class":70},[52,161935,8747],{"class":74},[52,161937,71],{"class":70},[52,161939,80],{"class":66},[52,161941,83],{"class":70},[52,161943,9857],{"class":74},[52,161945,71],{"class":70},[52,161947,3076],{"class":66},[52,161949,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,161951,3265],{"class":58},[52,161953,63],{"class":62},[52,161955,3063],{"class":66},[52,161957,71],{"class":70},[52,161959,12323],{"class":74},[52,161961,71],{"class":70},[52,161963,80],{"class":66},[52,161965,8754],{"class":947},[52,161967,80],{"class":66},[52,161969,83],{"class":70},[52,161971,15470],{"class":74},[52,161973,71],{"class":70},[52,161975,3076],{"class":66},[52,161977,161978],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,161979,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,161981,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,161983,12643],{"class":58},[52,161985,63],{"class":62},[52,161987,8618],{"class":600},[52,161989,138],{"class":66},[52,161991,63825],{"class":134},[52,161993,138],{"class":66},[52,161995,16363],{"class":117},[52,161997,80],{"class":66},[52,161999,3329],{"class":117},[52,162001,1222],{"class":66},[52,162003,162004,162006,162008,162010],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162005,135],{"class":134},[52,162007,138],{"class":66},[52,162009,16747],{"class":117},[52,162011,144],{"class":66},[20,162013,1509],{},[43,162015,162017],{"className":45,"code":162016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162018,162019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162020,162021,162023,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162022,8726],{"class":66},[52,162024,608],{"class":70},[52,162026,7115],{"class":74},[52,162028,608],{"class":70},[52,162030,202],{"class":66},[52,162032,617],{"class":70},[52,162034,12323],{"class":74},[52,162036,608],{"class":70},[52,162038,80],{"class":66},[52,162040,617],{"class":70},[52,162042,8747],{"class":74},[52,162044,608],{"class":70},[52,162046,202],{"class":66},[52,162048,8754],{"class":947},[52,162050,80],{"class":66},[52,162052,617],{"class":70},[52,162054,9857],{"class":74},[52,162056,608],{"class":70},[52,162058,202],{"class":66},[52,162060,617],{"class":70},[52,162062,15470],{"class":74},[52,162064,608],{"class":70},[52,162066,100],{"class":66},[20,162068,162069,162070,114],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[221,162071,30517],{"href":30516},[699,162073,162075],{"id":162074},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162077,162078],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[43,162080,162082],{"className":45,"code":162081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162083,162084,162108,162124,162128,162146,162150,162164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162085,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162087,4438],{"class":58},[52,162089,63],{"class":62},[52,162091,3063],{"class":66},[52,162093,71],{"class":70},[52,162095,12323],{"class":74},[52,162097,71],{"class":70},[52,162099,80],{"class":66},[52,162101,83],{"class":70},[52,162103,35374],{"class":74},[52,162105,71],{"class":70},[52,162107,3076],{"class":66},[52,162109,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162111,4507],{"class":58},[52,162113,63],{"class":62},[52,162115,3063],{"class":66},[52,162117,12941],{"class":947},[52,162119,80],{"class":66},[52,162121,12946],{"class":947},[52,162123,3076],{"class":66},[52,162125,162126],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162127,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162129,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142,162144],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162131,8663],{"class":58},[52,162133,63],{"class":62},[52,162135,160859],{"class":134},[52,162137,138],{"class":66},[52,162139,4482],{"class":117},[52,162141,80],{"class":66},[52,162143,4554],{"class":117},[52,162145,144],{"class":66},[52,162147,162148],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162149,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162151,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,162153,135],{"class":134},[52,162155,138],{"class":66},[52,162157,7540],{"class":600},[52,162159,138],{"class":66},[52,162161,8710],{"class":117},[52,162163,1222],{"class":66},[52,162165,162166,162168,162170,162172,162174,162176],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,162167,135],{"class":134},[52,162169,138],{"class":66},[52,162171,7540],{"class":600},[52,162173,138],{"class":66},[52,162175,8710],{"class":117},[52,162177,1222],{"class":66},[20,162179,1509],{},[43,162181,162183],{"className":45,"code":162182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162184,162185,162215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162186,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162188,21180],{"class":66},[52,162190,608],{"class":70},[52,162192,12323],{"class":74},[52,162194,608],{"class":70},[52,162196,80],{"class":66},[52,162198,19337],{"class":947},[52,162200,8681],{"class":66},[52,162202,8684],{"class":66},[52,162204,608],{"class":70},[52,162206,35374],{"class":74},[52,162208,608],{"class":70},[52,162210,80],{"class":66},[52,162212,12946],{"class":947},[52,162214,8697],{"class":66},[52,162216,162217],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162218,37730],{"class":66},[20,162220,162221],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162223,162224,162225,114],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[221,162226,4580],{"href":5033},[38,162228,40479],{"id":40478},[20,162230,162231,162232,114],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162233,63755],{},[699,162235,162237],{"id":162236},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[43,162239,162241],{"className":45,"code":162240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162242,162243,162275,162295,162299,162323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162244,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162246,4438],{"class":58},[52,162248,63],{"class":62},[52,162250,3063],{"class":66},[52,162252,71],{"class":70},[52,162254,12323],{"class":74},[52,162256,71],{"class":70},[52,162258,80],{"class":66},[52,162260,83],{"class":70},[52,162262,35374],{"class":74},[52,162264,71],{"class":70},[52,162266,80],{"class":66},[52,162268,83],{"class":70},[52,162270,35383],{"class":74},[52,162272,71],{"class":70},[52,162274,3076],{"class":66},[52,162276,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162278,4507],{"class":58},[52,162280,63],{"class":62},[52,162282,3063],{"class":66},[52,162284,12941],{"class":947},[52,162286,80],{"class":66},[52,162288,12946],{"class":947},[52,162290,80],{"class":66},[52,162292,28357],{"class":947},[52,162294,3076],{"class":66},[52,162296,162297],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162298,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162300,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315,162317,162319,162321],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162302,5405],{"class":731},[52,162304,35425],{"class":58},[52,162306,80],{"class":66},[52,162308,4549],{"class":58},[52,162310,3326],{"class":731},[52,162312,160859],{"class":134},[52,162314,138],{"class":66},[52,162316,4482],{"class":117},[52,162318,80],{"class":66},[52,162320,4554],{"class":117},[52,162322,7789],{"class":66},[52,162324,162325,162327,162329,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162326,757],{"class":134},[52,162328,138],{"class":66},[52,162330,21734],{"class":1503},[52,162332,71],{"class":74},[52,162334,8726],{"class":947},[52,162336,7115],{"class":117},[52,162338,21743],{"class":947},[52,162340,21746],{"class":74},[52,162342,8726],{"class":947},[52,162344,84951],{"class":117},[52,162346,21743],{"class":947},[52,162348,71],{"class":74},[52,162350,144],{"class":66},[699,162352,162354],{"id":162353},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[43,162356,162358],{"className":45,"code":162357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162359,162360,162392,162416,162420,162442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162361,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162363,16682],{"class":58},[52,162365,63],{"class":62},[52,162367,3063],{"class":66},[52,162369,71],{"class":70},[52,162371,12093],{"class":74},[52,162373,71],{"class":70},[52,162375,80],{"class":66},[52,162377,83],{"class":70},[52,162379,7115],{"class":74},[52,162381,71],{"class":70},[52,162383,80],{"class":66},[52,162385,83],{"class":70},[52,162387,15260],{"class":74},[52,162389,71],{"class":70},[52,162391,3076],{"class":66},[52,162393,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162395,3265],{"class":58},[52,162397,63],{"class":62},[52,162399,3063],{"class":66},[52,162401,46027],{"class":947},[52,162403,80],{"class":66},[52,162405,83],{"class":70},[52,162407,12323],{"class":74},[52,162409,71],{"class":70},[52,162411,80],{"class":66},[52,162413,3360],{"class":3295},[52,162415,3076],{"class":66},[52,162417,162418],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162419,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162421,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438,162440],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162423,8613],{"class":58},[52,162425,63],{"class":62},[52,162427,8618],{"class":600},[52,162429,138],{"class":66},[52,162431,63825],{"class":134},[52,162433,138],{"class":66},[52,162435,16363],{"class":117},[52,162437,80],{"class":66},[52,162439,3329],{"class":117},[52,162441,1222],{"class":66},[52,162443,162444,162446,162448,162450],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162445,135],{"class":134},[52,162447,138],{"class":66},[52,162449,8652],{"class":117},[52,162451,144],{"class":66},[699,162453,162455],{"id":162454},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[43,162457,162459],{"className":45,"code":162458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162460,162461,162481,162501,162505,162530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162462,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162464,80090],{"class":58},[52,162466,63],{"class":62},[52,162468,3063],{"class":66},[52,162470,1770],{"class":947},[52,162472,80],{"class":66},[52,162474,7237],{"class":947},[52,162476,80],{"class":66},[52,162478,7242],{"class":947},[52,162480,3076],{"class":66},[52,162482,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495,162497,162499],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162484,80111],{"class":58},[52,162486,63],{"class":62},[52,162488,3063],{"class":66},[52,162490,1770],{"class":947},[52,162492,80],{"class":66},[52,162494,8754],{"class":947},[52,162496,80],{"class":66},[52,162498,7242],{"class":947},[52,162500,3076],{"class":66},[52,162502,162503],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162504,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162506,162507,162509,162511,162513,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162508,5405],{"class":731},[52,162510,56323],{"class":58},[52,162512,80],{"class":66},[52,162514,162515],{"class":58}," b ",[52,162517,3326],{"class":731},[52,162519,160859],{"class":134},[52,162521,138],{"class":66},[52,162523,111034],{"class":117},[52,162525,80],{"class":66},[52,162527,80154],{"class":117},[52,162529,7789],{"class":66},[52,162531,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162533,757],{"class":134},[52,162535,138],{"class":66},[52,162537,1993],{"class":117},[52,162539,4131],{"class":62},[52,162541,1998],{"class":117},[52,162543,144],{"class":66},[20,162545,1509],{},[43,162547,162549],{"className":45,"code":162548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162550,162551,162555,162559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162552,162553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162554,3424],{"class":3295},[52,162556,162557],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162558,3485],{"class":3295},[52,162560,162561],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162562,3424],{"class":3295},[699,162564,162566],{"id":162565},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[43,162568,162570],{"className":45,"code":162569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162571,162572,162607,162630,162634,162661],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162573,162574,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162594,162596,162598,162600,162603,162605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162575,162576],{"class":58},"products ",[52,162578,63],{"class":62},[52,162580,3063],{"class":66},[52,162582,71],{"class":70},[52,162584,24581],{"class":74},[52,162586,71],{"class":70},[52,162588,80],{"class":66},[52,162590,83],{"class":70},[52,162592,162593],{"class":74},"Pen",[52,162595,71],{"class":70},[52,162597,80],{"class":66},[52,162599,83],{"class":70},[52,162601,162602],{"class":74},"Bag",[52,162604,71],{"class":70},[52,162606,3076],{"class":66},[52,162608,162609,162611,162613,162615,162618,162620,162623,162625,162628],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162610,82480],{"class":58},[52,162612,63],{"class":62},[52,162614,3063],{"class":66},[52,162616,162617],{"class":947},"12.5",[52,162619,80],{"class":66},[52,162621,162622],{"class":947}," 1.2",[52,162624,80],{"class":66},[52,162626,162627],{"class":947}," 25.0",[52,162629,3076],{"class":66},[52,162631,162632],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162633,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162635,162636,162638,162640,162642,162645,162647,162649,162651,162654,162656,162659],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162637,5405],{"class":731},[52,162639,24642],{"class":58},[52,162641,80],{"class":66},[52,162643,162644],{"class":58}," price ",[52,162646,3326],{"class":731},[52,162648,160859],{"class":134},[52,162650,138],{"class":66},[52,162652,162653],{"class":117},"products",[52,162655,80],{"class":66},[52,162657,162658],{"class":117}," prices",[52,162660,7789],{"class":66},[52,162662,162663,162665,162667,162669,162671,162673,162675,162677,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162664,757],{"class":134},[52,162666,138],{"class":66},[52,162668,21734],{"class":1503},[52,162670,71],{"class":74},[52,162672,8726],{"class":947},[52,162674,26448],{"class":117},[52,162676,21743],{"class":947},[52,162678,162679],{"class":74}," costs $",[52,162681,8726],{"class":947},[52,162683,24590],{"class":117},[52,162685,21743],{"class":947},[52,162687,71],{"class":74},[52,162689,144],{"class":66},[20,162691,36034,162692,114],{},[221,162693,162695],{"href":162694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[38,162697,162699,162700],{"id":162698},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162701,63755],{},[699,162703,1174,162705,162707],{"id":162704},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162706,63755],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162709,162710,162712],{},[15,162711,63755],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162714,162715],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[43,162717,162719],{"className":45,"code":162718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162720,162721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162722,162723,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739,162741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162724,135],{"class":134},[52,162726,138],{"class":66},[52,162728,1215],{"class":134},[52,162730,138],{"class":66},[52,162732,111034],{"class":117},[52,162734,8681],{"class":66},[52,162736,37819],{"class":134},[52,162738,138],{"class":66},[52,162740,80377],{"class":117},[52,162742,1222],{"class":66},[699,162744,162746],{"id":162745},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162748,68272],{},[43,162750,162752],{"className":45,"code":162751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162753,162754,162790,162794,162807,162817,162821,162833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162755,162756,162758,162760,162762,162764,162766,162768,162770,162772,162774,162776,162778,162780,162782,162784,162786,162788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162757,8663],{"class":58},[52,162759,63],{"class":62},[52,162761,160859],{"class":134},[52,162763,2424],{"class":66},[52,162765,948],{"class":947},[52,162767,80],{"class":66},[52,162769,953],{"class":947},[52,162771,17501],{"class":66},[52,162773,3063],{"class":66},[52,162775,71],{"class":70},[52,162777,221],{"class":74},[52,162779,71],{"class":70},[52,162781,80],{"class":66},[52,162783,83],{"class":70},[52,162785,4204],{"class":74},[52,162787,71],{"class":70},[52,162789,3332],{"class":66},[52,162791,162792],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162793,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162795,162796,162798,162800,162802,162805],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162797,5405],{"class":731},[52,162799,5408],{"class":58},[52,162801,3326],{"class":731},[52,162803,162804],{"class":58}," pairs",[52,162806,737],{"class":66},[52,162808,162809,162811,162813,162815],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162810,757],{"class":134},[52,162812,138],{"class":66},[52,162814,337],{"class":117},[52,162816,144],{"class":66},[52,162818,162819],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162820,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162822,162823,162825,162827,162829,162831],{"class":54,"line":557},[52,162824,5405],{"class":731},[52,162826,5408],{"class":58},[52,162828,3326],{"class":731},[52,162830,162804],{"class":58},[52,162832,737],{"class":66},[52,162834,162835,162837,162839,162841],{"class":54,"line":782},[52,162836,757],{"class":134},[52,162838,138],{"class":66},[52,162840,337],{"class":117},[52,162842,144],{"class":66},[20,162844,162845],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[699,162847,162849],{"id":162848},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162851,162852],{},"This is correct:",[43,162854,162856],{"className":45,"code":162855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162857,162858,162882,162898,162902,162926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162859,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162861,4438],{"class":58},[52,162863,63],{"class":62},[52,162865,3063],{"class":66},[52,162867,71],{"class":70},[52,162869,12323],{"class":74},[52,162871,71],{"class":70},[52,162873,80],{"class":66},[52,162875,83],{"class":70},[52,162877,35374],{"class":74},[52,162879,71],{"class":70},[52,162881,3076],{"class":66},[52,162883,162884,162886,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162885,4507],{"class":58},[52,162887,63],{"class":62},[52,162889,3063],{"class":66},[52,162891,12941],{"class":947},[52,162893,80],{"class":66},[52,162895,12946],{"class":947},[52,162897,3076],{"class":66},[52,162899,162900],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,162901,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,162903,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,162905,5405],{"class":731},[52,162907,35425],{"class":58},[52,162909,80],{"class":66},[52,162911,4549],{"class":58},[52,162913,3326],{"class":731},[52,162915,160859],{"class":134},[52,162917,138],{"class":66},[52,162919,4482],{"class":117},[52,162921,80],{"class":66},[52,162923,4554],{"class":117},[52,162925,7789],{"class":66},[52,162927,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938],{"class":54,"line":147},[52,162929,757],{"class":134},[52,162931,138],{"class":66},[52,162933,7115],{"class":117},[52,162935,80],{"class":66},[52,162937,130147],{"class":117},[52,162939,144],{"class":66},[20,162941,162942],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[43,162944,162946],{"className":45,"code":162945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,162947,162948,162968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162949,162950,162952,162954,162956,162958,162960,162962,162964,162966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162951,5405],{"class":731},[52,162953,5408],{"class":58},[52,162955,3326],{"class":731},[52,162957,160859],{"class":134},[52,162959,138],{"class":66},[52,162961,4482],{"class":117},[52,162963,80],{"class":66},[52,162965,4554],{"class":117},[52,162967,7789],{"class":66},[52,162969,162970,162972,162974,162976],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,162971,757],{"class":134},[52,162973,138],{"class":66},[52,162975,337],{"class":117},[52,162977,144],{"class":66},[20,162979,1509],{},[43,162981,162983],{"className":45,"code":162982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,162984,162985,163001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162986,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162988,138],{"class":66},[52,162990,608],{"class":70},[52,162992,12323],{"class":74},[52,162994,608],{"class":70},[52,162996,80],{"class":66},[52,162998,19337],{"class":947},[52,163000,144],{"class":66},[52,163002,163003,163005,163007,163009,163011,163013,163015],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,163004,138],{"class":66},[52,163006,608],{"class":70},[52,163008,35374],{"class":74},[52,163010,608],{"class":70},[52,163012,80],{"class":66},[52,163014,12946],{"class":947},[52,163016,144],{"class":66},[20,163018,163019],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[699,163021,1185,163023,163025,163026],{"id":163022},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163024,63755],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163027,35182],{},[20,163029,799,163030,163032],{},[15,163031,63755],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163034,799,163035,163037],{},[15,163036,35182],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[43,163039,163040],{"className":45,"code":35351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,163041,163042,163074,163078,163098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163045,4438],{"class":58},[52,163047,63],{"class":62},[52,163049,3063],{"class":66},[52,163051,71],{"class":70},[52,163053,12323],{"class":74},[52,163055,71],{"class":70},[52,163057,80],{"class":66},[52,163059,83],{"class":70},[52,163061,35374],{"class":74},[52,163063,71],{"class":70},[52,163065,80],{"class":66},[52,163067,83],{"class":70},[52,163069,35383],{"class":74},[52,163071,71],{"class":70},[52,163073,3076],{"class":66},[52,163075,163076],{"class":54,"line":103},[52,163077,128],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":127},[52,163079,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094,163096],{"class":54,"line":124},[52,163081,5405],{"class":731},[52,163083,35254],{"class":58},[52,163085,80],{"class":66},[52,163087,35402],{"class":58},[52,163089,3326],{"class":731},[52,163091,35264],{"class":134},[52,163093,138],{"class":66},[52,163095,4482],{"class":117},[52,163097,7789],{"class":66},[52,163099,163100,163102,163104,163106,163108,163110],{"class":54,"line":131},[52,163101,757],{"class":134},[52,163103,138],{"class":66},[52,163105,35279],{"class":117},[52,163107,80],{"class":66},[52,163109,35425],{"class":117},[52,163111,144],{"class":66},[20,163113,163114,163115,114],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[221,163116,3015,163117,2948],{"href":91453},[15,163118,35182],{},[38,163120,1273],{"id":1272},[699,163122,4586,163124,4589],{"id":163123},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163125,63755],{},[20,163127,163128],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[699,163130,1277,163132,163134],{"id":163131},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163133,63755],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163136,163137],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[699,163139,163141,163142,1293],{"id":163140},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163143,63755],{},[20,163145,163146,163147,114],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163148,161754],{},[699,163150,163152,163153,1293],{"id":163151},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163154,63755],{},[20,163156,127512,163157,163159],{},[15,163158,161907],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[699,163161,163163],{"id":163162},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163165,163166],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[38,163168,1332],{"id":1331},[163,163170,163171,163176,163182,163186,163190],{},[166,163172,163173],{},[221,163174,163175],{"href":162694},"How to use zip in Python",[166,163177,163178],{},[221,163179,3015,163180,2948],{"href":91453},[15,163181,35182],{},[166,163183,163184],{},[221,163185,4661],{"href":5033},[166,163187,163188],{},[221,163189,69125],{"href":69048},[166,163191,163192],{},[221,163193,31691],{"href":30516},[1364,163195,163196],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":163198},[163199,163200,163202,163203,163204,163205,163213,163219,163228,163239],{"id":40,"depth":103,"text":41},{"id":160918,"depth":103,"text":163201},"What zip() does",{"id":227,"depth":103,"text":228},{"id":161311,"depth":103,"text":161312},{"id":161488,"depth":103,"text":161489},{"id":161740,"depth":103,"text":163206,"children":163207},"Converting zip() output",[163208,163210,163212],{"id":161751,"depth":124,"text":163209},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161904,"depth":124,"text":163211},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162074,"depth":124,"text":162075},{"id":40478,"depth":103,"text":40479,"children":163214},[163215,163216,163217,163218],{"id":162236,"depth":124,"text":162237},{"id":162353,"depth":124,"text":162354},{"id":162454,"depth":124,"text":162455},{"id":162565,"depth":124,"text":162566},{"id":162698,"depth":103,"text":163220,"children":163221},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163222,163224,163225,163226],{"id":162704,"depth":124,"text":163223},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162745,"depth":124,"text":162746},{"id":162848,"depth":124,"text":162849},{"id":163022,"depth":124,"text":163227},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1272,"depth":103,"text":1273,"children":163229},[163230,163232,163234,163236,163238],{"id":163123,"depth":124,"text":163231},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163131,"depth":124,"text":163233},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163140,"depth":124,"text":163235},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163151,"depth":124,"text":163237},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163162,"depth":124,"text":163163},{"id":1331,"depth":103,"text":1332},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160760,"description":163240},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944854499]