[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163206},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method":3,"nav-reference":1318},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1311,"extension":1312,"meta":1313,"navigation":383,"path":1314,"seo":1315,"stem":1316,"__hash__":1317},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1279},"minimark",[9,19,26,38,43,139,144,172,180,187,192,211,214,218,239,254,257,313,317,334,338,420,424,449,456,468,472,480,536,541,560,567,573,580,590,598,603,611,671,674,691,696,703,768,773,806,809,821,831,835,842,850,853,925,929,939,942,1006,1010,1015,1062,1068,1140,1148,1158,1161,1167,1174,1178,1181,1184,1188,1195,1200,1207,1213,1223,1231,1238,1241,1245,1275],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-set-remove-method","Python Set ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"remove()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"set.remove()"," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,27,28,29,33,34,37],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[30,31,32],"strong",{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,35,36],{},"KeyError",".",[39,40,42],"h2",{"id":41},"quick-example","Quick example",[44,45,50],"pre",{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n","python","",[15,51,52,102,126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54,57,61,65,69,73,77,79,82,85,88,90,92,94,97,99],"span",{"class":55,"line":56},"line",1,[53,58,60],{"class":59},"su5hD","colors ",[53,62,64],{"class":63},"smGrS","=",[53,66,68],{"class":67},"sP7_E"," {",[53,70,72],{"class":71},"sjJ54","\"",[53,74,76],{"class":75},"s_sjI","red",[53,78,72],{"class":71},[53,80,81],{"class":67},",",[53,83,84],{"class":71}," \"",[53,86,87],{"class":75},"blue",[53,89,72],{"class":71},[53,91,81],{"class":67},[53,93,84],{"class":71},[53,95,96],{"class":75},"green",[53,98,72],{"class":71},[53,100,101],{"class":67},"}\n",[53,103,105,108,110,114,117,119,121,123],{"class":55,"line":104},2,[53,106,107],{"class":59},"colors",[53,109,37],{"class":67},[53,111,113],{"class":112},"slqww","remove",[53,115,116],{"class":67},"(",[53,118,72],{"class":71},[53,120,87],{"class":75},[53,122,72],{"class":71},[53,124,125],{"class":67},")\n",[53,127,129,133,135,137],{"class":55,"line":128},3,[53,130,132],{"class":131},"sptTA","print",[53,134,116],{"class":67},[53,136,107],{"class":112},[53,138,125],{"class":67},[20,140,141],{},[30,142,143],{},"Possible output:",[44,145,147],{"className":46,"code":146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,148,149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150,151,154,157,159,161,163,166,168,170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152,153],{"class":67},"{",[53,155,156],{"class":71},"'",[53,158,76],{"class":75},[53,160,156],{"class":71},[53,162,81],{"class":67},[53,164,165],{"class":71}," '",[53,167,96],{"class":75},[53,169,156],{"class":71},[53,171,101],{"class":67},[20,173,174,175,177,178,37],{},"Use ",[15,176,17],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,179,36],{},[39,181,183,184,186],{"id":182},"what-setremove-does","What ",[15,185,24],{}," does",[20,188,189,191],{},[15,190,24],{},":",[193,194,195,199,202,205],"ul",{},[196,197,198],"li",{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[196,200,201],{},"Changes the original set in place",[196,203,204],{},"Does not return a new set",[196,206,207,208,210],{},"Raises ",[15,209,36],{}," if the value is missing",[20,212,213],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[39,215,217],{"id":216},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[44,219,221],{"className":46,"code":220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,222,223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,224,225,228,230,232,234,237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,226,227],{"class":59},"my_set",[53,229,37],{"class":67},[53,231,113],{"class":112},[53,233,116],{"class":67},[53,235,236],{"class":112},"value",[53,238,125],{"class":67},[193,240,241,246,251],{},[196,242,243,245],{},[15,244,227],{}," is the set you want to change",[196,247,248,250],{},[15,249,236],{}," is the item to remove",[196,252,253],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,255,256],{},"Here is a small example:",[44,258,260],{"className":46,"code":259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,261,262,287,303],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,263,264,267,269,271,275,277,280,282,285],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,265,266],{"class":59},"numbers ",[53,268,64],{"class":63},[53,270,68],{"class":67},[53,272,274],{"class":273},"srdBf","1",[53,276,81],{"class":67},[53,278,279],{"class":273}," 2",[53,281,81],{"class":67},[53,283,284],{"class":273}," 3",[53,286,101],{"class":67},[53,288,289,292,294,296,298,301],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,290,291],{"class":59},"numbers",[53,293,37],{"class":67},[53,295,113],{"class":112},[53,297,116],{"class":67},[53,299,300],{"class":273},"2",[53,302,125],{"class":67},[53,304,305,307,309,311],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,306,132],{"class":131},[53,308,116],{"class":67},[53,310,291],{"class":112},[53,312,125],{"class":67},[20,314,315],{},[30,316,143],{},[44,318,320],{"className":46,"code":319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3}\n",[15,321,322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,323,324,326,328,330,332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,325,153],{"class":67},[53,327,274],{"class":273},[53,329,81],{"class":67},[53,331,284],{"class":273},[53,333,101],{"class":67},[39,335,337],{"id":336},"simple-example","Simple example",[44,339,341],{"className":46,"code":340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,342,343,379,385,404,409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,344,345,348,350,352,354,357,359,361,363,366,368,370,372,375,377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,346,347],{"class":59},"fruits ",[53,349,64],{"class":63},[53,351,68],{"class":67},[53,353,72],{"class":71},[53,355,356],{"class":75},"apple",[53,358,72],{"class":71},[53,360,81],{"class":67},[53,362,84],{"class":71},[53,364,365],{"class":75},"banana",[53,367,72],{"class":71},[53,369,81],{"class":67},[53,371,84],{"class":71},[53,373,374],{"class":75},"orange",[53,376,72],{"class":71},[53,378,101],{"class":67},[53,380,381],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,382,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},true,"\n",[53,386,387,390,392,394,396,398,400,402],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,388,389],{"class":59},"fruits",[53,391,37],{"class":67},[53,393,113],{"class":112},[53,395,116],{"class":67},[53,397,72],{"class":71},[53,399,365],{"class":75},[53,401,72],{"class":71},[53,403,125],{"class":67},[53,405,407],{"class":55,"line":406},4,[53,408,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,410,412,414,416,418],{"class":55,"line":411},5,[53,413,132],{"class":131},[53,415,116],{"class":67},[53,417,389],{"class":112},[53,419,125],{"class":67},[20,421,422],{},[30,423,143],{},[44,425,427],{"className":46,"code":426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,428,429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,430,431,433,435,437,439,441,443,445,447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,432,153],{"class":67},[53,434,156],{"class":71},[53,436,356],{"class":75},[53,438,156],{"class":71},[53,440,81],{"class":67},[53,442,165],{"class":71},[53,444,374],{"class":75},[53,446,156],{"class":71},[53,448,101],{"class":67},[20,450,451,452,455],{},"This removes ",[15,453,454],{},"\"banana\""," from the set.",[20,457,458,459,462,463,37],{},"A set does ",[30,460,461],{},"not"," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[464,465,467],"a",{"href":466},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F","how to create a set in Python",[39,469,471],{"id":470},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,473,474,475,477,478,37],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,476,17],{}," raises a ",[15,479,36],{},[44,481,483],{"className":46,"code":482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,484,485,517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,486,487,489,491,493,495,497,499,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,488,60],{"class":59},[53,490,64],{"class":63},[53,492,68],{"class":67},[53,494,72],{"class":71},[53,496,76],{"class":75},[53,498,72],{"class":71},[53,500,81],{"class":67},[53,502,84],{"class":71},[53,504,87],{"class":75},[53,506,72],{"class":71},[53,508,81],{"class":67},[53,510,84],{"class":71},[53,512,96],{"class":75},[53,514,72],{"class":71},[53,516,101],{"class":67},[53,518,519,521,523,525,527,529,532,534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,520,107],{"class":59},[53,522,37],{"class":67},[53,524,113],{"class":112},[53,526,116],{"class":67},[53,528,72],{"class":71},[53,530,531],{"class":75},"yellow",[53,533,72],{"class":71},[53,535,125],{"class":67},[20,537,538],{},[30,539,540],{},"Result:",[44,542,544],{"className":46,"code":543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,545,546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,547,548,551,553,555,557],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,549,36],{"class":550},"sZMiF",[53,552,191],{"class":67},[53,554,165],{"class":71},[53,556,531],{"class":75},[53,558,559],{"class":71},"'\n",[20,561,562,563,566],{},"This happens because ",[15,564,565],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,568,569,570,572],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,571,17],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,574,575,576,37],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[464,577,579],{"href":578},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[39,581,583,584,586,587],{"id":582},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard","How ",[15,585,17],{}," is different from ",[15,588,589],{},"discard()",[20,591,592,594,595,597],{},[15,593,17],{}," and ",[15,596,589],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[599,600,601],"h3",{"id":113},[15,602,17],{},[193,604,605,608],{},[196,606,607],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[196,609,610],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[44,612,614],{"className":46,"code":613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,615,616,651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,617,618,621,623,625,627,629,631,633,635,638,640,642,644,647,649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,619,620],{"class":59},"letters ",[53,622,64],{"class":63},[53,624,68],{"class":67},[53,626,72],{"class":71},[53,628,464],{"class":75},[53,630,72],{"class":71},[53,632,81],{"class":67},[53,634,84],{"class":71},[53,636,637],{"class":75},"b",[53,639,72],{"class":71},[53,641,81],{"class":67},[53,643,84],{"class":71},[53,645,646],{"class":75},"c",[53,648,72],{"class":71},[53,650,101],{"class":67},[53,652,653,656,658,660,662,664,667,669],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,654,655],{"class":59},"letters",[53,657,37],{"class":67},[53,659,113],{"class":112},[53,661,116],{"class":67},[53,663,72],{"class":71},[53,665,666],{"class":75},"d",[53,668,72],{"class":71},[53,670,125],{"class":67},[20,672,673],{},"This raises:",[44,675,677],{"className":46,"code":676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,678,679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,680,681,683,685,687,689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,682,36],{"class":550},[53,684,191],{"class":67},[53,686,165],{"class":71},[53,688,666],{"class":75},[53,690,559],{"class":71},[599,692,694],{"id":693},"discard",[15,695,589],{},[193,697,698,700],{},[196,699,607],{},[196,701,702],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[44,704,706],{"className":46,"code":705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,707,708,740,758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,709,710,712,714,716,718,720,722,724,726,728,730,732,734,736,738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,711,620],{"class":59},[53,713,64],{"class":63},[53,715,68],{"class":67},[53,717,72],{"class":71},[53,719,464],{"class":75},[53,721,72],{"class":71},[53,723,81],{"class":67},[53,725,84],{"class":71},[53,727,637],{"class":75},[53,729,72],{"class":71},[53,731,81],{"class":67},[53,733,84],{"class":71},[53,735,646],{"class":75},[53,737,72],{"class":71},[53,739,101],{"class":67},[53,741,742,744,746,748,750,752,754,756],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,743,655],{"class":59},[53,745,37],{"class":67},[53,747,693],{"class":112},[53,749,116],{"class":67},[53,751,72],{"class":71},[53,753,666],{"class":75},[53,755,72],{"class":71},[53,757,125],{"class":67},[53,759,760,762,764,766],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,761,132],{"class":131},[53,763,116],{"class":67},[53,765,655],{"class":112},[53,767,125],{"class":67},[20,769,770],{},[30,771,772],{},"Output:",[44,774,776],{"className":46,"code":775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,777,778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,779,780,782,784,786,788,790,792,794,796,798,800,802,804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,781,153],{"class":67},[53,783,156],{"class":71},[53,785,464],{"class":75},[53,787,156],{"class":71},[53,789,81],{"class":67},[53,791,165],{"class":71},[53,793,637],{"class":75},[53,795,156],{"class":71},[53,797,81],{"class":67},[53,799,165],{"class":71},[53,801,646],{"class":75},[53,803,156],{"class":71},[53,805,101],{"class":67},[20,807,808],{},"Use:",[193,810,811,816],{},[196,812,813,815],{},[15,814,17],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[196,817,818,820],{},[15,819,589],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,822,823,824,37],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[464,825,827,828,830],{"href":826},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F","Python set ",[15,829,589],{}," method",[39,832,834],{"id":833},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[599,836,838,839,841],{"id":837},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set","Expecting ",[15,840,17],{}," to return the updated set",[20,843,844,846,847,37],{},[15,845,17],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,848,849],{},"None",[20,851,852],{},"Wrong:",[44,854,856],{"className":46,"code":855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,857,858,890,914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,859,860,862,864,866,868,870,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,861,60],{"class":59},[53,863,64],{"class":63},[53,865,68],{"class":67},[53,867,72],{"class":71},[53,869,76],{"class":75},[53,871,72],{"class":71},[53,873,81],{"class":67},[53,875,84],{"class":71},[53,877,87],{"class":75},[53,879,72],{"class":71},[53,881,81],{"class":67},[53,883,84],{"class":71},[53,885,96],{"class":75},[53,887,72],{"class":71},[53,889,101],{"class":67},[53,891,892,895,897,900,902,904,906,908,910,912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,893,894],{"class":59},"new_colors ",[53,896,64],{"class":63},[53,898,899],{"class":59}," colors",[53,901,37],{"class":67},[53,903,113],{"class":112},[53,905,116],{"class":67},[53,907,72],{"class":71},[53,909,87],{"class":75},[53,911,72],{"class":71},[53,913,125],{"class":67},[53,915,916,918,920,923],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,917,132],{"class":131},[53,919,116],{"class":67},[53,921,922],{"class":112},"new_colors",[53,924,125],{"class":67},[20,926,927],{},[30,928,772],{},[44,930,932],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n",[15,933,934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,935,936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,937,931],{"class":938},"s39Yj",[20,940,941],{},"Correct:",[44,943,944],{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,945,946,978,996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,947,948,950,952,954,956,958,960,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,949,60],{"class":59},[53,951,64],{"class":63},[53,953,68],{"class":67},[53,955,72],{"class":71},[53,957,76],{"class":75},[53,959,72],{"class":71},[53,961,81],{"class":67},[53,963,84],{"class":71},[53,965,87],{"class":75},[53,967,72],{"class":71},[53,969,81],{"class":67},[53,971,84],{"class":71},[53,973,96],{"class":75},[53,975,72],{"class":71},[53,977,101],{"class":67},[53,979,980,982,984,986,988,990,992,994],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,981,107],{"class":59},[53,983,37],{"class":67},[53,985,113],{"class":112},[53,987,116],{"class":67},[53,989,72],{"class":71},[53,991,87],{"class":75},[53,993,72],{"class":71},[53,995,125],{"class":67},[53,997,998,1000,1002,1004],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,999,132],{"class":131},[53,1001,116],{"class":67},[53,1003,107],{"class":112},[53,1005,125],{"class":67},[599,1007,1009],{"id":1008},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,1011,1012,1013,37],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,1014,36],{},[44,1016,1018],{"className":46,"code":1017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,1019,1020,1044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1021,1022,1024,1026,1028,1030,1032,1034,1036,1038,1040,1042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1023,60],{"class":59},[53,1025,64],{"class":63},[53,1027,68],{"class":67},[53,1029,72],{"class":71},[53,1031,76],{"class":75},[53,1033,72],{"class":71},[53,1035,81],{"class":67},[53,1037,84],{"class":71},[53,1039,87],{"class":75},[53,1041,72],{"class":71},[53,1043,101],{"class":67},[53,1045,1046,1048,1050,1052,1054,1056,1058,1060],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1047,107],{"class":59},[53,1049,37],{"class":67},[53,1051,113],{"class":112},[53,1053,116],{"class":67},[53,1055,72],{"class":71},[53,1057,96],{"class":75},[53,1059,72],{"class":71},[53,1061,125],{"class":67},[20,1063,1064,1065,191],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,1066,1067],{},"in",[44,1069,1071],{"className":46,"code":1070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,1072,1073,1097,1101,1121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1074,1075,1077,1079,1081,1083,1085,1087,1089,1091,1093,1095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1076,60],{"class":59},[53,1078,64],{"class":63},[53,1080,68],{"class":67},[53,1082,72],{"class":71},[53,1084,76],{"class":75},[53,1086,72],{"class":71},[53,1088,81],{"class":67},[53,1090,84],{"class":71},[53,1092,87],{"class":75},[53,1094,72],{"class":71},[53,1096,101],{"class":67},[53,1098,1099],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1100,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,1102,1103,1107,1109,1111,1113,1116,1118],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1104,1106],{"class":1105},"sVHd0","if",[53,1108,84],{"class":71},[53,1110,96],{"class":75},[53,1112,72],{"class":71},[53,1114,1115],{"class":63}," in",[53,1117,899],{"class":59},[53,1119,1120],{"class":67},":\n",[53,1122,1123,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134,1136,1138],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,1124,1125],{"class":59},"    colors",[53,1127,37],{"class":67},[53,1129,113],{"class":112},[53,1131,116],{"class":67},[53,1133,72],{"class":71},[53,1135,96],{"class":75},[53,1137,72],{"class":71},[53,1139,125],{"class":67},[20,1141,1142,1143,1147],{},"Or use ",[464,1144,1145],{"href":826},[15,1146,589],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[599,1149,1151,1152,1154,1155],{"id":1150},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove","Confusing ",[15,1153,24],{}," with ",[15,1156,1157],{},"list.remove()",[20,1159,1160],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,1162,1163,1164,1166],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,1165,24],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,1168,1169,1170,37],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[464,1171,1173],{"href":1172},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[599,1175,1177],{"id":1176},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,1179,1180],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,1182,1183],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[39,1185,1187],{"id":1186},"faq","FAQ",[599,1189,1191,1192,1194],{"id":1190},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set","Does ",[15,1193,24],{}," return a new set?",[20,1196,1197,1198,37],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,1199,849],{},[599,1201,1203,1204,1206],{"id":1202},"what-error-does-setremove-raise","What error does ",[15,1205,24],{}," raise?",[20,1208,1209,1210,1212],{},"It raises ",[15,1211,36],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[599,1214,1216,1217,1219,1220,1222],{"id":1215},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard","Should I use ",[15,1218,17],{}," or ",[15,1221,589],{},"?",[20,1224,174,1225,1227,1228,1230],{},[15,1226,17],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,1229,589],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[599,1232,1234,1235,1237],{"id":1233},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once","Can ",[15,1236,24],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,1239,1240],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[39,1242,1244],{"id":1243},"see-also","See also",[193,1246,1247,1253,1261,1266,1271],{},[196,1248,1249],{},[464,1250,827,1251,830],{"href":826},[15,1252,589],{},[196,1254,1255],{},[464,1256,827,1258,830],{"href":1257},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,1259,1260],{},"pop()",[196,1262,1263],{},[464,1264,1265],{"href":466},"How to create a set in Python",[196,1267,1268],{},[464,1269,1270],{"href":1172},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[196,1272,1273],{},[464,1274,579],{"href":578},[1276,1277,1278],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":1280},[1281,1282,1284,1285,1286,1287,1292,1300,1310],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":182,"depth":104,"text":1283},"What set.remove() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":470,"depth":104,"text":471},{"id":582,"depth":104,"text":1288,"children":1289},"How remove() is different from discard()",[1290,1291],{"id":113,"depth":128,"text":17},{"id":693,"depth":128,"text":589},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":1293},[1294,1296,1297,1299],{"id":837,"depth":128,"text":1295},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":1008,"depth":128,"text":1009},{"id":1150,"depth":128,"text":1298},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":1176,"depth":128,"text":1177},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":1301},[1302,1304,1306,1308],{"id":1190,"depth":128,"text":1303},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":1202,"depth":128,"text":1305},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":1215,"depth":128,"text":1307},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":1233,"depth":128,"text":1309},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":5,"description":1311},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",[1319,2926,4636,6336,8478,10676,12191,14363,16567,19023,20859,23423,25522,27804,29748,31659,33655,35094,36918,39443,41605,42834,44205,45853,48174,50018,51999,53693,54944,56638,58389,60361,62111,64211,65570,67521,69084,71075,72870,74770,77212,79290,81930,83959,85922,88110,90114,92427,94109,95554,96740,97916,99753,102192,103891,105906,107430,108671,109742,111124,113195,115092,116866,118732,120851,122591,124053,125647,127570,129247,131182,132671,135455,137032,138591,140619,142571,144034,145223,147109,148520,150216,151770,153192,154595,156493,158887,160718],{"id":1320,"title":1321,"body":1322,"description":2920,"extension":1312,"meta":2921,"navigation":383,"path":2922,"seo":2923,"stem":2924,"__hash__":2925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1323,"toc":2892},[1324,1327,1334,1337,1348,1351,1353,1419,1421,1441,1446,1450,1455,1458,1474,1477,1503,1506,1508,1511,1527,1530,1557,1560,1620,1622,1637,1647,1658,1662,1665,1719,1721,1741,1744,1768,1775,1779,1784,1790,1792,1829,1831,1840,1846,1864,1867,1879,1883,1888,1892,1895,1916,1918,1976,1978,1986,1989,1993,2025,2027,2035,2038,2042,2047,2095,2097,2105,2109,2169,2171,2179,2182,2186,2190,2193,2216,2225,2240,2291,2293,2308,2319,2323,2326,2355,2362,2366,2371,2412,2414,2425,2428,2471,2473,2481,2485,2490,2512,2514,2523,2532,2536,2541,2563,2565,2636,2638,2688,2691,2694,2697,2778,2780,2811,2813,2817,2820,2824,2827,2831,2834,2838,2850,2854,2857,2859,2889],[10,1325,1321],{"id":1326},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1328,1329,1330,1333],{},"The ",[15,1331,1332],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1335,1336],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[193,1338,1339,1342,1345],{},[196,1340,1341],{},"a number without its negative sign",[196,1343,1344],{},"the distance between two numbers",[196,1346,1347],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1349,1350],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[39,1352,42],{"id":41},[44,1354,1356],{"className":46,"code":1355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1357,1358,1378,1393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1359,1360,1362,1364,1367,1369,1372,1375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1361,132],{"class":131},[53,1363,116],{"class":67},[53,1365,1366],{"class":131},"abs",[53,1368,116],{"class":67},[53,1370,1371],{"class":63},"-",[53,1373,1374],{"class":273},"7",[53,1376,1377],{"class":67},"))\n",[53,1379,1380,1382,1384,1386,1388,1391],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1381,132],{"class":131},[53,1383,116],{"class":67},[53,1385,1366],{"class":131},[53,1387,116],{"class":67},[53,1389,1390],{"class":273},"3.5",[53,1392,1377],{"class":67},[53,1394,1395,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1410,1413,1417],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1396,132],{"class":131},[53,1398,116],{"class":67},[53,1400,1366],{"class":131},[53,1402,116],{"class":67},[53,1404,1371],{"class":63},[53,1406,300],{"class":273},[53,1408,1409],{"class":63},"+",[53,1411,1412],{"class":273},"3",[53,1414,1416],{"class":1415},"sbsja","j",[53,1418,1377],{"class":67},[20,1420,772],{},[44,1422,1424],{"className":46,"code":1423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1425,1426,1431,1436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1427,1428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1429,1430],{"class":273},"7\n",[53,1432,1433],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1434,1435],{"class":273},"3.5\n",[53,1437,1438],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1439,1440],{"class":273},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1442,174,1443,1445],{},[15,1444,1332],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[39,1447,1449],{"id":1448},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1451,1452,1454],{},[15,1453,1332],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1456,1457],{},"That means:",[193,1459,1460,1463,1466],{},[196,1461,1462],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[196,1464,1465],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[196,1467,1468,1471,1472],{},[15,1469,1470],{},"0"," stays ",[15,1473,1470],{},[20,1475,1476],{},"Examples:",[193,1478,1479,1488,1496],{},[196,1480,1481,1484,1485],{},[15,1482,1483],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1486,1487],{},"5",[196,1489,1490,1484,1493],{},[15,1491,1492],{},"abs(9)",[15,1494,1495],{},"9",[196,1497,1498,1484,1501],{},[15,1499,1500],{},"abs(0)",[15,1502,1470],{},[20,1504,1505],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[39,1507,217],{"id":216},[20,1509,1510],{},"The syntax is:",[44,1512,1514],{"className":46,"code":1513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(x)\n",[15,1515,1516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1517,1518,1520,1522,1525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1519,1366],{"class":131},[53,1521,116],{"class":67},[53,1523,1524],{"class":112},"x",[53,1526,125],{"class":67},[20,1528,1529],{},"Here:",[193,1531,1532,1549,1554],{},[196,1533,1534,1536,1537,1540,1541,1544,1545,1548],{},[15,1535,1524],{}," is usually an ",[15,1538,1539],{},"int",", ",[15,1542,1543],{},"float",", or ",[15,1546,1547],{},"complex"," number",[196,1550,1551,1553],{},[15,1552,1332],{}," returns a new value",[196,1555,1556],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1558,1559],{},"Example:",[44,1561,1563],{"className":46,"code":1562,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1564,1565,1578,1595,1599,1609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1566,1567,1570,1572,1575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1568,1569],{"class":59},"number ",[53,1571,64],{"class":63},[53,1573,1574],{"class":63}," -",[53,1576,1577],{"class":273},"12\n",[53,1579,1580,1583,1585,1588,1590,1593],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1581,1582],{"class":59},"result ",[53,1584,64],{"class":63},[53,1586,1587],{"class":131}," abs",[53,1589,116],{"class":67},[53,1591,1592],{"class":112},"number",[53,1594,125],{"class":67},[53,1596,1597],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1598,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,1600,1601,1603,1605,1607],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,1602,132],{"class":131},[53,1604,116],{"class":67},[53,1606,1592],{"class":112},[53,1608,125],{"class":67},[53,1610,1611,1613,1615,1618],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,1612,132],{"class":131},[53,1614,116],{"class":67},[53,1616,1617],{"class":112},"result",[53,1619,125],{"class":67},[20,1621,772],{},[44,1623,1625],{"className":46,"code":1624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-12\n12\n",[15,1626,1627,1633],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1628,1629,1631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1630,1371],{"class":63},[53,1632,1577],{"class":273},[53,1634,1635],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1636,1577],{"class":273},[20,1638,1639,1640,1642,1643,1646],{},"Notice that ",[15,1641,1592],{}," is still ",[15,1644,1645],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1648,1649,1650,1657],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[464,1651,1653,1656],{"href":1652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1654,1655],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[39,1659,1661],{"id":1660},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1663,1664],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[44,1666,1668],{"className":46,"code":1667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1669,1670,1687,1702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1671,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1673,132],{"class":131},[53,1675,116],{"class":67},[53,1677,1366],{"class":131},[53,1679,116],{"class":67},[53,1681,1371],{"class":63},[53,1683,1684],{"class":273},"10",[53,1686,1377],{"class":67},[53,1688,1689,1691,1693,1695,1697,1700],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1690,132],{"class":131},[53,1692,116],{"class":67},[53,1694,1366],{"class":131},[53,1696,116],{"class":67},[53,1698,1699],{"class":273},"8",[53,1701,1377],{"class":67},[53,1703,1704,1706,1708,1710,1712,1714,1717],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1705,132],{"class":131},[53,1707,116],{"class":67},[53,1709,1366],{"class":131},[53,1711,116],{"class":67},[53,1713,1371],{"class":63},[53,1715,1716],{"class":273},"4.2",[53,1718,1377],{"class":67},[20,1720,772],{},[44,1722,1724],{"className":46,"code":1723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1725,1726,1731,1736],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1727,1728],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1729,1730],{"class":273},"10\n",[53,1732,1733],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1734,1735],{"class":273},"8\n",[53,1737,1738],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1739,1740],{"class":273},"4.2\n",[20,1742,1743],{},"What each line does:",[193,1745,1746,1754,1761],{},[196,1747,1748,1751,1752],{},[15,1749,1750],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,1753,1684],{},[196,1755,1756,1751,1759],{},[15,1757,1758],{},"abs(8)",[15,1760,1699],{},[196,1762,1763,1751,1766],{},[15,1764,1765],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,1767,1716],{},[20,1769,1770,1771,37],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[464,1772,1774],{"href":1773},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[39,1776,1778],{"id":1777},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,1780,1781,1783],{},[15,1782,1332],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,1785,1786,1787,1789],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,1788,1470],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,1791,1559],{},[44,1793,1795],{"className":46,"code":1794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,1796,1797,1815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1798,1799,1802,1804,1806,1809,1812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1800,1801],{"class":59},"value ",[53,1803,64],{"class":63},[53,1805,284],{"class":273},[53,1807,1808],{"class":63}," +",[53,1810,1811],{"class":273}," 4",[53,1813,1814],{"class":1415},"j\n",[53,1816,1817,1819,1821,1823,1825,1827],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1818,132],{"class":131},[53,1820,116],{"class":67},[53,1822,1366],{"class":131},[53,1824,116],{"class":67},[53,1826,236],{"class":112},[53,1828,1377],{"class":67},[20,1830,772],{},[44,1832,1834],{"className":46,"code":1833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n",[15,1835,1836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1837,1838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1839,1833],{"class":273},[20,1841,1842,1843,1222],{},"Why ",[15,1844,1845],{},"5.0",[193,1847,1848,1853,1859],{},[196,1849,1850,1851],{},"the real part is ",[15,1852,1412],{},[196,1854,1855,1856],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,1857,1858],{},"4",[196,1860,1861,1862],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,1863,1845],{},[20,1865,1866],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[193,1868,1869,1876],{},[196,1870,1871,1873,1874],{},[15,1872,1332],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,1875,1543],{},[196,1877,1878],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[39,1880,1882],{"id":1881},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,1884,1885,1886,37],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,1887,1332],{},[599,1889,1891],{"id":1890},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,1893,1894],{},"A very common pattern is:",[44,1896,1898],{"className":46,"code":1897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,1899,1900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1901,1902,1904,1906,1909,1911,1914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1903,1366],{"class":131},[53,1905,116],{"class":67},[53,1907,1908],{"class":112},"a ",[53,1910,1371],{"class":63},[53,1912,1913],{"class":112}," b",[53,1915,125],{"class":67},[20,1917,1559],{},[44,1919,1921],{"className":46,"code":1920,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,1922,1923,1932,1942,1946,1965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1924,1925,1927,1929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1926,1908],{"class":59},[53,1928,64],{"class":63},[53,1930,1931],{"class":273}," 3\n",[53,1933,1934,1937,1939],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,1935,1936],{"class":59},"b ",[53,1938,64],{"class":63},[53,1940,1941],{"class":273}," 10\n",[53,1943,1944],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,1945,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,1947,1948,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,1949,1950],{"class":59},"distance ",[53,1952,64],{"class":63},[53,1954,1587],{"class":131},[53,1956,116],{"class":67},[53,1958,1908],{"class":112},[53,1960,1371],{"class":63},[53,1962,1913],{"class":112},[53,1964,125],{"class":67},[53,1966,1967,1969,1971,1974],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,1968,132],{"class":131},[53,1970,116],{"class":67},[53,1972,1973],{"class":112},"distance",[53,1975,125],{"class":67},[20,1977,772],{},[44,1979,1980],{"className":46,"code":1430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,1981,1982],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1983,1984],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,1985,1430],{"class":273},[20,1987,1988],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[599,1990,1992],{"id":1991},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[44,1994,1996],{"className":46,"code":1995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,1997,1998,2010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,1999,2000,2003,2005,2007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2001,2002],{"class":59},"temperature_change ",[53,2004,64],{"class":63},[53,2006,1574],{"class":63},[53,2008,2009],{"class":273},"6\n",[53,2011,2012,2014,2016,2018,2020,2023],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2013,132],{"class":131},[53,2015,116],{"class":67},[53,2017,1366],{"class":131},[53,2019,116],{"class":67},[53,2021,2022],{"class":112},"temperature_change",[53,2024,1377],{"class":67},[20,2026,772],{},[44,2028,2029],{"className":46,"code":2009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2030,2031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2032,2033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2034,2009],{"class":273},[20,2036,2037],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[599,2039,2041],{"id":2040},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2043,2044,2045,1657],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2046,1332],{},[44,2048,2050],{"className":46,"code":2049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2051,2052,2064,2080,2084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2053,2054,2057,2059,2061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2055,2056],{"class":59},"balance_change ",[53,2058,64],{"class":63},[53,2060,1574],{"class":63},[53,2062,2063],{"class":273},"25\n",[53,2065,2066,2069,2071,2073,2075,2078],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2067,2068],{"class":59},"safe_value ",[53,2070,64],{"class":63},[53,2072,1587],{"class":131},[53,2074,116],{"class":67},[53,2076,2077],{"class":112},"balance_change",[53,2079,125],{"class":67},[53,2081,2082],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2083,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,2085,2086,2088,2090,2093],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,2087,132],{"class":131},[53,2089,116],{"class":67},[53,2091,2092],{"class":112},"safe_value",[53,2094,125],{"class":67},[20,2096,772],{},[44,2098,2099],{"className":46,"code":2063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2100,2101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2102,2103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2104,2063],{"class":273},[599,2106,2108],{"id":2107},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[44,2110,2112],{"className":46,"code":2111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2113,2114,2124,2134,2138,2158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2115,2116,2119,2121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2117,2118],{"class":59},"guess ",[53,2120,64],{"class":63},[53,2122,2123],{"class":273}," 42\n",[53,2125,2126,2129,2131],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2127,2128],{"class":59},"target ",[53,2130,64],{"class":63},[53,2132,2133],{"class":273}," 50\n",[53,2135,2136],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2137,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,2139,2140,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151,2153,2156],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,2141,2142],{"class":59},"difference ",[53,2144,64],{"class":63},[53,2146,1587],{"class":131},[53,2148,116],{"class":67},[53,2150,2118],{"class":112},[53,2152,1371],{"class":63},[53,2154,2155],{"class":112}," target",[53,2157,125],{"class":67},[53,2159,2160,2162,2164,2167],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,2161,132],{"class":131},[53,2163,116],{"class":67},[53,2165,2166],{"class":112},"difference",[53,2168,125],{"class":67},[20,2170,772],{},[44,2172,2173],{"className":46,"code":1735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2174,2175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2176,2177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2178,1735],{"class":273},[20,2180,2181],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[39,2183,2185],{"id":2184},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[599,2187,2189],{"id":2188},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2191,2192],{},"This causes an error:",[44,2194,2196],{"className":46,"code":2195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2197,2198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2199,2200,2202,2204,2206,2208,2210,2212,2214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2201,132],{"class":131},[53,2203,116],{"class":67},[53,2205,1366],{"class":131},[53,2207,116],{"class":67},[53,2209,72],{"class":71},[53,2211,1487],{"class":75},[53,2213,72],{"class":71},[53,2215,1377],{"class":67},[20,2217,2218,2221,2222,2224],{},[15,2219,2220],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2223,1332],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2226,2227,2228,1219,2234,191],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[464,2229,2231],{"href":2230},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2232,2233],{},"int()",[464,2235,2237],{"href":2236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2238,2239],{},"float()",[44,2241,2243],{"className":46,"code":2242,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2244,2245,2268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2246,2247,2249,2251,2253,2255,2257,2259,2261,2263,2265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2248,132],{"class":131},[53,2250,116],{"class":67},[53,2252,1366],{"class":131},[53,2254,116],{"class":67},[53,2256,1539],{"class":550},[53,2258,116],{"class":67},[53,2260,72],{"class":71},[53,2262,1487],{"class":75},[53,2264,72],{"class":71},[53,2266,2267],{"class":67},")))\n",[53,2269,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278,2280,2282,2284,2287,2289],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2271,132],{"class":131},[53,2273,116],{"class":67},[53,2275,1366],{"class":131},[53,2277,116],{"class":67},[53,2279,1543],{"class":550},[53,2281,116],{"class":67},[53,2283,72],{"class":71},[53,2285,2286],{"class":75},"-3.2",[53,2288,72],{"class":71},[53,2290,2267],{"class":67},[20,2292,772],{},[44,2294,2296],{"className":46,"code":2295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2297,2298,2303],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2299,2300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2301,2302],{"class":273},"5\n",[53,2304,2305],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2306,2307],{"class":273},"3.2\n",[20,2309,2310,2311,2314,2315,37],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2312,2313],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[464,2316,2318],{"href":2317},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[599,2320,2322],{"id":2321},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2324,2325],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[44,2327,2329],{"className":46,"code":2328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2330,2331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2332,2333,2335,2337,2339,2342,2344,2346,2348,2350,2352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2334,132],{"class":131},[53,2336,116],{"class":67},[53,2338,1366],{"class":131},[53,2340,2341],{"class":67},"([",[53,2343,274],{"class":273},[53,2345,81],{"class":67},[53,2347,279],{"class":273},[53,2349,81],{"class":67},[53,2351,284],{"class":273},[53,2353,2354],{"class":67},"]))\n",[20,2356,2357,2358,2361],{},"This raises a ",[15,2359,2360],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[599,2363,2365],{"id":2364},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2367,2368,2370],{},[15,2369,1332],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[44,2372,2374],{"className":46,"code":2373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2375,2376,2388,2398,2402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2377,2378,2381,2383,2385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2379,2380],{"class":59},"x ",[53,2382,64],{"class":63},[53,2384,1574],{"class":63},[53,2386,2387],{"class":273},"9\n",[53,2389,2390,2392,2394,2396],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2391,1366],{"class":131},[53,2393,116],{"class":67},[53,2395,1524],{"class":112},[53,2397,125],{"class":67},[53,2399,2400],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2401,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,2403,2404,2406,2408,2410],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,2405,132],{"class":131},[53,2407,116],{"class":67},[53,2409,1524],{"class":112},[53,2411,125],{"class":67},[20,2413,772],{},[44,2415,2417],{"className":46,"code":2416,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-9\n",[15,2418,2419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2420,2421,2423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2422,1371],{"class":63},[53,2424,2387],{"class":273},[20,2426,2427],{},"If you want to store the result:",[44,2429,2431],{"className":46,"code":2430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2432,2433,2443,2457,2461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2434,2435,2437,2439,2441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2436,2380],{"class":59},[53,2438,64],{"class":63},[53,2440,1574],{"class":63},[53,2442,2387],{"class":273},[53,2444,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2446,2380],{"class":59},[53,2448,64],{"class":63},[53,2450,1587],{"class":131},[53,2452,116],{"class":67},[53,2454,1524],{"class":112},[53,2456,125],{"class":67},[53,2458,2459],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2460,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,2462,2463,2465,2467,2469],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,2464,132],{"class":131},[53,2466,116],{"class":67},[53,2468,1524],{"class":112},[53,2470,125],{"class":67},[20,2472,772],{},[44,2474,2475],{"className":46,"code":2387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,2476,2477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2478,2479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2480,2387],{"class":273},[599,2482,2484],{"id":2483},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2486,2487,2489],{},[15,2488,1332],{}," does not round numbers.",[44,2491,2493],{"className":46,"code":2492,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2494,2495],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2496,2497,2499,2501,2503,2505,2507,2510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2498,132],{"class":131},[53,2500,116],{"class":67},[53,2502,1366],{"class":131},[53,2504,116],{"class":67},[53,2506,1371],{"class":63},[53,2508,2509],{"class":273},"4.7",[53,2511,1377],{"class":67},[20,2513,772],{},[44,2515,2517],{"className":46,"code":2516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.7\n",[15,2518,2519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2520,2521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2522,2516],{"class":273},[20,2524,2525,2526,2528,2529,2531],{},"If you expected ",[15,2527,1487],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2530,1332],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[39,2533,2535],{"id":2534},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2537,2538,2540],{},[15,2539,1332],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[193,2542,2543,2550,2557],{},[196,2544,2545,2547,2548],{},[15,2546,1539],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2549,1539],{},[196,2551,2552,2554,2555],{},[15,2553,1543],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2556,1543],{},[196,2558,2559,2554,2561],{},[15,2560,1547],{},[15,2562,1543],{},[20,2564,1559],{},[44,2566,2568],{"className":46,"code":2567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2569,2570,2591,2612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2571,2572,2574,2576,2579,2581,2583,2585,2587,2589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2573,132],{"class":131},[53,2575,116],{"class":67},[53,2577,2578],{"class":550},"type",[53,2580,116],{"class":67},[53,2582,1366],{"class":131},[53,2584,116],{"class":67},[53,2586,1371],{"class":63},[53,2588,1487],{"class":273},[53,2590,2267],{"class":67},[53,2592,2593,2595,2597,2599,2601,2603,2605,2607,2610],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2594,132],{"class":131},[53,2596,116],{"class":67},[53,2598,2578],{"class":550},[53,2600,116],{"class":67},[53,2602,1366],{"class":131},[53,2604,116],{"class":67},[53,2606,1371],{"class":63},[53,2608,2609],{"class":273},"3.2",[53,2611,2267],{"class":67},[53,2613,2614,2616,2618,2620,2622,2624,2626,2628,2630,2632,2634],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2615,132],{"class":131},[53,2617,116],{"class":67},[53,2619,2578],{"class":550},[53,2621,116],{"class":67},[53,2623,1366],{"class":131},[53,2625,116],{"class":67},[53,2627,1412],{"class":273},[53,2629,1808],{"class":63},[53,2631,1811],{"class":273},[53,2633,1416],{"class":1415},[53,2635,2267],{"class":67},[20,2637,772],{},[44,2639,2641],{"className":46,"code":2640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2642,2643,2660,2674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2644,2645,2648,2651,2653,2655,2657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2646,2647],{"class":63},"\u003C",[53,2649,2650],{"class":1415},"class",[53,2652,165],{"class":71},[53,2654,1539],{"class":75},[53,2656,156],{"class":71},[53,2658,2659],{"class":63},">\n",[53,2661,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670,2672],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2663,2647],{"class":63},[53,2665,2650],{"class":1415},[53,2667,165],{"class":71},[53,2669,1543],{"class":75},[53,2671,156],{"class":71},[53,2673,2659],{"class":63},[53,2675,2676,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2677,2647],{"class":63},[53,2679,2650],{"class":1415},[53,2681,165],{"class":71},[53,2683,1543],{"class":75},[53,2685,156],{"class":71},[53,2687,2659],{"class":63},[20,2689,2690],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2692,2693],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2695,2696],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[44,2698,2700],{"className":46,"code":2699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2701,2702,2716,2726,2740,2744,2758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2703,2704,2706,2708,2710,2713],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2705,1801],{"class":59},[53,2707,64],{"class":63},[53,2709,84],{"class":71},[53,2711,2712],{"class":75},"-5",[53,2714,2715],{"class":71},"\"\n",[53,2717,2718,2720,2722,2724],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2719,132],{"class":131},[53,2721,116],{"class":67},[53,2723,236],{"class":112},[53,2725,125],{"class":67},[53,2727,2728,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2729,132],{"class":131},[53,2731,116],{"class":67},[53,2733,2578],{"class":550},[53,2735,116],{"class":67},[53,2737,236],{"class":112},[53,2739,1377],{"class":67},[53,2741,2742],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,2743,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,2745,2746,2749,2751,2753,2756],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,2747,2748],{"class":59},"user_input ",[53,2750,64],{"class":63},[53,2752,84],{"class":71},[53,2754,2755],{"class":75},"-3.7",[53,2757,2715],{"class":71},[53,2759,2761,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771,2773,2776],{"class":55,"line":2760},6,[53,2762,132],{"class":131},[53,2764,116],{"class":67},[53,2766,1366],{"class":131},[53,2768,116],{"class":67},[53,2770,1543],{"class":550},[53,2772,116],{"class":67},[53,2774,2775],{"class":112},"user_input",[53,2777,2267],{"class":67},[20,2779,772],{},[44,2781,2783],{"className":46,"code":2782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,2784,2785,2791,2806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2786,2787,2789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2788,1371],{"class":63},[53,2790,2302],{"class":273},[53,2792,2793,2795,2797,2799,2802,2804],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2794,2647],{"class":63},[53,2796,2650],{"class":1415},[53,2798,165],{"class":71},[53,2800,2801],{"class":75},"str",[53,2803,156],{"class":71},[53,2805,2659],{"class":63},[53,2807,2808],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,2809,2810],{"class":273},"3.7\n",[39,2812,1187],{"id":1186},[599,2814,2816],{"id":2815},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,2818,2819],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[599,2821,2823],{"id":2822},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,2825,2826],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[599,2828,2830],{"id":2829},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,2832,2833],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[599,2835,2837],{"id":2836},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,2839,2840,2842,2843,1219,2845,2847,2848,37],{},[15,2841,2313],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,2844,2233],{},[15,2846,2239],{}," before using ",[15,2849,1332],{},[599,2851,2853],{"id":2852},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,2855,2856],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[39,2858,1244],{"id":1243},[193,2860,2861,2868,2874,2880,2885],{},[196,2862,2863],{},[464,2864,2865,2867],{"href":2230},[15,2866,2233],{}," function explained",[196,2869,2870],{},[464,2871,2872,2867],{"href":2236},[15,2873,2239],{},[196,2875,2876],{},[464,2877,2878,2867],{"href":1652},[15,2879,1655],{},[196,2881,2882],{},[464,2883,2884],{"href":2317},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[196,2886,2887],{},[464,2888,1774],{"href":1773},[1276,2890,2891],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":2893},[2894,2895,2896,2897,2898,2899,2905,2911,2912,2919],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":1448,"depth":104,"text":1449},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":1660,"depth":104,"text":1661},{"id":1777,"depth":104,"text":1778},{"id":1881,"depth":104,"text":1882,"children":2900},[2901,2902,2903,2904],{"id":1890,"depth":128,"text":1891},{"id":1991,"depth":128,"text":1992},{"id":2040,"depth":128,"text":2041},{"id":2107,"depth":128,"text":2108},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":2906},[2907,2908,2909,2910],{"id":2188,"depth":128,"text":2189},{"id":2321,"depth":128,"text":2322},{"id":2364,"depth":128,"text":2365},{"id":2483,"depth":128,"text":2484},{"id":2534,"depth":104,"text":2535},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":2913},[2914,2915,2916,2917,2918],{"id":2815,"depth":128,"text":2816},{"id":2822,"depth":128,"text":2823},{"id":2829,"depth":128,"text":2830},{"id":2836,"depth":128,"text":2837},{"id":2852,"depth":128,"text":2853},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1321,"description":2920},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":2927,"title":2928,"body":2929,"description":4630,"extension":1312,"meta":4631,"navigation":383,"path":4632,"seo":4633,"stem":4634,"__hash__":4635},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2930,"toc":4594},[2931,2939,2945,2948,2965,2969,3026,3036,3041,3045,3064,3067,3084,3087,3091,3099,3116,3119,3158,3161,3168,3174,3249,3251,3283,3289,3293,3297,3336,3338,3347,3354,3358,3397,3399,3408,3418,3422,3476,3478,3486,3489,3492,3539,3541,3549,3555,3561,3566,3569,3572,3639,3641,3649,3652,3719,3721,3729,3743,3746,3757,3761,3767,3770,3772,3788,3790,3798,3801,3804,3807,3824,3827,3830,3860,3862,3875,3877,3881,3884,3899,3904,3907,3934,3941,3944,3984,3990,3996,4004,4007,4059,4066,4130,4135,4144,4147,4165,4171,4174,4316,4322,4327,4330,4341,4344,4400,4402,4410,4413,4472,4474,4482,4485,4496,4498,4505,4514,4523,4526,4532,4535,4544,4557,4559,4591],[10,2932,2934,2935,2938],{"id":2933},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,2936,2937],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,2940,2941,2942,2944],{},"Python’s ",[15,2943,2937],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,2946,2947],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[193,2949,2950,2953,2956],{},[196,2951,2952],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[196,2954,2955],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[196,2957,2958,1751,2961,2964],{},[15,2959,2960],{},"all([])",[15,2962,2963],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[39,2966,2968],{"id":2967},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[44,2970,2972],{"className":46,"code":2971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,2973,2974,2996,3011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,2975,2976,2978,2980,2983,2985,2987,2989,2991,2993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,2977,266],{"class":59},[53,2979,64],{"class":63},[53,2981,2982],{"class":67}," [",[53,2984,274],{"class":273},[53,2986,81],{"class":67},[53,2988,279],{"class":273},[53,2990,81],{"class":67},[53,2992,284],{"class":273},[53,2994,2995],{"class":67},"]\n",[53,2997,2998,3000,3002,3005,3007,3009],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,2999,1582],{"class":59},[53,3001,64],{"class":63},[53,3003,3004],{"class":131}," all",[53,3006,116],{"class":67},[53,3008,291],{"class":112},[53,3010,125],{"class":67},[53,3012,3013,3015,3017,3019,3022],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,3014,132],{"class":131},[53,3016,116],{"class":67},[53,3018,1617],{"class":112},[53,3020,3021],{"class":67},")",[53,3023,3025],{"class":3024},"sutJx","  # True\n",[20,3027,3028,1751,3030,3032,3033,37],{},[15,3029,2937],{},[15,3031,2963],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3034,3035],{},"False",[39,3037,183,3039,186],{"id":3038},"what-all-does",[15,3040,2937],{},[20,3042,3043,191],{},[15,3044,2937],{},[193,3046,3047,3050,3056,3061],{},[196,3048,3049],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[196,3051,3052,3053,3055],{},"returns ",[15,3054,2963],{}," if all items are truthy",[196,3057,3052,3058,3060],{},[15,3059,3035],{}," if any item is falsy",[196,3062,3063],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3065,3066],{},"Basic syntax:",[44,3068,3070],{"className":46,"code":3069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3071,3072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3073,3074,3077,3079,3082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3075,3076],{"class":131},"all",[53,3078,116],{"class":67},[53,3080,3081],{"class":112},"iterable",[53,3083,125],{"class":67},[20,3085,3086],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[39,3088,3090],{"id":3089},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3092,3093,3094,1219,3096,3098],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3095,2963],{},[15,3097,3035],{}," in conditions.",[193,3100,3101,3109],{},[196,3102,3103,3106,3107],{},[30,3104,3105],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3108,2963],{},[196,3110,3111,3106,3114],{},[30,3112,3113],{},"Falsy",[15,3115,3035],{},[20,3117,3118],{},"Common falsy values include:",[193,3120,3121,3125,3130,3135,3139,3143,3148,3153],{},[196,3122,3123],{},[15,3124,1470],{},[196,3126,3127],{},[15,3128,3129],{},"0.0",[196,3131,3132],{},[15,3133,3134],{},"''",[196,3136,3137],{},[15,3138,849],{},[196,3140,3141],{},[15,3142,3035],{},[196,3144,3145],{},[15,3146,3147],{},"[]",[196,3149,3150],{},[15,3151,3152],{},"{}",[196,3154,3155],{},[15,3156,3157],{},"set()",[20,3159,3160],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3162,3163,3164,37],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[464,3165,3167],{"href":3166},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3169,3170,3171,191],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3172,3173],{},"bool()",[44,3175,3177],{"className":46,"code":3176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3178,3179,3216,3220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3180,3181,3184,3186,3188,3190,3192,3195,3197,3200,3202,3204,3207,3209,3211,3214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3182,3183],{"class":59},"values ",[53,3185,64],{"class":63},[53,3187,2982],{"class":67},[53,3189,274],{"class":273},[53,3191,81],{"class":67},[53,3193,3194],{"class":273}," 0",[53,3196,81],{"class":67},[53,3198,3199],{"class":71}," ''",[53,3201,81],{"class":67},[53,3203,165],{"class":71},[53,3205,3206],{"class":75},"hello",[53,3208,156],{"class":71},[53,3210,81],{"class":67},[53,3212,3213],{"class":938}," None",[53,3215,2995],{"class":67},[53,3217,3218],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3219,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,3221,3222,3224,3226,3229,3231,3233,3235,3238,3241,3243,3246],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,3223,132],{"class":131},[53,3225,2341],{"class":67},[53,3227,3228],{"class":550},"bool",[53,3230,116],{"class":67},[53,3232,1524],{"class":112},[53,3234,3021],{"class":67},[53,3236,3237],{"class":1105}," for",[53,3239,3240],{"class":112}," x ",[53,3242,1067],{"class":1105},[53,3244,3245],{"class":112}," values",[53,3247,3248],{"class":67},"])\n",[20,3250,772],{},[44,3252,3254],{"className":46,"code":3253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3255,3256],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3257,3258,3261,3263,3265,3268,3270,3272,3274,3277,3279,3281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3259,3260],{"class":67},"[",[53,3262,2963],{"class":938},[53,3264,81],{"class":67},[53,3266,3267],{"class":938}," False",[53,3269,81],{"class":67},[53,3271,3267],{"class":938},[53,3273,81],{"class":67},[53,3275,3276],{"class":938}," True",[53,3278,81],{"class":67},[53,3280,3267],{"class":938},[53,3282,2995],{"class":67},[20,3284,3285,3286,3288],{},"This matters because ",[15,3287,2937],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[39,3290,3292],{"id":3291},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[599,3294,3296],{"id":3295},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[44,3298,3300],{"className":46,"code":3299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3301,3302,3322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3303,3304,3306,3308,3310,3312,3314,3316,3318,3320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3305,266],{"class":59},[53,3307,64],{"class":63},[53,3309,2982],{"class":67},[53,3311,274],{"class":273},[53,3313,81],{"class":67},[53,3315,279],{"class":273},[53,3317,81],{"class":67},[53,3319,284],{"class":273},[53,3321,2995],{"class":67},[53,3323,3324,3326,3328,3330,3332,3334],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3325,132],{"class":131},[53,3327,116],{"class":67},[53,3329,3076],{"class":131},[53,3331,116],{"class":67},[53,3333,291],{"class":112},[53,3335,1377],{"class":67},[20,3337,772],{},[44,3339,3341],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n",[15,3342,3343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3344,3345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3346,3340],{"class":938},[20,3348,3349,3350,1751,3352,37],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3351,2937],{},[15,3353,2963],{},[599,3355,3357],{"id":3356},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[44,3359,3361],{"className":46,"code":3360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3362,3363,3383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3364,3365,3367,3369,3371,3373,3375,3377,3379,3381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3366,266],{"class":59},[53,3368,64],{"class":63},[53,3370,2982],{"class":67},[53,3372,274],{"class":273},[53,3374,81],{"class":67},[53,3376,3194],{"class":273},[53,3378,81],{"class":67},[53,3380,284],{"class":273},[53,3382,2995],{"class":67},[53,3384,3385,3387,3389,3391,3393,3395],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3386,132],{"class":131},[53,3388,116],{"class":67},[53,3390,3076],{"class":131},[53,3392,116],{"class":67},[53,3394,291],{"class":112},[53,3396,1377],{"class":67},[20,3398,772],{},[44,3400,3402],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\n",[15,3403,3404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3405,3406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3407,3401],{"class":938},[20,3409,3410,3411,3413,3414,1751,3416,37],{},"The value ",[15,3412,1470],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3415,2937],{},[15,3417,3035],{},[599,3419,3421],{"id":3420},"example-strings","Example: strings",[44,3423,3425],{"className":46,"code":3424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3426,3427,3461],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3428,3429,3432,3434,3436,3438,3440,3442,3444,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454,3457,3459],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3430,3431],{"class":59},"words ",[53,3433,64],{"class":63},[53,3435,2982],{"class":67},[53,3437,156],{"class":71},[53,3439,356],{"class":75},[53,3441,156],{"class":71},[53,3443,81],{"class":67},[53,3445,165],{"class":71},[53,3447,365],{"class":75},[53,3449,156],{"class":71},[53,3451,81],{"class":67},[53,3453,165],{"class":71},[53,3455,3456],{"class":75},"cherry",[53,3458,156],{"class":71},[53,3460,2995],{"class":67},[53,3462,3463,3465,3467,3469,3471,3474],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3464,132],{"class":131},[53,3466,116],{"class":67},[53,3468,3076],{"class":131},[53,3470,116],{"class":67},[53,3472,3473],{"class":112},"words",[53,3475,1377],{"class":67},[20,3477,772],{},[44,3479,3480],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3481,3482],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3483,3484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3485,3340],{"class":938},[20,3487,3488],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3490,3491],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[44,3493,3495],{"className":46,"code":3494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3496,3497,3525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3498,3499,3501,3503,3505,3507,3509,3511,3513,3515,3517,3519,3521,3523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3500,3431],{"class":59},[53,3502,64],{"class":63},[53,3504,2982],{"class":67},[53,3506,156],{"class":71},[53,3508,356],{"class":75},[53,3510,156],{"class":71},[53,3512,81],{"class":67},[53,3514,3199],{"class":71},[53,3516,81],{"class":67},[53,3518,165],{"class":71},[53,3520,3456],{"class":75},[53,3522,156],{"class":71},[53,3524,2995],{"class":67},[53,3526,3527,3529,3531,3533,3535,3537],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3528,132],{"class":131},[53,3530,116],{"class":67},[53,3532,3076],{"class":131},[53,3534,116],{"class":67},[53,3536,3473],{"class":112},[53,3538,1377],{"class":67},[20,3540,772],{},[44,3542,3543],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3544,3545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3546,3547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3548,3401],{"class":938},[20,3550,3551,3552,3554],{},"The empty string ",[15,3553,3134],{}," is falsy.",[39,3556,583,3558,3560],{"id":3557},"how-all-works-with-conditions",[15,3559,2937],{}," works with conditions",[20,3562,3563,3565],{},[15,3564,2937],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3567,3568],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3570,3571],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[44,3573,3575],{"className":46,"code":3574,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3576,3577,3597,3625,3629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3578,3579,3581,3583,3585,3587,3589,3591,3593,3595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3580,266],{"class":59},[53,3582,64],{"class":63},[53,3584,2982],{"class":67},[53,3586,274],{"class":273},[53,3588,81],{"class":67},[53,3590,279],{"class":273},[53,3592,81],{"class":67},[53,3594,284],{"class":273},[53,3596,2995],{"class":67},[53,3598,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3612,3614,3616,3618,3620,3623],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3600,1582],{"class":59},[53,3602,64],{"class":63},[53,3604,3004],{"class":131},[53,3606,116],{"class":67},[53,3608,2380],{"class":112},[53,3610,3611],{"class":63},">",[53,3613,3194],{"class":273},[53,3615,3237],{"class":1105},[53,3617,3240],{"class":112},[53,3619,1067],{"class":1105},[53,3621,3622],{"class":112}," numbers",[53,3624,125],{"class":67},[53,3626,3627],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,3628,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,3630,3631,3633,3635,3637],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,3632,132],{"class":131},[53,3634,116],{"class":67},[53,3636,1617],{"class":112},[53,3638,125],{"class":67},[20,3640,772],{},[44,3642,3643],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3644,3645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3646,3647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3648,3340],{"class":938},[20,3650,3651],{},"Here is one that fails:",[44,3653,3655],{"className":46,"code":3654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3656,3657,3679,3705,3709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3658,3659,3661,3663,3665,3667,3669,3671,3673,3675,3677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3660,266],{"class":59},[53,3662,64],{"class":63},[53,3664,2982],{"class":67},[53,3666,274],{"class":273},[53,3668,81],{"class":67},[53,3670,1574],{"class":63},[53,3672,300],{"class":273},[53,3674,81],{"class":67},[53,3676,284],{"class":273},[53,3678,2995],{"class":67},[53,3680,3681,3683,3685,3687,3689,3691,3693,3695,3697,3699,3701,3703],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3682,1582],{"class":59},[53,3684,64],{"class":63},[53,3686,3004],{"class":131},[53,3688,116],{"class":67},[53,3690,2380],{"class":112},[53,3692,3611],{"class":63},[53,3694,3194],{"class":273},[53,3696,3237],{"class":1105},[53,3698,3240],{"class":112},[53,3700,1067],{"class":1105},[53,3702,3622],{"class":112},[53,3704,125],{"class":67},[53,3706,3707],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,3708,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,3710,3711,3713,3715,3717],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,3712,132],{"class":131},[53,3714,116],{"class":67},[53,3716,1617],{"class":112},[53,3718,125],{"class":67},[20,3720,772],{},[44,3722,3723],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3724,3725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3726,3727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3728,3401],{"class":938},[20,3730,3731,3732,3735,3736,3738,3739,1751,3741,37],{},"The expression ",[15,3733,3734],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,3737,2963],{},", then ",[15,3740,2937],{},[15,3742,2963],{},[20,3744,3745],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,3747,3748,3749,594,3753,37],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[464,3750,3752],{"href":3751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[464,3754,3756],{"href":3755},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[39,3758,3760],{"id":3759},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,3762,3763,1751,3765,37],{},[15,3764,2960],{},[15,3766,2963],{},[20,3768,3769],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,3771,1559],{},[44,3773,3775],{"className":46,"code":3774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))\n",[15,3776,3777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3778,3779,3781,3783,3785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3780,132],{"class":131},[53,3782,116],{"class":67},[53,3784,3076],{"class":131},[53,3786,3787],{"class":67},"([]))\n",[20,3789,772],{},[44,3791,3792],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3793,3794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3795,3796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3797,3340],{"class":938},[20,3799,3800],{},"Why?",[20,3802,3803],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,3805,3806],{},"Think of it this way:",[193,3808,3809,3816,3819],{},[196,3810,3811,1751,3813,3815],{},[15,3812,2937],{},[15,3814,3035],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[196,3817,3818],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[196,3820,3821,3822],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,3823,3035],{},[20,3825,3826],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,3828,3829],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[44,3831,3833],{"className":46,"code":3832,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,3834,3835,3846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3836,3837,3839,3841,3843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3838,132],{"class":131},[53,3840,116],{"class":67},[53,3842,3076],{"class":131},[53,3844,3845],{"class":67},"(()))\n",[53,3847,3848,3850,3852,3854,3856,3858],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3849,132],{"class":131},[53,3851,116],{"class":67},[53,3853,3076],{"class":131},[53,3855,116],{"class":67},[53,3857,3134],{"class":71},[53,3859,1377],{"class":67},[20,3861,772],{},[44,3863,3865],{"className":46,"code":3864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\n",[15,3866,3867,3871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3868,3869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3870,3340],{"class":938},[53,3872,3873],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3874,3340],{"class":938},[39,3876,834],{"id":833},[599,3878,3880],{"id":3879},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,3882,3883],{},"This is wrong:",[44,3885,3887],{"className":46,"code":3886,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,3888,3889,3894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3890,3891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3892,3893],{"class":3024},"# Wrong\n",[53,3895,3896],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3897,3898],{"class":3024},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,3900,3901,3903],{},[15,3902,2937],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,3905,3906],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[44,3908,3910],{"className":46,"code":3909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3911,3912],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3913,3914,3916,3918,3920,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3915,132],{"class":131},[53,3917,116],{"class":67},[53,3919,3076],{"class":131},[53,3921,2341],{"class":67},[53,3923,274],{"class":273},[53,3925,81],{"class":67},[53,3927,279],{"class":273},[53,3929,81],{"class":67},[53,3931,284],{"class":273},[53,3933,2354],{"class":67},[599,3935,3937,3938,3940],{"id":3936},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,3939,2937],{}," compares values automatically",[20,3942,3943],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[44,3945,3947],{"className":46,"code":3946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3948,3949,3970],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,3950,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3964,3966,3968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,3952,266],{"class":59},[53,3954,64],{"class":63},[53,3956,2982],{"class":67},[53,3958,1487],{"class":273},[53,3960,81],{"class":67},[53,3962,3963],{"class":273}," 5",[53,3965,81],{"class":67},[53,3967,3963],{"class":273},[53,3969,2995],{"class":67},[53,3971,3972,3974,3976,3978,3980,3982],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,3973,132],{"class":131},[53,3975,116],{"class":67},[53,3977,3076],{"class":131},[53,3979,116],{"class":67},[53,3981,291],{"class":112},[53,3983,1377],{"class":67},[20,3985,3986,3987,3989],{},"This does ",[30,3988,461],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,3991,3992,3993,3995],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,3994,1487],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[44,3997,3998],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,3999,4000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4001,4002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4003,3340],{"class":938},[20,4005,4006],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[44,4008,4010],{"className":46,"code":4009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4011,4012,4032],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4013,4014,4016,4018,4020,4022,4024,4026,4028,4030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4015,266],{"class":59},[53,4017,64],{"class":63},[53,4019,2982],{"class":67},[53,4021,1487],{"class":273},[53,4023,81],{"class":67},[53,4025,3963],{"class":273},[53,4027,81],{"class":67},[53,4029,3963],{"class":273},[53,4031,2995],{"class":67},[53,4033,4034,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4047,4049,4051,4053,4055,4057],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4035,132],{"class":131},[53,4037,116],{"class":67},[53,4039,3076],{"class":131},[53,4041,116],{"class":67},[53,4043,2380],{"class":112},[53,4045,4046],{"class":63},"==",[53,4048,3963],{"class":273},[53,4050,3237],{"class":1105},[53,4052,3240],{"class":112},[53,4054,1067],{"class":1105},[53,4056,3622],{"class":112},[53,4058,1377],{"class":67},[599,4060,4062,4063,4065],{"id":4061},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4064,1470],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[44,4067,4069],{"className":46,"code":4068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4070,4071,4097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4072,4073,4075,4077,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087,4089,4091,4094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4074,132],{"class":131},[53,4076,116],{"class":67},[53,4078,3076],{"class":131},[53,4080,2341],{"class":67},[53,4082,274],{"class":273},[53,4084,81],{"class":67},[53,4086,279],{"class":273},[53,4088,81],{"class":67},[53,4090,3194],{"class":273},[53,4092,4093],{"class":67},"]))",[53,4095,4096],{"class":3024},"       # False\n",[53,4098,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4100,132],{"class":131},[53,4102,116],{"class":67},[53,4104,3076],{"class":131},[53,4106,2341],{"class":67},[53,4108,156],{"class":71},[53,4110,464],{"class":75},[53,4112,156],{"class":71},[53,4114,81],{"class":67},[53,4116,165],{"class":71},[53,4118,637],{"class":75},[53,4120,156],{"class":71},[53,4122,81],{"class":67},[53,4124,3199],{"class":71},[53,4126,4093],{"class":67},[53,4128,4129],{"class":3024},"  # False\n",[20,4131,4132,4133,37],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4134,3035],{},[599,4136,4138,4139,4141,4142],{"id":4137},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4140,2960],{}," is ",[15,4143,2963],{},[20,4145,4146],{},"This is expected behavior:",[44,4148,4150],{"className":46,"code":4149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4151,4152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4153,4154,4156,4158,4160,4163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4155,132],{"class":131},[53,4157,116],{"class":67},[53,4159,3076],{"class":131},[53,4161,4162],{"class":67},"([]))",[53,4164,3025],{"class":3024},[20,4166,4167,4168,4170],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4169,2963],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4172,4173],{},"Useful quick tests:",[44,4175,4177],{"className":46,"code":4176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4178,4179,4201,4223,4270,4306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4180,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197,4199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4182,132],{"class":131},[53,4184,116],{"class":67},[53,4186,3076],{"class":131},[53,4188,2341],{"class":67},[53,4190,274],{"class":273},[53,4192,81],{"class":67},[53,4194,279],{"class":273},[53,4196,81],{"class":67},[53,4198,284],{"class":273},[53,4200,2354],{"class":67},[53,4202,4203,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215,4217,4219,4221],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4204,132],{"class":131},[53,4206,116],{"class":67},[53,4208,3076],{"class":131},[53,4210,2341],{"class":67},[53,4212,274],{"class":273},[53,4214,81],{"class":67},[53,4216,3194],{"class":273},[53,4218,81],{"class":67},[53,4220,284],{"class":273},[53,4222,2354],{"class":67},[53,4224,4225,4227,4229,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,4226,132],{"class":131},[53,4228,2341],{"class":67},[53,4230,3228],{"class":550},[53,4232,116],{"class":67},[53,4234,1524],{"class":112},[53,4236,3021],{"class":67},[53,4238,3237],{"class":1105},[53,4240,3240],{"class":112},[53,4242,1067],{"class":1105},[53,4244,2982],{"class":67},[53,4246,274],{"class":273},[53,4248,81],{"class":67},[53,4250,3194],{"class":273},[53,4252,81],{"class":67},[53,4254,3199],{"class":71},[53,4256,81],{"class":67},[53,4258,165],{"class":71},[53,4260,3206],{"class":75},[53,4262,156],{"class":71},[53,4264,81],{"class":67},[53,4266,3213],{"class":938},[53,4268,4269],{"class":67},"]])\n",[53,4271,4272,4274,4276,4278,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296,4298,4300,4302,4304],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,4273,132],{"class":131},[53,4275,116],{"class":67},[53,4277,3076],{"class":131},[53,4279,116],{"class":67},[53,4281,2380],{"class":112},[53,4283,3611],{"class":63},[53,4285,3194],{"class":273},[53,4287,3237],{"class":1105},[53,4289,3240],{"class":112},[53,4291,1067],{"class":1105},[53,4293,2982],{"class":67},[53,4295,274],{"class":273},[53,4297,81],{"class":67},[53,4299,279],{"class":273},[53,4301,81],{"class":67},[53,4303,284],{"class":273},[53,4305,2354],{"class":67},[53,4307,4308,4310,4312,4314],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,4309,132],{"class":131},[53,4311,116],{"class":67},[53,4313,3076],{"class":131},[53,4315,3787],{"class":67},[39,4317,4319,4320],{"id":4318},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4321,2937],{},[20,4323,4324,4326],{},[15,4325,2937],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4328,4329],{},"Common use cases:",[193,4331,4332,4335,4338],{},[196,4333,4334],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[196,4336,4337],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[196,4339,4340],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4342,4343],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[44,4345,4347],{"className":46,"code":4346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4348,4349,4385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4350,4351,4354,4356,4358,4360,4363,4365,4367,4369,4372,4374,4376,4378,4381,4383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4352,4353],{"class":59},"names ",[53,4355,64],{"class":63},[53,4357,2982],{"class":67},[53,4359,156],{"class":71},[53,4361,4362],{"class":75},"Alice",[53,4364,156],{"class":71},[53,4366,81],{"class":67},[53,4368,165],{"class":71},[53,4370,4371],{"class":75},"Bob",[53,4373,156],{"class":71},[53,4375,81],{"class":67},[53,4377,165],{"class":71},[53,4379,4380],{"class":75},"Charlie",[53,4382,156],{"class":71},[53,4384,2995],{"class":67},[53,4386,4387,4389,4391,4393,4395,4398],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4388,132],{"class":131},[53,4390,116],{"class":67},[53,4392,3076],{"class":131},[53,4394,116],{"class":67},[53,4396,4397],{"class":112},"names",[53,4399,1377],{"class":67},[20,4401,772],{},[44,4403,4404],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4405,4406],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4407,4408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4409,3340],{"class":938},[20,4411,4412],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[44,4414,4416],{"className":46,"code":4415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4417,4418,4442],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4419,4420,4423,4425,4427,4430,4432,4435,4437,4440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4421,4422],{"class":59},"scores ",[53,4424,64],{"class":63},[53,4426,2982],{"class":67},[53,4428,4429],{"class":273},"75",[53,4431,81],{"class":67},[53,4433,4434],{"class":273}," 80",[53,4436,81],{"class":67},[53,4438,4439],{"class":273}," 50",[53,4441,2995],{"class":67},[53,4443,4444,4446,4448,4450,4452,4455,4458,4460,4462,4465,4467,4470],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4445,132],{"class":131},[53,4447,116],{"class":67},[53,4449,3076],{"class":131},[53,4451,116],{"class":67},[53,4453,4454],{"class":112},"score ",[53,4456,4457],{"class":63},">=",[53,4459,4439],{"class":273},[53,4461,3237],{"class":1105},[53,4463,4464],{"class":112}," score ",[53,4466,1067],{"class":1105},[53,4468,4469],{"class":112}," scores",[53,4471,1377],{"class":67},[20,4473,772],{},[44,4475,4476],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,4477,4478],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4479,4480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4481,3340],{"class":938},[20,4483,4484],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4486,4487,4488,594,4492,37],{},"For related tasks, see ",[464,4489,4491],{"href":4490},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[464,4493,4495],{"href":4494},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[39,4497,1187],{"id":1186},[599,4499,4501,4502,4504],{"id":4500},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[15,4503,2937],{}," return in Python?",[20,4506,4507,4508,4510,4511,4513],{},"It returns ",[15,4509,2963],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4512,3035],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[599,4515,4517,4518,4520,4521,1222],{"id":4516},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4519,2960],{}," return ",[15,4522,2963],{},[20,4524,4525],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[599,4527,1234,4529,4531],{"id":4528},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4530,2937],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4533,4534],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[599,4536,4538,4539,594,4541,1222],{"id":4537},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4540,2937],{},[15,4542,4543],{},"any()",[20,4545,4546,4548,4549,4551,4552,37],{},[15,4547,2937],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4550,4543],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[464,4553,2934,4555,2867],{"href":4554},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4556,4543],{},[39,4558,1244],{"id":1243},[193,4560,4561,4567,4571,4576,4581,4586],{},[196,4562,4563],{},[464,4564,2934,4565,2867],{"href":4554},[15,4566,4543],{},[196,4568,4569],{},[464,4570,3167],{"href":3166},[196,4572,4573],{},[464,4574,4575],{"href":4494},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[196,4577,4578],{},[464,4579,4580],{"href":4490},"How to filter a list in Python",[196,4582,4583],{},[464,4584,4585],{"href":3751},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[196,4587,4588],{},[464,4589,4590],{"href":3755},"What is an iterable in Python",[1276,4592,4593],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":4595},[4596,4597,4599,4600,4605,4607,4608,4617,4619,4629],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":3038,"depth":104,"text":4598},"What all() does",{"id":3089,"depth":104,"text":3090},{"id":3291,"depth":104,"text":3292,"children":4601},[4602,4603,4604],{"id":3295,"depth":128,"text":3296},{"id":3356,"depth":128,"text":3357},{"id":3420,"depth":128,"text":3421},{"id":3557,"depth":104,"text":4606},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3759,"depth":104,"text":3760},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":4609},[4610,4611,4613,4615],{"id":3879,"depth":128,"text":3880},{"id":3936,"depth":128,"text":4612},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4061,"depth":128,"text":4614},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4137,"depth":128,"text":4616},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4318,"depth":104,"text":4618},"When to use all()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":4620},[4621,4623,4625,4627],{"id":4500,"depth":128,"text":4622},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4516,"depth":128,"text":4624},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4528,"depth":128,"text":4626},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4537,"depth":128,"text":4628},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":2928,"description":4630},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4637,"title":4638,"body":4639,"description":6331,"extension":1312,"meta":6332,"navigation":383,"path":4554,"seo":6333,"stem":6334,"__hash__":6335},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4640,"toc":6309},[4641,4644,4652,4655,4672,4680,4724,4733,4737,4742,4745,4762,4765,4776,4788,4792,4795,4810,4815,4818,4830,4833,4918,4921,4942,4948,4950,4958,4972,4974,5008,5010,5013,5074,5076,5093,5096,5123,5125,5133,5145,5149,5152,5191,5193,5201,5203,5219,5227,5230,5273,5275,5283,5288,5292,5300,5303,5330,5333,5336,5410,5412,5420,5427,5451,5462,5465,5544,5546,5554,5561,5565,5570,5585,5587,5595,5598,5604,5607,5653,5655,5672,5676,5681,5692,5695,5809,5812,5871,5877,5879,5884,5888,5890,5909,5915,5918,5937,5941,5950,5977,5979,5987,5995,5999,6005,6028,6030,6038,6045,6049,6052,6103,6106,6157,6160,6162,6166,6173,6177,6184,6188,6196,6200,6203,6225,6227,6277,6279,6306],[10,4642,4638],{"id":4643},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4645,4646,4648,4649,37],{},[15,4647,4543],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[30,4650,4651],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4653,4654],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[193,4656,4657,4660,4663,4666,4669],{},[196,4658,4659],{},"lists",[196,4661,4662],{},"tuples",[196,4664,4665],{},"sets",[196,4667,4668],{},"strings",[196,4670,4671],{},"generator expressions",[20,4673,4674,4675,1219,4677,4679],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4676,2963],{},[15,4678,3035],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[44,4681,4683],{"className":46,"code":4682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4684,4685,4705],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4686,4687,4689,4691,4693,4695,4697,4699,4701,4703],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4688,3183],{"class":59},[53,4690,64],{"class":63},[53,4692,2982],{"class":67},[53,4694,1470],{"class":273},[53,4696,81],{"class":67},[53,4698,3199],{"class":71},[53,4700,81],{"class":67},[53,4702,3963],{"class":273},[53,4704,2995],{"class":67},[53,4706,4707,4709,4711,4714,4716,4719,4722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4708,132],{"class":131},[53,4710,116],{"class":67},[53,4712,4713],{"class":131},"any",[53,4715,116],{"class":67},[53,4717,4718],{"class":112},"values",[53,4720,4721],{"class":67},"))",[53,4723,3025],{"class":3024},[20,4725,174,4726,4729,4730,4732],{},[15,4727,4728],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4731,2963],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[39,4734,4736],{"id":4735},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4738,4739,4741],{},[15,4740,4543],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4743,4744],{},"It returns:",[193,4746,4747,4752,4757],{},[196,4748,4749,4751],{},[15,4750,2963],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[196,4753,4754,4756],{},[15,4755,3035],{}," if all items are falsy",[196,4758,4759,4761],{},[15,4760,3035],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,4763,4764],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[193,4766,4767,4770,4773],{},[196,4768,4769],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[196,4771,4772],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[196,4774,4775],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,4777,4778,4779,4782,4783,37],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[30,4780,4781],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[464,4784,4786],{"href":4785},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,4787,2937],{},[39,4789,4791],{"id":4790},"syntax","Syntax",[20,4793,4794],{},"The syntax is simple:",[44,4796,4798],{"className":46,"code":4797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(iterable)\n",[15,4799,4800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4801,4802,4804,4806,4808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4803,4713],{"class":131},[53,4805,116],{"class":67},[53,4807,3081],{"class":112},[53,4809,125],{"class":67},[20,4811,4812,4813,37],{},"The argument must be an ",[30,4814,3081],{},[20,4816,4817],{},"Common inputs include:",[193,4819,4820,4822,4824,4826,4828],{},[196,4821,4659],{},[196,4823,4662],{},[196,4825,4665],{},[196,4827,4668],{},[196,4829,4671],{},[20,4831,4832],{},"For example:",[44,4834,4836],{"className":46,"code":4835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,4837,4838,4861,4880,4900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4839,4840,4842,4844,4846,4848,4850,4852,4854,4856,4859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4841,132],{"class":131},[53,4843,116],{"class":67},[53,4845,4713],{"class":131},[53,4847,2341],{"class":67},[53,4849,1470],{"class":273},[53,4851,81],{"class":67},[53,4853,3194],{"class":273},[53,4855,81],{"class":67},[53,4857,4858],{"class":273}," 1",[53,4860,2354],{"class":67},[53,4862,4863,4865,4867,4869,4872,4874,4876,4878],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4864,132],{"class":131},[53,4866,116],{"class":67},[53,4868,4713],{"class":131},[53,4870,4871],{"class":67},"((",[53,4873,3035],{"class":938},[53,4875,81],{"class":67},[53,4877,3267],{"class":938},[53,4879,2267],{"class":67},[53,4881,4882,4884,4886,4888,4891,4893,4895,4897],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,4883,132],{"class":131},[53,4885,116],{"class":67},[53,4887,4713],{"class":131},[53,4889,4890],{"class":67},"({",[53,4892,1470],{"class":273},[53,4894,81],{"class":67},[53,4896,279],{"class":273},[53,4898,4899],{"class":67},"}))\n",[53,4901,4902,4904,4906,4908,4910,4912,4914,4916],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,4903,132],{"class":131},[53,4905,116],{"class":67},[53,4907,4713],{"class":131},[53,4909,116],{"class":67},[53,4911,72],{"class":71},[53,4913,3206],{"class":75},[53,4915,72],{"class":71},[53,4917,1377],{"class":67},[20,4919,4920],{},"Expected output:",[44,4922,4924],{"className":46,"code":4923,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,4925,4926,4930,4934,4938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,4927,4928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,4929,3340],{"class":938},[53,4931,4932],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,4933,3401],{"class":938},[53,4935,4936],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,4937,3340],{"class":938},[53,4939,4940],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,4941,3340],{"class":938},[20,4943,4944,4945,37],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[464,4946,4495],{"href":4947},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[39,4949,3090],{"id":3089},[20,4951,3093,4952,1219,4955,3098],{},[30,4953,4954],{},"truthy",[30,4956,4957],{},"falsy",[193,4959,4960,4966],{},[196,4961,4962,3106,4964],{},[30,4963,3105],{},[15,4965,2963],{},[196,4967,4968,3106,4970],{},[30,4969,3113],{},[15,4971,3035],{},[20,4973,3118],{},[193,4975,4976,4980,4984,4988,4992,4996,5000,5004],{},[196,4977,4978],{},[15,4979,3035],{},[196,4981,4982],{},[15,4983,1470],{},[196,4985,4986],{},[15,4987,3129],{},[196,4989,4990],{},[15,4991,3134],{},[196,4993,4994],{},[15,4995,3147],{},[196,4997,4998],{},[15,4999,3152],{},[196,5001,5002],{},[15,5003,3157],{},[196,5005,5006],{},[15,5007,849],{},[20,5009,3160],{},[20,5011,5012],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[44,5014,5016],{"className":46,"code":5015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5017,5018,5032,5050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5019,5020,5022,5024,5026,5028,5030],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5021,132],{"class":131},[53,5023,116],{"class":67},[53,5025,4713],{"class":131},[53,5027,2341],{"class":67},[53,5029,274],{"class":273},[53,5031,2354],{"class":67},[53,5033,5034,5036,5038,5040,5042,5044,5046,5048],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5035,132],{"class":131},[53,5037,116],{"class":67},[53,5039,4713],{"class":131},[53,5041,2341],{"class":67},[53,5043,156],{"class":71},[53,5045,3206],{"class":75},[53,5047,156],{"class":71},[53,5049,2354],{"class":67},[53,5051,5052,5054,5056,5058,5061,5063,5065,5067,5069,5071],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5053,132],{"class":131},[53,5055,116],{"class":67},[53,5057,4713],{"class":131},[53,5059,5060],{"class":67},"([[",[53,5062,274],{"class":273},[53,5064,81],{"class":67},[53,5066,279],{"class":273},[53,5068,81],{"class":67},[53,5070,284],{"class":273},[53,5072,5073],{"class":67},"]]))\n",[20,5075,4920],{},[44,5077,5079],{"className":46,"code":5078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5080,5081,5085,5089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5082,5083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5084,3340],{"class":938},[53,5086,5087],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5088,3340],{"class":938},[53,5090,5091],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5092,3340],{"class":938},[20,5094,5095],{},"And these are all falsy:",[44,5097,5099],{"className":46,"code":5098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5100,5101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5102,5103,5105,5107,5109,5111,5113,5115,5117,5119,5121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5104,132],{"class":131},[53,5106,116],{"class":67},[53,5108,4713],{"class":131},[53,5110,2341],{"class":67},[53,5112,1470],{"class":273},[53,5114,81],{"class":67},[53,5116,3199],{"class":71},[53,5118,81],{"class":67},[53,5120,3213],{"class":938},[53,5122,2354],{"class":67},[20,5124,4920],{},[44,5126,5127],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5128,5129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5130,5131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5132,3401],{"class":938},[20,5134,5135,5136,594,5139,37],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[464,5137,3167],{"href":5138},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[464,5140,5142,5144],{"href":5141},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5143,3173],{}," explained",[39,5146,5148],{"id":5147},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5150,5151],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[44,5153,5155],{"className":46,"code":5154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5156,5157,5177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5158,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171,5173,5175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5160,3183],{"class":59},[53,5162,64],{"class":63},[53,5164,2982],{"class":67},[53,5166,1470],{"class":273},[53,5168,81],{"class":67},[53,5170,3199],{"class":71},[53,5172,81],{"class":67},[53,5174,3963],{"class":273},[53,5176,2995],{"class":67},[53,5178,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5180,132],{"class":131},[53,5182,116],{"class":67},[53,5184,4713],{"class":131},[53,5186,116],{"class":67},[53,5188,4718],{"class":112},[53,5190,1377],{"class":67},[20,5192,772],{},[44,5194,5195],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5196,5197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5198,5199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5200,3340],{"class":938},[20,5202,3800],{},[193,5204,5205,5210,5214],{},[196,5206,5207,5209],{},[15,5208,1470],{}," is falsy",[196,5211,5212,5209],{},[15,5213,3134],{},[196,5215,5216,5218],{},[15,5217,1487],{}," is truthy",[20,5220,5221,5222,1751,5225,37],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5223,5224],{},"any(values)",[15,5226,2963],{},[20,5228,5229],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[44,5231,5233],{"className":46,"code":5232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5234,5235,5259],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5236,5237,5239,5241,5243,5245,5247,5249,5251,5253,5255,5257],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5238,3183],{"class":59},[53,5240,64],{"class":63},[53,5242,2982],{"class":67},[53,5244,1470],{"class":273},[53,5246,81],{"class":67},[53,5248,3199],{"class":71},[53,5250,81],{"class":67},[53,5252,3213],{"class":938},[53,5254,81],{"class":67},[53,5256,3267],{"class":938},[53,5258,2995],{"class":67},[53,5260,5261,5263,5265,5267,5269,5271],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5262,132],{"class":131},[53,5264,116],{"class":67},[53,5266,4713],{"class":131},[53,5268,116],{"class":67},[53,5270,4718],{"class":112},[53,5272,1377],{"class":67},[20,5274,772],{},[44,5276,5277],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5278,5279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5280,5281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5282,3401],{"class":938},[20,5284,5285,5286,37],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5287,3035],{},[39,5289,5291],{"id":5290},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5293,5294,5296,5297,37],{},[15,5295,4543],{}," is often used with a ",[30,5298,5299],{},"generator expression",[20,5301,5302],{},"This is a common pattern:",[44,5304,5306],{"className":46,"code":5305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5307,5308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5309,5310,5312,5314,5317,5320,5323,5325,5328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5311,4713],{"class":131},[53,5313,116],{"class":67},[53,5315,5316],{"class":112},"condition ",[53,5318,5319],{"class":1105},"for",[53,5321,5322],{"class":112}," item ",[53,5324,1067],{"class":1105},[53,5326,5327],{"class":112}," items",[53,5329,125],{"class":67},[20,5331,5332],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5334,5335],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[44,5337,5339],{"className":46,"code":5338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5340,5341,5369,5373,5400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5342,5343,5345,5347,5349,5351,5353,5356,5358,5360,5362,5364,5367],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5344,266],{"class":59},[53,5346,64],{"class":63},[53,5348,2982],{"class":67},[53,5350,1858],{"class":273},[53,5352,81],{"class":67},[53,5354,5355],{"class":273}," 7",[53,5357,81],{"class":67},[53,5359,1574],{"class":63},[53,5361,300],{"class":273},[53,5363,81],{"class":67},[53,5365,5366],{"class":273}," 10",[53,5368,2995],{"class":67},[53,5370,5371],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5372,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,5374,5375,5377,5379,5382,5384,5386,5388,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5376,1582],{"class":59},[53,5378,64],{"class":63},[53,5380,5381],{"class":131}," any",[53,5383,116],{"class":67},[53,5385,2380],{"class":112},[53,5387,2647],{"class":63},[53,5389,3194],{"class":273},[53,5391,3237],{"class":1105},[53,5393,3240],{"class":112},[53,5395,1067],{"class":1105},[53,5397,3622],{"class":112},[53,5399,125],{"class":67},[53,5401,5402,5404,5406,5408],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,5403,132],{"class":131},[53,5405,116],{"class":67},[53,5407,1617],{"class":112},[53,5409,125],{"class":67},[20,5411,772],{},[44,5413,5414],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5415,5416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5417,5418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5419,3340],{"class":938},[20,5421,5422,5423,5426],{},"This works because ",[15,5424,5425],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[193,5428,5429,5437,5444],{},[196,5430,5431,5434,5435],{},[15,5432,5433],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5436,3035],{},[196,5438,5439,5434,5442],{},[15,5440,5441],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5443,3035],{},[196,5445,5446,5434,5449],{},[15,5447,5448],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5450,2963],{},[20,5452,5453,5454,5456,5457,5459,5460,37],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5455,2963],{}," result, ",[15,5458,4543],{}," can return ",[15,5461,2963],{},[20,5463,5464],{},"Here is another example:",[44,5466,5468],{"className":46,"code":5467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5469,5470,5499,5503,5533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5471,5472,5474,5476,5478,5480,5482,5484,5486,5489,5491,5493,5495,5497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5473,3431],{"class":59},[53,5475,64],{"class":63},[53,5477,2982],{"class":67},[53,5479,72],{"class":71},[53,5481,356],{"class":75},[53,5483,72],{"class":71},[53,5485,81],{"class":67},[53,5487,5488],{"class":71}," \"\"",[53,5490,81],{"class":67},[53,5492,84],{"class":71},[53,5494,365],{"class":75},[53,5496,72],{"class":71},[53,5498,2995],{"class":67},[53,5500,5501],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5502,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,5504,5505,5508,5510,5512,5514,5517,5519,5521,5523,5526,5528,5531],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5506,5507],{"class":59},"has_empty_string ",[53,5509,64],{"class":63},[53,5511,5381],{"class":131},[53,5513,116],{"class":67},[53,5515,5516],{"class":112},"word ",[53,5518,4046],{"class":63},[53,5520,5488],{"class":71},[53,5522,3237],{"class":1105},[53,5524,5525],{"class":112}," word ",[53,5527,1067],{"class":1105},[53,5529,5530],{"class":112}," words",[53,5532,125],{"class":67},[53,5534,5535,5537,5539,5542],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,5536,132],{"class":131},[53,5538,116],{"class":67},[53,5540,5541],{"class":112},"has_empty_string",[53,5543,125],{"class":67},[20,5545,772],{},[44,5547,5548],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5549,5550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5551,5552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5553,3340],{"class":938},[20,5555,5556,5557,37],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[464,5558,5560],{"href":5559},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[39,5562,5564],{"id":5563},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5566,5567,5568,191],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5569,3035],{},[44,5571,5573],{"className":46,"code":5572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5574,5575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5576,5577,5579,5581,5583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5578,132],{"class":131},[53,5580,116],{"class":67},[53,5582,4713],{"class":131},[53,5584,3787],{"class":67},[20,5586,772],{},[44,5588,5589],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5590,5591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5592,5593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5594,3401],{"class":938},[20,5596,5597],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5599,5600,5601,5603],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5602,4543],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5605,5606],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[44,5608,5610],{"className":46,"code":5609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5611,5612,5622,5637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5613,5614,5616,5618,5620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5615,132],{"class":131},[53,5617,116],{"class":67},[53,5619,4713],{"class":131},[53,5621,3845],{"class":67},[53,5623,5624,5626,5628,5630,5632,5635],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5625,132],{"class":131},[53,5627,116],{"class":67},[53,5629,4713],{"class":131},[53,5631,116],{"class":67},[53,5633,5634],{"class":71},"\"\"",[53,5636,1377],{"class":67},[53,5638,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647,5650],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5640,132],{"class":131},[53,5642,116],{"class":67},[53,5644,4713],{"class":131},[53,5646,116],{"class":67},[53,5648,5649],{"class":550},"set",[53,5651,5652],{"class":67},"()))\n",[20,5654,772],{},[44,5656,5658],{"className":46,"code":5657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5659,5660,5664,5668],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5661,5662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5663,3401],{"class":938},[53,5665,5666],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5667,3401],{"class":938},[53,5669,5670],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5671,3401],{"class":938},[39,5673,5675],{"id":5674},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5677,174,5678,5680],{},[15,5679,4543],{}," when you want to:",[193,5682,5683,5686,5689],{},[196,5684,5685],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[196,5687,5688],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[196,5690,5691],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5693,5694],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[44,5696,5698],{"className":46,"code":5697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5699,5700,5725,5729,5739,5743,5756,5775,5786,5792,5797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5701,5702,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718,5720,5723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5703,266],{"class":59},[53,5705,64],{"class":63},[53,5707,2982],{"class":67},[53,5709,274],{"class":273},[53,5711,81],{"class":67},[53,5713,284],{"class":273},[53,5715,81],{"class":67},[53,5717,3963],{"class":273},[53,5719,81],{"class":67},[53,5721,5722],{"class":273}," 8",[53,5724,2995],{"class":67},[53,5726,5727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5728,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,5730,5731,5734,5736],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,5732,5733],{"class":59},"found_even ",[53,5735,64],{"class":63},[53,5737,5738],{"class":938}," False\n",[53,5740,5741],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,5742,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,5744,5745,5747,5750,5752,5754],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,5746,5319],{"class":1105},[53,5748,5749],{"class":59}," number ",[53,5751,1067],{"class":1105},[53,5753,3622],{"class":59},[53,5755,1120],{"class":67},[53,5757,5758,5761,5763,5766,5768,5771,5773],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,5759,5760],{"class":1105},"    if",[53,5762,5749],{"class":59},[53,5764,5765],{"class":63},"%",[53,5767,279],{"class":273},[53,5769,5770],{"class":63}," ==",[53,5772,3194],{"class":273},[53,5774,1120],{"class":67},[53,5776,5778,5781,5783],{"class":55,"line":5777},7,[53,5779,5780],{"class":59},"        found_even ",[53,5782,64],{"class":63},[53,5784,5785],{"class":938}," True\n",[53,5787,5789],{"class":55,"line":5788},8,[53,5790,5791],{"class":1105},"        break\n",[53,5793,5795],{"class":55,"line":5794},9,[53,5796,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,5798,5800,5802,5804,5807],{"class":55,"line":5799},10,[53,5801,132],{"class":131},[53,5803,116],{"class":67},[53,5805,5806],{"class":112},"found_even",[53,5808,125],{"class":67},[20,5810,5811],{},"You can write:",[44,5813,5815],{"className":46,"code":5814,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,5816,5817,5841],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5818,5819,5821,5823,5825,5827,5829,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5820,266],{"class":59},[53,5822,64],{"class":63},[53,5824,2982],{"class":67},[53,5826,274],{"class":273},[53,5828,81],{"class":67},[53,5830,284],{"class":273},[53,5832,81],{"class":67},[53,5834,3963],{"class":273},[53,5836,81],{"class":67},[53,5838,5722],{"class":273},[53,5840,2995],{"class":67},[53,5842,5843,5845,5847,5849,5851,5853,5855,5857,5859,5861,5863,5865,5867,5869],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,5844,132],{"class":131},[53,5846,116],{"class":67},[53,5848,4713],{"class":131},[53,5850,116],{"class":67},[53,5852,1569],{"class":112},[53,5854,5765],{"class":63},[53,5856,279],{"class":273},[53,5858,5770],{"class":63},[53,5860,3194],{"class":273},[53,5862,3237],{"class":1105},[53,5864,5749],{"class":112},[53,5866,1067],{"class":1105},[53,5868,3622],{"class":112},[53,5870,1377],{"class":67},[20,5872,5873,5874,5876],{},"Both work, but ",[15,5875,4543],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[39,5878,834],{"id":833},[20,5880,5881,5882,37],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,5883,4543],{},[599,5885,5887],{"id":5886},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,5889,3883],{},[44,5891,5893],{"className":46,"code":5892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any(5))\n",[15,5894,5895],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5896,5897,5899,5901,5903,5905,5907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5898,132],{"class":131},[53,5900,116],{"class":67},[53,5902,4713],{"class":131},[53,5904,116],{"class":67},[53,5906,1487],{"class":273},[53,5908,1377],{"class":67},[20,5910,5911,5912,5914],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,5913,1487],{}," is not iterable.",[20,5916,5917],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[44,5919,5921],{"className":46,"code":5920,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,5922,5923],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5924,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933,5935],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5926,132],{"class":131},[53,5928,116],{"class":67},[53,5930,4713],{"class":131},[53,5932,2341],{"class":67},[53,5934,1487],{"class":273},[53,5936,2354],{"class":67},[599,5938,5940],{"id":5939},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,5942,5943,5945,5946,5949],{},[15,5944,4543],{}," needs only ",[30,5947,5948],{},"one"," truthy item.",[44,5951,5953],{"className":46,"code":5952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,5954,5955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5956,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973,5975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5958,132],{"class":131},[53,5960,116],{"class":67},[53,5962,4713],{"class":131},[53,5964,2341],{"class":67},[53,5966,3035],{"class":938},[53,5968,81],{"class":67},[53,5970,3267],{"class":938},[53,5972,81],{"class":67},[53,5974,3276],{"class":938},[53,5976,2354],{"class":67},[20,5978,772],{},[44,5980,5981],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,5982,5983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,5984,5985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,5986,3340],{"class":938},[20,5988,5989,5990,5994],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[464,5991,5992],{"href":4785},[15,5993,2937],{}," instead.",[599,5996,5998],{"id":5997},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6000,6001,6002,37],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6003,6004],{},"\"True\"",[44,6006,6008],{"className":46,"code":6007,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6009,6010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6011,6012,6014,6016,6018,6020,6022,6024,6026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6013,132],{"class":131},[53,6015,116],{"class":67},[53,6017,4713],{"class":131},[53,6019,2341],{"class":67},[53,6021,72],{"class":71},[53,6023,3035],{"class":75},[53,6025,72],{"class":71},[53,6027,2354],{"class":67},[20,6029,772],{},[44,6031,6032],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6033,6034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6035,6036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6037,3340],{"class":938},[20,6039,6040,6041,6044],{},"That is because ",[15,6042,6043],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[599,6046,6048],{"id":6047},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6050,6051],{},"This works:",[44,6053,6055],{"className":46,"code":6054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6056,6057,6077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6058,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071,6073,6075],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6060,266],{"class":59},[53,6062,64],{"class":63},[53,6064,2982],{"class":67},[53,6066,274],{"class":273},[53,6068,81],{"class":67},[53,6070,279],{"class":273},[53,6072,81],{"class":67},[53,6074,284],{"class":273},[53,6076,2995],{"class":67},[53,6078,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6101],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6080,132],{"class":131},[53,6082,116],{"class":67},[53,6084,4713],{"class":131},[53,6086,2341],{"class":67},[53,6088,2380],{"class":112},[53,6090,3611],{"class":63},[53,6092,279],{"class":273},[53,6094,3237],{"class":1105},[53,6096,3240],{"class":112},[53,6098,1067],{"class":1105},[53,6100,3622],{"class":112},[53,6102,2354],{"class":67},[20,6104,6105],{},"But this is usually better:",[44,6107,6109],{"className":46,"code":6108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6110,6111,6131],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6112,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125,6127,6129],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6114,266],{"class":59},[53,6116,64],{"class":63},[53,6118,2982],{"class":67},[53,6120,274],{"class":273},[53,6122,81],{"class":67},[53,6124,279],{"class":273},[53,6126,81],{"class":67},[53,6128,284],{"class":273},[53,6130,2995],{"class":67},[53,6132,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6134,132],{"class":131},[53,6136,116],{"class":67},[53,6138,4713],{"class":131},[53,6140,116],{"class":67},[53,6142,2380],{"class":112},[53,6144,3611],{"class":63},[53,6146,279],{"class":273},[53,6148,3237],{"class":1105},[53,6150,3240],{"class":112},[53,6152,1067],{"class":1105},[53,6154,3622],{"class":112},[53,6156,1377],{"class":67},[20,6158,6159],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[39,6161,1187],{"id":1186},[599,6163,6165],{"id":6164},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6167,4507,6168,6170,6171,37],{},[15,6169,2963],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6172,3035],{},[599,6174,6176],{"id":6175},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6178,6179,1751,6181,6183],{},[15,6180,4543],{},[15,6182,3035],{}," for an empty iterable.",[599,6185,6187],{"id":6186},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6189,6190,6192,6193,6195],{},[15,6191,4543],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6194,2937],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[599,6197,6199],{"id":6198},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6201,6202],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[44,6204,6205],{"className":46,"code":5305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6206,6207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6208,6209,6211,6213,6215,6217,6219,6221,6223],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6210,4713],{"class":131},[53,6212,116],{"class":67},[53,6214,5316],{"class":112},[53,6216,5319],{"class":1105},[53,6218,5322],{"class":112},[53,6220,1067],{"class":1105},[53,6222,5327],{"class":112},[53,6224,125],{"class":67},[20,6226,4832],{},[44,6228,6229],{"className":46,"code":6108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6230,6231,6251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6232,6233,6235,6237,6239,6241,6243,6245,6247,6249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6234,266],{"class":59},[53,6236,64],{"class":63},[53,6238,2982],{"class":67},[53,6240,274],{"class":273},[53,6242,81],{"class":67},[53,6244,279],{"class":273},[53,6246,81],{"class":67},[53,6248,284],{"class":273},[53,6250,2995],{"class":67},[53,6252,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261,6263,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6254,132],{"class":131},[53,6256,116],{"class":67},[53,6258,4713],{"class":131},[53,6260,116],{"class":67},[53,6262,2380],{"class":112},[53,6264,3611],{"class":63},[53,6266,279],{"class":273},[53,6268,3237],{"class":1105},[53,6270,3240],{"class":112},[53,6272,1067],{"class":1105},[53,6274,3622],{"class":112},[53,6276,1377],{"class":67},[39,6278,1244],{"id":1243},[193,6280,6281,6287,6291,6295,6300],{},[196,6282,6283],{},[464,6284,6285,2867],{"href":4785},[15,6286,2937],{},[196,6288,6289],{},[464,6290,3167],{"href":5138},[196,6292,6293],{},[464,6294,4575],{"href":4947},[196,6296,6297],{},[464,6298,6299],{"href":5559},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[196,6301,6302],{},[464,6303,6304,2867],{"href":5141},[15,6305,3173],{},[1276,6307,6308],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":6310},[6311,6312,6313,6314,6315,6316,6317,6318,6324,6330],{"id":4735,"depth":104,"text":4736},{"id":4790,"depth":104,"text":4791},{"id":3089,"depth":104,"text":3090},{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":5290,"depth":104,"text":5291},{"id":5563,"depth":104,"text":5564},{"id":5674,"depth":104,"text":5675},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":6319},[6320,6321,6322,6323],{"id":5886,"depth":128,"text":5887},{"id":5939,"depth":128,"text":5940},{"id":5997,"depth":128,"text":5998},{"id":6047,"depth":128,"text":6048},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":6325},[6326,6327,6328,6329],{"id":6164,"depth":128,"text":6165},{"id":6175,"depth":128,"text":6176},{"id":6186,"depth":128,"text":6187},{"id":6198,"depth":128,"text":6199},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4638,"description":6331},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6337,"title":6338,"body":6339,"description":8472,"extension":1312,"meta":8473,"navigation":383,"path":8474,"seo":8475,"stem":8476,"__hash__":8477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6340,"toc":8435},[6341,6344,6353,6362,6364,6461,6463,6492,6508,6512,6517,6520,6530,6536,6542,6558,6560,6568,6575,6579,6582,6597,6602,6620,6625,6627,6675,6677,6694,6698,6704,6707,6742,6744,6850,6852,6889,6893,6901,6903,6923,6925,7046,7048,7077,7080,7103,7105,7113,7121,7125,7131,7135,7178,7180,7188,7191,7219,7221,7229,7233,7262,7264,7272,7304,7306,7314,7318,7369,7371,7379,7387,7391,7394,7447,7449,7470,7477,7481,7487,7490,7498,7520,7522,7530,7538,7561,7563,7571,7576,7581,7593,7595,7636,7647,7651,7660,7663,7666,7725,7728,7780,7783,7789,7805,7811,7813,7818,7826,7829,7851,7853,7861,7866,7869,7904,7906,7914,7918,7923,7961,7973,7976,8031,8039,8043,8046,8068,8076,8079,8120,8122,8145,8151,8157,8172,8174,8194,8197,8216,8218,8237,8241,8247,8326,8329,8343,8350,8352,8356,8363,8367,8371,8375,8380,8384,8389,8393,8400,8402,8432],[10,6342,6338],{"id":6343},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6345,1329,6346,6348,6349,1219,6351,37],{},[15,6347,3173],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6350,2963],{},[15,6352,3035],{},[20,6354,6355,6356,6358,6359,6361],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6357,3173],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6360,1106],{}," statements and other conditions.",[39,6363,2968],{"id":2967},[44,6365,6367],{"className":46,"code":6366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6368,6369,6383,6397,6411,6429,6439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6370,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6372,132],{"class":131},[53,6374,116],{"class":67},[53,6376,3228],{"class":550},[53,6378,116],{"class":67},[53,6380,1470],{"class":273},[53,6382,1377],{"class":67},[53,6384,6385,6387,6389,6391,6393,6395],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6386,132],{"class":131},[53,6388,116],{"class":67},[53,6390,3228],{"class":550},[53,6392,116],{"class":67},[53,6394,274],{"class":273},[53,6396,1377],{"class":67},[53,6398,6399,6401,6403,6405,6407,6409],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6400,132],{"class":131},[53,6402,116],{"class":67},[53,6404,3228],{"class":550},[53,6406,116],{"class":67},[53,6408,5634],{"class":71},[53,6410,1377],{"class":67},[53,6412,6413,6415,6417,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,6414,132],{"class":131},[53,6416,116],{"class":67},[53,6418,3228],{"class":550},[53,6420,116],{"class":67},[53,6422,72],{"class":71},[53,6424,3206],{"class":75},[53,6426,72],{"class":71},[53,6428,1377],{"class":67},[53,6430,6431,6433,6435,6437],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,6432,132],{"class":131},[53,6434,116],{"class":67},[53,6436,3228],{"class":550},[53,6438,3787],{"class":67},[53,6440,6441,6443,6445,6447,6449,6451,6453,6455,6457,6459],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,6442,132],{"class":131},[53,6444,116],{"class":67},[53,6446,3228],{"class":550},[53,6448,2341],{"class":67},[53,6450,274],{"class":273},[53,6452,81],{"class":67},[53,6454,279],{"class":273},[53,6456,81],{"class":67},[53,6458,284],{"class":273},[53,6460,2354],{"class":67},[20,6462,4920],{},[44,6464,6466],{"className":46,"code":6465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6467,6468,6472,6476,6480,6484,6488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6469,6470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6471,3401],{"class":938},[53,6473,6474],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6475,3340],{"class":938},[53,6477,6478],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6479,3401],{"class":938},[53,6481,6482],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,6483,3340],{"class":938},[53,6485,6486],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,6487,3401],{"class":938},[53,6489,6490],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,6491,3340],{"class":938},[20,6493,174,6494,6497,6498,1219,6500,6502,6503,6505,6506,37],{},[15,6495,6496],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6499,2963],{},[15,6501,3035],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6504,3035],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6507,2963],{},[39,6509,6511],{"id":6510},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6513,6514,6516],{},[15,6515,3173],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6518,6519],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[193,6521,6522,6526],{},[196,6523,6524],{},[15,6525,2963],{},[196,6527,6528],{},[15,6529,3035],{},[20,6531,6532,6533,6535],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6534,1106],{}," statements.",[20,6537,6538,6539,6541],{},"You can also call ",[15,6540,3173],{}," with no argument:",[44,6543,6545],{"className":46,"code":6544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool())\n",[15,6546,6547],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6548,6549,6551,6553,6555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6550,132],{"class":131},[53,6552,116],{"class":67},[53,6554,3228],{"class":550},[53,6556,6557],{"class":67},"())\n",[20,6559,772],{},[44,6561,6562],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,6563,6564],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6565,6566],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6567,3401],{"class":938},[20,6569,6570,6571,37],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[464,6572,6574],{"href":6573},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[39,6576,6578],{"id":6577},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6580,6581],{},"The basic syntax is:",[44,6583,6585],{"className":46,"code":6584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bool(value)\n",[15,6586,6587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6588,6589,6591,6593,6595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6590,3228],{"class":550},[53,6592,116],{"class":67},[53,6594,236],{"class":112},[53,6596,125],{"class":67},[20,6598,1329,6599,6601],{},[15,6600,236],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[193,6603,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612,6615,6617],{},[196,6605,291],{},[196,6607,4668],{},[196,6609,4659],{},[196,6611,4662],{},[196,6613,6614],{},"dictionaries",[196,6616,4665],{},[196,6618,6619],{},"other objects",[20,6621,6622,6623,37],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6624,3035],{},[20,6626,1559],{},[44,6628,6630],{"className":46,"code":6629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6631,6632,6646,6665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6633,6634,6636,6638,6640,6642,6644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6635,132],{"class":131},[53,6637,116],{"class":67},[53,6639,3228],{"class":550},[53,6641,116],{"class":67},[53,6643,1684],{"class":273},[53,6645,1377],{"class":67},[53,6647,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658,6661,6663],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6649,132],{"class":131},[53,6651,116],{"class":67},[53,6653,3228],{"class":550},[53,6655,116],{"class":67},[53,6657,72],{"class":71},[53,6659,6660],{"class":75},"Python",[53,6662,72],{"class":71},[53,6664,1377],{"class":67},[53,6666,6667,6669,6671,6673],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6668,132],{"class":131},[53,6670,116],{"class":67},[53,6672,3228],{"class":550},[53,6674,6557],{"class":67},[20,6676,772],{},[44,6678,6680],{"className":46,"code":6679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6681,6682,6686,6690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6683,6684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6685,3340],{"class":938},[53,6687,6688],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6689,3340],{"class":938},[53,6691,6692],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6693,3401],{"class":938},[39,6695,6697],{"id":6696},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6699,6700,6701,6703],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[30,6702,4957],{}," values.",[20,6705,6706],{},"Common examples:",[193,6708,6709,6713,6717,6721,6725,6730,6734,6738],{},[196,6710,6711],{},[15,6712,1470],{},[196,6714,6715],{},[15,6716,3129],{},[196,6718,6719],{},[15,6720,5634],{},[196,6722,6723],{},[15,6724,3147],{},[196,6726,6727],{},[15,6728,6729],{},"()",[196,6731,6732],{},[15,6733,3152],{},[196,6735,6736],{},[15,6737,3157],{},[196,6739,6740],{},[15,6741,849],{},[20,6743,1559],{},[44,6745,6747],{"className":46,"code":6746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,6748,6749,6763,6777,6791,6801,6811,6822,6836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6750,6751,6753,6755,6757,6759,6761],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6752,132],{"class":131},[53,6754,116],{"class":67},[53,6756,3228],{"class":550},[53,6758,116],{"class":67},[53,6760,1470],{"class":273},[53,6762,1377],{"class":67},[53,6764,6765,6767,6769,6771,6773,6775],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6766,132],{"class":131},[53,6768,116],{"class":67},[53,6770,3228],{"class":550},[53,6772,116],{"class":67},[53,6774,3129],{"class":273},[53,6776,1377],{"class":67},[53,6778,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6780,132],{"class":131},[53,6782,116],{"class":67},[53,6784,3228],{"class":550},[53,6786,116],{"class":67},[53,6788,5634],{"class":71},[53,6790,1377],{"class":67},[53,6792,6793,6795,6797,6799],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,6794,132],{"class":131},[53,6796,116],{"class":67},[53,6798,3228],{"class":550},[53,6800,3787],{"class":67},[53,6802,6803,6805,6807,6809],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,6804,132],{"class":131},[53,6806,116],{"class":67},[53,6808,3228],{"class":550},[53,6810,3845],{"class":67},[53,6812,6813,6815,6817,6819],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,6814,132],{"class":131},[53,6816,116],{"class":67},[53,6818,3228],{"class":550},[53,6820,6821],{"class":67},"({}))\n",[53,6823,6824,6826,6828,6830,6832,6834],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,6825,132],{"class":131},[53,6827,116],{"class":67},[53,6829,3228],{"class":550},[53,6831,116],{"class":67},[53,6833,5649],{"class":550},[53,6835,5652],{"class":67},[53,6837,6838,6840,6842,6844,6846,6848],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,6839,132],{"class":131},[53,6841,116],{"class":67},[53,6843,3228],{"class":550},[53,6845,116],{"class":67},[53,6847,849],{"class":938},[53,6849,1377],{"class":67},[20,6851,772],{},[44,6853,6855],{"className":46,"code":6854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6856,6857,6861,6865,6869,6873,6877,6881,6885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6858,6859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6860,3401],{"class":938},[53,6862,6863],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6864,3401],{"class":938},[53,6866,6867],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6868,3401],{"class":938},[53,6870,6871],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,6872,3401],{"class":938},[53,6874,6875],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,6876,3401],{"class":938},[53,6878,6879],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,6880,3401],{"class":938},[53,6882,6883],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,6884,3401],{"class":938},[53,6886,6887],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,6888,3401],{"class":938},[39,6890,6892],{"id":6891},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,6894,6895,6896,6898,6899,6703],{},"Many values become ",[15,6897,2963],{},". These are often called ",[30,6900,4954],{},[20,6902,6706],{},[193,6904,6905,6908,6911,6914,6917,6920],{},[196,6906,6907],{},"non-zero numbers",[196,6909,6910],{},"non-empty strings",[196,6912,6913],{},"non-empty lists",[196,6915,6916],{},"non-empty tuples",[196,6918,6919],{},"non-empty sets",[196,6921,6922],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,6924,1559],{},[44,6926,6928],{"className":46,"code":6927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,6929,6930,6944,6960,6978,7000,7018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,6931,6932,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,6933,132],{"class":131},[53,6935,116],{"class":67},[53,6937,3228],{"class":550},[53,6939,116],{"class":67},[53,6941,1487],{"class":273},[53,6943,1377],{"class":67},[53,6945,6946,6948,6950,6952,6954,6956,6958],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,6947,132],{"class":131},[53,6949,116],{"class":67},[53,6951,3228],{"class":550},[53,6953,116],{"class":67},[53,6955,1371],{"class":63},[53,6957,300],{"class":273},[53,6959,1377],{"class":67},[53,6961,6962,6964,6966,6968,6970,6972,6974,6976],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,6963,132],{"class":131},[53,6965,116],{"class":67},[53,6967,3228],{"class":550},[53,6969,116],{"class":67},[53,6971,72],{"class":71},[53,6973,3206],{"class":75},[53,6975,72],{"class":71},[53,6977,1377],{"class":67},[53,6979,6980,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992,6994,6996,6998],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,6981,132],{"class":131},[53,6983,116],{"class":67},[53,6985,3228],{"class":550},[53,6987,2341],{"class":67},[53,6989,274],{"class":273},[53,6991,81],{"class":67},[53,6993,279],{"class":273},[53,6995,81],{"class":67},[53,6997,284],{"class":273},[53,6999,2354],{"class":67},[53,7001,7002,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014,7016],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,7003,132],{"class":131},[53,7005,116],{"class":67},[53,7007,3228],{"class":550},[53,7009,4871],{"class":67},[53,7011,274],{"class":273},[53,7013,81],{"class":67},[53,7015,279],{"class":273},[53,7017,2267],{"class":67},[53,7019,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028,7030,7033,7035,7037,7039,7042,7044],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,7021,132],{"class":131},[53,7023,116],{"class":67},[53,7025,3228],{"class":550},[53,7027,4890],{"class":67},[53,7029,72],{"class":71},[53,7031,7032],{"class":75},"name",[53,7034,72],{"class":71},[53,7036,191],{"class":67},[53,7038,84],{"class":71},[53,7040,7041],{"class":75},"Sam",[53,7043,72],{"class":71},[53,7045,4899],{"class":67},[20,7047,772],{},[44,7049,7051],{"className":46,"code":7050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7052,7053,7057,7061,7065,7069,7073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7054,7055],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7056,3340],{"class":938},[53,7058,7059],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7060,3340],{"class":938},[53,7062,7063],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,7064,3340],{"class":938},[53,7066,7067],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,7068,3340],{"class":938},[53,7070,7071],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,7072,3340],{"class":938},[53,7074,7075],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,7076,3340],{"class":938},[20,7078,7079],{},"One important example is this:",[44,7081,7083],{"className":46,"code":7082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7084,7085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7086,7087,7089,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7088,132],{"class":131},[53,7090,116],{"class":67},[53,7092,3228],{"class":550},[53,7094,116],{"class":67},[53,7096,72],{"class":71},[53,7098,3035],{"class":75},[53,7100,72],{"class":71},[53,7102,1377],{"class":67},[20,7104,772],{},[44,7106,7107],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7108,7109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7110,7111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7112,3340],{"class":938},[20,7114,7115,7116,7118,7119,37],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7117,6043],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7120,2963],{},[39,7122,7124],{"id":7123},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7126,7127,7128,7130],{},"You can use ",[15,7129,3173],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[599,7132,7134],{"id":7133},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[44,7136,7138],{"className":46,"code":7137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7139,7140,7163],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7141,7142,7145,7147,7149,7151,7153,7156,7158,7161],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7143,7144],{"class":59},"items ",[53,7146,64],{"class":63},[53,7148,2982],{"class":67},[53,7150,1684],{"class":273},[53,7152,81],{"class":67},[53,7154,7155],{"class":273}," 20",[53,7157,81],{"class":67},[53,7159,7160],{"class":273}," 30",[53,7162,2995],{"class":67},[53,7164,7165,7167,7169,7171,7173,7176],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7166,132],{"class":131},[53,7168,116],{"class":67},[53,7170,3228],{"class":550},[53,7172,116],{"class":67},[53,7174,7175],{"class":112},"items",[53,7177,1377],{"class":67},[20,7179,772],{},[44,7181,7182],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7183,7184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7185,7186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7187,3340],{"class":938},[20,7189,7190],{},"With an empty list:",[44,7192,7194],{"className":46,"code":7193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7195,7196,7205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7197,7198,7200,7202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7199,7144],{"class":59},[53,7201,64],{"class":63},[53,7203,7204],{"class":67}," []\n",[53,7206,7207,7209,7211,7213,7215,7217],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7208,132],{"class":131},[53,7210,116],{"class":67},[53,7212,3228],{"class":550},[53,7214,116],{"class":67},[53,7216,7175],{"class":112},[53,7218,1377],{"class":67},[20,7220,772],{},[44,7222,7223],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7224,7225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7226,7227],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7228,3401],{"class":938},[599,7230,7232],{"id":7231},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[44,7234,7236],{"className":46,"code":7235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7237,7238,7248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7239,7240,7243,7245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7241,7242],{"class":59},"name ",[53,7244,64],{"class":63},[53,7246,7247],{"class":71}," \"\"\n",[53,7249,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7251,132],{"class":131},[53,7253,116],{"class":67},[53,7255,3228],{"class":550},[53,7257,116],{"class":67},[53,7259,7032],{"class":112},[53,7261,1377],{"class":67},[20,7263,772],{},[44,7265,7266],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7267,7268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7269,7270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7271,3401],{"class":938},[44,7273,7275],{"className":46,"code":7274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7276,7277,7290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7278,7279,7281,7283,7285,7288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7280,7242],{"class":59},[53,7282,64],{"class":63},[53,7284,84],{"class":71},[53,7286,7287],{"class":75},"Mia",[53,7289,2715],{"class":71},[53,7291,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300,7302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7293,132],{"class":131},[53,7295,116],{"class":67},[53,7297,3228],{"class":550},[53,7299,116],{"class":67},[53,7301,7032],{"class":112},[53,7303,1377],{"class":67},[20,7305,772],{},[44,7307,7308],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7309,7310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7311,7312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7313,3340],{"class":938},[599,7315,7317],{"id":7316},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[44,7319,7321],{"className":46,"code":7320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7322,7323,7337,7354,7358],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7324,7325,7328,7330,7332,7335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7326,7327],{"class":59},"username ",[53,7329,64],{"class":63},[53,7331,84],{"class":71},[53,7333,7334],{"class":75},"alex",[53,7336,2715],{"class":71},[53,7338,7339,7342,7344,7347,7349,7352],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7340,7341],{"class":59},"has_name ",[53,7343,64],{"class":63},[53,7345,7346],{"class":550}," bool",[53,7348,116],{"class":67},[53,7350,7351],{"class":112},"username",[53,7353,125],{"class":67},[53,7355,7356],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,7357,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,7359,7360,7362,7364,7367],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,7361,132],{"class":131},[53,7363,116],{"class":67},[53,7365,7366],{"class":112},"has_name",[53,7368,125],{"class":67},[20,7370,772],{},[44,7372,7373],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7374,7375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7376,7377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7378,3340],{"class":938},[20,7380,7381,7382,1219,7384,7386],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7383,2963],{},[15,7385,3035],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[599,7388,7390],{"id":7389},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7392,7393],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[44,7395,7397],{"className":46,"code":7396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7398,7399,7419,7423,7431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7400,7401,7403,7405,7407,7409,7411,7413,7415,7417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7402,266],{"class":59},[53,7404,64],{"class":63},[53,7406,2982],{"class":67},[53,7408,274],{"class":273},[53,7410,81],{"class":67},[53,7412,279],{"class":273},[53,7414,81],{"class":67},[53,7416,284],{"class":273},[53,7418,2995],{"class":67},[53,7420,7421],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7422,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,7424,7425,7427,7429],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,7426,1106],{"class":1105},[53,7428,3622],{"class":59},[53,7430,1120],{"class":67},[53,7432,7433,7436,7438,7440,7443,7445],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,7434,7435],{"class":131},"    print",[53,7437,116],{"class":67},[53,7439,72],{"class":71},[53,7441,7442],{"class":75},"The list is not empty",[53,7444,72],{"class":71},[53,7446,125],{"class":67},[20,7448,772],{},[44,7450,7452],{"className":46,"code":7451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7453,7454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7455,7456,7458,7461,7464,7467],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7457,1329],{"class":59},[53,7459,7460],{"class":550},"list",[53,7462,7463],{"class":63}," is",[53,7465,7466],{"class":63}," not",[53,7468,7469],{"class":59}," empty\n",[20,7471,7472,7473,37],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[464,7474,7476],{"href":7475},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[39,7478,7480],{"id":7479},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7482,7483,7484,7486],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7485,3173],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7488,7489],{},"It does not do that.",[599,7491,7493,1751,7496],{"id":7492},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7494,7495],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7497,2963],{},[44,7499,7500],{"className":46,"code":7082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7501,7502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7503,7504,7506,7508,7510,7512,7514,7516,7518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7505,132],{"class":131},[53,7507,116],{"class":67},[53,7509,3228],{"class":550},[53,7511,116],{"class":67},[53,7513,72],{"class":71},[53,7515,3035],{"class":75},[53,7517,72],{"class":71},[53,7519,1377],{"class":67},[20,7521,772],{},[44,7523,7524],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7525,7526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7527,7528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7529,3340],{"class":938},[599,7531,7533,1751,7536],{"id":7532},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7534,7535],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7537,2963],{},[44,7539,7541],{"className":46,"code":7540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7542,7543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7544,7545,7547,7549,7551,7553,7555,7557,7559],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7546,132],{"class":131},[53,7548,116],{"class":67},[53,7550,3228],{"class":550},[53,7552,116],{"class":67},[53,7554,72],{"class":71},[53,7556,1470],{"class":75},[53,7558,72],{"class":71},[53,7560,1377],{"class":67},[20,7562,772],{},[44,7564,7565],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7566,7567],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7568,7569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7570,3340],{"class":938},[20,7572,7573,7574,37],{},"This happens because both values are ",[30,7575,6910],{},[20,7577,7578,7580],{},[15,7579,3173],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7582,7583,7584,7589,7590,7592],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[464,7585,7587],{"href":7586},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7588,2313],{},", because ",[15,7591,2313],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7594,1559],{},[44,7596,7598],{"className":46,"code":7597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7599,7600,7621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7601,7602,7605,7607,7610,7612,7614,7617,7619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7603,7604],{"class":59},"user_value ",[53,7606,64],{"class":63},[53,7608,7609],{"class":131}," input",[53,7611,116],{"class":67},[53,7613,72],{"class":71},[53,7615,7616],{"class":75},"Enter True or False: ",[53,7618,72],{"class":71},[53,7620,125],{"class":67},[53,7622,7623,7625,7627,7629,7631,7634],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7624,132],{"class":131},[53,7626,116],{"class":67},[53,7628,3228],{"class":550},[53,7630,116],{"class":67},[53,7632,7633],{"class":112},"user_value",[53,7635,1377],{"class":67},[20,7637,7638,7639,7641,7642,7589,7644,7646],{},"If the user types ",[15,7640,3035],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7643,2963],{},[15,7645,6043],{}," is not empty.",[39,7648,7650],{"id":7649},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7652,7653,7654,7656,7657,7659],{},"In many ",[15,7655,1106],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7658,3173],{}," yourself.",[20,7661,7662],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7664,7665],{},"Instead of this:",[44,7667,7669],{"className":46,"code":7668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7670,7671,7692,7696,7710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7672,7673,7676,7678,7680,7682,7684,7686,7688,7690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7674,7675],{"class":59},"my_list ",[53,7677,64],{"class":63},[53,7679,2982],{"class":67},[53,7681,274],{"class":273},[53,7683,81],{"class":67},[53,7685,279],{"class":273},[53,7687,81],{"class":67},[53,7689,284],{"class":273},[53,7691,2995],{"class":67},[53,7693,7694],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7695,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,7697,7698,7700,7702,7704,7707],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,7699,1106],{"class":1105},[53,7701,7346],{"class":550},[53,7703,116],{"class":67},[53,7705,7706],{"class":112},"my_list",[53,7708,7709],{"class":67},"):\n",[53,7711,7712,7714,7716,7718,7721,7723],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,7713,7435],{"class":131},[53,7715,116],{"class":67},[53,7717,72],{"class":71},[53,7719,7720],{"class":75},"List has items",[53,7722,72],{"class":71},[53,7724,125],{"class":67},[20,7726,7727],{},"You can simply write:",[44,7729,7731],{"className":46,"code":7730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7732,7733,7753,7757,7766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7734,7735,7737,7739,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7736,7675],{"class":59},[53,7738,64],{"class":63},[53,7740,2982],{"class":67},[53,7742,274],{"class":273},[53,7744,81],{"class":67},[53,7746,279],{"class":273},[53,7748,81],{"class":67},[53,7750,284],{"class":273},[53,7752,2995],{"class":67},[53,7754,7755],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7756,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,7758,7759,7761,7764],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,7760,1106],{"class":1105},[53,7762,7763],{"class":59}," my_list",[53,7765,1120],{"class":67},[53,7767,7768,7770,7772,7774,7776,7778],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,7769,7435],{"class":131},[53,7771,116],{"class":67},[53,7773,72],{"class":71},[53,7775,7720],{"class":75},[53,7777,72],{"class":71},[53,7779,125],{"class":67},[20,7781,7782],{},"Both examples work.",[20,7784,7785,7786,7788],{},"Using ",[15,7787,3173],{}," is still helpful when:",[193,7790,7791,7794,7802],{},[196,7792,7793],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[196,7795,7796,7797,1219,7799,7801],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,7798,2963],{},[15,7800,3035],{}," value",[196,7803,7804],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,7806,7807,7808,37],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[464,7809,7810],{"href":1652},"Python type() function explained",[39,7812,2185],{"id":2184},[20,7814,7815,7816,37],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,7817,3173],{},[599,7819,838,7821,7823,7824],{"id":7820},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,7822,7495],{}," to return ",[15,7825,3035],{},[20,7827,7828],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[44,7830,7831],{"className":46,"code":7082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7832,7833],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7834,7835,7837,7839,7841,7843,7845,7847,7849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7836,132],{"class":131},[53,7838,116],{"class":67},[53,7840,3228],{"class":550},[53,7842,116],{"class":67},[53,7844,72],{"class":71},[53,7846,3035],{"class":75},[53,7848,72],{"class":71},[53,7850,1377],{"class":67},[20,7852,772],{},[44,7854,7855],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7856,7857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7858,7859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7860,3340],{"class":938},[20,7862,7863,7864,6044],{},"Why? Because ",[15,7865,6043],{},[20,7867,7868],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[44,7870,7872],{"className":46,"code":7871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,7873,7874,7886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7875,7876,7878,7880,7882,7884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7877,1801],{"class":59},[53,7879,64],{"class":63},[53,7881,84],{"class":71},[53,7883,3035],{"class":75},[53,7885,2715],{"class":71},[53,7887,7888,7890,7892,7894,7896,7898,7900,7902],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7889,132],{"class":131},[53,7891,116],{"class":67},[53,7893,1801],{"class":112},[53,7895,4046],{"class":63},[53,7897,84],{"class":71},[53,7899,2963],{"class":75},[53,7901,72],{"class":71},[53,7903,125],{"class":67},[20,7905,772],{},[44,7907,7908],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,7909,7910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7911,7912],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7913,3401],{"class":938},[599,7915,7917],{"id":7916},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,7919,7920,7922],{},[15,7921,2313],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[44,7924,7926],{"className":46,"code":7925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,7927,7928,7947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7929,7930,7932,7934,7936,7938,7940,7943,7945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7931,1801],{"class":59},[53,7933,64],{"class":63},[53,7935,7609],{"class":131},[53,7937,116],{"class":67},[53,7939,72],{"class":71},[53,7941,7942],{"class":75},"Enter yes or no: ",[53,7944,72],{"class":71},[53,7946,125],{"class":67},[53,7948,7949,7951,7953,7955,7957,7959],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,7950,132],{"class":131},[53,7952,116],{"class":67},[53,7954,3228],{"class":550},[53,7956,116],{"class":67},[53,7958,236],{"class":112},[53,7960,1377],{"class":67},[20,7962,7638,7963,7966,7967,7969,7970,7646],{},[15,7964,7965],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,7968,2963],{}," because ",[15,7971,7972],{},"\"no\"",[20,7974,7975],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[44,7977,7979],{"className":46,"code":7978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,7980,7981,8012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,7982,7983,7985,7987,7989,7991,7993,7995,7997,8000,8003,8006,8009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,7984,1801],{"class":59},[53,7986,64],{"class":63},[53,7988,7609],{"class":131},[53,7990,116],{"class":67},[53,7992,72],{"class":71},[53,7994,7942],{"class":75},[53,7996,72],{"class":71},[53,7998,7999],{"class":67},").",[53,8001,8002],{"class":112},"strip",[53,8004,8005],{"class":67},"().",[53,8007,8008],{"class":112},"lower",[53,8010,8011],{"class":67},"()\n",[53,8013,8014,8016,8018,8020,8022,8024,8027,8029],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8015,132],{"class":131},[53,8017,116],{"class":67},[53,8019,1801],{"class":112},[53,8021,4046],{"class":63},[53,8023,84],{"class":71},[53,8025,8026],{"class":75},"yes",[53,8028,72],{"class":71},[53,8030,125],{"class":67},[20,8032,8033,8034,8036,8037,37],{},"This gives ",[15,8035,2963],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8038,8026],{},[599,8040,8042],{"id":8041},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8044,8045],{},"These are different:",[193,8047,8048,8052,8056,8060,8064],{},[196,8049,8050],{},[15,8051,3035],{},[196,8053,8054],{},[15,8055,1470],{},[196,8057,8058],{},[15,8059,5634],{},[196,8061,8062],{},[15,8063,3147],{},[196,8065,8066],{},[15,8067,849],{},[20,8069,8070,8071,1154,8073,8075],{},"They all become ",[15,8072,3035],{},[15,8074,3173],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8077,8078],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[44,8080,8082],{"className":46,"code":8081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8083,8084,8092,8106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8085,8086,8088,8090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8087,1801],{"class":59},[53,8089,64],{"class":63},[53,8091,7204],{"class":67},[53,8093,8094,8096,8098,8100,8102,8104],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8095,132],{"class":131},[53,8097,116],{"class":67},[53,8099,2578],{"class":550},[53,8101,116],{"class":67},[53,8103,236],{"class":112},[53,8105,1377],{"class":67},[53,8107,8108,8110,8112,8114,8116,8118],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,8109,132],{"class":131},[53,8111,116],{"class":67},[53,8113,3228],{"class":550},[53,8115,116],{"class":67},[53,8117,236],{"class":112},[53,8119,1377],{"class":67},[20,8121,772],{},[44,8123,8125],{"className":46,"code":8124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8126,8127,8141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8128,8129,8131,8133,8135,8137,8139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8130,2647],{"class":63},[53,8132,2650],{"class":1415},[53,8134,165],{"class":71},[53,8136,7460],{"class":75},[53,8138,156],{"class":71},[53,8140,2659],{"class":63},[53,8142,8143],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8144,3401],{"class":938},[599,8146,7785,8148,8150],{"id":8147},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8149,3152],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8152,8153,8154,8156],{},"In Python, ",[15,8155,3152],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[44,8158,8160],{"className":46,"code":8159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8161,8162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8163,8164,8166,8168,8170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8165,132],{"class":131},[53,8167,116],{"class":67},[53,8169,2578],{"class":550},[53,8171,6821],{"class":67},[20,8173,772],{},[44,8175,8177],{"className":46,"code":8176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8178,8179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8180,8181,8183,8185,8187,8190,8192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8182,2647],{"class":63},[53,8184,2650],{"class":1415},[53,8186,165],{"class":71},[53,8188,8189],{"class":75},"dict",[53,8191,156],{"class":71},[53,8193,2659],{"class":63},[20,8195,8196],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[44,8198,8200],{"className":46,"code":8199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8201,8202],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8203,8204,8206,8208,8210,8212,8214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8205,132],{"class":131},[53,8207,116],{"class":67},[53,8209,2578],{"class":550},[53,8211,116],{"class":67},[53,8213,5649],{"class":550},[53,8215,5652],{"class":67},[20,8217,772],{},[44,8219,8221],{"className":46,"code":8220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8222,8223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8224,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233,8235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8226,2647],{"class":63},[53,8228,2650],{"class":1415},[53,8230,165],{"class":71},[53,8232,5649],{"class":75},[53,8234,156],{"class":71},[53,8236,2659],{"class":63},[39,8238,8240],{"id":8239},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8242,8243,8244,8246],{},"If ",[15,8245,3173],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[44,8248,8250],{"className":46,"code":8249,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8251,8252,8266,8280,8290,8308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8253,8254,8256,8258,8260,8262,8264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8255,132],{"class":131},[53,8257,116],{"class":67},[53,8259,3228],{"class":550},[53,8261,116],{"class":67},[53,8263,236],{"class":112},[53,8265,1377],{"class":67},[53,8267,8268,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8269,132],{"class":131},[53,8271,116],{"class":67},[53,8273,2578],{"class":550},[53,8275,116],{"class":67},[53,8277,236],{"class":112},[53,8279,1377],{"class":67},[53,8281,8282,8284,8286,8288],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,8283,132],{"class":131},[53,8285,116],{"class":67},[53,8287,236],{"class":112},[53,8289,125],{"class":67},[53,8291,8292,8294,8296,8298,8300,8302,8304,8306],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,8293,132],{"class":131},[53,8295,116],{"class":67},[53,8297,1801],{"class":112},[53,8299,4046],{"class":63},[53,8301,84],{"class":71},[53,8303,2963],{"class":75},[53,8305,72],{"class":71},[53,8307,125],{"class":67},[53,8309,8310,8312,8314,8316,8318,8320,8322,8324],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,8311,132],{"class":131},[53,8313,116],{"class":67},[53,8315,236],{"class":112},[53,8317,37],{"class":67},[53,8319,8002],{"class":112},[53,8321,8005],{"class":67},[53,8323,8008],{"class":112},[53,8325,6557],{"class":67},[20,8327,8328],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[193,8330,8331,8334,8337,8340],{},[196,8332,8333],{},"what the value really is",[196,8335,8336],{},"whether it is a string",[196,8338,8339],{},"whether it contains spaces",[196,8341,8342],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8344,8345,8346,37],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[464,8347,8349],{"href":8348},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[39,8351,1187],{"id":1186},[599,8353,8355],{"id":8354},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8357,8358,8359,1219,8361,37],{},"It returns either ",[15,8360,2963],{},[15,8362,3035],{},[599,8364,8366],{"id":8365},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8368,4507,8369,37],{},[15,8370,3035],{},[599,8372,8374],{"id":8373},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8376,8377,8378,37],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8379,2963],{},[599,8381,8383],{"id":8382},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8385,8386,8387,37],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8388,3035],{},[599,8390,8392],{"id":8391},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8394,8395,8396,1219,8398,3098],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8397,2963],{},[15,8399,3035],{},[39,8401,1244],{"id":1243},[193,8403,8404,8409,8413,8418,8422,8427],{},[196,8405,8406],{},[464,8407,8408],{"href":5138},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[196,8410,8411],{},[464,8412,7476],{"href":7475},[196,8414,8415],{},[464,8416,8417],{"href":7586},"Python input() function explained",[196,8419,8420],{},[464,8421,7810],{"href":1652},[196,8423,8424],{},[464,8425,8426],{"href":8348},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[196,8428,8429],{},[464,8430,8431],{"href":6573},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1276,8433,8434],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":8436},[8437,8438,8439,8440,8441,8442,8448,8454,8455,8463,8464,8471],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":6510,"depth":104,"text":6511},{"id":6577,"depth":104,"text":6578},{"id":6696,"depth":104,"text":6697},{"id":6891,"depth":104,"text":6892},{"id":7123,"depth":104,"text":7124,"children":8443},[8444,8445,8446,8447],{"id":7133,"depth":128,"text":7134},{"id":7231,"depth":128,"text":7232},{"id":7316,"depth":128,"text":7317},{"id":7389,"depth":128,"text":7390},{"id":7479,"depth":104,"text":7480,"children":8449},[8450,8452],{"id":7492,"depth":128,"text":8451},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7532,"depth":128,"text":8453},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7649,"depth":104,"text":7650},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":8456},[8457,8459,8460,8461],{"id":7820,"depth":128,"text":8458},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":7916,"depth":128,"text":7917},{"id":8041,"depth":128,"text":8042},{"id":8147,"depth":128,"text":8462},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8239,"depth":104,"text":8240},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":8465},[8466,8467,8468,8469,8470],{"id":8354,"depth":128,"text":8355},{"id":8365,"depth":128,"text":8366},{"id":8373,"depth":128,"text":8374},{"id":8382,"depth":128,"text":8383},{"id":8391,"depth":128,"text":8392},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6338,"description":8472},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8479,"title":8480,"body":8481,"description":10670,"extension":1312,"meta":10671,"navigation":383,"path":10672,"seo":10673,"stem":10674,"__hash__":10675},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8482,"toc":10632},[8483,8489,8495,8502,8507,8518,8525,8634,8638,8705,8710,8715,8720,8723,8734,8739,8742,8753,8760,8762,8767,8771,8796,8800,8809,8813,8876,8880,8913,8917,8962,8966,9003,9007,9010,9066,9070,9115,9118,9123,9162,9166,9189,9192,9206,9219,9223,9228,9295,9299,9335,9338,9346,9349,9413,9417,9449,9455,9457,9517,9524,9527,9605,9609,9642,9646,9649,9693,9697,9733,9736,9753,9756,9759,9812,9815,9826,9833,9842,9845,9902,9906,9947,9955,9963,9969,9977,9989,9994,10005,10078,10081,10093,10108,10112,10117,10121,10123,10166,10172,10175,10238,10242,10245,10254,10259,10296,10300,10303,10311,10314,10353,10357,10360,10411,10415,10436,10442,10444,10450,10477,10480,10535,10538,10549,10551,10558,10566,10572,10577,10584,10587,10594,10601,10603,10629],[10,8484,2934,8486,2938],{"id":8485},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8487,8488],{},"dict()",[20,8490,8491,8492,8494],{},"The built-in ",[15,8493,8488],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8496,8497,8498,8501],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[30,8499,8500],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8503,8504,8506],{},[15,8505,8488],{}," is commonly used to:",[193,8508,8509,8512,8515],{},[196,8510,8511],{},"create an empty dictionary",[196,8513,8514],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[196,8516,8517],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8519,8520,8521,37],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[464,8522,8524],{"href":8523},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[44,8526,8528],{"className":46,"code":8527,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8529,8530,8565,8576,8580,8619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8531,8532,8535,8537,8540,8542,8545,8547,8549,8551,8553,8555,8558,8560,8563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8533,8534],{"class":59},"data ",[53,8536,64],{"class":63},[53,8538,8539],{"class":550}," dict",[53,8541,116],{"class":67},[53,8543,7032],{"class":8544},"s99_P",[53,8546,64],{"class":63},[53,8548,156],{"class":71},[53,8550,4362],{"class":75},[53,8552,156],{"class":71},[53,8554,81],{"class":67},[53,8556,8557],{"class":8544}," age",[53,8559,64],{"class":63},[53,8561,8562],{"class":273},"25",[53,8564,125],{"class":67},[53,8566,8567,8569,8571,8574],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8568,132],{"class":131},[53,8570,116],{"class":67},[53,8572,8573],{"class":112},"data",[53,8575,125],{"class":67},[53,8577,8578],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,8579,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,8581,8582,8585,8587,8590,8592,8594,8596,8598,8600,8603,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,8583,8584],{"class":59},"pairs ",[53,8586,64],{"class":63},[53,8588,8589],{"class":67}," [(",[53,8591,156],{"class":71},[53,8593,464],{"class":75},[53,8595,156],{"class":71},[53,8597,81],{"class":67},[53,8599,4858],{"class":273},[53,8601,8602],{"class":67},"),",[53,8604,8605],{"class":67}," (",[53,8607,156],{"class":71},[53,8609,637],{"class":75},[53,8611,156],{"class":71},[53,8613,81],{"class":67},[53,8615,279],{"class":273},[53,8617,8618],{"class":67},")]\n",[53,8620,8621,8623,8625,8627,8629,8632],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,8622,132],{"class":131},[53,8624,116],{"class":67},[53,8626,8189],{"class":550},[53,8628,116],{"class":67},[53,8630,8631],{"class":112},"pairs",[53,8633,1377],{"class":67},[20,8635,8636],{},[30,8637,772],{},[44,8639,8641],{"className":46,"code":8640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8642,8643,8677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8644,8645,8647,8649,8651,8653,8655,8657,8659,8661,8663,8665,8668,8670,8672,8675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8646,153],{"class":67},[53,8648,156],{"class":71},[53,8650,7032],{"class":75},[53,8652,156],{"class":71},[53,8654,191],{"class":67},[53,8656,165],{"class":71},[53,8658,4362],{"class":75},[53,8660,156],{"class":71},[53,8662,81],{"class":67},[53,8664,165],{"class":71},[53,8666,8667],{"class":75},"age",[53,8669,156],{"class":71},[53,8671,191],{"class":67},[53,8673,8674],{"class":273}," 25",[53,8676,101],{"class":67},[53,8678,8679,8681,8683,8685,8687,8689,8691,8693,8695,8697,8699,8701,8703],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8680,153],{"class":67},[53,8682,156],{"class":71},[53,8684,464],{"class":75},[53,8686,156],{"class":71},[53,8688,191],{"class":67},[53,8690,4858],{"class":273},[53,8692,81],{"class":67},[53,8694,165],{"class":71},[53,8696,637],{"class":75},[53,8698,156],{"class":71},[53,8700,191],{"class":67},[53,8702,279],{"class":273},[53,8704,101],{"class":67},[20,8706,174,8707,8709],{},[15,8708,8488],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[39,8711,183,8713,186],{"id":8712},"what-dict-does",[15,8714,8488],{},[20,8716,8717,8719],{},[15,8718,8488],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8721,8722],{},"A dictionary:",[193,8724,8725,8728,8731],{},[196,8726,8727],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[196,8729,8730],{},"lets you look up values by key",[196,8732,8733],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8735,8736,8738],{},[15,8737,8488],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8740,8741],{},"Common uses include:",[193,8743,8744,8747,8750],{},[196,8745,8746],{},"making an empty dictionary",[196,8748,8749],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[196,8751,8752],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8754,8755,8756,37],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[464,8757,8759],{"href":8758},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[39,8761,217],{"id":216},[20,8763,8764,8766],{},[15,8765,8488],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[599,8768,8770],{"id":8769},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[44,8772,8774],{"className":46,"code":8773,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,8775,8776,8786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8777,8778,8780,8782,8784],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8779,8534],{"class":59},[53,8781,64],{"class":63},[53,8783,8539],{"class":550},[53,8785,8011],{"class":67},[53,8787,8788,8790,8792,8794],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8789,132],{"class":131},[53,8791,116],{"class":67},[53,8793,8573],{"class":112},[53,8795,125],{"class":67},[20,8797,8798],{},[30,8799,772],{},[44,8801,8803],{"className":46,"code":8802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n",[15,8804,8805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8806,8807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8808,8802],{"class":67},[599,8810,8812],{"id":8811},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[44,8814,8816],{"className":46,"code":8815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8817,8818,8852,8866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8819,8820,8822,8824,8826,8828,8830,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8846,8848,8850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8821,8584],{"class":59},[53,8823,64],{"class":63},[53,8825,8589],{"class":67},[53,8827,156],{"class":71},[53,8829,464],{"class":75},[53,8831,156],{"class":71},[53,8833,81],{"class":67},[53,8835,4858],{"class":273},[53,8837,8602],{"class":67},[53,8839,8605],{"class":67},[53,8841,156],{"class":71},[53,8843,637],{"class":75},[53,8845,156],{"class":71},[53,8847,81],{"class":67},[53,8849,279],{"class":273},[53,8851,8618],{"class":67},[53,8853,8854,8856,8858,8860,8862,8864],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8855,8534],{"class":59},[53,8857,64],{"class":63},[53,8859,8539],{"class":550},[53,8861,116],{"class":67},[53,8863,8631],{"class":112},[53,8865,125],{"class":67},[53,8867,8868,8870,8872,8874],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,8869,132],{"class":131},[53,8871,116],{"class":67},[53,8873,8573],{"class":112},[53,8875,125],{"class":67},[20,8877,8878],{},[30,8879,772],{},[44,8881,8883],{"className":46,"code":8882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8884,8885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8886,8887,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8888,153],{"class":67},[53,8890,156],{"class":71},[53,8892,464],{"class":75},[53,8894,156],{"class":71},[53,8896,191],{"class":67},[53,8898,4858],{"class":273},[53,8900,81],{"class":67},[53,8902,165],{"class":71},[53,8904,637],{"class":75},[53,8906,156],{"class":71},[53,8908,191],{"class":67},[53,8910,279],{"class":273},[53,8912,101],{"class":67},[599,8914,8916],{"id":8915},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[44,8918,8920],{"className":46,"code":8919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,8921,8922,8952],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8923,8924,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946,8948,8950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8925,8534],{"class":59},[53,8927,64],{"class":63},[53,8929,8539],{"class":550},[53,8931,116],{"class":67},[53,8933,7032],{"class":8544},[53,8935,64],{"class":63},[53,8937,156],{"class":71},[53,8939,4362],{"class":75},[53,8941,156],{"class":71},[53,8943,81],{"class":67},[53,8945,8557],{"class":8544},[53,8947,64],{"class":63},[53,8949,8562],{"class":273},[53,8951,125],{"class":67},[53,8953,8954,8956,8958,8960],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,8955,132],{"class":131},[53,8957,116],{"class":67},[53,8959,8573],{"class":112},[53,8961,125],{"class":67},[20,8963,8964],{},[30,8965,772],{},[44,8967,8969],{"className":46,"code":8968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,8970,8971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,8972,8973,8975,8977,8979,8981,8983,8985,8987,8989,8991,8993,8995,8997,8999,9001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,8974,153],{"class":67},[53,8976,156],{"class":71},[53,8978,7032],{"class":75},[53,8980,156],{"class":71},[53,8982,191],{"class":67},[53,8984,165],{"class":71},[53,8986,4362],{"class":75},[53,8988,156],{"class":71},[53,8990,81],{"class":67},[53,8992,165],{"class":71},[53,8994,8667],{"class":75},[53,8996,156],{"class":71},[53,8998,191],{"class":67},[53,9000,8674],{"class":273},[53,9002,101],{"class":67},[599,9004,9006],{"id":9005},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9008,9009],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[44,9011,9013],{"className":46,"code":9012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9014,9015,9056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9016,9017,9019,9021,9023,9026,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036,9039,9041,9043,9045,9047,9050,9052,9054],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9018,8534],{"class":59},[53,9020,64],{"class":63},[53,9022,8539],{"class":550},[53,9024,9025],{"class":67},"([(",[53,9027,156],{"class":71},[53,9029,464],{"class":75},[53,9031,156],{"class":71},[53,9033,81],{"class":67},[53,9035,4858],{"class":273},[53,9037,9038],{"class":67},")],",[53,9040,1913],{"class":8544},[53,9042,64],{"class":63},[53,9044,300],{"class":273},[53,9046,81],{"class":67},[53,9048,9049],{"class":8544}," c",[53,9051,64],{"class":63},[53,9053,1412],{"class":273},[53,9055,125],{"class":67},[53,9057,9058,9060,9062,9064],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9059,132],{"class":131},[53,9061,116],{"class":67},[53,9063,8573],{"class":112},[53,9065,125],{"class":67},[20,9067,9068],{},[30,9069,772],{},[44,9071,9073],{"className":46,"code":9072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9074,9075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9076,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095,9097,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9078,153],{"class":67},[53,9080,156],{"class":71},[53,9082,464],{"class":75},[53,9084,156],{"class":71},[53,9086,191],{"class":67},[53,9088,4858],{"class":273},[53,9090,81],{"class":67},[53,9092,165],{"class":71},[53,9094,637],{"class":75},[53,9096,156],{"class":71},[53,9098,191],{"class":67},[53,9100,279],{"class":273},[53,9102,81],{"class":67},[53,9104,165],{"class":71},[53,9106,646],{"class":75},[53,9108,156],{"class":71},[53,9110,191],{"class":67},[53,9112,284],{"class":273},[53,9114,101],{"class":67},[39,9116,8770],{"id":9117},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9119,174,9120,9122],{},[15,9121,8488],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[44,9124,9126],{"className":46,"code":9125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9127,9128,9138,9152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9129,9130,9132,9134,9136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9131,8534],{"class":59},[53,9133,64],{"class":63},[53,9135,8539],{"class":550},[53,9137,8011],{"class":67},[53,9139,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9141,132],{"class":131},[53,9143,116],{"class":67},[53,9145,2578],{"class":550},[53,9147,116],{"class":67},[53,9149,8573],{"class":112},[53,9151,1377],{"class":67},[53,9153,9154,9156,9158,9160],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,9155,132],{"class":131},[53,9157,116],{"class":67},[53,9159,8573],{"class":112},[53,9161,125],{"class":67},[20,9163,9164],{},[30,9165,772],{},[44,9167,9169],{"className":46,"code":9168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9170,9171,9185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9172,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9174,2647],{"class":63},[53,9176,2650],{"class":1415},[53,9178,165],{"class":71},[53,9180,8189],{"class":75},[53,9182,156],{"class":71},[53,9184,2659],{"class":63},[53,9186,9187],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9188,8802],{"class":67},[20,9190,9191],{},"This gives the same result as:",[44,9193,9195],{"className":46,"code":9194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n",[15,9196,9197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9198,9199,9201,9203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9200,8534],{"class":59},[53,9202,64],{"class":63},[53,9204,9205],{"class":67}," {}\n",[20,9207,9208,9209,9211,9212,9215,9216,9218],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9210,3152],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9213,9214],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9217,8488],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[39,9220,9222],{"id":9221},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9224,9225,9226,37],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9227,8488],{},[44,9229,9231],{"className":46,"code":9230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9232,9233,9271,9285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9234,9235,9237,9239,9241,9243,9245,9247,9249,9251,9253,9255,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9236,8584],{"class":59},[53,9238,64],{"class":63},[53,9240,8589],{"class":67},[53,9242,156],{"class":71},[53,9244,7032],{"class":75},[53,9246,156],{"class":71},[53,9248,81],{"class":67},[53,9250,165],{"class":71},[53,9252,4362],{"class":75},[53,9254,156],{"class":71},[53,9256,8602],{"class":67},[53,9258,8605],{"class":67},[53,9260,156],{"class":71},[53,9262,8667],{"class":75},[53,9264,156],{"class":71},[53,9266,81],{"class":67},[53,9268,8674],{"class":273},[53,9270,8618],{"class":67},[53,9272,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9274,8534],{"class":59},[53,9276,64],{"class":63},[53,9278,8539],{"class":550},[53,9280,116],{"class":67},[53,9282,8631],{"class":112},[53,9284,125],{"class":67},[53,9286,9287,9289,9291,9293],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,9288,132],{"class":131},[53,9290,116],{"class":67},[53,9292,8573],{"class":112},[53,9294,125],{"class":67},[20,9296,9297],{},[30,9298,772],{},[44,9300,9301],{"className":46,"code":8968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9302,9303],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9304,9305,9307,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9306,153],{"class":67},[53,9308,156],{"class":71},[53,9310,7032],{"class":75},[53,9312,156],{"class":71},[53,9314,191],{"class":67},[53,9316,165],{"class":71},[53,9318,4362],{"class":75},[53,9320,156],{"class":71},[53,9322,81],{"class":67},[53,9324,165],{"class":71},[53,9326,8667],{"class":75},[53,9328,156],{"class":71},[53,9330,191],{"class":67},[53,9332,8674],{"class":273},[53,9334,101],{"class":67},[20,9336,9337],{},"Each pair becomes:",[193,9339,9340,9343],{},[196,9341,9342],{},"the first item as the key",[196,9344,9345],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9347,9348],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[44,9350,9352],{"className":46,"code":9351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9353,9354,9389,9403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9355,9356,9358,9360,9363,9365,9367,9369,9371,9373,9375,9377,9379,9381,9383,9385,9387],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9357,8584],{"class":59},[53,9359,64],{"class":63},[53,9361,9362],{"class":67}," ((",[53,9364,156],{"class":71},[53,9366,464],{"class":75},[53,9368,156],{"class":71},[53,9370,81],{"class":67},[53,9372,4858],{"class":273},[53,9374,8602],{"class":67},[53,9376,8605],{"class":67},[53,9378,156],{"class":71},[53,9380,637],{"class":75},[53,9382,156],{"class":71},[53,9384,81],{"class":67},[53,9386,279],{"class":273},[53,9388,1377],{"class":67},[53,9390,9391,9393,9395,9397,9399,9401],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9392,8534],{"class":59},[53,9394,64],{"class":63},[53,9396,8539],{"class":550},[53,9398,116],{"class":67},[53,9400,8631],{"class":112},[53,9402,125],{"class":67},[53,9404,9405,9407,9409,9411],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,9406,132],{"class":131},[53,9408,116],{"class":67},[53,9410,8573],{"class":112},[53,9412,125],{"class":67},[20,9414,9415],{},[30,9416,772],{},[44,9418,9419],{"className":46,"code":8882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9420,9421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9422,9423,9425,9427,9429,9431,9433,9435,9437,9439,9441,9443,9445,9447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9424,153],{"class":67},[53,9426,156],{"class":71},[53,9428,464],{"class":75},[53,9430,156],{"class":71},[53,9432,191],{"class":67},[53,9434,4858],{"class":273},[53,9436,81],{"class":67},[53,9438,165],{"class":71},[53,9440,637],{"class":75},[53,9442,156],{"class":71},[53,9444,191],{"class":67},[53,9446,279],{"class":273},[53,9448,101],{"class":67},[20,9450,9451,9452,37],{},"Each item must contain ",[30,9453,9454],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9456,2192],{},[44,9458,9460],{"className":46,"code":9459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9461,9462,9502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9463,9464,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9465,9466],{"class":59},"bad_data ",[53,9468,64],{"class":63},[53,9470,8589],{"class":67},[53,9472,156],{"class":71},[53,9474,464],{"class":75},[53,9476,156],{"class":71},[53,9478,81],{"class":67},[53,9480,4858],{"class":273},[53,9482,81],{"class":67},[53,9484,9485],{"class":273}," 100",[53,9487,8602],{"class":67},[53,9489,8605],{"class":67},[53,9491,156],{"class":71},[53,9493,637],{"class":75},[53,9495,156],{"class":71},[53,9497,81],{"class":67},[53,9499,279],{"class":273},[53,9501,8618],{"class":67},[53,9503,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9515],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9505,1582],{"class":59},[53,9507,64],{"class":63},[53,9509,8539],{"class":550},[53,9511,116],{"class":67},[53,9513,9514],{"class":112},"bad_data",[53,9516,125],{"class":67},[20,9518,9519,9520,9523],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9521,9522],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9525,9526],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[44,9528,9530],{"className":46,"code":9529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9531,9532,9581,9595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9533,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9565,9567,9569,9571,9573,9575,9577,9579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9535,8584],{"class":59},[53,9537,64],{"class":63},[53,9539,8589],{"class":67},[53,9541,156],{"class":71},[53,9543,464],{"class":75},[53,9545,156],{"class":71},[53,9547,81],{"class":67},[53,9549,4858],{"class":273},[53,9551,8602],{"class":67},[53,9553,8605],{"class":67},[53,9555,156],{"class":71},[53,9557,464],{"class":75},[53,9559,156],{"class":71},[53,9561,81],{"class":67},[53,9563,9564],{"class":273}," 99",[53,9566,8602],{"class":67},[53,9568,8605],{"class":67},[53,9570,156],{"class":71},[53,9572,637],{"class":75},[53,9574,156],{"class":71},[53,9576,81],{"class":67},[53,9578,279],{"class":273},[53,9580,8618],{"class":67},[53,9582,9583,9585,9587,9589,9591,9593],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9584,8534],{"class":59},[53,9586,64],{"class":63},[53,9588,8539],{"class":550},[53,9590,116],{"class":67},[53,9592,8631],{"class":112},[53,9594,125],{"class":67},[53,9596,9597,9599,9601,9603],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,9598,132],{"class":131},[53,9600,116],{"class":67},[53,9602,8573],{"class":112},[53,9604,125],{"class":67},[20,9606,9607],{},[30,9608,772],{},[44,9610,9612],{"className":46,"code":9611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9613,9614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9615,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632,9634,9636,9638,9640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9617,153],{"class":67},[53,9619,156],{"class":71},[53,9621,464],{"class":75},[53,9623,156],{"class":71},[53,9625,191],{"class":67},[53,9627,9564],{"class":273},[53,9629,81],{"class":67},[53,9631,165],{"class":71},[53,9633,637],{"class":75},[53,9635,156],{"class":71},[53,9637,191],{"class":67},[53,9639,279],{"class":273},[53,9641,101],{"class":67},[39,9643,9645],{"id":9644},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9647,9648],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[44,9650,9651],{"className":46,"code":8919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9652,9653,9683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9654,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677,9679,9681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9656,8534],{"class":59},[53,9658,64],{"class":63},[53,9660,8539],{"class":550},[53,9662,116],{"class":67},[53,9664,7032],{"class":8544},[53,9666,64],{"class":63},[53,9668,156],{"class":71},[53,9670,4362],{"class":75},[53,9672,156],{"class":71},[53,9674,81],{"class":67},[53,9676,8557],{"class":8544},[53,9678,64],{"class":63},[53,9680,8562],{"class":273},[53,9682,125],{"class":67},[53,9684,9685,9687,9689,9691],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9686,132],{"class":131},[53,9688,116],{"class":67},[53,9690,8573],{"class":112},[53,9692,125],{"class":67},[20,9694,9695],{},[30,9696,772],{},[44,9698,9699],{"className":46,"code":8968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9700,9701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9702,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719,9721,9723,9725,9727,9729,9731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9704,153],{"class":67},[53,9706,156],{"class":71},[53,9708,7032],{"class":75},[53,9710,156],{"class":71},[53,9712,191],{"class":67},[53,9714,165],{"class":71},[53,9716,4362],{"class":75},[53,9718,156],{"class":71},[53,9720,81],{"class":67},[53,9722,165],{"class":71},[53,9724,8667],{"class":75},[53,9726,156],{"class":71},[53,9728,191],{"class":67},[53,9730,8674],{"class":273},[53,9732,101],{"class":67},[20,9734,9735],{},"In this form:",[193,9737,9738,9746],{},[196,9739,9740,9742,9743],{},[15,9741,7032],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9744,9745],{},"'name'",[196,9747,9748,9742,9750],{},[15,9749,8667],{},[15,9751,9752],{},"'age'",[20,9754,9755],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,9757,9758],{},"Valid examples:",[44,9760,9762],{"className":46,"code":9761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,9763,9764,9802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9765,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9777,9779,9781,9784,9786,9788,9791,9793,9795,9798,9800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9767,8534],{"class":59},[53,9769,64],{"class":63},[53,9771,8539],{"class":550},[53,9773,116],{"class":67},[53,9775,9776],{"class":8544},"city",[53,9778,64],{"class":63},[53,9780,156],{"class":71},[53,9782,9783],{"class":75},"Paris",[53,9785,156],{"class":71},[53,9787,81],{"class":67},[53,9789,9790],{"class":8544}," country",[53,9792,64],{"class":63},[53,9794,156],{"class":71},[53,9796,9797],{"class":75},"France",[53,9799,156],{"class":71},[53,9801,125],{"class":67},[53,9803,9804,9806,9808,9810],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9805,132],{"class":131},[53,9807,116],{"class":67},[53,9809,8573],{"class":112},[53,9811,125],{"class":67},[20,9813,9814],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[193,9816,9817,9820,9823],{},[196,9818,9819],{},"spaces",[196,9821,9822],{},"hyphens",[196,9824,9825],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,9827,9828,9829,9832],{},"For example, this is ",[30,9830,9831],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[44,9834,9836],{"className":46,"code":9835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,9837,9838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9839,9840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9841,9835],{"class":3024},[20,9843,9844],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[44,9846,9848],{"className":46,"code":9847,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,9849,9850,9892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9851,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9880,9882,9884,9886,9888,9890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9853,8534],{"class":59},[53,9855,64],{"class":63},[53,9857,68],{"class":67},[53,9859,156],{"class":71},[53,9861,9862],{"class":75},"first-name",[53,9864,156],{"class":71},[53,9866,191],{"class":67},[53,9868,165],{"class":71},[53,9870,7041],{"class":75},[53,9872,156],{"class":71},[53,9874,81],{"class":67},[53,9876,165],{"class":71},[53,9878,9879],{"class":75},"first name",[53,9881,156],{"class":71},[53,9883,191],{"class":67},[53,9885,165],{"class":71},[53,9887,7041],{"class":75},[53,9889,156],{"class":71},[53,9891,101],{"class":67},[53,9893,9894,9896,9898,9900],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,9895,132],{"class":131},[53,9897,116],{"class":67},[53,9899,8573],{"class":112},[53,9901,125],{"class":67},[20,9903,9904],{},[30,9905,772],{},[44,9907,9909],{"className":46,"code":9908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,9910,9911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9912,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923,9925,9927,9929,9931,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9914,153],{"class":67},[53,9916,156],{"class":71},[53,9918,9862],{"class":75},[53,9920,156],{"class":71},[53,9922,191],{"class":67},[53,9924,165],{"class":71},[53,9926,7041],{"class":75},[53,9928,156],{"class":71},[53,9930,81],{"class":67},[53,9932,165],{"class":71},[53,9934,9879],{"class":75},[53,9936,156],{"class":71},[53,9938,191],{"class":67},[53,9940,165],{"class":71},[53,9942,7041],{"class":75},[53,9944,156],{"class":71},[53,9946,101],{"class":67},[39,9948,9950,9952,9953],{"id":9949},"dict-vs",[15,9951,8488],{}," vs ",[15,9954,3152],{},[20,9956,9957,9958,594,9960,9962],{},"Both ",[15,9959,8488],{},[15,9961,3152],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[599,9964,174,9966,9968],{"id":9965},"use-when",[15,9967,3152],{}," when:",[193,9970,9971,9974],{},[196,9972,9973],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[196,9975,9976],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[44,9978,9979],{"className":46,"code":9194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,9980,9981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,9982,9983,9985,9987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,9984,8534],{"class":59},[53,9986,64],{"class":63},[53,9988,9205],{"class":67},[599,9990,174,9992,9968],{"id":9991},"use-dict-when",[15,9993,8488],{},[193,9995,9996,9999,10002],{},[196,9997,9998],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[196,10000,10001],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[196,10003,10004],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[44,10006,10008],{"className":46,"code":10007,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10009,10010,10047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10011,10012,10014,10016,10018,10020,10022,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10013,8534],{"class":59},[53,10015,64],{"class":63},[53,10017,8539],{"class":550},[53,10019,9025],{"class":67},[53,10021,156],{"class":71},[53,10023,464],{"class":75},[53,10025,156],{"class":71},[53,10027,81],{"class":67},[53,10029,4858],{"class":273},[53,10031,8602],{"class":67},[53,10033,8605],{"class":67},[53,10035,156],{"class":71},[53,10037,637],{"class":75},[53,10039,156],{"class":71},[53,10041,81],{"class":67},[53,10043,279],{"class":273},[53,10045,10046],{"class":67},")])\n",[53,10048,10049,10052,10054,10056,10058,10060,10062,10064,10066,10068,10070,10072,10074,10076],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10050,10051],{"class":59},"info ",[53,10053,64],{"class":63},[53,10055,8539],{"class":550},[53,10057,116],{"class":67},[53,10059,7032],{"class":8544},[53,10061,64],{"class":63},[53,10063,156],{"class":71},[53,10065,4362],{"class":75},[53,10067,156],{"class":71},[53,10069,81],{"class":67},[53,10071,8557],{"class":8544},[53,10073,64],{"class":63},[53,10075,8562],{"class":273},[53,10077,125],{"class":67},[20,10079,10080],{},"So:",[193,10082,10083,10088],{},[196,10084,10085,10087],{},[15,10086,3152],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[196,10089,10090,10092],{},[15,10091,8488],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10094,10095,10096,10100,10101,37],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[464,10097,10099],{"href":10098},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[464,10102,10104,10105,830],{"href":10103},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10106,10107],{},"get()",[39,10109,10111],{"id":10110},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10113,10114,10115,37],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10116,8488],{},[599,10118,10120],{"id":10119},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10122,3883],{},[44,10124,10126],{"className":46,"code":10125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10127,10128,10152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10129,10130,10132,10134,10136,10138,10140,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10131,7144],{"class":59},[53,10133,64],{"class":63},[53,10135,2982],{"class":67},[53,10137,156],{"class":71},[53,10139,464],{"class":75},[53,10141,156],{"class":71},[53,10143,81],{"class":67},[53,10145,165],{"class":71},[53,10147,637],{"class":75},[53,10149,156],{"class":71},[53,10151,2995],{"class":67},[53,10153,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10155,8534],{"class":59},[53,10157,64],{"class":63},[53,10159,8539],{"class":550},[53,10161,116],{"class":67},[53,10163,7175],{"class":112},[53,10165,125],{"class":67},[20,10167,10168,10169,37],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10170,10171],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10173,10174],{},"Correct version:",[44,10176,10178],{"className":46,"code":10177,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10179,10180,10214,10228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10181,10182,10184,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10204,10206,10208,10210,10212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10183,7144],{"class":59},[53,10185,64],{"class":63},[53,10187,8589],{"class":67},[53,10189,156],{"class":71},[53,10191,464],{"class":75},[53,10193,156],{"class":71},[53,10195,81],{"class":67},[53,10197,4858],{"class":273},[53,10199,8602],{"class":67},[53,10201,8605],{"class":67},[53,10203,156],{"class":71},[53,10205,637],{"class":75},[53,10207,156],{"class":71},[53,10209,81],{"class":67},[53,10211,279],{"class":273},[53,10213,8618],{"class":67},[53,10215,10216,10218,10220,10222,10224,10226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10217,8534],{"class":59},[53,10219,64],{"class":63},[53,10221,8539],{"class":550},[53,10223,116],{"class":67},[53,10225,7175],{"class":112},[53,10227,125],{"class":67},[53,10229,10230,10232,10234,10236],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,10231,132],{"class":131},[53,10233,116],{"class":67},[53,10235,8573],{"class":112},[53,10237,125],{"class":67},[599,10239,10241],{"id":10240},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10243,10244],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[44,10246,10248],{"className":46,"code":10247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10249,10250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10251,10252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10253,10247],{"class":3024},[20,10255,10256,10257,191],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10258,64],{},[44,10260,10262],{"className":46,"code":10261,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10263,10264,10286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10265,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10267,8534],{"class":59},[53,10269,64],{"class":63},[53,10271,8539],{"class":550},[53,10273,116],{"class":67},[53,10275,7032],{"class":8544},[53,10277,64],{"class":63},[53,10279,156],{"class":71},[53,10281,4362],{"class":75},[53,10283,156],{"class":71},[53,10285,125],{"class":67},[53,10287,10288,10290,10292,10294],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10289,132],{"class":131},[53,10291,116],{"class":67},[53,10293,8573],{"class":112},[53,10295,125],{"class":67},[599,10297,10299],{"id":10298},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10301,10302],{},"This will not work:",[44,10304,10305],{"className":46,"code":9835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,10306,10307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10308,10309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10310,9835],{"class":3024},[20,10312,10313],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[44,10315,10317],{"className":46,"code":10316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10318,10319,10343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10320,10321,10323,10325,10327,10329,10331,10333,10335,10337,10339,10341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10322,8534],{"class":59},[53,10324,64],{"class":63},[53,10326,68],{"class":67},[53,10328,156],{"class":71},[53,10330,9862],{"class":75},[53,10332,156],{"class":71},[53,10334,191],{"class":67},[53,10336,165],{"class":71},[53,10338,7041],{"class":75},[53,10340,156],{"class":71},[53,10342,101],{"class":67},[53,10344,10345,10347,10349,10351],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10346,132],{"class":131},[53,10348,116],{"class":67},[53,10350,8573],{"class":112},[53,10352,125],{"class":67},[599,10354,10356],{"id":10355},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10358,10359],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[44,10361,10363],{"className":46,"code":10362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10364,10365,10401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10366,10367,10369,10371,10373,10375,10377,10379,10381,10383,10385,10387,10389,10391,10393,10395,10397,10399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10368,8534],{"class":59},[53,10370,64],{"class":63},[53,10372,8539],{"class":550},[53,10374,9025],{"class":67},[53,10376,156],{"class":71},[53,10378,1524],{"class":75},[53,10380,156],{"class":71},[53,10382,81],{"class":67},[53,10384,4858],{"class":273},[53,10386,8602],{"class":67},[53,10388,8605],{"class":67},[53,10390,156],{"class":71},[53,10392,1524],{"class":75},[53,10394,156],{"class":71},[53,10396,81],{"class":67},[53,10398,279],{"class":273},[53,10400,10046],{"class":67},[53,10402,10403,10405,10407,10409],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10404,132],{"class":131},[53,10406,116],{"class":67},[53,10408,8573],{"class":112},[53,10410,125],{"class":67},[20,10412,10413],{},[30,10414,772],{},[44,10416,10418],{"className":46,"code":10417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10419,10420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10421,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10423,153],{"class":67},[53,10425,156],{"class":71},[53,10427,1524],{"class":75},[53,10429,156],{"class":71},[53,10431,191],{"class":67},[53,10433,279],{"class":273},[53,10435,101],{"class":67},[20,10437,10438,10439,37],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[464,10440,10441],{"href":578},"KeyError in Python",[39,10443,2185],{"id":2184},[20,10445,10446,10447,10449],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10448,8488],{}," include:",[193,10451,10452,10462,10468,10471],{},[196,10453,10454,10455,10458,10459],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10456,10457],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10460,10461],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[196,10463,10464,10465],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10466,10467],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[196,10469,10470],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[196,10472,10473,10474,10476],{},"confusing ",[15,10475,8488],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10478,10479],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,10481,10483],{"className":46,"code":10482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10484,10485,10499,10509,10520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10486,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495,10497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10488,132],{"class":131},[53,10490,116],{"class":67},[53,10492,2578],{"class":550},[53,10494,116],{"class":67},[53,10496,8573],{"class":112},[53,10498,1377],{"class":67},[53,10500,10501,10503,10505,10507],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10502,132],{"class":131},[53,10504,116],{"class":67},[53,10506,8573],{"class":112},[53,10508,125],{"class":67},[53,10510,10511,10513,10515,10518],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,10512,132],{"class":131},[53,10514,116],{"class":67},[53,10516,10517],{"class":112},"list_of_pairs",[53,10519,125],{"class":67},[53,10521,10522,10524,10526,10529,10531,10533],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,10523,132],{"class":131},[53,10525,116],{"class":67},[53,10527,10528],{"class":131},"len",[53,10530,116],{"class":67},[53,10532,10517],{"class":112},[53,10534,1377],{"class":67},[20,10536,10537],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[193,10539,10540,10543,10546],{},[196,10541,10542],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[196,10544,10545],{},"what data is being passed in",[196,10547,10548],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[39,10550,1187],{"id":1186},[599,10552,4538,10554,594,10556,1222],{"id":10553},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10555,8488],{},[15,10557,3152],{},[20,10559,10560,10562,10563,10565],{},[15,10561,3152],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10564,8488],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[599,10567,1234,10569,10571],{"id":10568},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10570,8488],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10573,10574,10575,37],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10576,10461],{},[599,10578,4517,10580,10583],{"id":10579},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10581,10582],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10585,10586],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[599,10588,10590,10591,10593],{"id":10589},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10592,8488],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10595,10596,10597,10600],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10598,10599],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[39,10602,1244],{"id":1243},[193,10604,10605,10610,10614,10619,10625],{},[196,10606,10607],{},[464,10608,10609],{"href":8758},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[196,10611,10612],{},[464,10613,8524],{"href":8523},[196,10615,10616],{},[464,10617,10618],{"href":10098},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[196,10620,10621],{},[464,10622,10104,10623,830],{"href":10103},[15,10624,10107],{},[196,10626,10627],{},[464,10628,579],{"href":578},[1276,10630,10631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":10633},[10634,10636,10642,10643,10644,10645,10652,10658,10659,10669],{"id":8712,"depth":104,"text":10635},"What dict() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":10637},[10638,10639,10640,10641],{"id":8769,"depth":128,"text":8770},{"id":8811,"depth":128,"text":8812},{"id":8915,"depth":128,"text":8916},{"id":9005,"depth":128,"text":9006},{"id":9117,"depth":104,"text":8770},{"id":9221,"depth":104,"text":9222},{"id":9644,"depth":104,"text":9645},{"id":9949,"depth":104,"text":10646,"children":10647},"dict() vs {}",[10648,10650],{"id":9965,"depth":128,"text":10649},"Use {} when:",{"id":9991,"depth":128,"text":10651},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10110,"depth":104,"text":10111,"children":10653},[10654,10655,10656,10657],{"id":10119,"depth":128,"text":10120},{"id":10240,"depth":128,"text":10241},{"id":10298,"depth":128,"text":10299},{"id":10355,"depth":128,"text":10356},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":10660},[10661,10663,10665,10667],{"id":10553,"depth":128,"text":10662},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10568,"depth":128,"text":10664},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10579,"depth":128,"text":10666},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10589,"depth":128,"text":10668},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8480,"description":10670},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10677,"title":10678,"body":10679,"description":12185,"extension":1312,"meta":12186,"navigation":383,"path":12187,"seo":12188,"stem":12189,"__hash__":12190},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10680,"toc":12154},[10681,10688,10694,10701,10703,10764,10769,10774,10779,10797,10800,10804,10806,10822,10825,10838,10840,10843,10977,10979,11046,11049,11065,11071,11077,11080,11162,11164,11177,11181,11187,11252,11254,11262,11265,11288,11294,11357,11363,11366,11380,11393,11397,11408,11413,11424,11431,11435,11441,11563,11565,11591,11594,11611,11614,11725,11727,11776,11778,11791,11800,11805,11810,11821,11823,11926,11949,11951,11955,11974,11977,12035,12038,12064,12066,12072,12075,12081,12085,12092,12100,12106,12109,12111,12151],[10,10682,10684,10685,18],{"id":10683},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10686,10687],{},"clear()",[20,10689,10690,10693],{},[15,10691,10692],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10695,10696,10697,10700],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[30,10698,10699],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[39,10702,42],{"id":41},[44,10704,10706],{"className":46,"code":10705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10707,10708,10740,10751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10709,10710,10712,10714,10716,10718,10720,10722,10724,10726,10728,10730,10732,10734,10736,10738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10711,8534],{"class":59},[53,10713,64],{"class":63},[53,10715,68],{"class":67},[53,10717,72],{"class":71},[53,10719,464],{"class":75},[53,10721,72],{"class":71},[53,10723,191],{"class":67},[53,10725,4858],{"class":273},[53,10727,81],{"class":67},[53,10729,84],{"class":71},[53,10731,637],{"class":75},[53,10733,72],{"class":71},[53,10735,191],{"class":67},[53,10737,279],{"class":273},[53,10739,101],{"class":67},[53,10741,10742,10744,10746,10749],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10743,8573],{"class":59},[53,10745,37],{"class":67},[53,10747,10748],{"class":112},"clear",[53,10750,8011],{"class":67},[53,10752,10753,10755,10757,10759,10761],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,10754,132],{"class":131},[53,10756,116],{"class":67},[53,10758,8573],{"class":112},[53,10760,3021],{"class":67},[53,10762,10763],{"class":3024},"  # {}\n",[20,10765,10766,10768],{},[15,10767,10687],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[39,10770,183,10772,186],{"id":10771},"what-clear-does",[15,10773,10687],{},[20,10775,1329,10776,10778],{},[15,10777,10687],{}," method:",[193,10780,10781,10784,10787,10792],{},[196,10782,10783],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[196,10785,10786],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[196,10788,10789,10790],{},"Returns ",[15,10791,849],{},[196,10793,10794,10795],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,10796,3152],{},[20,10798,10799],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,10801,8520,10802,37],{},[464,10803,8524],{"href":8523},[39,10805,217],{"id":216},[44,10807,10809],{"className":46,"code":10808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,10810,10811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10812,10813,10816,10818,10820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10814,10815],{"class":59},"my_dict",[53,10817,37],{"class":67},[53,10819,10748],{"class":112},[53,10821,8011],{"class":67},[20,10823,10824],{},"Important points:",[193,10826,10827,10832,10835],{},[196,10828,10829,10831],{},[15,10830,10687],{}," takes no arguments",[196,10833,10834],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[196,10836,10837],{},"It empties that dictionary",[39,10839,337],{"id":336},[20,10841,10842],{},"Here is a basic example:",[44,10844,10846],{"className":46,"code":10845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,10847,10848,10858,10879,10893,10910,10914,10918,10938,10942,10953,10957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10849,10850,10853,10855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10851,10852],{"class":59},"user ",[53,10854,64],{"class":63},[53,10856,10857],{"class":67}," {\n",[53,10859,10860,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871,10874,10876],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,10861,10862],{"class":71},"    \"",[53,10864,7032],{"class":75},[53,10866,72],{"class":71},[53,10868,191],{"class":67},[53,10870,84],{"class":71},[53,10872,10873],{"class":75},"Maya",[53,10875,72],{"class":71},[53,10877,10878],{"class":67},",\n",[53,10880,10881,10883,10885,10887,10889,10891],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,10882,10862],{"class":71},[53,10884,8667],{"class":75},[53,10886,72],{"class":71},[53,10888,191],{"class":67},[53,10890,8674],{"class":273},[53,10892,10878],{"class":67},[53,10894,10895,10897,10899,10901,10903,10905,10908],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,10896,10862],{"class":71},[53,10898,9776],{"class":75},[53,10900,72],{"class":71},[53,10902,191],{"class":67},[53,10904,84],{"class":71},[53,10906,10907],{"class":75},"Berlin",[53,10909,2715],{"class":71},[53,10911,10912],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,10913,101],{"class":67},[53,10915,10916],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,10917,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,10919,10920,10922,10924,10926,10929,10931,10933,10936],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,10921,132],{"class":131},[53,10923,116],{"class":67},[53,10925,72],{"class":71},[53,10927,10928],{"class":75},"Before:",[53,10930,72],{"class":71},[53,10932,81],{"class":67},[53,10934,10935],{"class":112}," user",[53,10937,125],{"class":67},[53,10939,10940],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,10941,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,10943,10944,10947,10949,10951],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,10945,10946],{"class":59},"user",[53,10948,37],{"class":67},[53,10950,10748],{"class":112},[53,10952,8011],{"class":67},[53,10954,10955],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,10956,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10969,10971,10973,10975],{"class":55,"line":10959},11,[53,10961,132],{"class":131},[53,10963,116],{"class":67},[53,10965,72],{"class":71},[53,10967,10968],{"class":75},"After:",[53,10970,72],{"class":71},[53,10972,81],{"class":67},[53,10974,10935],{"class":112},[53,10976,125],{"class":67},[20,10978,4920],{},[44,10980,10982],{"className":46,"code":10981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,10983,10984,11037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,10985,10986,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009,11011,11013,11015,11017,11019,11021,11023,11025,11027,11029,11031,11033,11035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,10987,10988],{"class":59},"Before",[53,10990,191],{"class":67},[53,10992,68],{"class":67},[53,10994,156],{"class":71},[53,10996,7032],{"class":75},[53,10998,156],{"class":71},[53,11000,191],{"class":67},[53,11002,165],{"class":71},[53,11004,10873],{"class":75},[53,11006,156],{"class":71},[53,11008,81],{"class":67},[53,11010,165],{"class":71},[53,11012,8667],{"class":75},[53,11014,156],{"class":71},[53,11016,191],{"class":67},[53,11018,8674],{"class":273},[53,11020,81],{"class":67},[53,11022,165],{"class":71},[53,11024,9776],{"class":75},[53,11026,156],{"class":71},[53,11028,191],{"class":67},[53,11030,165],{"class":71},[53,11032,10907],{"class":75},[53,11034,156],{"class":71},[53,11036,101],{"class":67},[53,11038,11039,11042,11044],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11040,11041],{"class":59},"After",[53,11043,191],{"class":67},[53,11045,9205],{"class":67},[20,11047,11048],{},"What happens here:",[193,11050,11051,11056,11062],{},[196,11052,11053,11055],{},[15,11054,10946],{}," starts with three items",[196,11057,11058,11061],{},[15,11059,11060],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[196,11063,11064],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[39,11066,183,11068,11070],{"id":11067},"what-clear-returns",[15,11069,10687],{}," returns",[20,11072,11073,1751,11075,37],{},[15,11074,10687],{},[15,11076,849],{},[20,11078,11079],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,11081,11083],{"className":46,"code":11082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11084,11085,11119,11123,11138,11142,11152],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11086,11087,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11111,11113,11115,11117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11088,11089],{"class":59},"my_dict ",[53,11091,64],{"class":63},[53,11093,68],{"class":67},[53,11095,72],{"class":71},[53,11097,1524],{"class":75},[53,11099,72],{"class":71},[53,11101,191],{"class":67},[53,11103,4858],{"class":273},[53,11105,81],{"class":67},[53,11107,84],{"class":71},[53,11109,11110],{"class":75},"y",[53,11112,72],{"class":71},[53,11114,191],{"class":67},[53,11116,279],{"class":273},[53,11118,101],{"class":67},[53,11120,11121],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11122,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11124,11125,11127,11129,11132,11134,11136],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11126,1582],{"class":59},[53,11128,64],{"class":63},[53,11130,11131],{"class":59}," my_dict",[53,11133,37],{"class":67},[53,11135,10748],{"class":112},[53,11137,8011],{"class":67},[53,11139,11140],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,11141,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11143,11144,11146,11148,11150],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,11145,132],{"class":131},[53,11147,116],{"class":67},[53,11149,1617],{"class":112},[53,11151,125],{"class":67},[53,11153,11154,11156,11158,11160],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,11155,132],{"class":131},[53,11157,116],{"class":67},[53,11159,10815],{"class":112},[53,11161,125],{"class":67},[20,11163,772],{},[44,11165,11167],{"className":46,"code":11166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{}\n",[15,11168,11169,11173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11170,11171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11172,931],{"class":938},[53,11174,11175],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11176,8802],{"class":67},[599,11178,11180],{"id":11179},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11182,11183,11184,11186],{},"Do ",[30,11185,461],{}," do this:",[44,11188,11190],{"className":46,"code":11189,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11191,11192,11224,11238,11242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11193,11194,11196,11198,11200,11202,11204,11206,11208,11210,11212,11214,11216,11218,11220,11222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11195,11089],{"class":59},[53,11197,64],{"class":63},[53,11199,68],{"class":67},[53,11201,72],{"class":71},[53,11203,1524],{"class":75},[53,11205,72],{"class":71},[53,11207,191],{"class":67},[53,11209,4858],{"class":273},[53,11211,81],{"class":67},[53,11213,84],{"class":71},[53,11215,11110],{"class":75},[53,11217,72],{"class":71},[53,11219,191],{"class":67},[53,11221,279],{"class":273},[53,11223,101],{"class":67},[53,11225,11226,11228,11230,11232,11234,11236],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11227,11089],{"class":59},[53,11229,64],{"class":63},[53,11231,11131],{"class":59},[53,11233,37],{"class":67},[53,11235,10748],{"class":112},[53,11237,8011],{"class":67},[53,11239,11240],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11241,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11243,11244,11246,11248,11250],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,11245,132],{"class":131},[53,11247,116],{"class":67},[53,11249,10815],{"class":112},[53,11251,125],{"class":67},[20,11253,772],{},[44,11255,11256],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,11257,11258],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11259,11260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11261,931],{"class":938},[20,11263,11264],{},"Why this happens:",[193,11266,11267,11273,11278],{},[196,11268,11269,11272],{},[15,11270,11271],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[196,11274,11275,11276],{},"The method returns ",[15,11277,849],{},[196,11279,11280,11281,11284,11285,11287],{},"Then ",[15,11282,11283],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11286,849],{}," in the variable",[20,11289,11290,11291,11293],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11292,10687],{}," by itself:",[44,11295,11297],{"className":46,"code":11296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11298,11299,11331,11341,11345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11300,11301,11303,11305,11307,11309,11311,11313,11315,11317,11319,11321,11323,11325,11327,11329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11302,11089],{"class":59},[53,11304,64],{"class":63},[53,11306,68],{"class":67},[53,11308,72],{"class":71},[53,11310,1524],{"class":75},[53,11312,72],{"class":71},[53,11314,191],{"class":67},[53,11316,4858],{"class":273},[53,11318,81],{"class":67},[53,11320,84],{"class":71},[53,11322,11110],{"class":75},[53,11324,72],{"class":71},[53,11326,191],{"class":67},[53,11328,279],{"class":273},[53,11330,101],{"class":67},[53,11332,11333,11335,11337,11339],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11334,10815],{"class":59},[53,11336,37],{"class":67},[53,11338,10748],{"class":112},[53,11340,8011],{"class":67},[53,11342,11343],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11344,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11346,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,11348,132],{"class":131},[53,11350,116],{"class":67},[53,11352,10815],{"class":112},[53,11354,3021],{"class":67},[53,11356,10763],{"class":3024},[39,11358,11360,11362],{"id":11359},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11361,10687],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11364,11365],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[44,11367,11368],{"className":46,"code":10808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,11369,11370],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11371,11372,11374,11376,11378],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11373,10815],{"class":59},[53,11375,37],{"class":67},[53,11377,10748],{"class":112},[53,11379,8011],{"class":67},[44,11381,11383],{"className":46,"code":11382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11384,11385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11386,11387,11389,11391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11388,11089],{"class":59},[53,11390,64],{"class":63},[53,11392,9205],{"class":67},[599,11394,11395],{"id":10748},[15,11396,10687],{},[193,11398,11399,11402,11405],{},[196,11400,11401],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[196,11403,11404],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[196,11406,11407],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[599,11409,11410],{"id":10815},[15,11411,11412],{},"my_dict = {}",[193,11414,11415,11418,11421],{},[196,11416,11417],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[196,11419,11420],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[196,11422,11423],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11425,11426,11427,37],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[464,11428,11430],{"href":11429},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[39,11432,11434],{"id":11433},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11436,11437,11438,11440],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11439,10687],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[44,11442,11444],{"className":46,"code":11443,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11445,11446,11479,11489,11493,11504,11508,11528,11548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11447,11448,11451,11453,11455,11457,11459,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471,11473,11475,11477],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11449,11450],{"class":59},"original ",[53,11452,64],{"class":63},[53,11454,68],{"class":67},[53,11456,72],{"class":71},[53,11458,464],{"class":75},[53,11460,72],{"class":71},[53,11462,191],{"class":67},[53,11464,4858],{"class":273},[53,11466,81],{"class":67},[53,11468,84],{"class":71},[53,11470,637],{"class":75},[53,11472,72],{"class":71},[53,11474,191],{"class":67},[53,11476,279],{"class":273},[53,11478,101],{"class":67},[53,11480,11481,11484,11486],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11482,11483],{"class":59},"other_ref ",[53,11485,64],{"class":63},[53,11487,11488],{"class":59}," original\n",[53,11490,11491],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11492,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11494,11495,11498,11500,11502],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,11496,11497],{"class":59},"original",[53,11499,37],{"class":67},[53,11501,10748],{"class":112},[53,11503,8011],{"class":67},[53,11505,11506],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,11507,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11509,11510,11512,11514,11516,11519,11521,11523,11526],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,11511,132],{"class":131},[53,11513,116],{"class":67},[53,11515,72],{"class":71},[53,11517,11518],{"class":75},"original:",[53,11520,72],{"class":71},[53,11522,81],{"class":67},[53,11524,11525],{"class":112}," original",[53,11527,125],{"class":67},[53,11529,11530,11532,11534,11536,11539,11541,11543,11546],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,11531,132],{"class":131},[53,11533,116],{"class":67},[53,11535,72],{"class":71},[53,11537,11538],{"class":75},"other_ref:",[53,11540,72],{"class":71},[53,11542,81],{"class":67},[53,11544,11545],{"class":112}," other_ref",[53,11547,125],{"class":67},[53,11549,11550,11552,11554,11556,11559,11561],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,11551,132],{"class":131},[53,11553,116],{"class":67},[53,11555,11450],{"class":112},[53,11557,11558],{"class":1105},"is",[53,11560,11545],{"class":112},[53,11562,125],{"class":67},[20,11564,772],{},[44,11566,11568],{"className":46,"code":11567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11569,11570,11578,11587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11571,11572,11574,11576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11573,11497],{"class":59},[53,11575,191],{"class":67},[53,11577,9205],{"class":67},[53,11579,11580,11583,11585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11581,11582],{"class":59},"other_ref",[53,11584,191],{"class":67},[53,11586,9205],{"class":67},[53,11588,11589],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11590,3340],{"class":938},[20,11592,11593],{},"This shows:",[193,11595,11596,11603,11608],{},[196,11597,11598,594,11600,11602],{},[15,11599,11497],{},[15,11601,11582],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[196,11604,11605,11607],{},[15,11606,10687],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[196,11609,11610],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11612,11613],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[44,11615,11617],{"className":46,"code":11616,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11618,11619,11651,11659,11663,11671,11675,11693,11711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11620,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11631,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641,11643,11645,11647,11649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11622,11450],{"class":59},[53,11624,64],{"class":63},[53,11626,68],{"class":67},[53,11628,72],{"class":71},[53,11630,464],{"class":75},[53,11632,72],{"class":71},[53,11634,191],{"class":67},[53,11636,4858],{"class":273},[53,11638,81],{"class":67},[53,11640,84],{"class":71},[53,11642,637],{"class":75},[53,11644,72],{"class":71},[53,11646,191],{"class":67},[53,11648,279],{"class":273},[53,11650,101],{"class":67},[53,11652,11653,11655,11657],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11654,11483],{"class":59},[53,11656,64],{"class":63},[53,11658,11488],{"class":59},[53,11660,11661],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11662,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11664,11665,11667,11669],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,11666,11450],{"class":59},[53,11668,64],{"class":63},[53,11670,9205],{"class":67},[53,11672,11673],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,11674,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11676,11677,11679,11681,11683,11685,11687,11689,11691],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,11678,132],{"class":131},[53,11680,116],{"class":67},[53,11682,72],{"class":71},[53,11684,11518],{"class":75},[53,11686,72],{"class":71},[53,11688,81],{"class":67},[53,11690,11525],{"class":112},[53,11692,125],{"class":67},[53,11694,11695,11697,11699,11701,11703,11705,11707,11709],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,11696,132],{"class":131},[53,11698,116],{"class":67},[53,11700,72],{"class":71},[53,11702,11538],{"class":75},[53,11704,72],{"class":71},[53,11706,81],{"class":67},[53,11708,11545],{"class":112},[53,11710,125],{"class":67},[53,11712,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,11714,132],{"class":131},[53,11716,116],{"class":67},[53,11718,11450],{"class":112},[53,11720,11558],{"class":1105},[53,11722,11545],{"class":112},[53,11724,125],{"class":67},[20,11726,772],{},[44,11728,11730],{"className":46,"code":11729,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11731,11732,11740,11772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11733,11734,11736,11738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11735,11497],{"class":59},[53,11737,191],{"class":67},[53,11739,9205],{"class":67},[53,11741,11742,11744,11746,11748,11750,11752,11754,11756,11758,11760,11762,11764,11766,11768,11770],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11743,11582],{"class":59},[53,11745,191],{"class":67},[53,11747,68],{"class":67},[53,11749,156],{"class":71},[53,11751,464],{"class":75},[53,11753,156],{"class":71},[53,11755,191],{"class":67},[53,11757,4858],{"class":273},[53,11759,81],{"class":67},[53,11761,165],{"class":71},[53,11763,637],{"class":75},[53,11765,156],{"class":71},[53,11767,191],{"class":67},[53,11769,279],{"class":273},[53,11771,101],{"class":67},[53,11773,11774],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11775,3401],{"class":938},[20,11777,1529],{},[193,11779,11780,11786],{},[196,11781,11782,11785],{},[15,11783,11784],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[196,11787,11788,11790],{},[15,11789,11582],{}," still points to the old one",[20,11792,11793,11794,37],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[464,11795,11797],{"href":11796},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,11798,11799],{},"dict.copy()",[39,11801,4319,11803],{"id":11802},"when-to-use-clear",[15,11804,10687],{},[20,11806,11807,11809],{},[15,11808,10687],{}," is useful when you want to:",[193,11811,11812,11815,11818],{},[196,11813,11814],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[196,11816,11817],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[196,11819,11820],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,11822,1559],{},[44,11824,11826],{"className":46,"code":11825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,11827,11828,11837,11853,11873,11886,11890,11894,11899,11910,11914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11829,11830,11833,11835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11831,11832],{"class":59},"session_data ",[53,11834,64],{"class":63},[53,11836,10857],{"class":67},[53,11838,11839,11841,11844,11846,11848,11851],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11840,10862],{"class":71},[53,11842,11843],{"class":75},"user_id",[53,11845,72],{"class":71},[53,11847,191],{"class":67},[53,11849,11850],{"class":273}," 101",[53,11852,10878],{"class":67},[53,11854,11855,11857,11860,11862,11864,11866,11869,11871],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,11856,10862],{"class":71},[53,11858,11859],{"class":75},"theme",[53,11861,72],{"class":71},[53,11863,191],{"class":67},[53,11865,84],{"class":71},[53,11867,11868],{"class":75},"dark",[53,11870,72],{"class":71},[53,11872,10878],{"class":67},[53,11874,11875,11877,11880,11882,11884],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,11876,10862],{"class":71},[53,11878,11879],{"class":75},"logged_in",[53,11881,72],{"class":71},[53,11883,191],{"class":67},[53,11885,5785],{"class":938},[53,11887,11888],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,11889,101],{"class":67},[53,11891,11892],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,11893,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11895,11896],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,11897,11898],{"class":3024},"# Reset for a new session\n",[53,11900,11901,11904,11906,11908],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,11902,11903],{"class":59},"session_data",[53,11905,37],{"class":67},[53,11907,10748],{"class":112},[53,11909,8011],{"class":67},[53,11911,11912],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,11913,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,11915,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,11917,132],{"class":131},[53,11919,116],{"class":67},[53,11921,11903],{"class":112},[53,11923,3021],{"class":67},[53,11925,10763],{"class":3024},[20,11927,11928,11929,11935,11936,37,11940,11942,11943,37],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[464,11930,11932],{"href":11931},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,11933,11934],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[464,11937,11939],{"href":11938},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9213,11941],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[464,11944,11946],{"href":11945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,11947,11948],{},"dict.popitem()",[39,11950,2185],{"id":2184},[20,11952,10114,11953,191],{},[15,11954,10687],{},[193,11956,11957,11963,11968,11971],{},[196,11958,11959,11960,11962],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,11961,10687],{}," to a variable",[196,11964,838,11965,11967],{},[15,11966,10687],{}," to return a new dictionary",[196,11969,11970],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[196,11972,11973],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,11975,11976],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[44,11978,11980],{"className":46,"code":11979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,11981,11982,11992,12006,12021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,11983,11984,11986,11988,11990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,11985,132],{"class":131},[53,11987,116],{"class":67},[53,11989,10815],{"class":112},[53,11991,125],{"class":67},[53,11993,11994,11996,11998,12000,12002,12004],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,11995,132],{"class":131},[53,11997,116],{"class":67},[53,11999,2578],{"class":550},[53,12001,116],{"class":67},[53,12003,10815],{"class":112},[53,12005,1377],{"class":67},[53,12007,12008,12010,12012,12015,12017,12019],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,12009,132],{"class":131},[53,12011,116],{"class":67},[53,12013,12014],{"class":131},"id",[53,12016,116],{"class":67},[53,12018,10815],{"class":112},[53,12020,1377],{"class":67},[53,12022,12023,12025,12027,12029,12031,12033],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,12024,132],{"class":131},[53,12026,116],{"class":67},[53,12028,11483],{"class":112},[53,12030,11558],{"class":1105},[53,12032,11131],{"class":112},[53,12034,125],{"class":67},[20,12036,12037],{},"What these show:",[193,12039,12040,12046,12052,12058],{},[196,12041,12042,12045],{},[15,12043,12044],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[196,12047,12048,12051],{},[15,12049,12050],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[196,12053,12054,12057],{},[15,12055,12056],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[196,12059,12060,12063],{},[15,12061,12062],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[39,12065,1187],{"id":1186},[599,12067,1191,12069,12071],{"id":12068},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12070,10687],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12073,12074],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[599,12076,4501,12078,12080],{"id":12077},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12079,10692],{}," return?",[20,12082,4507,12083,37],{},[15,12084,849],{},[599,12086,4538,12088,594,12090,1222],{"id":12087},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12089,10687],{},[15,12091,3152],{},[20,12093,12094,12096,12097,12099],{},[15,12095,10687],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12098,3152],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[599,12101,1191,12103,12105],{"id":12102},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12104,10687],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12107,12108],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[39,12110,1244],{"id":1243},[193,12112,12113,12117,12121,12127,12134,12141,12146],{},[196,12114,12115],{},[464,12116,8524],{"href":8523},[196,12118,12119],{},[464,12120,10609],{"href":8758},[196,12122,12123],{},[464,12124,10104,12125,830],{"href":11931},[15,12126,1260],{},[196,12128,12129],{},[464,12130,10104,12131,830],{"href":11945},[15,12132,12133],{},"popitem()",[196,12135,12136],{},[464,12137,10104,12138,830],{"href":11796},[15,12139,12140],{},"copy()",[196,12142,12143],{},[464,12144,12145],{"href":11429},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[196,12147,12148],{},[464,12149,12150],{"href":11938},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1276,12152,12153],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":12155},[12156,12157,12159,12160,12161,12165,12170,12171,12173,12174,12184],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":10771,"depth":104,"text":12158},"What clear() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":11067,"depth":104,"text":12162,"children":12163},"What clear() returns",[12164],{"id":11179,"depth":128,"text":11180},{"id":11359,"depth":104,"text":12166,"children":12167},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12168,12169],{"id":10748,"depth":128,"text":10687},{"id":10815,"depth":128,"text":11412},{"id":11433,"depth":104,"text":11434},{"id":11802,"depth":104,"text":12172},"When to use clear()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":12175},[12176,12178,12180,12182],{"id":12068,"depth":128,"text":12177},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12077,"depth":128,"text":12179},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12087,"depth":128,"text":12181},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12102,"depth":128,"text":12183},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10678,"description":12185},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12192,"title":12193,"body":12194,"description":14357,"extension":1312,"meta":14358,"navigation":383,"path":14359,"seo":14360,"stem":14361,"__hash__":14362},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12195,"toc":14329},[12196,12201,12206,12216,12218,12307,12311,12352,12357,12364,12382,12391,12393,12414,12417,12429,12431,12504,12508,12549,12551,12554,12682,12686,12766,12769,12787,12790,12794,12800,12802,12813,12815,13010,13014,13120,13123,13141,13144,13151,13156,13160,13174,13176,13303,13307,13387,13400,13406,13409,13417,13421,13547,13551,13625,13630,13761,13765,13839,13842,13856,13860,13864,13878,13880,14016,14020,14089,14091,14096,14118,14121,14228,14231,14242,14249,14251,14257,14260,14267,14270,14277,14285,14289,14292,14294,14326],[10,12197,10684,12199,18],{"id":12198},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12200,12140],{},[20,12202,12203,12205],{},[15,12204,11799],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12207,12208,12209,12211,12212,12215],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12210,12140],{}," makes a ",[30,12213,12214],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[39,12217,42],{"id":41},[44,12219,12221],{"className":46,"code":12220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12222,12223,12261,12278,12282,12293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12224,12225,12228,12230,12232,12234,12236,12238,12240,12242,12245,12247,12249,12251,12253,12255,12257,12259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12226,12227],{"class":59},"student ",[53,12229,64],{"class":63},[53,12231,68],{"class":67},[53,12233,72],{"class":71},[53,12235,7032],{"class":75},[53,12237,72],{"class":71},[53,12239,191],{"class":67},[53,12241,84],{"class":71},[53,12243,12244],{"class":75},"Ana",[53,12246,72],{"class":71},[53,12248,81],{"class":67},[53,12250,84],{"class":71},[53,12252,8667],{"class":75},[53,12254,72],{"class":71},[53,12256,191],{"class":67},[53,12258,7155],{"class":273},[53,12260,101],{"class":67},[53,12262,12263,12266,12268,12271,12273,12276],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12264,12265],{"class":59},"student_copy ",[53,12267,64],{"class":63},[53,12269,12270],{"class":59}," student",[53,12272,37],{"class":67},[53,12274,12275],{"class":112},"copy",[53,12277,8011],{"class":67},[53,12279,12280],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,12281,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12283,12284,12286,12288,12291],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,12285,132],{"class":131},[53,12287,116],{"class":67},[53,12289,12290],{"class":112},"student_copy",[53,12292,125],{"class":67},[53,12294,12295,12297,12299,12301,12303,12305],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,12296,132],{"class":131},[53,12298,116],{"class":67},[53,12300,12265],{"class":112},[53,12302,11558],{"class":1105},[53,12304,12270],{"class":112},[53,12306,125],{"class":67},[20,12308,12309],{},[30,12310,772],{},[44,12312,12314],{"className":46,"code":12313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12315,12316,12348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12317,12318,12320,12322,12324,12326,12328,12330,12332,12334,12336,12338,12340,12342,12344,12346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12319,153],{"class":67},[53,12321,156],{"class":71},[53,12323,7032],{"class":75},[53,12325,156],{"class":71},[53,12327,191],{"class":67},[53,12329,165],{"class":71},[53,12331,12244],{"class":75},[53,12333,156],{"class":71},[53,12335,81],{"class":67},[53,12337,165],{"class":71},[53,12339,8667],{"class":75},[53,12341,156],{"class":71},[53,12343,191],{"class":67},[53,12345,7155],{"class":273},[53,12347,101],{"class":67},[53,12349,12350],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12351,3401],{"class":938},[20,12353,174,12354,12356],{},[15,12355,12140],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[39,12358,12360,12361,12363],{"id":12359},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12362,12140],{}," method does",[193,12365,12366,12371,12374,12379],{},[196,12367,12368,12370],{},[15,12369,11799],{}," returns a new dictionary",[196,12372,12373],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[196,12375,12376,12377],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12378,12140],{},[196,12380,12381],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12383,12384,12385,1219,12388,37],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[464,12386,8524],{"href":12387},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[464,12389,8759],{"href":12390},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[39,12392,217],{"id":216},[44,12394,12396],{"className":46,"code":12395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12397,12398],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12399,12400,12403,12405,12408,12410,12412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12401,12402],{"class":59},"new_dict ",[53,12404,64],{"class":63},[53,12406,12407],{"class":59}," old_dict",[53,12409,37],{"class":67},[53,12411,12275],{"class":112},[53,12413,8011],{"class":67},[20,12415,12416],{},"Key points:",[193,12418,12419,12423,12426],{},[196,12420,12421,10831],{},[15,12422,12140],{},[196,12424,12425],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[196,12427,12428],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12430,1559],{},[44,12432,12434],{"className":46,"code":12433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12435,12436,12476,12490,12494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12437,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446,12448,12450,12452,12454,12456,12458,12460,12462,12464,12466,12468,12470,12472,12474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12439,60],{"class":59},[53,12441,64],{"class":63},[53,12443,68],{"class":67},[53,12445,72],{"class":71},[53,12447,464],{"class":75},[53,12449,72],{"class":71},[53,12451,191],{"class":67},[53,12453,84],{"class":71},[53,12455,76],{"class":75},[53,12457,72],{"class":71},[53,12459,81],{"class":67},[53,12461,84],{"class":71},[53,12463,637],{"class":75},[53,12465,72],{"class":71},[53,12467,191],{"class":67},[53,12469,84],{"class":71},[53,12471,87],{"class":75},[53,12473,72],{"class":71},[53,12475,101],{"class":67},[53,12477,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12479,894],{"class":59},[53,12481,64],{"class":63},[53,12483,899],{"class":59},[53,12485,37],{"class":67},[53,12487,12275],{"class":112},[53,12489,8011],{"class":67},[53,12491,12492],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,12493,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12495,12496,12498,12500,12502],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,12497,132],{"class":131},[53,12499,116],{"class":67},[53,12501,922],{"class":112},[53,12503,125],{"class":67},[20,12505,12506],{},[30,12507,772],{},[44,12509,12511],{"className":46,"code":12510,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12512,12513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12514,12515,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527,12529,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541,12543,12545,12547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12516,153],{"class":67},[53,12518,156],{"class":71},[53,12520,464],{"class":75},[53,12522,156],{"class":71},[53,12524,191],{"class":67},[53,12526,165],{"class":71},[53,12528,76],{"class":75},[53,12530,156],{"class":71},[53,12532,81],{"class":67},[53,12534,165],{"class":71},[53,12536,637],{"class":75},[53,12538,156],{"class":71},[53,12540,191],{"class":67},[53,12542,165],{"class":71},[53,12544,87],{"class":75},[53,12546,156],{"class":71},[53,12548,101],{"class":67},[39,12550,337],{"id":336},[20,12552,12553],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[44,12555,12557],{"className":46,"code":12556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12558,12559,12597,12613,12617,12639,12643,12662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12560,12561,12564,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12581,12583,12585,12587,12589,12591,12593,12595],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12562,12563],{"class":59},"person ",[53,12565,64],{"class":63},[53,12567,68],{"class":67},[53,12569,72],{"class":71},[53,12571,7032],{"class":75},[53,12573,72],{"class":71},[53,12575,191],{"class":67},[53,12577,84],{"class":71},[53,12579,12580],{"class":75},"Liam",[53,12582,72],{"class":71},[53,12584,81],{"class":67},[53,12586,84],{"class":71},[53,12588,8667],{"class":75},[53,12590,72],{"class":71},[53,12592,191],{"class":67},[53,12594,8674],{"class":273},[53,12596,101],{"class":67},[53,12598,12599,12602,12604,12607,12609,12611],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12600,12601],{"class":59},"person_copy ",[53,12603,64],{"class":63},[53,12605,12606],{"class":59}," person",[53,12608,37],{"class":67},[53,12610,12275],{"class":112},[53,12612,8011],{"class":67},[53,12614,12615],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,12616,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12618,12619,12622,12624,12626,12628,12630,12633,12636],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,12620,12621],{"class":59},"person_copy",[53,12623,3260],{"class":67},[53,12625,72],{"class":71},[53,12627,8667],{"class":75},[53,12629,72],{"class":71},[53,12631,12632],{"class":67},"]",[53,12634,12635],{"class":63}," =",[53,12637,12638],{"class":273}," 26\n",[53,12640,12641],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,12642,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12644,12645,12647,12649,12651,12654,12656,12658,12660],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,12646,132],{"class":131},[53,12648,116],{"class":67},[53,12650,72],{"class":71},[53,12652,12653],{"class":75},"Original:",[53,12655,72],{"class":71},[53,12657,81],{"class":67},[53,12659,12606],{"class":112},[53,12661,125],{"class":67},[53,12663,12664,12666,12668,12670,12673,12675,12677,12680],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,12665,132],{"class":131},[53,12667,116],{"class":67},[53,12669,72],{"class":71},[53,12671,12672],{"class":75},"Copy:",[53,12674,72],{"class":71},[53,12676,81],{"class":67},[53,12678,12679],{"class":112}," person_copy",[53,12681,125],{"class":67},[20,12683,12684],{},[30,12685,772],{},[44,12687,12689],{"className":46,"code":12688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12690,12691,12728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12692,12693,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722,12724,12726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12694,12695],{"class":59},"Original",[53,12697,191],{"class":67},[53,12699,68],{"class":67},[53,12701,156],{"class":71},[53,12703,7032],{"class":75},[53,12705,156],{"class":71},[53,12707,191],{"class":67},[53,12709,165],{"class":71},[53,12711,12580],{"class":75},[53,12713,156],{"class":71},[53,12715,81],{"class":67},[53,12717,165],{"class":71},[53,12719,8667],{"class":75},[53,12721,156],{"class":71},[53,12723,191],{"class":67},[53,12725,8674],{"class":273},[53,12727,101],{"class":67},[53,12729,12730,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761,12764],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12731,12732],{"class":59},"Copy",[53,12734,191],{"class":67},[53,12736,68],{"class":67},[53,12738,156],{"class":71},[53,12740,7032],{"class":75},[53,12742,156],{"class":71},[53,12744,191],{"class":67},[53,12746,165],{"class":71},[53,12748,12580],{"class":75},[53,12750,156],{"class":71},[53,12752,81],{"class":67},[53,12754,165],{"class":71},[53,12756,8667],{"class":75},[53,12758,156],{"class":71},[53,12760,191],{"class":67},[53,12762,12763],{"class":273}," 26",[53,12765,101],{"class":67},[20,12767,12768],{},"What happened here:",[193,12770,12771,12777,12784],{},[196,12772,12773,12776],{},[15,12774,12775],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[196,12778,12779,12780,12783],{},"Changing ",[15,12781,12782],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[196,12785,12786],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,12788,12789],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[39,12791,12793],{"id":12792},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,12795,12796,12211,12798,37],{},[15,12797,12140],{},[30,12799,12214],{},[20,12801,1457],{},[193,12803,12804,12807,12810],{},[196,12805,12806],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[196,12808,12809],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[196,12811,12812],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,12814,1559],{},[44,12816,12818],{"className":46,"code":12817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,12819,12820,12828,12846,12869,12873,12877,12891,12895,12920,12924,12942,12961,12976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,12821,12822,12824,12826],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,12823,12227],{"class":59},[53,12825,64],{"class":63},[53,12827,10857],{"class":67},[53,12829,12830,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,12831,10862],{"class":71},[53,12833,7032],{"class":75},[53,12835,72],{"class":71},[53,12837,191],{"class":67},[53,12839,84],{"class":71},[53,12841,12244],{"class":75},[53,12843,72],{"class":71},[53,12845,10878],{"class":67},[53,12847,12848,12850,12853,12855,12857,12859,12862,12864,12867],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,12849,10862],{"class":71},[53,12851,12852],{"class":75},"grades",[53,12854,72],{"class":71},[53,12856,191],{"class":67},[53,12858,2982],{"class":67},[53,12860,12861],{"class":273},"90",[53,12863,81],{"class":67},[53,12865,12866],{"class":273}," 85",[53,12868,2995],{"class":67},[53,12870,12871],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,12872,101],{"class":67},[53,12874,12875],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,12876,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12878,12879,12881,12883,12885,12887,12889],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,12880,12265],{"class":59},[53,12882,64],{"class":63},[53,12884,12270],{"class":59},[53,12886,37],{"class":67},[53,12888,12275],{"class":112},[53,12890,8011],{"class":67},[53,12892,12893],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,12894,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12896,12897,12899,12901,12903,12905,12907,12910,12913,12915,12918],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,12898,12290],{"class":59},[53,12900,3260],{"class":67},[53,12902,72],{"class":71},[53,12904,12852],{"class":75},[53,12906,72],{"class":71},[53,12908,12909],{"class":67},"].",[53,12911,12912],{"class":112},"append",[53,12914,116],{"class":67},[53,12916,12917],{"class":273},"100",[53,12919,125],{"class":67},[53,12921,12922],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,12923,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,12925,12926,12928,12930,12932,12934,12936,12938,12940],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,12927,132],{"class":131},[53,12929,116],{"class":67},[53,12931,72],{"class":71},[53,12933,12653],{"class":75},[53,12935,72],{"class":71},[53,12937,81],{"class":67},[53,12939,12270],{"class":112},[53,12941,125],{"class":67},[53,12943,12944,12946,12948,12950,12952,12954,12956,12959],{"class":55,"line":10959},[53,12945,132],{"class":131},[53,12947,116],{"class":67},[53,12949,72],{"class":71},[53,12951,12672],{"class":75},[53,12953,72],{"class":71},[53,12955,81],{"class":67},[53,12957,12958],{"class":112}," student_copy",[53,12960,125],{"class":67},[53,12962,12964,12966,12968,12970,12972,12974],{"class":55,"line":12963},12,[53,12965,132],{"class":131},[53,12967,116],{"class":67},[53,12969,12227],{"class":112},[53,12971,11558],{"class":1105},[53,12973,12958],{"class":112},[53,12975,125],{"class":67},[53,12977,12979,12981,12983,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008],{"class":55,"line":12978},13,[53,12980,132],{"class":131},[53,12982,116],{"class":67},[53,12984,12985],{"class":112},"student",[53,12987,3260],{"class":67},[53,12989,72],{"class":71},[53,12991,12852],{"class":75},[53,12993,72],{"class":71},[53,12995,12632],{"class":67},[53,12997,7463],{"class":1105},[53,12999,12958],{"class":112},[53,13001,3260],{"class":67},[53,13003,72],{"class":71},[53,13005,12852],{"class":75},[53,13007,72],{"class":71},[53,13009,3248],{"class":67},[20,13011,13012],{},[30,13013,772],{},[44,13015,13017],{"className":46,"code":13016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13018,13019,13066,13112,13116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13020,13021,13023,13025,13027,13029,13031,13033,13035,13037,13039,13041,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13022,12695],{"class":59},[53,13024,191],{"class":67},[53,13026,68],{"class":67},[53,13028,156],{"class":71},[53,13030,7032],{"class":75},[53,13032,156],{"class":71},[53,13034,191],{"class":67},[53,13036,165],{"class":71},[53,13038,12244],{"class":75},[53,13040,156],{"class":71},[53,13042,81],{"class":67},[53,13044,165],{"class":71},[53,13046,12852],{"class":75},[53,13048,156],{"class":71},[53,13050,191],{"class":67},[53,13052,2982],{"class":67},[53,13054,12861],{"class":273},[53,13056,81],{"class":67},[53,13058,12866],{"class":273},[53,13060,81],{"class":67},[53,13062,9485],{"class":273},[53,13064,13065],{"class":67},"]}\n",[53,13067,13068,13070,13072,13074,13076,13078,13080,13082,13084,13086,13088,13090,13092,13094,13096,13098,13100,13102,13104,13106,13108,13110],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13069,12732],{"class":59},[53,13071,191],{"class":67},[53,13073,68],{"class":67},[53,13075,156],{"class":71},[53,13077,7032],{"class":75},[53,13079,156],{"class":71},[53,13081,191],{"class":67},[53,13083,165],{"class":71},[53,13085,12244],{"class":75},[53,13087,156],{"class":71},[53,13089,81],{"class":67},[53,13091,165],{"class":71},[53,13093,12852],{"class":75},[53,13095,156],{"class":71},[53,13097,191],{"class":67},[53,13099,2982],{"class":67},[53,13101,12861],{"class":273},[53,13103,81],{"class":67},[53,13105,12866],{"class":273},[53,13107,81],{"class":67},[53,13109,9485],{"class":273},[53,13111,13065],{"class":67},[53,13113,13114],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13115,3401],{"class":938},[53,13117,13118],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,13119,3340],{"class":938},[20,13121,13122],{},"Notice the difference:",[193,13124,13125,13133],{},[196,13126,13127,4141,13130,13132],{},[15,13128,13129],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13131,3035],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[196,13134,13135,4141,13138,13140],{},[15,13136,13137],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13139,2963],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13142,13143],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13145,13146,13147,37],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[464,13148,13150],{"href":13149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[39,13152,4319,13154],{"id":13153},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13155,12140],{},[20,13157,174,13158,9968],{},[15,13159,12140],{},[193,13161,13162,13165,13168,13171],{},[196,13163,13164],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[196,13166,13167],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[196,13169,13170],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[196,13172,13173],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13175,1559],{},[44,13177,13179],{"className":46,"code":13178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13180,13181,13220,13236,13240,13260,13264,13283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13182,13183,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13198,13200,13202,13204,13206,13208,13211,13213,13215,13218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13184,13185],{"class":59},"settings ",[53,13187,64],{"class":63},[53,13189,68],{"class":67},[53,13191,72],{"class":71},[53,13193,11859],{"class":75},[53,13195,72],{"class":71},[53,13197,191],{"class":67},[53,13199,84],{"class":71},[53,13201,11868],{"class":75},[53,13203,72],{"class":71},[53,13205,81],{"class":67},[53,13207,84],{"class":71},[53,13209,13210],{"class":75},"font_size",[53,13212,72],{"class":71},[53,13214,191],{"class":67},[53,13216,13217],{"class":273}," 14",[53,13219,101],{"class":67},[53,13221,13222,13225,13227,13230,13232,13234],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13223,13224],{"class":59},"settings_backup ",[53,13226,64],{"class":63},[53,13228,13229],{"class":59}," settings",[53,13231,37],{"class":67},[53,13233,12275],{"class":112},[53,13235,8011],{"class":67},[53,13237,13238],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13239,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13241,13242,13245,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,13243,13244],{"class":59},"settings",[53,13246,3260],{"class":67},[53,13248,72],{"class":71},[53,13250,13210],{"class":75},[53,13252,72],{"class":71},[53,13254,12632],{"class":67},[53,13256,12635],{"class":63},[53,13258,13259],{"class":273}," 16\n",[53,13261,13262],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,13263,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13265,13266,13268,13270,13272,13275,13277,13279,13281],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,13267,132],{"class":131},[53,13269,116],{"class":67},[53,13271,72],{"class":71},[53,13273,13274],{"class":75},"Current:",[53,13276,72],{"class":71},[53,13278,81],{"class":67},[53,13280,13229],{"class":112},[53,13282,125],{"class":67},[53,13284,13285,13287,13289,13291,13294,13296,13298,13301],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,13286,132],{"class":131},[53,13288,116],{"class":67},[53,13290,72],{"class":71},[53,13292,13293],{"class":75},"Backup:",[53,13295,72],{"class":71},[53,13297,81],{"class":67},[53,13299,13300],{"class":112}," settings_backup",[53,13302,125],{"class":67},[20,13304,13305],{},[30,13306,772],{},[44,13308,13310],{"className":46,"code":13309,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13311,13312,13350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13313,13314,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13315,13316],{"class":59},"Current",[53,13318,191],{"class":67},[53,13320,68],{"class":67},[53,13322,156],{"class":71},[53,13324,11859],{"class":75},[53,13326,156],{"class":71},[53,13328,191],{"class":67},[53,13330,165],{"class":71},[53,13332,11868],{"class":75},[53,13334,156],{"class":71},[53,13336,81],{"class":67},[53,13338,165],{"class":71},[53,13340,13210],{"class":75},[53,13342,156],{"class":71},[53,13344,191],{"class":67},[53,13346,13347],{"class":273}," 16",[53,13349,101],{"class":67},[53,13351,13352,13355,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13353,13354],{"class":59},"Backup",[53,13356,191],{"class":67},[53,13358,68],{"class":67},[53,13360,156],{"class":71},[53,13362,11859],{"class":75},[53,13364,156],{"class":71},[53,13366,191],{"class":67},[53,13368,165],{"class":71},[53,13370,11868],{"class":75},[53,13372,156],{"class":71},[53,13374,81],{"class":67},[53,13376,165],{"class":71},[53,13378,13210],{"class":75},[53,13380,156],{"class":71},[53,13382,191],{"class":67},[53,13384,13217],{"class":273},[53,13386,101],{"class":67},[20,13388,13389,13390,1219,13396,37],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[464,13391,13393],{"href":13392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13394,13395],{},"dict.update()",[464,13397,13398],{"href":12187},[15,13399,10692],{},[39,13401,13403,13405],{"id":13402},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13404,12140],{}," vs assignment",[20,13407,13408],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13410,7785,13411,13413,13414,13416],{},[15,13412,64],{}," does ",[30,13415,461],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[599,13418,13420],{"id":13419},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[44,13422,13424],{"className":46,"code":13423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13425,13426,13458,13467,13471,13491,13495,13513,13533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13427,13428,13430,13432,13434,13436,13438,13440,13442,13444,13446,13448,13450,13452,13454,13456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13429,11450],{"class":59},[53,13431,64],{"class":63},[53,13433,68],{"class":67},[53,13435,72],{"class":71},[53,13437,1524],{"class":75},[53,13439,72],{"class":71},[53,13441,191],{"class":67},[53,13443,4858],{"class":273},[53,13445,81],{"class":67},[53,13447,84],{"class":71},[53,13449,11110],{"class":75},[53,13451,72],{"class":71},[53,13453,191],{"class":67},[53,13455,279],{"class":273},[53,13457,101],{"class":67},[53,13459,13460,13463,13465],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13461,13462],{"class":59},"assigned ",[53,13464,64],{"class":63},[53,13466,11488],{"class":59},[53,13468,13469],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13470,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13472,13473,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,13474,13475],{"class":59},"assigned",[53,13477,3260],{"class":67},[53,13479,72],{"class":71},[53,13481,1524],{"class":75},[53,13483,72],{"class":71},[53,13485,12632],{"class":67},[53,13487,12635],{"class":63},[53,13489,13490],{"class":273}," 99\n",[53,13492,13493],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,13494,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13496,13497,13499,13501,13503,13505,13507,13509,13511],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,13498,132],{"class":131},[53,13500,116],{"class":67},[53,13502,72],{"class":71},[53,13504,12653],{"class":75},[53,13506,72],{"class":71},[53,13508,81],{"class":67},[53,13510,11525],{"class":112},[53,13512,125],{"class":67},[53,13514,13515,13517,13519,13521,13524,13526,13528,13531],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,13516,132],{"class":131},[53,13518,116],{"class":67},[53,13520,72],{"class":71},[53,13522,13523],{"class":75},"Assigned:",[53,13525,72],{"class":71},[53,13527,81],{"class":67},[53,13529,13530],{"class":112}," assigned",[53,13532,125],{"class":67},[53,13534,13535,13537,13539,13541,13543,13545],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,13536,132],{"class":131},[53,13538,116],{"class":67},[53,13540,11450],{"class":112},[53,13542,11558],{"class":1105},[53,13544,13530],{"class":112},[53,13546,125],{"class":67},[20,13548,13549],{},[30,13550,772],{},[44,13552,13554],{"className":46,"code":13553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13555,13556,13588,13621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13557,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13559,12695],{"class":59},[53,13561,191],{"class":67},[53,13563,68],{"class":67},[53,13565,156],{"class":71},[53,13567,1524],{"class":75},[53,13569,156],{"class":71},[53,13571,191],{"class":67},[53,13573,9564],{"class":273},[53,13575,81],{"class":67},[53,13577,165],{"class":71},[53,13579,11110],{"class":75},[53,13581,156],{"class":71},[53,13583,191],{"class":67},[53,13585,279],{"class":273},[53,13587,101],{"class":67},[53,13589,13590,13593,13595,13597,13599,13601,13603,13605,13607,13609,13611,13613,13615,13617,13619],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13591,13592],{"class":59},"Assigned",[53,13594,191],{"class":67},[53,13596,68],{"class":67},[53,13598,156],{"class":71},[53,13600,1524],{"class":75},[53,13602,156],{"class":71},[53,13604,191],{"class":67},[53,13606,9564],{"class":273},[53,13608,81],{"class":67},[53,13610,165],{"class":71},[53,13612,11110],{"class":75},[53,13614,156],{"class":71},[53,13616,191],{"class":67},[53,13618,279],{"class":273},[53,13620,101],{"class":67},[53,13622,13623],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13624,3340],{"class":938},[599,13626,7785,13628],{"id":13627},"using-copy",[15,13629,12140],{},[44,13631,13633],{"className":46,"code":13632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13634,13635,13667,13682,13686,13705,13709,13727,13747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13636,13637,13639,13641,13643,13645,13647,13649,13651,13653,13655,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13638,11450],{"class":59},[53,13640,64],{"class":63},[53,13642,68],{"class":67},[53,13644,72],{"class":71},[53,13646,1524],{"class":75},[53,13648,72],{"class":71},[53,13650,191],{"class":67},[53,13652,4858],{"class":273},[53,13654,81],{"class":67},[53,13656,84],{"class":71},[53,13658,11110],{"class":75},[53,13660,72],{"class":71},[53,13662,191],{"class":67},[53,13664,279],{"class":273},[53,13666,101],{"class":67},[53,13668,13669,13672,13674,13676,13678,13680],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13670,13671],{"class":59},"copied ",[53,13673,64],{"class":63},[53,13675,11525],{"class":59},[53,13677,37],{"class":67},[53,13679,12275],{"class":112},[53,13681,8011],{"class":67},[53,13683,13684],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13685,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13687,13688,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,13689,13690],{"class":59},"copied",[53,13692,3260],{"class":67},[53,13694,72],{"class":71},[53,13696,1524],{"class":75},[53,13698,72],{"class":71},[53,13700,12632],{"class":67},[53,13702,12635],{"class":63},[53,13704,13490],{"class":273},[53,13706,13707],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,13708,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13710,13711,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,13712,132],{"class":131},[53,13714,116],{"class":67},[53,13716,72],{"class":71},[53,13718,12653],{"class":75},[53,13720,72],{"class":71},[53,13722,81],{"class":67},[53,13724,11525],{"class":112},[53,13726,125],{"class":67},[53,13728,13729,13731,13733,13735,13738,13740,13742,13745],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,13730,132],{"class":131},[53,13732,116],{"class":67},[53,13734,72],{"class":71},[53,13736,13737],{"class":75},"Copied:",[53,13739,72],{"class":71},[53,13741,81],{"class":67},[53,13743,13744],{"class":112}," copied",[53,13746,125],{"class":67},[53,13748,13749,13751,13753,13755,13757,13759],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,13750,132],{"class":131},[53,13752,116],{"class":67},[53,13754,11450],{"class":112},[53,13756,11558],{"class":1105},[53,13758,13744],{"class":112},[53,13760,125],{"class":67},[20,13762,13763],{},[30,13764,772],{},[44,13766,13768],{"className":46,"code":13767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,13769,13770,13802,13835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13771,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13773,12695],{"class":59},[53,13775,191],{"class":67},[53,13777,68],{"class":67},[53,13779,156],{"class":71},[53,13781,1524],{"class":75},[53,13783,156],{"class":71},[53,13785,191],{"class":67},[53,13787,4858],{"class":273},[53,13789,81],{"class":67},[53,13791,165],{"class":71},[53,13793,11110],{"class":75},[53,13795,156],{"class":71},[53,13797,191],{"class":67},[53,13799,279],{"class":273},[53,13801,101],{"class":67},[53,13803,13804,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13805,13806],{"class":59},"Copied",[53,13808,191],{"class":67},[53,13810,68],{"class":67},[53,13812,156],{"class":71},[53,13814,1524],{"class":75},[53,13816,156],{"class":71},[53,13818,191],{"class":67},[53,13820,9564],{"class":273},[53,13822,81],{"class":67},[53,13824,165],{"class":71},[53,13826,11110],{"class":75},[53,13828,156],{"class":71},[53,13830,191],{"class":67},[53,13832,279],{"class":273},[53,13834,101],{"class":67},[53,13836,13837],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13838,3401],{"class":938},[20,13840,13841],{},"Summary:",[193,13843,13844,13850],{},[196,13845,13846,13849],{},[15,13847,13848],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[196,13851,13852,13855],{},[15,13853,13854],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[39,13857,13859],{"id":13858},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,13861,13862,191],{},[15,13863,12140],{},[193,13865,13866,13869,13872,13875],{},[196,13867,13868],{},"Returns a dictionary",[196,13870,13871],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[196,13873,13874],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[196,13876,13877],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,13879,1559],{},[44,13881,13883],{"className":46,"code":13882,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,13884,13885,13917,13933,13937,13955,13975,13979,13997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,13886,13887,13889,13891,13893,13895,13897,13899,13901,13903,13905,13907,13909,13911,13913,13915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,13888,8534],{"class":59},[53,13890,64],{"class":63},[53,13892,68],{"class":67},[53,13894,72],{"class":71},[53,13896,464],{"class":75},[53,13898,72],{"class":71},[53,13900,191],{"class":67},[53,13902,4858],{"class":273},[53,13904,81],{"class":67},[53,13906,84],{"class":71},[53,13908,637],{"class":75},[53,13910,72],{"class":71},[53,13912,191],{"class":67},[53,13914,279],{"class":273},[53,13916,101],{"class":67},[53,13918,13919,13922,13924,13927,13929,13931],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,13920,13921],{"class":59},"data_copy ",[53,13923,64],{"class":63},[53,13925,13926],{"class":59}," data",[53,13928,37],{"class":67},[53,13930,12275],{"class":112},[53,13932,8011],{"class":67},[53,13934,13935],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,13936,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13938,13939,13941,13943,13945,13947,13949,13951,13953],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,13940,8573],{"class":59},[53,13942,3260],{"class":67},[53,13944,72],{"class":71},[53,13946,464],{"class":75},[53,13948,72],{"class":71},[53,13950,12632],{"class":67},[53,13952,12635],{"class":63},[53,13954,1941],{"class":273},[53,13956,13957,13960,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,13958,13959],{"class":59},"data_copy",[53,13961,3260],{"class":67},[53,13963,72],{"class":71},[53,13965,637],{"class":75},[53,13967,72],{"class":71},[53,13969,12632],{"class":67},[53,13971,12635],{"class":63},[53,13973,13974],{"class":273}," 20\n",[53,13976,13977],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,13978,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,13980,13981,13983,13985,13987,13989,13991,13993,13995],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,13982,132],{"class":131},[53,13984,116],{"class":67},[53,13986,72],{"class":71},[53,13988,12653],{"class":75},[53,13990,72],{"class":71},[53,13992,81],{"class":67},[53,13994,13926],{"class":112},[53,13996,125],{"class":67},[53,13998,13999,14001,14003,14005,14007,14009,14011,14014],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,14000,132],{"class":131},[53,14002,116],{"class":67},[53,14004,72],{"class":71},[53,14006,12672],{"class":75},[53,14008,72],{"class":71},[53,14010,81],{"class":67},[53,14012,14013],{"class":112}," data_copy",[53,14015,125],{"class":67},[20,14017,14018],{},[30,14019,772],{},[44,14021,14023],{"className":46,"code":14022,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14024,14025,14057],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14026,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051,14053,14055],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14028,12695],{"class":59},[53,14030,191],{"class":67},[53,14032,68],{"class":67},[53,14034,156],{"class":71},[53,14036,464],{"class":75},[53,14038,156],{"class":71},[53,14040,191],{"class":67},[53,14042,5366],{"class":273},[53,14044,81],{"class":67},[53,14046,165],{"class":71},[53,14048,637],{"class":75},[53,14050,156],{"class":71},[53,14052,191],{"class":67},[53,14054,279],{"class":273},[53,14056,101],{"class":67},[53,14058,14059,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14060,12732],{"class":59},[53,14062,191],{"class":67},[53,14064,68],{"class":67},[53,14066,156],{"class":71},[53,14068,464],{"class":75},[53,14070,156],{"class":71},[53,14072,191],{"class":67},[53,14074,4858],{"class":273},[53,14076,81],{"class":67},[53,14078,165],{"class":71},[53,14080,637],{"class":75},[53,14082,156],{"class":71},[53,14084,191],{"class":67},[53,14086,7155],{"class":273},[53,14088,101],{"class":67},[39,14090,2185],{"id":2184},[20,14092,14093,14094,191],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14095,11799],{},[193,14097,14098,14105,14110,14115],{},[196,14099,7785,14100,10458,14102,14104],{},[15,14101,64],{},[15,14103,12140],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[196,14106,3937,14107,14109],{},[15,14108,12140],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[196,14111,14112,14113],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14114,12140],{},[196,14116,14117],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14119,14120],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[44,14122,14124],{"className":46,"code":14123,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14125,14126,14136,14146,14160,14183,14206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14127,14128,14130,14132,14134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14129,132],{"class":131},[53,14131,116],{"class":67},[53,14133,11497],{"class":112},[53,14135,125],{"class":67},[53,14137,14138,14140,14142,14144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14139,132],{"class":131},[53,14141,116],{"class":67},[53,14143,13690],{"class":112},[53,14145,125],{"class":67},[53,14147,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,14149,132],{"class":131},[53,14151,116],{"class":67},[53,14153,11450],{"class":112},[53,14155,11558],{"class":1105},[53,14157,13744],{"class":112},[53,14159,125],{"class":67},[53,14161,14162,14164,14166,14168,14170,14172,14174,14177,14179,14181],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,14163,132],{"class":131},[53,14165,116],{"class":67},[53,14167,12014],{"class":131},[53,14169,116],{"class":67},[53,14171,11497],{"class":112},[53,14173,8602],{"class":67},[53,14175,14176],{"class":131}," id",[53,14178,116],{"class":67},[53,14180,13690],{"class":112},[53,14182,1377],{"class":67},[53,14184,14185,14187,14189,14191,14193,14195,14197,14199,14202,14204],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,14186,132],{"class":131},[53,14188,116],{"class":67},[53,14190,12014],{"class":131},[53,14192,116],{"class":67},[53,14194,11497],{"class":112},[53,14196,3260],{"class":67},[53,14198,72],{"class":71},[53,14200,14201],{"class":75},"key",[53,14203,72],{"class":71},[53,14205,2354],{"class":67},[53,14207,14208,14210,14212,14214,14216,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,14209,132],{"class":131},[53,14211,116],{"class":67},[53,14213,12014],{"class":131},[53,14215,116],{"class":67},[53,14217,13690],{"class":112},[53,14219,3260],{"class":67},[53,14221,72],{"class":71},[53,14223,14201],{"class":75},[53,14225,72],{"class":71},[53,14227,2354],{"class":67},[20,14229,14230],{},"What these help you check:",[193,14232,14233,14236,14239],{},[196,14234,14235],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[196,14237,14238],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[196,14240,14241],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14243,14244,14245,37],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[464,14246,14248],{"href":14247},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[39,14250,1187],{"id":1186},[599,14252,1191,14254,14256],{"id":14253},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14255,11799],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14258,14259],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[599,14261,14263,14264,14266],{"id":14262},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14265,11799],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14268,14269],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[599,14271,4538,14273,594,14275,1222],{"id":14272},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14274,12140],{},[15,14276,64],{},[20,14278,14279,14281,14282,14284],{},[15,14280,12140],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14283,64],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[599,14286,14288],{"id":14287},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14290,14291],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[39,14293,1244],{"id":1243},[193,14295,14296,14300,14304,14308,14315,14321],{},[196,14297,14298],{},[464,14299,10609],{"href":12390},[196,14301,14302],{},[464,14303,8524],{"href":12387},[196,14305,14306],{},[464,14307,13150],{"href":13149},[196,14309,14310],{},[464,14311,10104,14312,830],{"href":13392},[15,14313,14314],{},"update()",[196,14316,14317],{},[464,14318,10104,14319,830],{"href":12187},[15,14320,10687],{},[196,14322,14323],{},[464,14324,14325],{"href":14247},"How to copy a list in Python",[1276,14327,14328],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":14330},[14331,14332,14334,14335,14336,14337,14339,14345,14346,14347,14356],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":12359,"depth":104,"text":14333},"What the copy() method does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":12792,"depth":104,"text":12793},{"id":13153,"depth":104,"text":14338},"When to use copy()",{"id":13402,"depth":104,"text":14340,"children":14341},"copy() vs assignment",[14342,14343],{"id":13419,"depth":128,"text":13420},{"id":13627,"depth":128,"text":14344},"Using copy()",{"id":13858,"depth":104,"text":13859},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":14348},[14349,14351,14353,14355],{"id":14253,"depth":128,"text":14350},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14262,"depth":128,"text":14352},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14272,"depth":128,"text":14354},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14287,"depth":128,"text":14288},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12193,"description":14357},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14364,"title":14365,"body":14366,"description":16562,"extension":1312,"meta":16563,"navigation":383,"path":12390,"seo":16564,"stem":16565,"__hash__":16566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14367,"toc":16524},[14368,14371,14377,14386,14388,14464,14468,14517,14520,14524,14538,14541,14545,14558,14561,14594,14608,14611,14623,14627,14630,14638,14718,14722,14775,14779,14797,14799,14881,14884,14886,14889,14892,14915,14939,14943,14951,14954,14958,14967,14972,15029,15033,15066,15072,15078,15081,15136,15140,15190,15193,15199,15202,15210,15212,15257,15262,15271,15274,15277,15324,15326,15331,15334,15428,15432,15485,15488,15544,15547,15551,15554,15568,15572,15638,15642,15667,15670,15674,15752,15756,15759,15762,15782,15785,15838,15842,15845,15848,15861,15863,15952,15959,15962,15973,15975,15978,15998,16002,16004,16013,16015,16054,16058,16060,16069,16078,16080,16118,16122,16169,16173,16194,16198,16201,16313,16318,16416,16438,16440,16444,16451,16455,16461,16465,16468,16472,16475,16482,16490,16492,16518,16521],[10,14369,14365],{"id":14370},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14372,14373,14374,14376],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[30,14375,8500],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14378,14379,14380,1219,14382,37],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[464,14381,8524],{"href":8523},[464,14383,14385],{"href":14384},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[39,14387,42],{"id":41},[44,14389,14391],{"className":46,"code":14390,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14392,14393,14401,14419,14433,14446,14450,14454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14394,14395,14397,14399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14396,12227],{"class":59},[53,14398,64],{"class":63},[53,14400,10857],{"class":67},[53,14402,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14413,14415,14417],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14404,10862],{"class":71},[53,14406,7032],{"class":75},[53,14408,72],{"class":71},[53,14410,191],{"class":67},[53,14412,84],{"class":71},[53,14414,12244],{"class":75},[53,14416,72],{"class":71},[53,14418,10878],{"class":67},[53,14420,14421,14423,14425,14427,14429,14431],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,14422,10862],{"class":71},[53,14424,8667],{"class":75},[53,14426,72],{"class":71},[53,14428,191],{"class":67},[53,14430,7155],{"class":273},[53,14432,10878],{"class":67},[53,14434,14435,14437,14440,14442,14444],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,14436,10862],{"class":71},[53,14438,14439],{"class":75},"is_active",[53,14441,72],{"class":71},[53,14443,191],{"class":67},[53,14445,5785],{"class":938},[53,14447,14448],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,14449,101],{"class":67},[53,14451,14452],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,14453,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,14455,14456,14458,14460,14462],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,14457,132],{"class":131},[53,14459,116],{"class":67},[53,14461,12985],{"class":112},[53,14463,125],{"class":67},[20,14465,14466],{},[30,14467,772],{},[44,14469,14471],{"className":46,"code":14470,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14472,14473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14474,14475,14477,14479,14481,14483,14485,14487,14489,14491,14493,14495,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14476,153],{"class":67},[53,14478,156],{"class":71},[53,14480,7032],{"class":75},[53,14482,156],{"class":71},[53,14484,191],{"class":67},[53,14486,165],{"class":71},[53,14488,12244],{"class":75},[53,14490,156],{"class":71},[53,14492,81],{"class":67},[53,14494,165],{"class":71},[53,14496,8667],{"class":75},[53,14498,156],{"class":71},[53,14500,191],{"class":67},[53,14502,7155],{"class":273},[53,14504,81],{"class":67},[53,14506,165],{"class":71},[53,14508,14439],{"class":75},[53,14510,156],{"class":71},[53,14512,191],{"class":67},[53,14514,3276],{"class":938},[53,14516,101],{"class":67},[20,14518,14519],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[39,14521,14523],{"id":14522},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[193,14525,14526,14529,14532,14535],{},[196,14527,14528],{},"What a dictionary is",[196,14530,14531],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[196,14533,14534],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[196,14536,14537],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[39,14539,14528],{"id":14540},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14542,8497,14543,37],{},[30,14544,8500],{},[193,14546,14547,14553],{},[196,14548,14549,14550,14552],{},"A ",[30,14551,14201],{}," is the label",[196,14554,14549,14555,14557],{},[30,14556,236],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14559,14560],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[44,14562,14564],{"className":46,"code":14563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14565,14566,14574,14590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14567,14568,14570,14572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14569,12227],{"class":59},[53,14571,64],{"class":63},[53,14573,10857],{"class":67},[53,14575,14576,14578,14580,14582,14584,14586,14588],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14577,10862],{"class":71},[53,14579,7032],{"class":75},[53,14581,72],{"class":71},[53,14583,191],{"class":67},[53,14585,84],{"class":71},[53,14587,12244],{"class":75},[53,14589,2715],{"class":71},[53,14591,14592],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,14593,101],{"class":67},[193,14595,14596,14602],{},[196,14597,14598,14601],{},[15,14599,14600],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[196,14603,14604,14607],{},[15,14605,14606],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14609,14610],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[193,14612,14613,14615,14617,14620],{},[196,14614,7032],{},[196,14616,8667],{},[196,14618,14619],{},"email",[196,14621,14622],{},"country",[39,14624,14626],{"id":14625},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14628,14629],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14631,174,14632,14634,14635,37],{},[15,14633,3152],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14636,14637],{},"key: value",[44,14639,14641],{"className":46,"code":14640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14642,14643,14651,14669,14683,14700,14704,14708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14644,14645,14647,14649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14646,12227],{"class":59},[53,14648,64],{"class":63},[53,14650,10857],{"class":67},[53,14652,14653,14655,14657,14659,14661,14663,14665,14667],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14654,10862],{"class":71},[53,14656,7032],{"class":75},[53,14658,72],{"class":71},[53,14660,191],{"class":67},[53,14662,84],{"class":71},[53,14664,12244],{"class":75},[53,14666,72],{"class":71},[53,14668,10878],{"class":67},[53,14670,14671,14673,14675,14677,14679,14681],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,14672,10862],{"class":71},[53,14674,8667],{"class":75},[53,14676,72],{"class":71},[53,14678,191],{"class":67},[53,14680,7155],{"class":273},[53,14682,10878],{"class":67},[53,14684,14685,14687,14690,14692,14694,14696,14698],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,14686,10862],{"class":71},[53,14688,14689],{"class":75},"course",[53,14691,72],{"class":71},[53,14693,191],{"class":67},[53,14695,84],{"class":71},[53,14697,6660],{"class":75},[53,14699,2715],{"class":71},[53,14701,14702],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,14703,101],{"class":67},[53,14705,14706],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,14707,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,14709,14710,14712,14714,14716],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,14711,132],{"class":131},[53,14713,116],{"class":67},[53,14715,12985],{"class":112},[53,14717,125],{"class":67},[20,14719,14720],{},[30,14721,772],{},[44,14723,14725],{"className":46,"code":14724,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14726,14727],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14728,14729,14731,14733,14735,14737,14739,14741,14743,14745,14747,14749,14751,14753,14755,14757,14759,14761,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14730,153],{"class":67},[53,14732,156],{"class":71},[53,14734,7032],{"class":75},[53,14736,156],{"class":71},[53,14738,191],{"class":67},[53,14740,165],{"class":71},[53,14742,12244],{"class":75},[53,14744,156],{"class":71},[53,14746,81],{"class":67},[53,14748,165],{"class":71},[53,14750,8667],{"class":75},[53,14752,156],{"class":71},[53,14754,191],{"class":67},[53,14756,7155],{"class":273},[53,14758,81],{"class":67},[53,14760,165],{"class":71},[53,14762,14689],{"class":75},[53,14764,156],{"class":71},[53,14766,191],{"class":67},[53,14768,165],{"class":71},[53,14770,6660],{"class":75},[53,14772,156],{"class":71},[53,14774,101],{"class":67},[599,14776,14778],{"id":14777},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[193,14780,14781,14786,14791,14794],{},[196,14782,174,14783,14785],{},[15,14784,3152],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[196,14787,14788,14789],{},"Write each item as ",[15,14790,14637],{},[196,14792,14793],{},"Separate items with commas",[196,14795,14796],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,14798,1559],{},[44,14800,14802],{"className":46,"code":14801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,14803,14804,14813,14833,14849,14862,14866,14870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14805,14806,14809,14811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14807,14808],{"class":59},"book ",[53,14810,64],{"class":63},[53,14812,10857],{"class":67},[53,14814,14815,14817,14820,14822,14824,14826,14829,14831],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14816,10862],{"class":71},[53,14818,14819],{"class":75},"title",[53,14821,72],{"class":71},[53,14823,191],{"class":67},[53,14825,84],{"class":71},[53,14827,14828],{"class":75},"Python Basics",[53,14830,72],{"class":71},[53,14832,10878],{"class":67},[53,14834,14835,14837,14840,14842,14844,14847],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,14836,10862],{"class":71},[53,14838,14839],{"class":75},"pages",[53,14841,72],{"class":71},[53,14843,191],{"class":67},[53,14845,14846],{"class":273}," 150",[53,14848,10878],{"class":67},[53,14850,14851,14853,14856,14858,14860],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,14852,10862],{"class":71},[53,14854,14855],{"class":75},"available",[53,14857,72],{"class":71},[53,14859,191],{"class":67},[53,14861,5785],{"class":938},[53,14863,14864],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,14865,101],{"class":67},[53,14867,14868],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,14869,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,14871,14872,14874,14876,14879],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,14873,132],{"class":131},[53,14875,116],{"class":67},[53,14877,14878],{"class":112},"book",[53,14880,125],{"class":67},[20,14882,14883],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[39,14885,8770],{"id":8769},[20,14887,14888],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,14890,14891],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[44,14893,14895],{"className":46,"code":14894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,14896,14897,14905],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14898,14899,14901,14903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14900,8534],{"class":59},[53,14902,64],{"class":63},[53,14904,9205],{"class":67},[53,14906,14907,14909,14911,14913],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14908,132],{"class":131},[53,14910,116],{"class":67},[53,14912,8573],{"class":112},[53,14914,125],{"class":67},[44,14916,14917],{"className":46,"code":8773,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,14918,14919,14929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14920,14921,14923,14925,14927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14922,8534],{"class":59},[53,14924,64],{"class":63},[53,14926,8539],{"class":550},[53,14928,8011],{"class":67},[53,14930,14931,14933,14935,14937],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14932,132],{"class":131},[53,14934,116],{"class":67},[53,14936,8573],{"class":112},[53,14938,125],{"class":67},[20,14940,14941],{},[30,14942,772],{},[44,14944,14945],{"className":46,"code":8802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,14946,14947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14948,14949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14950,8802],{"class":67},[20,14952,14953],{},"Both are correct.",[599,14955,14957],{"id":14956},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,14959,14960,14962,14963,14966],{},[15,14961,3152],{}," creates an empty ",[30,14964,14965],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,14968,14969,14970,37],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,14971,3157],{},[44,14973,14975],{"className":46,"code":14974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,14976,14977,14985,14997,15001,15015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,14978,14979,14981,14983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,14980,11089],{"class":59},[53,14982,64],{"class":63},[53,14984,9205],{"class":67},[53,14986,14987,14990,14992,14995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,14988,14989],{"class":59},"my_set ",[53,14991,64],{"class":63},[53,14993,14994],{"class":550}," set",[53,14996,8011],{"class":67},[53,14998,14999],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15000,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15002,15003,15005,15007,15009,15011,15013],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15004,132],{"class":131},[53,15006,116],{"class":67},[53,15008,2578],{"class":550},[53,15010,116],{"class":67},[53,15012,10815],{"class":112},[53,15014,1377],{"class":67},[53,15016,15017,15019,15021,15023,15025,15027],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15018,132],{"class":131},[53,15020,116],{"class":67},[53,15022,2578],{"class":550},[53,15024,116],{"class":67},[53,15026,227],{"class":112},[53,15028,1377],{"class":67},[20,15030,15031],{},[30,15032,772],{},[44,15034,15036],{"className":46,"code":15035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15037,15038,15052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15039,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15041,2647],{"class":63},[53,15043,2650],{"class":1415},[53,15045,165],{"class":71},[53,15047,8189],{"class":75},[53,15049,156],{"class":71},[53,15051,2659],{"class":63},[53,15053,15054,15056,15058,15060,15062,15064],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15055,2647],{"class":63},[53,15057,2650],{"class":1415},[53,15059,165],{"class":71},[53,15061,5649],{"class":75},[53,15063,156],{"class":71},[53,15065,2659],{"class":63},[39,15067,15069,15070],{"id":15068},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15071,8488],{},[20,15073,15074,15075,15077],{},"You can also use ",[15,15076,8488],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15079,15080],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[44,15082,15084],{"className":46,"code":15083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15085,15086,15126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15087,15088,15090,15092,15094,15096,15098,15100,15102,15104,15106,15108,15110,15112,15115,15117,15120,15122,15124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15089,12227],{"class":59},[53,15091,64],{"class":63},[53,15093,8539],{"class":550},[53,15095,116],{"class":67},[53,15097,7032],{"class":8544},[53,15099,64],{"class":63},[53,15101,72],{"class":71},[53,15103,12244],{"class":75},[53,15105,72],{"class":71},[53,15107,81],{"class":67},[53,15109,8557],{"class":8544},[53,15111,64],{"class":63},[53,15113,15114],{"class":273},"20",[53,15116,81],{"class":67},[53,15118,15119],{"class":8544}," active",[53,15121,64],{"class":63},[53,15123,2963],{"class":938},[53,15125,125],{"class":67},[53,15127,15128,15130,15132,15134],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15129,132],{"class":131},[53,15131,116],{"class":67},[53,15133,12985],{"class":112},[53,15135,125],{"class":67},[20,15137,15138],{},[30,15139,772],{},[44,15141,15143],{"className":46,"code":15142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15144,15145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15146,15147,15149,15151,15153,15155,15157,15159,15161,15163,15165,15167,15169,15171,15173,15175,15177,15179,15182,15184,15186,15188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15148,153],{"class":67},[53,15150,156],{"class":71},[53,15152,7032],{"class":75},[53,15154,156],{"class":71},[53,15156,191],{"class":67},[53,15158,165],{"class":71},[53,15160,12244],{"class":75},[53,15162,156],{"class":71},[53,15164,81],{"class":67},[53,15166,165],{"class":71},[53,15168,8667],{"class":75},[53,15170,156],{"class":71},[53,15172,191],{"class":67},[53,15174,7155],{"class":273},[53,15176,81],{"class":67},[53,15178,165],{"class":71},[53,15180,15181],{"class":75},"active",[53,15183,156],{"class":71},[53,15185,191],{"class":67},[53,15187,3276],{"class":938},[53,15189,101],{"class":67},[20,15191,15192],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[599,15194,15196,15197],{"id":15195},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15198,8488],{},[20,15200,15201],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[193,15203,15204,15207],{},[196,15205,15206],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[196,15208,15209],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15211,6051],{},[44,15213,15215],{"className":46,"code":15214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15216,15217,15247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15218,15219,15221,15223,15225,15227,15229,15231,15233,15235,15237,15239,15241,15243,15245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15220,10852],{"class":59},[53,15222,64],{"class":63},[53,15224,8539],{"class":550},[53,15226,116],{"class":67},[53,15228,7032],{"class":8544},[53,15230,64],{"class":63},[53,15232,72],{"class":71},[53,15234,7041],{"class":75},[53,15236,72],{"class":71},[53,15238,81],{"class":67},[53,15240,8557],{"class":8544},[53,15242,64],{"class":63},[53,15244,8562],{"class":273},[53,15246,125],{"class":67},[53,15248,15249,15251,15253,15255],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15250,132],{"class":131},[53,15252,116],{"class":67},[53,15254,10946],{"class":112},[53,15256,125],{"class":67},[20,15258,3986,15259,15261],{},[30,15260,461],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[44,15263,15265],{"className":46,"code":15264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15266,15267],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15268,15269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15270,15264],{"class":3024},[20,15272,15273],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15275,15276],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[44,15278,15280],{"className":46,"code":15279,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15281,15282,15290,15306,15310,15314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15283,15284,15286,15288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15285,10852],{"class":59},[53,15287,64],{"class":63},[53,15289,10857],{"class":67},[53,15291,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302,15304],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15293,10862],{"class":71},[53,15295,9862],{"class":75},[53,15297,72],{"class":71},[53,15299,191],{"class":67},[53,15301,84],{"class":71},[53,15303,7041],{"class":75},[53,15305,2715],{"class":71},[53,15307,15308],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15309,101],{"class":67},[53,15311,15312],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15313,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15315,15316,15318,15320,15322],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15317,132],{"class":131},[53,15319,116],{"class":67},[53,15321,10946],{"class":112},[53,15323,125],{"class":67},[39,15325,8812],{"id":8811},[20,15327,15328,15330],{},[15,15329,8488],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15332,15333],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[44,15335,15337],{"className":46,"code":15336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15338,15339,15396,15400,15414,15418],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15340,15341,15343,15345,15347,15349,15351,15353,15355,15357,15359,15361,15363,15365,15367,15369,15371,15373,15375,15377,15379,15381,15383,15385,15387,15389,15392,15394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15342,8584],{"class":59},[53,15344,64],{"class":63},[53,15346,8589],{"class":67},[53,15348,72],{"class":71},[53,15350,7032],{"class":75},[53,15352,72],{"class":71},[53,15354,81],{"class":67},[53,15356,84],{"class":71},[53,15358,12244],{"class":75},[53,15360,72],{"class":71},[53,15362,8602],{"class":67},[53,15364,8605],{"class":67},[53,15366,72],{"class":71},[53,15368,8667],{"class":75},[53,15370,72],{"class":71},[53,15372,81],{"class":67},[53,15374,7155],{"class":273},[53,15376,8602],{"class":67},[53,15378,8605],{"class":67},[53,15380,72],{"class":71},[53,15382,9776],{"class":75},[53,15384,72],{"class":71},[53,15386,81],{"class":67},[53,15388,84],{"class":71},[53,15390,15391],{"class":75},"Lima",[53,15393,72],{"class":71},[53,15395,8618],{"class":67},[53,15397,15398],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15399,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15401,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15403,12227],{"class":59},[53,15405,64],{"class":63},[53,15407,8539],{"class":550},[53,15409,116],{"class":67},[53,15411,8631],{"class":112},[53,15413,125],{"class":67},[53,15415,15416],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15417,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15419,15420,15422,15424,15426],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15421,132],{"class":131},[53,15423,116],{"class":67},[53,15425,12985],{"class":112},[53,15427,125],{"class":67},[20,15429,15430],{},[30,15431,772],{},[44,15433,15435],{"className":46,"code":15434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15436,15437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15438,15439,15441,15443,15445,15447,15449,15451,15453,15455,15457,15459,15461,15463,15465,15467,15469,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15440,153],{"class":67},[53,15442,156],{"class":71},[53,15444,7032],{"class":75},[53,15446,156],{"class":71},[53,15448,191],{"class":67},[53,15450,165],{"class":71},[53,15452,12244],{"class":75},[53,15454,156],{"class":71},[53,15456,81],{"class":67},[53,15458,165],{"class":71},[53,15460,8667],{"class":75},[53,15462,156],{"class":71},[53,15464,191],{"class":67},[53,15466,7155],{"class":273},[53,15468,81],{"class":67},[53,15470,165],{"class":71},[53,15472,9776],{"class":75},[53,15474,156],{"class":71},[53,15476,191],{"class":67},[53,15478,165],{"class":71},[53,15480,15391],{"class":75},[53,15482,156],{"class":71},[53,15484,101],{"class":67},[20,15486,15487],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[44,15489,15491],{"className":46,"code":15490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15492,15493,15534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15494,15495,15497,15499,15501,15504,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15496,12227],{"class":59},[53,15498,64],{"class":63},[53,15500,8539],{"class":550},[53,15502,15503],{"class":67},"(((",[53,15505,72],{"class":71},[53,15507,7032],{"class":75},[53,15509,72],{"class":71},[53,15511,81],{"class":67},[53,15513,84],{"class":71},[53,15515,12244],{"class":75},[53,15517,72],{"class":71},[53,15519,8602],{"class":67},[53,15521,8605],{"class":67},[53,15523,72],{"class":71},[53,15525,8667],{"class":75},[53,15527,72],{"class":71},[53,15529,81],{"class":67},[53,15531,7155],{"class":273},[53,15533,2267],{"class":67},[53,15535,15536,15538,15540,15542],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15537,132],{"class":131},[53,15539,116],{"class":67},[53,15541,12985],{"class":112},[53,15543,125],{"class":67},[20,15545,15546],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[39,15548,15550],{"id":15549},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15552,15553],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[193,15555,15556,15559,15562,15565],{},[196,15557,15558],{},"Keys must be unique",[196,15560,15561],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[196,15563,15564],{},"Values can repeat",[196,15566,15567],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[599,15569,15571],{"id":15570},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[44,15573,15575],{"className":46,"code":15574,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15576,15577,15585,15603,15620,15624,15628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15578,15579,15581,15583],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15580,8534],{"class":59},[53,15582,64],{"class":63},[53,15584,10857],{"class":67},[53,15586,15587,15589,15591,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15588,10862],{"class":71},[53,15590,7032],{"class":75},[53,15592,72],{"class":71},[53,15594,191],{"class":67},[53,15596,84],{"class":71},[53,15598,12244],{"class":75},[53,15600,72],{"class":71},[53,15602,10878],{"class":67},[53,15604,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15618],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15606,10862],{"class":71},[53,15608,7032],{"class":75},[53,15610,72],{"class":71},[53,15612,191],{"class":67},[53,15614,84],{"class":71},[53,15616,15617],{"class":75},"Maria",[53,15619,2715],{"class":71},[53,15621,15622],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15623,101],{"class":67},[53,15625,15626],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15627,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15629,15630,15632,15634,15636],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,15631,132],{"class":131},[53,15633,116],{"class":67},[53,15635,8573],{"class":112},[53,15637,125],{"class":67},[20,15639,15640],{},[30,15641,772],{},[44,15643,15645],{"className":46,"code":15644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15646,15647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15648,15649,15651,15653,15655,15657,15659,15661,15663,15665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15650,153],{"class":67},[53,15652,156],{"class":71},[53,15654,7032],{"class":75},[53,15656,156],{"class":71},[53,15658,191],{"class":67},[53,15660,165],{"class":71},[53,15662,15617],{"class":75},[53,15664,156],{"class":71},[53,15666,101],{"class":67},[20,15668,15669],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[599,15671,15673],{"id":15672},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[44,15675,15677],{"className":46,"code":15676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15678,15679,15687,15703,15719,15733,15737,15741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15680,15681,15683,15685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15682,4422],{"class":59},[53,15684,64],{"class":63},[53,15686,10857],{"class":67},[53,15688,15689,15692,15694,15696,15699,15701],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15690,15691],{"class":273},"    1",[53,15693,191],{"class":67},[53,15695,84],{"class":71},[53,15697,15698],{"class":75},"low",[53,15700,72],{"class":71},[53,15702,10878],{"class":67},[53,15704,15705,15708,15710,15712,15715,15717],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15706,15707],{"class":273},"    2",[53,15709,191],{"class":67},[53,15711,84],{"class":71},[53,15713,15714],{"class":75},"medium",[53,15716,72],{"class":71},[53,15718,10878],{"class":67},[53,15720,15721,15724,15726,15728,15731],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15722,15723],{"class":273},"    3",[53,15725,191],{"class":67},[53,15727,84],{"class":71},[53,15729,15730],{"class":75},"high",[53,15732,2715],{"class":71},[53,15734,15735],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15736,101],{"class":67},[53,15738,15739],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,15740,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15742,15743,15745,15747,15750],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,15744,132],{"class":131},[53,15746,116],{"class":67},[53,15748,15749],{"class":112},"scores",[53,15751,125],{"class":67},[599,15753,15755],{"id":15754},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,15757,15758],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,15760,15761],{},"This will cause an error:",[44,15763,15765],{"className":46,"code":15764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,15766,15767,15772,15777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15768,15769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15770,15771],{"class":3024},"# bad = {\n",[53,15773,15774],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15775,15776],{"class":3024},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[53,15778,15779],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15780,15781],{"class":3024},"# }\n",[20,15783,15784],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[44,15786,15788],{"className":46,"code":15787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,15789,15790,15799,15819,15823,15827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15791,15792,15795,15797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15793,15794],{"class":59},"good ",[53,15796,64],{"class":63},[53,15798,10857],{"class":67},[53,15800,15801,15804,15806,15808,15810,15813,15815,15817],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15802,15803],{"class":67},"    (",[53,15805,274],{"class":273},[53,15807,81],{"class":67},[53,15809,279],{"class":273},[53,15811,15812],{"class":67},"):",[53,15814,84],{"class":71},[53,15816,291],{"class":75},[53,15818,2715],{"class":71},[53,15820,15821],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15822,101],{"class":67},[53,15824,15825],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15826,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15828,15829,15831,15833,15836],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15830,132],{"class":131},[53,15832,116],{"class":67},[53,15834,15835],{"class":112},"good",[53,15837,125],{"class":67},[39,15839,15841],{"id":15840},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,15843,15844],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,15846,15847],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[193,15849,15850,15853,15855,15858],{},[196,15851,15852],{},"user data",[196,15854,13244],{},[196,15856,15857],{},"counters",[196,15859,15860],{},"lookups",[20,15862,1559],{},[44,15864,15866],{"className":46,"code":15865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,15867,15868,15876,15895,15914,15926,15930,15934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,15869,15870,15872,15874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,15871,10852],{"class":59},[53,15873,64],{"class":63},[53,15875,10857],{"class":67},[53,15877,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888,15891,15893],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,15879,10862],{"class":71},[53,15881,7351],{"class":75},[53,15883,72],{"class":71},[53,15885,191],{"class":67},[53,15887,84],{"class":71},[53,15889,15890],{"class":75},"ana123",[53,15892,72],{"class":71},[53,15894,10878],{"class":67},[53,15896,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15910,15912],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,15898,10862],{"class":71},[53,15900,14619],{"class":75},[53,15902,72],{"class":71},[53,15904,191],{"class":67},[53,15906,84],{"class":71},[53,15908,15909],{"class":75},"ana@example.com",[53,15911,72],{"class":71},[53,15913,10878],{"class":67},[53,15915,15916,15918,15920,15922,15924],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,15917,10862],{"class":71},[53,15919,11879],{"class":75},[53,15921,72],{"class":71},[53,15923,191],{"class":67},[53,15925,5785],{"class":938},[53,15927,15928],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,15929,101],{"class":67},[53,15931,15932],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,15933,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,15935,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,15937,132],{"class":131},[53,15939,116],{"class":67},[53,15941,10946],{"class":112},[53,15943,3260],{"class":67},[53,15945,72],{"class":71},[53,15947,14619],{"class":75},[53,15949,72],{"class":71},[53,15951,3248],{"class":67},[20,15953,15954,15955,37],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[464,15956,15958],{"href":15957},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,15960,15961],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[193,15963,15964,15967,15970],{},[196,15965,15966],{},"labels are not needed",[196,15968,15969],{},"you mostly care about position",[196,15971,15972],{},"order matters more than named fields",[39,15974,2185],{"id":2184},[20,15976,15977],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[193,15979,15980,15983,15986,15989,15992],{},[196,15981,15982],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[196,15984,15985],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[196,15987,15988],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[196,15990,15991],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[196,15993,15994,15995,15997],{},"Mixing up ",[15,15996,3152],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[599,15999,16001],{"id":16000},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16003,852],{},[44,16005,16007],{"className":46,"code":16006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16008,16009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16010,16011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16012,16006],{"class":3024},[20,16014,941],{},[44,16016,16018],{"className":46,"code":16017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16019,16020,16044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16021,16022,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036,16038,16040,16042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16023,12227],{"class":59},[53,16025,64],{"class":63},[53,16027,68],{"class":67},[53,16029,72],{"class":71},[53,16031,7032],{"class":75},[53,16033,72],{"class":71},[53,16035,191],{"class":67},[53,16037,84],{"class":71},[53,16039,12244],{"class":75},[53,16041,72],{"class":71},[53,16043,101],{"class":67},[53,16045,16046,16048,16050,16052],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16047,132],{"class":131},[53,16049,116],{"class":67},[53,16051,12985],{"class":112},[53,16053,125],{"class":67},[599,16055,16057],{"id":16056},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16059,852],{},[44,16061,16063],{"className":46,"code":16062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16064,16065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16066,16067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16068,16062],{"class":3024},[20,16070,16071,16072,16074,16075,16077],{},"This only works if ",[15,16073,7032],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16076,14600],{},", use quotes.",[20,16079,941],{},[44,16081,16082],{"className":46,"code":16017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,16083,16084,16108],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16085,16086,16088,16090,16092,16094,16096,16098,16100,16102,16104,16106],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16087,12227],{"class":59},[53,16089,64],{"class":63},[53,16091,68],{"class":67},[53,16093,72],{"class":71},[53,16095,7032],{"class":75},[53,16097,72],{"class":71},[53,16099,191],{"class":67},[53,16101,84],{"class":71},[53,16103,12244],{"class":75},[53,16105,72],{"class":71},[53,16107,101],{"class":67},[53,16109,16110,16112,16114,16116],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16111,132],{"class":131},[53,16113,116],{"class":67},[53,16115,12985],{"class":112},[53,16117,125],{"class":67},[599,16119,16121],{"id":16120},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[44,16123,16125],{"className":46,"code":16124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16126,16127,16159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16128,16129,16131,16133,16135,16137,16139,16141,16143,16145,16147,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16130,8534],{"class":59},[53,16132,64],{"class":63},[53,16134,68],{"class":67},[53,16136,72],{"class":71},[53,16138,8667],{"class":75},[53,16140,72],{"class":71},[53,16142,191],{"class":67},[53,16144,7155],{"class":273},[53,16146,81],{"class":67},[53,16148,84],{"class":71},[53,16150,8667],{"class":75},[53,16152,72],{"class":71},[53,16154,191],{"class":67},[53,16156,7160],{"class":273},[53,16158,101],{"class":67},[53,16160,16161,16163,16165,16167],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16162,132],{"class":131},[53,16164,116],{"class":67},[53,16166,8573],{"class":112},[53,16168,125],{"class":67},[20,16170,16171],{},[30,16172,772],{},[44,16174,16176],{"className":46,"code":16175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16177,16178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16179,16180,16182,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16181,153],{"class":67},[53,16183,156],{"class":71},[53,16185,8667],{"class":75},[53,16187,156],{"class":71},[53,16189,191],{"class":67},[53,16191,7160],{"class":273},[53,16193,101],{"class":67},[39,16195,16197],{"id":16196},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16199,16200],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[44,16202,16204],{"className":46,"code":16203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16205,16206,16242,16246,16256,16270,16285,16299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16207,16208,16210,16212,16214,16216,16218,16220,16222,16224,16226,16228,16230,16232,16234,16236,16238,16240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16209,11089],{"class":59},[53,16211,64],{"class":63},[53,16213,68],{"class":67},[53,16215,72],{"class":71},[53,16217,7032],{"class":75},[53,16219,72],{"class":71},[53,16221,191],{"class":67},[53,16223,84],{"class":71},[53,16225,12244],{"class":75},[53,16227,72],{"class":71},[53,16229,81],{"class":67},[53,16231,84],{"class":71},[53,16233,8667],{"class":75},[53,16235,72],{"class":71},[53,16237,191],{"class":67},[53,16239,7155],{"class":273},[53,16241,101],{"class":67},[53,16243,16244],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16245,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,16247,16248,16250,16252,16254],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,16249,132],{"class":131},[53,16251,116],{"class":67},[53,16253,10815],{"class":112},[53,16255,125],{"class":67},[53,16257,16258,16260,16262,16264,16266,16268],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,16259,132],{"class":131},[53,16261,116],{"class":67},[53,16263,2578],{"class":550},[53,16265,116],{"class":67},[53,16267,10815],{"class":112},[53,16269,1377],{"class":67},[53,16271,16272,16274,16276,16278,16280,16283],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,16273,132],{"class":131},[53,16275,116],{"class":67},[53,16277,10815],{"class":112},[53,16279,37],{"class":67},[53,16281,16282],{"class":112},"keys",[53,16284,6557],{"class":67},[53,16286,16287,16289,16291,16293,16295,16297],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,16288,132],{"class":131},[53,16290,116],{"class":67},[53,16292,10815],{"class":112},[53,16294,37],{"class":67},[53,16296,4718],{"class":112},[53,16298,6557],{"class":67},[53,16300,16301,16303,16305,16307,16309,16311],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,16302,132],{"class":131},[53,16304,116],{"class":67},[53,16306,10528],{"class":131},[53,16308,116],{"class":67},[53,16310,10815],{"class":112},[53,16312,1377],{"class":67},[20,16314,16315],{},[30,16316,16317],{},"Example output:",[44,16319,16321],{"className":46,"code":16320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16322,16323,16355,16369,16392,16411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16324,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16349,16351,16353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16326,153],{"class":67},[53,16328,156],{"class":71},[53,16330,7032],{"class":75},[53,16332,156],{"class":71},[53,16334,191],{"class":67},[53,16336,165],{"class":71},[53,16338,12244],{"class":75},[53,16340,156],{"class":71},[53,16342,81],{"class":67},[53,16344,165],{"class":71},[53,16346,8667],{"class":75},[53,16348,156],{"class":71},[53,16350,191],{"class":67},[53,16352,7155],{"class":273},[53,16354,101],{"class":67},[53,16356,16357,16359,16361,16363,16365,16367],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16358,2647],{"class":63},[53,16360,2650],{"class":1415},[53,16362,165],{"class":71},[53,16364,8189],{"class":75},[53,16366,156],{"class":71},[53,16368,2659],{"class":63},[53,16370,16371,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,16372,16373],{"class":112},"dict_keys",[53,16375,2341],{"class":67},[53,16377,156],{"class":71},[53,16379,7032],{"class":75},[53,16381,156],{"class":71},[53,16383,81],{"class":67},[53,16385,165],{"class":71},[53,16387,8667],{"class":75},[53,16389,156],{"class":71},[53,16391,3248],{"class":67},[53,16393,16394,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,16395,16396],{"class":112},"dict_values",[53,16398,2341],{"class":67},[53,16400,156],{"class":71},[53,16402,12244],{"class":75},[53,16404,156],{"class":71},[53,16406,81],{"class":67},[53,16408,7155],{"class":273},[53,16410,3248],{"class":67},[53,16412,16413],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,16414,16415],{"class":273},"2\n",[20,16417,16418,16419,1540,16425,16431,16432,37],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[464,16420,10104,16422],{"href":16421},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16423,16424],{},"keys()",[464,16426,10104,16428],{"href":16427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16429,16430],{},"values()",", and ",[464,16433,10104,16435],{"href":16434},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16436,16437],{},"items()",[39,16439,1187],{"id":1186},[599,16441,16443],{"id":16442},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16445,174,16446,1219,16448,16450],{},[15,16447,3152],{},[15,16449,8488],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[599,16452,16454],{"id":16453},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16456,16457,16458,37],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16459,16460],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[599,16462,16464],{"id":16463},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16466,16467],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[599,16469,16471],{"id":16470},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16473,16474],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[599,16476,4538,16478,594,16480,1222],{"id":16477},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16479,3152],{},[15,16481,8488],{},[20,16483,16484,16486,16487,16489],{},[15,16485,3152],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16488,8488],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[39,16491,1244],{"id":1243},[193,16493,16494,16498,16504,16508,16514],{},[196,16495,16496],{},[464,16497,8524],{"href":8523},[196,16499,16500],{},[464,16501,10104,16502,830],{"href":10103},[15,16503,10107],{},[196,16505,16506],{},[464,16507,10618],{"href":10098},[196,16509,16510],{},[464,16511,16513],{"href":16512},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[196,16515,16516],{},[464,16517,579],{"href":578},[20,16519,16520],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1276,16522,16523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":16525},[16526,16527,16528,16529,16532,16535,16540,16541,16546,16547,16552,16553,16561],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":14540,"depth":104,"text":14528},{"id":14625,"depth":104,"text":14626,"children":16530},[16531],{"id":14777,"depth":128,"text":14778},{"id":8769,"depth":104,"text":8770,"children":16533},[16534],{"id":14956,"depth":128,"text":14957},{"id":15068,"depth":104,"text":16536,"children":16537},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16538],{"id":15195,"depth":128,"text":16539},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":8811,"depth":104,"text":8812},{"id":15549,"depth":104,"text":15550,"children":16542},[16543,16544,16545],{"id":15570,"depth":128,"text":15571},{"id":15672,"depth":128,"text":15673},{"id":15754,"depth":128,"text":15755},{"id":15840,"depth":104,"text":15841},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":16548},[16549,16550,16551],{"id":16000,"depth":128,"text":16001},{"id":16056,"depth":128,"text":16057},{"id":16120,"depth":128,"text":16121},{"id":16196,"depth":104,"text":16197},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":16554},[16555,16556,16557,16558,16559],{"id":16442,"depth":128,"text":16443},{"id":16453,"depth":128,"text":16454},{"id":16463,"depth":128,"text":16464},{"id":16470,"depth":128,"text":16471},{"id":16477,"depth":128,"text":16560},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14365,"description":16562},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16568,"title":16569,"body":16570,"description":19017,"extension":1312,"meta":19018,"navigation":383,"path":19019,"seo":19020,"stem":19021,"__hash__":19022},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16571,"toc":18973},[16572,16578,16584,16587,16590,16592,16674,16680,16685,16689,16707,16719,16724,16728,16751,16755,16767,16775,16779,16785,16787,16790,16863,16865,16910,16912,16929,16934,16940,16945,17019,17021,17066,17069,17080,17082,17201,17203,17256,17263,17267,17270,17287,17293,17297,17395,17397,17449,17456,17460,17466,17469,17472,17499,17504,17508,17511,17615,17617,17662,17665,17668,17673,17678,17689,17691,17752,17812,17818,17826,17832,17837,17842,17902,17906,17973,17976,17980,18051,18053,18066,18073,18075,18079,18083,18153,18155,18192,18195,18198,18261,18268,18271,18313,18323,18326,18395,18401,18406,18490,18492,18541,18548,18554,18599,18601,18634,18639,18643,18649,18688,18732,18800,18843,18845,18851,18854,18858,18863,18867,18870,18874,18876,18937,18939,18965,18970],[10,16573,10684,16575,18],{"id":16574},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16576,16577],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16579,16580,16583],{},[15,16581,16582],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16585,16586],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16588,16589],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[39,16591,42],{"id":41},[44,16593,16595],{"className":46,"code":16594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16596,16597,16630,16658,16669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16598,16599,16602,16604,16606,16608,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16600,16601],{"class":59},"keys ",[53,16603,64],{"class":63},[53,16605,2982],{"class":67},[53,16607,72],{"class":71},[53,16609,7032],{"class":75},[53,16611,72],{"class":71},[53,16613,81],{"class":67},[53,16615,84],{"class":71},[53,16617,8667],{"class":75},[53,16619,72],{"class":71},[53,16621,81],{"class":67},[53,16623,84],{"class":71},[53,16625,9776],{"class":75},[53,16627,72],{"class":71},[53,16629,2995],{"class":67},[53,16631,16632,16634,16636,16638,16640,16643,16645,16647,16649,16651,16654,16656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16633,12563],{"class":59},[53,16635,64],{"class":63},[53,16637,8539],{"class":550},[53,16639,37],{"class":67},[53,16641,16642],{"class":112},"fromkeys",[53,16644,116],{"class":67},[53,16646,16282],{"class":112},[53,16648,81],{"class":67},[53,16650,84],{"class":71},[53,16652,16653],{"class":75},"unknown",[53,16655,72],{"class":71},[53,16657,125],{"class":67},[53,16659,16660,16662,16664,16667],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,16661,132],{"class":131},[53,16663,116],{"class":67},[53,16665,16666],{"class":112},"person",[53,16668,125],{"class":67},[53,16670,16671],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,16672,16673],{"class":3024},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16675,174,16676,16679],{},[15,16677,16678],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[39,16681,183,16683,186],{"id":16682},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16684,16582],{},[20,16686,16687,191],{},[15,16688,16582],{},[193,16690,16691,16694,16697,16700],{},[196,16692,16693],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[196,16695,16696],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[196,16698,16699],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[196,16701,16702,16703,16706],{},"Is called as ",[15,16704,16705],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16708,16709,16710,16712,16713,16715,16716,37],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16711,8189],{},", so you write ",[15,16714,16705],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16717,16718],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16720,16721,16722,37],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[464,16723,8524],{"href":12387},[39,16725,16727],{"id":16726},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[44,16729,16731],{"className":46,"code":16730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16732,16733],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16734,16735,16737,16739,16741,16743,16745,16747,16749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16736,8189],{"class":550},[53,16738,37],{"class":67},[53,16740,16642],{"class":112},[53,16742,116],{"class":67},[53,16744,3081],{"class":112},[53,16746,81],{"class":67},[53,16748,7801],{"class":112},[53,16750,125],{"class":67},[599,16752,16754],{"id":16753},"parameters","Parameters",[193,16756,16757,16762],{},[196,16758,16759,16761],{},[15,16760,3081],{},": the keys to use",[196,16763,16764,16766],{},[15,16765,236],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,16768,16769,16770,16772,16773,37],{},"If you leave out ",[15,16771,236],{},", each key gets ",[15,16774,849],{},[599,16776,16778],{"id":16777},"return-value","Return value",[20,16780,16781,16782,37],{},"It returns a ",[30,16783,16784],{},"new dictionary",[39,16786,5148],{"id":5147},[20,16788,16789],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[44,16791,16793],{"className":46,"code":16792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,16794,16795,16827,16849,16853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16796,16797,16799,16801,16803,16805,16807,16809,16811,16813,16815,16817,16819,16821,16823,16825],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16798,16601],{"class":59},[53,16800,64],{"class":63},[53,16802,2982],{"class":67},[53,16804,72],{"class":71},[53,16806,76],{"class":75},[53,16808,72],{"class":71},[53,16810,81],{"class":67},[53,16812,84],{"class":71},[53,16814,96],{"class":75},[53,16816,72],{"class":71},[53,16818,81],{"class":67},[53,16820,84],{"class":71},[53,16822,87],{"class":75},[53,16824,72],{"class":71},[53,16826,2995],{"class":67},[53,16828,16829,16831,16833,16835,16837,16839,16841,16843,16845,16847],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16830,60],{"class":59},[53,16832,64],{"class":63},[53,16834,8539],{"class":550},[53,16836,37],{"class":67},[53,16838,16642],{"class":112},[53,16840,116],{"class":67},[53,16842,16282],{"class":112},[53,16844,81],{"class":67},[53,16846,3194],{"class":273},[53,16848,125],{"class":67},[53,16850,16851],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,16852,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,16854,16855,16857,16859,16861],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,16856,132],{"class":131},[53,16858,116],{"class":67},[53,16860,107],{"class":112},[53,16862,125],{"class":67},[20,16864,772],{},[44,16866,16868],{"className":46,"code":16867,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,16869,16870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16871,16872,16874,16876,16878,16880,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16896,16898,16900,16902,16904,16906,16908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16873,153],{"class":67},[53,16875,156],{"class":71},[53,16877,76],{"class":75},[53,16879,156],{"class":71},[53,16881,191],{"class":67},[53,16883,3194],{"class":273},[53,16885,81],{"class":67},[53,16887,165],{"class":71},[53,16889,96],{"class":75},[53,16891,156],{"class":71},[53,16893,191],{"class":67},[53,16895,3194],{"class":273},[53,16897,81],{"class":67},[53,16899,165],{"class":71},[53,16901,87],{"class":75},[53,16903,156],{"class":71},[53,16905,191],{"class":67},[53,16907,3194],{"class":273},[53,16909,101],{"class":67},[20,16911,11048],{},[193,16913,16914,16919,16924],{},[196,16915,16916,16918],{},[15,16917,16282],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[196,16920,16921,16923],{},[15,16922,1470],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[196,16925,16926,16928],{},[15,16927,16582],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,16930,16931,16932,37],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[464,16933,8759],{"href":12390},[39,16935,7785,16937,16939],{"id":16936},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,16938,16577],{}," without a value",[20,16941,16942,16943,37],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,16944,849],{},[44,16946,16948],{"className":46,"code":16947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,16949,16950,16984,17004,17008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,16951,16952,16955,16957,16959,16961,16963,16965,16967,16969,16971,16973,16975,16977,16980,16982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,16953,16954],{"class":59},"fields ",[53,16956,64],{"class":63},[53,16958,2982],{"class":67},[53,16960,72],{"class":71},[53,16962,7351],{"class":75},[53,16964,72],{"class":71},[53,16966,81],{"class":67},[53,16968,84],{"class":71},[53,16970,14619],{"class":75},[53,16972,72],{"class":71},[53,16974,81],{"class":67},[53,16976,84],{"class":71},[53,16978,16979],{"class":75},"password",[53,16981,72],{"class":71},[53,16983,2995],{"class":67},[53,16985,16986,16989,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17002],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,16987,16988],{"class":59},"user_data ",[53,16990,64],{"class":63},[53,16992,8539],{"class":550},[53,16994,37],{"class":67},[53,16996,16642],{"class":112},[53,16998,116],{"class":67},[53,17000,17001],{"class":112},"fields",[53,17003,125],{"class":67},[53,17005,17006],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,17007,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17009,17010,17012,17014,17017],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,17011,132],{"class":131},[53,17013,116],{"class":67},[53,17015,17016],{"class":112},"user_data",[53,17018,125],{"class":67},[20,17020,772],{},[44,17022,17024],{"className":46,"code":17023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17025,17026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17027,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17029,153],{"class":67},[53,17031,156],{"class":71},[53,17033,7351],{"class":75},[53,17035,156],{"class":71},[53,17037,191],{"class":67},[53,17039,3213],{"class":938},[53,17041,81],{"class":67},[53,17043,165],{"class":71},[53,17045,14619],{"class":75},[53,17047,156],{"class":71},[53,17049,191],{"class":67},[53,17051,3213],{"class":938},[53,17053,81],{"class":67},[53,17055,165],{"class":71},[53,17057,16979],{"class":75},[53,17059,156],{"class":71},[53,17061,191],{"class":67},[53,17063,3213],{"class":938},[53,17065,101],{"class":67},[20,17067,17068],{},"This is useful when:",[193,17070,17071,17074,17077],{},[196,17072,17073],{},"You want to create the keys first",[196,17075,17076],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[196,17078,17079],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17081,1559],{},[44,17083,17085],{"className":46,"code":17084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17086,17087,17119,17137,17141,17164,17187,17191],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17088,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101,17103,17105,17107,17109,17111,17113,17115,17117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17090,16954],{"class":59},[53,17092,64],{"class":63},[53,17094,2982],{"class":67},[53,17096,72],{"class":71},[53,17098,7351],{"class":75},[53,17100,72],{"class":71},[53,17102,81],{"class":67},[53,17104,84],{"class":71},[53,17106,14619],{"class":75},[53,17108,72],{"class":71},[53,17110,81],{"class":67},[53,17112,84],{"class":71},[53,17114,16979],{"class":75},[53,17116,72],{"class":71},[53,17118,2995],{"class":67},[53,17120,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17122,16988],{"class":59},[53,17124,64],{"class":63},[53,17126,8539],{"class":550},[53,17128,37],{"class":67},[53,17130,16642],{"class":112},[53,17132,116],{"class":67},[53,17134,17001],{"class":112},[53,17136,125],{"class":67},[53,17138,17139],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,17140,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17142,17143,17145,17147,17149,17151,17153,17155,17157,17159,17162],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,17144,17016],{"class":59},[53,17146,3260],{"class":67},[53,17148,72],{"class":71},[53,17150,7351],{"class":75},[53,17152,72],{"class":71},[53,17154,12632],{"class":67},[53,17156,12635],{"class":63},[53,17158,84],{"class":71},[53,17160,17161],{"class":75},"alice",[53,17163,2715],{"class":71},[53,17165,17166,17168,17170,17172,17174,17176,17178,17180,17182,17185],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,17167,17016],{"class":59},[53,17169,3260],{"class":67},[53,17171,72],{"class":71},[53,17173,14619],{"class":75},[53,17175,72],{"class":71},[53,17177,12632],{"class":67},[53,17179,12635],{"class":63},[53,17181,84],{"class":71},[53,17183,17184],{"class":75},"alice@example.com",[53,17186,2715],{"class":71},[53,17188,17189],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,17190,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17192,17193,17195,17197,17199],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,17194,132],{"class":131},[53,17196,116],{"class":67},[53,17198,17016],{"class":112},[53,17200,125],{"class":67},[20,17202,772],{},[44,17204,17206],{"className":46,"code":17205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17207,17208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17209,17210,17212,17214,17216,17218,17220,17222,17224,17226,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17211,153],{"class":67},[53,17213,156],{"class":71},[53,17215,7351],{"class":75},[53,17217,156],{"class":71},[53,17219,191],{"class":67},[53,17221,165],{"class":71},[53,17223,17161],{"class":75},[53,17225,156],{"class":71},[53,17227,81],{"class":67},[53,17229,165],{"class":71},[53,17231,14619],{"class":75},[53,17233,156],{"class":71},[53,17235,191],{"class":67},[53,17237,165],{"class":71},[53,17239,17184],{"class":75},[53,17241,156],{"class":71},[53,17243,81],{"class":67},[53,17245,165],{"class":71},[53,17247,16979],{"class":75},[53,17249,156],{"class":71},[53,17251,191],{"class":67},[53,17253,3213],{"class":938},[53,17255,101],{"class":67},[20,17257,17258,17259,37],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[464,17260,17262],{"href":17261},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[39,17264,17266],{"id":17265},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17268,17269],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[193,17271,17272,17277,17282],{},[196,17273,17274,17276],{},[15,17275,3147],{}," (list)",[196,17278,17279,17281],{},[15,17280,3152],{}," (dictionary)",[196,17283,17284,17286],{},[15,17285,3157],{}," (set)",[20,17288,17289,17290,37],{},"All keys will point to the ",[30,17291,17292],{},"same object",[599,17294,17296],{"id":17295},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[44,17298,17300],{"className":46,"code":17299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17301,17302,17334,17355,17359,17381,17385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17303,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318,17320,17322,17324,17326,17328,17330,17332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17305,16601],{"class":59},[53,17307,64],{"class":63},[53,17309,2982],{"class":67},[53,17311,72],{"class":71},[53,17313,464],{"class":75},[53,17315,72],{"class":71},[53,17317,81],{"class":67},[53,17319,84],{"class":71},[53,17321,637],{"class":75},[53,17323,72],{"class":71},[53,17325,81],{"class":67},[53,17327,84],{"class":71},[53,17329,646],{"class":75},[53,17331,72],{"class":71},[53,17333,2995],{"class":67},[53,17335,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17337,8534],{"class":59},[53,17339,64],{"class":63},[53,17341,8539],{"class":550},[53,17343,37],{"class":67},[53,17345,16642],{"class":112},[53,17347,116],{"class":67},[53,17349,16282],{"class":112},[53,17351,81],{"class":67},[53,17353,17354],{"class":67}," [])\n",[53,17356,17357],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,17358,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17360,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371,17373,17375,17377,17379],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,17362,8573],{"class":59},[53,17364,3260],{"class":67},[53,17366,72],{"class":71},[53,17368,464],{"class":75},[53,17370,72],{"class":71},[53,17372,12909],{"class":67},[53,17374,12912],{"class":112},[53,17376,116],{"class":67},[53,17378,274],{"class":273},[53,17380,125],{"class":67},[53,17382,17383],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,17384,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17386,17387,17389,17391,17393],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,17388,132],{"class":131},[53,17390,116],{"class":67},[53,17392,8573],{"class":112},[53,17394,125],{"class":67},[20,17396,772],{},[44,17398,17400],{"className":46,"code":17399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17401,17402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17403,17404,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17421,17423,17425,17427,17429,17431,17433,17435,17437,17439,17441,17443,17445,17447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17405,153],{"class":67},[53,17407,156],{"class":71},[53,17409,464],{"class":75},[53,17411,156],{"class":71},[53,17413,191],{"class":67},[53,17415,2982],{"class":67},[53,17417,274],{"class":273},[53,17419,17420],{"class":67},"],",[53,17422,165],{"class":71},[53,17424,637],{"class":75},[53,17426,156],{"class":71},[53,17428,191],{"class":67},[53,17430,2982],{"class":67},[53,17432,274],{"class":273},[53,17434,17420],{"class":67},[53,17436,165],{"class":71},[53,17438,646],{"class":75},[53,17440,156],{"class":71},[53,17442,191],{"class":67},[53,17444,2982],{"class":67},[53,17446,274],{"class":273},[53,17448,13065],{"class":67},[20,17450,17451,17452,17455],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17453,17454],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[599,17457,17459],{"id":17458},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17461,17462,17465],{},[15,17463,17464],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17467,17468],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17470,17471],{},"So this:",[44,17473,17475],{"className":46,"code":17474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17476,17477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17478,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493,17495,17497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17480,8573],{"class":59},[53,17482,3260],{"class":67},[53,17484,72],{"class":71},[53,17486,464],{"class":75},[53,17488,72],{"class":71},[53,17490,12909],{"class":67},[53,17492,12912],{"class":112},[53,17494,116],{"class":67},[53,17496,274],{"class":273},[53,17498,125],{"class":67},[20,17500,17501,17502,37],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17503,17454],{},[599,17505,17507],{"id":17506},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17509,17510],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[44,17512,17514],{"className":46,"code":17513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17515,17516,17548,17575,17579,17601,17605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17517,17518,17520,17522,17524,17526,17528,17530,17532,17534,17536,17538,17540,17542,17544,17546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17519,16601],{"class":59},[53,17521,64],{"class":63},[53,17523,2982],{"class":67},[53,17525,72],{"class":71},[53,17527,464],{"class":75},[53,17529,72],{"class":71},[53,17531,81],{"class":67},[53,17533,84],{"class":71},[53,17535,637],{"class":75},[53,17537,72],{"class":71},[53,17539,81],{"class":67},[53,17541,84],{"class":71},[53,17543,646],{"class":75},[53,17545,72],{"class":71},[53,17547,2995],{"class":67},[53,17549,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560,17563,17565,17568,17570,17573],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17551,8534],{"class":59},[53,17553,64],{"class":63},[53,17555,68],{"class":67},[53,17557,14201],{"class":59},[53,17559,191],{"class":67},[53,17561,17562],{"class":67}," []",[53,17564,3237],{"class":1105},[53,17566,17567],{"class":59}," key ",[53,17569,1067],{"class":1105},[53,17571,17572],{"class":59}," keys",[53,17574,101],{"class":67},[53,17576,17577],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,17578,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17580,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,17582,8573],{"class":59},[53,17584,3260],{"class":67},[53,17586,72],{"class":71},[53,17588,464],{"class":75},[53,17590,72],{"class":71},[53,17592,12909],{"class":67},[53,17594,12912],{"class":112},[53,17596,116],{"class":67},[53,17598,274],{"class":273},[53,17600,125],{"class":67},[53,17602,17603],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,17604,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,17606,17607,17609,17611,17613],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,17608,132],{"class":131},[53,17610,116],{"class":67},[53,17612,8573],{"class":112},[53,17614,125],{"class":67},[20,17616,772],{},[44,17618,17620],{"className":46,"code":17619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17621,17622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17623,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644,17646,17648,17651,17653,17655,17657,17659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17625,153],{"class":67},[53,17627,156],{"class":71},[53,17629,464],{"class":75},[53,17631,156],{"class":71},[53,17633,191],{"class":67},[53,17635,2982],{"class":67},[53,17637,274],{"class":273},[53,17639,17420],{"class":67},[53,17641,165],{"class":71},[53,17643,637],{"class":75},[53,17645,156],{"class":71},[53,17647,191],{"class":67},[53,17649,17650],{"class":67}," [],",[53,17652,165],{"class":71},[53,17654,646],{"class":75},[53,17656,156],{"class":71},[53,17658,191],{"class":67},[53,17660,17661],{"class":67}," []}\n",[20,17663,17664],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17666,17667],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[39,17669,4319,17671],{"id":17670},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17672,16577],{},[20,17674,17675,17677],{},[15,17676,16582],{}," is a good choice when:",[193,17679,17680,17683,17686],{},[196,17681,17682],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[196,17684,17685],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[196,17687,17688],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17690,1476],{},[44,17692,17694],{"className":46,"code":17693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17695,17696,17741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17697,17698,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17733,17735,17737,17739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17699,17700],{"class":59},"flags ",[53,17702,64],{"class":63},[53,17704,8539],{"class":550},[53,17706,37],{"class":67},[53,17708,16642],{"class":112},[53,17710,2341],{"class":67},[53,17712,72],{"class":71},[53,17714,17715],{"class":75},"is_admin",[53,17717,72],{"class":71},[53,17719,81],{"class":67},[53,17721,84],{"class":71},[53,17723,14439],{"class":75},[53,17725,72],{"class":71},[53,17727,81],{"class":67},[53,17729,84],{"class":71},[53,17731,17732],{"class":75},"is_verified",[53,17734,72],{"class":71},[53,17736,17420],{"class":67},[53,17738,3267],{"class":938},[53,17740,125],{"class":67},[53,17742,17743,17745,17747,17750],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17744,132],{"class":131},[53,17746,116],{"class":67},[53,17748,17749],{"class":112},"flags",[53,17751,125],{"class":67},[44,17753,17755],{"className":46,"code":17754,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,17756,17757,17802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17758,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17776,17778,17780,17782,17785,17787,17789,17791,17794,17796,17798,17800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17760,4422],{"class":59},[53,17762,64],{"class":63},[53,17764,8539],{"class":550},[53,17766,37],{"class":67},[53,17768,16642],{"class":112},[53,17770,2341],{"class":67},[53,17772,72],{"class":71},[53,17774,17775],{"class":75},"math",[53,17777,72],{"class":71},[53,17779,81],{"class":67},[53,17781,84],{"class":71},[53,17783,17784],{"class":75},"science",[53,17786,72],{"class":71},[53,17788,81],{"class":67},[53,17790,84],{"class":71},[53,17792,17793],{"class":75},"history",[53,17795,72],{"class":71},[53,17797,17420],{"class":67},[53,17799,3194],{"class":273},[53,17801,125],{"class":67},[53,17803,17804,17806,17808,17810],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17805,132],{"class":131},[53,17807,116],{"class":67},[53,17809,15749],{"class":112},[53,17811,125],{"class":67},[20,17813,17814,17815,17817],{},"It is ",[30,17816,461],{}," the best choice when:",[193,17819,17820,17823],{},[196,17821,17822],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[196,17824,17825],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[39,17827,17829,17831],{"id":17828},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,17830,16577],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,17833,17834,17836],{},[15,17835,16577],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[599,17838,7785,17840],{"id":17839},"using-fromkeys",[15,17841,16577],{},[44,17843,17845],{"className":46,"code":17844,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17846,17847,17892],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17848,17849,17851,17853,17855,17857,17859,17861,17863,17866,17868,17870,17872,17875,17877,17879,17881,17884,17886,17888,17890],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17850,13185],{"class":59},[53,17852,64],{"class":63},[53,17854,8539],{"class":550},[53,17856,37],{"class":67},[53,17858,16642],{"class":112},[53,17860,2341],{"class":67},[53,17862,72],{"class":71},[53,17864,17865],{"class":75},"sound",[53,17867,72],{"class":71},[53,17869,81],{"class":67},[53,17871,84],{"class":71},[53,17873,17874],{"class":75},"music",[53,17876,72],{"class":71},[53,17878,81],{"class":67},[53,17880,84],{"class":71},[53,17882,17883],{"class":75},"notifications",[53,17885,72],{"class":71},[53,17887,17420],{"class":67},[53,17889,3276],{"class":938},[53,17891,125],{"class":67},[53,17893,17894,17896,17898,17900],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17895,132],{"class":131},[53,17897,116],{"class":67},[53,17899,13244],{"class":112},[53,17901,125],{"class":67},[599,17903,17905],{"id":17904},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[44,17907,17909],{"className":46,"code":17908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,17910,17911,17919,17933,17947,17959,17963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17912,17913,17915,17917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17914,13185],{"class":59},[53,17916,64],{"class":63},[53,17918,10857],{"class":67},[53,17920,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,17922,10862],{"class":71},[53,17924,17865],{"class":75},[53,17926,72],{"class":71},[53,17928,191],{"class":67},[53,17930,3276],{"class":938},[53,17932,10878],{"class":67},[53,17934,17935,17937,17939,17941,17943,17945],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,17936,10862],{"class":71},[53,17938,17874],{"class":75},[53,17940,72],{"class":71},[53,17942,191],{"class":67},[53,17944,3267],{"class":938},[53,17946,10878],{"class":67},[53,17948,17949,17951,17953,17955,17957],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,17950,10862],{"class":71},[53,17952,17883],{"class":75},[53,17954,72],{"class":71},[53,17956,191],{"class":67},[53,17958,5785],{"class":938},[53,17960,17961],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,17962,101],{"class":67},[53,17964,17965,17967,17969,17971],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,17966,132],{"class":131},[53,17968,116],{"class":67},[53,17970,13244],{"class":112},[53,17972,125],{"class":67},[20,17974,17975],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[599,17977,17979],{"id":17978},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[44,17981,17983],{"className":46,"code":17982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,17984,17985,18017,18041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,17986,17987,17989,17991,17993,17995,17997,17999,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,17988,16601],{"class":59},[53,17990,64],{"class":63},[53,17992,2982],{"class":67},[53,17994,72],{"class":71},[53,17996,464],{"class":75},[53,17998,72],{"class":71},[53,18000,81],{"class":67},[53,18002,84],{"class":71},[53,18004,637],{"class":75},[53,18006,72],{"class":71},[53,18008,81],{"class":67},[53,18010,84],{"class":71},[53,18012,646],{"class":75},[53,18014,72],{"class":71},[53,18016,2995],{"class":67},[53,18018,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18029,18031,18033,18035,18037,18039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18020,8534],{"class":59},[53,18022,64],{"class":63},[53,18024,68],{"class":67},[53,18026,14201],{"class":59},[53,18028,191],{"class":67},[53,18030,17562],{"class":67},[53,18032,3237],{"class":1105},[53,18034,17567],{"class":59},[53,18036,1067],{"class":1105},[53,18038,17572],{"class":59},[53,18040,101],{"class":67},[53,18042,18043,18045,18047,18049],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,18044,132],{"class":131},[53,18046,116],{"class":67},[53,18048,8573],{"class":112},[53,18050,125],{"class":67},[20,18052,808],{},[193,18054,18055,18060,18063],{},[196,18056,18057,18059],{},[15,18058,16577],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[196,18061,18062],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[196,18064,18065],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18067,18068,18069,37],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[464,18070,10104,18071,830],{"href":13392},[15,18072,14314],{},[39,18074,2185],{"id":2184},[20,18076,14093,18077,37],{},[15,18078,16582],{},[599,18080,18082],{"id":18081},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[44,18084,18086],{"className":46,"code":18085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18087,18088,18121,18143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18089,18090,18093,18095,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18091,18092],{"class":59},"d ",[53,18094,64],{"class":63},[53,18096,8539],{"class":550},[53,18098,37],{"class":67},[53,18100,16642],{"class":112},[53,18102,2341],{"class":67},[53,18104,72],{"class":71},[53,18106,464],{"class":75},[53,18108,72],{"class":71},[53,18110,81],{"class":67},[53,18112,84],{"class":71},[53,18114,637],{"class":75},[53,18116,72],{"class":71},[53,18118,17420],{"class":67},[53,18120,17354],{"class":67},[53,18122,18123,18125,18127,18129,18131,18133,18135,18137,18139,18141],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18124,666],{"class":59},[53,18126,3260],{"class":67},[53,18128,72],{"class":71},[53,18130,464],{"class":75},[53,18132,72],{"class":71},[53,18134,12909],{"class":67},[53,18136,12912],{"class":112},[53,18138,116],{"class":67},[53,18140,274],{"class":273},[53,18142,125],{"class":67},[53,18144,18145,18147,18149,18151],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,18146,132],{"class":131},[53,18148,116],{"class":67},[53,18150,666],{"class":112},[53,18152,125],{"class":67},[20,18154,772],{},[44,18156,18158],{"className":46,"code":18157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18159,18160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18161,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184,18186,18188,18190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18163,153],{"class":67},[53,18165,156],{"class":71},[53,18167,464],{"class":75},[53,18169,156],{"class":71},[53,18171,191],{"class":67},[53,18173,2982],{"class":67},[53,18175,274],{"class":273},[53,18177,17420],{"class":67},[53,18179,165],{"class":71},[53,18181,637],{"class":75},[53,18183,156],{"class":71},[53,18185,191],{"class":67},[53,18187,2982],{"class":67},[53,18189,274],{"class":273},[53,18191,13065],{"class":67},[20,18193,18194],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18196,18197],{},"Use this instead:",[44,18199,18201],{"className":46,"code":18200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18202,18203,18227,18251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18204,18205,18207,18209,18211,18213,18215,18217,18219,18221,18223,18225],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18206,16601],{"class":59},[53,18208,64],{"class":63},[53,18210,2982],{"class":67},[53,18212,72],{"class":71},[53,18214,464],{"class":75},[53,18216,72],{"class":71},[53,18218,81],{"class":67},[53,18220,84],{"class":71},[53,18222,637],{"class":75},[53,18224,72],{"class":71},[53,18226,2995],{"class":67},[53,18228,18229,18231,18233,18235,18237,18239,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18230,18092],{"class":59},[53,18232,64],{"class":63},[53,18234,68],{"class":67},[53,18236,14201],{"class":59},[53,18238,191],{"class":67},[53,18240,17562],{"class":67},[53,18242,3237],{"class":1105},[53,18244,17567],{"class":59},[53,18246,1067],{"class":1105},[53,18248,17572],{"class":59},[53,18250,101],{"class":67},[53,18252,18253,18255,18257,18259],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,18254,132],{"class":131},[53,18256,116],{"class":67},[53,18258,666],{"class":112},[53,18260,125],{"class":67},[599,18262,18264,18265,18267],{"id":18263},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18266,16577],{}," on a list",[20,18269,18270],{},"Wrong idea:",[44,18272,18274],{"className":46,"code":18273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18275,18276,18308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18277,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300,18302,18304,18306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18279,16601],{"class":59},[53,18281,64],{"class":63},[53,18283,2982],{"class":67},[53,18285,72],{"class":71},[53,18287,464],{"class":75},[53,18289,72],{"class":71},[53,18291,81],{"class":67},[53,18293,84],{"class":71},[53,18295,637],{"class":75},[53,18297,72],{"class":71},[53,18299,81],{"class":67},[53,18301,84],{"class":71},[53,18303,646],{"class":75},[53,18305,72],{"class":71},[53,18307,2995],{"class":67},[53,18309,18310],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18311,18312],{"class":3024},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18314,18315,18317,18318,18320,18321,37],{},[15,18316,16577],{}," belongs to ",[15,18319,8189],{},", not ",[15,18322,7460],{},[20,18324,18325],{},"Correct usage:",[44,18327,18329],{"className":46,"code":18328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18330,18331,18363,18385],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18332,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359,18361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18334,16601],{"class":59},[53,18336,64],{"class":63},[53,18338,2982],{"class":67},[53,18340,72],{"class":71},[53,18342,464],{"class":75},[53,18344,72],{"class":71},[53,18346,81],{"class":67},[53,18348,84],{"class":71},[53,18350,637],{"class":75},[53,18352,72],{"class":71},[53,18354,81],{"class":67},[53,18356,84],{"class":71},[53,18358,646],{"class":75},[53,18360,72],{"class":71},[53,18362,2995],{"class":67},[53,18364,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18366,18092],{"class":59},[53,18368,64],{"class":63},[53,18370,8539],{"class":550},[53,18372,37],{"class":67},[53,18374,16642],{"class":112},[53,18376,116],{"class":67},[53,18378,16282],{"class":112},[53,18380,81],{"class":67},[53,18382,3194],{"class":273},[53,18384,125],{"class":67},[53,18386,18387,18389,18391,18393],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,18388,132],{"class":131},[53,18390,116],{"class":67},[53,18392,666],{"class":112},[53,18394,125],{"class":67},[599,18396,838,18398,18400],{"id":18397},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18399,16577],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18402,18403,18405],{},[15,18404,16582],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[44,18407,18409],{"className":46,"code":18408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18410,18411,18431,18465,18469,18479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18412,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18414,11450],{"class":59},[53,18416,64],{"class":63},[53,18418,68],{"class":67},[53,18420,72],{"class":71},[53,18422,1524],{"class":75},[53,18424,72],{"class":71},[53,18426,191],{"class":67},[53,18428,4858],{"class":273},[53,18430,101],{"class":67},[53,18432,18433,18435,18437,18439,18441,18443,18445,18447,18449,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18434,12402],{"class":59},[53,18436,64],{"class":63},[53,18438,8539],{"class":550},[53,18440,37],{"class":67},[53,18442,16642],{"class":112},[53,18444,2341],{"class":67},[53,18446,72],{"class":71},[53,18448,464],{"class":75},[53,18450,72],{"class":71},[53,18452,81],{"class":67},[53,18454,84],{"class":71},[53,18456,637],{"class":75},[53,18458,72],{"class":71},[53,18460,17420],{"class":67},[53,18462,3194],{"class":273},[53,18464,125],{"class":67},[53,18466,18467],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,18468,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,18470,18471,18473,18475,18477],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,18472,132],{"class":131},[53,18474,116],{"class":67},[53,18476,11497],{"class":112},[53,18478,125],{"class":67},[53,18480,18481,18483,18485,18488],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,18482,132],{"class":131},[53,18484,116],{"class":67},[53,18486,18487],{"class":112},"new_dict",[53,18489,125],{"class":67},[20,18491,772],{},[44,18493,18495],{"className":46,"code":18494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18496,18497,18513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18498,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18500,153],{"class":67},[53,18502,156],{"class":71},[53,18504,1524],{"class":75},[53,18506,156],{"class":71},[53,18508,191],{"class":67},[53,18510,4858],{"class":273},[53,18512,101],{"class":67},[53,18514,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18516,153],{"class":67},[53,18518,156],{"class":71},[53,18520,464],{"class":75},[53,18522,156],{"class":71},[53,18524,191],{"class":67},[53,18526,3194],{"class":273},[53,18528,81],{"class":67},[53,18530,165],{"class":71},[53,18532,637],{"class":75},[53,18534,156],{"class":71},[53,18536,191],{"class":67},[53,18538,3194],{"class":273},[53,18540,101],{"class":67},[20,18542,18543,18544,37],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[464,18545,10104,18546,830],{"href":13392},[15,18547,14314],{},[599,18549,18551,18552],{"id":18550},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18553,849],{},[44,18555,18557],{"className":46,"code":18556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18558,18559,18589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18560,18561,18563,18565,18567,18569,18571,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18562,18092],{"class":59},[53,18564,64],{"class":63},[53,18566,8539],{"class":550},[53,18568,37],{"class":67},[53,18570,16642],{"class":112},[53,18572,2341],{"class":67},[53,18574,72],{"class":71},[53,18576,1524],{"class":75},[53,18578,72],{"class":71},[53,18580,81],{"class":67},[53,18582,84],{"class":71},[53,18584,11110],{"class":75},[53,18586,72],{"class":71},[53,18588,3248],{"class":67},[53,18590,18591,18593,18595,18597],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18592,132],{"class":131},[53,18594,116],{"class":67},[53,18596,666],{"class":112},[53,18598,125],{"class":67},[20,18600,772],{},[44,18602,18604],{"className":46,"code":18603,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18605,18606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18607,18608,18610,18612,18614,18616,18618,18620,18622,18624,18626,18628,18630,18632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18609,153],{"class":67},[53,18611,156],{"class":71},[53,18613,1524],{"class":75},[53,18615,156],{"class":71},[53,18617,191],{"class":67},[53,18619,3213],{"class":938},[53,18621,81],{"class":67},[53,18623,165],{"class":71},[53,18625,11110],{"class":75},[53,18627,156],{"class":71},[53,18629,191],{"class":67},[53,18631,3213],{"class":938},[53,18633,101],{"class":67},[20,18635,18636,18637,37],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18638,849],{},[39,18640,18642],{"id":18641},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18644,18645,18646,18648],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18647,16577],{}," works.",[44,18650,18652],{"className":46,"code":18651,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18653,18654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18655,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666,18668,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680,18682,18684,18686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18657,132],{"class":131},[53,18659,116],{"class":67},[53,18661,8189],{"class":550},[53,18663,37],{"class":67},[53,18665,16642],{"class":112},[53,18667,2341],{"class":67},[53,18669,72],{"class":71},[53,18671,464],{"class":75},[53,18673,72],{"class":71},[53,18675,81],{"class":67},[53,18677,84],{"class":71},[53,18679,637],{"class":75},[53,18681,72],{"class":71},[53,18683,17420],{"class":67},[53,18685,3194],{"class":273},[53,18687,1377],{"class":67},[44,18689,18690],{"className":46,"code":18556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,18691,18692,18722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18693,18694,18696,18698,18700,18702,18704,18706,18708,18710,18712,18714,18716,18718,18720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18695,18092],{"class":59},[53,18697,64],{"class":63},[53,18699,8539],{"class":550},[53,18701,37],{"class":67},[53,18703,16642],{"class":112},[53,18705,2341],{"class":67},[53,18707,72],{"class":71},[53,18709,1524],{"class":75},[53,18711,72],{"class":71},[53,18713,81],{"class":67},[53,18715,84],{"class":71},[53,18717,11110],{"class":75},[53,18719,72],{"class":71},[53,18721,3248],{"class":67},[53,18723,18724,18726,18728,18730],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18725,132],{"class":131},[53,18727,116],{"class":67},[53,18729,666],{"class":112},[53,18731,125],{"class":67},[44,18733,18734],{"className":46,"code":18085,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,18735,18736,18768,18790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18737,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750,18752,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18739,18092],{"class":59},[53,18741,64],{"class":63},[53,18743,8539],{"class":550},[53,18745,37],{"class":67},[53,18747,16642],{"class":112},[53,18749,2341],{"class":67},[53,18751,72],{"class":71},[53,18753,464],{"class":75},[53,18755,72],{"class":71},[53,18757,81],{"class":67},[53,18759,84],{"class":71},[53,18761,637],{"class":75},[53,18763,72],{"class":71},[53,18765,17420],{"class":67},[53,18767,17354],{"class":67},[53,18769,18770,18772,18774,18776,18778,18780,18782,18784,18786,18788],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18771,666],{"class":59},[53,18773,3260],{"class":67},[53,18775,72],{"class":71},[53,18777,464],{"class":75},[53,18779,72],{"class":71},[53,18781,12909],{"class":67},[53,18783,12912],{"class":112},[53,18785,116],{"class":67},[53,18787,274],{"class":273},[53,18789,125],{"class":67},[53,18791,18792,18794,18796,18798],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,18793,132],{"class":131},[53,18795,116],{"class":67},[53,18797,666],{"class":112},[53,18799,125],{"class":67},[44,18801,18803],{"className":46,"code":18802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,18804,18805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18806,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18808,132],{"class":131},[53,18810,116],{"class":67},[53,18812,2578],{"class":550},[53,18814,116],{"class":67},[53,18816,8189],{"class":550},[53,18818,37],{"class":67},[53,18820,16642],{"class":112},[53,18822,2341],{"class":67},[53,18824,274],{"class":273},[53,18826,81],{"class":67},[53,18828,279],{"class":273},[53,18830,81],{"class":67},[53,18832,284],{"class":273},[53,18834,17420],{"class":67},[53,18836,84],{"class":71},[53,18838,236],{"class":75},[53,18840,72],{"class":71},[53,18842,2267],{"class":67},[39,18844,1187],{"id":1186},[599,18846,1191,18848,18850],{"id":18847},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18849,16577],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,18852,18853],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[599,18855,18857],{"id":18856},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,18859,18860,18861,37],{},"Each key gets ",[15,18862,849],{},[599,18864,18866],{"id":18865},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,18868,18869],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[599,18871,18873],{"id":18872},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,18875,17510],{},[44,18877,18879],{"className":46,"code":18878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,18880,18881,18913],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,18882,18883,18885,18887,18889,18891,18893,18895,18897,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,18884,16601],{"class":59},[53,18886,64],{"class":63},[53,18888,2982],{"class":67},[53,18890,72],{"class":71},[53,18892,464],{"class":75},[53,18894,72],{"class":71},[53,18896,81],{"class":67},[53,18898,84],{"class":71},[53,18900,637],{"class":75},[53,18902,72],{"class":71},[53,18904,81],{"class":67},[53,18906,84],{"class":71},[53,18908,646],{"class":75},[53,18910,72],{"class":71},[53,18912,2995],{"class":67},[53,18914,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927,18929,18931,18933,18935],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,18916,8534],{"class":59},[53,18918,64],{"class":63},[53,18920,68],{"class":67},[53,18922,14201],{"class":59},[53,18924,191],{"class":67},[53,18926,17562],{"class":67},[53,18928,3237],{"class":1105},[53,18930,17567],{"class":59},[53,18932,1067],{"class":1105},[53,18934,17572],{"class":59},[53,18936,101],{"class":67},[39,18938,1244],{"id":1243},[193,18940,18941,18945,18949,18953,18959],{},[196,18942,18943],{},[464,18944,10609],{"href":12390},[196,18946,18947],{},[464,18948,8524],{"href":12387},[196,18950,18951],{},[464,18952,10618],{"href":17261},[196,18954,18955],{},[464,18956,10104,18957,830],{"href":13392},[15,18958,14314],{},[196,18960,18961],{},[464,18962,10104,18963,830],{"href":14359},[15,18964,12140],{},[20,18966,174,18967,18969],{},[15,18968,16582],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1276,18971,18972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":18974},[18975,18976,18978,18982,18983,18985,18990,18992,18999,19008,19009,19016],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":16682,"depth":104,"text":18977},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16726,"depth":104,"text":16727,"children":18979},[18980,18981],{"id":16753,"depth":128,"text":16754},{"id":16777,"depth":128,"text":16778},{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":16936,"depth":104,"text":18984},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17265,"depth":104,"text":17266,"children":18986},[18987,18988,18989],{"id":17295,"depth":128,"text":17296},{"id":17458,"depth":128,"text":17459},{"id":17506,"depth":128,"text":17507},{"id":17670,"depth":104,"text":18991},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":17828,"depth":104,"text":18993,"children":18994},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[18995,18997,18998],{"id":17839,"depth":128,"text":18996},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":17904,"depth":128,"text":17905},{"id":17978,"depth":128,"text":17979},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":19000},[19001,19002,19004,19006],{"id":18081,"depth":128,"text":18082},{"id":18263,"depth":128,"text":19003},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18397,"depth":128,"text":19005},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18550,"depth":128,"text":19007},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18641,"depth":104,"text":18642},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":19010},[19011,19013,19014,19015],{"id":18847,"depth":128,"text":19012},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":18856,"depth":128,"text":18857},{"id":18865,"depth":128,"text":18866},{"id":18872,"depth":128,"text":18873},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16569,"description":19017},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19024,"title":19025,"body":19026,"description":20853,"extension":1312,"meta":20854,"navigation":383,"path":20855,"seo":20856,"stem":20857,"__hash__":20858},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19027,"toc":20820},[19028,19033,19039,19049,19179,19186,19191,19195,19211,19213,19311,19314,19331,19335,19337,19342,19380,19383,19401,19403,19521,19526,19530,19546,19549,19685,19688,19693,19699,19702,19739,19742,19746,19751,19827,19831,19836,19918,19920,19936,19941,19945,19951,20020,20023,20040,20043,20125,20131,20134,20154,20158,20163,20169,20175,20246,20249,20255,20258,20332,20339,20345,20353,20363,20365,20460,20466,20471,20557,20563,20565,20570,20592,20595,20690,20693,20724,20737,20739,20747,20753,20759,20762,20768,20773,20779,20784,20786,20817],[10,19029,10684,19031,18],{"id":19030},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19032,10107],{},[20,19034,19035,19036,19038],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19037,10107],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19040,19041,19042,1540,19044,1751,19046,19048],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19043,36],{},[15,19045,10107],{},[15,19047,849],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[44,19050,19052],{"className":46,"code":19051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19053,19054,19090,19094,19120,19145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19055,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19057,12563],{"class":59},[53,19059,64],{"class":63},[53,19061,68],{"class":67},[53,19063,72],{"class":71},[53,19065,7032],{"class":75},[53,19067,72],{"class":71},[53,19069,191],{"class":67},[53,19071,84],{"class":71},[53,19073,12244],{"class":75},[53,19075,72],{"class":71},[53,19077,81],{"class":67},[53,19079,84],{"class":71},[53,19081,8667],{"class":75},[53,19083,72],{"class":71},[53,19085,191],{"class":67},[53,19087,8674],{"class":273},[53,19089,101],{"class":67},[53,19091,19092],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19093,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19095,19096,19098,19100,19102,19104,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19097,132],{"class":131},[53,19099,116],{"class":67},[53,19101,16666],{"class":112},[53,19103,37],{"class":67},[53,19105,19106],{"class":112},"get",[53,19108,116],{"class":67},[53,19110,72],{"class":71},[53,19112,7032],{"class":75},[53,19114,72],{"class":71},[53,19116,4721],{"class":67},[53,19118,19119],{"class":3024},"           # Ana\n",[53,19121,19122,19124,19126,19128,19130,19132,19134,19136,19138,19140,19142],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,19123,132],{"class":131},[53,19125,116],{"class":67},[53,19127,16666],{"class":112},[53,19129,37],{"class":67},[53,19131,19106],{"class":112},[53,19133,116],{"class":67},[53,19135,72],{"class":71},[53,19137,9776],{"class":75},[53,19139,72],{"class":71},[53,19141,4721],{"class":67},[53,19143,19144],{"class":3024},"           # None\n",[53,19146,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19172,19174,19176],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,19148,132],{"class":131},[53,19150,116],{"class":67},[53,19152,16666],{"class":112},[53,19154,37],{"class":67},[53,19156,19106],{"class":112},[53,19158,116],{"class":67},[53,19160,72],{"class":71},[53,19162,9776],{"class":75},[53,19164,72],{"class":71},[53,19166,81],{"class":67},[53,19168,84],{"class":71},[53,19170,19171],{"class":75},"N\u002FA",[53,19173,72],{"class":71},[53,19175,4721],{"class":67},[53,19177,19178],{"class":3024},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19180,174,19181,19183,19184,37],{},[15,19182,10107],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19185,36],{},[39,19187,183,19189,186],{"id":19188},"what-get-does",[15,19190,10107],{},[20,19192,1329,19193,10778],{},[15,19194,10107],{},[193,19196,19197,19200,19205,19208],{},[196,19198,19199],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[196,19201,10789,19202,19204],{},[15,19203,849],{}," if the key does not exist",[196,19206,19207],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[196,19209,19210],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19212,1559],{},[44,19214,19216],{"className":46,"code":19215,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19217,19218,19257,19261,19286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19219,19220,19222,19224,19226,19228,19230,19232,19234,19236,19239,19241,19243,19245,19248,19250,19252,19255],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19221,12227],{"class":59},[53,19223,64],{"class":63},[53,19225,68],{"class":67},[53,19227,72],{"class":71},[53,19229,7032],{"class":75},[53,19231,72],{"class":71},[53,19233,191],{"class":67},[53,19235,84],{"class":71},[53,19237,19238],{"class":75},"Lina",[53,19240,72],{"class":71},[53,19242,81],{"class":67},[53,19244,84],{"class":71},[53,19246,19247],{"class":75},"grade",[53,19249,72],{"class":71},[53,19251,191],{"class":67},[53,19253,19254],{"class":273}," 90",[53,19256,101],{"class":67},[53,19258,19259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19260,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19262,19263,19265,19267,19269,19271,19273,19275,19277,19279,19281,19283],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19264,132],{"class":131},[53,19266,116],{"class":67},[53,19268,12985],{"class":112},[53,19270,37],{"class":67},[53,19272,19106],{"class":112},[53,19274,116],{"class":67},[53,19276,72],{"class":71},[53,19278,7032],{"class":75},[53,19280,72],{"class":71},[53,19282,4721],{"class":67},[53,19284,19285],{"class":3024},"     # Lina\n",[53,19287,19288,19290,19292,19294,19296,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,19289,132],{"class":131},[53,19291,116],{"class":67},[53,19293,12985],{"class":112},[53,19295,37],{"class":67},[53,19297,19106],{"class":112},[53,19299,116],{"class":67},[53,19301,72],{"class":71},[53,19303,14619],{"class":75},[53,19305,72],{"class":71},[53,19307,4721],{"class":67},[53,19309,19310],{"class":3024},"    # None\n",[20,19312,19313],{},"In this example:",[193,19315,19316,19321],{},[196,19317,19318,19320],{},[15,19319,14600],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[196,19322,19323,19326,19327,1751,19329],{},[15,19324,19325],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19328,10107],{},[15,19330,849],{},[20,19332,12384,19333,37],{},[464,19334,8524],{"href":8523},[39,19336,217],{"id":216},[20,19338,19339,19340,191],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19341,10107],{},[44,19343,19345],{"className":46,"code":19344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19346,19347,19361],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19348,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19350,14965],{"class":59},[53,19352,37],{"class":67},[53,19354,19106],{"class":112},[53,19356,116],{"class":67},[53,19358,14201],{"class":112},[53,19360,125],{"class":67},[53,19362,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19378],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19364,14965],{"class":59},[53,19366,37],{"class":67},[53,19368,19106],{"class":112},[53,19370,116],{"class":67},[53,19372,14201],{"class":112},[53,19374,81],{"class":67},[53,19376,19377],{"class":112}," default_value",[53,19379,125],{"class":67},[20,19381,19382],{},"What each part means:",[193,19384,19385,19390,19396],{},[196,19386,19387,19389],{},[15,19388,14201],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[196,19391,19392,19395],{},[15,19393,19394],{},"default_value"," is optional",[196,19397,19398,19399],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19400,849],{},[20,19402,1559],{},[44,19404,19406],{"className":46,"code":19405,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19407,19408,19432,19436,19461,19487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19409,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19428,19430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19411,13185],{"class":59},[53,19413,64],{"class":63},[53,19415,68],{"class":67},[53,19417,72],{"class":71},[53,19419,11859],{"class":75},[53,19421,72],{"class":71},[53,19423,191],{"class":67},[53,19425,84],{"class":71},[53,19427,11868],{"class":75},[53,19429,72],{"class":71},[53,19431,101],{"class":67},[53,19433,19434],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19435,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19437,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19458],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19439,132],{"class":131},[53,19441,116],{"class":67},[53,19443,13244],{"class":112},[53,19445,37],{"class":67},[53,19447,19106],{"class":112},[53,19449,116],{"class":67},[53,19451,72],{"class":71},[53,19453,11859],{"class":75},[53,19455,72],{"class":71},[53,19457,4721],{"class":67},[53,19459,19460],{"class":3024},"            # dark\n",[53,19462,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19480,19482,19484],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,19464,132],{"class":131},[53,19466,116],{"class":67},[53,19468,13244],{"class":112},[53,19470,37],{"class":67},[53,19472,19106],{"class":112},[53,19474,116],{"class":67},[53,19476,72],{"class":71},[53,19478,19479],{"class":75},"language",[53,19481,72],{"class":71},[53,19483,4721],{"class":67},[53,19485,19486],{"class":3024},"         # None\n",[53,19488,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503,19505,19507,19509,19511,19514,19516,19518],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,19490,132],{"class":131},[53,19492,116],{"class":67},[53,19494,13244],{"class":112},[53,19496,37],{"class":67},[53,19498,19106],{"class":112},[53,19500,116],{"class":67},[53,19502,72],{"class":71},[53,19504,19479],{"class":75},[53,19506,72],{"class":71},[53,19508,81],{"class":67},[53,19510,84],{"class":71},[53,19512,19513],{"class":75},"en",[53,19515,72],{"class":71},[53,19517,4721],{"class":67},[53,19519,19520],{"class":3024},"   # en\n",[39,19522,4319,19524],{"id":19523},"when-to-use-get",[15,19525,10107],{},[20,19527,174,19528,9968],{},[15,19529,10107],{},[193,19531,19532,19535,19540,19543],{},[196,19533,19534],{},"A key might not exist",[196,19536,19537,19538],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19539,36],{},[196,19541,19542],{},"You are reading optional data",[196,19544,19545],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19547,19548],{},"Example with optional user data:",[44,19550,19552],{"className":46,"code":19551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19553,19554,19596,19600,19625,19651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19555,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19592,19594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19557,10852],{"class":59},[53,19559,64],{"class":63},[53,19561,68],{"class":67},[53,19563,72],{"class":71},[53,19565,7351],{"class":75},[53,19567,72],{"class":71},[53,19569,191],{"class":67},[53,19571,84],{"class":71},[53,19573,19574],{"class":75},"sam",[53,19576,72],{"class":71},[53,19578,81],{"class":67},[53,19580,84],{"class":71},[53,19582,14619],{"class":75},[53,19584,72],{"class":71},[53,19586,191],{"class":67},[53,19588,84],{"class":71},[53,19590,19591],{"class":75},"sam@example.com",[53,19593,72],{"class":71},[53,19595,101],{"class":67},[53,19597,19598],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19599,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19601,19602,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19618,19620,19622],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19603,132],{"class":131},[53,19605,116],{"class":67},[53,19607,10946],{"class":112},[53,19609,37],{"class":67},[53,19611,19106],{"class":112},[53,19613,116],{"class":67},[53,19615,72],{"class":71},[53,19617,7351],{"class":75},[53,19619,72],{"class":71},[53,19621,4721],{"class":67},[53,19623,19624],{"class":3024},"              # sam\n",[53,19626,19627,19629,19631,19633,19635,19637,19639,19641,19644,19646,19648],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,19628,132],{"class":131},[53,19630,116],{"class":67},[53,19632,10946],{"class":112},[53,19634,37],{"class":67},[53,19636,19106],{"class":112},[53,19638,116],{"class":67},[53,19640,72],{"class":71},[53,19642,19643],{"class":75},"phone",[53,19645,72],{"class":71},[53,19647,4721],{"class":67},[53,19649,19650],{"class":3024},"                 # None\n",[53,19652,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671,19673,19675,19678,19680,19682],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,19654,132],{"class":131},[53,19656,116],{"class":67},[53,19658,10946],{"class":112},[53,19660,37],{"class":67},[53,19662,19106],{"class":112},[53,19664,116],{"class":67},[53,19666,72],{"class":71},[53,19668,19643],{"class":75},[53,19670,72],{"class":71},[53,19672,81],{"class":67},[53,19674,84],{"class":71},[53,19676,19677],{"class":75},"Not provided",[53,19679,72],{"class":71},[53,19681,4721],{"class":67},[53,19683,19684],{"class":3024}," # Not provided\n",[20,19686,19687],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19689,19690,19691,37],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[464,19692,15958],{"href":15957},[39,19694,19696,19698],{"id":19695},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19697,10107],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19700,19701],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[44,19703,19705],{"className":46,"code":19704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19706,19707,19721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19708,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717,19719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19710,8573],{"class":59},[53,19712,3260],{"class":67},[53,19714,72],{"class":71},[53,19716,14201],{"class":75},[53,19718,72],{"class":71},[53,19720,2995],{"class":67},[53,19722,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19724,8573],{"class":59},[53,19726,37],{"class":67},[53,19728,19106],{"class":112},[53,19730,116],{"class":67},[53,19732,72],{"class":71},[53,19734,14201],{"class":75},[53,19736,72],{"class":71},[53,19738,125],{"class":67},[20,19740,19741],{},"The difference is important.",[599,19743,19745],{"id":19744},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,19747,19748,19749,37],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,19750,36],{},[44,19752,19754],{"className":46,"code":19753,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,19755,19756,19780,19784,19806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19757,19758,19760,19762,19764,19766,19768,19770,19772,19774,19776,19778],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19759,8534],{"class":59},[53,19761,64],{"class":63},[53,19763,68],{"class":67},[53,19765,72],{"class":71},[53,19767,7032],{"class":75},[53,19769,72],{"class":71},[53,19771,191],{"class":67},[53,19773,84],{"class":71},[53,19775,12244],{"class":75},[53,19777,72],{"class":71},[53,19779,101],{"class":67},[53,19781,19782],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19783,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19785,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19800,19803],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19787,132],{"class":131},[53,19789,116],{"class":67},[53,19791,8573],{"class":112},[53,19793,3260],{"class":67},[53,19795,72],{"class":71},[53,19797,7032],{"class":75},[53,19799,72],{"class":71},[53,19801,19802],{"class":67},"])",[53,19804,19805],{"class":3024},"   # Ana\n",[53,19807,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,19809,132],{"class":131},[53,19811,116],{"class":67},[53,19813,8573],{"class":112},[53,19815,3260],{"class":67},[53,19817,72],{"class":71},[53,19819,9776],{"class":75},[53,19821,72],{"class":71},[53,19823,19802],{"class":67},[53,19825,19826],{"class":3024},"   # KeyError\n",[599,19828,19829],{"id":19106},[15,19830,10107],{},[20,19832,19833,19835],{},[15,19834,10107],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[44,19837,19839],{"className":46,"code":19838,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,19840,19841,19865,19869,19893],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19842,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19844,8534],{"class":59},[53,19846,64],{"class":63},[53,19848,68],{"class":67},[53,19850,72],{"class":71},[53,19852,7032],{"class":75},[53,19854,72],{"class":71},[53,19856,191],{"class":67},[53,19858,84],{"class":71},[53,19860,12244],{"class":75},[53,19862,72],{"class":71},[53,19864,101],{"class":67},[53,19866,19867],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19868,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19870,19871,19873,19875,19877,19879,19881,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19872,132],{"class":131},[53,19874,116],{"class":67},[53,19876,8573],{"class":112},[53,19878,37],{"class":67},[53,19880,19106],{"class":112},[53,19882,116],{"class":67},[53,19884,72],{"class":71},[53,19886,7032],{"class":75},[53,19888,72],{"class":71},[53,19890,4721],{"class":67},[53,19892,19805],{"class":3024},[53,19894,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909,19911,19913,19915],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,19896,132],{"class":131},[53,19898,116],{"class":67},[53,19900,8573],{"class":112},[53,19902,37],{"class":67},[53,19904,19106],{"class":112},[53,19906,116],{"class":67},[53,19908,72],{"class":71},[53,19910,9776],{"class":75},[53,19912,72],{"class":71},[53,19914,4721],{"class":67},[53,19916,19917],{"class":3024},"   # None\n",[20,19919,808],{},[193,19921,19922,19928],{},[196,19923,19924,19925],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[30,19926,19927],{},"must exist",[196,19929,19930,19932,19933],{},[15,19931,10107],{}," when the key is ",[30,19934,19935],{},"optional",[20,19937,19938,19939,37],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[464,19940,579],{"href":578},[39,19942,19944],{"id":19943},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,19946,19947,19948,19950],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,19949,10107],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[44,19952,19954],{"className":46,"code":19953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,19955,19956,19981,19985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,19957,19958,19961,19963,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975,19977,19979],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,19959,19960],{"class":59},"profile ",[53,19962,64],{"class":63},[53,19964,68],{"class":67},[53,19966,72],{"class":71},[53,19968,7032],{"class":75},[53,19970,72],{"class":71},[53,19972,191],{"class":67},[53,19974,84],{"class":71},[53,19976,7287],{"class":75},[53,19978,72],{"class":71},[53,19980,101],{"class":67},[53,19982,19983],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,19984,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,19986,19987,19989,19991,19994,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006,20008,20010,20013,20015,20017],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,19988,132],{"class":131},[53,19990,116],{"class":67},[53,19992,19993],{"class":112},"profile",[53,19995,37],{"class":67},[53,19997,19106],{"class":112},[53,19999,116],{"class":67},[53,20001,72],{"class":71},[53,20003,14622],{"class":75},[53,20005,72],{"class":71},[53,20007,81],{"class":67},[53,20009,84],{"class":71},[53,20011,20012],{"class":75},"Unknown",[53,20014,72],{"class":71},[53,20016,4721],{"class":67},[53,20018,20019],{"class":3024},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20021,20022],{},"This is useful for display text:",[193,20024,20025,20030,20035],{},[196,20026,20027],{},[15,20028,20029],{},"\"Unknown\"",[196,20031,20032],{},[15,20033,20034],{},"\"Not set\"",[196,20036,20037],{},[15,20038,20039],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20041,20042],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[44,20044,20046],{"className":46,"code":20045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20047,20048,20080,20084,20111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20049,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20051,4422],{"class":59},[53,20053,64],{"class":63},[53,20055,68],{"class":67},[53,20057,72],{"class":71},[53,20059,17775],{"class":75},[53,20061,72],{"class":71},[53,20063,191],{"class":67},[53,20065,5366],{"class":273},[53,20067,81],{"class":67},[53,20069,84],{"class":71},[53,20071,17784],{"class":75},[53,20073,72],{"class":71},[53,20075,191],{"class":67},[53,20077,5722],{"class":273},[53,20079,101],{"class":67},[53,20081,20082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20083,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,20085,20086,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20087,20088],{"class":59},"total_history ",[53,20090,64],{"class":63},[53,20092,4469],{"class":59},[53,20094,37],{"class":67},[53,20096,19106],{"class":112},[53,20098,116],{"class":67},[53,20100,72],{"class":71},[53,20102,17793],{"class":75},[53,20104,72],{"class":71},[53,20106,81],{"class":67},[53,20108,3194],{"class":273},[53,20110,125],{"class":67},[53,20112,20113,20115,20117,20120,20122],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20114,132],{"class":131},[53,20116,116],{"class":67},[53,20118,20119],{"class":112},"total_history",[53,20121,3021],{"class":67},[53,20123,20124],{"class":3024},"   # 0\n",[20,20126,20127,20128,20130],{},"Here, ",[15,20129,1470],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20132,20133],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[193,20135,20136,20139,20144,20149],{},[196,20137,20138],{},"Use a string for text",[196,20140,174,20141,20143],{},[15,20142,1470],{}," for numbers",[196,20145,174,20146,20148],{},[15,20147,3147],{}," for lists if needed",[196,20150,174,20151,20153],{},[15,20152,3152],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[39,20155,20157],{"id":20156},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20159,20160,20161,37],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20162,10107],{},[599,20164,20166,20168],{"id":20165},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20167,10107],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20170,20171,20172,20174],{},"This code does ",[30,20173,461],{}," create a new key:",[44,20176,20178],{"className":46,"code":20177,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20179,20180,20204,20208,20233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20181,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196,20198,20200,20202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20183,12563],{"class":59},[53,20185,64],{"class":63},[53,20187,68],{"class":67},[53,20189,72],{"class":71},[53,20191,7032],{"class":75},[53,20193,72],{"class":71},[53,20195,191],{"class":67},[53,20197,84],{"class":71},[53,20199,12244],{"class":75},[53,20201,72],{"class":71},[53,20203,101],{"class":67},[53,20205,20206],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20207,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,20209,20210,20212,20214,20216,20218,20220,20222,20224,20226,20228,20230],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20211,132],{"class":131},[53,20213,116],{"class":67},[53,20215,16666],{"class":112},[53,20217,37],{"class":67},[53,20219,19106],{"class":112},[53,20221,116],{"class":67},[53,20223,72],{"class":71},[53,20225,9776],{"class":75},[53,20227,72],{"class":71},[53,20229,4721],{"class":67},[53,20231,20232],{"class":3024},"  # None\n",[53,20234,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20236,132],{"class":131},[53,20238,116],{"class":67},[53,20240,16666],{"class":112},[53,20242,3021],{"class":67},[53,20244,20245],{"class":3024},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20247,20248],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[599,20250,20252,20254],{"id":20251},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20253,10107],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20256,20257],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[44,20259,20261],{"className":46,"code":20260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20262,20263,20289,20293,20319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20264,20265,20267,20269,20271,20273,20276,20278,20280,20282,20285,20287],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20266,13185],{"class":59},[53,20268,64],{"class":63},[53,20270,68],{"class":67},[53,20272,72],{"class":71},[53,20274,20275],{"class":75},"mode",[53,20277,72],{"class":71},[53,20279,191],{"class":67},[53,20281,84],{"class":71},[53,20283,20284],{"class":75},"light",[53,20286,72],{"class":71},[53,20288,101],{"class":67},[53,20290,20291],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20292,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,20294,20295,20297,20299,20301,20303,20305,20307,20309,20311,20313,20315,20317],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20296,13244],{"class":59},[53,20298,37],{"class":67},[53,20300,19106],{"class":112},[53,20302,116],{"class":67},[53,20304,72],{"class":71},[53,20306,11859],{"class":75},[53,20308,72],{"class":71},[53,20310,81],{"class":67},[53,20312,84],{"class":71},[53,20314,11868],{"class":75},[53,20316,72],{"class":71},[53,20318,125],{"class":67},[53,20320,20321,20323,20325,20327,20329],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20322,132],{"class":131},[53,20324,116],{"class":67},[53,20326,13244],{"class":112},[53,20328,3021],{"class":67},[53,20330,20331],{"class":3024},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20333,20334,20335,20338],{},"Even though ",[15,20336,20337],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[599,20340,20342,20343],{"id":20341},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20344,849],{},[20,20346,20347,20348,1751,20350,20352],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20349,10107],{},[15,20351,849],{}," because:",[193,20354,20355,20358],{},[196,20356,20357],{},"The key is missing, or",[196,20359,20360,20361],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20362,849],{},[20,20364,1559],{},[44,20366,20368],{"className":46,"code":20367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20369,20370,20407,20411,20435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20371,20372,20374,20376,20378,20380,20382,20384,20386,20388,20390,20392,20394,20396,20399,20401,20403,20405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20373,8534],{"class":59},[53,20375,64],{"class":63},[53,20377,68],{"class":67},[53,20379,72],{"class":71},[53,20381,7032],{"class":75},[53,20383,72],{"class":71},[53,20385,191],{"class":67},[53,20387,84],{"class":71},[53,20389,12244],{"class":75},[53,20391,72],{"class":71},[53,20393,81],{"class":67},[53,20395,84],{"class":71},[53,20397,20398],{"class":75},"nickname",[53,20400,72],{"class":71},[53,20402,191],{"class":67},[53,20404,3213],{"class":938},[53,20406,101],{"class":67},[53,20408,20409],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20410,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,20412,20413,20415,20417,20419,20421,20423,20425,20427,20429,20431,20433],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20414,132],{"class":131},[53,20416,116],{"class":67},[53,20418,8573],{"class":112},[53,20420,37],{"class":67},[53,20422,19106],{"class":112},[53,20424,116],{"class":67},[53,20426,72],{"class":71},[53,20428,20398],{"class":75},[53,20430,72],{"class":71},[53,20432,4721],{"class":67},[53,20434,20232],{"class":3024},[53,20436,20437,20439,20441,20443,20445,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20438,132],{"class":131},[53,20440,116],{"class":67},[53,20442,8573],{"class":112},[53,20444,37],{"class":67},[53,20446,19106],{"class":112},[53,20448,116],{"class":67},[53,20450,72],{"class":71},[53,20452,9776],{"class":75},[53,20454,72],{"class":71},[53,20456,4721],{"class":67},[53,20458,20459],{"class":3024},"      # None\n",[20,20461,20462,20463,20465],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20464,849],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20467,20468,20469,191],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20470,1067],{},[44,20472,20474],{"className":46,"code":20473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20475,20476,20512,20516,20536],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20477,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488,20490,20492,20494,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20479,8534],{"class":59},[53,20481,64],{"class":63},[53,20483,68],{"class":67},[53,20485,72],{"class":71},[53,20487,7032],{"class":75},[53,20489,72],{"class":71},[53,20491,191],{"class":67},[53,20493,84],{"class":71},[53,20495,12244],{"class":75},[53,20497,72],{"class":71},[53,20499,81],{"class":67},[53,20501,84],{"class":71},[53,20503,20398],{"class":75},[53,20505,72],{"class":71},[53,20507,191],{"class":67},[53,20509,3213],{"class":938},[53,20511,101],{"class":67},[53,20513,20514],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20515,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,20517,20518,20520,20522,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20519,132],{"class":131},[53,20521,116],{"class":67},[53,20523,72],{"class":71},[53,20525,20398],{"class":75},[53,20527,72],{"class":71},[53,20529,1115],{"class":1105},[53,20531,13926],{"class":112},[53,20533,3021],{"class":67},[53,20535,3025],{"class":3024},[53,20537,20538,20540,20542,20544,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20539,132],{"class":131},[53,20541,116],{"class":67},[53,20543,72],{"class":71},[53,20545,9776],{"class":75},[53,20547,72],{"class":71},[53,20549,1115],{"class":1105},[53,20551,13926],{"class":112},[53,20553,3021],{"class":67},[53,20555,20556],{"class":3024},"      # False\n",[20,20558,20559,20560,37],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[464,20561,20562],{"href":16512},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[39,20564,2185],{"id":2184},[20,20566,20567,20568,191],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20569,10107],{},[193,20571,20572,20577,20584,20589],{},[196,20573,20574,20575],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20576,36],{},[196,20578,4062,20579,1751,20581,20583],{},[15,20580,10107],{},[15,20582,849],{}," if no default is provided",[196,20585,3937,20586,20588],{},[15,20587,10107],{}," creates a key automatically",[196,20590,20591],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20593,20594],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[44,20596,20598],{"className":46,"code":20597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20599,20600,20610,20624,20642,20664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20601,20602,20604,20606,20608],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20603,132],{"class":131},[53,20605,116],{"class":67},[53,20607,10815],{"class":112},[53,20609,125],{"class":67},[53,20611,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20613,132],{"class":131},[53,20615,116],{"class":67},[53,20617,10815],{"class":112},[53,20619,37],{"class":67},[53,20621,16282],{"class":112},[53,20623,6557],{"class":67},[53,20625,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20627,132],{"class":131},[53,20629,116],{"class":67},[53,20631,156],{"class":71},[53,20633,7032],{"class":75},[53,20635,156],{"class":71},[53,20637,1115],{"class":1105},[53,20639,11131],{"class":112},[53,20641,125],{"class":67},[53,20643,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20654,20656,20658,20660,20662],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20645,132],{"class":131},[53,20647,116],{"class":67},[53,20649,10815],{"class":112},[53,20651,37],{"class":67},[53,20653,19106],{"class":112},[53,20655,116],{"class":67},[53,20657,156],{"class":71},[53,20659,7032],{"class":75},[53,20661,156],{"class":71},[53,20663,1377],{"class":67},[53,20665,20666,20668,20670,20672,20674,20676,20678,20680,20682,20684,20686,20688],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,20667,132],{"class":131},[53,20669,116],{"class":67},[53,20671,2578],{"class":550},[53,20673,116],{"class":67},[53,20675,10815],{"class":112},[53,20677,37],{"class":67},[53,20679,19106],{"class":112},[53,20681,116],{"class":67},[53,20683,156],{"class":71},[53,20685,7032],{"class":75},[53,20687,156],{"class":71},[53,20689,2267],{"class":67},[20,20691,20692],{},"What these checks tell you:",[193,20694,20695,20700,20706,20712,20718],{},[196,20696,20697,20699],{},[15,20698,12044],{}," shows the full dictionary",[196,20701,20702,20705],{},[15,20703,20704],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[196,20707,20708,20711],{},[15,20709,20710],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[196,20713,20714,20717],{},[15,20715,20716],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[196,20719,20720,20723],{},[15,20721,20722],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20725,20726,20727,594,20732,20736],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[464,20728,20729,20730,830],{"href":16421},"the dictionary ",[15,20731,16424],{},[464,20733,20729,20734,830],{"href":16434},[15,20735,16437],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[39,20738,1187],{"id":1186},[599,20740,1191,20742,20744,20745,1222],{"id":20741},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20743,10107],{}," raise ",[15,20746,36],{},[20,20748,20749,20750,20752],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,20751,849],{}," or the default value you provide.",[599,20754,1191,20756,20758],{"id":20755},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,20757,10107],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,20760,20761],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[599,20763,20765,20766,1222],{"id":20764},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,20767,10107],{},[20,20769,20770,20772],{},[15,20771,849],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[599,20774,1216,20776,20778],{"id":20775},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets",[15,20777,10107],{}," or square brackets?",[20,20780,174,20781,20783],{},[15,20782,10107],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[39,20785,1244],{"id":1243},[193,20787,20788,20792,20798,20804,20808,20813],{},[196,20789,20790],{},[464,20791,8524],{"href":8523},[196,20793,20794],{},[464,20795,10104,20796,830],{"href":16421},[15,20797,16424],{},[196,20799,20800],{},[464,20801,10104,20802,830],{"href":16434},[15,20803,16437],{},[196,20805,20806],{},[464,20807,16513],{"href":16512},[196,20809,20810],{},[464,20811,20812],{"href":15957},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[196,20814,20815],{},[464,20816,579],{"href":578},[1276,20818,20819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":20821},[20822,20824,20825,20827,20832,20833,20841,20842,20852],{"id":19188,"depth":104,"text":20823},"What get() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":19523,"depth":104,"text":20826},"When to use get()",{"id":19695,"depth":104,"text":20828,"children":20829},"get() vs square brackets",[20830,20831],{"id":19744,"depth":128,"text":19745},{"id":19106,"depth":128,"text":10107},{"id":19943,"depth":104,"text":19944},{"id":20156,"depth":104,"text":20157,"children":20834},[20835,20837,20839],{"id":20165,"depth":128,"text":20836},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20251,"depth":128,"text":20838},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20341,"depth":128,"text":20840},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":20843},[20844,20846,20848,20850],{"id":20741,"depth":128,"text":20845},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20755,"depth":128,"text":20847},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":20764,"depth":128,"text":20849},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":20775,"depth":128,"text":20851},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19025,"description":20853},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":20860,"title":20861,"body":20862,"description":23417,"extension":1312,"meta":23418,"navigation":383,"path":23419,"seo":23420,"stem":23421,"__hash__":23422},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":20863,"toc":23383},[20864,20869,20875,20881,20883,20965,20969,20986,20991,20996,21001,21003,21017,21019,21082,21086,21126,21134,21136,21138,21153,21156,21169,21171,21250,21254,21320,21322,21326,21334,21336,21347,21349,21459,21463,21542,21547,21553,21558,21671,21675,21707,21710,21817,21823,21830,21834,21837,21939,21943,22004,22007,22010,22021,22030,22033,22050,22052,22151,22155,22230,22233,22256,22261,22266,22283,22285,22406,22410,22444,22446,22451,22458,22468,22470,22548,22551,22622,22632,22635,22667,22670,22709,22715,22722,22725,22816,22820,22901,22907,22910,22913,23018,23021,23024,23146,23150,23153,23220,23224,23261,23267,23269,23275,23280,23286,23293,23299,23302,23341,23347,23350,23352,23380],[10,20865,10684,20867,18],{"id":20866},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,20868,16437],{},[20,20870,1329,20871,20874],{},[15,20872,20873],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,20876,20877,20878,20880],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,20879,16437],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[39,20882,42],{"id":41},[44,20884,20886],{"className":46,"code":20885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,20887,20888,20924,20928,20951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20889,20890,20892,20894,20896,20898,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918,20920,20922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20891,12563],{"class":59},[53,20893,64],{"class":63},[53,20895,68],{"class":67},[53,20897,72],{"class":71},[53,20899,7032],{"class":75},[53,20901,72],{"class":71},[53,20903,191],{"class":67},[53,20905,84],{"class":71},[53,20907,12244],{"class":75},[53,20909,72],{"class":71},[53,20911,81],{"class":67},[53,20913,84],{"class":71},[53,20915,8667],{"class":75},[53,20917,72],{"class":71},[53,20919,191],{"class":67},[53,20921,8674],{"class":273},[53,20923,101],{"class":67},[53,20925,20926],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20927,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,20929,20930,20932,20935,20937,20940,20942,20944,20946,20948],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,20931,5319],{"class":1105},[53,20933,20934],{"class":59}," key",[53,20936,81],{"class":67},[53,20938,20939],{"class":59}," value ",[53,20941,1067],{"class":1105},[53,20943,12606],{"class":59},[53,20945,37],{"class":67},[53,20947,7175],{"class":112},[53,20949,20950],{"class":67},"():\n",[53,20952,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,20954,7435],{"class":131},[53,20956,116],{"class":67},[53,20958,14201],{"class":112},[53,20960,81],{"class":67},[53,20962,7801],{"class":112},[53,20964,125],{"class":67},[20,20966,20967],{},[30,20968,772],{},[44,20970,20972],{"className":46,"code":20971,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,20973,20974,20979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,20975,20976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,20977,20978],{"class":59},"name Ana\n",[53,20980,20981,20984],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,20982,20983],{"class":59},"age ",[53,20985,2063],{"class":273},[20,20987,174,20988,20990],{},[15,20989,16437],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[39,20992,183,20994,186],{"id":20993},"what-items-does",[15,20995,16437],{},[20,20997,20998,21000],{},[15,20999,16437],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21002,10824],{},[193,21004,21005,21011,21014],{},[196,21006,21007,21008],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21009,21010],{},"(key, value)",[196,21012,21013],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[196,21015,21016],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21018,1559],{},[44,21020,21022],{"className":46,"code":21021,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21023,21024,21060,21064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21025,21026,21028,21030,21032,21034,21036,21038,21040,21042,21044,21046,21048,21050,21052,21054,21056,21058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21027,12563],{"class":59},[53,21029,64],{"class":63},[53,21031,68],{"class":67},[53,21033,72],{"class":71},[53,21035,7032],{"class":75},[53,21037,72],{"class":71},[53,21039,191],{"class":67},[53,21041,84],{"class":71},[53,21043,12244],{"class":75},[53,21045,72],{"class":71},[53,21047,81],{"class":67},[53,21049,84],{"class":71},[53,21051,8667],{"class":75},[53,21053,72],{"class":71},[53,21055,191],{"class":67},[53,21057,8674],{"class":273},[53,21059,101],{"class":67},[53,21061,21062],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21063,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21065,21066,21068,21070,21072,21074,21076,21078,21080],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21067,132],{"class":131},[53,21069,116],{"class":67},[53,21071,7460],{"class":550},[53,21073,116],{"class":67},[53,21075,16666],{"class":112},[53,21077,37],{"class":67},[53,21079,7175],{"class":112},[53,21081,5652],{"class":67},[20,21083,21084],{},[30,21085,772],{},[44,21087,21089],{"className":46,"code":21088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21090,21091],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21092,21093,21096,21098,21100,21102,21104,21106,21108,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21094,21095],{"class":67},"[(",[53,21097,156],{"class":71},[53,21099,7032],{"class":75},[53,21101,156],{"class":71},[53,21103,81],{"class":67},[53,21105,165],{"class":71},[53,21107,12244],{"class":75},[53,21109,156],{"class":71},[53,21111,8602],{"class":67},[53,21113,8605],{"class":67},[53,21115,156],{"class":71},[53,21117,8667],{"class":75},[53,21119,156],{"class":71},[53,21121,81],{"class":67},[53,21123,8674],{"class":273},[53,21125,8618],{"class":67},[20,21127,21128,21129,1219,21131,37],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[464,21130,8524],{"href":12387},[464,21132,14385],{"href":21133},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[39,21135,217],{"id":216},[20,21137,4794],{},[44,21139,21141],{"className":46,"code":21140,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21142,21143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21144,21145,21147,21149,21151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21146,10815],{"class":59},[53,21148,37],{"class":67},[53,21150,7175],{"class":112},[53,21152,8011],{"class":67},[20,21154,21155],{},"Things to remember:",[193,21157,21158,21163,21166],{},[196,21159,21160,21162],{},[15,21161,16437],{}," does not take any arguments",[196,21164,21165],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[196,21167,21168],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21170,1559],{},[44,21172,21174],{"className":46,"code":21173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21175,21176,21208,21212,21226,21230,21240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21177,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21179,4422],{"class":59},[53,21181,64],{"class":63},[53,21183,68],{"class":67},[53,21185,72],{"class":71},[53,21187,4362],{"class":75},[53,21189,72],{"class":71},[53,21191,191],{"class":67},[53,21193,19254],{"class":273},[53,21195,81],{"class":67},[53,21197,84],{"class":71},[53,21199,4371],{"class":75},[53,21201,72],{"class":71},[53,21203,191],{"class":67},[53,21205,12866],{"class":273},[53,21207,101],{"class":67},[53,21209,21210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21211,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21213,21214,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21215,1582],{"class":59},[53,21217,64],{"class":63},[53,21219,4469],{"class":59},[53,21221,37],{"class":67},[53,21223,7175],{"class":112},[53,21225,8011],{"class":67},[53,21227,21228],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,21229,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21231,21232,21234,21236,21238],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,21233,132],{"class":131},[53,21235,116],{"class":67},[53,21237,1617],{"class":112},[53,21239,125],{"class":67},[53,21241,21242,21244,21246,21248],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,21243,132],{"class":131},[53,21245,116],{"class":67},[53,21247,15749],{"class":112},[53,21249,125],{"class":67},[20,21251,21252],{},[30,21253,772],{},[44,21255,21257],{"className":46,"code":21256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21258,21259,21292],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21260,21261,21264,21266,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21262,21263],{"class":112},"dict_items",[53,21265,9025],{"class":67},[53,21267,156],{"class":71},[53,21269,4362],{"class":75},[53,21271,156],{"class":71},[53,21273,81],{"class":67},[53,21275,19254],{"class":273},[53,21277,8602],{"class":67},[53,21279,8605],{"class":67},[53,21281,156],{"class":71},[53,21283,4371],{"class":75},[53,21285,156],{"class":71},[53,21287,81],{"class":67},[53,21289,12866],{"class":273},[53,21291,10046],{"class":67},[53,21293,21294,21296,21298,21300,21302,21304,21306,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21295,153],{"class":67},[53,21297,156],{"class":71},[53,21299,4362],{"class":75},[53,21301,156],{"class":71},[53,21303,191],{"class":67},[53,21305,19254],{"class":273},[53,21307,81],{"class":67},[53,21309,165],{"class":71},[53,21311,4371],{"class":75},[53,21313,156],{"class":71},[53,21315,191],{"class":67},[53,21317,12866],{"class":273},[53,21319,101],{"class":67},[20,21321,20248],{},[39,21323,21325],{"id":21324},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21327,21328,21330,21331,21333],{},[15,21329,16437],{}," returns a ",[15,21332,21263],{}," view object.",[20,21335,1457],{},[193,21337,21338,21341,21344],{},[196,21339,21340],{},"You can loop over it",[196,21342,21343],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[196,21345,21346],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21348,1559],{},[44,21350,21352],{"className":46,"code":21351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21353,21354,21386,21400,21404,21418,21422,21441,21445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21355,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366,21368,21370,21372,21374,21376,21378,21380,21382,21384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21357,8534],{"class":59},[53,21359,64],{"class":63},[53,21361,68],{"class":67},[53,21363,72],{"class":71},[53,21365,1524],{"class":75},[53,21367,72],{"class":71},[53,21369,191],{"class":67},[53,21371,4858],{"class":273},[53,21373,81],{"class":67},[53,21375,84],{"class":71},[53,21377,11110],{"class":75},[53,21379,72],{"class":71},[53,21381,191],{"class":67},[53,21383,279],{"class":273},[53,21385,101],{"class":67},[53,21387,21388,21390,21392,21394,21396,21398],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21389,8584],{"class":59},[53,21391,64],{"class":63},[53,21393,13926],{"class":59},[53,21395,37],{"class":67},[53,21397,7175],{"class":112},[53,21399,8011],{"class":67},[53,21401,21402],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21403,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21405,21406,21408,21410,21412,21414,21416],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,21407,132],{"class":131},[53,21409,116],{"class":67},[53,21411,7460],{"class":550},[53,21413,116],{"class":67},[53,21415,8631],{"class":112},[53,21417,1377],{"class":67},[53,21419,21420],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,21421,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21423,21424,21426,21428,21430,21433,21435,21437,21439],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,21425,8573],{"class":59},[53,21427,3260],{"class":67},[53,21429,72],{"class":71},[53,21431,21432],{"class":75},"z",[53,21434,72],{"class":71},[53,21436,12632],{"class":67},[53,21438,12635],{"class":63},[53,21440,1931],{"class":273},[53,21442,21443],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,21444,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21446,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,21448,132],{"class":131},[53,21450,116],{"class":67},[53,21452,7460],{"class":550},[53,21454,116],{"class":67},[53,21456,8631],{"class":112},[53,21458,1377],{"class":67},[20,21460,21461],{},[30,21462,772],{},[44,21464,21466],{"className":46,"code":21465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21467,21468,21498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21469,21470,21472,21474,21476,21478,21480,21482,21484,21486,21488,21490,21492,21494,21496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21471,21095],{"class":67},[53,21473,156],{"class":71},[53,21475,1524],{"class":75},[53,21477,156],{"class":71},[53,21479,81],{"class":67},[53,21481,4858],{"class":273},[53,21483,8602],{"class":67},[53,21485,8605],{"class":67},[53,21487,156],{"class":71},[53,21489,11110],{"class":75},[53,21491,156],{"class":71},[53,21493,81],{"class":67},[53,21495,279],{"class":273},[53,21497,8618],{"class":67},[53,21499,21500,21502,21504,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532,21534,21536,21538,21540],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21501,21095],{"class":67},[53,21503,156],{"class":71},[53,21505,1524],{"class":75},[53,21507,156],{"class":71},[53,21509,81],{"class":67},[53,21511,4858],{"class":273},[53,21513,8602],{"class":67},[53,21515,8605],{"class":67},[53,21517,156],{"class":71},[53,21519,11110],{"class":75},[53,21521,156],{"class":71},[53,21523,81],{"class":67},[53,21525,279],{"class":273},[53,21527,8602],{"class":67},[53,21529,8605],{"class":67},[53,21531,156],{"class":71},[53,21533,21432],{"class":75},[53,21535,156],{"class":71},[53,21537,81],{"class":67},[53,21539,284],{"class":273},[53,21541,8618],{"class":67},[20,21543,562,21544,21546],{},[15,21545,8631],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[39,21548,21550,21551],{"id":21549},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21552,16437],{},[20,21554,21555,21556,191],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21557,16437],{},[44,21559,21561],{"className":46,"code":21560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21562,21563,21616,21620,21640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21564,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575,21577,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21566,12227],{"class":59},[53,21568,64],{"class":63},[53,21570,68],{"class":67},[53,21572,72],{"class":71},[53,21574,7032],{"class":75},[53,21576,72],{"class":71},[53,21578,191],{"class":67},[53,21580,84],{"class":71},[53,21582,7287],{"class":75},[53,21584,72],{"class":71},[53,21586,81],{"class":67},[53,21588,84],{"class":71},[53,21590,19247],{"class":75},[53,21592,72],{"class":71},[53,21594,191],{"class":67},[53,21596,84],{"class":71},[53,21598,21599],{"class":75},"A",[53,21601,72],{"class":71},[53,21603,81],{"class":67},[53,21605,84],{"class":71},[53,21607,8667],{"class":75},[53,21609,72],{"class":71},[53,21611,191],{"class":67},[53,21613,13217],{"class":273},[53,21615,101],{"class":67},[53,21617,21618],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21619,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21621,21622,21624,21626,21628,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21623,5319],{"class":1105},[53,21625,20934],{"class":59},[53,21627,81],{"class":67},[53,21629,20939],{"class":59},[53,21631,1067],{"class":1105},[53,21633,12270],{"class":59},[53,21635,37],{"class":67},[53,21637,7175],{"class":112},[53,21639,20950],{"class":67},[53,21641,21642,21644,21646,21649,21651,21653,21655,21658,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,21643,7435],{"class":131},[53,21645,116],{"class":67},[53,21647,21648],{"class":1415},"f",[53,21650,72],{"class":75},[53,21652,153],{"class":273},[53,21654,14201],{"class":112},[53,21656,21657],{"class":273},"}",[53,21659,21660],{"class":75},": ",[53,21662,153],{"class":273},[53,21664,236],{"class":112},[53,21666,21657],{"class":273},[53,21668,72],{"class":75},[53,21670,125],{"class":67},[20,21672,21673],{},[30,21674,772],{},[44,21676,21678],{"className":46,"code":21677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21679,21680,21689,21698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21681,21682,21684,21686],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21683,7032],{"class":59},[53,21685,191],{"class":67},[53,21687,21688],{"class":59}," Mia\n",[53,21690,21691,21693,21695],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21692,19247],{"class":59},[53,21694,191],{"class":67},[53,21696,21697],{"class":59}," A\n",[53,21699,21700,21702,21704],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21701,8667],{"class":59},[53,21703,191],{"class":67},[53,21705,21706],{"class":273}," 14\n",[20,21708,21709],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[44,21711,21713],{"className":46,"code":21712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21714,21715,21767,21771,21783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21716,21717,21719,21721,21723,21725,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21718,12227],{"class":59},[53,21720,64],{"class":63},[53,21722,68],{"class":67},[53,21724,72],{"class":71},[53,21726,7032],{"class":75},[53,21728,72],{"class":71},[53,21730,191],{"class":67},[53,21732,84],{"class":71},[53,21734,7287],{"class":75},[53,21736,72],{"class":71},[53,21738,81],{"class":67},[53,21740,84],{"class":71},[53,21742,19247],{"class":75},[53,21744,72],{"class":71},[53,21746,191],{"class":67},[53,21748,84],{"class":71},[53,21750,21599],{"class":75},[53,21752,72],{"class":71},[53,21754,81],{"class":67},[53,21756,84],{"class":71},[53,21758,8667],{"class":75},[53,21760,72],{"class":71},[53,21762,191],{"class":67},[53,21764,13217],{"class":273},[53,21766,101],{"class":67},[53,21768,21769],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21770,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21772,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21774,5319],{"class":1105},[53,21776,17567],{"class":59},[53,21778,1067],{"class":1105},[53,21780,12270],{"class":59},[53,21782,1120],{"class":67},[53,21784,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,21786,7435],{"class":131},[53,21788,116],{"class":67},[53,21790,21648],{"class":1415},[53,21792,72],{"class":75},[53,21794,153],{"class":273},[53,21796,14201],{"class":112},[53,21798,21657],{"class":273},[53,21800,21660],{"class":75},[53,21802,153],{"class":273},[53,21804,12985],{"class":112},[53,21806,3260],{"class":67},[53,21808,14201],{"class":112},[53,21810,12632],{"class":67},[53,21812,21657],{"class":273},[53,21814,72],{"class":75},[53,21816,125],{"class":67},[20,21818,5873,21819,21822],{},[15,21820,21821],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,21824,21825,21826,37],{},"For a full guide, see ",[464,21827,21829],{"href":21828},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[39,21831,21833],{"id":21832},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,21835,21836],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[44,21838,21840],{"className":46,"code":21839,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,21841,21842,21900,21904,21924,21928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21843,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872,21874,21876,21878,21880,21882,21884,21887,21889,21891,21893,21896,21898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21845,60],{"class":59},[53,21847,64],{"class":63},[53,21849,68],{"class":67},[53,21851,72],{"class":71},[53,21853,356],{"class":75},[53,21855,72],{"class":71},[53,21857,191],{"class":67},[53,21859,84],{"class":71},[53,21861,76],{"class":75},[53,21863,72],{"class":71},[53,21865,81],{"class":67},[53,21867,84],{"class":71},[53,21869,365],{"class":75},[53,21871,72],{"class":71},[53,21873,191],{"class":67},[53,21875,84],{"class":71},[53,21877,531],{"class":75},[53,21879,72],{"class":71},[53,21881,81],{"class":67},[53,21883,84],{"class":71},[53,21885,21886],{"class":75},"grape",[53,21888,72],{"class":71},[53,21890,191],{"class":67},[53,21892,84],{"class":71},[53,21894,21895],{"class":75},"purple",[53,21897,72],{"class":71},[53,21899,101],{"class":67},[53,21901,21902],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,21903,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21905,21906,21909,21911,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,21907,21908],{"class":59},"pairs_list ",[53,21910,64],{"class":63},[53,21912,21913],{"class":550}," list",[53,21915,116],{"class":67},[53,21917,107],{"class":112},[53,21919,37],{"class":67},[53,21921,7175],{"class":112},[53,21923,6557],{"class":67},[53,21925,21926],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,21927,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,21929,21930,21932,21934,21937],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,21931,132],{"class":131},[53,21933,116],{"class":67},[53,21935,21936],{"class":112},"pairs_list",[53,21938,125],{"class":67},[20,21940,21941],{},[30,21942,772],{},[44,21944,21946],{"className":46,"code":21945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,21947,21948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,21949,21950,21952,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,21951,21095],{"class":67},[53,21953,156],{"class":71},[53,21955,356],{"class":75},[53,21957,156],{"class":71},[53,21959,81],{"class":67},[53,21961,165],{"class":71},[53,21963,76],{"class":75},[53,21965,156],{"class":71},[53,21967,8602],{"class":67},[53,21969,8605],{"class":67},[53,21971,156],{"class":71},[53,21973,365],{"class":75},[53,21975,156],{"class":71},[53,21977,81],{"class":67},[53,21979,165],{"class":71},[53,21981,531],{"class":75},[53,21983,156],{"class":71},[53,21985,8602],{"class":67},[53,21987,8605],{"class":67},[53,21989,156],{"class":71},[53,21991,21886],{"class":75},[53,21993,156],{"class":71},[53,21995,81],{"class":67},[53,21997,165],{"class":71},[53,21999,21895],{"class":75},[53,22001,156],{"class":71},[53,22003,8618],{"class":67},[20,22005,22006],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22008,22009],{},"Use this when:",[193,22011,22012,22015,22018],{},[196,22013,22014],{},"You want clearer printed output",[196,22016,22017],{},"You need list behavior",[196,22019,22020],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[39,22022,22024,9952,22026,9952,22028],{"id":22023},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22025,16437],{},[15,22027,16424],{},[15,22029,16430],{},[20,22031,22032],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[193,22034,22035,22040,22045],{},[196,22036,22037,22039],{},[15,22038,16437],{}," gives both key and value",[196,22041,22042,22044],{},[15,22043,16424],{}," gives only keys",[196,22046,22047,22049],{},[15,22048,16430],{}," gives only values",[20,22051,1559],{},[44,22053,22055],{"className":46,"code":22054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22056,22057,22093,22097,22115,22133],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22058,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22060,12563],{"class":59},[53,22062,64],{"class":63},[53,22064,68],{"class":67},[53,22066,72],{"class":71},[53,22068,7032],{"class":75},[53,22070,72],{"class":71},[53,22072,191],{"class":67},[53,22074,84],{"class":71},[53,22076,12244],{"class":75},[53,22078,72],{"class":71},[53,22080,81],{"class":67},[53,22082,84],{"class":71},[53,22084,8667],{"class":75},[53,22086,72],{"class":71},[53,22088,191],{"class":67},[53,22090,8674],{"class":273},[53,22092,101],{"class":67},[53,22094,22095],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22096,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,22098,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22100,132],{"class":131},[53,22102,116],{"class":67},[53,22104,7460],{"class":550},[53,22106,116],{"class":67},[53,22108,16666],{"class":112},[53,22110,37],{"class":67},[53,22112,16282],{"class":112},[53,22114,5652],{"class":67},[53,22116,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22129,22131],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,22118,132],{"class":131},[53,22120,116],{"class":67},[53,22122,7460],{"class":550},[53,22124,116],{"class":67},[53,22126,16666],{"class":112},[53,22128,37],{"class":67},[53,22130,4718],{"class":112},[53,22132,5652],{"class":67},[53,22134,22135,22137,22139,22141,22143,22145,22147,22149],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,22136,132],{"class":131},[53,22138,116],{"class":67},[53,22140,7460],{"class":550},[53,22142,116],{"class":67},[53,22144,16666],{"class":112},[53,22146,37],{"class":67},[53,22148,7175],{"class":112},[53,22150,5652],{"class":67},[20,22152,22153],{},[30,22154,772],{},[44,22156,22158],{"className":46,"code":22157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22159,22160,22180,22196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22161,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22172,22174,22176,22178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22163,3260],{"class":67},[53,22165,156],{"class":71},[53,22167,7032],{"class":75},[53,22169,156],{"class":71},[53,22171,81],{"class":67},[53,22173,165],{"class":71},[53,22175,8667],{"class":75},[53,22177,156],{"class":71},[53,22179,2995],{"class":67},[53,22181,22182,22184,22186,22188,22190,22192,22194],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22183,3260],{"class":67},[53,22185,156],{"class":71},[53,22187,12244],{"class":75},[53,22189,156],{"class":71},[53,22191,81],{"class":67},[53,22193,8674],{"class":273},[53,22195,2995],{"class":67},[53,22197,22198,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22199,21095],{"class":67},[53,22201,156],{"class":71},[53,22203,7032],{"class":75},[53,22205,156],{"class":71},[53,22207,81],{"class":67},[53,22209,165],{"class":71},[53,22211,12244],{"class":75},[53,22213,156],{"class":71},[53,22215,8602],{"class":67},[53,22217,8605],{"class":67},[53,22219,156],{"class":71},[53,22221,8667],{"class":75},[53,22223,156],{"class":71},[53,22225,81],{"class":67},[53,22227,8674],{"class":273},[53,22229,8618],{"class":67},[20,22231,22232],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[193,22234,22235,22243,22251],{},[196,22236,22237,22238],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[464,22239,22241],{"href":22240},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22242,16424],{},[196,22244,22245,22246],{},"Need just values? Use ",[464,22247,22249],{"href":22248},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22250,16430],{},[196,22252,22253,22254],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22255,16437],{},[39,22257,4319,22259],{"id":22258},"when-to-use-items",[15,22260,16437],{},[20,22262,22263,22265],{},[15,22264,16437],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[193,22267,22268,22271,22274,22277,22280],{},[196,22269,22270],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[196,22272,22273],{},"Building formatted output",[196,22275,22276],{},"Looping through settings and values",[196,22278,22279],{},"Showing names with scores",[196,22281,22282],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22284,1559],{},[44,22286,22288],{"className":46,"code":22287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22289,22290,22298,22316,22335,22347,22351,22355,22376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22291,22292,22294,22296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22293,13185],{"class":59},[53,22295,64],{"class":63},[53,22297,10857],{"class":67},[53,22299,22300,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22301,10862],{"class":71},[53,22303,11859],{"class":75},[53,22305,72],{"class":71},[53,22307,191],{"class":67},[53,22309,84],{"class":71},[53,22311,11868],{"class":75},[53,22313,72],{"class":71},[53,22315,10878],{"class":67},[53,22317,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22331,22333],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22319,10862],{"class":71},[53,22321,19479],{"class":75},[53,22323,72],{"class":71},[53,22325,191],{"class":67},[53,22327,84],{"class":71},[53,22329,22330],{"class":75},"English",[53,22332,72],{"class":71},[53,22334,10878],{"class":67},[53,22336,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,22338,10862],{"class":71},[53,22340,17883],{"class":75},[53,22342,72],{"class":71},[53,22344,191],{"class":67},[53,22346,5785],{"class":938},[53,22348,22349],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,22350,101],{"class":67},[53,22352,22353],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,22354,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,22356,22357,22359,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,22358,5319],{"class":1105},[53,22360,22361],{"class":59}," setting",[53,22363,81],{"class":67},[53,22365,20939],{"class":59},[53,22367,1067],{"class":1105},[53,22369,13229],{"class":59},[53,22371,37],{"class":67},[53,22373,7175],{"class":112},[53,22375,20950],{"class":67},[53,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22391,22393,22396,22398,22400,22402,22404],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,22379,7435],{"class":131},[53,22381,116],{"class":67},[53,22383,21648],{"class":1415},[53,22385,72],{"class":75},[53,22387,153],{"class":273},[53,22389,22390],{"class":112},"setting",[53,22392,21657],{"class":273},[53,22394,22395],{"class":75}," = ",[53,22397,153],{"class":273},[53,22399,236],{"class":112},[53,22401,21657],{"class":273},[53,22403,72],{"class":75},[53,22405,125],{"class":67},[20,22407,22408],{},[30,22409,772],{},[44,22411,22413],{"className":46,"code":22412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22414,22415,22425,22435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22416,22417,22420,22422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22418,22419],{"class":59},"theme ",[53,22421,64],{"class":63},[53,22423,22424],{"class":59}," dark\n",[53,22426,22427,22430,22432],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22428,22429],{"class":59},"language ",[53,22431,64],{"class":63},[53,22433,22434],{"class":59}," English\n",[53,22436,22437,22440,22442],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22438,22439],{"class":59},"notifications ",[53,22441,64],{"class":63},[53,22443,5785],{"class":938},[39,22445,2185],{"id":2184},[20,22447,22448,22449,37],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22450,16437],{},[599,22452,22454,22455,22457],{"id":22453},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22456,16437],{}," incorrectly",[20,22459,22460,22461,22463,22464,22467],{},"Each result from ",[15,22462,16437],{}," has ",[30,22465,22466],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22469,6051],{},[44,22471,22472],{"className":46,"code":20885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,22473,22474,22510,22514,22534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22475,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22477,12563],{"class":59},[53,22479,64],{"class":63},[53,22481,68],{"class":67},[53,22483,72],{"class":71},[53,22485,7032],{"class":75},[53,22487,72],{"class":71},[53,22489,191],{"class":67},[53,22491,84],{"class":71},[53,22493,12244],{"class":75},[53,22495,72],{"class":71},[53,22497,81],{"class":67},[53,22499,84],{"class":71},[53,22501,8667],{"class":75},[53,22503,72],{"class":71},[53,22505,191],{"class":67},[53,22507,8674],{"class":273},[53,22509,101],{"class":67},[53,22511,22512],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22513,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,22515,22516,22518,22520,22522,22524,22526,22528,22530,22532],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22517,5319],{"class":1105},[53,22519,20934],{"class":59},[53,22521,81],{"class":67},[53,22523,20939],{"class":59},[53,22525,1067],{"class":1105},[53,22527,12606],{"class":59},[53,22529,37],{"class":67},[53,22531,7175],{"class":112},[53,22533,20950],{"class":67},[53,22535,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,22537,7435],{"class":131},[53,22539,116],{"class":67},[53,22541,14201],{"class":112},[53,22543,81],{"class":67},[53,22545,7801],{"class":112},[53,22547,125],{"class":67},[20,22549,22550],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[44,22552,22554],{"className":46,"code":22553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22555,22556,22592,22596,22612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22557,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572,22574,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588,22590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22559,12563],{"class":59},[53,22561,64],{"class":63},[53,22563,68],{"class":67},[53,22565,72],{"class":71},[53,22567,7032],{"class":75},[53,22569,72],{"class":71},[53,22571,191],{"class":67},[53,22573,84],{"class":71},[53,22575,12244],{"class":75},[53,22577,72],{"class":71},[53,22579,81],{"class":67},[53,22581,84],{"class":71},[53,22583,8667],{"class":75},[53,22585,72],{"class":71},[53,22587,191],{"class":67},[53,22589,8674],{"class":273},[53,22591,101],{"class":67},[53,22593,22594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22595,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,22597,22598,22600,22602,22604,22606,22608,22610],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22599,5319],{"class":1105},[53,22601,17567],{"class":59},[53,22603,1067],{"class":1105},[53,22605,12606],{"class":59},[53,22607,37],{"class":67},[53,22609,7175],{"class":112},[53,22611,20950],{"class":67},[53,22613,22614,22616,22618,22620],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,22615,7435],{"class":131},[53,22617,116],{"class":67},[53,22619,14201],{"class":112},[53,22621,125],{"class":67},[20,22623,22624,22625,22627,22628,22631],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22626,14201],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22629,22630],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22633,22634],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[44,22636,22638],{"className":46,"code":22637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22639,22640,22656],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22641,22642,22644,22646,22648,22650,22652,22654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22643,5319],{"class":1105},[53,22645,5322],{"class":59},[53,22647,1067],{"class":1105},[53,22649,12606],{"class":59},[53,22651,37],{"class":67},[53,22653,7175],{"class":112},[53,22655,20950],{"class":67},[53,22657,22658,22660,22662,22665],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22659,7435],{"class":131},[53,22661,116],{"class":67},[53,22663,22664],{"class":112},"item",[53,22666,125],{"class":67},[20,22668,22669],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[44,22671,22673],{"className":46,"code":22672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22674,22675,22695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22676,22677,22679,22681,22683,22685,22687,22689,22691,22693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22678,5319],{"class":1105},[53,22680,20934],{"class":59},[53,22682,81],{"class":67},[53,22684,20939],{"class":59},[53,22686,1067],{"class":1105},[53,22688,12606],{"class":59},[53,22690,37],{"class":67},[53,22692,7175],{"class":112},[53,22694,20950],{"class":67},[53,22696,22697,22699,22701,22703,22705,22707],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22698,7435],{"class":131},[53,22700,116],{"class":67},[53,22702,14201],{"class":112},[53,22704,81],{"class":67},[53,22706,7801],{"class":112},[53,22708,125],{"class":67},[599,22710,838,22712,22714],{"id":22711},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22713,16437],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22716,22717,21330,22719,22721],{},[15,22718,16437],{},[15,22720,21263],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22723,22724],{},"Check it:",[44,22726,22728],{"className":46,"code":22727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22729,22730,22762,22766,22780,22798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22731,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22733,11089],{"class":59},[53,22735,64],{"class":63},[53,22737,68],{"class":67},[53,22739,72],{"class":71},[53,22741,464],{"class":75},[53,22743,72],{"class":71},[53,22745,191],{"class":67},[53,22747,4858],{"class":273},[53,22749,81],{"class":67},[53,22751,84],{"class":71},[53,22753,637],{"class":75},[53,22755,72],{"class":71},[53,22757,191],{"class":67},[53,22759,279],{"class":273},[53,22761,101],{"class":67},[53,22763,22764],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22765,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,22767,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22769,132],{"class":131},[53,22771,116],{"class":67},[53,22773,10815],{"class":112},[53,22775,37],{"class":67},[53,22777,7175],{"class":112},[53,22779,6557],{"class":67},[53,22781,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794,22796],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,22783,132],{"class":131},[53,22785,116],{"class":67},[53,22787,2578],{"class":550},[53,22789,116],{"class":67},[53,22791,10815],{"class":112},[53,22793,37],{"class":67},[53,22795,7175],{"class":112},[53,22797,5652],{"class":67},[53,22799,22800,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,22801,132],{"class":131},[53,22803,116],{"class":67},[53,22805,7460],{"class":550},[53,22807,116],{"class":67},[53,22809,10815],{"class":112},[53,22811,37],{"class":67},[53,22813,7175],{"class":112},[53,22815,5652],{"class":67},[20,22817,22818],{},[30,22819,772],{},[44,22821,22823],{"className":46,"code":22822,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,22824,22825,22857,22871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22826,22827,22829,22831,22833,22835,22837,22839,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22828,21263],{"class":112},[53,22830,9025],{"class":67},[53,22832,156],{"class":71},[53,22834,464],{"class":75},[53,22836,156],{"class":71},[53,22838,81],{"class":67},[53,22840,4858],{"class":273},[53,22842,8602],{"class":67},[53,22844,8605],{"class":67},[53,22846,156],{"class":71},[53,22848,637],{"class":75},[53,22850,156],{"class":71},[53,22852,81],{"class":67},[53,22854,279],{"class":273},[53,22856,10046],{"class":67},[53,22858,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22860,2647],{"class":63},[53,22862,2650],{"class":1415},[53,22864,165],{"class":71},[53,22866,21263],{"class":75},[53,22868,156],{"class":71},[53,22870,2659],{"class":63},[53,22872,22873,22875,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897,22899],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22874,21095],{"class":67},[53,22876,156],{"class":71},[53,22878,464],{"class":75},[53,22880,156],{"class":71},[53,22882,81],{"class":67},[53,22884,4858],{"class":273},[53,22886,8602],{"class":67},[53,22888,8605],{"class":67},[53,22890,156],{"class":71},[53,22892,637],{"class":75},[53,22894,156],{"class":71},[53,22896,81],{"class":67},[53,22898,279],{"class":273},[53,22900,8618],{"class":67},[599,22902,22904,22905],{"id":22903},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,22906,16437],{},[20,22908,22909],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,22911,22912],{},"Problem example:",[44,22914,22916],{"className":46,"code":22915,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,22917,22918,22962,22966,22986,22998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,22919,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,22921,266],{"class":59},[53,22923,64],{"class":63},[53,22925,68],{"class":67},[53,22927,72],{"class":71},[53,22929,464],{"class":75},[53,22931,72],{"class":71},[53,22933,191],{"class":67},[53,22935,4858],{"class":273},[53,22937,81],{"class":67},[53,22939,84],{"class":71},[53,22941,637],{"class":75},[53,22943,72],{"class":71},[53,22945,191],{"class":67},[53,22947,279],{"class":273},[53,22949,81],{"class":67},[53,22951,84],{"class":71},[53,22953,646],{"class":75},[53,22955,72],{"class":71},[53,22957,191],{"class":67},[53,22959,284],{"class":273},[53,22961,101],{"class":67},[53,22963,22964],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,22965,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,22967,22968,22970,22972,22974,22976,22978,22980,22982,22984],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,22969,5319],{"class":1105},[53,22971,20934],{"class":59},[53,22973,81],{"class":67},[53,22975,20939],{"class":59},[53,22977,1067],{"class":1105},[53,22979,3622],{"class":59},[53,22981,37],{"class":67},[53,22983,7175],{"class":112},[53,22985,20950],{"class":67},[53,22987,22988,22990,22992,22994,22996],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,22989,5760],{"class":1105},[53,22991,20939],{"class":59},[53,22993,4046],{"class":63},[53,22995,279],{"class":273},[53,22997,1120],{"class":67},[53,22999,23000,23003,23005,23007,23009,23011,23013,23015],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,23001,23002],{"class":59},"        numbers",[53,23004,3260],{"class":67},[53,23006,72],{"class":71},[53,23008,666],{"class":75},[53,23010,72],{"class":71},[53,23012,12632],{"class":67},[53,23014,12635],{"class":63},[53,23016,23017],{"class":273}," 4\n",[20,23019,23020],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23022,23023],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[44,23025,23027],{"className":46,"code":23026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23028,23029,23073,23077,23102,23114,23132,23136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23030,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039,23041,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057,23059,23061,23063,23065,23067,23069,23071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23032,266],{"class":59},[53,23034,64],{"class":63},[53,23036,68],{"class":67},[53,23038,72],{"class":71},[53,23040,464],{"class":75},[53,23042,72],{"class":71},[53,23044,191],{"class":67},[53,23046,4858],{"class":273},[53,23048,81],{"class":67},[53,23050,84],{"class":71},[53,23052,637],{"class":75},[53,23054,72],{"class":71},[53,23056,191],{"class":67},[53,23058,279],{"class":273},[53,23060,81],{"class":67},[53,23062,84],{"class":71},[53,23064,646],{"class":75},[53,23066,72],{"class":71},[53,23068,191],{"class":67},[53,23070,284],{"class":273},[53,23072,101],{"class":67},[53,23074,23075],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23076,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23078,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,23080,5319],{"class":1105},[53,23082,20934],{"class":59},[53,23084,81],{"class":67},[53,23086,20939],{"class":59},[53,23088,1067],{"class":1105},[53,23090,21913],{"class":550},[53,23092,116],{"class":67},[53,23094,291],{"class":112},[53,23096,37],{"class":67},[53,23098,7175],{"class":112},[53,23100,23101],{"class":67},"()):\n",[53,23103,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,23105,5760],{"class":1105},[53,23107,20939],{"class":59},[53,23109,4046],{"class":63},[53,23111,279],{"class":273},[53,23113,1120],{"class":67},[53,23115,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,23117,23002],{"class":59},[53,23119,3260],{"class":67},[53,23121,72],{"class":71},[53,23123,666],{"class":75},[53,23125,72],{"class":71},[53,23127,12632],{"class":67},[53,23129,12635],{"class":63},[53,23131,23017],{"class":273},[53,23133,23134],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,23135,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23137,23138,23140,23142,23144],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,23139,132],{"class":131},[53,23141,116],{"class":67},[53,23143,291],{"class":112},[53,23145,125],{"class":67},[599,23147,23149],{"id":23148},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23151,23152],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[44,23154,23156],{"className":46,"code":23155,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23157,23158,23190,23194,23210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23159,23160,23162,23164,23166,23168,23170,23172,23174,23176,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23161,8534],{"class":59},[53,23163,64],{"class":63},[53,23165,68],{"class":67},[53,23167,72],{"class":71},[53,23169,1524],{"class":75},[53,23171,72],{"class":71},[53,23173,191],{"class":67},[53,23175,5366],{"class":273},[53,23177,81],{"class":67},[53,23179,84],{"class":71},[53,23181,11110],{"class":75},[53,23183,72],{"class":71},[53,23185,191],{"class":67},[53,23187,7155],{"class":273},[53,23189,101],{"class":67},[53,23191,23192],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23193,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23195,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,23197,5319],{"class":1105},[53,23199,5322],{"class":59},[53,23201,1067],{"class":1105},[53,23203,13926],{"class":59},[53,23205,37],{"class":67},[53,23207,7175],{"class":112},[53,23209,20950],{"class":67},[53,23211,23212,23214,23216,23218],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,23213,7435],{"class":131},[53,23215,116],{"class":67},[53,23217,22664],{"class":112},[53,23219,125],{"class":67},[20,23221,23222],{},[30,23223,772],{},[44,23225,23227],{"className":46,"code":23226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23228,23229,23245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23230,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239,23241,23243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23232,116],{"class":67},[53,23234,156],{"class":71},[53,23236,1524],{"class":75},[53,23238,156],{"class":71},[53,23240,81],{"class":67},[53,23242,5366],{"class":273},[53,23244,125],{"class":67},[53,23246,23247,23249,23251,23253,23255,23257,23259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23248,116],{"class":67},[53,23250,156],{"class":71},[53,23252,11110],{"class":75},[53,23254,156],{"class":71},[53,23256,81],{"class":67},[53,23258,7155],{"class":273},[53,23260,125],{"class":67},[20,23262,23263,23264,23266],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23265,21010],{}," pair.",[39,23268,1187],{"id":1186},[599,23270,23272,23273,4504],{"id":23271},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23274,16437],{},[20,23276,16781,23277,23279],{},[15,23278,21263],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[599,23281,1191,23283,23285],{"id":23282},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23284,16437],{}," return a list?",[20,23287,23288,23289,23292],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23290,23291],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[599,23294,23296,23297,1222],{"id":23295},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23298,16437],{},[20,23300,23301],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[44,23303,23305],{"className":46,"code":23304,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23306,23307,23327],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23308,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23310,5319],{"class":1105},[53,23312,20934],{"class":59},[53,23314,81],{"class":67},[53,23316,20939],{"class":59},[53,23318,1067],{"class":1105},[53,23320,11131],{"class":59},[53,23322,37],{"class":67},[53,23324,7175],{"class":112},[53,23326,20950],{"class":67},[53,23328,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23330,7435],{"class":131},[53,23332,116],{"class":67},[53,23334,14201],{"class":112},[53,23336,81],{"class":67},[53,23338,7801],{"class":112},[53,23340,125],{"class":67},[599,23342,1191,23344,23346],{"id":23343},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23345,16437],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23348,23349],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[39,23351,1244],{"id":1243},[193,23353,23354,23360,23366,23371,23375],{},[196,23355,23356],{},[464,23357,10104,23358,830],{"href":22240},[15,23359,16424],{},[196,23361,23362],{},[464,23363,10104,23364,830],{"href":22248},[15,23365,16430],{},[196,23367,23368],{},[464,23369,23370],{"href":21828},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[196,23372,23373],{},[464,23374,8524],{"href":12387},[196,23376,23377],{},[464,23378,23379],{"href":21133},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1276,23381,23382],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":23384},[23385,23386,23388,23389,23390,23392,23393,23395,23397,23406,23416],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":20993,"depth":104,"text":23387},"What items() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":21324,"depth":104,"text":21325},{"id":21549,"depth":104,"text":23391},"Looping with items()",{"id":21832,"depth":104,"text":21833},{"id":22023,"depth":104,"text":23394},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22258,"depth":104,"text":23396},"When to use items()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":23398},[23399,23401,23403,23405],{"id":22453,"depth":128,"text":23400},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22711,"depth":128,"text":23402},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":22903,"depth":128,"text":23404},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23148,"depth":128,"text":23149},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":23407},[23408,23410,23412,23414],{"id":23271,"depth":128,"text":23409},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23282,"depth":128,"text":23411},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23295,"depth":128,"text":23413},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23343,"depth":128,"text":23415},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":20861,"description":23417},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23424,"title":23425,"body":23426,"description":25517,"extension":1312,"meta":25518,"navigation":383,"path":22240,"seo":25519,"stem":25520,"__hash__":25521},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23427,"toc":25483},[23428,23433,23439,23442,23453,23460,23462,23545,23549,23596,23601,23606,23611,23613,23629,23631,23730,23734,23791,23794,23796,23799,23892,23896,23959,23962,23978,23983,23985,23987,24002,24004,24015,24017,24060,24063,24107,24110,24112,24119,24122,24139,24141,24234,24238,24279,24291,24295,24298,24386,24390,24410,24413,24440,24447,24452,24456,24467,24469,24573,24577,24603,24606,24673,24678,24681,24704,24709,24713,24718,24724,24729,24731,24786,24790,24817,24824,24830,24833,24858,24864,24890,24893,24968,24975,24980,24982,25021,25039,25043,25046,25089,25092,25094,25113,25115,25120,25145,25148,25218,25221,25294,25298,25300,25361,25364,25380,25382,25387,25392,25399,25408,25414,25420,25427,25433,25437,25442,25444,25480],[10,23429,10684,23431,18],{"id":23430},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23432,16424],{},[20,23434,23435,23436,23438],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23437,16424],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23440,23441],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[193,23443,23444,23447,23450],{},[196,23445,23446],{},"view the available keys",[196,23448,23449],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[196,23451,23452],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23454,23455,23457,23458,37],{},[15,23456,16424],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23459,16373],{},[39,23461,42],{"id":41},[44,23463,23465],{"className":46,"code":23464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23466,23467,23503,23517,23521,23531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23468,23469,23471,23473,23475,23477,23479,23481,23483,23485,23487,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23470,12227],{"class":59},[53,23472,64],{"class":63},[53,23474,68],{"class":67},[53,23476,72],{"class":71},[53,23478,7032],{"class":75},[53,23480,72],{"class":71},[53,23482,191],{"class":67},[53,23484,84],{"class":71},[53,23486,12244],{"class":75},[53,23488,72],{"class":71},[53,23490,81],{"class":67},[53,23492,84],{"class":71},[53,23494,8667],{"class":75},[53,23496,72],{"class":71},[53,23498,191],{"class":67},[53,23500,7155],{"class":273},[53,23502,101],{"class":67},[53,23504,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23506,16601],{"class":59},[53,23508,64],{"class":63},[53,23510,12270],{"class":59},[53,23512,37],{"class":67},[53,23514,16282],{"class":112},[53,23516,8011],{"class":67},[53,23518,23519],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,23520,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23522,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,23524,132],{"class":131},[53,23526,116],{"class":67},[53,23528,16282],{"class":112},[53,23530,125],{"class":67},[53,23532,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,23534,132],{"class":131},[53,23536,116],{"class":67},[53,23538,7460],{"class":550},[53,23540,116],{"class":67},[53,23542,16282],{"class":112},[53,23544,1377],{"class":67},[20,23546,23547],{},[30,23548,772],{},[44,23550,23552],{"className":46,"code":23551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23553,23554,23576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23555,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568,23570,23572,23574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23557,16373],{"class":112},[53,23559,2341],{"class":67},[53,23561,156],{"class":71},[53,23563,7032],{"class":75},[53,23565,156],{"class":71},[53,23567,81],{"class":67},[53,23569,165],{"class":71},[53,23571,8667],{"class":75},[53,23573,156],{"class":71},[53,23575,3248],{"class":67},[53,23577,23578,23580,23582,23584,23586,23588,23590,23592,23594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23579,3260],{"class":67},[53,23581,156],{"class":71},[53,23583,7032],{"class":75},[53,23585,156],{"class":71},[53,23587,81],{"class":67},[53,23589,165],{"class":71},[53,23591,8667],{"class":75},[53,23593,156],{"class":71},[53,23595,2995],{"class":67},[20,23597,174,23598,23600],{},[15,23599,16424],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[39,23602,183,23604,186],{"id":23603},"what-keys-does",[15,23605,16424],{},[20,23607,23608,23610],{},[15,23609,16424],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23612,10824],{},[193,23614,23615,23618,23621,23626],{},[196,23616,23617],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[196,23619,23620],{},"It does not need any arguments",[196,23622,16781,23623,23625],{},[15,23624,16373],{}," view object, not a list",[196,23627,23628],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23630,1559],{},[44,23632,23634],{"className":46,"code":23633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23635,23636,23672,23676,23690,23694,23716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23637,23638,23640,23642,23644,23646,23648,23650,23652,23654,23656,23658,23660,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23639,12563],{"class":59},[53,23641,64],{"class":63},[53,23643,68],{"class":67},[53,23645,72],{"class":71},[53,23647,7032],{"class":75},[53,23649,72],{"class":71},[53,23651,191],{"class":67},[53,23653,84],{"class":71},[53,23655,12580],{"class":75},[53,23657,72],{"class":71},[53,23659,81],{"class":67},[53,23661,84],{"class":71},[53,23663,8667],{"class":75},[53,23665,72],{"class":71},[53,23667,191],{"class":67},[53,23669,8674],{"class":273},[53,23671,101],{"class":67},[53,23673,23674],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23675,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23677,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,23679,132],{"class":131},[53,23681,116],{"class":67},[53,23683,16666],{"class":112},[53,23685,37],{"class":67},[53,23687,16282],{"class":112},[53,23689,6557],{"class":67},[53,23691,23692],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,23693,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23695,23696,23698,23700,23702,23704,23706,23708,23710,23712,23714],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,23697,16666],{"class":59},[53,23699,3260],{"class":67},[53,23701,72],{"class":71},[53,23703,9776],{"class":75},[53,23705,72],{"class":71},[53,23707,12632],{"class":67},[53,23709,12635],{"class":63},[53,23711,84],{"class":71},[53,23713,9783],{"class":75},[53,23715,2715],{"class":71},[53,23717,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,23719,132],{"class":131},[53,23721,116],{"class":67},[53,23723,16666],{"class":112},[53,23725,37],{"class":67},[53,23727,16282],{"class":112},[53,23729,6557],{"class":67},[20,23731,23732],{},[30,23733,772],{},[44,23735,23737],{"className":46,"code":23736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23738,23739,23761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23740,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23742,16373],{"class":112},[53,23744,2341],{"class":67},[53,23746,156],{"class":71},[53,23748,7032],{"class":75},[53,23750,156],{"class":71},[53,23752,81],{"class":67},[53,23754,165],{"class":71},[53,23756,8667],{"class":75},[53,23758,156],{"class":71},[53,23760,3248],{"class":67},[53,23762,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23764,16373],{"class":112},[53,23766,2341],{"class":67},[53,23768,156],{"class":71},[53,23770,7032],{"class":75},[53,23772,156],{"class":71},[53,23774,81],{"class":67},[53,23776,165],{"class":71},[53,23778,8667],{"class":75},[53,23780,156],{"class":71},[53,23782,81],{"class":67},[53,23784,165],{"class":71},[53,23786,9776],{"class":75},[53,23788,156],{"class":71},[53,23790,3248],{"class":67},[20,23792,23793],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[39,23795,5148],{"id":5147},[20,23797,23798],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[44,23800,23802],{"className":46,"code":23801,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,23803,23804,23856,23860,23874],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23805,23806,23808,23810,23812,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832,23834,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23807,8534],{"class":59},[53,23809,64],{"class":63},[53,23811,68],{"class":67},[53,23813,72],{"class":71},[53,23815,7032],{"class":75},[53,23817,72],{"class":71},[53,23819,191],{"class":67},[53,23821,84],{"class":71},[53,23823,12244],{"class":75},[53,23825,72],{"class":71},[53,23827,81],{"class":67},[53,23829,84],{"class":71},[53,23831,8667],{"class":75},[53,23833,72],{"class":71},[53,23835,191],{"class":67},[53,23837,7155],{"class":273},[53,23839,81],{"class":67},[53,23841,84],{"class":71},[53,23843,19247],{"class":75},[53,23845,72],{"class":71},[53,23847,191],{"class":67},[53,23849,84],{"class":71},[53,23851,21599],{"class":75},[53,23853,72],{"class":71},[53,23855,101],{"class":67},[53,23857,23858],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23859,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,23861,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,23863,132],{"class":131},[53,23865,116],{"class":67},[53,23867,8573],{"class":112},[53,23869,37],{"class":67},[53,23871,16282],{"class":112},[53,23873,6557],{"class":67},[53,23875,23876,23878,23880,23882,23884,23886,23888,23890],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,23877,132],{"class":131},[53,23879,116],{"class":67},[53,23881,7460],{"class":550},[53,23883,116],{"class":67},[53,23885,8573],{"class":112},[53,23887,37],{"class":67},[53,23889,16282],{"class":112},[53,23891,5652],{"class":67},[20,23893,23894],{},[30,23895,772],{},[44,23897,23899],{"className":46,"code":23898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,23900,23901,23931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23902,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913,23915,23917,23919,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23904,16373],{"class":112},[53,23906,2341],{"class":67},[53,23908,156],{"class":71},[53,23910,7032],{"class":75},[53,23912,156],{"class":71},[53,23914,81],{"class":67},[53,23916,165],{"class":71},[53,23918,8667],{"class":75},[53,23920,156],{"class":71},[53,23922,81],{"class":67},[53,23924,165],{"class":71},[53,23926,19247],{"class":75},[53,23928,156],{"class":71},[53,23930,3248],{"class":67},[53,23932,23933,23935,23937,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,23934,3260],{"class":67},[53,23936,156],{"class":71},[53,23938,7032],{"class":75},[53,23940,156],{"class":71},[53,23942,81],{"class":67},[53,23944,165],{"class":71},[53,23946,8667],{"class":75},[53,23948,156],{"class":71},[53,23950,81],{"class":67},[53,23952,165],{"class":71},[53,23954,19247],{"class":75},[53,23956,156],{"class":71},[53,23958,2995],{"class":67},[20,23960,23961],{},"This shows two things:",[193,23963,23964,23972],{},[196,23965,23966,21330,23969,23971],{},[15,23967,23968],{},"data.keys()",[15,23970,16373],{}," object",[196,23973,23974,23977],{},[15,23975,23976],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,23979,8520,23980,37],{},[464,23981,23982],{"href":8758},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[39,23984,4791],{"id":4790},[20,23986,1510],{},[44,23988,23990],{"className":46,"code":23989,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,23991,23992],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,23993,23994,23996,23998,24000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,23995,10815],{"class":59},[53,23997,37],{"class":67},[53,23999,16282],{"class":112},[53,24001,8011],{"class":67},[20,24003,21155],{},[193,24005,24006,24009,24012],{},[196,24007,24008],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[196,24010,24011],{},"It takes no parameters",[196,24013,24014],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24016,941],{},[44,24018,24020],{"className":46,"code":24019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24021,24022,24046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24023,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032,24034,24036,24038,24040,24042,24044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24025,12227],{"class":59},[53,24027,64],{"class":63},[53,24029,68],{"class":67},[53,24031,72],{"class":71},[53,24033,7032],{"class":75},[53,24035,72],{"class":71},[53,24037,191],{"class":67},[53,24039,84],{"class":71},[53,24041,12244],{"class":75},[53,24043,72],{"class":71},[53,24045,101],{"class":67},[53,24047,24048,24050,24052,24054,24056,24058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24049,132],{"class":131},[53,24051,116],{"class":67},[53,24053,12985],{"class":112},[53,24055,37],{"class":67},[53,24057,16282],{"class":112},[53,24059,6557],{"class":67},[20,24061,24062],{},"Incorrect:",[44,24064,24066],{"className":46,"code":24065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24067,24068,24092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24069,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24071,12227],{"class":59},[53,24073,64],{"class":63},[53,24075,68],{"class":67},[53,24077,72],{"class":71},[53,24079,7032],{"class":75},[53,24081,72],{"class":71},[53,24083,191],{"class":67},[53,24085,84],{"class":71},[53,24087,12244],{"class":75},[53,24089,72],{"class":71},[53,24091,101],{"class":67},[53,24093,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24105],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24095,132],{"class":131},[53,24097,116],{"class":67},[53,24099,12985],{"class":112},[53,24101,37],{"class":67},[53,24103,16282],{"class":24104},"skxfh",[53,24106,125],{"class":67},[20,24108,24109],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[39,24111,16778],{"id":16777},[20,24113,24114,21330,24116,24118],{},[15,24115,16424],{},[15,24117,16373],{}," object.",[20,24120,24121],{},"This object:",[193,24123,24124,24127,24130,24136],{},[196,24125,24126],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[196,24128,24129],{},"can be used in a loop",[196,24131,24132,24133],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24134,24135],{},"list()",[196,24137,24138],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24140,1559],{},[44,24142,24144],{"className":46,"code":24143,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24145,24146,24187,24191,24206,24210,24220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24147,24148,24151,24153,24155,24157,24160,24162,24164,24166,24169,24171,24173,24175,24178,24180,24182,24185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24149,24150],{"class":59},"car ",[53,24152,64],{"class":63},[53,24154,68],{"class":67},[53,24156,72],{"class":71},[53,24158,24159],{"class":75},"brand",[53,24161,72],{"class":71},[53,24163,191],{"class":67},[53,24165,84],{"class":71},[53,24167,24168],{"class":75},"Toyota",[53,24170,72],{"class":71},[53,24172,81],{"class":67},[53,24174,84],{"class":71},[53,24176,24177],{"class":75},"year",[53,24179,72],{"class":71},[53,24181,191],{"class":67},[53,24183,24184],{"class":273}," 2020",[53,24186,101],{"class":67},[53,24188,24189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24190,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,24192,24193,24195,24197,24200,24202,24204],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24194,1582],{"class":59},[53,24196,64],{"class":63},[53,24198,24199],{"class":59}," car",[53,24201,37],{"class":67},[53,24203,16282],{"class":112},[53,24205,8011],{"class":67},[53,24207,24208],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,24209,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,24211,24212,24214,24216,24218],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,24213,132],{"class":131},[53,24215,116],{"class":67},[53,24217,1617],{"class":112},[53,24219,125],{"class":67},[53,24221,24222,24224,24226,24228,24230,24232],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,24223,132],{"class":131},[53,24225,116],{"class":67},[53,24227,2578],{"class":550},[53,24229,116],{"class":67},[53,24231,1617],{"class":112},[53,24233,1377],{"class":67},[20,24235,24236],{},[30,24237,772],{},[44,24239,24241],{"className":46,"code":24240,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24242,24243,24265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24244,24245,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257,24259,24261,24263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24246,16373],{"class":112},[53,24248,2341],{"class":67},[53,24250,156],{"class":71},[53,24252,24159],{"class":75},[53,24254,156],{"class":71},[53,24256,81],{"class":67},[53,24258,165],{"class":71},[53,24260,24177],{"class":75},[53,24262,156],{"class":71},[53,24264,3248],{"class":67},[53,24266,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24268,2647],{"class":63},[53,24270,2650],{"class":1415},[53,24272,165],{"class":71},[53,24274,16373],{"class":75},[53,24276,156],{"class":71},[53,24278,2659],{"class":63},[20,24280,24281,24282,24286,24287,37],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[464,24283,10104,24284,830],{"href":16427},[15,24285,16430],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[464,24288,10104,24289,830],{"href":16434},[15,24290,16437],{},[39,24292,24294],{"id":24293},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24296,24297],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[44,24299,24301],{"className":46,"code":24300,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24302,24303,24356,24360,24376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24304,24305,24307,24309,24311,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333,24335,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24347,24349,24352,24354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24306,12227],{"class":59},[53,24308,64],{"class":63},[53,24310,68],{"class":67},[53,24312,72],{"class":71},[53,24314,7032],{"class":75},[53,24316,72],{"class":71},[53,24318,191],{"class":67},[53,24320,84],{"class":71},[53,24322,12244],{"class":75},[53,24324,72],{"class":71},[53,24326,81],{"class":67},[53,24328,84],{"class":71},[53,24330,8667],{"class":75},[53,24332,72],{"class":71},[53,24334,191],{"class":67},[53,24336,7155],{"class":273},[53,24338,81],{"class":67},[53,24340,84],{"class":71},[53,24342,14689],{"class":75},[53,24344,72],{"class":71},[53,24346,191],{"class":67},[53,24348,84],{"class":71},[53,24350,24351],{"class":75},"Math",[53,24353,72],{"class":71},[53,24355,101],{"class":67},[53,24357,24358],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24359,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,24361,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24363,5319],{"class":1105},[53,24365,17567],{"class":59},[53,24367,1067],{"class":1105},[53,24369,12270],{"class":59},[53,24371,37],{"class":67},[53,24373,16282],{"class":112},[53,24375,20950],{"class":67},[53,24377,24378,24380,24382,24384],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,24379,7435],{"class":131},[53,24381,116],{"class":67},[53,24383,14201],{"class":112},[53,24385,125],{"class":67},[20,24387,24388],{},[30,24389,772],{},[44,24391,24393],{"className":46,"code":24392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24394,24395,24400,24405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24396,24397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24398,24399],{"class":59},"name\n",[53,24401,24402],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24403,24404],{"class":59},"age\n",[53,24406,24407],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24408,24409],{"class":59},"course\n",[20,24411,24412],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[44,24414,24416],{"className":46,"code":24415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24417,24418,24430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24419,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24421,5319],{"class":1105},[53,24423,17567],{"class":59},[53,24425,1067],{"class":1105},[53,24427,12270],{"class":59},[53,24429,1120],{"class":67},[53,24431,24432,24434,24436,24438],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24433,7435],{"class":131},[53,24435,116],{"class":67},[53,24437,14201],{"class":112},[53,24439,125],{"class":67},[20,24441,24442,24443,24446],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24444,24445],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[39,24448,4319,24450],{"id":24449},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24451,16424],{},[20,24453,174,24454,9968],{},[15,24455,16424],{},[193,24457,24458,24461,24464],{},[196,24459,24460],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[196,24462,24463],{},"you want to display available fields",[196,24465,24466],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24468,1559],{},[44,24470,24472],{"className":46,"code":24471,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24473,24474,24527,24531,24546,24563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24475,24476,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24496,24498,24500,24502,24505,24507,24509,24512,24514,24516,24519,24521,24523,24525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24477,24478],{"class":59},"product ",[53,24480,64],{"class":63},[53,24482,68],{"class":67},[53,24484,72],{"class":71},[53,24486,7032],{"class":75},[53,24488,72],{"class":71},[53,24490,191],{"class":67},[53,24492,84],{"class":71},[53,24494,24495],{"class":75},"Book",[53,24497,72],{"class":71},[53,24499,81],{"class":67},[53,24501,84],{"class":71},[53,24503,24504],{"class":75},"price",[53,24506,72],{"class":71},[53,24508,191],{"class":67},[53,24510,24511],{"class":273}," 12.99",[53,24513,81],{"class":67},[53,24515,84],{"class":71},[53,24517,24518],{"class":75},"stock",[53,24520,72],{"class":71},[53,24522,191],{"class":67},[53,24524,3963],{"class":273},[53,24526,101],{"class":67},[53,24528,24529],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24530,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,24532,24533,24535,24537,24539,24542,24544],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24534,132],{"class":131},[53,24536,116],{"class":67},[53,24538,72],{"class":71},[53,24540,24541],{"class":75},"Available fields:",[53,24543,72],{"class":71},[53,24545,125],{"class":67},[53,24547,24548,24550,24552,24554,24557,24559,24561],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,24549,5319],{"class":1105},[53,24551,17567],{"class":59},[53,24553,1067],{"class":1105},[53,24555,24556],{"class":59}," product",[53,24558,37],{"class":67},[53,24560,16282],{"class":112},[53,24562,20950],{"class":67},[53,24564,24565,24567,24569,24571],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,24566,7435],{"class":131},[53,24568,116],{"class":67},[53,24570,14201],{"class":112},[53,24572,125],{"class":67},[20,24574,24575],{},[30,24576,772],{},[44,24578,24580],{"className":46,"code":24579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24581,24582,24589,24593,24598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24583,24584,24587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24585,24586],{"class":59},"Available fields",[53,24588,1120],{"class":67},[53,24590,24591],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24592,24399],{"class":59},[53,24594,24595],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24596,24597],{"class":59},"price\n",[53,24599,24600],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,24601,24602],{"class":59},"stock\n",[20,24604,24605],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[44,24607,24609],{"className":46,"code":24608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24610,24611,24647,24651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24612,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24637,24639,24641,24643,24645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24614,24478],{"class":59},[53,24616,64],{"class":63},[53,24618,68],{"class":67},[53,24620,72],{"class":71},[53,24622,7032],{"class":75},[53,24624,72],{"class":71},[53,24626,191],{"class":67},[53,24628,84],{"class":71},[53,24630,24495],{"class":75},[53,24632,72],{"class":71},[53,24634,81],{"class":67},[53,24636,84],{"class":71},[53,24638,24504],{"class":75},[53,24640,72],{"class":71},[53,24642,191],{"class":67},[53,24644,24511],{"class":273},[53,24646,101],{"class":67},[53,24648,24649],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24650,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,24652,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24654,132],{"class":131},[53,24656,116],{"class":67},[53,24658,72],{"class":71},[53,24660,7032],{"class":75},[53,24662,72],{"class":71},[53,24664,1115],{"class":1105},[53,24666,24556],{"class":112},[53,24668,37],{"class":67},[53,24670,16282],{"class":112},[53,24672,6557],{"class":67},[20,24674,24675,24676,37],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24677,2963],{},[20,24679,24680],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[44,24682,24684],{"className":46,"code":24683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24685,24686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24687,24688,24690,24692,24694,24696,24698,24700,24702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24689,132],{"class":131},[53,24691,116],{"class":67},[53,24693,72],{"class":71},[53,24695,7032],{"class":75},[53,24697,72],{"class":71},[53,24699,1115],{"class":1105},[53,24701,24556],{"class":112},[53,24703,125],{"class":67},[20,24705,24706,24707,37],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[464,24708,20562],{"href":16512},[39,24710,24712],{"id":24711},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24714,24715,24716,37],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24717,16424],{},[599,24719,838,24721,24723],{"id":24720},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24722,16424],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24725,24726,24728],{},[15,24727,16424],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24730,1559],{},[44,24732,24734],{"className":46,"code":24733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24735,24736,24772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24737,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24752,24754,24756,24758,24760,24762,24764,24766,24768,24770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24739,8534],{"class":59},[53,24741,64],{"class":63},[53,24743,68],{"class":67},[53,24745,72],{"class":71},[53,24747,7032],{"class":75},[53,24749,72],{"class":71},[53,24751,191],{"class":67},[53,24753,84],{"class":71},[53,24755,12244],{"class":75},[53,24757,72],{"class":71},[53,24759,81],{"class":67},[53,24761,84],{"class":71},[53,24763,8667],{"class":75},[53,24765,72],{"class":71},[53,24767,191],{"class":67},[53,24769,7155],{"class":273},[53,24771,101],{"class":67},[53,24773,24774,24776,24778,24780,24782,24784],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24775,132],{"class":131},[53,24777,116],{"class":67},[53,24779,8573],{"class":112},[53,24781,37],{"class":67},[53,24783,16282],{"class":112},[53,24785,6557],{"class":67},[20,24787,24788],{},[30,24789,772],{},[44,24791,24793],{"className":46,"code":24792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,24794,24795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24796,24797,24799,24801,24803,24805,24807,24809,24811,24813,24815],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24798,16373],{"class":112},[53,24800,2341],{"class":67},[53,24802,156],{"class":71},[53,24804,7032],{"class":75},[53,24806,156],{"class":71},[53,24808,81],{"class":67},[53,24810,165],{"class":71},[53,24812,8667],{"class":75},[53,24814,156],{"class":71},[53,24816,3248],{"class":67},[20,24818,24819,24820,37],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[464,24821,24822],{"href":16434},[15,24823,16437],{},[599,24825,24827,24828],{"id":24826},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,24829,16373],{},[20,24831,24832],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[44,24834,24836],{"className":46,"code":24835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,24837,24838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24839,24840,24842,24844,24846,24848,24850,24852,24854,24856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24841,3260],{"class":67},[53,24843,156],{"class":71},[53,24845,7032],{"class":75},[53,24847,156],{"class":71},[53,24849,81],{"class":67},[53,24851,165],{"class":71},[53,24853,8667],{"class":75},[53,24855,156],{"class":71},[53,24857,2995],{"class":67},[20,24859,24860,24861,24863],{},"But ",[15,24862,16424],{}," returns:",[44,24865,24866],{"className":46,"code":24792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,24867,24868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24869,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24871,16373],{"class":112},[53,24873,2341],{"class":67},[53,24875,156],{"class":71},[53,24877,7032],{"class":75},[53,24879,156],{"class":71},[53,24881,81],{"class":67},[53,24883,165],{"class":71},[53,24885,8667],{"class":75},[53,24887,156],{"class":71},[53,24889,3248],{"class":67},[20,24891,24892],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[44,24894,24896],{"className":46,"code":24895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,24897,24898,24934,24953,24957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24899,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928,24930,24932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24901,8534],{"class":59},[53,24903,64],{"class":63},[53,24905,68],{"class":67},[53,24907,72],{"class":71},[53,24909,7032],{"class":75},[53,24911,72],{"class":71},[53,24913,191],{"class":67},[53,24915,84],{"class":71},[53,24917,12244],{"class":75},[53,24919,72],{"class":71},[53,24921,81],{"class":67},[53,24923,84],{"class":71},[53,24925,8667],{"class":75},[53,24927,72],{"class":71},[53,24929,191],{"class":67},[53,24931,7155],{"class":273},[53,24933,101],{"class":67},[53,24935,24936,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,24937,24938],{"class":59},"key_list ",[53,24940,64],{"class":63},[53,24942,21913],{"class":550},[53,24944,116],{"class":67},[53,24946,8573],{"class":112},[53,24948,37],{"class":67},[53,24950,16282],{"class":112},[53,24952,6557],{"class":67},[53,24954,24955],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,24956,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,24958,24959,24961,24963,24966],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,24960,132],{"class":131},[53,24962,116],{"class":67},[53,24964,24965],{"class":112},"key_list",[53,24967,125],{"class":67},[599,24969,24971,24972,24974],{"id":24970},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,24973,16424],{}," on a list or string",[20,24976,24977,24979],{},[15,24978,16424],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,24981,2192],{},[44,24983,24985],{"className":46,"code":24984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,24986,24987,25007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,24988,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,24990,266],{"class":59},[53,24992,64],{"class":63},[53,24994,2982],{"class":67},[53,24996,274],{"class":273},[53,24998,81],{"class":67},[53,25000,279],{"class":273},[53,25002,81],{"class":67},[53,25004,284],{"class":273},[53,25006,2995],{"class":67},[53,25008,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25010,132],{"class":131},[53,25012,116],{"class":67},[53,25014,291],{"class":112},[53,25016,37],{"class":67},[53,25018,16282],{"class":112},[53,25020,6557],{"class":67},[20,25022,25023,25024,25027,25028,25030,25031,37],{},"You may get an ",[15,25025,25026],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25029,16424],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[464,25032,25034,25035,25038],{"href":25033},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25036,25037],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[599,25040,25042],{"id":25041},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25044,25045],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[44,25047,25049],{"className":46,"code":25048,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25050,25051,25075],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25052,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25054,8534],{"class":59},[53,25056,64],{"class":63},[53,25058,68],{"class":67},[53,25060,72],{"class":71},[53,25062,7032],{"class":75},[53,25064,72],{"class":71},[53,25066,191],{"class":67},[53,25068,84],{"class":71},[53,25070,12244],{"class":75},[53,25072,72],{"class":71},[53,25074,101],{"class":67},[53,25076,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25078,132],{"class":131},[53,25080,116],{"class":67},[53,25082,8573],{"class":112},[53,25084,37],{"class":67},[53,25086,16282],{"class":24104},[53,25088,125],{"class":67},[20,25090,25091],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25093,808],{},[44,25095,25097],{"className":46,"code":25096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25098,25099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25100,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25102,132],{"class":131},[53,25104,116],{"class":67},[53,25106,8573],{"class":112},[53,25108,37],{"class":67},[53,25110,16282],{"class":112},[53,25112,6557],{"class":67},[39,25114,2185],{"id":2184},[20,25116,25117,25118,191],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25119,16424],{},[193,25121,25122,25127,25133,25139],{},[196,25123,7785,25124,25126],{},[15,25125,16424],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[196,25128,25129,25130,25132],{},"Thinking ",[15,25131,16424],{}," returns values too",[196,25134,25135,25136,25138],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25137,16373],{}," like a normal list",[196,25140,25141,25142,25144],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25143,16373],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25146,25147],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[44,25149,25151],{"className":46,"code":25150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25152,25153,25185,25199,25203,25213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25154,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25156,8534],{"class":59},[53,25158,64],{"class":63},[53,25160,68],{"class":67},[53,25162,72],{"class":71},[53,25164,464],{"class":75},[53,25166,72],{"class":71},[53,25168,191],{"class":67},[53,25170,4858],{"class":273},[53,25172,81],{"class":67},[53,25174,84],{"class":71},[53,25176,637],{"class":75},[53,25178,72],{"class":71},[53,25180,191],{"class":67},[53,25182,279],{"class":273},[53,25184,101],{"class":67},[53,25186,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25188,16601],{"class":59},[53,25190,64],{"class":63},[53,25192,13926],{"class":59},[53,25194,37],{"class":67},[53,25196,16282],{"class":112},[53,25198,8011],{"class":67},[53,25200,25201],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,25202,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,25204,25205,25207,25209,25211],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,25206,132],{"class":131},[53,25208,116],{"class":67},[53,25210,16282],{"class":112},[53,25212,125],{"class":67},[53,25214,25215],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,25216,25217],{"class":3024},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25219,25220],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[44,25222,25224],{"className":46,"code":25223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25225,25226,25258,25276,25280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25227,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25229,8534],{"class":59},[53,25231,64],{"class":63},[53,25233,68],{"class":67},[53,25235,72],{"class":71},[53,25237,464],{"class":75},[53,25239,72],{"class":71},[53,25241,191],{"class":67},[53,25243,4858],{"class":273},[53,25245,81],{"class":67},[53,25247,84],{"class":71},[53,25249,637],{"class":75},[53,25251,72],{"class":71},[53,25253,191],{"class":67},[53,25255,279],{"class":273},[53,25257,101],{"class":67},[53,25259,25260,25262,25264,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25261,16601],{"class":59},[53,25263,64],{"class":63},[53,25265,21913],{"class":550},[53,25267,116],{"class":67},[53,25269,8573],{"class":112},[53,25271,37],{"class":67},[53,25273,16282],{"class":112},[53,25275,6557],{"class":67},[53,25277,25278],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,25279,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,25281,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290,25292],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,25283,132],{"class":131},[53,25285,116],{"class":67},[53,25287,16282],{"class":112},[53,25289,3260],{"class":67},[53,25291,1470],{"class":273},[53,25293,3248],{"class":67},[39,25295,25297],{"id":25296},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25299,10479],{},[44,25301,25303],{"className":46,"code":25302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25304,25305,25319,25329,25343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25306,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315,25317],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25308,132],{"class":131},[53,25310,116],{"class":67},[53,25312,2578],{"class":550},[53,25314,116],{"class":67},[53,25316,10815],{"class":112},[53,25318,1377],{"class":67},[53,25320,25321,25323,25325,25327],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25322,132],{"class":131},[53,25324,116],{"class":67},[53,25326,10815],{"class":112},[53,25328,125],{"class":67},[53,25330,25331,25333,25335,25337,25339,25341],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,25332,132],{"class":131},[53,25334,116],{"class":67},[53,25336,10815],{"class":112},[53,25338,37],{"class":67},[53,25340,16282],{"class":112},[53,25342,6557],{"class":67},[53,25344,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353,25355,25357,25359],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,25346,132],{"class":131},[53,25348,116],{"class":67},[53,25350,7460],{"class":550},[53,25352,116],{"class":67},[53,25354,10815],{"class":112},[53,25356,37],{"class":67},[53,25358,16282],{"class":112},[53,25360,5652],{"class":67},[20,25362,25363],{},"These help you confirm:",[193,25365,25366,25369,25372,25377],{},[196,25367,25368],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[196,25370,25371],{},"what data it contains",[196,25373,25374,25375,11070],{},"what ",[15,25376,16424],{},[196,25378,25379],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[39,25381,1187],{"id":1186},[599,25383,23272,25385,4504],{"id":25384},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25386,16424],{},[20,25388,16781,25389,25391],{},[15,25390,16373],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[599,25393,14263,25395,25398],{"id":25394},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25396,25397],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25400,25401,25402,25404,25405,37],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25403,16373],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25406,25407],{},"list(dict.keys())",[599,25409,25411,25412,1222],{"id":25410},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25413,25397],{},[20,25415,25416,25417,25419],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25418,5319],{}," loop.",[599,25421,25423,25424,25426],{"id":25422},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25425,16424],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25428,25429,25430,25432],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25431,16424],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[599,25434,25436],{"id":25435},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25438,174,25439,37],{},[15,25440,25441],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[39,25443,1244],{"id":1243},[193,25445,25446,25451,25457,25463,25469,25473],{},[196,25447,25448],{},[464,25449,25450],{"href":8758},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[196,25452,25453],{},[464,25454,10104,25455,830],{"href":16427},[15,25456,16430],{},[196,25458,25459],{},[464,25460,10104,25461,830],{"href":16434},[15,25462,16437],{},[196,25464,25465],{},[464,25466,25468],{"href":25467},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[196,25470,25471],{},[464,25472,16513],{"href":16512},[196,25474,25475],{},[464,25476,25477,25478,25038],{"href":25033},"How to fix ",[15,25479,25037],{},[1276,25481,25482],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":25484},[25485,25486,25488,25489,25490,25491,25492,25494,25503,25504,25505,25516],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":23603,"depth":104,"text":25487},"What keys() does",{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":4790,"depth":104,"text":4791},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":24293,"depth":104,"text":24294},{"id":24449,"depth":104,"text":25493},"When to use keys()",{"id":24711,"depth":104,"text":24712,"children":25495},[25496,25498,25500,25502],{"id":24720,"depth":128,"text":25497},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":24826,"depth":128,"text":25499},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":24970,"depth":128,"text":25501},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25041,"depth":128,"text":25042},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":25296,"depth":104,"text":25297},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":25506},[25507,25509,25511,25513,25515],{"id":25384,"depth":128,"text":25508},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25394,"depth":128,"text":25510},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25410,"depth":128,"text":25512},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25422,"depth":128,"text":25514},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25435,"depth":128,"text":25436},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23425,"description":25517},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25523,"title":25524,"body":25525,"description":27798,"extension":1312,"meta":27799,"navigation":383,"path":27800,"seo":27801,"stem":27802,"__hash__":27803},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25526,"toc":27751},[25527,25532,25537,25540,25542,25688,25701,25706,25710,25724,25726,25829,25838,25840,25843,25881,25906,25908,26015,26017,26024,26027,26035,26037,26178,26186,26191,26195,26206,26208,26370,26373,26381,26388,26394,26491,26497,26574,26577,26589,26594,26600,26603,26607,26696,26699,26703,26807,26814,26901,26910,26912,26917,26923,26926,26972,26975,27041,27050,27056,27149,27155,27161,27204,27207,27272,27278,27370,27373,27377,27383,27408,27411,27507,27514,27516,27521,27612,27614,27642,27647,27649,27656,27659,27663,27673,27678,27681,27688,27698,27705,27713,27715,27748],[10,25528,10684,25530,18],{"id":25529},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25531,1260],{},[20,25533,25534,25536],{},[15,25535,11934],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25538,25539],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[39,25541,2968],{"id":2967},[44,25543,25545],{"className":46,"code":25544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25546,25547,25583,25607,25621,25634,25638,25643,25675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25548,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559,25561,25563,25565,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25550,12563],{"class":59},[53,25552,64],{"class":63},[53,25554,68],{"class":67},[53,25556,72],{"class":71},[53,25558,7032],{"class":75},[53,25560,72],{"class":71},[53,25562,191],{"class":67},[53,25564,84],{"class":71},[53,25566,12244],{"class":75},[53,25568,72],{"class":71},[53,25570,81],{"class":67},[53,25572,84],{"class":71},[53,25574,8667],{"class":75},[53,25576,72],{"class":71},[53,25578,191],{"class":67},[53,25580,8674],{"class":273},[53,25582,101],{"class":67},[53,25584,25585,25588,25590,25592,25594,25597,25599,25601,25603,25605],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25586,25587],{"class":59},"removed_age ",[53,25589,64],{"class":63},[53,25591,12606],{"class":59},[53,25593,37],{"class":67},[53,25595,25596],{"class":112},"pop",[53,25598,116],{"class":67},[53,25600,72],{"class":71},[53,25602,8667],{"class":75},[53,25604,72],{"class":71},[53,25606,125],{"class":67},[53,25608,25609,25611,25613,25616,25618],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,25610,132],{"class":131},[53,25612,116],{"class":67},[53,25614,25615],{"class":112},"removed_age",[53,25617,3021],{"class":67},[53,25619,25620],{"class":3024},"   # 25\n",[53,25622,25623,25625,25627,25629,25631],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,25624,132],{"class":131},[53,25626,116],{"class":67},[53,25628,16666],{"class":112},[53,25630,3021],{"class":67},[53,25632,25633],{"class":3024},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[53,25635,25636],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,25637,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,25639,25640],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,25641,25642],{"class":3024},"# Safe version with default value\n",[53,25644,25645,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25671,25673],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,25646,25647],{"class":59},"country ",[53,25649,64],{"class":63},[53,25651,12606],{"class":59},[53,25653,37],{"class":67},[53,25655,25596],{"class":112},[53,25657,116],{"class":67},[53,25659,72],{"class":71},[53,25661,14622],{"class":75},[53,25663,72],{"class":71},[53,25665,81],{"class":67},[53,25667,84],{"class":71},[53,25669,25670],{"class":75},"Not found",[53,25672,72],{"class":71},[53,25674,125],{"class":67},[53,25676,25677,25679,25681,25683,25685],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,25678,132],{"class":131},[53,25680,116],{"class":67},[53,25682,14622],{"class":112},[53,25684,3021],{"class":67},[53,25686,25687],{"class":3024},"       # Not found\n",[20,25689,174,25690,25693,25694,25697,25698,25700],{},[15,25691,25692],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25695,25696],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25699,36],{}," when the key might not exist.",[39,25702,183,25704,186],{"id":25703},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25705,11934],{},[20,25707,25708,191],{},[15,25709,11934],{},[193,25711,25712,25715,25718,25721],{},[196,25713,25714],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[196,25716,25717],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[196,25719,25720],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[196,25722,25723],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25725,1559],{},[44,25727,25729],{"className":46,"code":25728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25730,25731,25771,25775,25798,25802,25816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25732,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745,25747,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759,25761,25763,25765,25767,25769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25734,10852],{"class":59},[53,25736,64],{"class":63},[53,25738,68],{"class":67},[53,25740,72],{"class":71},[53,25742,7032],{"class":75},[53,25744,72],{"class":71},[53,25746,191],{"class":67},[53,25748,84],{"class":71},[53,25750,12580],{"class":75},[53,25752,72],{"class":71},[53,25754,81],{"class":67},[53,25756,84],{"class":71},[53,25758,9776],{"class":75},[53,25760,72],{"class":71},[53,25762,191],{"class":67},[53,25764,84],{"class":71},[53,25766,9783],{"class":75},[53,25768,72],{"class":71},[53,25770,101],{"class":67},[53,25772,25773],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25774,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,25776,25777,25780,25782,25784,25786,25788,25790,25792,25794,25796],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,25778,25779],{"class":59},"removed_city ",[53,25781,64],{"class":63},[53,25783,10935],{"class":59},[53,25785,37],{"class":67},[53,25787,25596],{"class":112},[53,25789,116],{"class":67},[53,25791,72],{"class":71},[53,25793,9776],{"class":75},[53,25795,72],{"class":71},[53,25797,125],{"class":67},[53,25799,25800],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,25801,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,25803,25804,25806,25808,25811,25813],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,25805,132],{"class":131},[53,25807,116],{"class":67},[53,25809,25810],{"class":112},"removed_city",[53,25812,3021],{"class":67},[53,25814,25815],{"class":3024},"  # Paris\n",[53,25817,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,25819,132],{"class":131},[53,25821,116],{"class":67},[53,25823,10946],{"class":112},[53,25825,3021],{"class":67},[53,25827,25828],{"class":3024},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,25830,20127,25831,25834,25835,37],{},[15,25832,25833],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,25836,25837],{},"\"Paris\"",[39,25839,217],{"id":216},[20,25841,25842],{},"There are two common forms:",[44,25844,25846],{"className":46,"code":25845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,25847,25848,25862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25849,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25851,10815],{"class":59},[53,25853,37],{"class":67},[53,25855,25596],{"class":112},[53,25857,116],{"class":67},[53,25859,14201],{"class":112},[53,25861,125],{"class":67},[53,25863,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872,25874,25876,25879],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25865,10815],{"class":59},[53,25867,37],{"class":67},[53,25869,25596],{"class":112},[53,25871,116],{"class":67},[53,25873,14201],{"class":112},[53,25875,81],{"class":67},[53,25877,25878],{"class":112}," default",[53,25880,125],{"class":67},[193,25882,25883,25889,25897,25903],{},[196,25884,25885,25888],{},[15,25886,25887],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[196,25890,25891,25893,25894,25896],{},[15,25892,25887],{}," raises ",[15,25895,36],{}," if the key is missing",[196,25898,25899,25902],{},[15,25900,25901],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[196,25904,25905],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,25907,1559],{},[44,25909,25911],{"className":46,"code":25910,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,25912,25913,25945,25949,25974,26002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,25914,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,25916,4422],{"class":59},[53,25918,64],{"class":63},[53,25920,68],{"class":67},[53,25922,72],{"class":71},[53,25924,17775],{"class":75},[53,25926,72],{"class":71},[53,25928,191],{"class":67},[53,25930,19254],{"class":273},[53,25932,81],{"class":67},[53,25934,84],{"class":71},[53,25936,17784],{"class":75},[53,25938,72],{"class":71},[53,25940,191],{"class":67},[53,25942,12866],{"class":273},[53,25944,101],{"class":67},[53,25946,25947],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,25948,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,25950,25951,25953,25955,25957,25959,25961,25963,25965,25967,25969,25971],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,25952,132],{"class":131},[53,25954,116],{"class":67},[53,25956,15749],{"class":112},[53,25958,37],{"class":67},[53,25960,25596],{"class":112},[53,25962,116],{"class":67},[53,25964,72],{"class":71},[53,25966,17775],{"class":75},[53,25968,72],{"class":71},[53,25970,4721],{"class":67},[53,25972,25973],{"class":3024},"         # 90\n",[53,25975,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,25977,132],{"class":131},[53,25979,116],{"class":67},[53,25981,15749],{"class":112},[53,25983,37],{"class":67},[53,25985,25596],{"class":112},[53,25987,116],{"class":67},[53,25989,72],{"class":71},[53,25991,17793],{"class":75},[53,25993,72],{"class":71},[53,25995,81],{"class":67},[53,25997,3194],{"class":273},[53,25999,4721],{"class":67},[53,26001,20124],{"class":3024},[53,26003,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26005,132],{"class":131},[53,26007,116],{"class":67},[53,26009,15749],{"class":112},[53,26011,3021],{"class":67},[53,26013,26014],{"class":3024},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[39,26016,16778],{"id":16777},[20,26018,26019,13413,26021,26023],{},[15,26020,1260],{},[30,26022,461],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26025,26026],{},"Instead, it returns:",[193,26028,26029,26032],{},[196,26030,26031],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[196,26033,26034],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26036,1559],{},[44,26038,26040],{"className":46,"code":26039,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26041,26042,26074,26078,26101,26133,26137,26151,26165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26043,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054,26056,26058,26060,26062,26064,26066,26068,26070,26072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26045,8534],{"class":59},[53,26047,64],{"class":63},[53,26049,68],{"class":67},[53,26051,72],{"class":71},[53,26053,464],{"class":75},[53,26055,72],{"class":71},[53,26057,191],{"class":67},[53,26059,5366],{"class":273},[53,26061,81],{"class":67},[53,26063,84],{"class":71},[53,26065,637],{"class":75},[53,26067,72],{"class":71},[53,26069,191],{"class":67},[53,26071,7155],{"class":273},[53,26073,101],{"class":67},[53,26075,26076],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26077,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26079,26080,26083,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26081,26082],{"class":59},"result1 ",[53,26084,64],{"class":63},[53,26086,13926],{"class":59},[53,26088,37],{"class":67},[53,26090,25596],{"class":112},[53,26092,116],{"class":67},[53,26094,72],{"class":71},[53,26096,464],{"class":75},[53,26098,72],{"class":71},[53,26100,125],{"class":67},[53,26102,26103,26106,26108,26110,26112,26114,26116,26118,26120,26122,26124,26126,26129,26131],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26104,26105],{"class":59},"result2 ",[53,26107,64],{"class":63},[53,26109,13926],{"class":59},[53,26111,37],{"class":67},[53,26113,25596],{"class":112},[53,26115,116],{"class":67},[53,26117,72],{"class":71},[53,26119,646],{"class":75},[53,26121,72],{"class":71},[53,26123,81],{"class":67},[53,26125,84],{"class":71},[53,26127,26128],{"class":75},"missing",[53,26130,72],{"class":71},[53,26132,125],{"class":67},[53,26134,26135],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26136,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26138,26139,26141,26143,26146,26148],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,26140,132],{"class":131},[53,26142,116],{"class":67},[53,26144,26145],{"class":112},"result1",[53,26147,3021],{"class":67},[53,26149,26150],{"class":3024},"  # 10\n",[53,26152,26153,26155,26157,26160,26162],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,26154,132],{"class":131},[53,26156,116],{"class":67},[53,26158,26159],{"class":112},"result2",[53,26161,3021],{"class":67},[53,26163,26164],{"class":3024},"  # missing\n",[53,26166,26167,26169,26171,26173,26175],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,26168,132],{"class":131},[53,26170,116],{"class":67},[53,26172,8573],{"class":112},[53,26174,3021],{"class":67},[53,26176,26177],{"class":3024},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26179,26180,26181,5994],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[464,26182,26183],{"href":10103},[15,26184,26185],{},"dict.get()",[39,26187,4319,26189],{"id":26188},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26190,1260],{},[20,26192,174,26193,9968],{},[15,26194,1260],{},[193,26196,26197,26200,26203],{},[196,26198,26199],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[196,26201,26202],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[196,26204,26205],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26207,1559],{},[44,26209,26211],{"className":46,"code":26210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26212,26213,26265,26269,26296,26300,26324,26328,26342,26356],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26214,26215,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26234,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26249,26251,26253,26256,26258,26260,26263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26216,24478],{"class":59},[53,26218,64],{"class":63},[53,26220,68],{"class":67},[53,26222,72],{"class":71},[53,26224,7032],{"class":75},[53,26226,72],{"class":71},[53,26228,191],{"class":67},[53,26230,84],{"class":71},[53,26232,26233],{"class":75},"Laptop",[53,26235,72],{"class":71},[53,26237,81],{"class":67},[53,26239,84],{"class":71},[53,26241,24504],{"class":75},[53,26243,72],{"class":71},[53,26245,191],{"class":67},[53,26247,26248],{"class":273}," 1200",[53,26250,81],{"class":67},[53,26252,84],{"class":71},[53,26254,26255],{"class":75},"discount",[53,26257,72],{"class":71},[53,26259,191],{"class":67},[53,26261,26262],{"class":273}," 200",[53,26264,101],{"class":67},[53,26266,26267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26268,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26270,26271,26274,26276,26278,26280,26282,26284,26286,26288,26290,26292,26294],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26272,26273],{"class":59},"discount_amount ",[53,26275,64],{"class":63},[53,26277,24556],{"class":59},[53,26279,37],{"class":67},[53,26281,25596],{"class":112},[53,26283,116],{"class":67},[53,26285,72],{"class":71},[53,26287,26255],{"class":75},[53,26289,72],{"class":71},[53,26291,81],{"class":67},[53,26293,3194],{"class":273},[53,26295,125],{"class":67},[53,26297,26298],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26299,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26301,26302,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26303,26304],{"class":59},"final_price ",[53,26306,64],{"class":63},[53,26308,24556],{"class":59},[53,26310,3260],{"class":67},[53,26312,72],{"class":71},[53,26314,24504],{"class":75},[53,26316,72],{"class":71},[53,26318,12632],{"class":67},[53,26320,1574],{"class":63},[53,26322,26323],{"class":59}," discount_amount\n",[53,26325,26326],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,26327,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26329,26330,26332,26334,26337,26339],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,26331,132],{"class":131},[53,26333,116],{"class":67},[53,26335,26336],{"class":112},"discount_amount",[53,26338,3021],{"class":67},[53,26340,26341],{"class":3024},"  # 200\n",[53,26343,26344,26346,26348,26351,26353],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,26345,132],{"class":131},[53,26347,116],{"class":67},[53,26349,26350],{"class":112},"final_price",[53,26352,3021],{"class":67},[53,26354,26355],{"class":3024},"      # 1000\n",[53,26357,26358,26360,26362,26365,26367],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,26359,132],{"class":131},[53,26361,116],{"class":67},[53,26363,26364],{"class":112},"product",[53,26366,3021],{"class":67},[53,26368,26369],{"class":3024},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26371,26372],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[39,26374,26376,9952,26378],{"id":26375},"pop-vs-del",[15,26377,1260],{},[15,26379,26380],{},"del",[20,26382,9957,26383,594,26385,26387],{},[15,26384,1260],{},[15,26386,26380],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[599,26389,174,26391,26393],{"id":26390},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26392,1260],{}," when you need the removed value",[44,26395,26397],{"className":46,"code":26396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26398,26399,26435,26439,26461,26465,26478],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26400,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26413,26415,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425,26427,26429,26431,26433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26402,12563],{"class":59},[53,26404,64],{"class":63},[53,26406,68],{"class":67},[53,26408,72],{"class":71},[53,26410,7032],{"class":75},[53,26412,72],{"class":71},[53,26414,191],{"class":67},[53,26416,84],{"class":71},[53,26418,12244],{"class":75},[53,26420,72],{"class":71},[53,26422,81],{"class":67},[53,26424,84],{"class":71},[53,26426,8667],{"class":75},[53,26428,72],{"class":71},[53,26430,191],{"class":67},[53,26432,8674],{"class":273},[53,26434,101],{"class":67},[53,26436,26437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26438,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26440,26441,26443,26445,26447,26449,26451,26453,26455,26457,26459],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26442,20983],{"class":59},[53,26444,64],{"class":63},[53,26446,12606],{"class":59},[53,26448,37],{"class":67},[53,26450,25596],{"class":112},[53,26452,116],{"class":67},[53,26454,72],{"class":71},[53,26456,8667],{"class":75},[53,26458,72],{"class":71},[53,26460,125],{"class":67},[53,26462,26463],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26464,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26466,26467,26469,26471,26473,26475],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26468,132],{"class":131},[53,26470,116],{"class":67},[53,26472,8667],{"class":112},[53,26474,3021],{"class":67},[53,26476,26477],{"class":3024},"     # 25\n",[53,26479,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,26481,132],{"class":131},[53,26483,116],{"class":67},[53,26485,16666],{"class":112},[53,26487,3021],{"class":67},[53,26489,26490],{"class":3024},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[599,26492,174,26494,26496],{"id":26493},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26495,26380],{}," when you only want deletion",[44,26498,26500],{"className":46,"code":26499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26501,26502,26538,26542,26558,26562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26503,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26518,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26505,12563],{"class":59},[53,26507,64],{"class":63},[53,26509,68],{"class":67},[53,26511,72],{"class":71},[53,26513,7032],{"class":75},[53,26515,72],{"class":71},[53,26517,191],{"class":67},[53,26519,84],{"class":71},[53,26521,12244],{"class":75},[53,26523,72],{"class":71},[53,26525,81],{"class":67},[53,26527,84],{"class":71},[53,26529,8667],{"class":75},[53,26531,72],{"class":71},[53,26533,191],{"class":67},[53,26535,8674],{"class":273},[53,26537,101],{"class":67},[53,26539,26540],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26541,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26543,26544,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26545,26380],{"class":1105},[53,26547,12606],{"class":59},[53,26549,3260],{"class":67},[53,26551,72],{"class":71},[53,26553,8667],{"class":75},[53,26555,72],{"class":71},[53,26557,2995],{"class":67},[53,26559,26560],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26561,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26563,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26565,132],{"class":131},[53,26567,116],{"class":67},[53,26569,16666],{"class":112},[53,26571,3021],{"class":67},[53,26573,26490],{"class":3024},[20,26575,26576],{},"Difference:",[193,26578,26579,26584],{},[196,26580,26581,26583],{},[15,26582,1260],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[196,26585,26586,26588],{},[15,26587,26380],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26590,26591,26592,37],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[464,26593,11939],{"href":11938},[39,26595,26597,26598],{"id":26596},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26599,36],{},[20,26601,26602],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[599,26604,26606],{"id":26605},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[44,26608,26610],{"className":46,"code":26609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26611,26612,26637,26641,26667,26671,26683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26613,26614,26616,26618,26620,26622,26624,26626,26628,26630,26633,26635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26615,11089],{"class":59},[53,26617,64],{"class":63},[53,26619,68],{"class":67},[53,26621,72],{"class":71},[53,26623,7032],{"class":75},[53,26625,72],{"class":71},[53,26627,191],{"class":67},[53,26629,84],{"class":71},[53,26631,26632],{"class":75},"Sara",[53,26634,72],{"class":71},[53,26636,101],{"class":67},[53,26638,26639],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26640,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26642,26643,26645,26647,26649,26651,26653,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26644,1801],{"class":59},[53,26646,64],{"class":63},[53,26648,11131],{"class":59},[53,26650,37],{"class":67},[53,26652,25596],{"class":112},[53,26654,116],{"class":67},[53,26656,72],{"class":71},[53,26658,8667],{"class":75},[53,26660,72],{"class":71},[53,26662,81],{"class":67},[53,26664,3213],{"class":938},[53,26666,125],{"class":67},[53,26668,26669],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26670,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26672,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26674,132],{"class":131},[53,26676,116],{"class":67},[53,26678,236],{"class":112},[53,26680,3021],{"class":67},[53,26682,19917],{"class":3024},[53,26684,26685,26687,26689,26691,26693],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,26686,132],{"class":131},[53,26688,116],{"class":67},[53,26690,10815],{"class":112},[53,26692,3021],{"class":67},[53,26694,26695],{"class":3024}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26697,26698],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[599,26700,26702],{"id":26701},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[44,26704,26706],{"className":46,"code":26705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26707,26708,26732,26736,26752,26775,26785,26792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26709,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26711,11089],{"class":59},[53,26713,64],{"class":63},[53,26715,68],{"class":67},[53,26717,72],{"class":71},[53,26719,7032],{"class":75},[53,26721,72],{"class":71},[53,26723,191],{"class":67},[53,26725,84],{"class":71},[53,26727,26632],{"class":75},[53,26729,72],{"class":71},[53,26731,101],{"class":67},[53,26733,26734],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26735,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26737,26738,26740,26742,26744,26746,26748,26750],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26739,1106],{"class":1105},[53,26741,84],{"class":71},[53,26743,8667],{"class":75},[53,26745,72],{"class":71},[53,26747,1115],{"class":63},[53,26749,11131],{"class":59},[53,26751,1120],{"class":67},[53,26753,26754,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26755,26756],{"class":59},"    value ",[53,26758,64],{"class":63},[53,26760,11131],{"class":59},[53,26762,37],{"class":67},[53,26764,25596],{"class":112},[53,26766,116],{"class":67},[53,26768,72],{"class":71},[53,26770,8667],{"class":75},[53,26772,72],{"class":71},[53,26774,125],{"class":67},[53,26776,26777,26779,26781,26783],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26778,7435],{"class":131},[53,26780,116],{"class":67},[53,26782,236],{"class":112},[53,26784,125],{"class":67},[53,26786,26787,26790],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,26788,26789],{"class":1105},"else",[53,26791,1120],{"class":67},[53,26793,26794,26796,26798,26800,26803,26805],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,26795,7435],{"class":131},[53,26797,116],{"class":67},[53,26799,72],{"class":71},[53,26801,26802],{"class":75},"Key not found",[53,26804,72],{"class":71},[53,26806,125],{"class":67},[599,26808,26810,26811,26813],{"id":26809},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,26812,10107],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[44,26815,26817],{"className":46,"code":26816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26818,26819,26843,26847,26873,26877,26889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26820,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26822,11089],{"class":59},[53,26824,64],{"class":63},[53,26826,68],{"class":67},[53,26828,72],{"class":71},[53,26830,7032],{"class":75},[53,26832,72],{"class":71},[53,26834,191],{"class":67},[53,26836,84],{"class":71},[53,26838,26632],{"class":75},[53,26840,72],{"class":71},[53,26842,101],{"class":67},[53,26844,26845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26846,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26848,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,26850,1801],{"class":59},[53,26852,64],{"class":63},[53,26854,11131],{"class":59},[53,26856,37],{"class":67},[53,26858,19106],{"class":112},[53,26860,116],{"class":67},[53,26862,72],{"class":71},[53,26864,8667],{"class":75},[53,26866,72],{"class":71},[53,26868,81],{"class":67},[53,26870,3213],{"class":938},[53,26872,125],{"class":67},[53,26874,26875],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,26876,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,26878,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,26880,132],{"class":131},[53,26882,116],{"class":67},[53,26884,236],{"class":112},[53,26886,3021],{"class":67},[53,26888,19917],{"class":3024},[53,26890,26891,26893,26895,26897,26899],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,26892,132],{"class":131},[53,26894,116],{"class":67},[53,26896,10815],{"class":112},[53,26898,3021],{"class":67},[53,26900,26695],{"class":3024},[20,26902,174,26903,26907,26908,37],{},[464,26904,26905],{"href":10103},[15,26906,26185],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[464,26909,579],{"href":578},[39,26911,834],{"id":833},[20,26913,26914,26915,37],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,26916,11934],{},[599,26918,25129,26920,26922],{"id":26919},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,26921,1260],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,26924,26925],{},"Lists use indexes:",[44,26927,26929],{"className":46,"code":26928,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,26930,26931,26951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26932,26933,26935,26937,26939,26941,26943,26945,26947,26949],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26934,266],{"class":59},[53,26936,64],{"class":63},[53,26938,2982],{"class":67},[53,26940,1684],{"class":273},[53,26942,81],{"class":67},[53,26944,7155],{"class":273},[53,26946,81],{"class":67},[53,26948,7160],{"class":273},[53,26950,2995],{"class":67},[53,26952,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,26954,132],{"class":131},[53,26956,116],{"class":67},[53,26958,291],{"class":112},[53,26960,37],{"class":67},[53,26962,25596],{"class":112},[53,26964,116],{"class":67},[53,26966,274],{"class":273},[53,26968,4721],{"class":67},[53,26970,26971],{"class":3024},"  # 20\n",[20,26973,26974],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[44,26976,26978],{"className":46,"code":26977,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,26979,26980,27016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,26981,26982,26984,26986,26988,26990,26992,26994,26996,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,26983,12563],{"class":59},[53,26985,64],{"class":63},[53,26987,68],{"class":67},[53,26989,72],{"class":71},[53,26991,7032],{"class":75},[53,26993,72],{"class":71},[53,26995,191],{"class":67},[53,26997,84],{"class":71},[53,26999,12244],{"class":75},[53,27001,72],{"class":71},[53,27003,81],{"class":67},[53,27005,84],{"class":71},[53,27007,8667],{"class":75},[53,27009,72],{"class":71},[53,27011,191],{"class":67},[53,27013,8674],{"class":273},[53,27015,101],{"class":67},[53,27017,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030,27032,27034,27036,27038],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27019,132],{"class":131},[53,27021,116],{"class":67},[53,27023,16666],{"class":112},[53,27025,37],{"class":67},[53,27027,25596],{"class":112},[53,27029,116],{"class":67},[53,27031,72],{"class":71},[53,27033,8667],{"class":75},[53,27035,72],{"class":71},[53,27037,4721],{"class":67},[53,27039,27040],{"class":3024},"  # 25\n",[20,27042,27043,27044,27046,27047,27049],{},"A dictionary does ",[30,27045,461],{}," use positions with ",[15,27048,1260],{},". It uses keys.",[599,27051,4062,27053,27055],{"id":27052},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27054,1260],{}," changes the original dictionary",[44,27057,27059],{"className":46,"code":27058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27060,27061,27093,27097,27119,27123,27136],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27062,27063,27065,27067,27069,27071,27073,27075,27077,27079,27081,27083,27085,27087,27089,27091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27064,8534],{"class":59},[53,27066,64],{"class":63},[53,27068,68],{"class":67},[53,27070,72],{"class":71},[53,27072,1524],{"class":75},[53,27074,72],{"class":71},[53,27076,191],{"class":67},[53,27078,4858],{"class":273},[53,27080,81],{"class":67},[53,27082,84],{"class":71},[53,27084,11110],{"class":75},[53,27086,72],{"class":71},[53,27088,191],{"class":67},[53,27090,279],{"class":273},[53,27092,101],{"class":67},[53,27094,27095],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27096,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27098,27099,27101,27103,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27100,1801],{"class":59},[53,27102,64],{"class":63},[53,27104,13926],{"class":59},[53,27106,37],{"class":67},[53,27108,25596],{"class":112},[53,27110,116],{"class":67},[53,27112,72],{"class":71},[53,27114,1524],{"class":75},[53,27116,72],{"class":71},[53,27118,125],{"class":67},[53,27120,27121],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,27122,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27124,27125,27127,27129,27131,27133],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,27126,132],{"class":131},[53,27128,116],{"class":67},[53,27130,236],{"class":112},[53,27132,3021],{"class":67},[53,27134,27135],{"class":3024},"  # 1\n",[53,27137,27138,27140,27142,27144,27146],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,27139,132],{"class":131},[53,27141,116],{"class":67},[53,27143,8573],{"class":112},[53,27145,3021],{"class":67},[53,27147,27148],{"class":3024},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27150,27151,27152,27154],{},"After ",[15,27153,1260],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[599,27156,7785,27158,27160],{"id":27157},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27159,1260],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[44,27162,27164],{"className":46,"code":27163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27165,27166,27190,27194,27199],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27167,27168,27170,27172,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27169,8534],{"class":59},[53,27171,64],{"class":63},[53,27173,68],{"class":67},[53,27175,72],{"class":71},[53,27177,7032],{"class":75},[53,27179,72],{"class":71},[53,27181,191],{"class":67},[53,27183,84],{"class":71},[53,27185,7287],{"class":75},[53,27187,72],{"class":71},[53,27189,101],{"class":67},[53,27191,27192],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27193,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27195,27196],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27197,27198],{"class":3024},"# This causes an error\n",[53,27200,27201],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,27202,27203],{"class":3024},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27205,27206],{},"Safer version:",[44,27208,27210],{"className":46,"code":27209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27211,27212,27236,27240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27213,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226,27228,27230,27232,27234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27215,8534],{"class":59},[53,27217,64],{"class":63},[53,27219,68],{"class":67},[53,27221,72],{"class":71},[53,27223,7032],{"class":75},[53,27225,72],{"class":71},[53,27227,191],{"class":67},[53,27229,84],{"class":71},[53,27231,7287],{"class":75},[53,27233,72],{"class":71},[53,27235,101],{"class":67},[53,27237,27238],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27239,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27241,27242,27244,27246,27248,27250,27252,27254,27256,27258,27260,27262,27264,27266,27268,27270],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27243,132],{"class":131},[53,27245,116],{"class":67},[53,27247,8573],{"class":112},[53,27249,37],{"class":67},[53,27251,25596],{"class":112},[53,27253,116],{"class":67},[53,27255,72],{"class":71},[53,27257,8667],{"class":75},[53,27259,72],{"class":71},[53,27261,81],{"class":67},[53,27263,84],{"class":71},[53,27265,26128],{"class":75},[53,27267,72],{"class":71},[53,27269,4721],{"class":67},[53,27271,26164],{"class":3024},[599,27273,838,27275,27277],{"id":27274},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27276,1260],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[44,27279,27281],{"className":46,"code":27280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27282,27283,27315,27319,27341,27345,27357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27284,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295,27297,27299,27301,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311,27313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27286,8534],{"class":59},[53,27288,64],{"class":63},[53,27290,68],{"class":67},[53,27292,72],{"class":71},[53,27294,464],{"class":75},[53,27296,72],{"class":71},[53,27298,191],{"class":67},[53,27300,4858],{"class":273},[53,27302,81],{"class":67},[53,27304,84],{"class":71},[53,27306,637],{"class":75},[53,27308,72],{"class":71},[53,27310,191],{"class":67},[53,27312,279],{"class":273},[53,27314,101],{"class":67},[53,27316,27317],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27318,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27320,27321,27323,27325,27327,27329,27331,27333,27335,27337,27339],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27322,1582],{"class":59},[53,27324,64],{"class":63},[53,27326,13926],{"class":59},[53,27328,37],{"class":67},[53,27330,25596],{"class":112},[53,27332,116],{"class":67},[53,27334,72],{"class":71},[53,27336,464],{"class":75},[53,27338,72],{"class":71},[53,27340,125],{"class":67},[53,27342,27343],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,27344,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27346,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,27348,132],{"class":131},[53,27350,116],{"class":67},[53,27352,1617],{"class":112},[53,27354,3021],{"class":67},[53,27356,27135],{"class":3024},[53,27358,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,27360,132],{"class":131},[53,27362,116],{"class":67},[53,27364,8573],{"class":112},[53,27366,3021],{"class":67},[53,27368,27369],{"class":3024},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27371,27372],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[39,27374,27376],{"id":27375},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27378,27379,27380,27382],{},"Problems with ",[15,27381,11934],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[193,27384,27385,27388,27397,27400],{},[196,27386,27387],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[196,27389,27390,27391,27394,27395],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27392,27393],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27396,25692],{},[196,27398,27399],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[196,27401,27402,27403,10458,27405],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27404,274],{},[15,27406,27407],{},"\"1\"",[20,27409,27410],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[44,27412,27414],{"className":46,"code":27413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27415,27416,27440,27444,27474],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27417,27418,27420,27422,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27419,8534],{"class":59},[53,27421,64],{"class":63},[53,27423,68],{"class":67},[53,27425,72],{"class":71},[53,27427,274],{"class":75},[53,27429,72],{"class":71},[53,27431,191],{"class":67},[53,27433,84],{"class":71},[53,27435,5948],{"class":75},[53,27437,72],{"class":71},[53,27439,101],{"class":67},[53,27441,27442],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27443,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27445,27446,27448,27450,27452,27454,27456,27458,27460,27462,27464,27467,27469,27471],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27447,132],{"class":131},[53,27449,116],{"class":67},[53,27451,8573],{"class":112},[53,27453,37],{"class":67},[53,27455,25596],{"class":112},[53,27457,116],{"class":67},[53,27459,274],{"class":273},[53,27461,81],{"class":67},[53,27463,84],{"class":71},[53,27465,27466],{"class":75},"not found",[53,27468,72],{"class":71},[53,27470,4721],{"class":67},[53,27472,27473],{"class":3024},"    # not found\n",[53,27475,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490,27492,27494,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,27477,132],{"class":131},[53,27479,116],{"class":67},[53,27481,8573],{"class":112},[53,27483,37],{"class":67},[53,27485,25596],{"class":112},[53,27487,116],{"class":67},[53,27489,72],{"class":71},[53,27491,274],{"class":75},[53,27493,72],{"class":71},[53,27495,81],{"class":67},[53,27497,84],{"class":71},[53,27499,27466],{"class":75},[53,27501,72],{"class":71},[53,27503,4721],{"class":67},[53,27505,27506],{"class":3024},"  # one\n",[20,27508,27509,594,27511,27513],{},[15,27510,274],{},[15,27512,27407],{}," are different keys.",[39,27515,8240],{"id":8239},[20,27517,8243,27518,27520],{},[15,27519,1260],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,27522,27524],{"className":46,"code":27523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27525,27526,27536,27550,27568,27598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27527,27528,27530,27532,27534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27529,132],{"class":131},[53,27531,116],{"class":67},[53,27533,10815],{"class":112},[53,27535,125],{"class":67},[53,27537,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27539,132],{"class":131},[53,27541,116],{"class":67},[53,27543,10815],{"class":112},[53,27545,37],{"class":67},[53,27547,16282],{"class":112},[53,27549,6557],{"class":67},[53,27551,27552,27554,27556,27558,27560,27562,27564,27566],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27553,132],{"class":131},[53,27555,116],{"class":67},[53,27557,156],{"class":71},[53,27559,7032],{"class":75},[53,27561,156],{"class":71},[53,27563,1115],{"class":1105},[53,27565,11131],{"class":112},[53,27567,125],{"class":67},[53,27569,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,27571,132],{"class":131},[53,27573,116],{"class":67},[53,27575,10815],{"class":112},[53,27577,37],{"class":67},[53,27579,25596],{"class":112},[53,27581,116],{"class":67},[53,27583,156],{"class":71},[53,27585,7032],{"class":75},[53,27587,156],{"class":71},[53,27589,81],{"class":67},[53,27591,165],{"class":71},[53,27593,26128],{"class":75},[53,27595,156],{"class":71},[53,27597,1377],{"class":67},[53,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,27601,132],{"class":131},[53,27603,116],{"class":67},[53,27605,2578],{"class":550},[53,27607,116],{"class":67},[53,27609,10815],{"class":112},[53,27611,1377],{"class":67},[20,27613,20692],{},[193,27615,27616,27621,27626,27631,27637],{},[196,27617,27618,27620],{},[15,27619,12044],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[196,27622,27623,27625],{},[15,27624,20704],{}," shows all available keys",[196,27627,27628,27630],{},[15,27629,20710],{}," checks whether a key exists",[196,27632,27633,27636],{},[15,27634,27635],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[196,27638,27639,27641],{},[15,27640,12050],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27643,27644,27645,37],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[464,27646,8759],{"href":8758},[39,27648,1187],{"id":1186},[599,27650,27652,27653,27655],{"id":27651},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27654,1260],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27657,27658],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[599,27660,27662],{"id":27661},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27664,27665,25893,27667,27669,27670,27672],{},[15,27666,25692],{},[15,27668,36],{},". ",[15,27671,25696],{}," returns the default value instead.",[599,27674,1191,27676,14256],{"id":27675},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27677,1260],{},[20,27679,27680],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[599,27682,27684,27685,27687],{"id":27683},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27686,1260],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27689,27690,27691,27693,27694,37],{},"Not with ",[15,27692,11934],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[464,27695,27696],{"href":11945},[15,27697,12133],{},[599,27699,4538,27701,594,27703,1222],{"id":27700},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27702,10107],{},[15,27704,1260],{},[20,27706,27707,27709,27710,27712],{},[15,27708,10107],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27711,1260],{}," reads and removes it.",[39,27714,1244],{"id":1243},[193,27716,27717,27723,27730,27734,27738,27742],{},[196,27718,27719],{},[464,27720,27721],{"href":10103},[15,27722,19025],{},[196,27724,27725],{},[464,27726,27727],{"href":11945},[15,27728,27729],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[196,27731,27732],{},[464,27733,12150],{"href":11938},[196,27735,27736],{},[464,27737,20812],{"href":15957},[196,27739,27740],{},[464,27741,579],{"href":578},[196,27743,27744],{},[464,27745,27747],{"href":27746},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1276,27749,27750],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":27752},[27753,27754,27756,27757,27758,27760,27767,27774,27784,27785,27786,27797],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":25703,"depth":104,"text":27755},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":26188,"depth":104,"text":27759},"When to use pop()",{"id":26375,"depth":104,"text":27761,"children":27762},"pop() vs del",[27763,27765],{"id":26390,"depth":128,"text":27764},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26493,"depth":128,"text":27766},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26596,"depth":104,"text":27768,"children":27769},"How to avoid KeyError",[27770,27771,27772],{"id":26605,"depth":128,"text":26606},{"id":26701,"depth":128,"text":26702},{"id":26809,"depth":128,"text":27773},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":27775},[27776,27778,27780,27782],{"id":26919,"depth":128,"text":27777},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27052,"depth":128,"text":27779},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27157,"depth":128,"text":27781},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27274,"depth":128,"text":27783},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27375,"depth":104,"text":27376},{"id":8239,"depth":104,"text":8240},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":27787},[27788,27790,27791,27793,27795],{"id":27651,"depth":128,"text":27789},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27661,"depth":128,"text":27662},{"id":27675,"depth":128,"text":27792},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27683,"depth":128,"text":27794},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27700,"depth":128,"text":27796},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25524,"description":27798},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":27805,"title":27729,"body":27806,"description":29742,"extension":1312,"meta":29743,"navigation":383,"path":29744,"seo":29745,"stem":29746,"__hash__":29747},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":27807,"toc":29706},[27808,27813,27818,27821,27829,27839,27841,27930,27934,27983,27988,27993,27997,28013,28016,28018,28033,28035,28051,28058,28062,28068,28077,28079,28148,28152,28173,28176,28195,28198,28221,28223,28226,28341,28345,28404,28411,28415,28421,28546,28550,28600,28603,28607,28614,28616,28679,28683,28704,28707,28716,28731,28739,28746,28750,28762,28766,28777,28779,28925,28929,28988,28995,29000,29004,29010,29033,29038,29056,29060,29131,29138,29211,29220,29225,29230,29241,29244,29381,29385,29417,29422,29424,29428,29488,29491,29548,29551,29594,29596,29601,29607,29613,29616,29623,29631,29636,29639,29645,29652,29654,29703],[10,27809,10684,27811,18],{"id":27810},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,27812,12133],{},[20,27814,1329,27815,27817],{},[15,27816,12133],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,27819,27820],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[193,27822,27823,27826],{},[196,27824,27825],{},"remove an item",[196,27827,27828],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,27830,27831,27832,27834,27835,27838],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,27833,12133],{}," removes the ",[30,27836,27837],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[39,27840,42],{"id":41},[44,27842,27844],{"className":46,"code":27843,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,27845,27846,27890,27906,27910,27920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27847,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872,27874,27876,27878,27880,27882,27884,27886,27888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27849,8534],{"class":59},[53,27851,64],{"class":63},[53,27853,68],{"class":67},[53,27855,72],{"class":71},[53,27857,464],{"class":75},[53,27859,72],{"class":71},[53,27861,191],{"class":67},[53,27863,4858],{"class":273},[53,27865,81],{"class":67},[53,27867,84],{"class":71},[53,27869,637],{"class":75},[53,27871,72],{"class":71},[53,27873,191],{"class":67},[53,27875,279],{"class":273},[53,27877,81],{"class":67},[53,27879,84],{"class":71},[53,27881,646],{"class":75},[53,27883,72],{"class":71},[53,27885,191],{"class":67},[53,27887,284],{"class":273},[53,27889,101],{"class":67},[53,27891,27892,27895,27897,27899,27901,27904],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27893,27894],{"class":59},"item ",[53,27896,64],{"class":63},[53,27898,13926],{"class":59},[53,27900,37],{"class":67},[53,27902,27903],{"class":112},"popitem",[53,27905,8011],{"class":67},[53,27907,27908],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,27909,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,27911,27912,27914,27916,27918],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,27913,132],{"class":131},[53,27915,116],{"class":67},[53,27917,22664],{"class":112},[53,27919,125],{"class":67},[53,27921,27922,27924,27926,27928],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,27923,132],{"class":131},[53,27925,116],{"class":67},[53,27927,8573],{"class":112},[53,27929,125],{"class":67},[20,27931,27932],{},[30,27933,772],{},[44,27935,27937],{"className":46,"code":27936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,27938,27939,27955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,27940,27941,27943,27945,27947,27949,27951,27953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,27942,116],{"class":67},[53,27944,156],{"class":71},[53,27946,646],{"class":75},[53,27948,156],{"class":71},[53,27950,81],{"class":67},[53,27952,284],{"class":273},[53,27954,125],{"class":67},[53,27956,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973,27975,27977,27979,27981],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,27958,153],{"class":67},[53,27960,156],{"class":71},[53,27962,464],{"class":75},[53,27964,156],{"class":71},[53,27966,191],{"class":67},[53,27968,4858],{"class":273},[53,27970,81],{"class":67},[53,27972,165],{"class":71},[53,27974,637],{"class":75},[53,27976,156],{"class":71},[53,27978,191],{"class":67},[53,27980,279],{"class":273},[53,27982,101],{"class":67},[20,27984,27985,27987],{},[15,27986,12133],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[39,27989,183,27991,186],{"id":27990},"what-popitem-does",[15,27992,12133],{},[20,27994,27995,191],{},[15,27996,12133],{},[193,27998,27999,28002,28007,28010],{},[196,28000,28001],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[196,28003,28004,28005],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28006,21010],{},[196,28008,28009],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[196,28011,28012],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28014,28015],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[39,28017,217],{"id":216},[44,28019,28021],{"className":46,"code":28020,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28022,28023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28024,28025,28027,28029,28031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28026,14965],{"class":59},[53,28028,37],{"class":67},[53,28030,27903],{"class":112},[53,28032,8011],{"class":67},[20,28034,10824],{},[193,28036,28037,28045,28048],{},[196,28038,28039,28041,28042],{},[15,28040,12133],{}," takes ",[30,28043,28044],{},"no arguments",[196,28046,28047],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[196,28049,28050],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28052,28053,28054,5994],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[464,28055,28056],{"href":11931},[15,28057,1260],{},[39,28059,28061],{"id":28060},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28063,28064,28065,28067],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28066,12133],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28069,28070,28071,28074],"ol",{},[196,28072,28073],{},"the key",[196,28075,28076],{},"the value",[20,28078,1559],{},[44,28080,28082],{"className":46,"code":28081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28083,28084,28120,28134,28138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28085,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094,28096,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28087,12563],{"class":59},[53,28089,64],{"class":63},[53,28091,68],{"class":67},[53,28093,72],{"class":71},[53,28095,7032],{"class":75},[53,28097,72],{"class":71},[53,28099,191],{"class":67},[53,28101,84],{"class":71},[53,28103,4362],{"class":75},[53,28105,72],{"class":71},[53,28107,81],{"class":67},[53,28109,84],{"class":71},[53,28111,8667],{"class":75},[53,28113,72],{"class":71},[53,28115,191],{"class":67},[53,28117,8674],{"class":273},[53,28119,101],{"class":67},[53,28121,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28123,1582],{"class":59},[53,28125,64],{"class":63},[53,28127,12606],{"class":59},[53,28129,37],{"class":67},[53,28131,27903],{"class":112},[53,28133,8011],{"class":67},[53,28135,28136],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,28137,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28139,28140,28142,28144,28146],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,28141,132],{"class":131},[53,28143,116],{"class":67},[53,28145,1617],{"class":112},[53,28147,125],{"class":67},[20,28149,28150],{},[30,28151,772],{},[44,28153,28155],{"className":46,"code":28154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28156,28157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28158,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28160,116],{"class":67},[53,28162,156],{"class":71},[53,28164,8667],{"class":75},[53,28166,156],{"class":71},[53,28168,81],{"class":67},[53,28170,8674],{"class":273},[53,28172,125],{"class":67},[20,28174,28175],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[44,28177,28179],{"className":46,"code":28178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28180,28181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28182,28183,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28184,1582],{"class":59},[53,28186,64],{"class":63},[53,28188,12606],{"class":59},[53,28190,37],{"class":67},[53,28192,27903],{"class":112},[53,28194,8011],{"class":67},[20,28196,28197],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[44,28199,28201],{"className":46,"code":28200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28202,28203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28204,28205,28207,28209,28211,28213,28215,28217,28219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28206,14201],{"class":59},[53,28208,81],{"class":67},[53,28210,20939],{"class":59},[53,28212,64],{"class":63},[53,28214,12606],{"class":59},[53,28216,37],{"class":67},[53,28218,27903],{"class":112},[53,28220,8011],{"class":67},[39,28222,337],{"id":336},[20,28224,28225],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[44,28227,28229],{"className":46,"code":28228,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28230,28231,28279,28283,28298,28302,28322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28232,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28263,28265,28267,28270,28272,28274,28277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28234,4422],{"class":59},[53,28236,64],{"class":63},[53,28238,68],{"class":67},[53,28240,72],{"class":71},[53,28242,28243],{"class":75},"Tom",[53,28245,72],{"class":71},[53,28247,191],{"class":67},[53,28249,4434],{"class":273},[53,28251,81],{"class":67},[53,28253,84],{"class":71},[53,28255,12244],{"class":75},[53,28257,72],{"class":71},[53,28259,191],{"class":67},[53,28261,28262],{"class":273}," 95",[53,28264,81],{"class":67},[53,28266,84],{"class":71},[53,28268,28269],{"class":75},"Leo",[53,28271,72],{"class":71},[53,28273,191],{"class":67},[53,28275,28276],{"class":273}," 88",[53,28278,101],{"class":67},[53,28280,28281],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28282,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28284,28285,28288,28290,28292,28294,28296],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,28286,28287],{"class":59},"removed_pair ",[53,28289,64],{"class":63},[53,28291,4469],{"class":59},[53,28293,37],{"class":67},[53,28295,27903],{"class":112},[53,28297,8011],{"class":67},[53,28299,28300],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,28301,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28303,28304,28306,28308,28310,28313,28315,28317,28320],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,28305,132],{"class":131},[53,28307,116],{"class":67},[53,28309,72],{"class":71},[53,28311,28312],{"class":75},"Removed:",[53,28314,72],{"class":71},[53,28316,81],{"class":67},[53,28318,28319],{"class":112}," removed_pair",[53,28321,125],{"class":67},[53,28323,28324,28326,28328,28330,28333,28335,28337,28339],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,28325,132],{"class":131},[53,28327,116],{"class":67},[53,28329,72],{"class":71},[53,28331,28332],{"class":75},"After removal:",[53,28334,72],{"class":71},[53,28336,81],{"class":67},[53,28338,4469],{"class":112},[53,28340,125],{"class":67},[20,28342,28343],{},[30,28344,772],{},[44,28346,28348],{"className":46,"code":28347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28349,28350,28371],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28351,28352,28355,28357,28359,28361,28363,28365,28367,28369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28353,28354],{"class":59},"Removed",[53,28356,191],{"class":67},[53,28358,8605],{"class":67},[53,28360,156],{"class":71},[53,28362,28269],{"class":75},[53,28364,156],{"class":71},[53,28366,81],{"class":67},[53,28368,28276],{"class":273},[53,28370,125],{"class":67},[53,28372,28373,28376,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388,28390,28392,28394,28396,28398,28400,28402],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28374,28375],{"class":59},"After removal",[53,28377,191],{"class":67},[53,28379,68],{"class":67},[53,28381,156],{"class":71},[53,28383,28243],{"class":75},[53,28385,156],{"class":71},[53,28387,191],{"class":67},[53,28389,4434],{"class":273},[53,28391,81],{"class":67},[53,28393,165],{"class":71},[53,28395,12244],{"class":75},[53,28397,156],{"class":71},[53,28399,191],{"class":67},[53,28401,28262],{"class":273},[53,28403,101],{"class":67},[20,28405,28406,28407,28410],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28408,28409],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[39,28412,28414],{"id":28413},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28416,28417,28418,28420],{},"Because ",[15,28419,12133],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[44,28422,28424],{"className":46,"code":28423,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28425,28426,28462,28466,28485,28489,28508,28527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28427,28428,28430,28432,28434,28436,28438,28440,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28429,14808],{"class":59},[53,28431,64],{"class":63},[53,28433,68],{"class":67},[53,28435,72],{"class":71},[53,28437,14819],{"class":75},[53,28439,72],{"class":71},[53,28441,191],{"class":67},[53,28443,84],{"class":71},[53,28445,14828],{"class":75},[53,28447,72],{"class":71},[53,28449,81],{"class":67},[53,28451,84],{"class":71},[53,28453,14839],{"class":75},[53,28455,72],{"class":71},[53,28457,191],{"class":67},[53,28459,26262],{"class":273},[53,28461,101],{"class":67},[53,28463,28464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28465,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28467,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476,28479,28481,28483],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,28469,14201],{"class":59},[53,28471,81],{"class":67},[53,28473,20939],{"class":59},[53,28475,64],{"class":63},[53,28477,28478],{"class":59}," book",[53,28480,37],{"class":67},[53,28482,27903],{"class":112},[53,28484,8011],{"class":67},[53,28486,28487],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,28488,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28490,28491,28493,28495,28497,28500,28502,28504,28506],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,28492,132],{"class":131},[53,28494,116],{"class":67},[53,28496,72],{"class":71},[53,28498,28499],{"class":75},"Key:",[53,28501,72],{"class":71},[53,28503,81],{"class":67},[53,28505,20934],{"class":112},[53,28507,125],{"class":67},[53,28509,28510,28512,28514,28516,28519,28521,28523,28525],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,28511,132],{"class":131},[53,28513,116],{"class":67},[53,28515,72],{"class":71},[53,28517,28518],{"class":75},"Value:",[53,28520,72],{"class":71},[53,28522,81],{"class":67},[53,28524,7801],{"class":112},[53,28526,125],{"class":67},[53,28528,28529,28531,28533,28535,28538,28540,28542,28544],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,28530,132],{"class":131},[53,28532,116],{"class":67},[53,28534,72],{"class":71},[53,28536,28537],{"class":75},"Dictionary:",[53,28539,72],{"class":71},[53,28541,81],{"class":67},[53,28543,28478],{"class":112},[53,28545,125],{"class":67},[20,28547,28548],{},[30,28549,772],{},[44,28551,28553],{"className":46,"code":28552,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28554,28555,28565,28575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28556,28557,28560,28562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28558,28559],{"class":59},"Key",[53,28561,191],{"class":67},[53,28563,28564],{"class":59}," pages\n",[53,28566,28567,28570,28572],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28568,28569],{"class":59},"Value",[53,28571,191],{"class":67},[53,28573,28574],{"class":273}," 200\n",[53,28576,28577,28580,28582,28584,28586,28588,28590,28592,28594,28596,28598],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,28578,28579],{"class":59},"Dictionary",[53,28581,191],{"class":67},[53,28583,68],{"class":67},[53,28585,156],{"class":71},[53,28587,14819],{"class":75},[53,28589,156],{"class":71},[53,28591,191],{"class":67},[53,28593,165],{"class":71},[53,28595,14828],{"class":75},[53,28597,156],{"class":71},[53,28599,101],{"class":67},[20,28601,28602],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[39,28604,28606],{"id":28605},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28608,28609,28610,27834,28612,37],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28611,12133],{},[30,28613,27837],{},[20,28615,1559],{},[44,28617,28619],{"className":46,"code":28618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28620,28621,28665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28622,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643,28645,28647,28649,28651,28653,28655,28657,28659,28661,28663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28624,8534],{"class":59},[53,28626,64],{"class":63},[53,28628,68],{"class":67},[53,28630,72],{"class":71},[53,28632,1524],{"class":75},[53,28634,72],{"class":71},[53,28636,191],{"class":67},[53,28638,4858],{"class":273},[53,28640,81],{"class":67},[53,28642,84],{"class":71},[53,28644,11110],{"class":75},[53,28646,72],{"class":71},[53,28648,191],{"class":67},[53,28650,279],{"class":273},[53,28652,81],{"class":67},[53,28654,84],{"class":71},[53,28656,21432],{"class":75},[53,28658,72],{"class":71},[53,28660,191],{"class":67},[53,28662,284],{"class":273},[53,28664,101],{"class":67},[53,28666,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28668,132],{"class":131},[53,28670,116],{"class":67},[53,28672,8573],{"class":112},[53,28674,37],{"class":67},[53,28676,27903],{"class":112},[53,28678,6557],{"class":67},[20,28680,28681],{},[30,28682,772],{},[44,28684,28686],{"className":46,"code":28685,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28687,28688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28689,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28691,116],{"class":67},[53,28693,156],{"class":71},[53,28695,21432],{"class":75},[53,28697,156],{"class":71},[53,28699,81],{"class":67},[53,28701,284],{"class":273},[53,28703,125],{"class":67},[20,28705,28706],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28708,28709,28710,28712,28713,28715],{},"As a beginner, do ",[30,28711,461],{}," think of ",[15,28714,12133],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28717,28718,28719,1540,28723,16431,28727,37],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[464,28720,28721],{"href":16434},[15,28722,16437],{},[464,28724,28725],{"href":16421},[15,28726,16424],{},[464,28728,28729],{"href":16427},[15,28730,16430],{},[39,28732,28734,28735,594,28737],{"id":28733},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28736,12133],{},[15,28738,1260],{},[20,28740,28741,594,28743,28745],{},[15,28742,12133],{},[15,28744,1260],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[599,28747,28748],{"id":27903},[15,28749,12133],{},[193,28751,28752,28755,28758],{},[196,28753,28754],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[196,28756,28757],{},"does not need a key argument",[196,28759,3052,28760],{},[15,28761,21010],{},[599,28763,28764],{"id":25596},[15,28765,1260],{},[193,28767,28768,28771,28774],{},[196,28769,28770],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[196,28772,28773],{},"needs the key name",[196,28775,28776],{},"returns only the value",[20,28778,1559],{},[44,28780,28782],{"className":46,"code":28781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,28783,28784,28828,28832,28846,28866,28870,28892,28911,28915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28785,28786,28788,28790,28792,28794,28796,28798,28800,28802,28804,28806,28808,28810,28812,28814,28816,28818,28820,28822,28824,28826],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28787,8534],{"class":59},[53,28789,64],{"class":63},[53,28791,68],{"class":67},[53,28793,72],{"class":71},[53,28795,464],{"class":75},[53,28797,72],{"class":71},[53,28799,191],{"class":67},[53,28801,4858],{"class":273},[53,28803,81],{"class":67},[53,28805,84],{"class":71},[53,28807,637],{"class":75},[53,28809,72],{"class":71},[53,28811,191],{"class":67},[53,28813,279],{"class":273},[53,28815,81],{"class":67},[53,28817,84],{"class":71},[53,28819,646],{"class":75},[53,28821,72],{"class":71},[53,28823,191],{"class":67},[53,28825,284],{"class":273},[53,28827,101],{"class":67},[53,28829,28830],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28831,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28833,28834,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,28835,27894],{"class":59},[53,28837,64],{"class":63},[53,28839,13926],{"class":59},[53,28841,37],{"class":67},[53,28843,27903],{"class":112},[53,28845,8011],{"class":67},[53,28847,28848,28850,28852,28854,28857,28859,28861,28864],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,28849,132],{"class":131},[53,28851,116],{"class":67},[53,28853,72],{"class":71},[53,28855,28856],{"class":75},"popitem():",[53,28858,72],{"class":71},[53,28860,81],{"class":67},[53,28862,28863],{"class":112}," item",[53,28865,125],{"class":67},[53,28867,28868],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,28869,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28871,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,28873,1801],{"class":59},[53,28875,64],{"class":63},[53,28877,13926],{"class":59},[53,28879,37],{"class":67},[53,28881,25596],{"class":112},[53,28883,116],{"class":67},[53,28885,72],{"class":71},[53,28887,464],{"class":75},[53,28889,72],{"class":71},[53,28891,125],{"class":67},[53,28893,28894,28896,28898,28900,28903,28905,28907,28909],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,28895,132],{"class":131},[53,28897,116],{"class":67},[53,28899,72],{"class":71},[53,28901,28902],{"class":75},"pop('a'):",[53,28904,72],{"class":71},[53,28906,81],{"class":67},[53,28908,7801],{"class":112},[53,28910,125],{"class":67},[53,28912,28913],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,28914,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,28916,28917,28919,28921,28923],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,28918,132],{"class":131},[53,28920,116],{"class":67},[53,28922,8573],{"class":112},[53,28924,125],{"class":67},[20,28926,28927],{},[30,28928,772],{},[44,28930,28932],{"className":46,"code":28931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,28933,28934,28955,28972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,28935,28936,28938,28941,28943,28945,28947,28949,28951,28953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,28937,27903],{"class":112},[53,28939,28940],{"class":67},"():",[53,28942,8605],{"class":67},[53,28944,156],{"class":71},[53,28946,646],{"class":75},[53,28948,156],{"class":71},[53,28950,81],{"class":67},[53,28952,284],{"class":273},[53,28954,125],{"class":67},[53,28956,28957,28959,28961,28963,28965,28967,28969],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,28958,25596],{"class":112},[53,28960,116],{"class":67},[53,28962,156],{"class":71},[53,28964,464],{"class":75},[53,28966,156],{"class":71},[53,28968,15812],{"class":67},[53,28970,28971],{"class":273}," 1\n",[53,28973,28974,28976,28978,28980,28982,28984,28986],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,28975,153],{"class":67},[53,28977,156],{"class":71},[53,28979,637],{"class":75},[53,28981,156],{"class":71},[53,28983,191],{"class":67},[53,28985,279],{"class":273},[53,28987,101],{"class":67},[20,28989,174,28990,28994],{},[464,28991,28992],{"href":11931},[15,28993,1260],{}," when you know the key.",[20,28996,174,28997,28999],{},[15,28998,12133],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[39,29001,29003],{"id":29002},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29005,29006,29007,29009],{},"Calling ",[15,29008,12133],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[44,29011,29013],{"className":46,"code":29012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29014,29015,29023],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29016,29017,29019,29021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29018,8534],{"class":59},[53,29020,64],{"class":63},[53,29022,9205],{"class":67},[53,29024,29025,29027,29029,29031],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29026,8573],{"class":59},[53,29028,37],{"class":67},[53,29030,27903],{"class":112},[53,29032,8011],{"class":67},[20,29034,29035],{},[30,29036,29037],{},"Error:",[44,29039,29041],{"className":46,"code":29040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29042,29043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29044,29045,29047,29049,29051,29054],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29046,36],{"class":550},[53,29048,191],{"class":67},[53,29050,165],{"class":71},[53,29052,29053],{"class":75},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[53,29055,559],{"class":71},[599,29057,29059],{"id":29058},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[44,29061,29063],{"className":46,"code":29062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29064,29065,29073,29077,29085,29100,29110,29116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29066,29067,29069,29071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29068,8534],{"class":59},[53,29070,64],{"class":63},[53,29072,9205],{"class":67},[53,29074,29075],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29076,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,29078,29079,29081,29083],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29080,1106],{"class":1105},[53,29082,13926],{"class":59},[53,29084,1120],{"class":67},[53,29086,29087,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,29088,29089],{"class":59},"    item ",[53,29091,64],{"class":63},[53,29093,13926],{"class":59},[53,29095,37],{"class":67},[53,29097,27903],{"class":112},[53,29099,8011],{"class":67},[53,29101,29102,29104,29106,29108],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,29103,7435],{"class":131},[53,29105,116],{"class":67},[53,29107,22664],{"class":112},[53,29109,125],{"class":67},[53,29111,29112,29114],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,29113,26789],{"class":1105},[53,29115,1120],{"class":67},[53,29117,29118,29120,29122,29124,29127,29129],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,29119,7435],{"class":131},[53,29121,116],{"class":67},[53,29123,72],{"class":71},[53,29125,29126],{"class":75},"Dictionary is empty",[53,29128,72],{"class":71},[53,29130,125],{"class":67},[599,29132,29134,29135],{"id":29133},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29136,29137],{},"try-except",[44,29139,29141],{"className":46,"code":29140,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29142,29143,29151,29155,29162,29176,29186,29196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29144,29145,29147,29149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29146,8534],{"class":59},[53,29148,64],{"class":63},[53,29150,9205],{"class":67},[53,29152,29153],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29154,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,29156,29157,29160],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29158,29159],{"class":1105},"try",[53,29161,1120],{"class":67},[53,29163,29164,29166,29168,29170,29172,29174],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,29165,29089],{"class":59},[53,29167,64],{"class":63},[53,29169,13926],{"class":59},[53,29171,37],{"class":67},[53,29173,27903],{"class":112},[53,29175,8011],{"class":67},[53,29177,29178,29180,29182,29184],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,29179,7435],{"class":131},[53,29181,116],{"class":67},[53,29183,22664],{"class":112},[53,29185,125],{"class":67},[53,29187,29188,29191,29194],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,29189,29190],{"class":1105},"except",[53,29192,29193],{"class":550}," KeyError",[53,29195,1120],{"class":67},[53,29197,29198,29200,29202,29204,29207,29209],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,29199,7435],{"class":131},[53,29201,116],{"class":67},[53,29203,72],{"class":71},[53,29205,29206],{"class":75},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[53,29208,72],{"class":71},[53,29210,125],{"class":67},[20,29212,29213,29214,37],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[464,29215,25034,29217],{"href":29216},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29218,29219],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[39,29221,4319,29223],{"id":29222},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29224,12133],{},[20,29226,29227,29229],{},[15,29228,12133],{}," is useful when:",[193,29231,29232,29235,29238],{},[196,29233,29234],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[196,29236,29237],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[196,29239,29240],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29242,29243],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[44,29245,29247],{"className":46,"code":29246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29248,29249,29258,29278,29298,29316,29320,29324,29334,29353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29250,29251,29254,29256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29252,29253],{"class":59},"tasks ",[53,29255,64],{"class":63},[53,29257,10857],{"class":67},[53,29259,29260,29262,29265,29267,29269,29271,29274,29276],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29261,10862],{"class":71},[53,29263,29264],{"class":75},"first",[53,29266,72],{"class":71},[53,29268,191],{"class":67},[53,29270,84],{"class":71},[53,29272,29273],{"class":75},"wash dishes",[53,29275,72],{"class":71},[53,29277,10878],{"class":67},[53,29279,29280,29282,29285,29287,29289,29291,29294,29296],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29281,10862],{"class":71},[53,29283,29284],{"class":75},"second",[53,29286,72],{"class":71},[53,29288,191],{"class":67},[53,29290,84],{"class":71},[53,29292,29293],{"class":75},"do homework",[53,29295,72],{"class":71},[53,29297,10878],{"class":67},[53,29299,29300,29302,29305,29307,29309,29311,29314],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,29301,10862],{"class":71},[53,29303,29304],{"class":75},"third",[53,29306,72],{"class":71},[53,29308,191],{"class":67},[53,29310,84],{"class":71},[53,29312,29313],{"class":75},"read book",[53,29315,2715],{"class":71},[53,29317,29318],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,29319,101],{"class":67},[53,29321,29322],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,29323,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,29325,29326,29329,29332],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,29327,29328],{"class":1105},"while",[53,29330,29331],{"class":59}," tasks",[53,29333,1120],{"class":67},[53,29335,29336,29339,29341,29343,29345,29347,29349,29351],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,29337,29338],{"class":59},"    key",[53,29340,81],{"class":67},[53,29342,20939],{"class":59},[53,29344,64],{"class":63},[53,29346,29331],{"class":59},[53,29348,37],{"class":67},[53,29350,27903],{"class":112},[53,29352,8011],{"class":67},[53,29354,29355,29357,29359,29361,29363,29365,29367,29369,29371,29373,29375,29377,29379],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,29356,7435],{"class":131},[53,29358,116],{"class":67},[53,29360,21648],{"class":1415},[53,29362,72],{"class":75},[53,29364,153],{"class":273},[53,29366,14201],{"class":112},[53,29368,21657],{"class":273},[53,29370,21660],{"class":75},[53,29372,153],{"class":273},[53,29374,236],{"class":112},[53,29376,21657],{"class":273},[53,29378,72],{"class":75},[53,29380,125],{"class":67},[20,29382,29383],{},[30,29384,143],{},[44,29386,29388],{"className":46,"code":29387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29389,29390,29399,29408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29391,29392,29394,29396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29393,29304],{"class":59},[53,29395,191],{"class":67},[53,29397,29398],{"class":59}," read book\n",[53,29400,29401,29403,29405],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29402,29284],{"class":59},[53,29404,191],{"class":67},[53,29406,29407],{"class":59}," do homework\n",[53,29409,29410,29412,29414],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29411,29264],{"class":59},[53,29413,191],{"class":67},[53,29415,29416],{"class":59}," wash dishes\n",[20,29418,28417,29419,29421],{},[15,29420,12133],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[39,29423,2185],{"id":2184},[20,29425,14093,29426,191],{},[15,29427,12133],{},[193,29429,29430,29444,29463,29474],{},[196,29431,29432,29437],{},[30,29433,29006,29434,29436],{},[15,29435,12133],{}," on an empty dictionary",[193,29438,29439],{},[196,29440,29441,29442,37],{},"This raises ",[15,29443,36],{},[196,29445,29446,29451],{},[30,29447,838,29448,29450],{},[15,29449,12133],{}," to remove a specific key",[193,29452,29453,29456],{},[196,29454,29455],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[196,29457,174,29458,29462],{},[464,29459,29460],{"href":11931},[15,29461,1260],{}," if you need that.",[196,29464,29465,29469],{},[30,29466,4062,29467,27055],{},[15,29468,12133],{},[193,29470,29471],{},[196,29472,29473],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[196,29475,29476,29479],{},[30,29477,29478],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[193,29480,29481],{},[196,29482,29483,21330,29485,29487],{},[15,29484,12133],{},[15,29486,21010],{}," tuple.",[20,29489,29490],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[44,29492,29494],{"className":46,"code":29493,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29495,29496,29506,29520,29524,29538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29497,29498,29500,29502,29504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29499,132],{"class":131},[53,29501,116],{"class":67},[53,29503,10815],{"class":112},[53,29505,125],{"class":67},[53,29507,29508,29510,29512,29514,29516,29518],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29509,132],{"class":131},[53,29511,116],{"class":67},[53,29513,10528],{"class":131},[53,29515,116],{"class":67},[53,29517,10815],{"class":112},[53,29519,1377],{"class":67},[53,29521,29522],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29523,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,29525,29526,29528,29530,29532,29534,29536],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,29527,27894],{"class":59},[53,29529,64],{"class":63},[53,29531,11131],{"class":59},[53,29533,37],{"class":67},[53,29535,27903],{"class":112},[53,29537,8011],{"class":67},[53,29539,29540,29542,29544,29546],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,29541,132],{"class":131},[53,29543,116],{"class":67},[53,29545,22664],{"class":112},[53,29547,125],{"class":67},[20,29549,29550],{},"Or with unpacking:",[44,29552,29554],{"className":46,"code":29553,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29555,29556,29574,29584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29557,29558,29560,29562,29564,29566,29568,29570,29572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29559,14201],{"class":59},[53,29561,81],{"class":67},[53,29563,20939],{"class":59},[53,29565,64],{"class":63},[53,29567,11131],{"class":59},[53,29569,37],{"class":67},[53,29571,27903],{"class":112},[53,29573,8011],{"class":67},[53,29575,29576,29578,29580,29582],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29577,132],{"class":131},[53,29579,116],{"class":67},[53,29581,14201],{"class":112},[53,29583,125],{"class":67},[53,29585,29586,29588,29590,29592],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29587,132],{"class":131},[53,29589,116],{"class":67},[53,29591,236],{"class":112},[53,29593,125],{"class":67},[39,29595,1187],{"id":1186},[599,29597,4501,29599,4504],{"id":29598},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29600,12133],{},[20,29602,29603,29604,37],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29605,29606],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[599,29608,1191,29610,29612],{"id":29609},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29611,12133],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29614,29615],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[599,29617,29619,29620,29622],{"id":29618},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29621,12133],{}," removes?",[20,29624,29625,29626,29630],{},"No. Use ",[464,29627,29628],{"href":11931},[15,29629,1260],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[599,29632,1191,29634,14256],{"id":29633},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29635,12133],{},[20,29637,29638],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[599,29640,1203,29642,29644],{"id":29641},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary",[15,29643,12133],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29646,1209,29647,29649,29650,37],{},[15,29648,36],{}," with the message ",[15,29651,29053],{},[39,29653,1244],{"id":1243},[193,29655,29656,29663,29669,29675,29681,29688,29692,29696],{},[196,29657,29658],{},[464,29659,29660,29662],{"href":11931},[15,29661,1260],{}," method for dictionaries",[196,29664,29665],{},[464,29666,29667,29662],{"href":16434},[15,29668,16437],{},[196,29670,29671],{},[464,29672,29673,29662],{"href":16421},[15,29674,16424],{},[196,29676,29677],{},[464,29678,29679,29662],{"href":16427},[15,29680,16430],{},[196,29682,29683],{},[464,29684,29686,29662],{"href":29685},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29687,10687],{},[196,29689,29690],{},[464,29691,12150],{"href":11938},[196,29693,29694],{},[464,29695,20812],{"href":15957},[196,29697,29698],{},[464,29699,29700,29701],{"href":29216},"Fix ",[15,29702,29219],{},[1276,29704,29705],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":29707},[29708,29709,29711,29712,29713,29714,29715,29716,29721,29726,29728,29729,29741],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":27990,"depth":104,"text":29710},"What popitem() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":28060,"depth":104,"text":28061},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":28413,"depth":104,"text":28414},{"id":28605,"depth":104,"text":28606},{"id":28733,"depth":104,"text":29717,"children":29718},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29719,29720],{"id":27903,"depth":128,"text":12133},{"id":25596,"depth":128,"text":1260},{"id":29002,"depth":104,"text":29003,"children":29722},[29723,29724],{"id":29058,"depth":128,"text":29059},{"id":29133,"depth":128,"text":29725},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29222,"depth":104,"text":29727},"When to use popitem()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":29730},[29731,29733,29735,29737,29739],{"id":29598,"depth":128,"text":29732},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29609,"depth":128,"text":29734},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29618,"depth":128,"text":29736},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29633,"depth":128,"text":29738},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29641,"depth":128,"text":29740},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27729,"description":29742},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29749,"title":29750,"body":29751,"description":31654,"extension":1312,"meta":31655,"navigation":383,"path":13392,"seo":31656,"stem":31657,"__hash__":31658},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29752,"toc":31626},[29753,29758,29763,29766,29768,29865,29870,29875,29880,29883,29891,29894,29909,29911,30011,30013,30070,30074,30076,30079,30099,30104,30115,30118,30145,30148,30150,30207,30209,30230,30236,30241,30244,30255,30257,30365,30367,30420,30422,30434,30441,30447,30452,30455,30543,30545,30590,30593,30601,30604,30607,30676,30679,30682,30686,30689,30760,30762,30815,30818,30821,30824,30839,30842,30854,30857,30920,30922,30928,30930,30932,31011,31013,31054,31056,31121,31123,31160,31165,31170,31174,31188,31191,31314,31316,31401,31406,31408,31412,31434,31437,31517,31520,31539,31544,31546,31552,31557,31563,31566,31572,31575,31581,31586,31592,31598,31600,31623],[10,29754,10684,29756,18],{"id":29755},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,29757,14314],{},[20,29759,1329,29760,29762],{},[15,29761,14314],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,29764,29765],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[39,29767,42],{"id":41},[44,29769,29771],{"className":46,"code":29770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,29772,29773,29809,29850,29860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29774,29775,29777,29779,29781,29783,29785,29787,29789,29791,29793,29795,29797,29799,29801,29803,29805,29807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29776,12563],{"class":59},[53,29778,64],{"class":63},[53,29780,68],{"class":67},[53,29782,72],{"class":71},[53,29784,7032],{"class":75},[53,29786,72],{"class":71},[53,29788,191],{"class":67},[53,29790,84],{"class":71},[53,29792,12244],{"class":75},[53,29794,72],{"class":71},[53,29796,81],{"class":67},[53,29798,84],{"class":71},[53,29800,8667],{"class":75},[53,29802,72],{"class":71},[53,29804,191],{"class":67},[53,29806,7155],{"class":273},[53,29808,101],{"class":67},[53,29810,29811,29813,29815,29818,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828,29831,29833,29835,29837,29839,29841,29843,29845,29847],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29812,16666],{"class":59},[53,29814,37],{"class":67},[53,29816,29817],{"class":112},"update",[53,29819,4890],{"class":67},[53,29821,72],{"class":71},[53,29823,8667],{"class":75},[53,29825,72],{"class":71},[53,29827,191],{"class":67},[53,29829,29830],{"class":273}," 21",[53,29832,81],{"class":67},[53,29834,84],{"class":71},[53,29836,9776],{"class":75},[53,29838,72],{"class":71},[53,29840,191],{"class":67},[53,29842,84],{"class":71},[53,29844,15391],{"class":75},[53,29846,72],{"class":71},[53,29848,29849],{"class":67},"})\n",[53,29851,29852,29854,29856,29858],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,29853,132],{"class":131},[53,29855,116],{"class":67},[53,29857,16666],{"class":112},[53,29859,125],{"class":67},[53,29861,29862],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,29863,29864],{"class":3024},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,29866,174,29867,29869],{},[15,29868,14314],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[39,29871,183,29873,186],{"id":29872},"what-update-does",[15,29874,14314],{},[20,29876,29877,29879],{},[15,29878,14314],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,29881,29882],{},"It can do two main things:",[193,29884,29885,29888],{},[196,29886,29887],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[196,29889,29890],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,29892,29893],{},"Important things to know:",[193,29895,29896,29899,29902,29906],{},[196,29897,29898],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[196,29900,29901],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[196,29903,4507,29904],{},[15,29905,849],{},[196,29907,29908],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,29910,1559],{},[44,29912,29914],{"className":46,"code":29913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,29915,29916,29958,30001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,29917,29918,29920,29922,29924,29926,29928,29930,29932,29934,29937,29939,29941,29943,29945,29947,29949,29951,29954,29956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,29919,12227],{"class":59},[53,29921,64],{"class":63},[53,29923,68],{"class":67},[53,29925,72],{"class":71},[53,29927,7032],{"class":75},[53,29929,72],{"class":71},[53,29931,191],{"class":67},[53,29933,84],{"class":71},[53,29935,29936],{"class":75},"Mira",[53,29938,72],{"class":71},[53,29940,81],{"class":67},[53,29942,84],{"class":71},[53,29944,19247],{"class":75},[53,29946,72],{"class":71},[53,29948,191],{"class":67},[53,29950,84],{"class":71},[53,29952,29953],{"class":75},"B",[53,29955,72],{"class":71},[53,29957,101],{"class":67},[53,29959,29960,29962,29964,29966,29968,29970,29972,29974,29976,29978,29980,29982,29984,29986,29988,29990,29992,29994,29997,29999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,29961,12985],{"class":59},[53,29963,37],{"class":67},[53,29965,29817],{"class":112},[53,29967,4890],{"class":67},[53,29969,72],{"class":71},[53,29971,19247],{"class":75},[53,29973,72],{"class":71},[53,29975,191],{"class":67},[53,29977,84],{"class":71},[53,29979,21599],{"class":75},[53,29981,72],{"class":71},[53,29983,81],{"class":67},[53,29985,84],{"class":71},[53,29987,9776],{"class":75},[53,29989,72],{"class":71},[53,29991,191],{"class":67},[53,29993,84],{"class":71},[53,29995,29996],{"class":75},"Quito",[53,29998,72],{"class":71},[53,30000,29849],{"class":67},[53,30002,30003,30005,30007,30009],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30004,132],{"class":131},[53,30006,116],{"class":67},[53,30008,12985],{"class":112},[53,30010,125],{"class":67},[20,30012,772],{},[44,30014,30016],{"className":46,"code":30015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30017,30018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30019,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052,30054,30056,30058,30060,30062,30064,30066,30068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30021,153],{"class":67},[53,30023,156],{"class":71},[53,30025,7032],{"class":75},[53,30027,156],{"class":71},[53,30029,191],{"class":67},[53,30031,165],{"class":71},[53,30033,29936],{"class":75},[53,30035,156],{"class":71},[53,30037,81],{"class":67},[53,30039,165],{"class":71},[53,30041,19247],{"class":75},[53,30043,156],{"class":71},[53,30045,191],{"class":67},[53,30047,165],{"class":71},[53,30049,21599],{"class":75},[53,30051,156],{"class":71},[53,30053,81],{"class":67},[53,30055,165],{"class":71},[53,30057,9776],{"class":75},[53,30059,156],{"class":71},[53,30061,191],{"class":67},[53,30063,165],{"class":71},[53,30065,29996],{"class":75},[53,30067,156],{"class":71},[53,30069,101],{"class":67},[20,30071,8520,30072,37],{},[464,30073,23982],{"href":8758},[39,30075,217],{"id":216},[20,30077,30078],{},"The basic form is:",[44,30080,30082],{"className":46,"code":30081,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30083,30084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30085,30086,30088,30090,30092,30094,30097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30087,14965],{"class":59},[53,30089,37],{"class":67},[53,30091,29817],{"class":112},[53,30093,116],{"class":67},[53,30095,30096],{"class":112},"other",[53,30098,125],{"class":67},[20,30100,30101,30103],{},[15,30102,30096],{}," can be:",[193,30105,30106,30109,30112],{},[196,30107,30108],{},"Another dictionary",[196,30110,30111],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[196,30113,30114],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30116,30117],{},"You can also use:",[44,30119,30121],{"className":46,"code":30120,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30122,30123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30124,30125,30127,30129,30131,30133,30135,30137,30139,30141,30143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30126,14965],{"class":59},[53,30128,37],{"class":67},[53,30130,29817],{"class":112},[53,30132,116],{"class":67},[53,30134,7032],{"class":8544},[53,30136,64],{"class":63},[53,30138,72],{"class":71},[53,30140,7041],{"class":75},[53,30142,72],{"class":71},[53,30144,125],{"class":67},[20,30146,30147],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30149,1559],{},[44,30151,30153],{"className":46,"code":30152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30154,30155,30175,30197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30156,30157,30159,30161,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30158,8534],{"class":59},[53,30160,64],{"class":63},[53,30162,68],{"class":67},[53,30164,72],{"class":71},[53,30166,464],{"class":75},[53,30168,72],{"class":71},[53,30170,191],{"class":67},[53,30172,4858],{"class":273},[53,30174,101],{"class":67},[53,30176,30177,30179,30181,30183,30185,30187,30189,30191,30193,30195],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30178,8573],{"class":59},[53,30180,37],{"class":67},[53,30182,29817],{"class":112},[53,30184,4890],{"class":67},[53,30186,72],{"class":71},[53,30188,464],{"class":75},[53,30190,72],{"class":71},[53,30192,191],{"class":67},[53,30194,5366],{"class":273},[53,30196,29849],{"class":67},[53,30198,30199,30201,30203,30205],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30200,132],{"class":131},[53,30202,116],{"class":67},[53,30204,8573],{"class":112},[53,30206,125],{"class":67},[20,30208,772],{},[44,30210,30212],{"className":46,"code":30211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30213,30214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30215,30216,30218,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30217,153],{"class":67},[53,30219,156],{"class":71},[53,30221,464],{"class":75},[53,30223,156],{"class":71},[53,30225,191],{"class":67},[53,30227,5366],{"class":273},[53,30229,101],{"class":67},[39,30231,7785,30233,30235],{"id":30232},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30234,14314],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30237,30238,30239,37],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30240,14314],{},[20,30242,30243],{},"It is useful when:",[193,30245,30246,30249,30252],{},[196,30247,30248],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[196,30250,30251],{},"Adding extra settings",[196,30253,30254],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30256,1559],{},[44,30258,30260],{"className":46,"code":30259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30261,30262,30299,30336,30340,30355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30263,30264,30266,30268,30270,30272,30274,30276,30278,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30265,13185],{"class":59},[53,30267,64],{"class":63},[53,30269,68],{"class":67},[53,30271,72],{"class":71},[53,30273,11859],{"class":75},[53,30275,72],{"class":71},[53,30277,191],{"class":67},[53,30279,84],{"class":71},[53,30281,20284],{"class":75},[53,30283,72],{"class":71},[53,30285,81],{"class":67},[53,30287,84],{"class":71},[53,30289,13210],{"class":75},[53,30291,72],{"class":71},[53,30293,191],{"class":67},[53,30295,30296],{"class":273}," 12",[53,30298,101],{"class":67},[53,30300,30301,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328,30330,30332,30334],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30302,30303],{"class":59},"new_settings ",[53,30305,64],{"class":63},[53,30307,68],{"class":67},[53,30309,72],{"class":71},[53,30311,13210],{"class":75},[53,30313,72],{"class":71},[53,30315,191],{"class":67},[53,30317,13217],{"class":273},[53,30319,81],{"class":67},[53,30321,84],{"class":71},[53,30323,19479],{"class":75},[53,30325,72],{"class":71},[53,30327,191],{"class":67},[53,30329,84],{"class":71},[53,30331,19513],{"class":75},[53,30333,72],{"class":71},[53,30335,101],{"class":67},[53,30337,30338],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30339,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,30341,30342,30344,30346,30348,30350,30353],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,30343,13244],{"class":59},[53,30345,37],{"class":67},[53,30347,29817],{"class":112},[53,30349,116],{"class":67},[53,30351,30352],{"class":112},"new_settings",[53,30354,125],{"class":67},[53,30356,30357,30359,30361,30363],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,30358,132],{"class":131},[53,30360,116],{"class":67},[53,30362,13244],{"class":112},[53,30364,125],{"class":67},[20,30366,772],{},[44,30368,30370],{"className":46,"code":30369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30371,30372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30373,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388,30390,30392,30394,30396,30398,30400,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30375,153],{"class":67},[53,30377,156],{"class":71},[53,30379,11859],{"class":75},[53,30381,156],{"class":71},[53,30383,191],{"class":67},[53,30385,165],{"class":71},[53,30387,20284],{"class":75},[53,30389,156],{"class":71},[53,30391,81],{"class":67},[53,30393,165],{"class":71},[53,30395,13210],{"class":75},[53,30397,156],{"class":71},[53,30399,191],{"class":67},[53,30401,13217],{"class":273},[53,30403,81],{"class":67},[53,30405,165],{"class":71},[53,30407,19479],{"class":75},[53,30409,156],{"class":71},[53,30411,191],{"class":67},[53,30413,165],{"class":71},[53,30415,19513],{"class":75},[53,30417,156],{"class":71},[53,30419,101],{"class":67},[20,30421,12768],{},[193,30423,30424,30429],{},[196,30425,30426,30428],{},[15,30427,13210],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[196,30430,30431,30433],{},[15,30432,19479],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30435,30436,30437,37],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[464,30438,30440],{"href":30439},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[39,30442,7785,30444,30446],{"id":30443},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30445,14314],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30448,30449,30451],{},[15,30450,14314],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30453,30454],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[44,30456,30458],{"className":46,"code":30457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30459,30460,30480,30515,30519,30533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30461,30462,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30463,4422],{"class":59},[53,30465,64],{"class":63},[53,30467,68],{"class":67},[53,30469,72],{"class":71},[53,30471,17775],{"class":75},[53,30473,72],{"class":71},[53,30475,191],{"class":67},[53,30477,19254],{"class":273},[53,30479,101],{"class":67},[53,30481,30482,30484,30486,30488,30490,30492,30494,30496,30498,30500,30502,30504,30507,30509,30511,30513],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30483,8584],{"class":59},[53,30485,64],{"class":63},[53,30487,8589],{"class":67},[53,30489,72],{"class":71},[53,30491,17784],{"class":75},[53,30493,72],{"class":71},[53,30495,81],{"class":67},[53,30497,12866],{"class":273},[53,30499,8602],{"class":67},[53,30501,8605],{"class":67},[53,30503,72],{"class":71},[53,30505,30506],{"class":75},"english",[53,30508,72],{"class":71},[53,30510,81],{"class":67},[53,30512,28276],{"class":273},[53,30514,8618],{"class":67},[53,30516,30517],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30518,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,30520,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,30522,15749],{"class":59},[53,30524,37],{"class":67},[53,30526,29817],{"class":112},[53,30528,116],{"class":67},[53,30530,8631],{"class":112},[53,30532,125],{"class":67},[53,30534,30535,30537,30539,30541],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,30536,132],{"class":131},[53,30538,116],{"class":67},[53,30540,15749],{"class":112},[53,30542,125],{"class":67},[20,30544,772],{},[44,30546,30548],{"className":46,"code":30547,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30549,30550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30551,30552,30554,30556,30558,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30553,153],{"class":67},[53,30555,156],{"class":71},[53,30557,17775],{"class":75},[53,30559,156],{"class":71},[53,30561,191],{"class":67},[53,30563,19254],{"class":273},[53,30565,81],{"class":67},[53,30567,165],{"class":71},[53,30569,17784],{"class":75},[53,30571,156],{"class":71},[53,30573,191],{"class":67},[53,30575,12866],{"class":273},[53,30577,81],{"class":67},[53,30579,165],{"class":71},[53,30581,30506],{"class":75},[53,30583,156],{"class":71},[53,30585,191],{"class":67},[53,30587,28276],{"class":273},[53,30589,101],{"class":67},[20,30591,30592],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[193,30594,30595,30598],{},[196,30596,30597],{},"The key",[196,30599,30600],{},"The value",[20,30602,30603],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30605,30606],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[44,30608,30610],{"className":46,"code":30609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30611,30612,30632,30657,30661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30613,30614,30616,30618,30620,30622,30624,30626,30628,30630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30615,8534],{"class":59},[53,30617,64],{"class":63},[53,30619,68],{"class":67},[53,30621,72],{"class":71},[53,30623,464],{"class":75},[53,30625,72],{"class":71},[53,30627,191],{"class":67},[53,30629,4858],{"class":273},[53,30631,101],{"class":67},[53,30633,30634,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30635,30636],{"class":59},"bad_pairs ",[53,30638,64],{"class":63},[53,30640,8589],{"class":67},[53,30642,72],{"class":71},[53,30644,637],{"class":75},[53,30646,72],{"class":71},[53,30648,81],{"class":67},[53,30650,279],{"class":273},[53,30652,81],{"class":67},[53,30654,284],{"class":273},[53,30656,8618],{"class":67},[53,30658,30659],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30660,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,30662,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30674],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,30664,8573],{"class":59},[53,30666,37],{"class":67},[53,30668,29817],{"class":112},[53,30670,116],{"class":67},[53,30672,30673],{"class":112},"bad_pairs",[53,30675,125],{"class":67},[20,30677,30678],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30680,30681],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[39,30683,30685],{"id":30684},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30687,30688],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[44,30690,30692],{"className":46,"code":30691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30693,30694,30718,30750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30695,30696,30698,30700,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30697,10852],{"class":59},[53,30699,64],{"class":63},[53,30701,68],{"class":67},[53,30703,72],{"class":71},[53,30705,7032],{"class":75},[53,30707,72],{"class":71},[53,30709,191],{"class":67},[53,30711,84],{"class":71},[53,30713,28269],{"class":75},[53,30715,72],{"class":71},[53,30717,101],{"class":67},[53,30719,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30739,30741,30743,30746,30748],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30721,10946],{"class":59},[53,30723,37],{"class":67},[53,30725,29817],{"class":112},[53,30727,116],{"class":67},[53,30729,8667],{"class":8544},[53,30731,64],{"class":63},[53,30733,8562],{"class":273},[53,30735,81],{"class":67},[53,30737,30738],{"class":8544}," city",[53,30740,64],{"class":63},[53,30742,72],{"class":71},[53,30744,30745],{"class":75},"Madrid",[53,30747,72],{"class":71},[53,30749,125],{"class":67},[53,30751,30752,30754,30756,30758],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30753,132],{"class":131},[53,30755,116],{"class":67},[53,30757,10946],{"class":112},[53,30759,125],{"class":67},[20,30761,772],{},[44,30763,30765],{"className":46,"code":30764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,30766,30767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30768,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30793,30795,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30770,153],{"class":67},[53,30772,156],{"class":71},[53,30774,7032],{"class":75},[53,30776,156],{"class":71},[53,30778,191],{"class":67},[53,30780,165],{"class":71},[53,30782,28269],{"class":75},[53,30784,156],{"class":71},[53,30786,81],{"class":67},[53,30788,165],{"class":71},[53,30790,8667],{"class":75},[53,30792,156],{"class":71},[53,30794,191],{"class":67},[53,30796,8674],{"class":273},[53,30798,81],{"class":67},[53,30800,165],{"class":71},[53,30802,9776],{"class":75},[53,30804,156],{"class":71},[53,30806,191],{"class":67},[53,30808,165],{"class":71},[53,30810,30745],{"class":75},[53,30812,156],{"class":71},[53,30814,101],{"class":67},[20,30816,30817],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,30819,30820],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,30822,30823],{},"These work:",[193,30825,30826,30830,30834],{},[196,30827,30828],{},[15,30829,8667],{},[196,30831,30832],{},[15,30833,9776],{},[196,30835,30836],{},[15,30837,30838],{},"first_name",[20,30840,30841],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[193,30843,30844,30849],{},[196,30845,30846],{},[15,30847,30848],{},"\"first name\"",[196,30850,30851],{},[15,30852,30853],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,30855,30856],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[44,30858,30860],{"className":46,"code":30859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,30861,30862,30870,30910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30863,30864,30866,30868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30865,10852],{"class":59},[53,30867,64],{"class":63},[53,30869,9205],{"class":67},[53,30871,30872,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30901,30903,30905,30908],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30873,10946],{"class":59},[53,30875,37],{"class":67},[53,30877,29817],{"class":112},[53,30879,4890],{"class":67},[53,30881,72],{"class":71},[53,30883,9879],{"class":75},[53,30885,72],{"class":71},[53,30887,191],{"class":67},[53,30889,84],{"class":71},[53,30891,28269],{"class":75},[53,30893,72],{"class":71},[53,30895,81],{"class":67},[53,30897,84],{"class":71},[53,30899,30900],{"class":75},"user-id",[53,30902,72],{"class":71},[53,30904,191],{"class":67},[53,30906,30907],{"class":273}," 1001",[53,30909,29849],{"class":67},[53,30911,30912,30914,30916,30918],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30913,132],{"class":131},[53,30915,116],{"class":67},[53,30917,10946],{"class":112},[53,30919,125],{"class":67},[39,30921,16778],{"id":16777},[20,30923,30924,1751,30926,37],{},[15,30925,14314],{},[15,30927,849],{},[20,30929,13408],{},[20,30931,24062],{},[44,30933,30935],{"className":46,"code":30934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,30936,30937,30961,30987,30991,31001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,30938,30939,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,30940,12563],{"class":59},[53,30942,64],{"class":63},[53,30944,68],{"class":67},[53,30946,72],{"class":71},[53,30948,7032],{"class":75},[53,30950,72],{"class":71},[53,30952,191],{"class":67},[53,30954,84],{"class":71},[53,30956,12244],{"class":75},[53,30958,72],{"class":71},[53,30960,101],{"class":67},[53,30962,30963,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30983,30985],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,30964,1582],{"class":59},[53,30966,64],{"class":63},[53,30968,12606],{"class":59},[53,30970,37],{"class":67},[53,30972,29817],{"class":112},[53,30974,4890],{"class":67},[53,30976,72],{"class":71},[53,30978,8667],{"class":75},[53,30980,72],{"class":71},[53,30982,191],{"class":67},[53,30984,7155],{"class":273},[53,30986,29849],{"class":67},[53,30988,30989],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,30990,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,30992,30993,30995,30997,30999],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,30994,132],{"class":131},[53,30996,116],{"class":67},[53,30998,1617],{"class":112},[53,31000,125],{"class":67},[53,31002,31003,31005,31007,31009],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,31004,132],{"class":131},[53,31006,116],{"class":67},[53,31008,16666],{"class":112},[53,31010,125],{"class":67},[20,31012,772],{},[44,31014,31016],{"className":46,"code":31015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31017,31018,31022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31019,31020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31021,931],{"class":938},[53,31023,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31025,153],{"class":67},[53,31027,156],{"class":71},[53,31029,7032],{"class":75},[53,31031,156],{"class":71},[53,31033,191],{"class":67},[53,31035,165],{"class":71},[53,31037,12244],{"class":75},[53,31039,156],{"class":71},[53,31041,81],{"class":67},[53,31043,165],{"class":71},[53,31045,8667],{"class":75},[53,31047,156],{"class":71},[53,31049,191],{"class":67},[53,31051,7155],{"class":273},[53,31053,101],{"class":67},[20,31055,941],{},[44,31057,31059],{"className":46,"code":31058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31060,31061,31085,31107,31111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31062,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073,31075,31077,31079,31081,31083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31064,12563],{"class":59},[53,31066,64],{"class":63},[53,31068,68],{"class":67},[53,31070,72],{"class":71},[53,31072,7032],{"class":75},[53,31074,72],{"class":71},[53,31076,191],{"class":67},[53,31078,84],{"class":71},[53,31080,12244],{"class":75},[53,31082,72],{"class":71},[53,31084,101],{"class":67},[53,31086,31087,31089,31091,31093,31095,31097,31099,31101,31103,31105],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31088,16666],{"class":59},[53,31090,37],{"class":67},[53,31092,29817],{"class":112},[53,31094,4890],{"class":67},[53,31096,72],{"class":71},[53,31098,8667],{"class":75},[53,31100,72],{"class":71},[53,31102,191],{"class":67},[53,31104,7155],{"class":273},[53,31106,29849],{"class":67},[53,31108,31109],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,31110,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,31112,31113,31115,31117,31119],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,31114,132],{"class":131},[53,31116,116],{"class":67},[53,31118,16666],{"class":112},[53,31120,125],{"class":67},[20,31122,772],{},[44,31124,31126],{"className":46,"code":31125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31127,31128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31129,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31131,153],{"class":67},[53,31133,156],{"class":71},[53,31135,7032],{"class":75},[53,31137,156],{"class":71},[53,31139,191],{"class":67},[53,31141,165],{"class":71},[53,31143,12244],{"class":75},[53,31145,156],{"class":71},[53,31147,81],{"class":67},[53,31149,165],{"class":71},[53,31151,8667],{"class":75},[53,31153,156],{"class":71},[53,31155,191],{"class":67},[53,31157,7155],{"class":273},[53,31159,101],{"class":67},[20,31161,31162,31163,37],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[464,31164,17262],{"href":10098},[39,31166,4319,31168],{"id":31167},"when-to-use-update",[15,31169,14314],{},[20,31171,174,31172,9968],{},[15,31173,14314],{},[193,31175,31176,31179,31182,31185],{},[196,31177,31178],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[196,31180,31181],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[196,31183,31184],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[196,31186,31187],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31189,31190],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[44,31192,31194],{"className":46,"code":31193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31195,31196,31232,31247,31251,31290,31294,31304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31197,31198,31200,31202,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31199,11450],{"class":59},[53,31201,64],{"class":63},[53,31203,68],{"class":67},[53,31205,72],{"class":71},[53,31207,7032],{"class":75},[53,31209,72],{"class":71},[53,31211,191],{"class":67},[53,31213,84],{"class":71},[53,31215,12244],{"class":75},[53,31217,72],{"class":71},[53,31219,81],{"class":67},[53,31221,84],{"class":71},[53,31223,8667],{"class":75},[53,31225,72],{"class":71},[53,31227,191],{"class":67},[53,31229,7155],{"class":273},[53,31231,101],{"class":67},[53,31233,31234,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31235,31236],{"class":59},"updated ",[53,31238,64],{"class":63},[53,31240,11525],{"class":59},[53,31242,37],{"class":67},[53,31244,12275],{"class":112},[53,31246,8011],{"class":67},[53,31248,31249],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,31250,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,31252,31253,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272,31274,31276,31278,31280,31282,31284,31286,31288],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,31254,31255],{"class":59},"updated",[53,31257,37],{"class":67},[53,31259,29817],{"class":112},[53,31261,4890],{"class":67},[53,31263,72],{"class":71},[53,31265,8667],{"class":75},[53,31267,72],{"class":71},[53,31269,191],{"class":67},[53,31271,29830],{"class":273},[53,31273,81],{"class":67},[53,31275,84],{"class":71},[53,31277,9776],{"class":75},[53,31279,72],{"class":71},[53,31281,191],{"class":67},[53,31283,84],{"class":71},[53,31285,15391],{"class":75},[53,31287,72],{"class":71},[53,31289,29849],{"class":67},[53,31291,31292],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,31293,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,31295,31296,31298,31300,31302],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,31297,132],{"class":131},[53,31299,116],{"class":67},[53,31301,11497],{"class":112},[53,31303,125],{"class":67},[53,31305,31306,31308,31310,31312],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,31307,132],{"class":131},[53,31309,116],{"class":67},[53,31311,31255],{"class":112},[53,31313,125],{"class":67},[20,31315,772],{},[44,31317,31319],{"className":46,"code":31318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31320,31321,31353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31322,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343,31345,31347,31349,31351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31324,153],{"class":67},[53,31326,156],{"class":71},[53,31328,7032],{"class":75},[53,31330,156],{"class":71},[53,31332,191],{"class":67},[53,31334,165],{"class":71},[53,31336,12244],{"class":75},[53,31338,156],{"class":71},[53,31340,81],{"class":67},[53,31342,165],{"class":71},[53,31344,8667],{"class":75},[53,31346,156],{"class":71},[53,31348,191],{"class":67},[53,31350,7155],{"class":273},[53,31352,101],{"class":67},[53,31354,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365,31367,31369,31371,31373,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31356,153],{"class":67},[53,31358,156],{"class":71},[53,31360,7032],{"class":75},[53,31362,156],{"class":71},[53,31364,191],{"class":67},[53,31366,165],{"class":71},[53,31368,12244],{"class":75},[53,31370,156],{"class":71},[53,31372,81],{"class":67},[53,31374,165],{"class":71},[53,31376,8667],{"class":75},[53,31378,156],{"class":71},[53,31380,191],{"class":67},[53,31382,29830],{"class":273},[53,31384,81],{"class":67},[53,31386,165],{"class":71},[53,31388,9776],{"class":75},[53,31390,156],{"class":71},[53,31392,191],{"class":67},[53,31394,165],{"class":71},[53,31396,15391],{"class":75},[53,31398,156],{"class":71},[53,31400,101],{"class":67},[20,31402,31403,31404,37],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[464,31405,15958],{"href":15957},[39,31407,2185],{"id":2184},[20,31409,10114,31410,191],{},[15,31411,14314],{},[193,31413,31414,31421,31425,31428,31431],{},[196,31415,11959,31416,31418,31419],{},[15,31417,14314],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31420,849],{},[196,31422,838,31423,11967],{},[15,31424,14314],{},[196,31426,31427],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[196,31429,31430],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[196,31432,31433],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31435,31436],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[44,31438,31440],{"className":46,"code":31439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31441,31442,31452,31466,31480,31502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31443,31444,31446,31448,31450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31445,132],{"class":131},[53,31447,116],{"class":67},[53,31449,10815],{"class":112},[53,31451,125],{"class":67},[53,31453,31454,31456,31458,31460,31462,31464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31455,132],{"class":131},[53,31457,116],{"class":67},[53,31459,2578],{"class":550},[53,31461,116],{"class":67},[53,31463,8573],{"class":112},[53,31465,1377],{"class":67},[53,31467,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,31469,132],{"class":131},[53,31471,116],{"class":67},[53,31473,7460],{"class":550},[53,31475,116],{"class":67},[53,31477,8573],{"class":112},[53,31479,1377],{"class":67},[53,31481,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490,31492,31494,31496,31498,31500],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,31483,132],{"class":131},[53,31485,116],{"class":67},[53,31487,10815],{"class":112},[53,31489,37],{"class":67},[53,31491,19106],{"class":112},[53,31493,116],{"class":67},[53,31495,156],{"class":71},[53,31497,14201],{"class":75},[53,31499,156],{"class":71},[53,31501,1377],{"class":67},[53,31503,31504,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,31505,31506],{"class":131},"help",[53,31508,116],{"class":67},[53,31510,8189],{"class":550},[53,31512,37],{"class":67},[53,31514,29817],{"class":24104},[53,31516,125],{"class":67},[20,31518,31519],{},"These can help you check:",[193,31521,31522,31525,31530,31533,31536],{},[196,31523,31524],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[196,31526,31527,31528],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31529,14314],{},[196,31531,31532],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[196,31534,31535],{},"Whether a key exists",[196,31537,31538],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31540,31541,31542,37],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[464,31543,579],{"href":578},[39,31545,1187],{"id":1186},[599,31547,1191,31549,31551],{"id":31548},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31550,14314],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31553,31554,31555,37],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31556,849],{},[599,31558,1191,31560,31562],{"id":31559},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31561,14314],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31564,31565],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[599,31567,1234,31569,31571],{"id":31568},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31570,14314],{}," add new keys?",[20,31573,31574],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[599,31576,27684,31578,31580],{"id":31577},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31579,14314],{}," with a list?",[20,31582,31583,31584,37],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31585,10461],{},[599,31587,4538,31589,31591],{"id":31588},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31590,14314],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31593,31594,31595,31597],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31596,14314],{}," can change many keys at once.",[39,31599,1244],{"id":1243},[193,31601,31602,31606,31610,31615,31619],{},[196,31603,31604],{},[464,31605,25450],{"href":8758},[196,31607,31608],{},[464,31609,10618],{"href":10098},[196,31611,31612],{},[464,31613,31614],{"href":30439},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[196,31616,31617],{},[464,31618,20812],{"href":15957},[196,31620,31621],{},[464,31622,579],{"href":578},[1276,31624,31625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":31627},[31628,31629,31631,31632,31634,31636,31637,31638,31640,31641,31653],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":29872,"depth":104,"text":31630},"What update() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":30232,"depth":104,"text":31633},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30443,"depth":104,"text":31635},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30684,"depth":104,"text":30685},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":31167,"depth":104,"text":31639},"When to use update()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":31642},[31643,31645,31647,31649,31651],{"id":31548,"depth":128,"text":31644},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31559,"depth":128,"text":31646},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31568,"depth":128,"text":31648},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31577,"depth":128,"text":31650},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31588,"depth":128,"text":31652},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29750,"description":31654},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31660,"title":31661,"body":31662,"description":33650,"extension":1312,"meta":33651,"navigation":383,"path":22248,"seo":33652,"stem":33653,"__hash__":33654},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31663,"toc":33613},[31664,31669,31676,31679,31681,31780,31782,31837,31842,31847,31861,31866,31868,31883,31885,31899,31912,31917,31923,31930,31932,32039,32041,32090,32096,32171,32173,32194,32196,32199,32304,32306,32361,32363,32391,32395,32400,32479,32481,32501,32503,32514,32524,32528,32533,32636,32638,32663,32666,32677,32682,32691,32694,32711,32713,32800,32802,32865,32867,32890,32892,32897,32903,32908,32910,32949,32955,32958,32977,32988,32994,32997,33070,33072,33091,33096,33099,33122,33128,33131,33195,33198,33275,33282,33285,33344,33350,33352,33371,33375,33378,33429,33432,33452,33454,33515,33517,33522,33527,33532,33537,33542,33547,33553,33556,33565,33573,33575,33610],[10,31665,10684,31667,18],{"id":31666},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31668,16430],{},[20,31670,31671,31672,31675],{},"The Python ",[15,31673,31674],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31677,31678],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[39,31680,42],{"id":41},[44,31682,31684],{"className":46,"code":31683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31685,31686,31738,31752,31756,31766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31687,31688,31690,31692,31694,31696,31698,31700,31702,31704,31706,31708,31710,31712,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724,31726,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31689,12227],{"class":59},[53,31691,64],{"class":63},[53,31693,68],{"class":67},[53,31695,72],{"class":71},[53,31697,7032],{"class":75},[53,31699,72],{"class":71},[53,31701,191],{"class":67},[53,31703,84],{"class":71},[53,31705,12244],{"class":75},[53,31707,72],{"class":71},[53,31709,81],{"class":67},[53,31711,84],{"class":71},[53,31713,8667],{"class":75},[53,31715,72],{"class":71},[53,31717,191],{"class":67},[53,31719,7155],{"class":273},[53,31721,81],{"class":67},[53,31723,84],{"class":71},[53,31725,9776],{"class":75},[53,31727,72],{"class":71},[53,31729,191],{"class":67},[53,31731,84],{"class":71},[53,31733,15391],{"class":75},[53,31735,72],{"class":71},[53,31737,101],{"class":67},[53,31739,31740,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31741,3183],{"class":59},[53,31743,64],{"class":63},[53,31745,12270],{"class":59},[53,31747,37],{"class":67},[53,31749,4718],{"class":112},[53,31751,8011],{"class":67},[53,31753,31754],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,31755,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,31757,31758,31760,31762,31764],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,31759,132],{"class":131},[53,31761,116],{"class":67},[53,31763,4718],{"class":112},[53,31765,125],{"class":67},[53,31767,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,31769,132],{"class":131},[53,31771,116],{"class":67},[53,31773,7460],{"class":550},[53,31775,116],{"class":67},[53,31777,4718],{"class":112},[53,31779,1377],{"class":67},[20,31781,772],{},[44,31783,31785],{"className":46,"code":31784,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,31786,31787,31813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31788,31789,31791,31793,31795,31797,31799,31801,31803,31805,31807,31809,31811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31790,16396],{"class":112},[53,31792,2341],{"class":67},[53,31794,156],{"class":71},[53,31796,12244],{"class":75},[53,31798,156],{"class":71},[53,31800,81],{"class":67},[53,31802,7155],{"class":273},[53,31804,81],{"class":67},[53,31806,165],{"class":71},[53,31808,15391],{"class":75},[53,31810,156],{"class":71},[53,31812,3248],{"class":67},[53,31814,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825,31827,31829,31831,31833,31835],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31816,3260],{"class":67},[53,31818,156],{"class":71},[53,31820,12244],{"class":75},[53,31822,156],{"class":71},[53,31824,81],{"class":67},[53,31826,7155],{"class":273},[53,31828,81],{"class":67},[53,31830,165],{"class":71},[53,31832,15391],{"class":75},[53,31834,156],{"class":71},[53,31836,2995],{"class":67},[20,31838,31839,31841],{},[15,31840,16430],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[39,31843,183,31845,186],{"id":31844},"what-values-does",[15,31846,16430],{},[193,31848,31849,31852,31855,31858],{},[196,31850,31851],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[196,31853,31854],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[196,31856,31857],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[196,31859,31860],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,31862,31863,31864,37],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[464,31865,8759],{"href":8758},[39,31867,217],{"id":216},[44,31869,31871],{"className":46,"code":31870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,31872,31873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31874,31875,31877,31879,31881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31876,10815],{"class":59},[53,31878,37],{"class":67},[53,31880,4718],{"class":112},[53,31882,8011],{"class":67},[20,31884,12416],{},[193,31886,31887,31891,31894],{},[196,31888,31889,10831],{},[15,31890,16430],{},[196,31892,31893],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[196,31895,31896,31897],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,31898,16430],{},[20,31900,31901,31902,594,31907,37],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[464,31903,31904,31906],{"href":16421},[15,31905,16424],{}," for dictionary keys",[464,31908,31909,31911],{"href":16434},[15,31910,16437],{}," for key-value pairs",[39,31913,183,31915,11070],{"id":31914},"what-values-returns",[15,31916,16430],{},[20,31918,31919,21330,31921,24118],{},[15,31920,16430],{},[15,31922,16396],{},[20,31924,31925,31926,31929],{},"This object is a ",[30,31927,31928],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,31931,1559],{},[44,31933,31935],{"className":46,"code":31934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,31936,31937,31973,31977,31992,32003,32007,32029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,31938,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,31940,12563],{"class":59},[53,31942,64],{"class":63},[53,31944,68],{"class":67},[53,31946,72],{"class":71},[53,31948,7032],{"class":75},[53,31950,72],{"class":71},[53,31952,191],{"class":67},[53,31954,84],{"class":71},[53,31956,7287],{"class":75},[53,31958,72],{"class":71},[53,31960,81],{"class":67},[53,31962,84],{"class":71},[53,31964,8667],{"class":75},[53,31966,72],{"class":71},[53,31968,191],{"class":67},[53,31970,8674],{"class":273},[53,31972,101],{"class":67},[53,31974,31975],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,31976,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,31978,31979,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,31980,31981],{"class":59},"values_view ",[53,31983,64],{"class":63},[53,31985,12606],{"class":59},[53,31987,37],{"class":67},[53,31989,4718],{"class":112},[53,31991,8011],{"class":67},[53,31993,31994,31996,31998,32001],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,31995,132],{"class":131},[53,31997,116],{"class":67},[53,31999,32000],{"class":112},"values_view",[53,32002,125],{"class":67},[53,32004,32005],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,32006,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32008,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023,32025,32027],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,32010,16666],{"class":59},[53,32012,3260],{"class":67},[53,32014,72],{"class":71},[53,32016,9776],{"class":75},[53,32018,72],{"class":71},[53,32020,12632],{"class":67},[53,32022,12635],{"class":63},[53,32024,84],{"class":71},[53,32026,29996],{"class":75},[53,32028,2715],{"class":71},[53,32030,32031,32033,32035,32037],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,32032,132],{"class":131},[53,32034,116],{"class":67},[53,32036,32000],{"class":112},[53,32038,125],{"class":67},[20,32040,772],{},[44,32042,32044],{"className":46,"code":32043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32045,32046,32064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32047,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056,32058,32060,32062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32049,16396],{"class":112},[53,32051,2341],{"class":67},[53,32053,156],{"class":71},[53,32055,7287],{"class":75},[53,32057,156],{"class":71},[53,32059,81],{"class":67},[53,32061,8674],{"class":273},[53,32063,3248],{"class":67},[53,32065,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32067,16396],{"class":112},[53,32069,2341],{"class":67},[53,32071,156],{"class":71},[53,32073,7287],{"class":75},[53,32075,156],{"class":71},[53,32077,81],{"class":67},[53,32079,8674],{"class":273},[53,32081,81],{"class":67},[53,32083,165],{"class":71},[53,32085,29996],{"class":75},[53,32087,156],{"class":71},[53,32089,3248],{"class":67},[20,32091,32092,32093,37],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32094,32095],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[44,32097,32099],{"className":46,"code":32098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32100,32101,32137,32156,32160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32102,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32104,12563],{"class":59},[53,32106,64],{"class":63},[53,32108,68],{"class":67},[53,32110,72],{"class":71},[53,32112,7032],{"class":75},[53,32114,72],{"class":71},[53,32116,191],{"class":67},[53,32118,84],{"class":71},[53,32120,7287],{"class":75},[53,32122,72],{"class":71},[53,32124,81],{"class":67},[53,32126,84],{"class":71},[53,32128,8667],{"class":75},[53,32130,72],{"class":71},[53,32132,191],{"class":67},[53,32134,8674],{"class":273},[53,32136,101],{"class":67},[53,32138,32139,32142,32144,32146,32148,32150,32152,32154],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32140,32141],{"class":59},"values_list ",[53,32143,64],{"class":63},[53,32145,21913],{"class":550},[53,32147,116],{"class":67},[53,32149,16666],{"class":112},[53,32151,37],{"class":67},[53,32153,4718],{"class":112},[53,32155,6557],{"class":67},[53,32157,32158],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32159,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32161,32162,32164,32166,32169],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,32163,132],{"class":131},[53,32165,116],{"class":67},[53,32167,32168],{"class":112},"values_list",[53,32170,125],{"class":67},[20,32172,772],{},[44,32174,32176],{"className":46,"code":32175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32177,32178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32179,32180,32182,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32181,3260],{"class":67},[53,32183,156],{"class":71},[53,32185,7287],{"class":75},[53,32187,156],{"class":71},[53,32189,81],{"class":67},[53,32191,8674],{"class":273},[53,32193,2995],{"class":67},[39,32195,337],{"id":336},[20,32197,32198],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[44,32200,32202],{"className":46,"code":32201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32203,32204,32258,32262,32276,32280,32290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32205,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220,32222,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32239,32241,32243,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32207,24150],{"class":59},[53,32209,64],{"class":63},[53,32211,68],{"class":67},[53,32213,72],{"class":71},[53,32215,24159],{"class":75},[53,32217,72],{"class":71},[53,32219,191],{"class":67},[53,32221,84],{"class":71},[53,32223,24168],{"class":75},[53,32225,72],{"class":71},[53,32227,81],{"class":67},[53,32229,84],{"class":71},[53,32231,24177],{"class":75},[53,32233,72],{"class":71},[53,32235,191],{"class":67},[53,32237,32238],{"class":273}," 2022",[53,32240,81],{"class":67},[53,32242,84],{"class":71},[53,32244,32245],{"class":75},"color",[53,32247,72],{"class":71},[53,32249,191],{"class":67},[53,32251,84],{"class":71},[53,32253,87],{"class":75},[53,32255,72],{"class":71},[53,32257,101],{"class":67},[53,32259,32260],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32261,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32263,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272,32274],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32265,1582],{"class":59},[53,32267,64],{"class":63},[53,32269,24199],{"class":59},[53,32271,37],{"class":67},[53,32273,4718],{"class":112},[53,32275,8011],{"class":67},[53,32277,32278],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,32279,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32281,32282,32284,32286,32288],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,32283,132],{"class":131},[53,32285,116],{"class":67},[53,32287,1617],{"class":112},[53,32289,125],{"class":67},[53,32291,32292,32294,32296,32298,32300,32302],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,32293,132],{"class":131},[53,32295,116],{"class":67},[53,32297,7460],{"class":550},[53,32299,116],{"class":67},[53,32301,1617],{"class":112},[53,32303,1377],{"class":67},[20,32305,772],{},[44,32307,32309],{"className":46,"code":32308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32310,32311,32337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32312,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333,32335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32314,16396],{"class":112},[53,32316,2341],{"class":67},[53,32318,156],{"class":71},[53,32320,24168],{"class":75},[53,32322,156],{"class":71},[53,32324,81],{"class":67},[53,32326,32238],{"class":273},[53,32328,81],{"class":67},[53,32330,165],{"class":71},[53,32332,87],{"class":75},[53,32334,156],{"class":71},[53,32336,3248],{"class":67},[53,32338,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349,32351,32353,32355,32357,32359],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32340,3260],{"class":67},[53,32342,156],{"class":71},[53,32344,24168],{"class":75},[53,32346,156],{"class":71},[53,32348,81],{"class":67},[53,32350,32238],{"class":273},[53,32352,81],{"class":67},[53,32354,165],{"class":71},[53,32356,87],{"class":75},[53,32358,156],{"class":71},[53,32360,2995],{"class":67},[20,32362,11048],{},[193,32364,32365,32371,32377,32385],{},[196,32366,32367,32370],{},[15,32368,32369],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[196,32372,32373,32376],{},[15,32374,32375],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[196,32378,32379,32382,32383,23971],{},[15,32380,32381],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32384,16396],{},[196,32386,32387,32390],{},[15,32388,32389],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[39,32392,32394],{"id":32393},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32396,32397,32398,25419],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32399,5319],{},[44,32401,32403],{"className":46,"code":32402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32404,32405,32449,32453,32469],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32406,32407,32409,32411,32413,32415,32417,32419,32421,32423,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441,32443,32445,32447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32408,4422],{"class":59},[53,32410,64],{"class":63},[53,32412,68],{"class":67},[53,32414,72],{"class":71},[53,32416,17775],{"class":75},[53,32418,72],{"class":71},[53,32420,191],{"class":67},[53,32422,19254],{"class":273},[53,32424,81],{"class":67},[53,32426,84],{"class":71},[53,32428,30506],{"class":75},[53,32430,72],{"class":71},[53,32432,191],{"class":67},[53,32434,12866],{"class":273},[53,32436,81],{"class":67},[53,32438,84],{"class":71},[53,32440,17784],{"class":75},[53,32442,72],{"class":71},[53,32444,191],{"class":67},[53,32446,28276],{"class":273},[53,32448,101],{"class":67},[53,32450,32451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32452,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32454,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32456,5319],{"class":1105},[53,32458,20939],{"class":59},[53,32460,1067],{"class":1105},[53,32462,4469],{"class":59},[53,32464,37],{"class":67},[53,32466,4718],{"class":112},[53,32468,20950],{"class":67},[53,32470,32471,32473,32475,32477],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,32472,7435],{"class":131},[53,32474,116],{"class":67},[53,32476,236],{"class":112},[53,32478,125],{"class":67},[20,32480,772],{},[44,32482,32484],{"className":46,"code":32483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32485,32486,32491,32496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32487,32488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32489,32490],{"class":273},"90\n",[53,32492,32493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32494,32495],{"class":273},"85\n",[53,32497,32498],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32499,32500],{"class":273},"88\n",[20,32502,17068],{},[193,32504,32505,32508,32511],{},[196,32506,32507],{},"You only need the values",[196,32509,32510],{},"You do not care about the keys",[196,32512,32513],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32515,32516,32517,1219,32521,37],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[464,32518,10104,32519,830],{"href":16434},[15,32520,16437],{},[464,32522,21829],{"href":32523},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[39,32525,32527],{"id":32526},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32529,174,32530,32532],{},[15,32531,32095],{}," when you need a list.",[44,32534,32536],{"className":46,"code":32535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32537,32538,32583,32587,32607,32611,32622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32539,32540,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32541,32542],{"class":59},"fruit_prices ",[53,32544,64],{"class":63},[53,32546,68],{"class":67},[53,32548,72],{"class":71},[53,32550,356],{"class":75},[53,32552,72],{"class":71},[53,32554,191],{"class":67},[53,32556,279],{"class":273},[53,32558,81],{"class":67},[53,32560,84],{"class":71},[53,32562,365],{"class":75},[53,32564,72],{"class":71},[53,32566,191],{"class":67},[53,32568,4858],{"class":273},[53,32570,81],{"class":67},[53,32572,84],{"class":71},[53,32574,374],{"class":75},[53,32576,72],{"class":71},[53,32578,191],{"class":67},[53,32580,284],{"class":273},[53,32582,101],{"class":67},[53,32584,32585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32586,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32588,32589,32592,32594,32596,32598,32601,32603,32605],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32590,32591],{"class":59},"price_list ",[53,32593,64],{"class":63},[53,32595,21913],{"class":550},[53,32597,116],{"class":67},[53,32599,32600],{"class":112},"fruit_prices",[53,32602,37],{"class":67},[53,32604,4718],{"class":112},[53,32606,6557],{"class":67},[53,32608,32609],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,32610,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32612,32613,32615,32617,32620],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,32614,132],{"class":131},[53,32616,116],{"class":67},[53,32618,32619],{"class":112},"price_list",[53,32621,125],{"class":67},[53,32623,32624,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,32625,132],{"class":131},[53,32627,116],{"class":67},[53,32629,32619],{"class":112},[53,32631,3260],{"class":67},[53,32633,1470],{"class":273},[53,32635,3248],{"class":67},[20,32637,772],{},[44,32639,32641],{"className":46,"code":32640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32642,32643,32659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32644,32645,32647,32649,32651,32653,32655,32657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32646,3260],{"class":67},[53,32648,300],{"class":273},[53,32650,81],{"class":67},[53,32652,4858],{"class":273},[53,32654,81],{"class":67},[53,32656,284],{"class":273},[53,32658,2995],{"class":67},[53,32660,32661],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32662,16415],{"class":273},[20,32664,32665],{},"This is helpful for:",[193,32667,32668,32671,32674],{},[196,32669,32670],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[196,32672,32673],{},"Accessing values by index",[196,32675,32676],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32678,3285,32679,32681],{},[15,32680,16396],{}," is not the same as a list.",[39,32683,32685,9952,32687,9952,32689],{"id":32684},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32686,16430],{},[15,32688,16424],{},[15,32690,16437],{},[20,32692,32693],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[193,32695,32696,32701,32706],{},[196,32697,32698,32700],{},[15,32699,16430],{}," returns only the values",[196,32702,32703,32705],{},[15,32704,16424],{}," returns only the keys",[196,32707,32708,32710],{},[15,32709,16437],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32712,1476],{},[44,32714,32716],{"className":46,"code":32715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32717,32718,32754,32758,32772,32786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32719,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734,32736,32738,32740,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32721,12227],{"class":59},[53,32723,64],{"class":63},[53,32725,68],{"class":67},[53,32727,72],{"class":71},[53,32729,7032],{"class":75},[53,32731,72],{"class":71},[53,32733,191],{"class":67},[53,32735,84],{"class":71},[53,32737,12244],{"class":75},[53,32739,72],{"class":71},[53,32741,81],{"class":67},[53,32743,84],{"class":71},[53,32745,8667],{"class":75},[53,32747,72],{"class":71},[53,32749,191],{"class":67},[53,32751,7155],{"class":273},[53,32753,101],{"class":67},[53,32755,32756],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32757,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,32759,32760,32762,32764,32766,32768,32770],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32761,132],{"class":131},[53,32763,116],{"class":67},[53,32765,12985],{"class":112},[53,32767,37],{"class":67},[53,32769,16282],{"class":112},[53,32771,6557],{"class":67},[53,32773,32774,32776,32778,32780,32782,32784],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,32775,132],{"class":131},[53,32777,116],{"class":67},[53,32779,12985],{"class":112},[53,32781,37],{"class":67},[53,32783,4718],{"class":112},[53,32785,6557],{"class":67},[53,32787,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,32789,132],{"class":131},[53,32791,116],{"class":67},[53,32793,12985],{"class":112},[53,32795,37],{"class":67},[53,32797,7175],{"class":112},[53,32799,6557],{"class":67},[20,32801,772],{},[44,32803,32805],{"className":46,"code":32804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,32806,32807,32829,32847],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32808,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32810,16373],{"class":112},[53,32812,2341],{"class":67},[53,32814,156],{"class":71},[53,32816,7032],{"class":75},[53,32818,156],{"class":71},[53,32820,81],{"class":67},[53,32822,165],{"class":71},[53,32824,8667],{"class":75},[53,32826,156],{"class":71},[53,32828,3248],{"class":67},[53,32830,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841,32843,32845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32832,16396],{"class":112},[53,32834,2341],{"class":67},[53,32836,156],{"class":71},[53,32838,12244],{"class":75},[53,32840,156],{"class":71},[53,32842,81],{"class":67},[53,32844,7155],{"class":273},[53,32846,3248],{"class":67},[53,32848,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,32850,21263],{"class":112},[53,32852,9025],{"class":67},[53,32854,156],{"class":71},[53,32856,7032],{"class":75},[53,32858,156],{"class":71},[53,32860,81],{"class":67},[53,32862,7155],{"class":273},[53,32864,10046],{"class":67},[20,32866,808],{},[193,32868,32869,32876,32883],{},[196,32870,32871,32875],{},[464,32872,32873],{"href":16421},[15,32874,16424],{}," when you need just the keys",[196,32877,32878,32882],{},[464,32879,32880],{"href":16427},[15,32881,16430],{}," when you need just the values",[196,32884,32885,32889],{},[464,32886,32887],{"href":16434},[15,32888,16437],{}," when you need both",[39,32891,834],{"id":833},[20,32893,32894,32895,37],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,32896,16430],{},[599,32898,29006,32900,32902],{"id":32899},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,32901,16430],{}," on the wrong type",[20,32904,32905,32907],{},[15,32906,16430],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,32909,852],{},[44,32911,32913],{"className":46,"code":32912,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,32914,32915,32935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32916,32917,32919,32921,32923,32925,32927,32929,32931,32933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32918,7675],{"class":59},[53,32920,64],{"class":63},[53,32922,2982],{"class":67},[53,32924,274],{"class":273},[53,32926,81],{"class":67},[53,32928,279],{"class":273},[53,32930,81],{"class":67},[53,32932,284],{"class":273},[53,32934,2995],{"class":67},[53,32936,32937,32939,32941,32943,32945,32947],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,32938,132],{"class":131},[53,32940,116],{"class":67},[53,32942,7706],{"class":112},[53,32944,37],{"class":67},[53,32946,4718],{"class":112},[53,32948,6557],{"class":67},[20,32950,32951,32952,32954],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,32953,16430],{}," method.",[20,32956,32957],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[44,32959,32961],{"className":46,"code":32960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,32962,32963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,32964,32965,32967,32969,32971,32973,32975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,32966,132],{"class":131},[53,32968,116],{"class":67},[53,32970,2578],{"class":550},[53,32972,116],{"class":67},[53,32974,7706],{"class":112},[53,32976,1377],{"class":67},[20,32978,32979,32980,32982,32983,37],{},"If you get an ",[15,32981,25026],{},", see ",[464,32984,25034,32985,32987],{"href":25033},[15,32986,25037],{}," errors",[599,32989,3937,32991,32993],{"id":32990},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,32992,16430],{}," returns a list",[20,32995,32996],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[44,32998,33000],{"className":46,"code":32999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33001,33002,33038,33052,33056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33003,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016,33018,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030,33032,33034,33036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33005,12227],{"class":59},[53,33007,64],{"class":63},[53,33009,68],{"class":67},[53,33011,72],{"class":71},[53,33013,7032],{"class":75},[53,33015,72],{"class":71},[53,33017,191],{"class":67},[53,33019,84],{"class":71},[53,33021,12244],{"class":75},[53,33023,72],{"class":71},[53,33025,81],{"class":67},[53,33027,84],{"class":71},[53,33029,8667],{"class":75},[53,33031,72],{"class":71},[53,33033,191],{"class":67},[53,33035,7155],{"class":273},[53,33037,101],{"class":67},[53,33039,33040,33042,33044,33046,33048,33050],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33041,3183],{"class":59},[53,33043,64],{"class":63},[53,33045,12270],{"class":59},[53,33047,37],{"class":67},[53,33049,4718],{"class":112},[53,33051,8011],{"class":67},[53,33053,33054],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33055,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,33057,33058,33060,33062,33064,33066,33068],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,33059,132],{"class":131},[53,33061,116],{"class":67},[53,33063,2578],{"class":550},[53,33065,116],{"class":67},[53,33067,4718],{"class":112},[53,33069,1377],{"class":67},[20,33071,772],{},[44,33073,33075],{"className":46,"code":33074,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33076,33077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33078,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33080,2647],{"class":63},[53,33082,2650],{"class":1415},[53,33084,165],{"class":71},[53,33086,16396],{"class":75},[53,33088,156],{"class":71},[53,33090,2659],{"class":63},[20,33092,4507,33093,33095],{},[15,33094,16396],{},", not a list.",[20,33097,33098],{},"If you need a list:",[44,33100,33102],{"className":46,"code":33101,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33103,33104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33105,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114,33116,33118,33120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33107,3183],{"class":59},[53,33109,64],{"class":63},[53,33111,21913],{"class":550},[53,33113,116],{"class":67},[53,33115,12985],{"class":112},[53,33117,37],{"class":67},[53,33119,4718],{"class":112},[53,33121,6557],{"class":67},[599,33123,33125,33126],{"id":33124},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33127,16396],{},[20,33129,33130],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[44,33132,33134],{"className":46,"code":33133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33135,33136,33172,33186,33190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33137,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150,33152,33154,33156,33158,33160,33162,33164,33166,33168,33170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33139,12227],{"class":59},[53,33141,64],{"class":63},[53,33143,68],{"class":67},[53,33145,72],{"class":71},[53,33147,7032],{"class":75},[53,33149,72],{"class":71},[53,33151,191],{"class":67},[53,33153,84],{"class":71},[53,33155,12244],{"class":75},[53,33157,72],{"class":71},[53,33159,81],{"class":67},[53,33161,84],{"class":71},[53,33163,8667],{"class":75},[53,33165,72],{"class":71},[53,33167,191],{"class":67},[53,33169,7155],{"class":273},[53,33171,101],{"class":67},[53,33173,33174,33176,33178,33180,33182,33184],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33175,3183],{"class":59},[53,33177,64],{"class":63},[53,33179,12270],{"class":59},[53,33181,37],{"class":67},[53,33183,4718],{"class":112},[53,33185,8011],{"class":67},[53,33187,33188],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33189,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,33191,33192],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,33193,33194],{"class":3024},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33196,33197],{},"Convert to a list first:",[44,33199,33201],{"className":46,"code":33200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33202,33203,33239,33257,33261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33204,33205,33207,33209,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221,33223,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235,33237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33206,12227],{"class":59},[53,33208,64],{"class":63},[53,33210,68],{"class":67},[53,33212,72],{"class":71},[53,33214,7032],{"class":75},[53,33216,72],{"class":71},[53,33218,191],{"class":67},[53,33220,84],{"class":71},[53,33222,12244],{"class":75},[53,33224,72],{"class":71},[53,33226,81],{"class":67},[53,33228,84],{"class":71},[53,33230,8667],{"class":75},[53,33232,72],{"class":71},[53,33234,191],{"class":67},[53,33236,7155],{"class":273},[53,33238,101],{"class":67},[53,33240,33241,33243,33245,33247,33249,33251,33253,33255],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33242,3183],{"class":59},[53,33244,64],{"class":63},[53,33246,21913],{"class":550},[53,33248,116],{"class":67},[53,33250,12985],{"class":112},[53,33252,37],{"class":67},[53,33254,4718],{"class":112},[53,33256,6557],{"class":67},[53,33258,33259],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33260,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,33262,33263,33265,33267,33269,33271,33273],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,33264,132],{"class":131},[53,33266,116],{"class":67},[53,33268,4718],{"class":112},[53,33270,3260],{"class":67},[53,33272,1470],{"class":273},[53,33274,3248],{"class":67},[599,33276,7785,33278,10458,33280],{"id":33277},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33279,4718],{},[15,33281,16430],{},[20,33283,33284],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[44,33286,33288],{"className":46,"code":33287,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33289,33290,33326,33330],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33291,33292,33294,33296,33298,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314,33316,33318,33320,33322,33324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33293,12227],{"class":59},[53,33295,64],{"class":63},[53,33297,68],{"class":67},[53,33299,72],{"class":71},[53,33301,7032],{"class":75},[53,33303,72],{"class":71},[53,33305,191],{"class":67},[53,33307,84],{"class":71},[53,33309,12244],{"class":75},[53,33311,72],{"class":71},[53,33313,81],{"class":67},[53,33315,84],{"class":71},[53,33317,8667],{"class":75},[53,33319,72],{"class":71},[53,33321,191],{"class":67},[53,33323,7155],{"class":273},[53,33325,101],{"class":67},[53,33327,33328],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33329,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,33331,33332,33334,33336,33338,33340,33342],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33333,132],{"class":131},[53,33335,116],{"class":67},[53,33337,12985],{"class":112},[53,33339,37],{"class":67},[53,33341,4718],{"class":24104},[53,33343,125],{"class":67},[20,33345,33346,33349],{},[15,33347,33348],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33351,808],{},[44,33353,33355],{"className":46,"code":33354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33356,33357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33358,33359,33361,33363,33365,33367,33369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33360,132],{"class":131},[53,33362,116],{"class":67},[53,33364,12985],{"class":112},[53,33366,37],{"class":67},[53,33368,4718],{"class":112},[53,33370,6557],{"class":67},[599,33372,33374],{"id":33373},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33376,33377],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[44,33379,33381],{"className":46,"code":33380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33382,33383,33415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33384,33385,33387,33389,33391,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407,33409,33411,33413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33386,8534],{"class":59},[53,33388,64],{"class":63},[53,33390,68],{"class":67},[53,33392,72],{"class":71},[53,33394,464],{"class":75},[53,33396,72],{"class":71},[53,33398,191],{"class":67},[53,33400,4858],{"class":273},[53,33402,81],{"class":67},[53,33404,84],{"class":71},[53,33406,637],{"class":75},[53,33408,72],{"class":71},[53,33410,191],{"class":67},[53,33412,279],{"class":273},[53,33414,101],{"class":67},[53,33416,33417,33419,33421,33423,33425,33427],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33418,132],{"class":131},[53,33420,116],{"class":67},[53,33422,8573],{"class":112},[53,33424,37],{"class":67},[53,33426,4718],{"class":112},[53,33428,6557],{"class":67},[20,33430,33431],{},"Not like this:",[44,33433,33435],{"className":46,"code":33434,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33436,33437,33442,33447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33438,33439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33440,33441],{"class":3024},"# Wrong examples:\n",[53,33443,33444],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33445,33446],{"class":3024},"# data().values()\n",[53,33448,33449],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33450,33451],{"class":3024},"# values(data)\n",[20,33453,2696],{},[44,33455,33457],{"className":46,"code":33456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33458,33459,33473,33483,33497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33460,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33462,132],{"class":131},[53,33464,116],{"class":67},[53,33466,2578],{"class":550},[53,33468,116],{"class":67},[53,33470,10815],{"class":112},[53,33472,1377],{"class":67},[53,33474,33475,33477,33479,33481],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33476,132],{"class":131},[53,33478,116],{"class":67},[53,33480,10815],{"class":112},[53,33482,125],{"class":67},[53,33484,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33486,132],{"class":131},[53,33488,116],{"class":67},[53,33490,10815],{"class":112},[53,33492,37],{"class":67},[53,33494,4718],{"class":112},[53,33496,6557],{"class":67},[53,33498,33499,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,33500,132],{"class":131},[53,33502,116],{"class":67},[53,33504,7460],{"class":550},[53,33506,116],{"class":67},[53,33508,10815],{"class":112},[53,33510,37],{"class":67},[53,33512,4718],{"class":112},[53,33514,5652],{"class":67},[39,33516,1187],{"id":1186},[599,33518,4501,33520,4504],{"id":33519},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33521,31674],{},[20,33523,16781,33524,33526],{},[15,33525,16396],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[599,33528,1191,33530,23285],{"id":33529},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33531,16430],{},[20,33533,23288,33534,23292],{},[15,33535,33536],{},"list(...)",[599,33538,25411,33540,1222],{"id":33539},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33541,31674],{},[20,33543,33544,33545,25419],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33546,5319],{},[599,33548,1191,33550,33552],{"id":33549},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33551,31674],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33554,33555],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[599,33557,33559,33560,33562,33563,1222],{"id":33558},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33561,16430],{}," different from ",[15,33564,16437],{},[20,33566,33567,33569,33570,33572],{},[15,33568,16430],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33571,16437],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[39,33574,1244],{"id":1243},[193,33576,33577,33583,33589,33593,33599,33603],{},[196,33578,33579],{},[464,33580,10104,33581,830],{"href":16421},[15,33582,16424],{},[196,33584,33585],{},[464,33586,10104,33587,830],{"href":16434},[15,33588,16437],{},[196,33590,33591],{},[464,33592,10609],{"href":8758},[196,33594,33595],{},[464,33596,33598],{"href":33597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[196,33600,33601],{},[464,33602,23370],{"href":32523},[196,33604,33605],{},[464,33606,29700,33607],{"href":25033},[15,33608,33609],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1276,33611,33612],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":33614},[33615,33616,33618,33619,33621,33622,33623,33624,33626,33637,33649],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":31844,"depth":104,"text":33617},"What values() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":31914,"depth":104,"text":33620},"What values() returns",{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":32393,"depth":104,"text":32394},{"id":32526,"depth":104,"text":32527},{"id":32684,"depth":104,"text":33625},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":33627},[33628,33630,33632,33634,33636],{"id":32899,"depth":128,"text":33629},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":32990,"depth":128,"text":33631},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33124,"depth":128,"text":33633},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33277,"depth":128,"text":33635},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33373,"depth":128,"text":33374},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":33638},[33639,33641,33643,33645,33647],{"id":33519,"depth":128,"text":33640},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33529,"depth":128,"text":33642},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33539,"depth":128,"text":33644},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33549,"depth":128,"text":33646},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33558,"depth":128,"text":33648},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31661,"description":33650},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33656,"title":33657,"body":33658,"description":35088,"extension":1312,"meta":35089,"navigation":383,"path":35090,"seo":35091,"stem":35092,"__hash__":35093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33659,"toc":35040},[33660,33666,33671,33674,33690,33699,33701,33733,33739,33742,33837,33840,33845,33850,33853,33864,33866,33880,33886,33888,33893,33899,33902,33941,33949,33954,33957,34002,34005,34017,34023,34029,34033,34066,34069,34087,34090,34094,34133,34135,34154,34157,34169,34174,34180,34183,34238,34241,34252,34255,34266,34269,34273,34279,34281,34311,34314,34329,34332,34335,34354,34357,34373,34382,34384,34415,34421,34426,34429,34436,34467,34470,34492,34495,34498,34512,34516,34547,34562,34569,34576,34580,34588,34592,34600,34603,34652,34663,34665,34668,34674,34679,34689,34693,34696,34699,34703,34706,34708,34729,34733,34739,34750,34756,34758,34764,34788,34791,34854,34857,34885,34888,34950,34952,34957,34960,34967,34975,34982,34985,34993,34999,35001,35028,35037],[10,33661,2934,33663,2938],{"id":33662},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33664,33665],{},"dir()",[20,33667,31671,33668,33670],{},[15,33669,33665],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33672,33673],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[193,33675,33676,33679,33682,33687],{},[196,33677,33678],{},"learning Python",[196,33680,33681],{},"exploring a new object",[196,33683,33684,33685],{},"debugging an ",[15,33686,25026],{},[196,33688,33689],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33691,33692,33693,33695,33696],{},"In short, ",[15,33694,33665],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[30,33697,33698],{},"“What can I use here?”",[39,33700,42],{"id":41},[44,33702,33704],{"className":46,"code":33703,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33705,33706,33718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33707,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33709,7242],{"class":59},[53,33711,64],{"class":63},[53,33713,84],{"class":71},[53,33715,3206],{"class":75},[53,33717,2715],{"class":71},[53,33719,33720,33722,33724,33727,33729,33731],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33721,132],{"class":131},[53,33723,116],{"class":67},[53,33725,33726],{"class":131},"dir",[53,33728,116],{"class":67},[53,33730,7032],{"class":112},[53,33732,1377],{"class":67},[20,33734,174,33735,33738],{},[15,33736,33737],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,33740,33741],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[44,33743,33745],{"className":46,"code":33744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,33746,33747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33748,33749,33751,33753,33756,33758,33760,33762,33765,33767,33769,33771,33774,33776,33778,33780,33783,33785,33787,33789,33792,33794,33796,33798,33801,33803,33805,33809,33811,33813,33815,33817,33819,33821,33824,33826,33828,33830,33833,33835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33750,3260],{"class":67},[53,33752,156],{"class":71},[53,33754,33755],{"class":75},"__add__",[53,33757,156],{"class":71},[53,33759,81],{"class":67},[53,33761,165],{"class":71},[53,33763,33764],{"class":75},"__class__",[53,33766,156],{"class":71},[53,33768,81],{"class":67},[53,33770,165],{"class":71},[53,33772,33773],{"class":75},"__contains__",[53,33775,156],{"class":71},[53,33777,81],{"class":67},[53,33779,165],{"class":71},[53,33781,33782],{"class":75},"__delattr__",[53,33784,156],{"class":71},[53,33786,81],{"class":67},[53,33788,165],{"class":71},[53,33790,33791],{"class":75},"__dir__",[53,33793,156],{"class":71},[53,33795,81],{"class":67},[53,33797,165],{"class":71},[53,33799,33800],{"class":75},"__doc__",[53,33802,156],{"class":71},[53,33804,81],{"class":67},[53,33806,33808],{"class":33807},"s_hVV"," ...",[53,33810,81],{"class":67},[53,33812,165],{"class":71},[53,33814,8008],{"class":75},[53,33816,156],{"class":71},[53,33818,81],{"class":67},[53,33820,165],{"class":71},[53,33822,33823],{"class":75},"split",[53,33825,156],{"class":71},[53,33827,81],{"class":67},[53,33829,165],{"class":71},[53,33831,33832],{"class":75},"upper",[53,33834,156],{"class":71},[53,33836,2995],{"class":67},[20,33838,33839],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[39,33841,183,33843,186],{"id":33842},"what-dir-does",[15,33844,33665],{},[20,33846,33847,33849],{},[15,33848,33665],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,33851,33852],{},"It usually includes:",[193,33854,33855,33858,33861],{},[196,33856,33857],{},"attributes",[196,33859,33860],{},"methods",[196,33862,33863],{},"special Python names",[20,33865,10824],{},[193,33867,33868,33874,33877],{},[196,33869,33870,33871],{},"The result is a ",[30,33872,33873],{},"list of strings",[196,33875,33876],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[196,33878,33879],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,33881,33882,33883,33885],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,33884,33665],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[39,33887,217],{"id":216},[20,33889,33890,33892],{},[15,33891,33665],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[599,33894,33896,33898],{"id":33895},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,33897,33665],{}," with no argument",[20,33900,33901],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[44,33903,33905],{"className":46,"code":33904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,33906,33907,33915,33927,33931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33908,33909,33911,33913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33910,2380],{"class":59},[53,33912,64],{"class":63},[53,33914,1941],{"class":273},[53,33916,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33918,7242],{"class":59},[53,33920,64],{"class":63},[53,33922,84],{"class":71},[53,33924,7041],{"class":75},[53,33926,2715],{"class":71},[53,33928,33929],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,33930,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,33932,33933,33935,33937,33939],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,33934,132],{"class":131},[53,33936,116],{"class":67},[53,33938,33726],{"class":131},[53,33940,6557],{"class":67},[20,33942,33943,33944,594,33946,33948],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,33945,1524],{},[15,33947,7032],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[599,33950,33952],{"id":33951},"dirobject",[15,33953,33737],{},[20,33955,33956],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[44,33958,33960],{"className":46,"code":33959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,33961,33962,33980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,33963,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,33965,132],{"class":131},[53,33967,116],{"class":67},[53,33969,33726],{"class":131},[53,33971,116],{"class":67},[53,33973,72],{"class":71},[53,33975,3206],{"class":75},[53,33977,72],{"class":71},[53,33979,1377],{"class":67},[53,33981,33982,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998,34000],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,33983,132],{"class":131},[53,33985,116],{"class":67},[53,33987,33726],{"class":131},[53,33989,2341],{"class":67},[53,33991,274],{"class":273},[53,33993,81],{"class":67},[53,33995,279],{"class":273},[53,33997,81],{"class":67},[53,33999,284],{"class":273},[53,34001,2354],{"class":67},[20,34003,34004],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[193,34006,34007,34009,34011,34014],{},[196,34008,4668],{},[196,34010,4659],{},[196,34012,34013],{},"modules",[196,34015,34016],{},"custom objects",[39,34018,7785,34020,34022],{"id":34019},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34021,33665],{}," with a value",[20,34024,34025,34026,34028],{},"A common use of ",[15,34027,33665],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[599,34030,34032],{"id":34031},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[44,34034,34036],{"className":46,"code":34035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34037,34038,34051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34039,34040,34043,34045,34047,34049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34041,34042],{"class":59},"text ",[53,34044,64],{"class":63},[53,34046,84],{"class":71},[53,34048,3206],{"class":75},[53,34050,2715],{"class":71},[53,34052,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34064],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34054,132],{"class":131},[53,34056,116],{"class":67},[53,34058,33726],{"class":131},[53,34060,116],{"class":67},[53,34062,34063],{"class":112},"text",[53,34065,1377],{"class":67},[20,34067,34068],{},"You will see method names like:",[193,34070,34071,34075,34079,34083],{},[196,34072,34073],{},[15,34074,8008],{},[196,34076,34077],{},[15,34078,33832],{},[196,34080,34081],{},[15,34082,33823],{},[196,34084,34085],{},[15,34086,8002],{},[20,34088,34089],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[599,34091,34093],{"id":34092},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[44,34095,34097],{"className":46,"code":34096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34098,34099,34119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34100,34101,34103,34105,34107,34109,34111,34113,34115,34117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34102,266],{"class":59},[53,34104,64],{"class":63},[53,34106,2982],{"class":67},[53,34108,274],{"class":273},[53,34110,81],{"class":67},[53,34112,279],{"class":273},[53,34114,81],{"class":67},[53,34116,284],{"class":273},[53,34118,2995],{"class":67},[53,34120,34121,34123,34125,34127,34129,34131],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34122,132],{"class":131},[53,34124,116],{"class":67},[53,34126,33726],{"class":131},[53,34128,116],{"class":67},[53,34130,291],{"class":112},[53,34132,1377],{"class":67},[20,34134,34068],{},[193,34136,34137,34141,34145,34149],{},[196,34138,34139],{},[15,34140,12912],{},[196,34142,34143],{},[15,34144,25596],{},[196,34146,34147],{},[15,34148,113],{},[196,34150,34151],{},[15,34152,34153],{},"sort",[20,34155,34156],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34158,34159,34160,34165,34166,34168],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[464,34161,34163],{"href":34162},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34164,1655],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34167,33665],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[39,34170,7785,34172,33898],{"id":34171},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34173,33665],{},[20,34175,34176,34177,34179],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34178,33665],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34181,34182],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[44,34184,34186],{"className":46,"code":34185,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34187,34188,34197,34201,34212,34224,34228],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34189,34190,34192,34194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34191,2380],{"class":59},[53,34193,64],{"class":63},[53,34195,34196],{"class":273}," 5\n",[53,34198,34199],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34200,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34202,34203,34206,34210],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34204,34205],{"class":1415},"def",[53,34207,34209],{"class":34208},"sGLFI"," greet",[53,34211,20950],{"class":67},[53,34213,34214,34217,34219,34222],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,34215,34216],{"class":1105},"    return",[53,34218,84],{"class":71},[53,34220,34221],{"class":75},"Hello",[53,34223,2715],{"class":71},[53,34225,34226],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,34227,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34229,34230,34232,34234,34236],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,34231,132],{"class":131},[53,34233,116],{"class":67},[53,34235,33726],{"class":131},[53,34237,6557],{"class":67},[20,34239,34240],{},"The output will include names like:",[193,34242,34243,34247],{},[196,34244,34245],{},[15,34246,1524],{},[196,34248,34249],{},[15,34250,34251],{},"greet",[20,34253,34254],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[193,34256,34257,34260,34263],{},[196,34258,34259],{},"what variables exist",[196,34261,34262],{},"what functions you have defined",[196,34264,34265],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34267,34268],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[39,34270,34272],{"id":34271},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34274,34275,34276,34278],{},"When you first use ",[15,34277,33665],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34280,1559],{},[44,34282,34283],{"className":46,"code":34035,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,34284,34285,34297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34286,34287,34289,34291,34293,34295],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34288,34042],{"class":59},[53,34290,64],{"class":63},[53,34292,84],{"class":71},[53,34294,3206],{"class":75},[53,34296,2715],{"class":71},[53,34298,34299,34301,34303,34305,34307,34309],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34300,132],{"class":131},[53,34302,116],{"class":67},[53,34304,33726],{"class":131},[53,34306,116],{"class":67},[53,34308,34063],{"class":112},[53,34310,1377],{"class":67},[20,34312,34313],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[193,34315,34316,34320,34324],{},[196,34317,34318],{},[15,34319,33764],{},[196,34321,34322],{},[15,34323,33800],{},[196,34325,34326],{},[15,34327,34328],{},"__len__",[20,34330,34331],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34333,34334],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[193,34336,34337,34341,34345,34349],{},[196,34338,34339],{},[15,34340,33832],{},[196,34342,34343],{},[15,34344,8008],{},[196,34346,34347],{},[15,34348,33823],{},[196,34350,34351],{},[15,34352,34353],{},"replace",[20,34355,34356],{},"A key point to remember:",[193,34358,34359,34367],{},[196,34360,34361,34363,34364],{},[15,34362,33665],{}," lists ",[30,34365,34366],{},"names only",[196,34368,34369,34370,34372],{},"it does ",[30,34371,461],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34374,34375,34376,37],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[464,34377,34379],{"href":34378},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34380,34381],{},"help()",[20,34383,4832],{},[44,34385,34387],{"className":46,"code":34386,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34388,34389,34401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34390,34391,34393,34395,34397,34399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34392,7242],{"class":59},[53,34394,64],{"class":63},[53,34396,84],{"class":71},[53,34398,3206],{"class":75},[53,34400,2715],{"class":71},[53,34402,34403,34405,34407,34409,34411,34413],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34404,31506],{"class":131},[53,34406,116],{"class":67},[53,34408,7032],{"class":112},[53,34410,37],{"class":67},[53,34412,33832],{"class":24104},[53,34414,125],{"class":67},[39,34416,34418,34420],{"id":34417},"dir-on-modules",[15,34419,33665],{}," on modules",[20,34422,15074,34423,34425],{},[15,34424,33665],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34427,34428],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[599,34430,34432,34433,34435],{"id":34431},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34434,17775],{}," module",[44,34437,34439],{"className":46,"code":34438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34440,34441,34449,34453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34442,34443,34446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34444,34445],{"class":1105},"import",[53,34447,34448],{"class":59}," math\n",[53,34450,34451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34452,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34454,34455,34457,34459,34461,34463,34465],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34456,132],{"class":131},[53,34458,116],{"class":67},[53,34460,33726],{"class":131},[53,34462,116],{"class":67},[53,34464,17775],{"class":112},[53,34466,1377],{"class":67},[20,34468,34469],{},"You may see names like:",[193,34471,34472,34477,34482,34487],{},[196,34473,34474],{},[15,34475,34476],{},"sqrt",[196,34478,34479],{},[15,34480,34481],{},"ceil",[196,34483,34484],{},[15,34485,34486],{},"floor",[196,34488,34489],{},[15,34490,34491],{},"pi",[20,34493,34494],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34496,34497],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[193,34499,34500,34506],{},[196,34501,34502],{},[464,34503,34505],{"href":34504},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[196,34507,34508],{},[464,34509,34511],{"href":34510},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[599,34513,34515],{"id":34514},"another-example","Another example",[44,34517,34519],{"className":46,"code":34518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34520,34521,34528,34532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34522,34523,34525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34524,34445],{"class":1105},[53,34526,34527],{"class":59}," json\n",[53,34529,34530],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34531,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34533,34534,34536,34538,34540,34542,34545],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34535,132],{"class":131},[53,34537,116],{"class":67},[53,34539,33726],{"class":131},[53,34541,116],{"class":67},[53,34543,34544],{"class":112},"json",[53,34546,1377],{"class":67},[20,34548,34549,34550,1540,34553,1540,34556,16431,34559,37],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34551,34552],{},"dump",[15,34554,34555],{},"dumps",[15,34557,34558],{},"load",[15,34560,34561],{},"loads",[39,34563,34565,9952,34567],{"id":34564},"dir-vs-help",[15,34566,33665],{},[15,34568,34381],{},[20,34570,34571,594,34573,34575],{},[15,34572,33665],{},[15,34574,34381],{}," are often used together.",[599,34577,34578],{"id":33726},[15,34579,33665],{},[193,34581,34582,34585],{},[196,34583,34584],{},"shows available names",[196,34586,34587],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[599,34589,34590],{"id":31506},[15,34591,34381],{},[193,34593,34594,34597],{},[196,34595,34596],{},"explains what an object or function does",[196,34598,34599],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34601,34602],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[44,34604,34606],{"className":46,"code":34605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34607,34608,34620,34624,34638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34609,34610,34612,34614,34616,34618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34611,7242],{"class":59},[53,34613,64],{"class":63},[53,34615,84],{"class":71},[53,34617,3206],{"class":75},[53,34619,2715],{"class":71},[53,34621,34622],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34623,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34625,34626,34628,34630,34632,34634,34636],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34627,132],{"class":131},[53,34629,116],{"class":67},[53,34631,33726],{"class":131},[53,34633,116],{"class":67},[53,34635,7032],{"class":112},[53,34637,1377],{"class":67},[53,34639,34640,34642,34644,34646,34648,34650],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,34641,31506],{"class":131},[53,34643,116],{"class":67},[53,34645,7032],{"class":112},[53,34647,37],{"class":67},[53,34649,33832],{"class":24104},[53,34651,125],{"class":67},[20,34653,174,34654,34656,34657,34659,34660,34662],{},[15,34655,33665],{}," first to find a method name.",[9213,34658],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34661,34381],{}," to understand how to use it.",[39,34664,24712],{"id":24711},[20,34666,34667],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[599,34669,34671,34673],{"id":34670},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34672,33665],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34675,34676,34678],{},[15,34677,33665],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34680,34681,34682,34684,34685,34688],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34683,33832],{}," in ",[15,34686,34687],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[599,34690,34692],{"id":34691},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34694,34695],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34697,34698],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[599,34700,34702],{"id":34701},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34704,34705],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34707,4832],{},[193,34709,34710,34715,34721],{},[196,34711,34712,34714],{},[15,34713,34687],{}," shows string-related names",[196,34716,34717,34720],{},[15,34718,34719],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[196,34722,34723,34726,34727,34435],{},[15,34724,34725],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34728,17775],{},[599,34730,34732],{"id":34731},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34734,34735,34736,34738],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34737,33665],{}," does not mean you already know:",[193,34740,34741,34744,34747],{},[196,34742,34743],{},"what it does",[196,34745,34746],{},"what arguments it needs",[196,34748,34749],{},"what it returns",[20,34751,34752,34753,34755],{},"That is why ",[15,34754,34381],{}," is the natural next step.",[39,34757,2185],{"id":2184},[20,34759,34760,34761,34763],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,34762,33665],{}," in these situations:",[193,34765,34766,34769,34778,34781],{},[196,34767,34768],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[196,34770,34771,34772,34777],{},"Seeing an ",[464,34773,34775],{"href":34774},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,34776,25026],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[196,34779,34780],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[196,34782,7785,34783,34785,34786],{},[15,34784,33665],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,34787,34381],{},[20,34789,34790],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[44,34792,34794],{"className":46,"code":34793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34795,34796,34808,34812,34826,34840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34797,34798,34800,34802,34804,34806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34799,7242],{"class":59},[53,34801,64],{"class":63},[53,34803,84],{"class":71},[53,34805,3206],{"class":75},[53,34807,2715],{"class":71},[53,34809,34810],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34811,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34813,34814,34816,34818,34820,34822,34824],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34815,132],{"class":131},[53,34817,116],{"class":67},[53,34819,2578],{"class":550},[53,34821,116],{"class":67},[53,34823,7032],{"class":112},[53,34825,1377],{"class":67},[53,34827,34828,34830,34832,34834,34836,34838],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,34829,132],{"class":131},[53,34831,116],{"class":67},[53,34833,33726],{"class":131},[53,34835,116],{"class":67},[53,34837,7032],{"class":112},[53,34839,1377],{"class":67},[53,34841,34842,34844,34846,34848,34850,34852],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,34843,31506],{"class":131},[53,34845,116],{"class":67},[53,34847,7032],{"class":112},[53,34849,37],{"class":67},[53,34851,33832],{"class":24104},[53,34853,125],{"class":67},[20,34855,34856],{},"And for modules:",[44,34858,34859],{"className":46,"code":34438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,34860,34861,34867,34871],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34862,34863,34865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34864,34445],{"class":1105},[53,34866,34448],{"class":59},[53,34868,34869],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34870,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,34872,34873,34875,34877,34879,34881,34883],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34874,132],{"class":131},[53,34876,116],{"class":67},[53,34878,33726],{"class":131},[53,34880,116],{"class":67},[53,34882,17775],{"class":112},[53,34884,1377],{"class":67},[20,34886,34887],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[44,34889,34891],{"className":46,"code":34890,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,34892,34893,34898,34910,34920,34934,34940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,34894,34895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,34896,34897],{"class":59},"python\n",[53,34899,34900,34902,34904,34906,34908],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,34901,7242],{"class":59},[53,34903,64],{"class":63},[53,34905,84],{"class":71},[53,34907,3206],{"class":75},[53,34909,2715],{"class":71},[53,34911,34912,34914,34916,34918],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,34913,33726],{"class":131},[53,34915,116],{"class":67},[53,34917,7032],{"class":112},[53,34919,125],{"class":67},[53,34921,34922,34924,34926,34928,34930,34932],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,34923,31506],{"class":131},[53,34925,116],{"class":67},[53,34927,7032],{"class":112},[53,34929,37],{"class":67},[53,34931,33832],{"class":24104},[53,34933,125],{"class":67},[53,34935,34936,34938],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,34937,34445],{"class":1105},[53,34939,34448],{"class":59},[53,34941,34942,34944,34946,34948],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,34943,33726],{"class":131},[53,34945,116],{"class":67},[53,34947,17775],{"class":112},[53,34949,125],{"class":67},[39,34951,1187],{"id":1186},[599,34953,4501,34955,4504],{"id":34954},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,34956,33665],{},[20,34958,34959],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[599,34961,4538,34963,594,34965,1222],{"id":34962},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,34964,33665],{},[15,34966,34381],{},[20,34968,34969,34971,34972,34974],{},[15,34970,33665],{}," lists available names. ",[15,34973,34381],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[599,34976,34978,34979,34981],{"id":34977},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,34980,33665],{}," output?",[20,34983,34984],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[599,34986,1234,34988,34990,34991,1222],{"id":34987},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,34989,33665],{}," help fix ",[15,34992,25026],{},[20,34994,34995,34996,37],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[464,34997,34998],{"href":34774},"object has no attribute",[39,35000,1244],{"id":1243},[193,35002,35003,35009,35014,35018,35022],{},[196,35004,35005],{},[464,35006,2934,35007,2867],{"href":34378},[15,35008,34381],{},[196,35010,35011],{},[464,35012,35013],{"href":34774},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[196,35015,35016],{},[464,35017,34505],{"href":34504},[196,35019,35020],{},[464,35021,34511],{"href":34510},[196,35023,35024],{},[464,35025,2934,35026,2867],{"href":34162},[15,35027,1655],{},[20,35029,35030,35031,35033,35034,35036],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35032,33665],{}," together with ",[15,35035,34381],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1276,35038,35039],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":35041},[35042,35043,35045,35050,35055,35057,35058,35064,35069,35076,35077,35087],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":33842,"depth":104,"text":35044},"What dir() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":35046},[35047,35049],{"id":33895,"depth":128,"text":35048},"dir() with no argument",{"id":33951,"depth":128,"text":33737},{"id":34019,"depth":104,"text":35051,"children":35052},"Using dir() with a value",[35053,35054],{"id":34031,"depth":128,"text":34032},{"id":34092,"depth":128,"text":34093},{"id":34171,"depth":104,"text":35056},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34271,"depth":104,"text":34272},{"id":34417,"depth":104,"text":35059,"children":35060},"dir() on modules",[35061,35063],{"id":34431,"depth":128,"text":35062},"Example: math module",{"id":34514,"depth":128,"text":34515},{"id":34564,"depth":104,"text":35065,"children":35066},"dir() vs help()",[35067,35068],{"id":33726,"depth":128,"text":33665},{"id":31506,"depth":128,"text":34381},{"id":24711,"depth":104,"text":24712,"children":35070},[35071,35073,35074,35075],{"id":34670,"depth":128,"text":35072},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34691,"depth":128,"text":34692},{"id":34701,"depth":128,"text":34702},{"id":34731,"depth":128,"text":34732},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":35078},[35079,35081,35083,35085],{"id":34954,"depth":128,"text":35080},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":34962,"depth":128,"text":35082},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":34977,"depth":128,"text":35084},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":34987,"depth":128,"text":35086},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33657,"description":35088},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35095,"title":35096,"body":35097,"description":36912,"extension":1312,"meta":36913,"navigation":383,"path":36914,"seo":36915,"stem":36916,"__hash__":36917},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35098,"toc":36881},[35099,35105,35110,35113,35121,35127,35129,35209,35211,35237,35242,35247,35252,35255,35266,35269,35271,35350,35352,35378,35385,35387,35389,35414,35417,35430,35435,35437,35516,35518,35544,35553,35558,35566,35572,35579,35582,35584,35661,35664,35721,35723,35760,35766,35771,35776,35779,35793,35795,35898,35900,35943,35952,35962,35969,35975,35982,36065,36067,36090,36093,36096,36098,36102,36106,36109,36172,36195,36198,36202,36208,36210,36277,36280,36357,36362,36368,36371,36374,36420,36422,36446,36451,36455,36460,36466,36529,36532,36534,36537,36561,36564,36699,36701,36802,36804,36809,36812,36818,36828,36836,36841,36847,36853,36855,36878],[10,35100,2934,35102,2938],{"id":35101},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35103,35104],{},"enumerate()",[20,35106,35107,35109],{},[15,35108,35104],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35111,35112],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[193,35114,35115,35118],{},[196,35116,35117],{},"the item itself",[196,35119,35120],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35122,35123,35124,35126],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35125,35104],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[39,35128,42],{"id":41},[44,35130,35132],{"className":46,"code":35131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35133,35134,35166,35170,35193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35135,35136,35138,35140,35142,35144,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154,35156,35158,35160,35162,35164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35137,60],{"class":59},[53,35139,64],{"class":63},[53,35141,2982],{"class":67},[53,35143,72],{"class":71},[53,35145,76],{"class":75},[53,35147,72],{"class":71},[53,35149,81],{"class":67},[53,35151,84],{"class":71},[53,35153,96],{"class":75},[53,35155,72],{"class":71},[53,35157,81],{"class":67},[53,35159,84],{"class":71},[53,35161,87],{"class":75},[53,35163,72],{"class":71},[53,35165,2995],{"class":67},[53,35167,35168],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35169,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,35171,35172,35174,35177,35179,35182,35184,35187,35189,35191],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35173,5319],{"class":1105},[53,35175,35176],{"class":59}," index",[53,35178,81],{"class":67},[53,35180,35181],{"class":59}," color ",[53,35183,1067],{"class":1105},[53,35185,35186],{"class":131}," enumerate",[53,35188,116],{"class":67},[53,35190,107],{"class":112},[53,35192,7709],{"class":67},[53,35194,35195,35197,35199,35202,35204,35207],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,35196,7435],{"class":131},[53,35198,116],{"class":67},[53,35200,35201],{"class":112},"index",[53,35203,81],{"class":67},[53,35205,35206],{"class":112}," color",[53,35208,125],{"class":67},[20,35210,772],{},[44,35212,35214],{"className":46,"code":35213,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35215,35216,35223,35230],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35217,35218,35220],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35219,1470],{"class":273},[53,35221,35222],{"class":59}," red\n",[53,35224,35225,35227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35226,274],{"class":273},[53,35228,35229],{"class":59}," green\n",[53,35231,35232,35234],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35233,300],{"class":273},[53,35235,35236],{"class":59}," blue\n",[20,35238,174,35239,35241],{},[15,35240,35104],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[39,35243,183,35245,186],{"id":35244},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35246,35104],{},[20,35248,35249,35251],{},[15,35250,35104],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35253,35254],{},"It is commonly used with:",[193,35256,35257,35259,35261,35263],{},[196,35258,4659],{},[196,35260,4662],{},[196,35262,4668],{},[196,35264,35265],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35267,35268],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35270,1559],{},[44,35272,35274],{"className":46,"code":35273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35275,35276,35310,35314,35335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35277,35278,35280,35282,35284,35286,35288,35290,35292,35294,35297,35299,35301,35303,35306,35308],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35279,4353],{"class":59},[53,35281,64],{"class":63},[53,35283,2982],{"class":67},[53,35285,72],{"class":71},[53,35287,12244],{"class":75},[53,35289,72],{"class":71},[53,35291,81],{"class":67},[53,35293,84],{"class":71},[53,35295,35296],{"class":75},"Ben",[53,35298,72],{"class":71},[53,35300,81],{"class":67},[53,35302,84],{"class":71},[53,35304,35305],{"class":75},"Cara",[53,35307,72],{"class":71},[53,35309,2995],{"class":67},[53,35311,35312],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35313,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,35315,35316,35318,35320,35322,35325,35327,35329,35331,35333],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35317,5319],{"class":1105},[53,35319,35176],{"class":59},[53,35321,81],{"class":67},[53,35323,35324],{"class":59}," name ",[53,35326,1067],{"class":1105},[53,35328,35186],{"class":131},[53,35330,116],{"class":67},[53,35332,4397],{"class":112},[53,35334,7709],{"class":67},[53,35336,35337,35339,35341,35343,35345,35348],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,35338,7435],{"class":131},[53,35340,116],{"class":67},[53,35342,35201],{"class":112},[53,35344,81],{"class":67},[53,35346,35347],{"class":112}," name",[53,35349,125],{"class":67},[20,35351,772],{},[44,35353,35355],{"className":46,"code":35354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35356,35357,35364,35371],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35358,35359,35361],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35360,1470],{"class":273},[53,35362,35363],{"class":59}," Ana\n",[53,35365,35366,35368],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35367,274],{"class":273},[53,35369,35370],{"class":59}," Ben\n",[53,35372,35373,35375],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35374,300],{"class":273},[53,35376,35377],{"class":59}," Cara\n",[20,35379,35380,35381,37],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[464,35382,35384],{"href":35383},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[39,35386,217],{"id":216},[20,35388,1510],{},[44,35390,35392],{"className":46,"code":35391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35393,35394],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35395,35396,35399,35401,35403,35405,35408,35410,35412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35397,35398],{"class":131},"enumerate",[53,35400,116],{"class":67},[53,35402,3081],{"class":112},[53,35404,81],{"class":67},[53,35406,35407],{"class":8544}," start",[53,35409,64],{"class":63},[53,35411,1470],{"class":273},[53,35413,125],{"class":67},[20,35415,35416],{},"It has two parts:",[193,35418,35419,35424],{},[196,35420,35421,35423],{},[15,35422,3081],{},": the object you want to loop through",[196,35425,35426,35429],{},[15,35427,35428],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35431,35432,35433,37],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35434,1470],{},[20,35436,1559],{},[44,35438,35440],{"className":46,"code":35439,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35441,35442,35474,35478,35500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35443,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452,35454,35456,35458,35460,35462,35464,35466,35468,35470,35472],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35445,620],{"class":59},[53,35447,64],{"class":63},[53,35449,2982],{"class":67},[53,35451,72],{"class":71},[53,35453,464],{"class":75},[53,35455,72],{"class":71},[53,35457,81],{"class":67},[53,35459,84],{"class":71},[53,35461,637],{"class":75},[53,35463,72],{"class":71},[53,35465,81],{"class":67},[53,35467,84],{"class":71},[53,35469,646],{"class":75},[53,35471,72],{"class":71},[53,35473,2995],{"class":67},[53,35475,35476],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35477,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,35479,35480,35482,35485,35487,35490,35492,35494,35496,35498],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35481,5319],{"class":1105},[53,35483,35484],{"class":59}," i",[53,35486,81],{"class":67},[53,35488,35489],{"class":59}," letter ",[53,35491,1067],{"class":1105},[53,35493,35186],{"class":131},[53,35495,116],{"class":67},[53,35497,655],{"class":112},[53,35499,7709],{"class":67},[53,35501,35502,35504,35506,35509,35511,35514],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,35503,7435],{"class":131},[53,35505,116],{"class":67},[53,35507,35508],{"class":112},"i",[53,35510,81],{"class":67},[53,35512,35513],{"class":112}," letter",[53,35515,125],{"class":67},[20,35517,772],{},[44,35519,35521],{"className":46,"code":35520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35522,35523,35530,35537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35524,35525,35527],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35526,1470],{"class":273},[53,35528,35529],{"class":59}," a\n",[53,35531,35532,35534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35533,274],{"class":273},[53,35535,35536],{"class":59}," b\n",[53,35538,35539,35541],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35540,300],{"class":273},[53,35542,35543],{"class":59}," c\n",[20,35545,35546,35547,37],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[464,35548,2934,35550,2867],{"href":35549},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35551,35552],{},"range()",[39,35554,183,35556,11070],{"id":35555},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35557,35104],{},[20,35559,35560,35562,35563,37],{},[15,35561,35104],{}," returns an ",[30,35564,35565],{},"enumerate object",[20,35567,35568,35569,35571],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35570,5319],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[193,35573,35574],{},[196,35575,35576],{},[15,35577,35578],{},"(index, item)",[20,35580,35581],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35583,1559],{},[44,35585,35587],{"className":46,"code":35586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35588,35589,35621,35625,35646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35590,35591,35593,35595,35597,35599,35601,35603,35605,35607,35609,35611,35613,35615,35617,35619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35592,347],{"class":59},[53,35594,64],{"class":63},[53,35596,2982],{"class":67},[53,35598,72],{"class":71},[53,35600,356],{"class":75},[53,35602,72],{"class":71},[53,35604,81],{"class":67},[53,35606,84],{"class":71},[53,35608,365],{"class":75},[53,35610,72],{"class":71},[53,35612,81],{"class":67},[53,35614,84],{"class":71},[53,35616,374],{"class":75},[53,35618,72],{"class":71},[53,35620,2995],{"class":67},[53,35622,35623],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35624,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,35626,35627,35629,35631,35633,35636,35638,35640,35642,35644],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35628,5319],{"class":1105},[53,35630,35176],{"class":59},[53,35632,81],{"class":67},[53,35634,35635],{"class":59}," fruit ",[53,35637,1067],{"class":1105},[53,35639,35186],{"class":131},[53,35641,116],{"class":67},[53,35643,389],{"class":112},[53,35645,7709],{"class":67},[53,35647,35648,35650,35652,35654,35656,35659],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,35649,7435],{"class":131},[53,35651,116],{"class":67},[53,35653,35201],{"class":112},[53,35655,81],{"class":67},[53,35657,35658],{"class":112}," fruit",[53,35660,125],{"class":67},[20,35662,35663],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[44,35665,35667],{"className":46,"code":35666,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35668,35669,35689,35693,35711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35670,35671,35673,35675,35677,35679,35681,35683,35685,35687],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35672,266],{"class":59},[53,35674,64],{"class":63},[53,35676,2982],{"class":67},[53,35678,1684],{"class":273},[53,35680,81],{"class":67},[53,35682,7155],{"class":273},[53,35684,81],{"class":67},[53,35686,7160],{"class":273},[53,35688,2995],{"class":67},[53,35690,35691],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35692,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,35694,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35696,1582],{"class":59},[53,35698,64],{"class":63},[53,35700,21913],{"class":550},[53,35702,116],{"class":67},[53,35704,35398],{"class":131},[53,35706,116],{"class":67},[53,35708,291],{"class":112},[53,35710,1377],{"class":67},[53,35712,35713,35715,35717,35719],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,35714,132],{"class":131},[53,35716,116],{"class":67},[53,35718,1617],{"class":112},[53,35720,125],{"class":67},[20,35722,772],{},[44,35724,35726],{"className":46,"code":35725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35727,35728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35729,35730,35732,35734,35736,35738,35740,35742,35744,35746,35748,35750,35752,35754,35756,35758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35731,21095],{"class":67},[53,35733,1470],{"class":273},[53,35735,81],{"class":67},[53,35737,5366],{"class":273},[53,35739,8602],{"class":67},[53,35741,8605],{"class":67},[53,35743,274],{"class":273},[53,35745,81],{"class":67},[53,35747,7155],{"class":273},[53,35749,8602],{"class":67},[53,35751,8605],{"class":67},[53,35753,300],{"class":273},[53,35755,81],{"class":67},[53,35757,7160],{"class":273},[53,35759,8618],{"class":67},[20,35761,35762,35763,35765],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,35764,35104],{}," produces.",[39,35767,4319,35769],{"id":35768},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,35770,35104],{},[20,35772,174,35773,35775],{},[15,35774,35104],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,35777,35778],{},"Common cases:",[193,35780,35781,35784,35787,35790],{},[196,35782,35783],{},"printing numbered output",[196,35785,35786],{},"building menus",[196,35788,35789],{},"showing positions in a list",[196,35791,35792],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,35794,1559],{},[44,35796,35798],{"className":46,"code":35797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,35799,35800,35835,35839,35869],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35801,35802,35804,35806,35808,35810,35813,35815,35817,35819,35822,35824,35826,35828,35831,35833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35803,29253],{"class":59},[53,35805,64],{"class":63},[53,35807,2982],{"class":67},[53,35809,72],{"class":71},[53,35811,35812],{"class":75},"Wash dishes",[53,35814,72],{"class":71},[53,35816,81],{"class":67},[53,35818,84],{"class":71},[53,35820,35821],{"class":75},"Study Python",[53,35823,72],{"class":71},[53,35825,81],{"class":67},[53,35827,84],{"class":71},[53,35829,35830],{"class":75},"Go for a walk",[53,35832,72],{"class":71},[53,35834,2995],{"class":67},[53,35836,35837],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35838,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,35840,35841,35843,35845,35847,35850,35852,35854,35856,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35842,5319],{"class":1105},[53,35844,1548],{"class":59},[53,35846,81],{"class":67},[53,35848,35849],{"class":59}," task ",[53,35851,1067],{"class":1105},[53,35853,35186],{"class":131},[53,35855,116],{"class":67},[53,35857,35858],{"class":112},"tasks",[53,35860,81],{"class":67},[53,35862,35407],{"class":8544},[53,35864,64],{"class":63},[53,35866,274],{"class":273},[53,35868,7709],{"class":67},[53,35870,35871,35873,35875,35877,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887,35889,35892,35894,35896],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,35872,7435],{"class":131},[53,35874,116],{"class":67},[53,35876,21648],{"class":1415},[53,35878,72],{"class":75},[53,35880,153],{"class":273},[53,35882,1592],{"class":112},[53,35884,21657],{"class":273},[53,35886,27669],{"class":75},[53,35888,153],{"class":273},[53,35890,35891],{"class":112},"task",[53,35893,21657],{"class":273},[53,35895,72],{"class":75},[53,35897,125],{"class":67},[20,35899,772],{},[44,35901,35903],{"className":46,"code":35902,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,35904,35905,35917,35929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35906,35907,35909,35911,35914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35908,274],{"class":273},[53,35910,37],{"class":67},[53,35912,35913],{"class":24104}," Wash",[53,35915,35916],{"class":59}," dishes\n",[53,35918,35919,35921,35923,35926],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,35920,300],{"class":273},[53,35922,37],{"class":67},[53,35924,35925],{"class":24104}," Study",[53,35927,35928],{"class":59}," Python\n",[53,35930,35931,35933,35935,35938,35940],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,35932,1412],{"class":273},[53,35934,37],{"class":67},[53,35936,35937],{"class":24104}," Go",[53,35939,3237],{"class":1105},[53,35941,35942],{"class":59}," a walk\n",[20,35944,35945,35946,35948,35949,37],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,35947,35104],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,35950,35951],{},"range(len(...))",[20,35953,35954,35955,37],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[464,35956,35958,35959,35961],{"href":35957},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,35960,35104],{}," in Python",[39,35963,35965,35966,35968],{"id":35964},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,35967,35428],{}," argument",[20,35970,35971,35972,35974],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,35973,35428],{}," argument.",[20,35976,35977,35978,10458,35980,191],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,35979,274],{},[15,35981,1470],{},[44,35983,35985],{"className":46,"code":35984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35986,35987,36019,36023,36051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,35988,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999,36001,36003,36005,36007,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,35990,60],{"class":59},[53,35992,64],{"class":63},[53,35994,2982],{"class":67},[53,35996,72],{"class":71},[53,35998,76],{"class":75},[53,36000,72],{"class":71},[53,36002,81],{"class":67},[53,36004,84],{"class":71},[53,36006,96],{"class":75},[53,36008,72],{"class":71},[53,36010,81],{"class":67},[53,36012,84],{"class":71},[53,36014,87],{"class":75},[53,36016,72],{"class":71},[53,36018,2995],{"class":67},[53,36020,36021],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36022,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,36024,36025,36027,36029,36031,36033,36035,36037,36039,36041,36043,36045,36047,36049],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36026,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36028,35176],{"class":59},[53,36030,81],{"class":67},[53,36032,35181],{"class":59},[53,36034,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36036,35186],{"class":131},[53,36038,116],{"class":67},[53,36040,107],{"class":112},[53,36042,81],{"class":67},[53,36044,35407],{"class":8544},[53,36046,64],{"class":63},[53,36048,274],{"class":273},[53,36050,7709],{"class":67},[53,36052,36053,36055,36057,36059,36061,36063],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36054,7435],{"class":131},[53,36056,116],{"class":67},[53,36058,35201],{"class":112},[53,36060,81],{"class":67},[53,36062,35206],{"class":112},[53,36064,125],{"class":67},[20,36066,772],{},[44,36068,36070],{"className":46,"code":36069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36071,36072,36078,36084],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36073,36074,36076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36075,274],{"class":273},[53,36077,35222],{"class":59},[53,36079,36080,36082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36081,300],{"class":273},[53,36083,35229],{"class":59},[53,36085,36086,36088],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36087,1412],{"class":273},[53,36089,35236],{"class":59},[20,36091,36092],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36094,36095],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[39,36097,24712],{"id":24711},[20,36099,24715,36100,37],{},[15,36101,35104],{},[599,36103,36105],{"id":36104},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36107,36108],{},"In this loop:",[44,36110,36112],{"className":46,"code":36111,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36113,36114,36134,36138,36158],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36115,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36117,266],{"class":59},[53,36119,64],{"class":63},[53,36121,2982],{"class":67},[53,36123,1684],{"class":273},[53,36125,81],{"class":67},[53,36127,7155],{"class":273},[53,36129,81],{"class":67},[53,36131,7160],{"class":273},[53,36133,2995],{"class":67},[53,36135,36136],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36137,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,36139,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152,36154,36156],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36141,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36143,35176],{"class":59},[53,36145,81],{"class":67},[53,36147,20939],{"class":59},[53,36149,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36151,35186],{"class":131},[53,36153,116],{"class":67},[53,36155,291],{"class":112},[53,36157,7709],{"class":67},[53,36159,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36161,7435],{"class":131},[53,36163,116],{"class":67},[53,36165,35201],{"class":112},[53,36167,81],{"class":67},[53,36169,7801],{"class":112},[53,36171,125],{"class":67},[193,36173,36174,36184],{},[196,36175,36176,4141,36178,1540,36180,1540,36182],{},[15,36177,35201],{},[15,36179,1470],{},[15,36181,274],{},[15,36183,300],{},[196,36185,36186,4141,36188,1540,36190,1540,36192],{},[15,36187,236],{},[15,36189,1684],{},[15,36191,15114],{},[15,36193,36194],{},"30",[20,36196,36197],{},"These are different things.",[599,36199,36201],{"id":36200},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36203,36204,36205,36207],{},"Each item from ",[15,36206,35104],{}," is a pair.",[20,36209,6051],{},[44,36211,36213],{"className":46,"code":36212,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36214,36215,36239,36243,36263],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36216,36217,36219,36221,36223,36225,36227,36229,36231,36233,36235,36237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36218,7144],{"class":59},[53,36220,64],{"class":63},[53,36222,2982],{"class":67},[53,36224,72],{"class":71},[53,36226,1524],{"class":75},[53,36228,72],{"class":71},[53,36230,81],{"class":67},[53,36232,84],{"class":71},[53,36234,11110],{"class":75},[53,36236,72],{"class":71},[53,36238,2995],{"class":67},[53,36240,36241],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36242,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,36244,36245,36247,36249,36251,36253,36255,36257,36259,36261],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36246,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36248,35484],{"class":59},[53,36250,81],{"class":67},[53,36252,5322],{"class":59},[53,36254,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36256,35186],{"class":131},[53,36258,116],{"class":67},[53,36260,7175],{"class":112},[53,36262,7709],{"class":67},[53,36264,36265,36267,36269,36271,36273,36275],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36266,7435],{"class":131},[53,36268,116],{"class":67},[53,36270,35508],{"class":112},[53,36272,81],{"class":67},[53,36274,28863],{"class":112},[53,36276,125],{"class":67},[20,36278,36279],{},"But this causes an error:",[44,36281,36283],{"className":46,"code":36282,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36284,36285,36309,36313,36338],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36286,36287,36289,36291,36293,36295,36297,36299,36301,36303,36305,36307],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36288,7144],{"class":59},[53,36290,64],{"class":63},[53,36292,2982],{"class":67},[53,36294,72],{"class":71},[53,36296,1524],{"class":75},[53,36298,72],{"class":71},[53,36300,81],{"class":67},[53,36302,84],{"class":71},[53,36304,11110],{"class":75},[53,36306,72],{"class":71},[53,36308,2995],{"class":67},[53,36310,36311],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36312,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,36314,36315,36317,36319,36321,36323,36325,36328,36330,36332,36334,36336],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36316,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36318,35484],{"class":59},[53,36320,81],{"class":67},[53,36322,28863],{"class":59},[53,36324,81],{"class":67},[53,36326,36327],{"class":59}," extra ",[53,36329,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36331,35186],{"class":131},[53,36333,116],{"class":67},[53,36335,7175],{"class":112},[53,36337,7709],{"class":67},[53,36339,36340,36342,36344,36346,36348,36350,36352,36355],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36341,7435],{"class":131},[53,36343,116],{"class":67},[53,36345,35508],{"class":112},[53,36347,81],{"class":67},[53,36349,28863],{"class":112},[53,36351,81],{"class":67},[53,36353,36354],{"class":112}," extra",[53,36356,125],{"class":67},[20,36358,28417,36359,36361],{},[15,36360,35104],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[599,36363,36365,36367],{"id":36364},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36366,35104],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36369,36370],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36372,36373],{},"Example with a string:",[44,36375,36377],{"className":46,"code":36376,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36378,36379,36405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36380,36381,36383,36385,36387,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36401,36403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36382,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36384,35176],{"class":59},[53,36386,81],{"class":67},[53,36388,36389],{"class":59}," char ",[53,36391,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36393,35186],{"class":131},[53,36395,116],{"class":67},[53,36397,72],{"class":71},[53,36399,36400],{"class":75},"cat",[53,36402,72],{"class":71},[53,36404,7709],{"class":67},[53,36406,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36408,7435],{"class":131},[53,36410,116],{"class":67},[53,36412,35201],{"class":112},[53,36414,81],{"class":67},[53,36416,36417],{"class":112}," char",[53,36419,125],{"class":67},[20,36421,772],{},[44,36423,36425],{"className":46,"code":36424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36426,36427,36433,36439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36428,36429,36431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36430,1470],{"class":273},[53,36432,35543],{"class":59},[53,36434,36435,36437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36436,274],{"class":273},[53,36438,35529],{"class":59},[53,36440,36441,36443],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36442,300],{"class":273},[53,36444,36445],{"class":59}," t\n",[20,36447,36448,36449,37],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[464,36450,4495],{"href":4947},[599,36452,36454],{"id":36453},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36456,36457,36458,37],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36459,35104],{},[20,36461,36462,36463,36465],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36464,5319],{}," loop:",[44,36467,36469],{"className":46,"code":36468,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36470,36471,36503,36507,36519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36472,36473,36475,36477,36479,36481,36483,36485,36487,36489,36491,36493,36495,36497,36499,36501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36474,60],{"class":59},[53,36476,64],{"class":63},[53,36478,2982],{"class":67},[53,36480,72],{"class":71},[53,36482,76],{"class":75},[53,36484,72],{"class":71},[53,36486,81],{"class":67},[53,36488,84],{"class":71},[53,36490,96],{"class":75},[53,36492,72],{"class":71},[53,36494,81],{"class":67},[53,36496,84],{"class":71},[53,36498,87],{"class":75},[53,36500,72],{"class":71},[53,36502,2995],{"class":67},[53,36504,36505],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36506,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,36508,36509,36511,36513,36515,36517],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36510,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36512,35181],{"class":59},[53,36514,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36516,899],{"class":59},[53,36518,1120],{"class":67},[53,36520,36521,36523,36525,36527],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36522,7435],{"class":131},[53,36524,116],{"class":67},[53,36526,32245],{"class":112},[53,36528,125],{"class":67},[20,36530,36531],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[39,36533,2185],{"id":2184},[20,36535,36536],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[193,36538,36539,36544,36550,36555],{},[196,36540,22454,36541,36543],{},[15,36542,35104],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[196,36545,36546,36547,36549],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36548,1470],{}," by default",[196,36551,7785,36552,36554],{},[15,36553,35104],{}," when only values are needed",[196,36556,1151,36557,1154,36559],{},[15,36558,35104],{},[15,36560,35552],{},[20,36562,36563],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[44,36565,36567],{"className":46,"code":36566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36568,36569,36591,36618,36652,36685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36570,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579,36581,36583,36585,36587,36589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36572,132],{"class":131},[53,36574,116],{"class":67},[53,36576,35398],{"class":131},[53,36578,2341],{"class":67},[53,36580,1684],{"class":273},[53,36582,81],{"class":67},[53,36584,7155],{"class":273},[53,36586,81],{"class":67},[53,36588,7160],{"class":273},[53,36590,2354],{"class":67},[53,36592,36593,36595,36597,36599,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36615],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36594,132],{"class":131},[53,36596,116],{"class":67},[53,36598,7460],{"class":550},[53,36600,116],{"class":67},[53,36602,35398],{"class":131},[53,36604,2341],{"class":67},[53,36606,1684],{"class":273},[53,36608,81],{"class":67},[53,36610,7155],{"class":273},[53,36612,81],{"class":67},[53,36614,7160],{"class":273},[53,36616,36617],{"class":67},"])))\n",[53,36619,36620,36622,36624,36626,36628,36630,36632,36634,36636,36638,36640,36642,36644,36646,36648,36650],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36621,132],{"class":131},[53,36623,116],{"class":67},[53,36625,7460],{"class":550},[53,36627,116],{"class":67},[53,36629,35398],{"class":131},[53,36631,2341],{"class":67},[53,36633,1684],{"class":273},[53,36635,81],{"class":67},[53,36637,7155],{"class":273},[53,36639,81],{"class":67},[53,36641,7160],{"class":273},[53,36643,17420],{"class":67},[53,36645,35407],{"class":8544},[53,36647,64],{"class":63},[53,36649,274],{"class":273},[53,36651,2267],{"class":67},[53,36653,36654,36656,36658,36660,36662,36664,36666,36668,36670,36672,36674,36676,36678,36680,36682],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36655,5319],{"class":1105},[53,36657,35484],{"class":59},[53,36659,81],{"class":67},[53,36661,20939],{"class":59},[53,36663,1067],{"class":1105},[53,36665,35186],{"class":131},[53,36667,2341],{"class":67},[53,36669,156],{"class":71},[53,36671,464],{"class":75},[53,36673,156],{"class":71},[53,36675,81],{"class":67},[53,36677,165],{"class":71},[53,36679,637],{"class":75},[53,36681,156],{"class":71},[53,36683,36684],{"class":67},"]):\n",[53,36686,36687,36689,36691,36693,36695,36697],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,36688,7435],{"class":131},[53,36690,116],{"class":67},[53,36692,35508],{"class":112},[53,36694,81],{"class":67},[53,36696,7801],{"class":112},[53,36698,125],{"class":67},[20,36700,16317],{},[44,36702,36704],{"className":46,"code":36703,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36705,36706,36726,36758,36790,36796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36707,36708,36710,36712,36714,36717,36721,36724],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36709,2647],{"class":63},[53,36711,35398],{"class":131},[53,36713,23971],{"class":550},[53,36715,36716],{"class":59}," at ",[53,36718,36720],{"class":36719},"srjyR","0x",[53,36722,36723],{"class":33807},"...",[53,36725,2659],{"class":63},[53,36727,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,36729,21095],{"class":67},[53,36731,1470],{"class":273},[53,36733,81],{"class":67},[53,36735,5366],{"class":273},[53,36737,8602],{"class":67},[53,36739,8605],{"class":67},[53,36741,274],{"class":273},[53,36743,81],{"class":67},[53,36745,7155],{"class":273},[53,36747,8602],{"class":67},[53,36749,8605],{"class":67},[53,36751,300],{"class":273},[53,36753,81],{"class":67},[53,36755,7160],{"class":273},[53,36757,8618],{"class":67},[53,36759,36760,36762,36764,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,36761,21095],{"class":67},[53,36763,274],{"class":273},[53,36765,81],{"class":67},[53,36767,5366],{"class":273},[53,36769,8602],{"class":67},[53,36771,8605],{"class":67},[53,36773,300],{"class":273},[53,36775,81],{"class":67},[53,36777,7155],{"class":273},[53,36779,8602],{"class":67},[53,36781,8605],{"class":67},[53,36783,1412],{"class":273},[53,36785,81],{"class":67},[53,36787,7160],{"class":273},[53,36789,8618],{"class":67},[53,36791,36792,36794],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,36793,1470],{"class":273},[53,36795,35529],{"class":59},[53,36797,36798,36800],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,36799,274],{"class":273},[53,36801,35536],{"class":59},[39,36803,1187],{"id":1186},[599,36805,4501,36807,4504],{"id":36806},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,36808,35104],{},[20,36810,36811],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[599,36813,1191,36815,36817],{"id":36814},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,36816,35104],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,36819,36820,36821,36823,36824,36827],{},"It starts at ",[15,36822,1470],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,36825,36826],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[599,36829,1216,36831,10458,36833,1222],{"id":36830},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,36832,35104],{},[15,36834,36835],{},"range(len(list))",[20,36837,35945,36838,36840],{},[15,36839,35104],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[599,36842,1234,36844,36846],{"id":36843},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,36845,35104],{}," be used with strings?",[20,36848,36849,36850,36852],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,36851,35104],{}," can return each character with its index.",[39,36854,1244],{"id":1243},[193,36856,36857,36861,36867,36874],{},[196,36858,36859],{},[464,36860,35384],{"href":35383},[196,36862,36863],{},[464,36864,2934,36865,2867],{"href":35549},[15,36866,35552],{},[196,36868,36869],{},[464,36870,36871,36872,35961],{"href":35957},"How to use ",[15,36873,35104],{},[196,36875,36876],{},[464,36877,4575],{"href":4947},[1276,36879,36880],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":36882},[36883,36884,36886,36887,36889,36891,36893,36900,36901,36911],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":35244,"depth":104,"text":36885},"What enumerate() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":35555,"depth":104,"text":36888},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":35768,"depth":104,"text":36890},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":35964,"depth":104,"text":36892},"Using the start argument",{"id":24711,"depth":104,"text":24712,"children":36894},[36895,36896,36897,36899],{"id":36104,"depth":128,"text":36105},{"id":36200,"depth":128,"text":36201},{"id":36364,"depth":128,"text":36898},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36453,"depth":128,"text":36454},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":36902},[36903,36905,36907,36909],{"id":36806,"depth":128,"text":36904},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":36814,"depth":128,"text":36906},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":36830,"depth":128,"text":36908},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":36843,"depth":128,"text":36910},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35096,"description":36912},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":36919,"title":36920,"body":36921,"description":39437,"extension":1312,"meta":39438,"navigation":383,"path":39439,"seo":39440,"stem":39441,"__hash__":39442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":36922,"toc":39394},[36923,36929,36934,36937,36945,36959,36961,37052,37060,37065,37070,37072,37088,37090,37169,37171,37188,37194,37198,37200,37221,37225,37228,37240,37244,37247,37250,37267,37270,37346,37348,37365,37370,37374,37382,37385,37400,37402,37491,37493,37538,37541,37545,37548,37627,37629,37651,37654,37661,37666,37669,37772,37774,37799,37802,37809,37815,37820,37823,37834,37940,37942,37963,37971,37978,37984,38003,38008,38011,38030,38032,38117,38119,38148,38151,38156,38161,38164,38175,38177,38266,38268,38288,38294,38400,38402,38422,38425,38509,38511,38531,38538,38540,38544,38550,38553,38610,38613,38616,38677,38686,38689,38692,38720,38723,38783,38785,38802,38806,38809,38887,38889,38909,38912,38987,38991,38994,38996,39005,39010,39012,39063,39071,39083,39088,39149,39151,39168,39172,39235,39237,39262,39270,39272,39278,39284,39291,39299,39305,39308,39315,39325,39331,39337,39340,39357,39363,39365,39391],[10,36924,2934,36926,2938],{"id":36925},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,36927,36928],{},"filter()",[20,36930,36931,36933],{},[15,36932,36928],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,36935,36936],{},"It takes:",[193,36938,36939,36942],{},[196,36940,36941],{},"a function that checks each item",[196,36943,36944],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,36946,36947,36948,36951,36952,36955,36956,36958],{},"The result is ",[30,36949,36950],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,36953,36954],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,36957,24135],{}," to see the values.",[39,36960,42],{"id":41},[44,36962,36964],{"className":46,"code":36963,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,36965,36966,36999,37035],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,36967,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,36969,266],{"class":59},[53,36971,64],{"class":63},[53,36973,2982],{"class":67},[53,36975,274],{"class":273},[53,36977,81],{"class":67},[53,36979,279],{"class":273},[53,36981,81],{"class":67},[53,36983,284],{"class":273},[53,36985,81],{"class":67},[53,36987,1811],{"class":273},[53,36989,81],{"class":67},[53,36991,3963],{"class":273},[53,36993,81],{"class":67},[53,36995,36996],{"class":273}," 6",[53,36998,2995],{"class":67},[53,37000,37001,37003,37005,37008,37010,37013,37017,37019,37021,37023,37025,37027,37029,37031,37033],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37002,1582],{"class":59},[53,37004,64],{"class":63},[53,37006,37007],{"class":131}," filter",[53,37009,116],{"class":67},[53,37011,37012],{"class":1415},"lambda",[53,37014,37016],{"class":37015},"sFwrP"," x",[53,37018,191],{"class":67},[53,37020,3240],{"class":112},[53,37022,5765],{"class":63},[53,37024,279],{"class":273},[53,37026,5770],{"class":63},[53,37028,3194],{"class":273},[53,37030,81],{"class":67},[53,37032,3622],{"class":112},[53,37034,125],{"class":67},[53,37036,37037,37039,37041,37043,37045,37047,37049],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37038,132],{"class":131},[53,37040,116],{"class":67},[53,37042,7460],{"class":550},[53,37044,116],{"class":67},[53,37046,1617],{"class":112},[53,37048,4721],{"class":67},[53,37050,37051],{"class":3024},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37053,37054,37056,37057,37059],{},[15,37055,36928],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37058,24135],{}," to see the results.",[39,37061,183,37063,186],{"id":37062},"what-filter-does",[15,37064,36928],{},[20,37066,37067,37069],{},[15,37068,36928],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37071,1457],{},[193,37073,37074,37077,37083],{},[196,37075,37076],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[196,37078,37079,37080,37082],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37081,2963],{},", the item is kept",[196,37084,37079,37085,37087],{},[15,37086,3035],{},", the item is removed",[20,37089,1559],{},[44,37091,37093],{"className":46,"code":37092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37094,37095,37123,37127,37155],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37096,37097,37099,37101,37103,37105,37107,37109,37111,37113,37115,37117,37119,37121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37098,266],{"class":59},[53,37100,64],{"class":63},[53,37102,2982],{"class":67},[53,37104,274],{"class":273},[53,37106,81],{"class":67},[53,37108,279],{"class":273},[53,37110,81],{"class":67},[53,37112,284],{"class":273},[53,37114,81],{"class":67},[53,37116,1811],{"class":273},[53,37118,81],{"class":67},[53,37120,3963],{"class":273},[53,37122,2995],{"class":67},[53,37124,37125],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37126,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37128,37129,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37141,37143,37145,37147,37149,37151,37153],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37130,1582],{"class":59},[53,37132,64],{"class":63},[53,37134,37007],{"class":131},[53,37136,116],{"class":67},[53,37138,37012],{"class":1415},[53,37140,37016],{"class":37015},[53,37142,191],{"class":67},[53,37144,3240],{"class":112},[53,37146,3611],{"class":63},[53,37148,284],{"class":273},[53,37150,81],{"class":67},[53,37152,3622],{"class":112},[53,37154,125],{"class":67},[53,37156,37157,37159,37161,37163,37165,37167],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,37158,132],{"class":131},[53,37160,116],{"class":67},[53,37162,7460],{"class":550},[53,37164,116],{"class":67},[53,37166,1617],{"class":112},[53,37168,1377],{"class":67},[20,37170,772],{},[44,37172,37174],{"className":46,"code":37173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37175,37176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37177,37178,37180,37182,37184,37186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37179,3260],{"class":67},[53,37181,1858],{"class":273},[53,37183,81],{"class":67},[53,37185,3963],{"class":273},[53,37187,2995],{"class":67},[20,37189,37190,37191,37193],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37192,1412],{}," are kept.",[39,37195,37197],{"id":37196},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37199,1510],{},[44,37201,37203],{"className":46,"code":37202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37204,37205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37206,37207,37209,37211,37214,37216,37219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37208,36954],{"class":131},[53,37210,116],{"class":67},[53,37212,37213],{"class":112},"function",[53,37215,81],{"class":67},[53,37217,37218],{"class":112}," iterable",[53,37220,125],{"class":67},[599,37222,37223],{"id":37213},[15,37224,37213],{},[20,37226,37227],{},"This is the test function.",[193,37229,37230,37233],{},[196,37231,37232],{},"It receives one item at a time",[196,37234,37235,37236,1219,37238],{},"It should return ",[15,37237,2963],{},[15,37239,3035],{},[599,37241,37242],{"id":3081},[15,37243,3081],{},[20,37245,37246],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37248,37249],{},"It can be:",[193,37251,37252,37255,37258,37261,37264],{},[196,37253,37254],{},"a list",[196,37256,37257],{},"a tuple",[196,37259,37260],{},"a string",[196,37262,37263],{},"a set",[196,37265,37266],{},"another iterable object",[20,37268,37269],{},"Example with a tuple:",[44,37271,37273],{"className":46,"code":37272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37274,37275,37300,37304,37332],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37276,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37290,37292,37294,37296,37298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37278,266],{"class":59},[53,37280,64],{"class":63},[53,37282,8605],{"class":67},[53,37284,1684],{"class":273},[53,37286,81],{"class":67},[53,37288,37289],{"class":273}," 15",[53,37291,81],{"class":67},[53,37293,7155],{"class":273},[53,37295,81],{"class":67},[53,37297,8674],{"class":273},[53,37299,125],{"class":67},[53,37301,37302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37303,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37305,37306,37308,37310,37312,37314,37316,37318,37320,37322,37324,37326,37328,37330],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37307,1582],{"class":59},[53,37309,64],{"class":63},[53,37311,37007],{"class":131},[53,37313,116],{"class":67},[53,37315,37012],{"class":1415},[53,37317,37016],{"class":37015},[53,37319,191],{"class":67},[53,37321,3240],{"class":112},[53,37323,4457],{"class":63},[53,37325,7155],{"class":273},[53,37327,81],{"class":67},[53,37329,3622],{"class":112},[53,37331,125],{"class":67},[53,37333,37334,37336,37338,37340,37342,37344],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,37335,132],{"class":131},[53,37337,116],{"class":67},[53,37339,7460],{"class":550},[53,37341,116],{"class":67},[53,37343,1617],{"class":112},[53,37345,1377],{"class":67},[20,37347,772],{},[44,37349,37351],{"className":46,"code":37350,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37352,37353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37354,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37356,3260],{"class":67},[53,37358,15114],{"class":273},[53,37360,81],{"class":67},[53,37362,8674],{"class":273},[53,37364,2995],{"class":67},[20,37366,37367,37368,37],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[464,37369,4495],{"href":4947},[39,37371,37373],{"id":37372},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37375,37376,37377,21330,37379,37],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37378,36928],{},[30,37380,37381],{},"filter object",[20,37383,37384],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[193,37386,37387,37390,37395],{},[196,37388,37389],{},"loop through it",[196,37391,37392,37393],{},"convert it with ",[15,37394,24135],{},[196,37396,37392,37397],{},[15,37398,37399],{},"tuple()",[20,37401,1559],{},[44,37403,37405],{"className":46,"code":37404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37406,37407,37449,37453,37463,37477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37408,37409,37411,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439,37441,37443,37445,37447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37410,1582],{"class":59},[53,37412,64],{"class":63},[53,37414,37007],{"class":131},[53,37416,116],{"class":67},[53,37418,37012],{"class":1415},[53,37420,37016],{"class":37015},[53,37422,191],{"class":67},[53,37424,3240],{"class":112},[53,37426,3611],{"class":63},[53,37428,279],{"class":273},[53,37430,81],{"class":67},[53,37432,2982],{"class":67},[53,37434,274],{"class":273},[53,37436,81],{"class":67},[53,37438,279],{"class":273},[53,37440,81],{"class":67},[53,37442,284],{"class":273},[53,37444,81],{"class":67},[53,37446,1811],{"class":273},[53,37448,3248],{"class":67},[53,37450,37451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37452,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37454,37455,37457,37459,37461],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37456,132],{"class":131},[53,37458,116],{"class":67},[53,37460,1617],{"class":112},[53,37462,125],{"class":67},[53,37464,37465,37467,37469,37471,37473,37475],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,37466,132],{"class":131},[53,37468,116],{"class":67},[53,37470,2578],{"class":550},[53,37472,116],{"class":67},[53,37474,1617],{"class":112},[53,37476,1377],{"class":67},[53,37478,37479,37481,37483,37485,37487,37489],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,37480,132],{"class":131},[53,37482,116],{"class":67},[53,37484,7460],{"class":550},[53,37486,116],{"class":67},[53,37488,1617],{"class":112},[53,37490,1377],{"class":67},[20,37492,772],{},[44,37494,37496],{"className":46,"code":37495,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37497,37498,37512,37526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37499,37500,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37501,2647],{"class":63},[53,37503,36954],{"class":131},[53,37505,23971],{"class":550},[53,37507,36716],{"class":59},[53,37509,36723],{"class":33807},[53,37511,2659],{"class":63},[53,37513,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37515,2647],{"class":63},[53,37517,2650],{"class":1415},[53,37519,165],{"class":71},[53,37521,36954],{"class":75},[53,37523,156],{"class":71},[53,37525,2659],{"class":63},[53,37527,37528,37530,37532,37534,37536],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37529,3260],{"class":67},[53,37531,1412],{"class":273},[53,37533,81],{"class":67},[53,37535,1811],{"class":273},[53,37537,2995],{"class":67},[20,37539,37540],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[599,37542,37544],{"id":37543},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37546,37547],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[44,37549,37551],{"className":46,"code":37550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37552,37553,37595,37599,37613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37554,37555,37557,37559,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37573,37575,37577,37579,37581,37583,37585,37587,37589,37591,37593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37556,1582],{"class":59},[53,37558,64],{"class":63},[53,37560,37007],{"class":131},[53,37562,116],{"class":67},[53,37564,37012],{"class":1415},[53,37566,37016],{"class":37015},[53,37568,191],{"class":67},[53,37570,3240],{"class":112},[53,37572,3611],{"class":63},[53,37574,279],{"class":273},[53,37576,81],{"class":67},[53,37578,2982],{"class":67},[53,37580,274],{"class":273},[53,37582,81],{"class":67},[53,37584,279],{"class":273},[53,37586,81],{"class":67},[53,37588,284],{"class":273},[53,37590,81],{"class":67},[53,37592,1811],{"class":273},[53,37594,3248],{"class":67},[53,37596,37597],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37598,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37600,37601,37603,37605,37607,37609,37611],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37602,132],{"class":131},[53,37604,116],{"class":67},[53,37606,7460],{"class":550},[53,37608,116],{"class":67},[53,37610,1617],{"class":112},[53,37612,1377],{"class":67},[53,37614,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623,37625],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,37616,132],{"class":131},[53,37618,116],{"class":67},[53,37620,7460],{"class":550},[53,37622,116],{"class":67},[53,37624,1617],{"class":112},[53,37626,1377],{"class":67},[20,37628,772],{},[44,37630,37632],{"className":46,"code":37631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37633,37634,37646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37635,37636,37638,37640,37642,37644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37637,3260],{"class":67},[53,37639,1412],{"class":273},[53,37641,81],{"class":67},[53,37643,1811],{"class":273},[53,37645,2995],{"class":67},[53,37647,37648],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37649,37650],{"class":67},"[]\n",[20,37652,37653],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[39,37655,7785,37657,1154,37659],{"id":37656},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37658,36928],{},[15,37660,37012],{},[20,37662,14549,37663,37665],{},[15,37664,37012],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37667,37668],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[44,37670,37672],{"className":46,"code":37671,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37673,37674,37716,37720,37758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37675,37676,37678,37680,37682,37684,37686,37688,37690,37692,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37712,37714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37677,3431],{"class":59},[53,37679,64],{"class":63},[53,37681,2982],{"class":67},[53,37683,72],{"class":71},[53,37685,356],{"class":75},[53,37687,72],{"class":71},[53,37689,81],{"class":67},[53,37691,84],{"class":71},[53,37693,37694],{"class":75},"kiwi",[53,37696,72],{"class":71},[53,37698,81],{"class":67},[53,37700,84],{"class":71},[53,37702,365],{"class":75},[53,37704,72],{"class":71},[53,37706,81],{"class":67},[53,37708,84],{"class":71},[53,37710,37711],{"class":75},"fig",[53,37713,72],{"class":71},[53,37715,2995],{"class":67},[53,37717,37718],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37719,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37721,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37735,37737,37740,37742,37745,37747,37750,37752,37754,37756],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37723,1582],{"class":59},[53,37725,64],{"class":63},[53,37727,37007],{"class":131},[53,37729,116],{"class":67},[53,37731,37012],{"class":1415},[53,37733,37734],{"class":37015}," word",[53,37736,191],{"class":67},[53,37738,37739],{"class":131}," len",[53,37741,116],{"class":67},[53,37743,37744],{"class":112},"word",[53,37746,3021],{"class":67},[53,37748,37749],{"class":63}," >",[53,37751,1811],{"class":273},[53,37753,81],{"class":67},[53,37755,5530],{"class":112},[53,37757,125],{"class":67},[53,37759,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,37761,132],{"class":131},[53,37763,116],{"class":67},[53,37765,7460],{"class":550},[53,37767,116],{"class":67},[53,37769,1617],{"class":112},[53,37771,1377],{"class":67},[20,37773,772],{},[44,37775,37777],{"className":46,"code":37776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,37778,37779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37780,37781,37783,37785,37787,37789,37791,37793,37795,37797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37782,3260],{"class":67},[53,37784,156],{"class":71},[53,37786,356],{"class":75},[53,37788,156],{"class":71},[53,37790,81],{"class":67},[53,37792,165],{"class":71},[53,37794,365],{"class":75},[53,37796,156],{"class":71},[53,37798,2995],{"class":67},[20,37800,37801],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,37803,37804,37805,37],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[464,37806,37808],{"href":37807},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[39,37810,7785,37812,37814],{"id":37811},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,37813,36928],{}," with a named function",[20,37816,37817,37818,37],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,37819,37012],{},[20,37821,37822],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[193,37824,37825,37828,37831],{},[196,37826,37827],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[196,37829,37830],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[196,37832,37833],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[44,37835,37837],{"className":46,"code":37836,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37838,37839,37852,37867,37871,37903,37922,37926],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37840,37841,37843,37846,37848,37850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37842,34205],{"class":1415},[53,37844,37845],{"class":34208}," is_even",[53,37847,116],{"class":67},[53,37849,1592],{"class":37015},[53,37851,7709],{"class":67},[53,37853,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862,37864],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,37855,34216],{"class":1105},[53,37857,5749],{"class":59},[53,37859,5765],{"class":63},[53,37861,279],{"class":273},[53,37863,5770],{"class":63},[53,37865,37866],{"class":273}," 0\n",[53,37868,37869],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,37870,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37872,37873,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895,37897,37899,37901],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,37874,266],{"class":59},[53,37876,64],{"class":63},[53,37878,2982],{"class":67},[53,37880,274],{"class":273},[53,37882,81],{"class":67},[53,37884,279],{"class":273},[53,37886,81],{"class":67},[53,37888,284],{"class":273},[53,37890,81],{"class":67},[53,37892,1811],{"class":273},[53,37894,81],{"class":67},[53,37896,3963],{"class":273},[53,37898,81],{"class":67},[53,37900,36996],{"class":273},[53,37902,2995],{"class":67},[53,37904,37905,37907,37909,37911,37913,37916,37918,37920],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,37906,1582],{"class":59},[53,37908,64],{"class":63},[53,37910,37007],{"class":131},[53,37912,116],{"class":67},[53,37914,37915],{"class":112},"is_even",[53,37917,81],{"class":67},[53,37919,3622],{"class":112},[53,37921,125],{"class":67},[53,37923,37924],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,37925,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,37927,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37938],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,37929,132],{"class":131},[53,37931,116],{"class":67},[53,37933,7460],{"class":550},[53,37935,116],{"class":67},[53,37937,1617],{"class":112},[53,37939,1377],{"class":67},[20,37941,772],{},[44,37943,37945],{"className":46,"code":37944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37946,37947],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37948,37949,37951,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37950,3260],{"class":67},[53,37952,300],{"class":273},[53,37954,81],{"class":67},[53,37956,1811],{"class":273},[53,37958,81],{"class":67},[53,37960,36996],{"class":273},[53,37962,2995],{"class":67},[20,37964,20127,37965,1751,37968,37970],{},[15,37966,37967],{},"is_even()",[15,37969,2963],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[39,37972,7785,37974,1154,37976],{"id":37973},"using-none-with-filter",[15,37975,849],{},[15,37977,36928],{},[20,37979,37980,37981,37983],{},"You can pass ",[15,37982,849],{}," as the first argument:",[44,37985,37987],{"className":46,"code":37986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,37988,37989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,37990,37991,37993,37995,37997,37999,38001],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,37992,36954],{"class":131},[53,37994,116],{"class":67},[53,37996,849],{"class":938},[53,37998,81],{"class":67},[53,38000,37218],{"class":112},[53,38002,125],{"class":67},[20,38004,38005,38006,6703],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[30,38007,4957],{},[20,38009,38010],{},"Falsy values include:",[193,38012,38013,38017,38022,38026],{},[196,38014,38015],{},[15,38016,1470],{},[196,38018,38019,38021],{},[15,38020,3134],{}," (empty string)",[196,38023,38024],{},[15,38025,849],{},[196,38027,38028],{},[15,38029,3035],{},[20,38031,1559],{},[44,38033,38035],{"className":46,"code":38034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38036,38037,38081,38085,38103],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38038,38039,38041,38043,38045,38047,38049,38051,38053,38055,38057,38059,38061,38063,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38040,7144],{"class":59},[53,38042,64],{"class":63},[53,38044,2982],{"class":67},[53,38046,1470],{"class":273},[53,38048,81],{"class":67},[53,38050,4858],{"class":273},[53,38052,81],{"class":67},[53,38054,5488],{"class":71},[53,38056,81],{"class":67},[53,38058,84],{"class":71},[53,38060,3206],{"class":75},[53,38062,72],{"class":71},[53,38064,81],{"class":67},[53,38066,3213],{"class":938},[53,38068,81],{"class":67},[53,38070,3276],{"class":938},[53,38072,81],{"class":67},[53,38074,3267],{"class":938},[53,38076,81],{"class":67},[53,38078,3963],{"class":273},[53,38080,2995],{"class":67},[53,38082,38083],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38084,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38086,38087,38089,38091,38093,38095,38097,38099,38101],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,38088,1582],{"class":59},[53,38090,64],{"class":63},[53,38092,37007],{"class":131},[53,38094,116],{"class":67},[53,38096,849],{"class":938},[53,38098,81],{"class":67},[53,38100,5327],{"class":112},[53,38102,125],{"class":67},[53,38104,38105,38107,38109,38111,38113,38115],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,38106,132],{"class":131},[53,38108,116],{"class":67},[53,38110,7460],{"class":550},[53,38112,116],{"class":67},[53,38114,1617],{"class":112},[53,38116,1377],{"class":67},[20,38118,772],{},[44,38120,38122],{"className":46,"code":38121,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38123,38124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38125,38126,38128,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38127,3260],{"class":67},[53,38129,274],{"class":273},[53,38131,81],{"class":67},[53,38133,165],{"class":71},[53,38135,3206],{"class":75},[53,38137,156],{"class":71},[53,38139,81],{"class":67},[53,38141,3276],{"class":938},[53,38143,81],{"class":67},[53,38145,3963],{"class":273},[53,38147,2995],{"class":67},[20,38149,38150],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[39,38152,4319,38154],{"id":38153},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38155,36928],{},[20,38157,174,38158,38160],{},[15,38159,36928],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38162,38163],{},"It works well for:",[193,38165,38166,38169,38172],{},[196,38167,38168],{},"simple filtering rules",[196,38170,38171],{},"quick data cleaning",[196,38173,38174],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38176,1559],{},[44,38178,38180],{"className":46,"code":38179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38181,38182,38214,38247,38251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38183,38184,38186,38188,38190,38192,38194,38196,38198,38200,38202,38204,38206,38208,38210,38212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38185,266],{"class":59},[53,38187,64],{"class":63},[53,38189,2982],{"class":67},[53,38191,274],{"class":273},[53,38193,81],{"class":67},[53,38195,279],{"class":273},[53,38197,81],{"class":67},[53,38199,284],{"class":273},[53,38201,81],{"class":67},[53,38203,1811],{"class":273},[53,38205,81],{"class":67},[53,38207,3963],{"class":273},[53,38209,81],{"class":67},[53,38211,36996],{"class":273},[53,38213,2995],{"class":67},[53,38215,38216,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229,38231,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38217,38218],{"class":59},"evens ",[53,38220,64],{"class":63},[53,38222,37007],{"class":131},[53,38224,116],{"class":67},[53,38226,37012],{"class":1415},[53,38228,37016],{"class":37015},[53,38230,191],{"class":67},[53,38232,3240],{"class":112},[53,38234,5765],{"class":63},[53,38236,279],{"class":273},[53,38238,5770],{"class":63},[53,38240,3194],{"class":273},[53,38242,81],{"class":67},[53,38244,3622],{"class":112},[53,38246,125],{"class":67},[53,38248,38249],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,38250,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38252,38253,38255,38257,38259,38261,38264],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,38254,132],{"class":131},[53,38256,116],{"class":67},[53,38258,7460],{"class":550},[53,38260,116],{"class":67},[53,38262,38263],{"class":112},"evens",[53,38265,1377],{"class":67},[20,38267,772],{},[44,38269,38270],{"className":46,"code":37944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38271,38272],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38273,38274,38276,38278,38280,38282,38284,38286],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38275,3260],{"class":67},[53,38277,300],{"class":273},[53,38279,81],{"class":67},[53,38281,1811],{"class":273},[53,38283,81],{"class":67},[53,38285,36996],{"class":273},[53,38287,2995],{"class":67},[20,38289,38290,38291,38293],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38292,5319],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[44,38295,38297],{"className":46,"code":38296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38298,38299,38331,38339,38343,38355,38371,38386,38390],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38300,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38302,266],{"class":59},[53,38304,64],{"class":63},[53,38306,2982],{"class":67},[53,38308,274],{"class":273},[53,38310,81],{"class":67},[53,38312,279],{"class":273},[53,38314,81],{"class":67},[53,38316,284],{"class":273},[53,38318,81],{"class":67},[53,38320,1811],{"class":273},[53,38322,81],{"class":67},[53,38324,3963],{"class":273},[53,38326,81],{"class":67},[53,38328,36996],{"class":273},[53,38330,2995],{"class":67},[53,38332,38333,38335,38337],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38334,38218],{"class":59},[53,38336,64],{"class":63},[53,38338,7204],{"class":67},[53,38340,38341],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,38342,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38344,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,38346,5319],{"class":1105},[53,38348,5749],{"class":59},[53,38350,1067],{"class":1105},[53,38352,3622],{"class":59},[53,38354,1120],{"class":67},[53,38356,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365,38367,38369],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,38358,5760],{"class":1105},[53,38360,5749],{"class":59},[53,38362,5765],{"class":63},[53,38364,279],{"class":273},[53,38366,5770],{"class":63},[53,38368,3194],{"class":273},[53,38370,1120],{"class":67},[53,38372,38373,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,38374,38375],{"class":59},"        evens",[53,38377,37],{"class":67},[53,38379,12912],{"class":112},[53,38381,116],{"class":67},[53,38383,1592],{"class":112},[53,38385,125],{"class":67},[53,38387,38388],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,38389,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38391,38392,38394,38396,38398],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,38393,132],{"class":131},[53,38395,116],{"class":67},[53,38397,38263],{"class":112},[53,38399,125],{"class":67},[20,38401,772],{},[44,38403,38404],{"className":46,"code":37944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38405,38406],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38407,38408,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38409,3260],{"class":67},[53,38411,300],{"class":273},[53,38413,81],{"class":67},[53,38415,1811],{"class":273},[53,38417,81],{"class":67},[53,38419,36996],{"class":273},[53,38421,2995],{"class":67},[20,38423,38424],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[44,38426,38428],{"className":46,"code":38427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38429,38430,38462,38495,38499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38431,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454,38456,38458,38460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38433,266],{"class":59},[53,38435,64],{"class":63},[53,38437,2982],{"class":67},[53,38439,274],{"class":273},[53,38441,81],{"class":67},[53,38443,279],{"class":273},[53,38445,81],{"class":67},[53,38447,284],{"class":273},[53,38449,81],{"class":67},[53,38451,1811],{"class":273},[53,38453,81],{"class":67},[53,38455,3963],{"class":273},[53,38457,81],{"class":67},[53,38459,36996],{"class":273},[53,38461,2995],{"class":67},[53,38463,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38481,38483,38485,38487,38489,38491,38493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38465,38218],{"class":59},[53,38467,64],{"class":63},[53,38469,2982],{"class":67},[53,38471,1569],{"class":59},[53,38473,5319],{"class":1105},[53,38475,5749],{"class":59},[53,38477,1067],{"class":1105},[53,38479,38480],{"class":59}," numbers ",[53,38482,1106],{"class":1105},[53,38484,5749],{"class":59},[53,38486,5765],{"class":63},[53,38488,279],{"class":273},[53,38490,5770],{"class":63},[53,38492,3194],{"class":273},[53,38494,2995],{"class":67},[53,38496,38497],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,38498,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38500,38501,38503,38505,38507],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,38502,132],{"class":131},[53,38504,116],{"class":67},[53,38506,38263],{"class":112},[53,38508,125],{"class":67},[20,38510,772],{},[44,38512,38513],{"className":46,"code":37944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38514,38515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38516,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38518,3260],{"class":67},[53,38520,300],{"class":273},[53,38522,81],{"class":67},[53,38524,1811],{"class":273},[53,38526,81],{"class":67},[53,38528,36996],{"class":273},[53,38530,2995],{"class":67},[20,38532,38533,38534,37],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[464,38535,38537],{"href":38536},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[39,38539,2185],{"id":2184},[20,38541,14093,38542,37],{},[15,38543,36928],{},[599,38545,838,38547,38549],{"id":38546},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38548,36928],{}," to return a list",[20,38551,38552],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[44,38554,38556],{"className":46,"code":38555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38557,38558,38600],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38559,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586,38588,38590,38592,38594,38596,38598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38561,1582],{"class":59},[53,38563,64],{"class":63},[53,38565,37007],{"class":131},[53,38567,116],{"class":67},[53,38569,37012],{"class":1415},[53,38571,37016],{"class":37015},[53,38573,191],{"class":67},[53,38575,3240],{"class":112},[53,38577,3611],{"class":63},[53,38579,279],{"class":273},[53,38581,81],{"class":67},[53,38583,2982],{"class":67},[53,38585,274],{"class":273},[53,38587,81],{"class":67},[53,38589,279],{"class":273},[53,38591,81],{"class":67},[53,38593,284],{"class":273},[53,38595,81],{"class":67},[53,38597,1811],{"class":273},[53,38599,3248],{"class":67},[53,38601,38602,38604,38606,38608],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38603,132],{"class":131},[53,38605,116],{"class":67},[53,38607,1617],{"class":112},[53,38609,125],{"class":67},[20,38611,38612],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38614,38615],{},"Fix:",[44,38617,38619],{"className":46,"code":38618,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38620,38621,38663],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38622,38623,38625,38627,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653,38655,38657,38659,38661],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38624,1582],{"class":59},[53,38626,64],{"class":63},[53,38628,37007],{"class":131},[53,38630,116],{"class":67},[53,38632,37012],{"class":1415},[53,38634,37016],{"class":37015},[53,38636,191],{"class":67},[53,38638,3240],{"class":112},[53,38640,3611],{"class":63},[53,38642,279],{"class":273},[53,38644,81],{"class":67},[53,38646,2982],{"class":67},[53,38648,274],{"class":273},[53,38650,81],{"class":67},[53,38652,279],{"class":273},[53,38654,81],{"class":67},[53,38656,284],{"class":273},[53,38658,81],{"class":67},[53,38660,1811],{"class":273},[53,38662,3248],{"class":67},[53,38664,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38666,132],{"class":131},[53,38668,116],{"class":67},[53,38670,7460],{"class":550},[53,38672,116],{"class":67},[53,38674,1617],{"class":112},[53,38676,1377],{"class":67},[599,38678,38680,38681,1219,38683,38685],{"id":38679},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38682,2963],{},[15,38684,3035],{}," clearly",[20,38687,38688],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38690,38691],{},"Good example:",[44,38693,38695],{"className":46,"code":38694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38696,38697,38710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38698,38699,38701,38704,38706,38708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38700,34205],{"class":1415},[53,38702,38703],{"class":34208}," is_positive",[53,38705,116],{"class":67},[53,38707,1592],{"class":37015},[53,38709,7709],{"class":67},[53,38711,38712,38714,38716,38718],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38713,34216],{"class":1105},[53,38715,5749],{"class":59},[53,38717,3611],{"class":63},[53,38719,37866],{"class":273},[20,38721,38722],{},"Then use it with:",[44,38724,38726],{"className":46,"code":38725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38727,38728,38760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38729,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38731,266],{"class":59},[53,38733,64],{"class":63},[53,38735,2982],{"class":67},[53,38737,1371],{"class":63},[53,38739,300],{"class":273},[53,38741,81],{"class":67},[53,38743,1574],{"class":63},[53,38745,274],{"class":273},[53,38747,81],{"class":67},[53,38749,3194],{"class":273},[53,38751,81],{"class":67},[53,38753,4858],{"class":273},[53,38755,81],{"class":67},[53,38757,279],{"class":273},[53,38759,2995],{"class":67},[53,38761,38762,38764,38766,38768,38770,38772,38774,38777,38779,38781],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38763,132],{"class":131},[53,38765,116],{"class":67},[53,38767,7460],{"class":550},[53,38769,116],{"class":67},[53,38771,36954],{"class":131},[53,38773,116],{"class":67},[53,38775,38776],{"class":112},"is_positive",[53,38778,81],{"class":67},[53,38780,3622],{"class":112},[53,38782,2267],{"class":67},[20,38784,772],{},[44,38786,38788],{"className":46,"code":38787,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2]\n",[15,38789,38790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38791,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38793,3260],{"class":67},[53,38795,274],{"class":273},[53,38797,81],{"class":67},[53,38799,279],{"class":273},[53,38801,2995],{"class":67},[599,38803,38805],{"id":38804},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,38807,38808],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[44,38810,38811],{"className":46,"code":37550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38812,38813,38855,38859,38873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38814,38815,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38816,1582],{"class":59},[53,38818,64],{"class":63},[53,38820,37007],{"class":131},[53,38822,116],{"class":67},[53,38824,37012],{"class":1415},[53,38826,37016],{"class":37015},[53,38828,191],{"class":67},[53,38830,3240],{"class":112},[53,38832,3611],{"class":63},[53,38834,279],{"class":273},[53,38836,81],{"class":67},[53,38838,2982],{"class":67},[53,38840,274],{"class":273},[53,38842,81],{"class":67},[53,38844,279],{"class":273},[53,38846,81],{"class":67},[53,38848,284],{"class":273},[53,38850,81],{"class":67},[53,38852,1811],{"class":273},[53,38854,3248],{"class":67},[53,38856,38857],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38858,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38860,38861,38863,38865,38867,38869,38871],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,38862,132],{"class":131},[53,38864,116],{"class":67},[53,38866,7460],{"class":550},[53,38868,116],{"class":67},[53,38870,1617],{"class":112},[53,38872,1377],{"class":67},[53,38874,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,38876,132],{"class":131},[53,38878,116],{"class":67},[53,38880,7460],{"class":550},[53,38882,116],{"class":67},[53,38884,1617],{"class":112},[53,38886,1377],{"class":67},[20,38888,772],{},[44,38890,38891],{"className":46,"code":37631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,38892,38893,38905],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38894,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38896,3260],{"class":67},[53,38898,1412],{"class":273},[53,38900,81],{"class":67},[53,38902,1811],{"class":273},[53,38904,2995],{"class":67},[53,38906,38907],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38908,37650],{"class":67},[20,38910,38911],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[44,38913,38915],{"className":46,"code":38914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,38916,38917,38963,38967,38977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,38918,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959,38961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,38920,1582],{"class":59},[53,38922,64],{"class":63},[53,38924,21913],{"class":550},[53,38926,116],{"class":67},[53,38928,36954],{"class":131},[53,38930,116],{"class":67},[53,38932,37012],{"class":1415},[53,38934,37016],{"class":37015},[53,38936,191],{"class":67},[53,38938,3240],{"class":112},[53,38940,3611],{"class":63},[53,38942,279],{"class":273},[53,38944,81],{"class":67},[53,38946,2982],{"class":67},[53,38948,274],{"class":273},[53,38950,81],{"class":67},[53,38952,279],{"class":273},[53,38954,81],{"class":67},[53,38956,284],{"class":273},[53,38958,81],{"class":67},[53,38960,1811],{"class":273},[53,38962,2354],{"class":67},[53,38964,38965],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,38966,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,38968,38969,38971,38973,38975],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,38970,132],{"class":131},[53,38972,116],{"class":67},[53,38974,1617],{"class":112},[53,38976,125],{"class":67},[53,38978,38979,38981,38983,38985],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,38980,132],{"class":131},[53,38982,116],{"class":67},[53,38984,1617],{"class":112},[53,38986,125],{"class":67},[599,38988,38990],{"id":38989},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,38992,38993],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,38995,852],{},[44,38997,38999],{"className":46,"code":38998,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39000,39001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39002,39003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39004,38998],{"class":3024},[20,39006,39007,39008,5914],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39009,1684],{},[20,39011,941],{},[44,39013,39015],{"className":46,"code":39014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39016,39017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39018,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39033,39035,39037,39039,39041,39043,39045,39047,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057,39059,39061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39020,132],{"class":131},[53,39022,116],{"class":67},[53,39024,7460],{"class":550},[53,39026,116],{"class":67},[53,39028,36954],{"class":131},[53,39030,116],{"class":67},[53,39032,37012],{"class":1415},[53,39034,37016],{"class":37015},[53,39036,191],{"class":67},[53,39038,3240],{"class":112},[53,39040,3611],{"class":63},[53,39042,279],{"class":273},[53,39044,81],{"class":67},[53,39046,2982],{"class":67},[53,39048,274],{"class":273},[53,39050,81],{"class":67},[53,39052,279],{"class":273},[53,39054,81],{"class":67},[53,39056,284],{"class":273},[53,39058,81],{"class":67},[53,39060,1811],{"class":273},[53,39062,36617],{"class":67},[599,39064,1151,39066,1154,39068],{"id":39065},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39067,36928],{},[15,39069,39070],{},"map()",[193,39072,39073,39078],{},[196,39074,39075,39077],{},[15,39076,36928],{}," keeps or removes items",[196,39079,39080,39082],{},[15,39081,39070],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39084,39085,39086,191],{},"Example of ",[15,39087,36928],{},[44,39089,39091],{"className":46,"code":39090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39092,39093,39117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39094,39095,39097,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39096,266],{"class":59},[53,39098,64],{"class":63},[53,39100,2982],{"class":67},[53,39102,274],{"class":273},[53,39104,81],{"class":67},[53,39106,279],{"class":273},[53,39108,81],{"class":67},[53,39110,284],{"class":273},[53,39112,81],{"class":67},[53,39114,1811],{"class":273},[53,39116,2995],{"class":67},[53,39118,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145,39147],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39120,132],{"class":131},[53,39122,116],{"class":67},[53,39124,7460],{"class":550},[53,39126,116],{"class":67},[53,39128,36954],{"class":131},[53,39130,116],{"class":67},[53,39132,37012],{"class":1415},[53,39134,37016],{"class":37015},[53,39136,191],{"class":67},[53,39138,3240],{"class":112},[53,39140,3611],{"class":63},[53,39142,279],{"class":273},[53,39144,81],{"class":67},[53,39146,3622],{"class":112},[53,39148,2267],{"class":67},[20,39150,772],{},[44,39152,39154],{"className":46,"code":39153,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39155,39156],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39157,39158,39160,39162,39164,39166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39159,3260],{"class":67},[53,39161,1412],{"class":273},[53,39163,81],{"class":67},[53,39165,1811],{"class":273},[53,39167,2995],{"class":67},[20,39169,39085,39170,191],{},[15,39171,39070],{},[44,39173,39175],{"className":46,"code":39174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39176,39177,39201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39180,266],{"class":59},[53,39182,64],{"class":63},[53,39184,2982],{"class":67},[53,39186,274],{"class":273},[53,39188,81],{"class":67},[53,39190,279],{"class":273},[53,39192,81],{"class":67},[53,39194,284],{"class":273},[53,39196,81],{"class":67},[53,39198,1811],{"class":273},[53,39200,2995],{"class":67},[53,39202,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39214,39216,39218,39220,39222,39224,39227,39229,39231,39233],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39204,132],{"class":131},[53,39206,116],{"class":67},[53,39208,7460],{"class":550},[53,39210,116],{"class":67},[53,39212,39213],{"class":131},"map",[53,39215,116],{"class":67},[53,39217,37012],{"class":1415},[53,39219,37016],{"class":37015},[53,39221,191],{"class":67},[53,39223,3240],{"class":112},[53,39225,39226],{"class":63},"*",[53,39228,279],{"class":273},[53,39230,81],{"class":67},[53,39232,3622],{"class":112},[53,39234,2267],{"class":67},[20,39236,772],{},[44,39238,39240],{"className":46,"code":39239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39241,39242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39243,39244,39246,39248,39250,39252,39254,39256,39258,39260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39245,3260],{"class":67},[53,39247,300],{"class":273},[53,39249,81],{"class":67},[53,39251,1811],{"class":273},[53,39253,81],{"class":67},[53,39255,36996],{"class":273},[53,39257,81],{"class":67},[53,39259,5722],{"class":273},[53,39261,2995],{"class":67},[20,39263,39264,39265,37],{},"For the related function, see ",[464,39266,2934,39268,2867],{"href":39267},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39269,39070],{},[39,39271,1187],{"id":1186},[599,39273,1191,39275,39277],{"id":39274},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39276,36928],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39279,39280,39281,39283],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39282,24135],{}," if needed.",[599,39285,39287,39288,39290],{"id":39286},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39289,36928],{}," need to return?",[20,39292,37235,39293,39295,39296,39298],{},[15,39294,2963],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39297,3035],{}," to remove it.",[599,39300,27684,39302,39304],{"id":39301},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39303,36928],{}," without lambda?",[20,39306,39307],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[599,39309,4501,39311,39314],{"id":39310},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39312,39313],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39316,39317,39318,39320,39321,16431,39323,37],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39319,1470],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39322,849],{},[15,39324,3035],{},[599,39326,1216,39328,39330],{"id":39327},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39329,36928],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39332,39333,39334,39336],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39335,5319],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39338,39339],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[193,39341,39342,39348,39354],{},[196,39343,39344,39345,39347],{},"use ",[15,39346,36928],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[196,39349,39350,39351,39353],{},"use a ",[15,39352,5319],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[196,39355,39356],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39358,39359,39360,37],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[464,39361,4491],{"href":39362},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[39,39364,1244],{"id":1243},[193,39366,39367,39372,39376,39381,39387],{},[196,39368,39369],{},[464,39370,39371],{"href":37807},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[196,39373,39374],{},[464,39375,4580],{"href":39362},[196,39377,39378],{},[464,39379,39380],{"href":38536},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[196,39382,39383],{},[464,39384,2934,39385,2867],{"href":39267},[15,39386,39070],{},[196,39388,39389],{},[464,39390,4575],{"href":4947},[1276,39392,39393],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":39395},[39396,39397,39399,39403,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39424,39436],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":37062,"depth":104,"text":39398},"What filter() does",{"id":37196,"depth":104,"text":37197,"children":39400},[39401,39402],{"id":37213,"depth":128,"text":37213},{"id":3081,"depth":128,"text":3081},{"id":37372,"depth":104,"text":37373,"children":39404},[39405],{"id":37543,"depth":128,"text":37544},{"id":37656,"depth":104,"text":39407},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":37811,"depth":104,"text":39409},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":37973,"depth":104,"text":39411},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38153,"depth":104,"text":39413},"When to use filter()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":39415},[39416,39418,39420,39421,39422],{"id":38546,"depth":128,"text":39417},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38679,"depth":128,"text":39419},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":38804,"depth":128,"text":38805},{"id":38989,"depth":128,"text":38990},{"id":39065,"depth":128,"text":39423},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":39425},[39426,39428,39430,39432,39434],{"id":39274,"depth":128,"text":39427},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39286,"depth":128,"text":39429},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39301,"depth":128,"text":39431},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39310,"depth":128,"text":39433},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39327,"depth":128,"text":39435},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":36920,"description":39437},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39444,"title":39445,"body":39446,"description":41599,"extension":1312,"meta":41600,"navigation":383,"path":41601,"seo":41602,"stem":41603,"__hash__":41604},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39447,"toc":41553},[39448,39451,39456,39462,39464,39516,39518,39537,39542,39546,39551,39554,39569,39572,39594,39596,39645,39647,39671,39673,39675,39690,39695,39703,39718,39720,39729,39732,39767,39771,39776,39780,39787,39822,39824,39840,39844,39847,39888,39890,39904,39908,39911,39935,39937,39946,39950,39953,39986,39988,40001,40005,40011,40030,40032,40040,40044,40049,40053,40059,40082,40084,40113,40116,40135,40139,40142,40169,40171,40205,40209,40212,40236,40240,40251,40253,40258,40264,40266,40350,40352,40394,40397,40401,40408,40417,40473,40480,40489,40494,40498,40569,40571,40580,40584,40587,40631,40633,40642,40646,40652,40702,40706,40711,40715,40739,40741,40750,40754,40778,40780,40791,40795,40819,40821,40830,40833,40850,40856,40860,40866,40869,40874,40877,40898,40900,40932,40935,40940,40942,40953,40955,40999,41003,41010,41062,41064,41073,41077,41080,41173,41176,41200,41204,41207,41299,41304,41308,41315,41320,41344,41346,41355,41360,41383,41385,41393,41400,41423,41431,41433,41446,41456,41458,41462,41469,41473,41482,41486,41493,41497,41501,41505,41518,41520,41550],[10,39449,39445],{"id":39450},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39452,8491,39453,39455],{},[15,39454,2239],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39457,39458,39459,39461],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39460,2239],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[39,39463,42],{"id":41},[44,39465,39467],{"className":46,"code":39466,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39468,39469,39483,39502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39470,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39472,132],{"class":131},[53,39474,116],{"class":67},[53,39476,1543],{"class":550},[53,39478,116],{"class":67},[53,39480,1487],{"class":273},[53,39482,1377],{"class":67},[53,39484,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39498,39500],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39486,132],{"class":131},[53,39488,116],{"class":67},[53,39490,1543],{"class":550},[53,39492,116],{"class":67},[53,39494,72],{"class":71},[53,39496,39497],{"class":75},"3.14",[53,39499,72],{"class":71},[53,39501,1377],{"class":67},[53,39503,39504,39506,39508,39510,39512,39514],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,39505,132],{"class":131},[53,39507,116],{"class":67},[53,39509,1543],{"class":550},[53,39511,116],{"class":67},[53,39513,2963],{"class":938},[53,39515,1377],{"class":67},[20,39517,772],{},[44,39519,39521],{"className":46,"code":39520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39522,39523,39527,39532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39524,39525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39526,1833],{"class":273},[53,39528,39529],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39530,39531],{"class":273},"3.14\n",[53,39533,39534],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,39535,39536],{"class":273},"1.0\n",[20,39538,174,39539,39541],{},[15,39540,2239],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[39,39543,39545],{"id":39544},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39547,39548,39550],{},[15,39549,2239],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39552,39553],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[193,39555,39556,39560,39564],{},[196,39557,39558],{},[15,39559,1845],{},[196,39561,39562],{},[15,39563,39497],{},[196,39565,39566],{},[15,39567,39568],{},"0.5",[20,39570,39571],{},"A few key points:",[193,39573,39574,39581,39584,39587],{},[196,39575,39576,39578,39579],{},[15,39577,2239],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39580,1543],{},[196,39582,39583],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[196,39585,39586],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[196,39588,39589,39590],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[464,39591,39592],{"href":7586},[15,39593,2313],{},[20,39595,1559],{},[44,39597,39599],{"className":46,"code":39598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39600,39601,39621,39631],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39602,39603,39605,39607,39610,39612,39614,39617,39619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39604,1569],{"class":59},[53,39606,64],{"class":63},[53,39608,39609],{"class":550}," float",[53,39611,116],{"class":67},[53,39613,72],{"class":71},[53,39615,39616],{"class":75},"2.75",[53,39618,72],{"class":71},[53,39620,125],{"class":67},[53,39622,39623,39625,39627,39629],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39624,132],{"class":131},[53,39626,116],{"class":67},[53,39628,1592],{"class":112},[53,39630,125],{"class":67},[53,39632,39633,39635,39637,39639,39641,39643],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,39634,132],{"class":131},[53,39636,116],{"class":67},[53,39638,2578],{"class":550},[53,39640,116],{"class":67},[53,39642,1592],{"class":112},[53,39644,1377],{"class":67},[20,39646,772],{},[44,39648,39650],{"className":46,"code":39649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39651,39652,39657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39653,39654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39655,39656],{"class":273},"2.75\n",[53,39658,39659,39661,39663,39665,39667,39669],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39660,2647],{"class":63},[53,39662,2650],{"class":1415},[53,39664,165],{"class":71},[53,39666,1543],{"class":75},[53,39668,156],{"class":71},[53,39670,2659],{"class":63},[39,39672,217],{"id":216},[20,39674,6581],{},[44,39676,39678],{"className":46,"code":39677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"float(value)\n",[15,39679,39680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39681,39682,39684,39686,39688],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39683,1543],{"class":550},[53,39685,116],{"class":67},[53,39687,236],{"class":112},[53,39689,125],{"class":67},[20,39691,39692,39693,37],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39694,2239],{},[20,39696,39697,39698,39700,39701,191],{},"If you call ",[15,39699,2239],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39702,3129],{},[44,39704,39706],{"className":46,"code":39705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float())\n",[15,39707,39708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39709,39710,39712,39714,39716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39711,132],{"class":131},[53,39713,116],{"class":67},[53,39715,1543],{"class":550},[53,39717,6557],{"class":67},[20,39719,772],{},[44,39721,39723],{"className":46,"code":39722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0.0\n",[15,39724,39725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39726,39727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39728,39722],{"class":273},[20,39730,39731],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[44,39733,39735],{"className":46,"code":39734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39736,39737,39757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39738,39739,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39753,39755],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39740,39741],{"class":59},"price ",[53,39743,64],{"class":63},[53,39745,39609],{"class":550},[53,39747,116],{"class":67},[53,39749,72],{"class":71},[53,39751,39752],{"class":75},"19.99",[53,39754,72],{"class":71},[53,39756,125],{"class":67},[53,39758,39759,39761,39763,39765],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39760,132],{"class":131},[53,39762,116],{"class":67},[53,39764,24504],{"class":112},[53,39766,125],{"class":67},[39,39768,39770],{"id":39769},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,39772,39773,39775],{},[15,39774,2239],{}," can convert several common value types.",[599,39777,39779],{"id":39778},"integers","Integers",[20,39781,39782,39783,39786],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,39784,39785],{},".0"," added:",[44,39788,39790],{"className":46,"code":39789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,39791,39792,39806],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39793,39794,39796,39798,39800,39802,39804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39795,132],{"class":131},[53,39797,116],{"class":67},[53,39799,1543],{"class":550},[53,39801,116],{"class":67},[53,39803,1487],{"class":273},[53,39805,1377],{"class":67},[53,39807,39808,39810,39812,39814,39816,39818,39820],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39809,132],{"class":131},[53,39811,116],{"class":67},[53,39813,1543],{"class":550},[53,39815,116],{"class":67},[53,39817,1371],{"class":63},[53,39819,300],{"class":273},[53,39821,1377],{"class":67},[20,39823,772],{},[44,39825,39827],{"className":46,"code":39826,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,39828,39829,39833],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39830,39831],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39832,1833],{"class":273},[53,39834,39835,39837],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39836,1371],{"class":63},[53,39838,39839],{"class":273},"2.0\n",[599,39841,39843],{"id":39842},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,39845,39846],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[44,39848,39850],{"className":46,"code":39849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,39851,39852,39870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39853,39854,39856,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39855,132],{"class":131},[53,39857,116],{"class":67},[53,39859,1543],{"class":550},[53,39861,116],{"class":67},[53,39863,72],{"class":71},[53,39865,39497],{"class":75},[53,39867,72],{"class":71},[53,39869,1377],{"class":67},[53,39871,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39873,132],{"class":131},[53,39875,116],{"class":67},[53,39877,1543],{"class":550},[53,39879,116],{"class":67},[53,39881,72],{"class":71},[53,39883,1684],{"class":75},[53,39885,72],{"class":71},[53,39887,1377],{"class":67},[20,39889,772],{},[44,39891,39893],{"className":46,"code":39892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,39894,39895,39899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39896,39897],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39898,39531],{"class":273},[53,39900,39901],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39902,39903],{"class":273},"10.0\n",[599,39905,39907],{"id":39906},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,39909,39910],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[44,39912,39914],{"className":46,"code":39913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,39915,39916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39917,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39931,39933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39919,132],{"class":131},[53,39921,116],{"class":67},[53,39923,1543],{"class":550},[53,39925,116],{"class":67},[53,39927,72],{"class":71},[53,39929,39930],{"class":75},"  8.5  ",[53,39932,72],{"class":71},[53,39934,1377],{"class":67},[20,39936,772],{},[44,39938,39940],{"className":46,"code":39939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8.5\n",[15,39941,39942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39943,39944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39945,39939],{"class":273},[599,39947,39949],{"id":39948},"booleans","Booleans",[20,39951,39952],{},"Boolean values also work:",[44,39954,39956],{"className":46,"code":39955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,39957,39958,39972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39959,39960,39962,39964,39966,39968,39970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39961,132],{"class":131},[53,39963,116],{"class":67},[53,39965,1543],{"class":550},[53,39967,116],{"class":67},[53,39969,2963],{"class":938},[53,39971,1377],{"class":67},[53,39973,39974,39976,39978,39980,39982,39984],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,39975,132],{"class":131},[53,39977,116],{"class":67},[53,39979,1543],{"class":550},[53,39981,116],{"class":67},[53,39983,3035],{"class":938},[53,39985,1377],{"class":67},[20,39987,772],{},[44,39989,39991],{"className":46,"code":39990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,39992,39993,39997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,39994,39995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,39996,39536],{"class":273},[53,39998,39999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40000,39722],{"class":273},[599,40002,40004],{"id":40003},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40006,40007,40008,40010],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40009,2239],{}," returns a float version of it:",[44,40012,40014],{"className":46,"code":40013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40015,40016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40017,40018,40020,40022,40024,40026,40028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40019,132],{"class":131},[53,40021,116],{"class":67},[53,40023,1543],{"class":550},[53,40025,116],{"class":67},[53,40027,1716],{"class":273},[53,40029,1377],{"class":67},[20,40031,772],{},[44,40033,40034],{"className":46,"code":1740,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,40035,40036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40037,40038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40039,1740],{"class":273},[39,40041,40043],{"id":40042},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40045,40046,40047,37],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40048,2239],{},[599,40050,40052],{"id":40051},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40054,40055,40056,191],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40057,40058],{},"ValueError",[44,40060,40062],{"className":46,"code":40061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40063,40064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40065,40066,40068,40070,40072,40074,40076,40078,40080],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40067,132],{"class":131},[53,40069,116],{"class":67},[53,40071,1543],{"class":550},[53,40073,116],{"class":67},[53,40075,72],{"class":71},[53,40077,3206],{"class":75},[53,40079,72],{"class":71},[53,40081,1377],{"class":67},[20,40083,29037],{},[44,40085,40087],{"className":46,"code":40086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40088,40089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40090,40091,40093,40095,40098,40100,40103,40105,40107,40109,40111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40092,40058],{"class":550},[53,40094,191],{"class":67},[53,40096,40097],{"class":59}," could ",[53,40099,461],{"class":63},[53,40101,40102],{"class":59}," convert string to ",[53,40104,1543],{"class":550},[53,40106,191],{"class":67},[53,40108,165],{"class":71},[53,40110,3206],{"class":75},[53,40112,559],{"class":71},[20,40114,40115],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[44,40117,40119],{"className":46,"code":40118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40120,40121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40122,40123,40125,40127,40129,40131,40133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40124,132],{"class":131},[53,40126,116],{"class":67},[53,40128,1543],{"class":550},[53,40130,116],{"class":67},[53,40132,5634],{"class":71},[53,40134,1377],{"class":67},[599,40136,40138],{"id":40137},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40140,40141],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[44,40143,40145],{"className":46,"code":40144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40146,40147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40148,40149,40151,40153,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40150,132],{"class":131},[53,40152,116],{"class":67},[53,40154,1543],{"class":550},[53,40156,2341],{"class":67},[53,40158,274],{"class":273},[53,40160,81],{"class":67},[53,40162,279],{"class":273},[53,40164,81],{"class":67},[53,40166,284],{"class":273},[53,40168,2354],{"class":67},[20,40170,29037],{},[44,40172,40174],{"className":46,"code":40173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40175,40176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40177,40178,40180,40182,40184,40186,40189,40192,40195,40197,40199,40201,40203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40179,2360],{"class":550},[53,40181,191],{"class":67},[53,40183,39609],{"class":550},[53,40185,6729],{"class":67},[53,40187,40188],{"class":59}," argument must be a string ",[53,40190,40191],{"class":63},"or",[53,40193,40194],{"class":59}," a real number",[53,40196,81],{"class":67},[53,40198,7466],{"class":63},[53,40200,165],{"class":71},[53,40202,7460],{"class":75},[53,40204,559],{"class":71},[599,40206,40208],{"id":40207},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40210,40211],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[44,40213,40215],{"className":46,"code":40214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40216,40217],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40218,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227,40229,40232,40234],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40220,132],{"class":131},[53,40222,116],{"class":67},[53,40224,1543],{"class":550},[53,40226,116],{"class":67},[53,40228,72],{"class":71},[53,40230,40231],{"class":75},"3,14",[53,40233,72],{"class":71},[53,40235,1377],{"class":67},[20,40237,2357,40238,37],{},[15,40239,40058],{},[20,40241,40242,40243,594,40247,37],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[464,40244,40246],{"href":40245},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[464,40248,40250],{"href":40249},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[39,40252,16778],{"id":16777},[20,40254,40255,40257],{},[15,40256,2239],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40259,40260,40261,40263],{},"It does ",[30,40262,461],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40265,1559],{},[44,40267,40269],{"className":46,"code":40268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40270,40271,40284,40298,40302,40312,40322,40336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40272,40273,40275,40277,40279,40282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40274,34042],{"class":59},[53,40276,64],{"class":63},[53,40278,84],{"class":71},[53,40280,40281],{"class":75},"6.5",[53,40283,2715],{"class":71},[53,40285,40286,40288,40290,40292,40294,40296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40287,1569],{"class":59},[53,40289,64],{"class":63},[53,40291,39609],{"class":550},[53,40293,116],{"class":67},[53,40295,34063],{"class":112},[53,40297,125],{"class":67},[53,40299,40300],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,40301,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,40303,40304,40306,40308,40310],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,40305,132],{"class":131},[53,40307,116],{"class":67},[53,40309,34063],{"class":112},[53,40311,125],{"class":67},[53,40313,40314,40316,40318,40320],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,40315,132],{"class":131},[53,40317,116],{"class":67},[53,40319,1592],{"class":112},[53,40321,125],{"class":67},[53,40323,40324,40326,40328,40330,40332,40334],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,40325,132],{"class":131},[53,40327,116],{"class":67},[53,40329,2578],{"class":550},[53,40331,116],{"class":67},[53,40333,34063],{"class":112},[53,40335,1377],{"class":67},[53,40337,40338,40340,40342,40344,40346,40348],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,40339,132],{"class":131},[53,40341,116],{"class":67},[53,40343,2578],{"class":550},[53,40345,116],{"class":67},[53,40347,1592],{"class":112},[53,40349,1377],{"class":67},[20,40351,772],{},[44,40353,40355],{"className":46,"code":40354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40356,40357,40362,40366,40380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40358,40359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40360,40361],{"class":273},"6.5\n",[53,40363,40364],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40365,40361],{"class":273},[53,40367,40368,40370,40372,40374,40376,40378],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,40369,2647],{"class":63},[53,40371,2650],{"class":1415},[53,40373,165],{"class":71},[53,40375,2801],{"class":75},[53,40377,156],{"class":71},[53,40379,2659],{"class":63},[53,40381,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390,40392],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,40383,2647],{"class":63},[53,40385,2650],{"class":1415},[53,40387,165],{"class":71},[53,40389,1543],{"class":75},[53,40391,156],{"class":71},[53,40393,2659],{"class":63},[20,40395,40396],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[39,40398,40400],{"id":40399},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[599,40402,40404,40405,40407],{"id":40403},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40406,2313],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40409,1329,40410,40414,40415,37],{},[464,40411,40412,1656],{"href":7586},[15,40413,2313],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40416,2239],{},[44,40418,40420],{"className":46,"code":40419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40421,40422,40441,40455,40459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40423,40424,40426,40428,40430,40432,40434,40437,40439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40425,7604],{"class":59},[53,40427,64],{"class":63},[53,40429,7609],{"class":131},[53,40431,116],{"class":67},[53,40433,72],{"class":71},[53,40435,40436],{"class":75},"Enter a price: ",[53,40438,72],{"class":71},[53,40440,125],{"class":67},[53,40442,40443,40445,40447,40449,40451,40453],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40444,39741],{"class":59},[53,40446,64],{"class":63},[53,40448,39609],{"class":550},[53,40450,116],{"class":67},[53,40452,7633],{"class":112},[53,40454,125],{"class":67},[53,40456,40457],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,40458,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,40460,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,40462,132],{"class":131},[53,40464,116],{"class":67},[53,40466,39741],{"class":112},[53,40468,39226],{"class":63},[53,40470,279],{"class":273},[53,40472,125],{"class":67},[20,40474,40475,40476,40479],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40477,40478],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[44,40481,40483],{"className":46,"code":40482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"9.0\n",[15,40484,40485],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40486,40487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40488,40482],{"class":273},[20,40490,40491,40492,37],{},"For more help with this, see ",[464,40493,8349],{"href":8348},[599,40495,40497],{"id":40496},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[44,40499,40501],{"className":46,"code":40500,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40502,40503,40516,40529,40533,40558],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40504,40505,40507,40509,40511,40514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40506,1908],{"class":59},[53,40508,64],{"class":63},[53,40510,84],{"class":71},[53,40512,40513],{"class":75},"2.5",[53,40515,2715],{"class":71},[53,40517,40518,40520,40522,40524,40527],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40519,1936],{"class":59},[53,40521,64],{"class":63},[53,40523,84],{"class":71},[53,40525,40526],{"class":75},"1.5",[53,40528,2715],{"class":71},[53,40530,40531],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,40532,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,40534,40535,40538,40540,40542,40544,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,40536,40537],{"class":59},"total ",[53,40539,64],{"class":63},[53,40541,39609],{"class":550},[53,40543,116],{"class":67},[53,40545,464],{"class":112},[53,40547,3021],{"class":67},[53,40549,1808],{"class":63},[53,40551,39609],{"class":550},[53,40553,116],{"class":67},[53,40555,637],{"class":112},[53,40557,125],{"class":67},[53,40559,40560,40562,40564,40567],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,40561,132],{"class":131},[53,40563,116],{"class":67},[53,40565,40566],{"class":112},"total",[53,40568,125],{"class":67},[20,40570,772],{},[44,40572,40574],{"className":46,"code":40573,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4.0\n",[15,40575,40576],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40577,40578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40579,40573],{"class":273},[599,40581,40583],{"id":40582},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40585,40586],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[44,40588,40590],{"className":46,"code":40589,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40591,40592,40602,40617,40621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40593,40594,40597,40599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40595,40596],{"class":59},"count ",[53,40598,64],{"class":63},[53,40600,40601],{"class":273}," 7\n",[53,40603,40604,40606,40608,40610,40612,40615],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40605,1582],{"class":59},[53,40607,64],{"class":63},[53,40609,39609],{"class":550},[53,40611,116],{"class":67},[53,40613,40614],{"class":112},"count",[53,40616,125],{"class":67},[53,40618,40619],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,40620,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,40622,40623,40625,40627,40629],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,40624,132],{"class":131},[53,40626,116],{"class":67},[53,40628,1617],{"class":112},[53,40630,125],{"class":67},[20,40632,772],{},[44,40634,40636],{"className":46,"code":40635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.0\n",[15,40637,40638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40639,40640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40641,40635],{"class":273},[599,40643,40645],{"id":40644},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40647,40648,40649,40651],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40650,2239],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[44,40653,40655],{"className":46,"code":40654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40656,40657,40671,40687,40691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40658,40659,40662,40664,40666,40669],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40660,40661],{"class":59},"temperature_text ",[53,40663,64],{"class":63},[53,40665,84],{"class":71},[53,40667,40668],{"class":75},"21.8",[53,40670,2715],{"class":71},[53,40672,40673,40676,40678,40680,40682,40685],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40674,40675],{"class":59},"temperature ",[53,40677,64],{"class":63},[53,40679,39609],{"class":550},[53,40681,116],{"class":67},[53,40683,40684],{"class":112},"temperature_text",[53,40686,125],{"class":67},[53,40688,40689],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,40690,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,40692,40693,40695,40697,40700],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,40694,132],{"class":131},[53,40696,116],{"class":67},[53,40698,40699],{"class":112},"temperature",[53,40701,125],{"class":67},[39,40703,40705],{"id":40704},"special-values","Special values",[20,40707,40708,40710],{},[15,40709,2239],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[599,40712,40714],{"id":40713},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[44,40716,40718],{"className":46,"code":40717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40719,40720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40721,40722,40724,40726,40728,40730,40732,40735,40737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40723,132],{"class":131},[53,40725,116],{"class":67},[53,40727,1543],{"class":550},[53,40729,116],{"class":67},[53,40731,72],{"class":71},[53,40733,40734],{"class":75},"inf",[53,40736,72],{"class":71},[53,40738,1377],{"class":67},[20,40740,772],{},[44,40742,40744],{"className":46,"code":40743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"inf\n",[15,40745,40746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40747,40748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40749,40743],{"class":59},[599,40751,40753],{"id":40752},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[44,40755,40757],{"className":46,"code":40756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,40758,40759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40760,40761,40763,40765,40767,40769,40771,40774,40776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40762,132],{"class":131},[53,40764,116],{"class":67},[53,40766,1543],{"class":550},[53,40768,116],{"class":67},[53,40770,72],{"class":71},[53,40772,40773],{"class":75},"-inf",[53,40775,72],{"class":71},[53,40777,1377],{"class":67},[20,40779,772],{},[44,40781,40783],{"className":46,"code":40782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"-inf\n",[15,40784,40785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40786,40787,40789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40788,1371],{"class":63},[53,40790,40743],{"class":59},[599,40792,40794],{"id":40793},"not-a-number","Not a number",[44,40796,40798],{"className":46,"code":40797,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,40799,40800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40801,40802,40804,40806,40808,40810,40812,40815,40817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40803,132],{"class":131},[53,40805,116],{"class":67},[53,40807,1543],{"class":550},[53,40809,116],{"class":67},[53,40811,72],{"class":71},[53,40813,40814],{"class":75},"nan",[53,40816,72],{"class":71},[53,40818,1377],{"class":67},[20,40820,772],{},[44,40822,40824],{"className":46,"code":40823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nan\n",[15,40825,40826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40827,40828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40829,40823],{"class":59},[20,40831,40832],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[193,40834,40835,40840,40845],{},[196,40836,40837,40839],{},[15,40838,40734],{}," means positive infinity",[196,40841,40842,40844],{},[15,40843,40773],{}," means negative infinity",[196,40846,40847,40849],{},[15,40848,40814],{}," means “not a number”",[20,40851,40852,40853,40855],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,40854,2239],{}," accepts them.",[39,40857,40859],{"id":40858},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,40861,40862,40863,40865],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,40864,2239],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[599,40867,40058],{"id":40868},"valueerror",[20,40870,14549,40871,40873],{},[15,40872,40058],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,40875,40876],{},"Common causes:",[193,40878,40879,40885,40888,40891],{},[196,40880,40881,40882],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,40883,40884],{},"\"abc\"",[196,40886,40887],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[196,40889,40890],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[196,40892,4062,40893],{},[464,40894,40895,40897],{"href":7586},[15,40896,2313],{}," returns a string",[20,40899,1559],{},[44,40901,40903],{"className":46,"code":40902,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40904,40905,40918],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40906,40907,40909,40911,40913,40916],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40908,1801],{"class":59},[53,40910,64],{"class":63},[53,40912,84],{"class":71},[53,40914,40915],{"class":75},"abc",[53,40917,2715],{"class":71},[53,40919,40920,40922,40924,40926,40928,40930],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40921,132],{"class":131},[53,40923,116],{"class":67},[53,40925,1543],{"class":550},[53,40927,116],{"class":67},[53,40929,236],{"class":112},[53,40931,1377],{"class":67},[599,40933,2360],{"id":40934},"typeerror",[20,40936,14549,40937,40939],{},[15,40938,2360],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,40941,40876],{},[193,40943,40944,40947,40950],{},[196,40945,40946],{},"Passing a list",[196,40948,40949],{},"Passing a dictionary",[196,40951,40952],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,40954,1559],{},[44,40956,40958],{"className":46,"code":40957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,40959,40960,40985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,40961,40962,40964,40966,40968,40970,40972,40974,40976,40978,40981,40983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,40963,1801],{"class":59},[53,40965,64],{"class":63},[53,40967,68],{"class":67},[53,40969,72],{"class":71},[53,40971,24504],{"class":75},[53,40973,72],{"class":71},[53,40975,191],{"class":67},[53,40977,84],{"class":71},[53,40979,40980],{"class":75},"9.99",[53,40982,72],{"class":71},[53,40984,101],{"class":67},[53,40986,40987,40989,40991,40993,40995,40997],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,40988,132],{"class":131},[53,40990,116],{"class":67},[53,40992,1543],{"class":550},[53,40994,116],{"class":67},[53,40996,236],{"class":112},[53,40998,1377],{"class":67},[599,41000,41002],{"id":41001},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41004,41005,41006,41009],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41007,41008],{},"strip()"," can help:",[44,41011,41013],{"className":46,"code":41012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41014,41015,41028,41043,41047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41016,41017,41019,41021,41023,41026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41018,1801],{"class":59},[53,41020,64],{"class":63},[53,41022,84],{"class":71},[53,41024,41025],{"class":75},"  7.25  ",[53,41027,2715],{"class":71},[53,41029,41030,41033,41035,41037,41039,41041],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41031,41032],{"class":59},"clean_value ",[53,41034,64],{"class":63},[53,41036,7801],{"class":59},[53,41038,37],{"class":67},[53,41040,8002],{"class":112},[53,41042,8011],{"class":67},[53,41044,41045],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,41046,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,41048,41049,41051,41053,41055,41057,41060],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,41050,132],{"class":131},[53,41052,116],{"class":67},[53,41054,1543],{"class":550},[53,41056,116],{"class":67},[53,41058,41059],{"class":112},"clean_value",[53,41061,1377],{"class":67},[20,41063,772],{},[44,41065,41067],{"className":46,"code":41066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.25\n",[15,41068,41069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41070,41071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41072,41066],{"class":273},[599,41074,41076],{"id":41075},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41078,41079],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[44,41081,41083],{"className":46,"code":41082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41084,41085,41098,41102,41112,41126,41141,41145,41159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41086,41087,41089,41091,41093,41096],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41088,1801],{"class":59},[53,41090,64],{"class":63},[53,41092,84],{"class":71},[53,41094,41095],{"class":75}," 3.5 ",[53,41097,2715],{"class":71},[53,41099,41100],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41101,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,41103,41104,41106,41108,41110],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,41105,132],{"class":131},[53,41107,116],{"class":67},[53,41109,236],{"class":112},[53,41111,125],{"class":67},[53,41113,41114,41116,41118,41120,41122,41124],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,41115,132],{"class":131},[53,41117,116],{"class":67},[53,41119,2578],{"class":550},[53,41121,116],{"class":67},[53,41123,236],{"class":112},[53,41125,1377],{"class":67},[53,41127,41128,41130,41132,41135,41137,41139],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,41129,132],{"class":131},[53,41131,116],{"class":67},[53,41133,41134],{"class":131},"repr",[53,41136,116],{"class":67},[53,41138,236],{"class":112},[53,41140,1377],{"class":67},[53,41142,41143],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,41144,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,41146,41147,41149,41151,41153,41155,41157],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,41148,41032],{"class":59},[53,41150,64],{"class":63},[53,41152,7801],{"class":59},[53,41154,37],{"class":67},[53,41156,8002],{"class":112},[53,41158,8011],{"class":67},[53,41160,41161,41163,41165,41167,41169,41171],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,41162,132],{"class":131},[53,41164,116],{"class":67},[53,41166,1543],{"class":550},[53,41168,116],{"class":67},[53,41170,41059],{"class":112},[53,41172,1377],{"class":67},[20,41174,41175],{},"Why this helps:",[193,41177,41178,41184,41189,41195],{},[196,41179,41180,41183],{},[15,41181,41182],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[196,41185,41186,20723],{},[15,41187,41188],{},"print(type(value))",[196,41190,41191,41194],{},[15,41192,41193],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[196,41196,41197,41199],{},[15,41198,41008],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[599,41201,41203],{"id":41202},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41205,41206],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[44,41208,41210],{"className":46,"code":41209,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41211,41212,41231,41235,41241,41256,41275,41284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41213,41214,41216,41218,41220,41222,41224,41227,41229],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41215,1801],{"class":59},[53,41217,64],{"class":63},[53,41219,7609],{"class":131},[53,41221,116],{"class":67},[53,41223,72],{"class":71},[53,41225,41226],{"class":75},"Enter a number: ",[53,41228,72],{"class":71},[53,41230,125],{"class":67},[53,41232,41233],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41234,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,41236,41237,41239],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,41238,29159],{"class":1105},[53,41240,1120],{"class":67},[53,41242,41243,41246,41248,41250,41252,41254],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,41244,41245],{"class":59},"    number ",[53,41247,64],{"class":63},[53,41249,39609],{"class":550},[53,41251,116],{"class":67},[53,41253,236],{"class":112},[53,41255,125],{"class":67},[53,41257,41258,41260,41262,41264,41267,41269,41271,41273],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,41259,7435],{"class":131},[53,41261,116],{"class":67},[53,41263,72],{"class":71},[53,41265,41266],{"class":75},"Converted:",[53,41268,72],{"class":71},[53,41270,81],{"class":67},[53,41272,1548],{"class":112},[53,41274,125],{"class":67},[53,41276,41277,41279,41282],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,41278,29190],{"class":1105},[53,41280,41281],{"class":550}," ValueError",[53,41283,1120],{"class":67},[53,41285,41286,41288,41290,41292,41295,41297],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,41287,7435],{"class":131},[53,41289,116],{"class":67},[53,41291,72],{"class":71},[53,41293,41294],{"class":75},"That is not a valid number.",[53,41296,72],{"class":71},[53,41298,125],{"class":67},[20,41300,41301,41302,37],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[464,41303,40250],{"href":40249},[39,41305,41307],{"id":41306},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41309,9957,41310,594,41312,41314],{},[15,41311,2239],{},[15,41313,2233],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41316,41317,41319],{},[15,41318,2239],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[44,41321,41323],{"className":46,"code":41322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41324,41325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41326,41327,41329,41331,41333,41335,41337,41340,41342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41328,132],{"class":131},[53,41330,116],{"class":67},[53,41332,1543],{"class":550},[53,41334,116],{"class":67},[53,41336,72],{"class":71},[53,41338,41339],{"class":75},"3.9",[53,41341,72],{"class":71},[53,41343,1377],{"class":67},[20,41345,772],{},[44,41347,41349],{"className":46,"code":41348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.9\n",[15,41350,41351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41352,41353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41354,41348],{"class":273},[20,41356,41357,41359],{},[15,41358,2233],{}," creates whole numbers:",[44,41361,41363],{"className":46,"code":41362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41364,41365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41366,41367,41369,41371,41373,41375,41377,41379,41381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41368,132],{"class":131},[53,41370,116],{"class":67},[53,41372,1539],{"class":550},[53,41374,116],{"class":67},[53,41376,72],{"class":71},[53,41378,1684],{"class":75},[53,41380,72],{"class":71},[53,41382,1377],{"class":67},[20,41384,772],{},[44,41386,41387],{"className":46,"code":1730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,41388,41389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41390,41391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41392,1730],{"class":273},[20,41394,41395,41396,41399],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41397,41398],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[44,41401,41403],{"className":46,"code":41402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41404,41405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41406,41407,41409,41411,41413,41415,41417,41419,41421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41408,132],{"class":131},[53,41410,116],{"class":67},[53,41412,1539],{"class":550},[53,41414,116],{"class":67},[53,41416,72],{"class":71},[53,41418,41339],{"class":75},[53,41420,72],{"class":71},[53,41422,1377],{"class":67},[20,41424,2357,41425,7969,41427,41430],{},[15,41426,40058],{},[15,41428,41429],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41432,10080],{},[193,41434,41435,41441],{},[196,41436,41437,41440],{},[15,41438,41439],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[196,41442,41443,41445],{},[15,41444,41398],{}," fails",[20,41447,41448,41449,41452,41453,41455],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[464,41450,41451],{"href":2230},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[464,41454,1774],{"href":1773}," helpful.",[39,41457,1187],{"id":1186},[599,41459,41461],{"id":41460},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41463,41464,41465,1219,41467,37],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41466,1845],{},[15,41468,39497],{},[599,41470,41472],{"id":41471},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41474,41475,41476,1219,41479,37],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41477,41478],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41480,41481],{},"\"10\"",[599,41483,41485],{"id":41484},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41487,28417,41488,41490,41491,37],{},[15,41489,40884],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41492,40058],{},[599,41494,41496],{"id":41495},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41498,4507,41499,37],{},[15,41500,3129],{},[599,41502,41504],{"id":41503},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41506,41507,41508,41510,41511,594,41514,41510,41516,37],{},"Yes. ",[15,41509,2963],{}," becomes ",[15,41512,41513],{},"1.0",[15,41515,3035],{},[15,41517,3129],{},[39,41519,1244],{"id":1243},[193,41521,41522,41526,41532,41537,41541,41545],{},[196,41523,41524],{},[464,41525,41451],{"href":2230},[196,41527,41528],{},[464,41529,41531],{"href":41530},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[196,41533,41534],{},[464,41535,41536],{"href":40245},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[196,41538,41539],{},[464,41540,8426],{"href":8348},[196,41542,41543],{},[464,41544,40250],{"href":40249},[196,41546,41547],{},[464,41548,41549],{"href":7586},"Python input() Function Explained",[1276,41551,41552],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":41554},[41555,41556,41557,41558,41565,41570,41571,41578,41583,41590,41591,41598],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":39544,"depth":104,"text":39545},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":39769,"depth":104,"text":39770,"children":41559},[41560,41561,41562,41563,41564],{"id":39778,"depth":128,"text":39779},{"id":39842,"depth":128,"text":39843},{"id":39906,"depth":128,"text":39907},{"id":39948,"depth":128,"text":39949},{"id":40003,"depth":128,"text":40004},{"id":40042,"depth":104,"text":40043,"children":41566},[41567,41568,41569],{"id":40051,"depth":128,"text":40052},{"id":40137,"depth":128,"text":40138},{"id":40207,"depth":128,"text":40208},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":40399,"depth":104,"text":40400,"children":41572},[41573,41575,41576,41577],{"id":40403,"depth":128,"text":41574},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40496,"depth":128,"text":40497},{"id":40582,"depth":128,"text":40583},{"id":40644,"depth":128,"text":40645},{"id":40704,"depth":104,"text":40705,"children":41579},[41580,41581,41582],{"id":40713,"depth":128,"text":40714},{"id":40752,"depth":128,"text":40753},{"id":40793,"depth":128,"text":40794},{"id":40858,"depth":104,"text":40859,"children":41584},[41585,41586,41587,41588,41589],{"id":40868,"depth":128,"text":40058},{"id":40934,"depth":128,"text":2360},{"id":41001,"depth":128,"text":41002},{"id":41075,"depth":128,"text":41076},{"id":41202,"depth":128,"text":41203},{"id":41306,"depth":104,"text":41307},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":41592},[41593,41594,41595,41596,41597],{"id":41460,"depth":128,"text":41461},{"id":41471,"depth":128,"text":41472},{"id":41484,"depth":128,"text":41485},{"id":41495,"depth":128,"text":41496},{"id":41503,"depth":128,"text":41504},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39445,"description":41599},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41606,"title":41607,"body":41608,"description":42829,"extension":1312,"meta":42830,"navigation":383,"path":34378,"seo":42831,"stem":42832,"__hash__":42833},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41609,"toc":42795},[41610,41613,41618,41621,41623,41662,41676,41680,41685,41688,41705,41708,41718,41733,41736,41738,41741,41757,41760,41763,41783,41787,41798,41801,41805,41809,41823,41858,41862,41873,41908,41911,41913,41921,41954,41970,41972,41982,42003,42014,42016,42021,42024,42038,42040,42059,42062,42075,42078,42082,42086,42100,42103,42121,42124,42139,42143,42148,42162,42168,42170,42227,42229,42262,42265,42281,42285,42292,42296,42301,42304,42315,42319,42324,42339,42348,42353,42372,42375,42387,42389,42394,42404,42407,42436,42441,42450,42454,42459,42462,42466,42471,42473,42503,42506,42513,42518,42523,42527,42530,42538,42541,42619,42622,42644,42646,42650,42653,42657,42663,42726,42730,42738,42742,42745,42747,42772,42792],[10,41611,41607],{"id":41612},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41614,2941,41615,41617],{},[15,41616,34381],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41619,41620],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[39,41622,42],{"id":41},[44,41624,41626],{"className":46,"code":41625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41627,41628,41638,41648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41629,41630,41632,41634,41636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41631,31506],{"class":131},[53,41633,116],{"class":67},[53,41635,10528],{"class":131},[53,41637,125],{"class":67},[53,41639,41640,41642,41644,41646],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41641,31506],{"class":131},[53,41643,116],{"class":67},[53,41645,2801],{"class":550},[53,41647,125],{"class":67},[53,41649,41650,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,41651,31506],{"class":131},[53,41653,116],{"class":67},[53,41655,156],{"class":71},[53,41657,34013],{"class":75},[53,41659,156],{"class":71},[53,41661,125],{"class":67},[20,41663,174,41664,41666,41667,1219,41669,41671,41672,41675],{},[15,41665,34381],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41668,10528],{},[15,41670,2801],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41673,41674],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[39,41677,41679],{"id":41678},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41681,41682,41684],{},[15,41683,34381],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41686,41687],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[193,41689,41690,41693,41696,41699,41702],{},[196,41691,41692],{},"Functions",[196,41694,41695],{},"Classes",[196,41697,41698],{},"Methods",[196,41700,41701],{},"Modules",[196,41703,41704],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41706,41707],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41709,41710,41711,41717],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[464,41712,41714],{"href":41713},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41715,41716],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[44,41719,41721],{"className":46,"code":41720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\n",[15,41722,41723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41724,41725,41727,41729,41731],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41726,31506],{"class":131},[53,41728,116],{"class":67},[53,41730,10528],{"class":131},[53,41732,125],{"class":67},[20,41734,41735],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[39,41737,217],{"id":216},[20,41739,41740],{},"The main form is:",[44,41742,41744],{"className":46,"code":41743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(object)\n",[15,41745,41746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41747,41748,41750,41752,41755],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41749,31506],{"class":131},[53,41751,116],{"class":67},[53,41753,41754],{"class":550},"object",[53,41756,125],{"class":67},[20,41758,41759],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,41761,41762],{},"Common examples include:",[193,41764,41765,41769,41774,41778],{},[196,41766,41767],{},[15,41768,10528],{},[196,41770,41771],{},[15,41772,41773],{},"list.append",[196,41775,41776],{},[15,41777,2801],{},[196,41779,41780],{},[15,41781,41782],{},"open",[20,41784,6538,41785,6541],{},[15,41786,34381],{},[44,41788,41790],{"className":46,"code":41789,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help()\n",[15,41791,41792],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41793,41794,41796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41795,31506],{"class":131},[53,41797,8011],{"class":67},[20,41799,41800],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[39,41802,41804],{"id":41803},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[599,41806,41808],{"id":41807},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,41810,41811,41812,1540,41814,1540,41816,16431,41819,37],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,41813,10528],{},[15,41815,132],{},[15,41817,41818],{},"input",[464,41820,41821],{"href":1652},[15,41822,1655],{},[44,41824,41826],{"className":46,"code":41825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,41827,41828,41838,41848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41829,41830,41832,41834,41836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41831,31506],{"class":131},[53,41833,116],{"class":67},[53,41835,132],{"class":131},[53,41837,125],{"class":67},[53,41839,41840,41842,41844,41846],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41841,31506],{"class":131},[53,41843,116],{"class":67},[53,41845,41818],{"class":131},[53,41847,125],{"class":67},[53,41849,41850,41852,41854,41856],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,41851,31506],{"class":131},[53,41853,116],{"class":67},[53,41855,2578],{"class":550},[53,41857,125],{"class":67},[599,41859,41861],{"id":41860},"data-types","Data types",[20,41863,41864,41865,1540,41867,1540,41869,16431,41871,37],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,41866,2801],{},[15,41868,7460],{},[15,41870,8189],{},[15,41872,5649],{},[44,41874,41876],{"className":46,"code":41875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,41877,41878,41888,41898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41879,41880,41882,41884,41886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41881,31506],{"class":131},[53,41883,116],{"class":67},[53,41885,2801],{"class":550},[53,41887,125],{"class":67},[53,41889,41890,41892,41894,41896],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41891,31506],{"class":131},[53,41893,116],{"class":67},[53,41895,7460],{"class":550},[53,41897,125],{"class":67},[53,41899,41900,41902,41904,41906],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,41901,31506],{"class":131},[53,41903,116],{"class":67},[53,41905,8189],{"class":550},[53,41907,125],{"class":67},[20,41909,41910],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[599,41912,41698],{"id":33860},[20,41914,41915,41916,594,41919,37],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,41917,41918],{},"str.split",[15,41920,41773],{},[44,41922,41924],{"className":46,"code":41923,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,41925,41926,41940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41927,41928,41930,41932,41934,41936,41938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41929,31506],{"class":131},[53,41931,116],{"class":67},[53,41933,2801],{"class":550},[53,41935,37],{"class":67},[53,41937,33823],{"class":24104},[53,41939,125],{"class":67},[53,41941,41942,41944,41946,41948,41950,41952],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41943,31506],{"class":131},[53,41945,116],{"class":67},[53,41947,7460],{"class":550},[53,41949,37],{"class":67},[53,41951,12912],{"class":24104},[53,41953,125],{"class":67},[20,41955,41956,41957,1154,41959,27669,41964,41966,41967,41969],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,41958,34381],{},[464,41960,41962],{"href":41961},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,41963,33665],{},[15,41965,33665],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,41968,34381],{}," explains one of them.",[599,41971,41701],{"id":34013},[20,41973,41974,41975,1540,41977,16431,41979,37],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,41976,17775],{},[15,41978,34544],{},[15,41980,41981],{},"os",[44,41983,41985],{"className":46,"code":41984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,41986,41987,41993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,41988,41989,41991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,41990,34445],{"class":1105},[53,41992,34448],{"class":59},[53,41994,41995,41997,41999,42001],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,41996,31506],{"class":131},[53,41998,116],{"class":67},[53,42000,17775],{"class":112},[53,42002,125],{"class":67},[20,42004,42005,42006,42010,42011,37],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[464,42007,42009],{"href":42008},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[464,42012,34511],{"href":42013},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[39,42015,34272],{"id":34271},[20,42017,42018,42020],{},[15,42019,34381],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42022,42023],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[193,42025,42026,42029,42032,42035],{},[196,42027,42028],{},"The function signature",[196,42030,42031],{},"The short description",[196,42033,42034],{},"Parameter names",[196,42036,42037],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42039,4832],{},[44,42041,42043],{"className":46,"code":42042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42044,42045],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42046,42047,42049,42051,42053,42055,42057],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42048,31506],{"class":131},[53,42050,116],{"class":67},[53,42052,2801],{"class":550},[53,42054,37],{"class":67},[53,42056,33823],{"class":24104},[53,42058,125],{"class":67},[20,42060,42061],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[193,42063,42064,42067,42070,42072],{},[196,42065,42066],{},"What object this is",[196,42068,42069],{},"What arguments it accepts",[196,42071,21325],{},[196,42073,42074],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42076,42077],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[39,42079,42081],{"id":42080},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42083,42084,29229],{},[15,42085,34381],{},[193,42087,42088,42091,42094,42097],{},[196,42089,42090],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[196,42092,42093],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[196,42095,42096],{},"You are exploring a new module",[196,42098,42099],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42101,42102],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[44,42104,42105],{"className":46,"code":42042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,42106,42107],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42108,42109,42111,42113,42115,42117,42119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42110,31506],{"class":131},[53,42112,116],{"class":67},[53,42114,2801],{"class":550},[53,42116,37],{"class":67},[53,42118,33823],{"class":24104},[53,42120,125],{"class":67},[20,42122,42123],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[44,42125,42127],{"className":46,"code":42126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(open)\n",[15,42128,42129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42130,42131,42133,42135,42137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42132,31506],{"class":131},[53,42134,116],{"class":67},[53,42136,41782],{"class":131},[53,42138,125],{"class":67},[39,42140,42142],{"id":42141},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42144,42145,42147],{},[15,42146,34381],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[193,42149,42150,42153,42156,42159],{},[196,42151,42152],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[196,42154,42155],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[196,42157,42158],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[196,42160,42161],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42163,42164,42165,42167],{},"So, ",[15,42166,34381],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42169,4832],{},[44,42171,42173],{"className":46,"code":42172,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42174,42175,42188,42212,42216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42176,42177,42179,42181,42183,42186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42178,34042],{"class":59},[53,42180,64],{"class":63},[53,42182,84],{"class":71},[53,42184,42185],{"class":75},"a,b,c",[53,42187,2715],{"class":71},[53,42189,42190,42193,42195,42198,42200,42202,42204,42206,42208,42210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42191,42192],{"class":59},"parts ",[53,42194,64],{"class":63},[53,42196,42197],{"class":59}," text",[53,42199,37],{"class":67},[53,42201,33823],{"class":112},[53,42203,116],{"class":67},[53,42205,72],{"class":71},[53,42207,81],{"class":75},[53,42209,72],{"class":71},[53,42211,125],{"class":67},[53,42213,42214],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,42215,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,42217,42218,42220,42222,42225],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,42219,132],{"class":131},[53,42221,116],{"class":67},[53,42223,42224],{"class":112},"parts",[53,42226,125],{"class":67},[20,42228,4920],{},[44,42230,42232],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42233,42234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42235,42236,42238,42240,42242,42244,42246,42248,42250,42252,42254,42256,42258,42260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42237,3260],{"class":67},[53,42239,156],{"class":71},[53,42241,464],{"class":75},[53,42243,156],{"class":71},[53,42245,81],{"class":67},[53,42247,165],{"class":71},[53,42249,637],{"class":75},[53,42251,156],{"class":71},[53,42253,81],{"class":67},[53,42255,165],{"class":71},[53,42257,646],{"class":75},[53,42259,156],{"class":71},[53,42261,2995],{"class":67},[20,42263,42264],{},"A good workflow is:",[28069,42266,42267,42272,42275,42278],{},[196,42268,174,42269,42271],{},[15,42270,34381],{}," to inspect something",[196,42273,42274],{},"Write a tiny example",[196,42276,42277],{},"Check the result",[196,42279,42280],{},"Repeat",[39,42282,42284],{"id":42283},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42286,42287,594,42289,42291],{},[15,42288,34381],{},[15,42290,33665],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[599,42293,42294],{"id":31506},[15,42295,34381],{},[20,42297,174,42298,42300],{},[15,42299,34381],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42302,42303],{},"It tells you:",[193,42305,42306,42309,42312],{},[196,42307,42308],{},"What something is",[196,42310,42311],{},"How to use it",[196,42313,42314],{},"What parameters it accepts",[599,42316,42317],{"id":33726},[15,42318,33665],{},[20,42320,174,42321,42323],{},[15,42322,33665],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[44,42325,42327],{"className":46,"code":42326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dir(str)\n",[15,42328,42329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42330,42331,42333,42335,42337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42332,33726],{"class":131},[53,42334,116],{"class":67},[53,42336,2801],{"class":550},[53,42338,125],{"class":67},[20,42340,42341,42342,1540,42344,16431,42346,37],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42343,33823],{},[15,42345,8002],{},[15,42347,8008],{},[20,42349,42350,42351,191],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42352,34381],{},[44,42354,42356],{"className":46,"code":42355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42357,42358],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42359,42360,42362,42364,42366,42368,42370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42361,31506],{"class":131},[53,42363,116],{"class":67},[53,42365,2801],{"class":550},[53,42367,37],{"class":67},[53,42369,8008],{"class":24104},[53,42371,125],{"class":67},[20,42373,42374],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[193,42376,42377,42382],{},[196,42378,174,42379,42381],{},[15,42380,33665],{}," to discover options",[196,42383,174,42384,42386],{},[15,42385,34381],{}," to understand one option",[39,42388,2185],{"id":2184},[20,42390,42391,42392,37],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42393,34381],{},[599,42395,7785,42397,42400,42401],{"id":42396},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42398,42399],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42402,42403],{},"help(len)",[20,42405,42406],{},"These are not always the same.",[44,42408,42410],{"className":46,"code":42409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42411,42412,42422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42413,42414,42416,42418,42420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42415,31506],{"class":131},[53,42417,116],{"class":67},[53,42419,10528],{"class":131},[53,42421,125],{"class":67},[53,42423,42424,42426,42428,42430,42432,42434],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42425,31506],{"class":131},[53,42427,116],{"class":67},[53,42429,156],{"class":71},[53,42431,10528],{"class":75},[53,42433,156],{"class":71},[53,42435,125],{"class":67},[20,42437,42438,42440],{},[15,42439,42403],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42442,42443,42445,42446,42449],{},[15,42444,42399],{}," treats ",[15,42447,42448],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[599,42451,42453],{"id":42452},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42455,42456,42458],{},[15,42457,34381],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42460,42461],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[599,42463,42465],{"id":42464},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42467,39697,42468,42470],{},[15,42469,34381],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42472,1559],{},[44,42474,42476],{"className":46,"code":42475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42477,42478,42488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42479,42480,42482,42484,42486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42481,31506],{"class":131},[53,42483,116],{"class":67},[53,42485,10528],{"class":131},[53,42487,125],{"class":67},[53,42489,42490,42492,42494,42496,42499,42501],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42491,132],{"class":131},[53,42493,116],{"class":67},[53,42495,72],{"class":71},[53,42497,42498],{"class":75},"Done",[53,42500,72],{"class":71},[53,42502,125],{"class":67},[20,42504,42505],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[599,42507,1151,42509,1154,42511],{"id":42508},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42510,34381],{},[15,42512,33665],{},[20,42514,42515,42516,37],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42517,33665],{},[20,42519,42520,42521,37],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42522,34381],{},[39,42524,42526],{"id":42525},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42528,42529],{},"Open Python:",[44,42531,42532],{"className":46,"code":34897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,42533,42534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42535,42536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42537,34897],{"class":59},[20,42539,42540],{},"Then test these commands:",[44,42542,42544],{"className":46,"code":42543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42545,42546,42556,42570,42584,42594,42609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42547,42548,42550,42552,42554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42549,31506],{"class":131},[53,42551,116],{"class":67},[53,42553,10528],{"class":131},[53,42555,125],{"class":67},[53,42557,42558,42560,42562,42564,42566,42568],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42559,31506],{"class":131},[53,42561,116],{"class":67},[53,42563,2801],{"class":550},[53,42565,37],{"class":67},[53,42567,33823],{"class":24104},[53,42569,125],{"class":67},[53,42571,42572,42574,42576,42578,42580,42582],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,42573,31506],{"class":131},[53,42575,116],{"class":67},[53,42577,7460],{"class":550},[53,42579,37],{"class":67},[53,42581,12912],{"class":24104},[53,42583,125],{"class":67},[53,42585,42586,42588,42590,42592],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,42587,31506],{"class":131},[53,42589,116],{"class":67},[53,42591,41782],{"class":131},[53,42593,125],{"class":67},[53,42595,42596,42598,42600,42602,42605,42607],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,42597,31506],{"class":131},[53,42599,116],{"class":67},[53,42601,156],{"class":71},[53,42603,42604],{"class":75},"keywords",[53,42606,156],{"class":71},[53,42608,125],{"class":67},[53,42610,42611,42613,42615,42617],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,42612,33726],{"class":131},[53,42614,116],{"class":67},[53,42616,2801],{"class":550},[53,42618,125],{"class":67},[20,42620,42621],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[193,42623,42624,42627,42630,42633,42636,42639],{},[196,42625,42626],{},"A built-in function",[196,42628,42629],{},"A string method",[196,42631,42632],{},"A list method",[196,42634,42635],{},"A built-in file function",[196,42637,42638],{},"A special help topic",[196,42640,14549,42641,42643],{},[15,42642,33665],{}," example for comparison",[39,42645,1187],{"id":1186},[599,42647,42649],{"id":42648},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42651,42652],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[599,42654,42656],{"id":42655},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42658,42659,42660,42662],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42661,34381],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[44,42664,42666],{"className":46,"code":42665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42667,42668,42680,42693,42712,42716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42669,42670,42672,42674,42676,42678],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42671,34205],{"class":1415},[53,42673,34209],{"class":34208},[53,42675,116],{"class":67},[53,42677,7032],{"class":37015},[53,42679,7709],{"class":67},[53,42681,42682,42686,42690],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42683,42685],{"class":42684},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[53,42687,42689],{"class":42688},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[53,42691,42692],{"class":42684},"\"\"\"\n",[53,42694,42695,42697,42700,42703,42705,42707,42709],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,42696,34216],{"class":1105},[53,42698,42699],{"class":1415}," f",[53,42701,42702],{"class":75},"\"Hello, ",[53,42704,153],{"class":273},[53,42706,7032],{"class":59},[53,42708,21657],{"class":273},[53,42710,42711],{"class":75},"!\"\n",[53,42713,42714],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,42715,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,42717,42718,42720,42722,42724],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,42719,31506],{"class":131},[53,42721,116],{"class":67},[53,42723,34251],{"class":112},[53,42725,125],{"class":67},[599,42727,42729],{"id":42728},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42731,42732,42734,42735,42737],{},[15,42733,42403],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42736,42399],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[599,42739,42741],{"id":42740},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42743,42744],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[39,42746,1244],{"id":1243},[193,42748,42749,42754,42758,42763,42768],{},[196,42750,42751],{},[464,42752,42753],{"href":41961},"Python dir() function explained",[196,42755,42756],{},[464,42757,7810],{"href":1652},[196,42759,42760],{},[464,42761,42762],{"href":41713},"Python len() function explained",[196,42764,42765],{},[464,42766,42767],{"href":42008},"How import works in Python",[196,42769,42770],{},[464,42771,34511],{"href":42013},[20,42773,42774,42775,42777,42778,1540,42780,16431,42782,42784,42785,1219,42788,42791],{},"Try ",[15,42776,34381],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,42779,10528],{},[15,42781,132],{},[15,42783,41818],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,42786,42787],{},"dir(str)",[15,42789,42790],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1276,42793,42794],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":42796},[42797,42798,42799,42800,42806,42807,42808,42809,42813,42821,42822,42828],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":41678,"depth":104,"text":41679},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":41803,"depth":104,"text":41804,"children":42801},[42802,42803,42804,42805],{"id":41807,"depth":128,"text":41808},{"id":41860,"depth":128,"text":41861},{"id":33860,"depth":128,"text":41698},{"id":34013,"depth":128,"text":41701},{"id":34271,"depth":104,"text":34272},{"id":42080,"depth":104,"text":42081},{"id":42141,"depth":104,"text":42142},{"id":42283,"depth":104,"text":42284,"children":42810},[42811,42812],{"id":31506,"depth":128,"text":34381},{"id":33726,"depth":128,"text":33665},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":42814},[42815,42817,42818,42819],{"id":42396,"depth":128,"text":42816},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42452,"depth":128,"text":42453},{"id":42464,"depth":128,"text":42465},{"id":42508,"depth":128,"text":42820},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42525,"depth":104,"text":42526},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":42823},[42824,42825,42826,42827],{"id":42648,"depth":128,"text":42649},{"id":42655,"depth":128,"text":42656},{"id":42728,"depth":128,"text":42729},{"id":42740,"depth":128,"text":42741},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41607,"description":42829},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":42835,"title":42836,"body":42837,"description":44199,"extension":1312,"meta":44200,"navigation":383,"path":44201,"seo":44202,"stem":44203,"__hash__":44204},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42838,"toc":44172},[42839,42845,42850,42856,42866,42925,42935,42946,42951,42957,42959,42977,42985,42987,42989,43004,43007,43018,43020,43111,43114,43118,43123,43144,43146,43257,43259,43286,43297,43301,43304,43387,43389,43397,43403,43409,43413,43416,43526,43528,43541,43544,43558,43566,43573,43578,43592,43598,43711,43713,43774,43777,43783,43789,43792,43814,43817,43887,43890,43922,43929,43931,43934,43952,43955,43967,43973,43975,43980,44006,44009,44081,44083,44089,44092,44098,44101,44107,44117,44123,44126,44133,44136,44138,44169],[10,42840,2934,42842,2938],{"id":42841},"python-id-function-explained",[15,42843,42844],{},"id()",[20,42846,31671,42847,42849],{},[15,42848,42844],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,42851,42852,42853,42855],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,42854,42844],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,42857,174,42858,42860,42861,42863,42864,37],{},[15,42859,42844],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[30,42862,461],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,42865,4046],{},[44,42867,42869],{"className":46,"code":42868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,42870,42871,42883,42897,42901,42911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42872,42873,42875,42877,42879,42881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42874,7242],{"class":59},[53,42876,64],{"class":63},[53,42878,84],{"class":71},[53,42880,6660],{"class":75},[53,42882,2715],{"class":71},[53,42884,42885,42887,42889,42891,42893,42895],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,42886,132],{"class":131},[53,42888,116],{"class":67},[53,42890,12014],{"class":131},[53,42892,116],{"class":67},[53,42894,7032],{"class":112},[53,42896,1377],{"class":67},[53,42898,42899],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,42900,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,42902,42903,42906,42908],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,42904,42905],{"class":59},"other ",[53,42907,64],{"class":63},[53,42909,42910],{"class":59}," name\n",[53,42912,42913,42915,42917,42919,42921,42923],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,42914,132],{"class":131},[53,42916,116],{"class":67},[53,42918,12014],{"class":131},[53,42920,116],{"class":67},[53,42922,30096],{"class":112},[53,42924,1377],{"class":67},[20,42926,42927,42928,42931,42932,42934],{},"In this example, ",[15,42929,42930],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,42933,42844],{}," values match.",[42936,42937,42938],"blockquote",{},[20,42939,174,42940,42942,42943,42945],{},[15,42941,42844],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,42944,4046],{}," for value comparison.",[39,42947,183,42949,186],{"id":42948},"what-id-does",[15,42950,42844],{},[20,42952,42953,42956],{},[15,42954,42955],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,42958,12416],{},[193,42960,42961,42964,42971,42974],{},[196,42962,42963],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[196,42965,42966,42967,42970],{},"It shows ",[30,42968,42969],{},"object identity",", not object value",[196,42972,42973],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[196,42975,42976],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,42978,42979,42980,42984],{},"This is closely related to how ",[464,42981,42983],{"href":42982},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[39,42986,217],{"id":216},[20,42988,4794],{},[44,42990,42992],{"className":46,"code":42991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"id(object)\n",[15,42993,42994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,42995,42996,42998,43000,43002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,42997,12014],{"class":131},[53,42999,116],{"class":67},[53,43001,41754],{"class":550},[53,43003,125],{"class":67},[20,43005,43006],{},"Important details:",[193,43008,43009,43012,43015],{},[196,43010,43011],{},"It takes one argument",[196,43013,43014],{},"It returns an integer",[196,43016,43017],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43019,1559],{},[44,43021,43023],{"className":46,"code":43022,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43024,43025,43037,43045,43065,43069,43083,43097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43026,43027,43029,43031,43033,43035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43028,34042],{"class":59},[53,43030,64],{"class":63},[53,43032,84],{"class":71},[53,43034,3206],{"class":75},[53,43036,2715],{"class":71},[53,43038,43039,43041,43043],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43040,1569],{"class":59},[53,43042,64],{"class":63},[53,43044,2123],{"class":273},[53,43046,43047,43049,43051,43053,43055,43057,43059,43061,43063],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,43048,7144],{"class":59},[53,43050,64],{"class":63},[53,43052,2982],{"class":67},[53,43054,274],{"class":273},[53,43056,81],{"class":67},[53,43058,279],{"class":273},[53,43060,81],{"class":67},[53,43062,284],{"class":273},[53,43064,2995],{"class":67},[53,43066,43067],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,43068,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43070,43071,43073,43075,43077,43079,43081],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,43072,132],{"class":131},[53,43074,116],{"class":67},[53,43076,12014],{"class":131},[53,43078,116],{"class":67},[53,43080,34063],{"class":112},[53,43082,1377],{"class":67},[53,43084,43085,43087,43089,43091,43093,43095],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,43086,132],{"class":131},[53,43088,116],{"class":67},[53,43090,12014],{"class":131},[53,43092,116],{"class":67},[53,43094,1592],{"class":112},[53,43096,1377],{"class":67},[53,43098,43099,43101,43103,43105,43107,43109],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,43100,132],{"class":131},[53,43102,116],{"class":67},[53,43104,12014],{"class":131},[53,43106,116],{"class":67},[53,43108,7175],{"class":112},[53,43110,1377],{"class":67},[20,43112,43113],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[39,43115,43117],{"id":43116},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43119,43120,43121,37],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43122,42844],{},[193,43124,43125,43132,43139],{},[196,43126,43127,43129,43130],{},[15,43128,4046],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[30,43131,236],{},[196,43133,43134,43136,43137],{},[15,43135,11558],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[30,43138,41754],{},[196,43140,43141,43143],{},[15,43142,42844],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43145,1559],{},[44,43147,43149],{"className":46,"code":43148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43150,43151,43171,43191,43195,43212,43229,43243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43152,43153,43155,43157,43159,43161,43163,43165,43167,43169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43154,1908],{"class":59},[53,43156,64],{"class":63},[53,43158,2982],{"class":67},[53,43160,274],{"class":273},[53,43162,81],{"class":67},[53,43164,279],{"class":273},[53,43166,81],{"class":67},[53,43168,284],{"class":273},[53,43170,2995],{"class":67},[53,43172,43173,43175,43177,43179,43181,43183,43185,43187,43189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43174,1936],{"class":59},[53,43176,64],{"class":63},[53,43178,2982],{"class":67},[53,43180,274],{"class":273},[53,43182,81],{"class":67},[53,43184,279],{"class":273},[53,43186,81],{"class":67},[53,43188,284],{"class":273},[53,43190,2995],{"class":67},[53,43192,43193],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,43194,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43196,43197,43199,43201,43203,43205,43207,43209],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,43198,132],{"class":131},[53,43200,116],{"class":67},[53,43202,1908],{"class":112},[53,43204,4046],{"class":63},[53,43206,1913],{"class":112},[53,43208,3021],{"class":67},[53,43210,43211],{"class":3024},"   # True\n",[53,43213,43214,43216,43218,43220,43222,43224,43226],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,43215,132],{"class":131},[53,43217,116],{"class":67},[53,43219,1908],{"class":112},[53,43221,11558],{"class":1105},[53,43223,1913],{"class":112},[53,43225,3021],{"class":67},[53,43227,43228],{"class":3024},"   # False\n",[53,43230,43231,43233,43235,43237,43239,43241],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,43232,132],{"class":131},[53,43234,116],{"class":67},[53,43236,12014],{"class":131},[53,43238,116],{"class":67},[53,43240,464],{"class":112},[53,43242,1377],{"class":67},[53,43244,43245,43247,43249,43251,43253,43255],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,43246,132],{"class":131},[53,43248,116],{"class":67},[53,43250,12014],{"class":131},[53,43252,116],{"class":67},[53,43254,637],{"class":112},[53,43256,1377],{"class":67},[20,43258,1529],{},[193,43260,43261,43269,43277],{},[196,43262,43263,4141,43266,43268],{},[15,43264,43265],{},"a == b",[15,43267,2963],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[196,43270,43271,4141,43274,43276],{},[15,43272,43273],{},"a is b",[15,43275,3035],{}," because they are different list objects",[196,43278,43279,594,43282,43285],{},[15,43280,43281],{},"id(a)",[15,43283,43284],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43287,43288,43289,594,43293,37],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[464,43290,43292],{"href":43291},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[464,43294,43296],{"href":43295},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[39,43298,43300],{"id":43299},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43302,43303],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[44,43305,43307],{"className":46,"code":43306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43308,43309,43329,43339,43343,43357,43372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43310,43311,43313,43315,43317,43319,43321,43323,43325,43327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43312,266],{"class":59},[53,43314,64],{"class":63},[53,43316,2982],{"class":67},[53,43318,1684],{"class":273},[53,43320,81],{"class":67},[53,43322,7155],{"class":273},[53,43324,81],{"class":67},[53,43326,7160],{"class":273},[53,43328,2995],{"class":67},[53,43330,43331,43334,43336],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43332,43333],{"class":59},"other_numbers ",[53,43335,64],{"class":63},[53,43337,43338],{"class":59}," numbers\n",[53,43340,43341],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,43342,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43344,43345,43347,43349,43351,43353,43355],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,43346,132],{"class":131},[53,43348,116],{"class":67},[53,43350,12014],{"class":131},[53,43352,116],{"class":67},[53,43354,291],{"class":112},[53,43356,1377],{"class":67},[53,43358,43359,43361,43363,43365,43367,43370],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,43360,132],{"class":131},[53,43362,116],{"class":67},[53,43364,12014],{"class":131},[53,43366,116],{"class":67},[53,43368,43369],{"class":112},"other_numbers",[53,43371,1377],{"class":67},[53,43373,43374,43376,43378,43380,43382,43385],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,43375,132],{"class":131},[53,43377,116],{"class":67},[53,43379,266],{"class":112},[53,43381,11558],{"class":1105},[53,43383,43384],{"class":112}," other_numbers",[53,43386,125],{"class":67},[20,43388,4920],{},[44,43390,43391],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,43392,43393],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43394,43395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43396,3340],{"class":938},[20,43398,43399,43400,43402],{},"The two ",[15,43401,42844],{}," values will also match.",[20,43404,562,43405,43408],{},[15,43406,43407],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[39,43410,43412],{"id":43411},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43414,43415],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[44,43417,43419],{"className":46,"code":43418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43420,43421,43442,43463,43467,43482,43496,43511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43422,43423,43426,43428,43430,43432,43434,43436,43438,43440],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43424,43425],{"class":59},"list_a ",[53,43427,64],{"class":63},[53,43429,2982],{"class":67},[53,43431,274],{"class":273},[53,43433,81],{"class":67},[53,43435,279],{"class":273},[53,43437,81],{"class":67},[53,43439,284],{"class":273},[53,43441,2995],{"class":67},[53,43443,43444,43447,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43445,43446],{"class":59},"list_b ",[53,43448,64],{"class":63},[53,43450,2982],{"class":67},[53,43452,274],{"class":273},[53,43454,81],{"class":67},[53,43456,279],{"class":273},[53,43458,81],{"class":67},[53,43460,284],{"class":273},[53,43462,2995],{"class":67},[53,43464,43465],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,43466,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43468,43469,43471,43473,43475,43477,43480],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,43470,132],{"class":131},[53,43472,116],{"class":67},[53,43474,43425],{"class":112},[53,43476,4046],{"class":63},[53,43478,43479],{"class":112}," list_b",[53,43481,125],{"class":67},[53,43483,43484,43486,43488,43490,43492,43494],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,43485,132],{"class":131},[53,43487,116],{"class":67},[53,43489,43425],{"class":112},[53,43491,11558],{"class":1105},[53,43493,43479],{"class":112},[53,43495,125],{"class":67},[53,43497,43498,43500,43502,43504,43506,43509],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,43499,132],{"class":131},[53,43501,116],{"class":67},[53,43503,12014],{"class":131},[53,43505,116],{"class":67},[53,43507,43508],{"class":112},"list_a",[53,43510,1377],{"class":67},[53,43512,43513,43515,43517,43519,43521,43524],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,43514,132],{"class":131},[53,43516,116],{"class":67},[53,43518,12014],{"class":131},[53,43520,116],{"class":67},[53,43522,43523],{"class":112},"list_b",[53,43525,1377],{"class":67},[20,43527,4920],{},[44,43529,43531],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43532,43533,43537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43534,43535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43536,3340],{"class":938},[53,43538,43539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43540,3401],{"class":938},[20,43542,43543],{},"What this means:",[193,43545,43546,43549,43552],{},[196,43547,43548],{},"The lists are equal in value",[196,43550,43551],{},"They are not the same object",[196,43553,43554,43555,43557],{},"Their ",[15,43556,42844],{}," values are usually different",[20,43559,43560,43561,43563,43564,37],{},"This is why ",[15,43562,42844],{}," should not replace ",[15,43565,4046],{},[39,43567,43569,43570,43572],{"id":43568},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43571,42844],{}," is useful",[20,43574,43575,43577],{},[15,43576,42844],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[193,43579,43580,43583,43586,43589],{},[196,43581,43582],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[196,43584,43585],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[196,43587,43588],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[196,43590,43591],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43593,43594,43595,43597],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43596,42844],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[44,43599,43601],{"className":46,"code":43600,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43602,43603,43627,43636,43640,43659,43663,43673,43683,43697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43604,43605,43607,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43606,11450],{"class":59},[53,43608,64],{"class":63},[53,43610,2982],{"class":67},[53,43612,72],{"class":71},[53,43614,464],{"class":75},[53,43616,72],{"class":71},[53,43618,81],{"class":67},[53,43620,84],{"class":71},[53,43622,637],{"class":75},[53,43624,72],{"class":71},[53,43626,2995],{"class":67},[53,43628,43629,43632,43634],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43630,43631],{"class":59},"copy_ref ",[53,43633,64],{"class":63},[53,43635,11488],{"class":59},[53,43637,43638],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,43639,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43641,43642,43645,43647,43649,43651,43653,43655,43657],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,43643,43644],{"class":59},"copy_ref",[53,43646,37],{"class":67},[53,43648,12912],{"class":112},[53,43650,116],{"class":67},[53,43652,72],{"class":71},[53,43654,646],{"class":75},[53,43656,72],{"class":71},[53,43658,125],{"class":67},[53,43660,43661],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,43662,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43664,43665,43667,43669,43671],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,43666,132],{"class":131},[53,43668,116],{"class":67},[53,43670,11497],{"class":112},[53,43672,125],{"class":67},[53,43674,43675,43677,43679,43681],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,43676,132],{"class":131},[53,43678,116],{"class":67},[53,43680,43644],{"class":112},[53,43682,125],{"class":67},[53,43684,43685,43687,43689,43691,43693,43695],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,43686,132],{"class":131},[53,43688,116],{"class":67},[53,43690,12014],{"class":131},[53,43692,116],{"class":67},[53,43694,11497],{"class":112},[53,43696,1377],{"class":67},[53,43698,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,43700,132],{"class":131},[53,43702,116],{"class":67},[53,43704,12014],{"class":131},[53,43706,116],{"class":67},[53,43708,43644],{"class":112},[53,43710,1377],{"class":67},[20,43712,4920],{},[44,43714,43716],{"className":46,"code":43715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43717,43718,43746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43719,43720,43722,43724,43726,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43721,3260],{"class":67},[53,43723,156],{"class":71},[53,43725,464],{"class":75},[53,43727,156],{"class":71},[53,43729,81],{"class":67},[53,43731,165],{"class":71},[53,43733,637],{"class":75},[53,43735,156],{"class":71},[53,43737,81],{"class":67},[53,43739,165],{"class":71},[53,43741,646],{"class":75},[53,43743,156],{"class":71},[53,43745,2995],{"class":67},[53,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43764,43766,43768,43770,43772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43749,3260],{"class":67},[53,43751,156],{"class":71},[53,43753,464],{"class":75},[53,43755,156],{"class":71},[53,43757,81],{"class":67},[53,43759,165],{"class":71},[53,43761,637],{"class":75},[53,43763,156],{"class":71},[53,43765,81],{"class":67},[53,43767,165],{"class":71},[53,43769,646],{"class":75},[53,43771,156],{"class":71},[53,43773,2995],{"class":67},[20,43775,43776],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[39,43778,43780,43781],{"id":43779},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,43782,42844],{},[20,43784,43785,43786,43788],{},"Do not use ",[15,43787,42844],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,43790,43791],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[193,43793,43794,43800,43806,43809],{},[196,43795,43796,43797,43799],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,43798,4046],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[196,43801,43802,43803,43805],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,43804,42844],{}," values across program runs",[196,43807,43808],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[196,43810,43811,43812],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,43813,42844],{},[20,43815,43816],{},"Bad example:",[44,43818,43820],{"className":46,"code":43819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43821,43822,43834,43846,43850,43872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43823,43824,43826,43828,43830,43832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43825,1908],{"class":59},[53,43827,64],{"class":63},[53,43829,84],{"class":71},[53,43831,36400],{"class":75},[53,43833,2715],{"class":71},[53,43835,43836,43838,43840,43842,43844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43837,1936],{"class":59},[53,43839,64],{"class":63},[53,43841,84],{"class":71},[53,43843,36400],{"class":75},[53,43845,2715],{"class":71},[53,43847,43848],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,43849,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,43851,43852,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866,43868,43870],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,43853,1106],{"class":1105},[53,43855,14176],{"class":131},[53,43857,116],{"class":67},[53,43859,464],{"class":112},[53,43861,3021],{"class":67},[53,43863,5770],{"class":63},[53,43865,14176],{"class":131},[53,43867,116],{"class":67},[53,43869,637],{"class":112},[53,43871,7709],{"class":67},[53,43873,43874,43876,43878,43880,43883,43885],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,43875,7435],{"class":131},[53,43877,116],{"class":67},[53,43879,72],{"class":71},[53,43881,43882],{"class":75},"The values are equal",[53,43884,72],{"class":71},[53,43886,125],{"class":67},[20,43888,43889],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[44,43891,43893],{"className":46,"code":43892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,43894,43895,43908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,43896,43897,43899,43902,43904,43906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,43898,1106],{"class":1105},[53,43900,43901],{"class":59}," a ",[53,43903,4046],{"class":63},[53,43905,1913],{"class":59},[53,43907,1120],{"class":67},[53,43909,43910,43912,43914,43916,43918,43920],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,43911,7435],{"class":131},[53,43913,116],{"class":67},[53,43915,72],{"class":71},[53,43917,43882],{"class":75},[53,43919,72],{"class":71},[53,43921,125],{"class":67},[20,43923,174,43924,1219,43926,43928],{},[15,43925,11558],{},[15,43927,42844],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[39,43930,20157],{"id":20156},[20,43932,43933],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[193,43935,43936,43939,43942,43947],{},[196,43937,43938],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[196,43940,43941],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[196,43943,43944,43945],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,43946,42844],{},[196,43948,43949,43950],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,43951,42844],{},[20,43953,43954],{},"The important rule is:",[193,43956,43957,43962],{},[196,43958,174,43959,43961],{},[15,43960,4046],{}," to check value",[196,43963,174,43964,43966],{},[15,43965,11558],{}," to check identity",[20,43968,43969,43970,43972],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,43971,42844],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[39,43974,2185],{"id":2184},[20,43976,43977,43978,191],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,43979,42844],{},[193,43981,43982,43990,43993,43996,44001],{},[196,43983,7785,43984,43986,43987,43989],{},[15,43985,42844],{}," when ",[15,43988,4046],{}," should be used",[196,43991,43992],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[196,43994,43995],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[196,43997,43998,43999],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44000,42844],{},[196,44002,7785,44003,44005],{},[15,44004,42844],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44007,44008],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[44,44010,44012],{"className":46,"code":44011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44013,44014,44029,44043,44057,44071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44015,44016,44018,44020,44022,44024,44027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44017,132],{"class":131},[53,44019,116],{"class":67},[53,44021,12014],{"class":131},[53,44023,116],{"class":67},[53,44025,44026],{"class":112},"my_object",[53,44028,1377],{"class":67},[53,44030,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44032,132],{"class":131},[53,44034,116],{"class":67},[53,44036,1908],{"class":112},[53,44038,4046],{"class":63},[53,44040,1913],{"class":112},[53,44042,125],{"class":67},[53,44044,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44046,132],{"class":131},[53,44048,116],{"class":67},[53,44050,1908],{"class":112},[53,44052,11558],{"class":1105},[53,44054,1913],{"class":112},[53,44056,125],{"class":67},[53,44058,44059,44061,44063,44065,44067,44069],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,44060,132],{"class":131},[53,44062,116],{"class":67},[53,44064,2578],{"class":550},[53,44066,116],{"class":67},[53,44068,44026],{"class":112},[53,44070,1377],{"class":67},[53,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,44074,31506],{"class":131},[53,44076,116],{"class":67},[53,44078,12014],{"class":131},[53,44080,125],{"class":67},[39,44082,1187],{"id":1186},[599,44084,44086,44087,12080],{"id":44085},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44088,42844],{},[20,44090,44091],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[599,44093,14263,44095,44097],{"id":44094},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44096,42844],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44099,44100],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[599,44102,1216,44104,44106],{"id":44103},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44105,42844],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44108,29625,44109,44111,44112,1219,44114,44116],{},[15,44110,4046],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44113,42844],{},[15,44115,11558],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[599,44118,44120,44121,1222],{"id":44119},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44122,42844],{},[20,44124,44125],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[599,44127,44129,44130,44132],{"id":44128},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44131,42844],{}," values?",[20,44134,44135],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[39,44137,1244],{"id":1243},[193,44139,44140,44145,44150,44155,44163],{},[196,44141,44142],{},[464,44143,44144],{"href":42982},"Python variables explained for beginners",[196,44146,44147],{},[464,44148,44149],{"href":43291},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[196,44151,44152],{},[464,44153,44154],{"href":43295},"Python data types overview",[196,44156,44157],{},[464,44158,2934,44160,2867],{"href":44159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44161,44162],{},"isinstance()",[196,44164,44165],{},[464,44166,44168],{"href":44167},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1276,44170,44171],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":44173},[44174,44176,44177,44178,44179,44180,44182,44184,44185,44186,44198],{"id":42948,"depth":104,"text":44175},"What id() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":43116,"depth":104,"text":43117},{"id":43299,"depth":104,"text":43300},{"id":43411,"depth":104,"text":43412},{"id":43568,"depth":104,"text":44181},"When id() is useful",{"id":43779,"depth":104,"text":44183},"When not to use id()",{"id":20156,"depth":104,"text":20157},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":44187},[44188,44190,44192,44194,44196],{"id":44085,"depth":128,"text":44189},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44094,"depth":128,"text":44191},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44103,"depth":128,"text":44193},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44119,"depth":128,"text":44195},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44128,"depth":128,"text":44197},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":42836,"description":44199},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44206,"title":41549,"body":44207,"description":45847,"extension":1312,"meta":45848,"navigation":383,"path":45849,"seo":45850,"stem":45851,"__hash__":45852},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44208,"toc":45813},[44209,44214,44219,44222,44224,44267,44272,44275,44280,44285,44288,44304,44306,44350,44352,44379,44381,44396,44398,44400,44402,44418,44420,44432,44435,44469,44472,44497,44502,44504,44509,44513,44516,44518,44566,44568,44601,44607,44618,44620,44672,44674,44705,44707,44711,44715,44758,44764,44770,44822,44830,44835,44839,44930,44932,44965,44968,44970,45030,45032,45058,45068,45070,45074,45079,45084,45086,45123,45125,45144,45147,45151,45154,45210,45222,45231,45233,45260,45268,45275,45279,45282,45319,45322,45328,45365,45367,45371,45377,45395,45400,45448,45452,45541,45544,45551,45553,45555,45560,45578,45580,45623,45629,45646,45648,45710,45712,45714,45720,45728,45734,45740,45749,45759,45763,45771,45773,45775,45810],[10,44210,2934,44212,2938],{"id":44211},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44213,2313],{},[20,44215,1329,44216,44218],{},[15,44217,2313],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44220,44221],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[39,44223,42],{"id":41},[44,44225,44227],{"className":46,"code":44226,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44228,44229,44248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44230,44231,44233,44235,44237,44239,44241,44244,44246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44232,7242],{"class":59},[53,44234,64],{"class":63},[53,44236,7609],{"class":131},[53,44238,116],{"class":67},[53,44240,72],{"class":71},[53,44242,44243],{"class":75},"Enter your name: ",[53,44245,72],{"class":71},[53,44247,125],{"class":67},[53,44249,44250,44252,44254,44256,44259,44261,44263,44265],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44251,132],{"class":131},[53,44253,116],{"class":67},[53,44255,72],{"class":71},[53,44257,44258],{"class":75},"Hello, ",[53,44260,72],{"class":71},[53,44262,1808],{"class":63},[53,44264,35347],{"class":112},[53,44266,125],{"class":67},[20,44268,174,44269,44271],{},[15,44270,2313],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44273,44274],"hr",{},[39,44276,183,44278,186],{"id":44277},"what-input-does",[15,44279,2313],{},[20,44281,44282,44284],{},[15,44283,2313],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44286,44287],{},"Here is what happens:",[193,44289,44290,44295,44298,44301],{},[196,44291,44292,44294],{},[15,44293,2313],{}," waits for the user to type",[196,44296,44297],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[196,44299,44300],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[196,44302,44303],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44305,1559],{},[44,44307,44309],{"className":46,"code":44308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44310,44311,44331],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44312,44313,44316,44318,44320,44322,44324,44327,44329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44314,44315],{"class":59},"color ",[53,44317,64],{"class":63},[53,44319,7609],{"class":131},[53,44321,116],{"class":67},[53,44323,72],{"class":71},[53,44325,44326],{"class":75},"What is your favorite color? ",[53,44328,72],{"class":71},[53,44330,125],{"class":67},[53,44332,44333,44335,44337,44339,44342,44344,44346,44348],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44334,132],{"class":131},[53,44336,116],{"class":67},[53,44338,72],{"class":71},[53,44340,44341],{"class":75},"Your favorite color is",[53,44343,72],{"class":71},[53,44345,81],{"class":67},[53,44347,35206],{"class":112},[53,44349,125],{"class":67},[20,44351,143],{},[44,44353,44355],{"className":46,"code":44354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44356,44357,44370],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44358,44359,44361,44363,44366,44368],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44360,183],{"class":59},[53,44362,11558],{"class":63},[53,44364,44365],{"class":59}," your favorite color",[53,44367,1222],{"class":36719},[53,44369,35236],{"class":59},[53,44371,44372,44375,44377],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44373,44374],{"class":59},"Your favorite color ",[53,44376,11558],{"class":63},[53,44378,35236],{"class":59},[20,44380,19313],{},[193,44382,44383,44388,44393],{},[196,44384,44385,44386],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44387,44326],{},[196,44389,44390,44391],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44392,32245],{},[196,44394,44395],{},"That value is then printed",[44273,44397],{},[39,44399,217],{"id":216},[20,44401,6581],{},[44,44403,44405],{"className":46,"code":44404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44406,44407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44408,44409,44411,44413,44416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44410,41818],{"class":131},[53,44412,116],{"class":67},[53,44414,44415],{"class":112},"prompt",[53,44417,125],{"class":67},[20,44419,10824],{},[193,44421,44422,44426,44429],{},[196,44423,1329,44424,19395],{},[15,44425,44415],{},[196,44427,44428],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[196,44430,44431],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44433,44434],{},"Example with a prompt:",[44,44436,44438],{"className":46,"code":44437,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44439,44440,44459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44441,44442,44444,44446,44448,44450,44452,44455,44457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44443,7327],{"class":59},[53,44445,64],{"class":63},[53,44447,7609],{"class":131},[53,44449,116],{"class":67},[53,44451,72],{"class":71},[53,44453,44454],{"class":75},"Enter your username: ",[53,44456,72],{"class":71},[53,44458,125],{"class":67},[53,44460,44461,44463,44465,44467],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44462,132],{"class":131},[53,44464,116],{"class":67},[53,44466,7351],{"class":112},[53,44468,125],{"class":67},[20,44470,44471],{},"Example without a prompt:",[44,44473,44475],{"className":46,"code":44474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44476,44477,44487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44478,44479,44481,44483,44485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44480,1801],{"class":59},[53,44482,64],{"class":63},[53,44484,7609],{"class":131},[53,44486,8011],{"class":67},[53,44488,44489,44491,44493,44495],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44490,132],{"class":131},[53,44492,116],{"class":67},[53,44494,236],{"class":112},[53,44496,125],{"class":67},[20,44498,7127,44499,44501],{},[15,44500,2313],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44273,44503],{},[39,44505,183,44507,11070],{"id":44506},"what-input-returns",[15,44508,2313],{},[20,44510,44511,7592],{},[15,44512,2313],{},[20,44514,44515],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44517,1559],{},[44,44519,44521],{"className":46,"code":44520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44522,44523,44542,44552],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44524,44525,44527,44529,44531,44533,44535,44538,44540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44526,20983],{"class":59},[53,44528,64],{"class":63},[53,44530,7609],{"class":131},[53,44532,116],{"class":67},[53,44534,72],{"class":71},[53,44536,44537],{"class":75},"Enter your age: ",[53,44539,72],{"class":71},[53,44541,125],{"class":67},[53,44543,44544,44546,44548,44550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44545,132],{"class":131},[53,44547,116],{"class":67},[53,44549,8667],{"class":112},[53,44551,125],{"class":67},[53,44553,44554,44556,44558,44560,44562,44564],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44555,132],{"class":131},[53,44557,116],{"class":67},[53,44559,2578],{"class":550},[53,44561,116],{"class":67},[53,44563,8667],{"class":112},[53,44565,1377],{"class":67},[20,44567,143],{},[44,44569,44571],{"className":46,"code":44570,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44572,44573,44583,44587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44574,44575,44578,44580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44576,44577],{"class":59},"Enter your age",[53,44579,191],{"class":67},[53,44581,44582],{"class":273}," 25\n",[53,44584,44585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44586,2063],{"class":273},[53,44588,44589,44591,44593,44595,44597,44599],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44590,2647],{"class":63},[53,44592,2650],{"class":1415},[53,44594,165],{"class":71},[53,44596,2801],{"class":75},[53,44598,156],{"class":71},[53,44600,2659],{"class":63},[20,44602,44603,44604,44606],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44605,8562],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44608,44609,44610,1219,44614,37],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[464,44611,44612],{"href":2230},[15,44613,2233],{},[464,44615,44616],{"href":2236},[15,44617,2239],{},[20,44619,1559],{},[44,44621,44623],{"className":46,"code":44622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44624,44625,44648,44658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44626,44627,44629,44631,44634,44636,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44628,20983],{"class":59},[53,44630,64],{"class":63},[53,44632,44633],{"class":550}," int",[53,44635,116],{"class":67},[53,44637,41818],{"class":131},[53,44639,116],{"class":67},[53,44641,72],{"class":71},[53,44643,44537],{"class":75},[53,44645,72],{"class":71},[53,44647,1377],{"class":67},[53,44649,44650,44652,44654,44656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44651,132],{"class":131},[53,44653,116],{"class":67},[53,44655,8667],{"class":112},[53,44657,125],{"class":67},[53,44659,44660,44662,44664,44666,44668,44670],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44661,132],{"class":131},[53,44663,116],{"class":67},[53,44665,2578],{"class":550},[53,44667,116],{"class":67},[53,44669,8667],{"class":112},[53,44671,1377],{"class":67},[20,44673,143],{},[44,44675,44677],{"className":46,"code":44676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44678,44679,44687,44691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44680,44681,44683,44685],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44682,44577],{"class":59},[53,44684,191],{"class":67},[53,44686,44582],{"class":273},[53,44688,44689],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44690,2063],{"class":273},[53,44692,44693,44695,44697,44699,44701,44703],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44694,2647],{"class":63},[53,44696,2650],{"class":1415},[53,44698,165],{"class":71},[53,44700,1539],{"class":75},[53,44702,156],{"class":71},[53,44704,2659],{"class":63},[44273,44706],{},[39,44708,44710],{"id":44709},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[599,44712,44714],{"id":44713},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[44,44716,44718],{"className":46,"code":44717,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44719,44720,44739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44721,44722,44724,44726,44728,44730,44732,44735,44737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44723,7242],{"class":59},[53,44725,64],{"class":63},[53,44727,7609],{"class":131},[53,44729,116],{"class":67},[53,44731,72],{"class":71},[53,44733,44734],{"class":75},"What is your name? ",[53,44736,72],{"class":71},[53,44738,125],{"class":67},[53,44740,44741,44743,44745,44747,44750,44752,44754,44756],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44742,132],{"class":131},[53,44744,116],{"class":67},[53,44746,72],{"class":71},[53,44748,44749],{"class":75},"Hello,",[53,44751,72],{"class":71},[53,44753,81],{"class":67},[53,44755,35347],{"class":112},[53,44757,125],{"class":67},[20,44759,44760,44761,44763],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,44762,7032],{}," and prints it.",[599,44765,44767,44768],{"id":44766},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,44769,2233],{},[44,44771,44773],{"className":46,"code":44772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,44774,44775,44798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44776,44777,44779,44781,44783,44785,44787,44789,44791,44794,44796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44778,20983],{"class":59},[53,44780,64],{"class":63},[53,44782,44633],{"class":550},[53,44784,116],{"class":67},[53,44786,41818],{"class":131},[53,44788,116],{"class":67},[53,44790,72],{"class":71},[53,44792,44793],{"class":75},"How old are you? ",[53,44795,72],{"class":71},[53,44797,1377],{"class":67},[53,44799,44800,44802,44804,44806,44809,44811,44813,44816,44818,44820],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44801,132],{"class":131},[53,44803,116],{"class":67},[53,44805,72],{"class":71},[53,44807,44808],{"class":75},"Next year you will be",[53,44810,72],{"class":71},[53,44812,81],{"class":67},[53,44814,44815],{"class":112}," age ",[53,44817,1409],{"class":63},[53,44819,4858],{"class":273},[53,44821,125],{"class":67},[20,44823,5422,44824,44826,44827,44829],{},[15,44825,2233],{}," converts the text from ",[15,44828,2313],{}," into a whole number.",[20,44831,44832,44833,37],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[464,44834,8349],{"href":8348},[599,44836,44838],{"id":44837},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[44,44840,44842],{"className":46,"code":44841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,44843,44844,44868,44892,44906,44910],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44845,44846,44849,44851,44853,44855,44857,44859,44861,44864,44866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44847,44848],{"class":59},"num1 ",[53,44850,64],{"class":63},[53,44852,44633],{"class":550},[53,44854,116],{"class":67},[53,44856,41818],{"class":131},[53,44858,116],{"class":67},[53,44860,72],{"class":71},[53,44862,44863],{"class":75},"Enter the first number: ",[53,44865,72],{"class":71},[53,44867,1377],{"class":67},[53,44869,44870,44873,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44888,44890],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44871,44872],{"class":59},"num2 ",[53,44874,64],{"class":63},[53,44876,44633],{"class":550},[53,44878,116],{"class":67},[53,44880,41818],{"class":131},[53,44882,116],{"class":67},[53,44884,72],{"class":71},[53,44886,44887],{"class":75},"Enter the second number: ",[53,44889,72],{"class":71},[53,44891,1377],{"class":67},[53,44893,44894,44896,44898,44901,44903],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44895,40537],{"class":59},[53,44897,64],{"class":63},[53,44899,44900],{"class":59}," num1 ",[53,44902,1409],{"class":63},[53,44904,44905],{"class":59}," num2\n",[53,44907,44908],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,44909,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,44911,44912,44914,44916,44918,44921,44923,44925,44928],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,44913,132],{"class":131},[53,44915,116],{"class":67},[53,44917,72],{"class":71},[53,44919,44920],{"class":75},"Total:",[53,44922,72],{"class":71},[53,44924,81],{"class":67},[53,44926,44927],{"class":112}," total",[53,44929,125],{"class":67},[20,44931,143],{},[44,44933,44935],{"className":46,"code":44934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,44936,44937,44947,44956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44938,44939,44942,44944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44940,44941],{"class":59},"Enter the first number",[53,44943,191],{"class":67},[53,44945,44946],{"class":273}," 2\n",[53,44948,44949,44952,44954],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44950,44951],{"class":59},"Enter the second number",[53,44953,191],{"class":67},[53,44955,1931],{"class":273},[53,44957,44958,44961,44963],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,44959,44960],{"class":59},"Total",[53,44962,191],{"class":67},[53,44964,34196],{"class":273},[20,44966,44967],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,44969,1559],{},[44,44971,44973],{"className":46,"code":44972,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,44974,44975,44993,45011,45015],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,44976,44977,44979,44981,44983,44985,44987,44989,44991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,44978,44848],{"class":59},[53,44980,64],{"class":63},[53,44982,7609],{"class":131},[53,44984,116],{"class":67},[53,44986,72],{"class":71},[53,44988,44863],{"class":75},[53,44990,72],{"class":71},[53,44992,125],{"class":67},[53,44994,44995,44997,44999,45001,45003,45005,45007,45009],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,44996,44872],{"class":59},[53,44998,64],{"class":63},[53,45000,7609],{"class":131},[53,45002,116],{"class":67},[53,45004,72],{"class":71},[53,45006,44887],{"class":75},[53,45008,72],{"class":71},[53,45010,125],{"class":67},[53,45012,45013],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45014,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,45016,45017,45019,45021,45023,45025,45028],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,45018,132],{"class":131},[53,45020,116],{"class":67},[53,45022,44848],{"class":112},[53,45024,1409],{"class":63},[53,45026,45027],{"class":112}," num2",[53,45029,125],{"class":67},[20,45031,143],{},[44,45033,45035],{"className":46,"code":45034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45036,45037,45045,45053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45038,45039,45041,45043],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45040,44941],{"class":59},[53,45042,191],{"class":67},[53,45044,44946],{"class":273},[53,45046,45047,45049,45051],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45048,44951],{"class":59},[53,45050,191],{"class":67},[53,45052,1931],{"class":273},[53,45054,45055],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45056,45057],{"class":273},"23\n",[20,45059,45060,45061,45064,45065,37],{},"That happens because ",[15,45062,45063],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45066,45067],{},"\"23\"",[44273,45069],{},[39,45071,45073],{"id":45072},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45075,45076,45077,37],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45078,2313],{},[599,45080,4062,45082,40897],{"id":45081},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45083,2313],{},[20,45085,38552],{},[44,45087,45089],{"className":46,"code":45088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45090,45091,45109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45092,45093,45095,45097,45099,45101,45103,45105,45107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45094,1801],{"class":59},[53,45096,64],{"class":63},[53,45098,7609],{"class":131},[53,45100,116],{"class":67},[53,45102,72],{"class":71},[53,45104,41226],{"class":75},[53,45106,72],{"class":71},[53,45108,125],{"class":67},[53,45110,45111,45113,45115,45117,45119,45121],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45112,132],{"class":131},[53,45114,116],{"class":67},[53,45116,2578],{"class":550},[53,45118,116],{"class":67},[53,45120,236],{"class":112},[53,45122,1377],{"class":67},[20,45124,772],{},[44,45126,45128],{"className":46,"code":45127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45129,45130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45131,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45133,2647],{"class":63},[53,45135,2650],{"class":1415},[53,45137,165],{"class":71},[53,45139,2801],{"class":75},[53,45141,156],{"class":71},[53,45143,2659],{"class":63},[20,45145,45146],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[599,45148,45150],{"id":45149},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45152,45153],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[44,45155,45157],{"className":46,"code":45156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45158,45159,45177,45196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45160,45161,45163,45165,45167,45169,45171,45173,45175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45162,1908],{"class":59},[53,45164,64],{"class":63},[53,45166,7609],{"class":131},[53,45168,116],{"class":67},[53,45170,72],{"class":71},[53,45172,41226],{"class":75},[53,45174,72],{"class":71},[53,45176,125],{"class":67},[53,45178,45179,45181,45183,45185,45187,45189,45192,45194],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45180,1936],{"class":59},[53,45182,64],{"class":63},[53,45184,7609],{"class":131},[53,45186,116],{"class":67},[53,45188,72],{"class":71},[53,45190,45191],{"class":75},"Enter another number: ",[53,45193,72],{"class":71},[53,45195,125],{"class":67},[53,45197,45198,45200,45202,45204,45206,45208],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45199,132],{"class":131},[53,45201,116],{"class":67},[53,45203,1908],{"class":112},[53,45205,1409],{"class":63},[53,45207,1913],{"class":112},[53,45209,125],{"class":67},[20,45211,40475,45212,594,45214,45216,45217,18320,45220,37],{},[15,45213,1858],{},[15,45215,1487],{},", the result is ",[15,45218,45219],{},"45",[15,45221,1495],{},[599,45223,45225,45226,45228,45229],{"id":45224},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45227,40058],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45230,2233],{},[20,45232,1559],{},[44,45234,45236],{"className":46,"code":45235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45237,45238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45239,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250,45252,45254,45256,45258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45241,20983],{"class":59},[53,45243,64],{"class":63},[53,45245,44633],{"class":550},[53,45247,116],{"class":67},[53,45249,41818],{"class":131},[53,45251,116],{"class":67},[53,45253,72],{"class":71},[53,45255,44537],{"class":75},[53,45257,72],{"class":71},[53,45259,1377],{"class":67},[20,45261,7638,45262,45265,45266,37],{},[15,45263,45264],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45267,40058],{},[20,45269,45270,45271,37],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[464,45272,45274],{"href":45273},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[599,45276,45278],{"id":45277},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45280,45281],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[44,45283,45285],{"className":46,"code":45284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45286,45287,45305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45288,45289,45291,45293,45295,45297,45299,45301,45303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45290,7242],{"class":59},[53,45292,64],{"class":63},[53,45294,7609],{"class":131},[53,45296,116],{"class":67},[53,45298,72],{"class":71},[53,45300,44243],{"class":75},[53,45302,72],{"class":71},[53,45304,125],{"class":67},[53,45306,45307,45309,45311,45313,45315,45317],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45308,132],{"class":131},[53,45310,116],{"class":67},[53,45312,41134],{"class":131},[53,45314,116],{"class":67},[53,45316,7032],{"class":112},[53,45318,1377],{"class":67},[20,45320,45321],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45323,45324,45325,191],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45326,45327],{},".strip()",[44,45329,45331],{"className":46,"code":45330,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45332,45333,45355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45334,45335,45337,45339,45341,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45336,7242],{"class":59},[53,45338,64],{"class":63},[53,45340,7609],{"class":131},[53,45342,116],{"class":67},[53,45344,72],{"class":71},[53,45346,44243],{"class":75},[53,45348,72],{"class":71},[53,45350,7999],{"class":67},[53,45352,8002],{"class":112},[53,45354,8011],{"class":67},[53,45356,45357,45359,45361,45363],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45358,132],{"class":131},[53,45360,116],{"class":67},[53,45362,7032],{"class":112},[53,45364,125],{"class":67},[44273,45366],{},[39,45368,45370],{"id":45369},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45372,45373,45374,45376],{},"These habits make ",[15,45375,2313],{}," easier and safer to use.",[193,45378,45379,45382,45387,45390],{},[196,45380,45381],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[196,45383,174,45384,45386],{},[15,45385,45327],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[196,45388,45389],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[196,45391,174,45392,45394],{},[15,45393,29137],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45396,45397,45398,191],{},"Example with ",[15,45399,45327],{},[44,45401,45403],{"className":46,"code":45402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45404,45405,45429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45406,45407,45410,45412,45414,45416,45418,45421,45423,45425,45427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45408,45409],{"class":59},"city ",[53,45411,64],{"class":63},[53,45413,7609],{"class":131},[53,45415,116],{"class":67},[53,45417,72],{"class":71},[53,45419,45420],{"class":75},"Enter your city: ",[53,45422,72],{"class":71},[53,45424,7999],{"class":67},[53,45426,8002],{"class":112},[53,45428,8011],{"class":67},[53,45430,45431,45433,45435,45437,45440,45442,45444,45446],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45432,132],{"class":131},[53,45434,116],{"class":67},[53,45436,72],{"class":71},[53,45438,45439],{"class":75},"City:",[53,45441,72],{"class":71},[53,45443,81],{"class":67},[53,45445,30738],{"class":112},[53,45447,125],{"class":67},[20,45449,45397,45450,191],{},[15,45451,29137],{},[44,45453,45455],{"className":46,"code":45454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45456,45457,45463,45486,45518,45526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45458,45459,45461],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45460,29159],{"class":1105},[53,45462,1120],{"class":67},[53,45464,45465,45468,45470,45472,45474,45476,45478,45480,45482,45484],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45466,45467],{"class":59},"    age ",[53,45469,64],{"class":63},[53,45471,44633],{"class":550},[53,45473,116],{"class":67},[53,45475,41818],{"class":131},[53,45477,116],{"class":67},[53,45479,72],{"class":71},[53,45481,44537],{"class":75},[53,45483,72],{"class":71},[53,45485,1377],{"class":67},[53,45487,45488,45490,45492,45494,45497,45499,45501,45503,45505,45507,45509,45511,45514,45516],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45489,7435],{"class":131},[53,45491,116],{"class":67},[53,45493,72],{"class":71},[53,45495,45496],{"class":75},"You will be",[53,45498,72],{"class":71},[53,45500,81],{"class":67},[53,45502,44815],{"class":112},[53,45504,1409],{"class":63},[53,45506,4858],{"class":273},[53,45508,81],{"class":67},[53,45510,84],{"class":71},[53,45512,45513],{"class":75},"next year",[53,45515,72],{"class":71},[53,45517,125],{"class":67},[53,45519,45520,45522,45524],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,45521,29190],{"class":1105},[53,45523,41281],{"class":550},[53,45525,1120],{"class":67},[53,45527,45528,45530,45532,45534,45537,45539],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,45529,7435],{"class":131},[53,45531,116],{"class":67},[53,45533,72],{"class":71},[53,45535,45536],{"class":75},"Please enter a whole number.",[53,45538,72],{"class":71},[53,45540,125],{"class":67},[20,45542,45543],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45545,45546,45547,37],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[464,45548,45550],{"href":45549},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44273,45552],{},[39,45554,2185],{"id":2184},[20,45556,45557,45558,191],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45559,2313],{},[193,45561,45562,45569,45572,45575],{},[196,45563,45564,45565,1219,45567],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45566,2233],{},[15,45568,2239],{},[196,45570,45571],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[196,45573,45574],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[196,45576,45577],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45579,31436],{},[44,45581,45583],{"className":46,"code":45582,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45584,45585,45595,45609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45586,45587,45589,45591,45593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45588,132],{"class":131},[53,45590,116],{"class":67},[53,45592,236],{"class":112},[53,45594,125],{"class":67},[53,45596,45597,45599,45601,45603,45605,45607],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45598,132],{"class":131},[53,45600,116],{"class":67},[53,45602,2578],{"class":550},[53,45604,116],{"class":67},[53,45606,236],{"class":112},[53,45608,1377],{"class":67},[53,45610,45611,45613,45615,45617,45619,45621],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45612,132],{"class":131},[53,45614,116],{"class":67},[53,45616,41134],{"class":131},[53,45618,116],{"class":67},[53,45620,236],{"class":112},[53,45622,1377],{"class":67},[20,45624,45625,45626,45628],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45627,2313],{}," actually returned:",[193,45630,45631,45636,45641],{},[196,45632,45633,45635],{},[15,45634,41182],{}," shows the value",[196,45637,45638,45640],{},[15,45639,41188],{}," shows the data type",[196,45642,45643,45645],{},[15,45644,41193],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45647,1559],{},[44,45649,45651],{"className":46,"code":45650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45652,45653,45672,45682,45696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45654,45655,45657,45659,45661,45663,45665,45668,45670],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45656,1801],{"class":59},[53,45658,64],{"class":63},[53,45660,7609],{"class":131},[53,45662,116],{"class":67},[53,45664,72],{"class":71},[53,45666,45667],{"class":75},"Enter something: ",[53,45669,72],{"class":71},[53,45671,125],{"class":67},[53,45673,45674,45676,45678,45680],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45675,132],{"class":131},[53,45677,116],{"class":67},[53,45679,236],{"class":112},[53,45681,125],{"class":67},[53,45683,45684,45686,45688,45690,45692,45694],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45685,132],{"class":131},[53,45687,116],{"class":67},[53,45689,2578],{"class":550},[53,45691,116],{"class":67},[53,45693,236],{"class":112},[53,45695,1377],{"class":67},[53,45697,45698,45700,45702,45704,45706,45708],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,45699,132],{"class":131},[53,45701,116],{"class":67},[53,45703,41134],{"class":131},[53,45705,116],{"class":67},[53,45707,236],{"class":112},[53,45709,1377],{"class":67},[44273,45711],{},[39,45713,1187],{"id":1186},[599,45715,1191,45717,45719],{"id":45716},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45718,2313],{}," return an integer?",[20,45721,45722,45723,45725,45726,39283],{},"No. ",[15,45724,2313],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45727,2233],{},[599,45729,45731,45732,1222],{"id":45730},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45733,2313],{},[20,45735,45736,45737,45739],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45738,2313],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[599,45741,4517,45743,45746,45747,1222],{"id":45742},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45744,45745],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45748,2313],{},[20,45750,28417,45751,45753,45754,41510,45756,45758],{},[15,45752,2313],{}," returns strings. ",[15,45755,45063],{},[15,45757,45067],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[599,45760,45762],{"id":45761},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,45764,174,45765,45767,45768,37],{},[15,45766,45327],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,45769,45770],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44273,45772],{},[39,45774,1244],{"id":1243},[193,45776,45777,45782,45786,45792,45798,45802],{},[196,45778,45779],{},[464,45780,45781],{"href":45549},"How to get user input in Python",[196,45783,45784],{},[464,45785,8426],{"href":8348},[196,45787,45788],{},[464,45789,2934,45790,2867],{"href":2230},[15,45791,2233],{},[196,45793,45794],{},[464,45795,2934,45796,2867],{"href":2236},[15,45797,2239],{},[196,45799,45800],{},[464,45801,45274],{"href":45273},[196,45803,45804],{},[464,45805,2934,45807,2867],{"href":45806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,45808,45809],{},"print()",[1276,45811,45812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":45814},[45815,45816,45818,45819,45821,45827,45835,45836,45837,45846],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":44277,"depth":104,"text":45817},"What input() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":44506,"depth":104,"text":45820},"What input() returns",{"id":44709,"depth":104,"text":44710,"children":45822},[45823,45824,45826],{"id":44713,"depth":128,"text":44714},{"id":44766,"depth":128,"text":45825},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":44837,"depth":128,"text":44838},{"id":45072,"depth":104,"text":45073,"children":45828},[45829,45831,45832,45834],{"id":45081,"depth":128,"text":45830},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45149,"depth":128,"text":45150},{"id":45224,"depth":128,"text":45833},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45277,"depth":128,"text":45278},{"id":45369,"depth":104,"text":45370},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":45838},[45839,45841,45843,45845],{"id":45716,"depth":128,"text":45840},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45730,"depth":128,"text":45842},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45742,"depth":128,"text":45844},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":45761,"depth":128,"text":45762},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41549,"description":45847},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":45854,"title":41451,"body":45855,"description":48168,"extension":1312,"meta":48169,"navigation":383,"path":48170,"seo":48171,"stem":48172,"__hash__":48173},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":45856,"toc":48120},[45857,45862,45867,45872,45893,45896,45898,45958,45960,45979,45984,45989,45994,45996,46009,46011,46094,46096,46137,46143,46145,46175,46181,46184,46201,46203,46255,46257,46275,46281,46287,46290,46308,46310,46383,46385,46404,46411,46417,46422,46425,46485,46487,46506,46509,46512,46527,46533,46537,46598,46600,46621,46625,46754,46756,46886,46896,46902,46908,46916,46982,46984,47009,47012,47029,47042,47048,47051,47084,47086,47099,47102,47145,47147,47155,47162,47166,47173,47177,47204,47206,47214,47220,47237,47242,47246,47273,47275,47283,47287,47292,47295,47321,47324,47333,47341,47345,47355,47359,47362,47364,47415,47417,47447,47457,47484,47486,47494,47504,47508,47511,47513,47561,47563,47607,47613,47664,47666,47685,47690,47695,47698,47717,47720,47772,47774,47783,47785,47789,47793,47796,47805,47812,47814,47841,47845,47847,47856,47859,47866,47872,47932,47936,47938,47946,47949,47975,47981,47984,48004,48006,48015,48023,48025,48031,48036,48043,48053,48059,48067,48071,48074,48076,48117],[10,45858,2934,45860,2938],{"id":45859},"python-int-function-explained",[15,45861,2233],{},[20,45863,31671,45864,45866],{},[15,45865,2233],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,45868,34760,45869,45871],{},[15,45870,2233],{}," when they want to:",[193,45873,45874,45884,45887,45890],{},[196,45875,45876,45877,45880,45881],{},"turn text like ",[15,45878,45879],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,45882,45883],{},"42",[196,45885,45886],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[196,45888,45889],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[196,45891,45892],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,45894,45895],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[39,45897,42],{"id":41},[44,45899,45901],{"className":46,"code":45900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,45902,45903,45921,45935],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45904,45905,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45906,132],{"class":131},[53,45908,116],{"class":67},[53,45910,1539],{"class":550},[53,45912,116],{"class":67},[53,45914,72],{"class":71},[53,45916,45883],{"class":75},[53,45918,72],{"class":71},[53,45920,1377],{"class":67},[53,45922,45923,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45924,132],{"class":131},[53,45926,116],{"class":67},[53,45928,1539],{"class":550},[53,45930,116],{"class":67},[53,45932,41339],{"class":273},[53,45934,1377],{"class":67},[53,45936,45937,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947,45950,45952,45954,45956],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45938,132],{"class":131},[53,45940,116],{"class":67},[53,45942,1539],{"class":550},[53,45944,116],{"class":67},[53,45946,72],{"class":71},[53,45948,45949],{"class":75},"101",[53,45951,72],{"class":71},[53,45953,81],{"class":67},[53,45955,279],{"class":273},[53,45957,1377],{"class":67},[20,45959,772],{},[44,45961,45963],{"className":46,"code":45962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,45964,45965,45970,45975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,45966,45967],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,45968,45969],{"class":273},"42\n",[53,45971,45972],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,45973,45974],{"class":273},"3\n",[53,45976,45977],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,45978,2302],{"class":273},[20,45980,174,45981,45983],{},[15,45982,2233],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[39,45985,183,45987,186],{"id":45986},"what-int-does",[15,45988,2233],{},[20,45990,45991,45993],{},[15,45992,2233],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,45995,12416],{},[193,45997,45998,46003,46006],{},[196,45999,46000,46001,6703],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46002,1539],{},[196,46004,46005],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[196,46007,46008],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46010,1559],{},[44,46012,46014],{"className":46,"code":46013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46015,46016,46028,46042,46046,46056,46066,46080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46017,46018,46020,46022,46024,46026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46019,34042],{"class":59},[53,46021,64],{"class":63},[53,46023,84],{"class":71},[53,46025,8562],{"class":75},[53,46027,2715],{"class":71},[53,46029,46030,46032,46034,46036,46038,46040],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46031,1569],{"class":59},[53,46033,64],{"class":63},[53,46035,44633],{"class":550},[53,46037,116],{"class":67},[53,46039,34063],{"class":112},[53,46041,125],{"class":67},[53,46043,46044],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46045,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,46047,46048,46050,46052,46054],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,46049,132],{"class":131},[53,46051,116],{"class":67},[53,46053,34063],{"class":112},[53,46055,125],{"class":67},[53,46057,46058,46060,46062,46064],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,46059,132],{"class":131},[53,46061,116],{"class":67},[53,46063,1592],{"class":112},[53,46065,125],{"class":67},[53,46067,46068,46070,46072,46074,46076,46078],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,46069,132],{"class":131},[53,46071,116],{"class":67},[53,46073,2578],{"class":550},[53,46075,116],{"class":67},[53,46077,34063],{"class":112},[53,46079,1377],{"class":67},[53,46081,46082,46084,46086,46088,46090,46092],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,46083,132],{"class":131},[53,46085,116],{"class":67},[53,46087,2578],{"class":550},[53,46089,116],{"class":67},[53,46091,1592],{"class":112},[53,46093,1377],{"class":67},[20,46095,772],{},[44,46097,46099],{"className":46,"code":46098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46100,46101,46105,46109,46123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46102,46103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46104,2063],{"class":273},[53,46106,46107],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46108,2063],{"class":273},[53,46110,46111,46113,46115,46117,46119,46121],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46112,2647],{"class":63},[53,46114,2650],{"class":1415},[53,46116,165],{"class":71},[53,46118,2801],{"class":75},[53,46120,156],{"class":71},[53,46122,2659],{"class":63},[53,46124,46125,46127,46129,46131,46133,46135],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,46126,2647],{"class":63},[53,46128,2650],{"class":1415},[53,46130,165],{"class":71},[53,46132,1539],{"class":75},[53,46134,156],{"class":71},[53,46136,2659],{"class":63},[20,46138,46139,46140,46142],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46141,2233],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[39,46144,217],{"id":216},[44,46146,46148],{"className":46,"code":46147,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46149,46150,46160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46151,46152,46154,46156,46158],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46153,1539],{"class":550},[53,46155,116],{"class":67},[53,46157,1524],{"class":112},[53,46159,125],{"class":67},[53,46161,46162,46164,46166,46168,46170,46173],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46163,1539],{"class":550},[53,46165,116],{"class":67},[53,46167,1524],{"class":112},[53,46169,81],{"class":67},[53,46171,46172],{"class":112}," base",[53,46174,125],{"class":67},[599,46176,46178],{"id":46177},"intx",[15,46179,46180],{},"int(x)",[20,46182,46183],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[193,46185,46186,46191,46196],{},[196,46187,46188,46189],{},"a string such as ",[15,46190,41481],{},[196,46192,46193,46194],{},"a float such as ",[15,46195,41339],{},[196,46197,46198,46199],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46200,2963],{},[20,46202,1559],{},[44,46204,46206],{"className":46,"code":46205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46207,46208,46226,46241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46209,46210,46212,46214,46216,46218,46220,46222,46224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46211,132],{"class":131},[53,46213,116],{"class":67},[53,46215,1539],{"class":550},[53,46217,116],{"class":67},[53,46219,72],{"class":71},[53,46221,1684],{"class":75},[53,46223,72],{"class":71},[53,46225,1377],{"class":67},[53,46227,46228,46230,46232,46234,46236,46239],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46229,132],{"class":131},[53,46231,116],{"class":67},[53,46233,1539],{"class":550},[53,46235,116],{"class":67},[53,46237,46238],{"class":273},"8.7",[53,46240,1377],{"class":67},[53,46242,46243,46245,46247,46249,46251,46253],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46244,132],{"class":131},[53,46246,116],{"class":67},[53,46248,1539],{"class":550},[53,46250,116],{"class":67},[53,46252,2963],{"class":938},[53,46254,1377],{"class":67},[20,46256,772],{},[44,46258,46260],{"className":46,"code":46259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46261,46262,46266,46270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46263,46264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46265,1730],{"class":273},[53,46267,46268],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46269,1735],{"class":273},[53,46271,46272],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46273,46274],{"class":273},"1\n",[599,46276,46278],{"id":46277},"intx-base",[15,46279,46280],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46282,46283,46284,46286],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46285,1524],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46288,46289],{},"Common bases:",[193,46291,46292,46297,46302],{},[196,46293,46294,46296],{},[15,46295,300],{}," for binary",[196,46298,46299,46301],{},[15,46300,1699],{}," for octal",[196,46303,46304,46307],{},[15,46305,46306],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46309,1559],{},[44,46311,46313],{"className":46,"code":46312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46314,46315,46337,46360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46316,46317,46319,46321,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331,46333,46335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46318,132],{"class":131},[53,46320,116],{"class":67},[53,46322,1539],{"class":550},[53,46324,116],{"class":67},[53,46326,72],{"class":71},[53,46328,45949],{"class":75},[53,46330,72],{"class":71},[53,46332,81],{"class":67},[53,46334,279],{"class":273},[53,46336,1377],{"class":67},[53,46338,46339,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349,46352,46354,46356,46358],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46340,132],{"class":131},[53,46342,116],{"class":67},[53,46344,1539],{"class":550},[53,46346,116],{"class":67},[53,46348,72],{"class":71},[53,46350,46351],{"class":75},"17",[53,46353,72],{"class":71},[53,46355,81],{"class":67},[53,46357,5722],{"class":273},[53,46359,1377],{"class":67},[53,46361,46362,46364,46366,46368,46370,46372,46375,46377,46379,46381],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46363,132],{"class":131},[53,46365,116],{"class":67},[53,46367,1539],{"class":550},[53,46369,116],{"class":67},[53,46371,72],{"class":71},[53,46373,46374],{"class":75},"1A",[53,46376,72],{"class":71},[53,46378,81],{"class":67},[53,46380,13347],{"class":273},[53,46382,1377],{"class":67},[20,46384,772],{},[44,46386,46388],{"className":46,"code":46387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46389,46390,46394,46399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46391,46392],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46393,2302],{"class":273},[53,46395,46396],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46397,46398],{"class":273},"15\n",[53,46400,46401],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46402,46403],{"class":273},"26\n",[20,46405,46406,46407,37],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[464,46408,46409,1656],{"href":2236},[15,46410,2239],{},[39,46412,7785,46414,46416],{"id":46413},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46415,2233],{}," with strings",[20,46418,46419,46421],{},[15,46420,2233],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46423,46424],{},"Examples that work:",[44,46426,46428],{"className":46,"code":46427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46429,46430,46448,46466],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46431,46432,46434,46436,46438,46440,46442,46444,46446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46433,132],{"class":131},[53,46435,116],{"class":67},[53,46437,1539],{"class":550},[53,46439,116],{"class":67},[53,46441,72],{"class":71},[53,46443,1487],{"class":75},[53,46445,72],{"class":71},[53,46447,1377],{"class":67},[53,46449,46450,46452,46454,46456,46458,46460,46462,46464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46451,132],{"class":131},[53,46453,116],{"class":67},[53,46455,1539],{"class":550},[53,46457,116],{"class":67},[53,46459,72],{"class":71},[53,46461,1645],{"class":75},[53,46463,72],{"class":71},[53,46465,1377],{"class":67},[53,46467,46468,46470,46472,46474,46476,46478,46481,46483],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46469,132],{"class":131},[53,46471,116],{"class":67},[53,46473,1539],{"class":550},[53,46475,116],{"class":67},[53,46477,72],{"class":71},[53,46479,46480],{"class":75},"  42  ",[53,46482,72],{"class":71},[53,46484,1377],{"class":67},[20,46486,772],{},[44,46488,46490],{"className":46,"code":46489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46491,46492,46496,46502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46493,46494],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46495,2302],{"class":273},[53,46497,46498,46500],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46499,1371],{"class":63},[53,46501,1577],{"class":273},[53,46503,46504],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46505,45969],{"class":273},[20,46507,46508],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46510,46511],{},"Examples that fail:",[44,46513,46515],{"className":46,"code":46514,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46516,46517,46522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46518,46519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46520,46521],{"class":3024},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[53,46523,46524],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46525,46526],{"class":3024},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46528,46529,46530,46532],{},"These raise ",[15,46531,40058],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[599,46534,46536],{"id":46535},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[44,46538,46540],{"className":46,"code":46539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46541,46542,46560,46579],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46543,46544,46546,46548,46550,46552,46554,46556,46558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46545,132],{"class":131},[53,46547,116],{"class":67},[53,46549,1539],{"class":550},[53,46551,116],{"class":67},[53,46553,72],{"class":71},[53,46555,1470],{"class":75},[53,46557,72],{"class":71},[53,46559,1377],{"class":67},[53,46561,46562,46564,46566,46568,46570,46572,46575,46577],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46563,132],{"class":131},[53,46565,116],{"class":67},[53,46567,1539],{"class":550},[53,46569,116],{"class":67},[53,46571,72],{"class":71},[53,46573,46574],{"class":75},"+7",[53,46576,72],{"class":71},[53,46578,1377],{"class":67},[53,46580,46581,46583,46585,46587,46589,46591,46594,46596],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46582,132],{"class":131},[53,46584,116],{"class":67},[53,46586,1539],{"class":550},[53,46588,116],{"class":67},[53,46590,72],{"class":71},[53,46592,46593],{"class":75},"-100",[53,46595,72],{"class":71},[53,46597,1377],{"class":67},[20,46599,772],{},[44,46601,46603],{"className":46,"code":46602,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46604,46605,46610,46614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46606,46607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46608,46609],{"class":273},"0\n",[53,46611,46612],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46613,1430],{"class":273},[53,46615,46616,46618],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46617,1371],{"class":63},[53,46619,46620],{"class":273},"100\n",[599,46622,46624],{"id":46623},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[44,46626,46628],{"className":46,"code":46627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46629,46630,46668,46672,46684,46691,46706,46721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46631,46632,46634,46636,46638,46640,46642,46644,46646,46648,46651,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661,46664,46666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46633,3183],{"class":59},[53,46635,64],{"class":63},[53,46637,2982],{"class":67},[53,46639,72],{"class":71},[53,46641,39497],{"class":75},[53,46643,72],{"class":71},[53,46645,81],{"class":67},[53,46647,84],{"class":71},[53,46649,46650],{"class":75},"12abc",[53,46652,72],{"class":71},[53,46654,81],{"class":67},[53,46656,5488],{"class":71},[53,46658,81],{"class":67},[53,46660,84],{"class":71},[53,46662,46663],{"class":75},"seven",[53,46665,72],{"class":71},[53,46667,2995],{"class":67},[53,46669,46670],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46671,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,46673,46674,46676,46678,46680,46682],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46675,5319],{"class":1105},[53,46677,20939],{"class":59},[53,46679,1067],{"class":1105},[53,46681,3245],{"class":59},[53,46683,1120],{"class":67},[53,46685,46686,46689],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,46687,46688],{"class":1105},"    try",[53,46690,1120],{"class":67},[53,46692,46693,46696,46698,46700,46702,46704],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,46694,46695],{"class":131},"        print",[53,46697,116],{"class":67},[53,46699,1539],{"class":550},[53,46701,116],{"class":67},[53,46703,236],{"class":112},[53,46705,1377],{"class":67},[53,46707,46708,46711,46713,46716,46719],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,46709,46710],{"class":1105},"    except",[53,46712,41281],{"class":550},[53,46714,46715],{"class":1105}," as",[53,46717,46718],{"class":59}," error",[53,46720,1120],{"class":67},[53,46722,46723,46725,46727,46729,46731,46733,46735,46738,46740,46743,46745,46748,46750,46752],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,46724,46695],{"class":131},[53,46726,116],{"class":67},[53,46728,21648],{"class":1415},[53,46730,72],{"class":75},[53,46732,153],{"class":273},[53,46734,236],{"class":112},[53,46736,46737],{"class":1415},"!r",[53,46739,21657],{"class":273},[53,46741,46742],{"class":75}," -> ",[53,46744,153],{"class":273},[53,46746,46747],{"class":112},"error",[53,46749,21657],{"class":273},[53,46751,72],{"class":75},[53,46753,125],{"class":67},[20,46755,772],{},[44,46757,46759],{"className":46,"code":46758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,46760,46761,46797,46829,46854],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46762,46763,46765,46767,46769,46772,46775,46777,46779,46781,46784,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46764,156],{"class":42684},[53,46766,39497],{"class":42688},[53,46768,156],{"class":42684},[53,46770,46771],{"class":36719}," ->",[53,46773,46774],{"class":59}," invalid literal ",[53,46776,5319],{"class":1105},[53,46778,44633],{"class":550},[53,46780,6729],{"class":67},[53,46782,46783],{"class":1105}," with",[53,46785,46786],{"class":59}," base ",[53,46788,1684],{"class":273},[53,46790,191],{"class":67},[53,46792,165],{"class":71},[53,46794,39497],{"class":75},[53,46796,559],{"class":71},[53,46798,46799,46801,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819,46821,46823,46825,46827],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46800,156],{"class":71},[53,46802,46650],{"class":75},[53,46804,156],{"class":71},[53,46806,46771],{"class":36719},[53,46808,46774],{"class":59},[53,46810,5319],{"class":1105},[53,46812,44633],{"class":550},[53,46814,6729],{"class":67},[53,46816,46783],{"class":1105},[53,46818,46786],{"class":59},[53,46820,1684],{"class":273},[53,46822,191],{"class":67},[53,46824,165],{"class":71},[53,46826,46650],{"class":75},[53,46828,559],{"class":71},[53,46830,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46841,46843,46845,46847,46849,46851],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46832,3134],{"class":71},[53,46834,46771],{"class":36719},[53,46836,46774],{"class":59},[53,46838,5319],{"class":1105},[53,46840,44633],{"class":550},[53,46842,6729],{"class":67},[53,46844,46783],{"class":1105},[53,46846,46786],{"class":59},[53,46848,1684],{"class":273},[53,46850,191],{"class":67},[53,46852,46853],{"class":71}," ''\n",[53,46855,46856,46858,46860,46862,46864,46866,46868,46870,46872,46874,46876,46878,46880,46882,46884],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,46857,156],{"class":71},[53,46859,46663],{"class":75},[53,46861,156],{"class":71},[53,46863,46771],{"class":36719},[53,46865,46774],{"class":59},[53,46867,5319],{"class":1105},[53,46869,44633],{"class":550},[53,46871,6729],{"class":67},[53,46873,46783],{"class":1105},[53,46875,46786],{"class":59},[53,46877,1684],{"class":273},[53,46879,191],{"class":67},[53,46881,165],{"class":71},[53,46883,46663],{"class":75},[53,46885,559],{"class":71},[20,46887,46888,46889,46891,46892,37],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[464,46890,8349],{"href":8348}," and the ",[464,46893,46894,1656],{"href":7586},[15,46895,2313],{},[39,46897,7785,46899,46901],{"id":46898},"using-int-with-floats",[15,46900,2233],{}," with floats",[20,46903,46904,46905,46907],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,46906,2233],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,46909,46910,46911,13413,46913,46915],{},"Important: ",[15,46912,2233],{},[30,46914,461],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[44,46917,46919],{"className":46,"code":46918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,46920,46921,46935,46950,46966],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46922,46923,46925,46927,46929,46931,46933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46924,132],{"class":131},[53,46926,116],{"class":67},[53,46928,1539],{"class":550},[53,46930,116],{"class":67},[53,46932,41339],{"class":273},[53,46934,1377],{"class":67},[53,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46948],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46938,132],{"class":131},[53,46940,116],{"class":67},[53,46942,1539],{"class":550},[53,46944,116],{"class":67},[53,46946,46947],{"class":273},"3.1",[53,46949,1377],{"class":67},[53,46951,46952,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962,46964],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,46953,132],{"class":131},[53,46955,116],{"class":67},[53,46957,1539],{"class":550},[53,46959,116],{"class":67},[53,46961,1371],{"class":63},[53,46963,41339],{"class":273},[53,46965,1377],{"class":67},[53,46967,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,46969,132],{"class":131},[53,46971,116],{"class":67},[53,46973,1539],{"class":550},[53,46975,116],{"class":67},[53,46977,1371],{"class":63},[53,46979,46947],{"class":273},[53,46981,1377],{"class":67},[20,46983,772],{},[44,46985,46987],{"className":46,"code":46986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,46988,46989,46993,46997,47003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,46990,46991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,46992,45974],{"class":273},[53,46994,46995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,46996,45974],{"class":273},[53,46998,46999,47001],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47000,1371],{"class":63},[53,47002,45974],{"class":273},[53,47004,47005,47007],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47006,1371],{"class":63},[53,47008,45974],{"class":273},[20,47010,47011],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[193,47013,47014,47021],{},[196,47015,47016,41510,47019],{},[15,47017,47018],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47020,1412],{},[196,47022,47023,41510,47026],{},[15,47024,47025],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47027,47028],{},"-3",[20,47030,47031,47032,47036,47037,37],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[464,47033,47034],{"href":2236},[15,47035,2239],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[464,47038,47039],{"href":41530},[15,47040,47041],{},"str()",[39,47043,7785,47045,47047],{"id":47044},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47046,2233],{}," with booleans",[20,47049,47050],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[44,47052,47054],{"className":46,"code":47053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47055,47056,47070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47057,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47059,132],{"class":131},[53,47061,116],{"class":67},[53,47063,1539],{"class":550},[53,47065,116],{"class":67},[53,47067,2963],{"class":938},[53,47069,1377],{"class":67},[53,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47073,132],{"class":131},[53,47075,116],{"class":67},[53,47077,1539],{"class":550},[53,47079,116],{"class":67},[53,47081,3035],{"class":938},[53,47083,1377],{"class":67},[20,47085,772],{},[44,47087,47089],{"className":46,"code":47088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n0\n",[15,47090,47091,47095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47092,47093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47094,46274],{"class":273},[53,47096,47097],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47098,46609],{"class":273},[20,47100,47101],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[44,47103,47105],{"className":46,"code":47104,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47106,47107,47116,47131,47135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47108,47109,47112,47114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47110,47111],{"class":59},"passed ",[53,47113,64],{"class":63},[53,47115,5785],{"class":938},[53,47117,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47129],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47119,40537],{"class":59},[53,47121,64],{"class":63},[53,47123,44633],{"class":550},[53,47125,116],{"class":67},[53,47127,47128],{"class":112},"passed",[53,47130,125],{"class":67},[53,47132,47133],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47134,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,47136,47137,47139,47141,47143],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47138,132],{"class":131},[53,47140,116],{"class":67},[53,47142,40566],{"class":112},[53,47144,125],{"class":67},[20,47146,772],{},[44,47148,47149],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47150,47151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47152,47153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47154,46274],{"class":273},[20,47156,47157,47158,37],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[464,47159,47160,1656],{"href":5141},[15,47161,3173],{},[39,47163,47165],{"id":47164},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47167,47168,47169,47172],{},"Use the ",[15,47170,47171],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[599,47174,47176],{"id":47175},"binary-example","Binary example",[44,47178,47180],{"className":46,"code":47179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47181,47182],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47183,47184,47186,47188,47190,47192,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47185,132],{"class":131},[53,47187,116],{"class":67},[53,47189,1539],{"class":550},[53,47191,116],{"class":67},[53,47193,72],{"class":71},[53,47195,45949],{"class":75},[53,47197,72],{"class":71},[53,47199,81],{"class":67},[53,47201,279],{"class":273},[53,47203,1377],{"class":67},[20,47205,772],{},[44,47207,47208],{"className":46,"code":2302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47209,47210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47211,47212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47213,2302],{"class":273},[20,47215,47216,47219],{},[15,47217,47218],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[193,47221,47222,47227,47232],{},[196,47223,47224],{},[15,47225,47226],{},"1 × 4",[196,47228,47229],{},[15,47230,47231],{},"0 × 2",[196,47233,47234],{},[15,47235,47236],{},"1 × 1",[20,47238,47239,47240,37],{},"So the result is ",[15,47241,1487],{},[599,47243,47245],{"id":47244},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[44,47247,47249],{"className":46,"code":47248,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47250,47251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47252,47253,47255,47257,47259,47261,47263,47265,47267,47269,47271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47254,132],{"class":131},[53,47256,116],{"class":67},[53,47258,1539],{"class":550},[53,47260,116],{"class":67},[53,47262,72],{"class":71},[53,47264,46374],{"class":75},[53,47266,72],{"class":71},[53,47268,81],{"class":67},[53,47270,13347],{"class":273},[53,47272,1377],{"class":67},[20,47274,772],{},[44,47276,47277],{"className":46,"code":46403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47278,47279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47280,47281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47282,46403],{"class":273},[599,47284,47286],{"id":47285},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47288,1329,47289,47291],{},[15,47290,47171],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47293,47294],{},"Good:",[44,47296,47297],{"className":46,"code":47179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47298,47299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47300,47301,47303,47305,47307,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47302,132],{"class":131},[53,47304,116],{"class":67},[53,47306,1539],{"class":550},[53,47308,116],{"class":67},[53,47310,72],{"class":71},[53,47312,45949],{"class":75},[53,47314,72],{"class":71},[53,47316,81],{"class":67},[53,47318,279],{"class":273},[53,47320,1377],{"class":67},[20,47322,47323],{},"Not correct:",[44,47325,47327],{"className":46,"code":47326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47328,47329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47330,47331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47332,47326],{"class":3024},[20,47334,47335,47336,7969,47338,47340],{},"That causes a ",[15,47337,2360],{},[15,47339,47171],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[39,47342,47344],{"id":47343},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47346,47347,47348,47350,47351,594,47353,37],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47349,2233],{}," are ",[15,47352,40058],{},[15,47354,2360],{},[599,47356,47357],{"id":40868},[15,47358,40058],{},[20,47360,47361],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47363,1559],{},[44,47365,47367],{"className":46,"code":47366,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47368,47369,47375,47393,47405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47370,47371,47373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47372,29159],{"class":1105},[53,47374,1120],{"class":67},[53,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47389,47391],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47378,7435],{"class":131},[53,47380,116],{"class":67},[53,47382,1539],{"class":550},[53,47384,116],{"class":67},[53,47386,72],{"class":71},[53,47388,39497],{"class":75},[53,47390,72],{"class":71},[53,47392,1377],{"class":67},[53,47394,47395,47397,47399,47401,47403],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47396,29190],{"class":1105},[53,47398,41281],{"class":550},[53,47400,46715],{"class":1105},[53,47402,46718],{"class":59},[53,47404,1120],{"class":67},[53,47406,47407,47409,47411,47413],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47408,7435],{"class":131},[53,47410,116],{"class":67},[53,47412,46747],{"class":112},[53,47414,125],{"class":67},[20,47416,772],{},[44,47418,47420],{"className":46,"code":47419,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47421,47422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47423,47424,47427,47429,47431,47433,47435,47437,47439,47441,47443,47445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47425,47426],{"class":59},"invalid literal ",[53,47428,5319],{"class":1105},[53,47430,44633],{"class":550},[53,47432,6729],{"class":67},[53,47434,46783],{"class":1105},[53,47436,46786],{"class":59},[53,47438,1684],{"class":273},[53,47440,191],{"class":67},[53,47442,165],{"class":71},[53,47444,39497],{"class":75},[53,47446,559],{"class":71},[20,47448,47449,47450,47453,47454,47456],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47451,47452],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47455,2233],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[44,47458,47460],{"className":46,"code":47459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47461,47462],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47463,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47465,132],{"class":131},[53,47467,116],{"class":67},[53,47469,1539],{"class":550},[53,47471,116],{"class":67},[53,47473,1543],{"class":550},[53,47475,116],{"class":67},[53,47477,72],{"class":71},[53,47479,39497],{"class":75},[53,47481,72],{"class":71},[53,47483,2267],{"class":67},[20,47485,772],{},[44,47487,47488],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47489,47490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47491,47492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47493,45974],{"class":273},[20,47495,47496,47497,594,47500,37],{},"If you see this often, read ",[464,47498,47499],{"href":2317},"how to convert string to int in Python",[464,47501,25034,47502],{"href":45273},[15,47503,45274],{},[599,47505,47506],{"id":40934},[15,47507,2360],{},[20,47509,47510],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47512,1559],{},[44,47514,47516],{"className":46,"code":47515,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47517,47518,47524,47538,47551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47519,47520,47522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47521,29159],{"class":1105},[53,47523,1120],{"class":67},[53,47525,47526,47528,47530,47532,47534,47536],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47527,7435],{"class":131},[53,47529,116],{"class":67},[53,47531,1539],{"class":550},[53,47533,116],{"class":67},[53,47535,849],{"class":938},[53,47537,1377],{"class":67},[53,47539,47540,47542,47545,47547,47549],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47541,29190],{"class":1105},[53,47543,47544],{"class":550}," TypeError",[53,47546,46715],{"class":1105},[53,47548,46718],{"class":59},[53,47550,1120],{"class":67},[53,47552,47553,47555,47557,47559],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47554,7435],{"class":131},[53,47556,116],{"class":67},[53,47558,46747],{"class":112},[53,47560,125],{"class":67},[20,47562,772],{},[44,47564,47566],{"className":46,"code":47565,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47567,47568],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47569,47570,47572,47574,47577,47579,47581,47584,47586,47589,47591,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47571,1539],{"class":550},[53,47573,6729],{"class":67},[53,47575,47576],{"class":59}," argument must be a string",[53,47578,81],{"class":67},[53,47580,43901],{"class":59},[53,47582,47583],{"class":550},"bytes",[53,47585,1371],{"class":63},[53,47587,47588],{"class":59},"like ",[53,47590,41754],{"class":550},[53,47592,47593],{"class":63}," or",[53,47595,40194],{"class":59},[53,47597,81],{"class":67},[53,47599,7466],{"class":63},[53,47601,165],{"class":71},[53,47603,47604],{"class":75},"NoneType",[53,47606,559],{"class":71},[20,47608,47609,47610,47612],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47611,47171],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[44,47614,47616],{"className":46,"code":47615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47617,47618,47624,47642,47654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47619,47620,47622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47621,29159],{"class":1105},[53,47623,1120],{"class":67},[53,47625,47626,47628,47630,47632,47634,47636,47638,47640],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47627,7435],{"class":131},[53,47629,116],{"class":67},[53,47631,1539],{"class":550},[53,47633,116],{"class":67},[53,47635,45949],{"class":273},[53,47637,81],{"class":67},[53,47639,279],{"class":273},[53,47641,1377],{"class":67},[53,47643,47644,47646,47648,47650,47652],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47645,29190],{"class":1105},[53,47647,47544],{"class":550},[53,47649,46715],{"class":1105},[53,47651,46718],{"class":59},[53,47653,1120],{"class":67},[53,47655,47656,47658,47660,47662],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47657,7435],{"class":131},[53,47659,116],{"class":67},[53,47661,46747],{"class":112},[53,47663,125],{"class":67},[20,47665,772],{},[44,47667,47669],{"className":46,"code":47668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47670,47671],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47672,47673,47675,47677,47680,47682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47674,1539],{"class":550},[53,47676,6729],{"class":67},[53,47678,47679],{"class":59}," can",[53,47681,156],{"class":71},[53,47683,47684],{"class":75},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[39,47686,4319,47688],{"id":47687},"when-to-use-int",[15,47689,2233],{},[20,47691,174,47692,47694],{},[15,47693,2233],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47696,47697],{},"Common uses:",[193,47699,47700,47706,47709,47712],{},[196,47701,47702,47703,47705],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47704,2313],{}," into integers",[196,47707,47708],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[196,47710,47711],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[196,47713,47714,47715,35968],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47716,47171],{},[20,47718,47719],{},"Example with user input:",[44,47721,47723],{"className":46,"code":47722,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47724,47725,47739,47754,47758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47726,47727,47730,47732,47734,47737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47728,47729],{"class":59},"age_text ",[53,47731,64],{"class":63},[53,47733,84],{"class":71},[53,47735,47736],{"class":75},"18",[53,47738,2715],{"class":71},[53,47740,47741,47743,47745,47747,47749,47752],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47742,20983],{"class":59},[53,47744,64],{"class":63},[53,47746,44633],{"class":550},[53,47748,116],{"class":67},[53,47750,47751],{"class":112},"age_text",[53,47753,125],{"class":67},[53,47755,47756],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47757,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,47759,47760,47762,47764,47766,47768,47770],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47761,132],{"class":131},[53,47763,116],{"class":67},[53,47765,20983],{"class":112},[53,47767,1409],{"class":63},[53,47769,4858],{"class":273},[53,47771,125],{"class":67},[20,47773,772],{},[44,47775,47777],{"className":46,"code":47776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19\n",[15,47778,47779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47780,47781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47782,47776],{"class":273},[39,47784,2185],{"id":2184},[20,47786,14093,47787,37],{},[15,47788,2233],{},[599,47790,47792],{"id":47791},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,47794,47795],{},"This fails:",[44,47797,47799],{"className":46,"code":47798,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,47800,47801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47802,47803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47804,47798],{"class":3024},[20,47806,47807,47808,47811],{},"Why: ",[15,47809,47810],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,47813,18197],{},[44,47815,47817],{"className":46,"code":47816,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,47818,47819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47820,47821,47823,47825,47827,47829,47831,47833,47835,47837,47839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47822,132],{"class":131},[53,47824,116],{"class":67},[53,47826,1539],{"class":550},[53,47828,116],{"class":67},[53,47830,1543],{"class":550},[53,47832,116],{"class":67},[53,47834,72],{"class":71},[53,47836,40478],{"class":75},[53,47838,72],{"class":71},[53,47840,2267],{"class":67},[599,47842,47844],{"id":47843},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,47846,47795],{},[44,47848,47850],{"className":46,"code":47849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,47851,47852],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47853,47854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47855,47849],{"class":3024},[20,47857,47858],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[599,47860,47862,47863],{"id":47861},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,47864,47865],{},"int(None)",[20,47867,47868,47869,47871],{},"This fails because ",[15,47870,849],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[44,47873,47875],{"className":46,"code":47874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47876,47877,47886,47890,47896,47910,47922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47878,47879,47881,47883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47880,1801],{"class":59},[53,47882,64],{"class":63},[53,47884,47885],{"class":938}," None\n",[53,47887,47888],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,47889,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,47891,47892,47894],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,47893,29159],{"class":1105},[53,47895,1120],{"class":67},[53,47897,47898,47900,47902,47904,47906,47908],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,47899,7435],{"class":131},[53,47901,116],{"class":67},[53,47903,1539],{"class":550},[53,47905,116],{"class":67},[53,47907,236],{"class":112},[53,47909,1377],{"class":67},[53,47911,47912,47914,47916,47918,47920],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,47913,29190],{"class":1105},[53,47915,47544],{"class":550},[53,47917,46715],{"class":1105},[53,47919,46718],{"class":59},[53,47921,1120],{"class":67},[53,47923,47924,47926,47928,47930],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,47925,7435],{"class":131},[53,47927,116],{"class":67},[53,47929,46747],{"class":112},[53,47931,125],{"class":67},[599,47933,47935],{"id":47934},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,47937,47795],{},[44,47939,47940],{"className":46,"code":47326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47941,47942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47943,47944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47945,47326],{"class":3024},[20,47947,47948],{},"Use a string instead:",[44,47950,47951],{"className":46,"code":47179,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,47952,47953],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47954,47955,47957,47959,47961,47963,47965,47967,47969,47971,47973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47956,132],{"class":131},[53,47958,116],{"class":67},[53,47960,1539],{"class":550},[53,47962,116],{"class":67},[53,47964,72],{"class":71},[53,47966,45949],{"class":75},[53,47968,72],{"class":71},[53,47970,81],{"class":67},[53,47972,279],{"class":273},[53,47974,1377],{"class":67},[599,47976,838,47978,47980],{"id":47977},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,47979,2233],{}," to round",[20,47982,47983],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[44,47985,47987],{"className":46,"code":47986,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,47988,47989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,47990,47991,47993,47995,47997,47999,48002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,47992,132],{"class":131},[53,47994,116],{"class":67},[53,47996,1539],{"class":550},[53,47998,116],{"class":67},[53,48000,48001],{"class":273},"4.9",[53,48003,1377],{"class":67},[20,48005,772],{},[44,48007,48009],{"className":46,"code":48008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n",[15,48010,48011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48012,48013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48014,48008],{"class":273},[20,48016,2525,48017,48019,48020,48022],{},[15,48018,1487],{},", remember that ",[15,48021,2233],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[39,48024,1187],{"id":1186},[599,48026,1191,48028,48030],{"id":48027},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48029,2233],{}," round numbers?",[20,48032,45722,48033,48035],{},[15,48034,2233],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[599,48037,4517,48039,48042],{"id":48038},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48040,48041],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48044,28417,48045,48047,48048,48050,48051,39283],{},[15,48046,47452],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48049,2239],{}," first, then use ",[15,48052,2233],{},[599,48054,4501,48056,12080],{"id":48055},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48057,48058],{},"int(True)",[20,48060,4507,48061,27669,48063,41510,48065,37],{},[15,48062,274],{},[15,48064,3035],{},[15,48066,1470],{},[599,48068,48070],{"id":48069},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48072,48073],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[39,48075,1244],{"id":1243},[193,48077,48078,48084,48090,48096,48101,48105,48111],{},[196,48079,48080],{},[464,48081,48082,2867],{"href":2236},[15,48083,2239],{},[196,48085,48086],{},[464,48087,48088,2867],{"href":41530},[15,48089,47041],{},[196,48091,48092],{},[464,48093,48094,2867],{"href":5141},[15,48095,3173],{},[196,48097,48098],{},[464,48099,48100],{"href":2317},"How to convert string to int in Python",[196,48102,48103],{},[464,48104,8426],{"href":8348},[196,48106,48107],{},[464,48108,48109,2867],{"href":7586},[15,48110,2313],{},[196,48112,48113],{},[464,48114,29700,48115],{"href":45273},[15,48116,45274],{},[1276,48118,48119],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":48121},[48122,48123,48125,48129,48134,48136,48138,48143,48147,48149,48158,48167],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":45986,"depth":104,"text":48124},"What int() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":48126},[48127,48128],{"id":46177,"depth":128,"text":46180},{"id":46277,"depth":128,"text":46280},{"id":46413,"depth":104,"text":48130,"children":48131},"Using int() with strings",[48132,48133],{"id":46535,"depth":128,"text":46536},{"id":46623,"depth":128,"text":46624},{"id":46898,"depth":104,"text":48135},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47044,"depth":104,"text":48137},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47164,"depth":104,"text":47165,"children":48139},[48140,48141,48142],{"id":47175,"depth":128,"text":47176},{"id":47244,"depth":128,"text":47245},{"id":47285,"depth":128,"text":47286},{"id":47343,"depth":104,"text":47344,"children":48144},[48145,48146],{"id":40868,"depth":128,"text":40058},{"id":40934,"depth":128,"text":2360},{"id":47687,"depth":104,"text":48148},"When to use int()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":48150},[48151,48152,48153,48155,48156],{"id":47791,"depth":128,"text":47792},{"id":47843,"depth":128,"text":47844},{"id":47861,"depth":128,"text":48154},"Trying int(None)",{"id":47934,"depth":128,"text":47935},{"id":47977,"depth":128,"text":48157},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":48159},[48160,48162,48164,48166],{"id":48027,"depth":128,"text":48161},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48038,"depth":128,"text":48163},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48055,"depth":128,"text":48165},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48069,"depth":128,"text":48070},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41451,"description":48168},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48175,"title":48176,"body":48177,"description":50013,"extension":1312,"meta":50014,"navigation":383,"path":44159,"seo":50015,"stem":50016,"__hash__":50017},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48178,"toc":49969},[48179,48184,48189,48197,48206,48208,48267,48273,48278,48283,48286,48314,48317,48320,48331,48341,48343,48345,48365,48369,48397,48399,48438,48440,48448,48450,48453,48457,48510,48512,48524,48528,48585,48587,48599,48605,48611,48615,48618,48621,48687,48689,48701,48707,48709,48761,48764,48805,48808,48815,48824,48830,48833,48866,48872,48875,48906,48912,48915,48927,48931,48936,48940,49098,49100,49115,49118,49122,49226,49228,49245,49249,49310,49312,49320,49323,49327,49394,49396,49405,49411,49413,49422,49424,49459,49464,49466,49496,49500,49502,49539,49542,49544,49581,49587,49589,49639,49641,49649,49659,49665,49669,49674,49723,49725,49738,49741,49743,49746,49821,49824,49843,49846,49876,49886,49888,49893,49900,49906,49912,49919,49927,49933,49936,49938,49966],[10,48180,2934,48182,2938],{"id":48181},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48183,44162],{},[20,48185,48186,48188],{},[15,48187,44162],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48190,48191,48192,1219,48194,48196],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48193,2963],{},[15,48195,3035],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48198,48199,48200,48202,48203,48205],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48201,44162],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48204,1655],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[39,48207,2968],{"id":2967},[44,48209,48211],{"className":46,"code":48210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48212,48213,48221,48225,48246],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48214,48215,48217,48219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48216,1801],{"class":59},[53,48218,64],{"class":63},[53,48220,1941],{"class":273},[53,48222,48223],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48224,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48226,48227,48229,48231,48234,48236,48238,48240,48242,48244],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48228,132],{"class":131},[53,48230,116],{"class":67},[53,48232,48233],{"class":131},"isinstance",[53,48235,116],{"class":67},[53,48237,236],{"class":112},[53,48239,81],{"class":67},[53,48241,44633],{"class":550},[53,48243,4721],{"class":67},[53,48245,43211],{"class":3024},[53,48247,48248,48250,48252,48254,48256,48258,48260,48263,48265],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,48249,132],{"class":131},[53,48251,116],{"class":67},[53,48253,48233],{"class":131},[53,48255,116],{"class":67},[53,48257,236],{"class":112},[53,48259,81],{"class":67},[53,48261,48262],{"class":550}," str",[53,48264,4721],{"class":67},[53,48266,43228],{"class":3024},[20,48268,174,48269,48272],{},[15,48270,48271],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[39,48274,183,48276,186],{"id":48275},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48277,44162],{},[20,48279,48280,48282],{},[15,48281,44162],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48284,48285],{},"It:",[193,48287,48288,48291,48297,48300],{},[196,48289,48290],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[196,48292,10789,48293,1219,48295],{},[15,48294,2963],{},[15,48296,3035],{},[196,48298,48299],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[196,48301,48302,48303,1540,48305,1540,48307,1540,48309,16431,48312],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48304,2801],{},[15,48306,1539],{},[15,48308,7460],{},[15,48310,48311],{},"tuple",[15,48313,8189],{},[20,48315,48316],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48318,48319],{},"For example, you might want to:",[193,48321,48322,48325,48328],{},[196,48323,48324],{},"loop through a list",[196,48326,48327],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[196,48329,48330],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48332,48333,48334,1219,48337,37],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[464,48335,44154],{"href":48336},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[464,48338,48340],{"href":48339},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[39,48342,217],{"id":216},[20,48344,1510],{},[44,48346,48348],{"className":46,"code":48347,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48349,48350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48351,48352,48354,48356,48358,48360,48363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48353,48233],{"class":131},[53,48355,116],{"class":67},[53,48357,41754],{"class":550},[53,48359,81],{"class":67},[53,48361,48362],{"class":112}," classinfo",[53,48364,125],{"class":67},[599,48366,48368],{"id":48367},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[193,48370,48371,48376,48390],{},[196,48372,48373,48375],{},[15,48374,41754],{}," is the value you want to test",[196,48377,48378,48381,48382,1540,48384,1540,48386,1544,48388],{},[15,48379,48380],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48383,1539],{},[15,48385,2801],{},[15,48387,7460],{},[15,48389,8189],{},[196,48391,48392,48393,1219,48395],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48394,2963],{},[15,48396,3035],{},[20,48398,1559],{},[44,48400,48402],{"className":46,"code":48401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48403,48404,48416,48420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48405,48406,48408,48410,48412,48414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48407,7242],{"class":59},[53,48409,64],{"class":63},[53,48411,84],{"class":71},[53,48413,10873],{"class":75},[53,48415,2715],{"class":71},[53,48417,48418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48419,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48421,48422,48424,48426,48428,48430,48432,48434,48436],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48423,132],{"class":131},[53,48425,116],{"class":67},[53,48427,48233],{"class":131},[53,48429,116],{"class":67},[53,48431,7032],{"class":112},[53,48433,81],{"class":67},[53,48435,48262],{"class":550},[53,48437,1377],{"class":67},[20,48439,772],{},[44,48441,48442],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48443,48444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48445,48446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48447,3340],{"class":938},[39,48449,337],{"id":336},[20,48451,48452],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[599,48454,48456],{"id":48455},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[44,48458,48460],{"className":46,"code":48459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48461,48462,48470,48474,48492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48463,48464,48466,48468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48465,1801],{"class":59},[53,48467,64],{"class":63},[53,48469,44582],{"class":273},[53,48471,48472],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48473,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48475,48476,48478,48480,48482,48484,48486,48488,48490],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48477,132],{"class":131},[53,48479,116],{"class":67},[53,48481,48233],{"class":131},[53,48483,116],{"class":67},[53,48485,236],{"class":112},[53,48487,81],{"class":67},[53,48489,44633],{"class":550},[53,48491,1377],{"class":67},[53,48493,48494,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,48495,132],{"class":131},[53,48497,116],{"class":67},[53,48499,48233],{"class":131},[53,48501,116],{"class":67},[53,48503,236],{"class":112},[53,48505,81],{"class":67},[53,48507,48262],{"class":550},[53,48509,1377],{"class":67},[20,48511,772],{},[44,48513,48514],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48515,48516,48520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48517,48518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48519,3340],{"class":938},[53,48521,48522],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48523,3401],{"class":938},[599,48525,48527],{"id":48526},"check-text","Check text",[44,48529,48531],{"className":46,"code":48530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48532,48533,48545,48549,48567],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48534,48535,48537,48539,48541,48543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48536,34042],{"class":59},[53,48538,64],{"class":63},[53,48540,84],{"class":71},[53,48542,3206],{"class":75},[53,48544,2715],{"class":71},[53,48546,48547],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48548,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48550,48551,48553,48555,48557,48559,48561,48563,48565],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48552,132],{"class":131},[53,48554,116],{"class":67},[53,48556,48233],{"class":131},[53,48558,116],{"class":67},[53,48560,34063],{"class":112},[53,48562,81],{"class":67},[53,48564,48262],{"class":550},[53,48566,1377],{"class":67},[53,48568,48569,48571,48573,48575,48577,48579,48581,48583],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,48570,132],{"class":131},[53,48572,116],{"class":67},[53,48574,48233],{"class":131},[53,48576,116],{"class":67},[53,48578,34063],{"class":112},[53,48580,81],{"class":67},[53,48582,44633],{"class":550},[53,48584,1377],{"class":67},[20,48586,772],{},[44,48588,48589],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48590,48591,48595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48592,48593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48594,3340],{"class":938},[53,48596,48597],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48598,3401],{"class":938},[20,48600,48601,48602,48604],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48603,44162],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48606,48607,48608,37],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[464,48609,48610],{"href":2317},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[39,48612,48614],{"id":48613},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48616,48617],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48619,48620],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[44,48622,48624],{"className":46,"code":48623,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48625,48626,48635,48639,48663],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48627,48628,48630,48632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48629,1801],{"class":59},[53,48631,64],{"class":63},[53,48633,48634],{"class":273}," 3.5\n",[53,48636,48637],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48638,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48640,48641,48643,48645,48647,48649,48651,48653,48655,48657,48659,48661],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48642,132],{"class":131},[53,48644,116],{"class":67},[53,48646,48233],{"class":131},[53,48648,116],{"class":67},[53,48650,236],{"class":112},[53,48652,81],{"class":67},[53,48654,8605],{"class":67},[53,48656,1539],{"class":550},[53,48658,81],{"class":67},[53,48660,39609],{"class":550},[53,48662,2267],{"class":67},[53,48664,48665,48667,48669,48671,48673,48675,48677,48679,48681,48683,48685],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,48666,132],{"class":131},[53,48668,116],{"class":67},[53,48670,48233],{"class":131},[53,48672,116],{"class":67},[53,48674,236],{"class":112},[53,48676,81],{"class":67},[53,48678,8605],{"class":67},[53,48680,2801],{"class":550},[53,48682,81],{"class":67},[53,48684,21913],{"class":550},[53,48686,2267],{"class":67},[20,48688,772],{},[44,48690,48691],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,48692,48693,48697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48694,48695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48696,3340],{"class":938},[53,48698,48699],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48700,3401],{"class":938},[20,48702,48703,48704,48706],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48705,40191],{}," conditions.",[20,48708,7665],{},[44,48710,48712],{"className":46,"code":48711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48713,48714,48722,48726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48715,48716,48718,48720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48717,1801],{"class":59},[53,48719,64],{"class":63},[53,48721,48634],{"class":273},[53,48723,48724],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48725,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48727,48728,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48749,48751,48753,48755,48757,48759],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48729,132],{"class":131},[53,48731,116],{"class":67},[53,48733,2578],{"class":550},[53,48735,116],{"class":67},[53,48737,236],{"class":112},[53,48739,3021],{"class":67},[53,48741,5770],{"class":63},[53,48743,44633],{"class":550},[53,48745,47593],{"class":1105},[53,48747,48748],{"class":550}," type",[53,48750,116],{"class":67},[53,48752,236],{"class":112},[53,48754,3021],{"class":67},[53,48756,5770],{"class":63},[53,48758,39609],{"class":550},[53,48760,125],{"class":67},[20,48762,48763],{},"you can write this:",[44,48765,48767],{"className":46,"code":48766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,48768,48769,48777,48781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48770,48771,48773,48775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48772,1801],{"class":59},[53,48774,64],{"class":63},[53,48776,48634],{"class":273},[53,48778,48779],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48780,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,48782,48783,48785,48787,48789,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48784,132],{"class":131},[53,48786,116],{"class":67},[53,48788,48233],{"class":131},[53,48790,116],{"class":67},[53,48792,236],{"class":112},[53,48794,81],{"class":67},[53,48796,8605],{"class":67},[53,48798,1539],{"class":550},[53,48800,81],{"class":67},[53,48802,39609],{"class":550},[53,48804,2267],{"class":67},[20,48806,48807],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[39,48809,48811,9952,48813],{"id":48810},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,48812,44162],{},[15,48814,1655],{},[20,48816,9957,48817,594,48819,48823],{},[15,48818,44162],{},[464,48820,48821],{"href":1652},[15,48822,1655],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[599,48825,48827],{"id":48826},"typevalue-int",[15,48828,48829],{},"type(value) == int",[20,48831,48832],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[44,48834,48836],{"className":46,"code":48835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,48837,48838,48846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48839,48840,48842,48844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48841,1801],{"class":59},[53,48843,64],{"class":63},[53,48845,1941],{"class":273},[53,48847,48848,48850,48852,48854,48856,48858,48860,48862,48864],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48849,132],{"class":131},[53,48851,116],{"class":67},[53,48853,2578],{"class":550},[53,48855,116],{"class":67},[53,48857,236],{"class":112},[53,48859,3021],{"class":67},[53,48861,5770],{"class":63},[53,48863,44633],{"class":550},[53,48865,125],{"class":67},[599,48867,48869],{"id":48868},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,48870,48871],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,48873,48874],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[44,48876,48878],{"className":46,"code":48877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,48879,48880,48888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48881,48882,48884,48886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48883,1801],{"class":59},[53,48885,64],{"class":63},[53,48887,1941],{"class":273},[53,48889,48890,48892,48894,48896,48898,48900,48902,48904],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48891,132],{"class":131},[53,48893,116],{"class":67},[53,48895,48233],{"class":131},[53,48897,116],{"class":67},[53,48899,236],{"class":112},[53,48901,81],{"class":67},[53,48903,44633],{"class":550},[53,48905,1377],{"class":67},[20,48907,48908,48909,48911],{},"For beginners, ",[15,48910,44162],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,48913,48914],{},"In everyday code:",[193,48916,48917,48922],{},[196,48918,39344,48919,48921],{},[15,48920,1655],{}," when you need the exact type",[196,48923,39344,48924,48926],{},[15,48925,44162],{}," when you want a practical type check",[39,48928,48930],{"id":48929},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,48932,48933,48934,37],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,48935,44162],{},[599,48937,48939],{"id":48938},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[44,48941,48943],{"className":46,"code":48942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,48944,48945,48963,48982,48994,48999,49017,49028,49032,49044,49048,49072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,48946,48947,48949,48952,48954,48956,48958,48961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,48948,34205],{"class":1415},[53,48950,48951],{"class":34208}," repeat_text",[53,48953,116],{"class":67},[53,48955,34063],{"class":37015},[53,48957,81],{"class":67},[53,48959,48960],{"class":37015}," count",[53,48962,7709],{"class":67},[53,48964,48965,48967,48969,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,48966,5760],{"class":1105},[53,48968,7466],{"class":63},[53,48970,48971],{"class":131}," isinstance",[53,48973,116],{"class":67},[53,48975,34063],{"class":112},[53,48977,81],{"class":67},[53,48979,48262],{"class":550},[53,48981,7709],{"class":67},[53,48983,48984,48987,48989,48992],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,48985,48986],{"class":1105},"        return",[53,48988,84],{"class":71},[53,48990,48991],{"class":75},"text must be a string",[53,48993,2715],{"class":71},[53,48995,48996],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,48997,48998],{"class":59},"    \n",[53,49000,49001,49003,49005,49007,49009,49011,49013,49015],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,49002,5760],{"class":1105},[53,49004,7466],{"class":63},[53,49006,48971],{"class":131},[53,49008,116],{"class":67},[53,49010,40614],{"class":112},[53,49012,81],{"class":67},[53,49014,44633],{"class":550},[53,49016,7709],{"class":67},[53,49018,49019,49021,49023,49026],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,49020,48986],{"class":1105},[53,49022,84],{"class":71},[53,49024,49025],{"class":75},"count must be an integer",[53,49027,2715],{"class":71},[53,49029,49030],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,49031,48998],{"class":59},[53,49033,49034,49036,49039,49041],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,49035,34216],{"class":1105},[53,49037,49038],{"class":59}," text ",[53,49040,39226],{"class":63},[53,49042,49043],{"class":59}," count\n",[53,49045,49046],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,49047,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,49049,49050,49052,49054,49057,49059,49061,49064,49066,49068,49070],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,49051,132],{"class":131},[53,49053,116],{"class":67},[53,49055,49056],{"class":112},"repeat_text",[53,49058,116],{"class":67},[53,49060,72],{"class":71},[53,49062,49063],{"class":75},"Hi ",[53,49065,72],{"class":71},[53,49067,81],{"class":67},[53,49069,284],{"class":273},[53,49071,1377],{"class":67},[53,49073,49074,49076,49078,49080,49082,49084,49086,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096],{"class":55,"line":10959},[53,49075,132],{"class":131},[53,49077,116],{"class":67},[53,49079,49056],{"class":112},[53,49081,116],{"class":67},[53,49083,72],{"class":71},[53,49085,49063],{"class":75},[53,49087,72],{"class":71},[53,49089,81],{"class":67},[53,49091,84],{"class":71},[53,49093,1412],{"class":75},[53,49095,72],{"class":71},[53,49097,1377],{"class":67},[20,49099,772],{},[44,49101,49103],{"className":46,"code":49102,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49104,49105,49110],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49106,49107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49108,49109],{"class":59},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[53,49111,49112],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49113,49114],{"class":59},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49116,49117],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[599,49119,49121],{"id":49120},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[44,49123,49125],{"className":46,"code":49124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49126,49127,49159,49163,49179,49194,49211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49128,49129,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139,49141,49143,49145,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49130,1801],{"class":59},[53,49132,64],{"class":63},[53,49134,2982],{"class":67},[53,49136,72],{"class":71},[53,49138,464],{"class":75},[53,49140,72],{"class":71},[53,49142,81],{"class":67},[53,49144,84],{"class":71},[53,49146,637],{"class":75},[53,49148,72],{"class":71},[53,49150,81],{"class":67},[53,49152,84],{"class":71},[53,49154,646],{"class":75},[53,49156,72],{"class":71},[53,49158,2995],{"class":67},[53,49160,49161],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49162,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,49164,49165,49167,49169,49171,49173,49175,49177],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,49166,1106],{"class":1105},[53,49168,48971],{"class":131},[53,49170,116],{"class":67},[53,49172,236],{"class":112},[53,49174,81],{"class":67},[53,49176,48262],{"class":550},[53,49178,7709],{"class":67},[53,49180,49181,49183,49185,49187,49190,49192],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,49182,7435],{"class":131},[53,49184,116],{"class":67},[53,49186,72],{"class":71},[53,49188,49189],{"class":75},"This is text",[53,49191,72],{"class":71},[53,49193,125],{"class":67},[53,49195,49196,49199,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,49197,49198],{"class":1105},"elif",[53,49200,48971],{"class":131},[53,49202,116],{"class":67},[53,49204,236],{"class":112},[53,49206,81],{"class":67},[53,49208,21913],{"class":550},[53,49210,7709],{"class":67},[53,49212,49213,49215,49217,49219,49222,49224],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,49214,7435],{"class":131},[53,49216,116],{"class":67},[53,49218,72],{"class":71},[53,49220,49221],{"class":75},"This is a list",[53,49223,72],{"class":71},[53,49225,125],{"class":67},[20,49227,772],{},[44,49229,49231],{"className":46,"code":49230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a list\n",[15,49232,49233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49234,49235,49238,49240,49242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49236,49237],{"class":59},"This ",[53,49239,11558],{"class":63},[53,49241,43901],{"class":59},[53,49243,49244],{"class":550},"list\n",[599,49246,49248],{"id":49247},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[44,49250,49252],{"className":46,"code":49251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49253,49254,49266,49270,49286,49300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49255,49256,49258,49260,49262,49264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49257,1801],{"class":59},[53,49259,64],{"class":63},[53,49261,84],{"class":71},[53,49263,45883],{"class":75},[53,49265,2715],{"class":71},[53,49267,49268],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49269,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,49271,49272,49274,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,49273,1106],{"class":1105},[53,49275,48971],{"class":131},[53,49277,116],{"class":67},[53,49279,236],{"class":112},[53,49281,81],{"class":67},[53,49283,48262],{"class":550},[53,49285,7709],{"class":67},[53,49287,49288,49290,49292,49294,49296,49298],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,49289,41245],{"class":59},[53,49291,64],{"class":63},[53,49293,44633],{"class":550},[53,49295,116],{"class":67},[53,49297,236],{"class":112},[53,49299,125],{"class":67},[53,49301,49302,49304,49306,49308],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,49303,7435],{"class":131},[53,49305,116],{"class":67},[53,49307,1592],{"class":112},[53,49309,125],{"class":67},[20,49311,772],{},[44,49313,49314],{"className":46,"code":45969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49315,49316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49317,49318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49319,45969],{"class":273},[20,49321,49322],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[599,49324,49326],{"id":49325},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[44,49328,49330],{"className":46,"code":49329,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49331,49332,49356,49360,49376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49333,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344,49346,49348,49350,49352,49354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49335,1801],{"class":59},[53,49337,64],{"class":63},[53,49339,68],{"class":67},[53,49341,72],{"class":71},[53,49343,7032],{"class":75},[53,49345,72],{"class":71},[53,49347,191],{"class":67},[53,49349,84],{"class":71},[53,49351,12244],{"class":75},[53,49353,72],{"class":71},[53,49355,101],{"class":67},[53,49357,49358],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49359,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,49361,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,49363,1106],{"class":1105},[53,49365,48971],{"class":131},[53,49367,116],{"class":67},[53,49369,236],{"class":112},[53,49371,81],{"class":67},[53,49373,8539],{"class":550},[53,49375,7709],{"class":67},[53,49377,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386,49388,49390,49392],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,49379,7435],{"class":131},[53,49381,116],{"class":67},[53,49383,236],{"class":112},[53,49385,3260],{"class":67},[53,49387,72],{"class":71},[53,49389,7032],{"class":75},[53,49391,72],{"class":71},[53,49393,3248],{"class":67},[20,49395,772],{},[44,49397,49399],{"className":46,"code":49398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n",[15,49400,49401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49402,49403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49404,49398],{"class":59},[20,49406,49407,49408,49410],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49409,2360],{}," messages later.",[39,49412,834],{"id":833},[599,49414,49416,49417,10458,49420],{"id":49415},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49418,49419],{},"\"int\"",[15,49421,1539],{},[20,49423,852],{},[44,49425,49427],{"className":46,"code":49426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49428,49429,49437],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49430,49431,49433,49435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49432,1801],{"class":59},[53,49434,64],{"class":63},[53,49436,1941],{"class":273},[53,49438,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49440,132],{"class":131},[53,49442,116],{"class":67},[53,49444,48233],{"class":131},[53,49446,116],{"class":67},[53,49448,236],{"class":112},[53,49450,81],{"class":67},[53,49452,84],{"class":71},[53,49454,1539],{"class":75},[53,49456,72],{"class":71},[53,49458,1377],{"class":67},[20,49460,49461,49463],{},[15,49462,49419],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49465,941],{},[44,49467,49468],{"className":46,"code":48877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49469,49470,49478],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49471,49472,49474,49476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49473,1801],{"class":59},[53,49475,64],{"class":63},[53,49477,1941],{"class":273},[53,49479,49480,49482,49484,49486,49488,49490,49492,49494],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49481,132],{"class":131},[53,49483,116],{"class":67},[53,49485,48233],{"class":131},[53,49487,116],{"class":67},[53,49489,236],{"class":112},[53,49491,81],{"class":67},[53,49493,44633],{"class":550},[53,49495,1377],{"class":67},[599,49497,49499],{"id":49498},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49501,852],{},[44,49503,49505],{"className":46,"code":49504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49506,49507,49515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49508,49509,49511,49513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49510,1801],{"class":59},[53,49512,64],{"class":63},[53,49514,34196],{"class":273},[53,49516,49517,49519,49521,49523,49525,49527,49529,49531,49533,49535,49537],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49518,132],{"class":131},[53,49520,116],{"class":67},[53,49522,48233],{"class":131},[53,49524,116],{"class":67},[53,49526,236],{"class":112},[53,49528,81],{"class":67},[53,49530,2982],{"class":67},[53,49532,1539],{"class":550},[53,49534,81],{"class":67},[53,49536,39609],{"class":550},[53,49538,2354],{"class":67},[20,49540,49541],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49543,941],{},[44,49545,49547],{"className":46,"code":49546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49548,49549,49557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49550,49551,49553,49555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49552,1801],{"class":59},[53,49554,64],{"class":63},[53,49556,34196],{"class":273},[53,49558,49559,49561,49563,49565,49567,49569,49571,49573,49575,49577,49579],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49560,132],{"class":131},[53,49562,116],{"class":67},[53,49564,48233],{"class":131},[53,49566,116],{"class":67},[53,49568,236],{"class":112},[53,49570,81],{"class":67},[53,49572,8605],{"class":67},[53,49574,1539],{"class":550},[53,49576,81],{"class":67},[53,49578,39609],{"class":550},[53,49580,2267],{"class":67},[599,49582,25129,49584,49586],{"id":49583},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49585,44162],{}," converts a value",[20,49588,18270],{},[44,49590,49592],{"className":46,"code":49591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49593,49594,49607,49625,49629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49595,49596,49598,49600,49602,49605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49597,1801],{"class":59},[53,49599,64],{"class":63},[53,49601,84],{"class":71},[53,49603,49604],{"class":75},"123",[53,49606,2715],{"class":71},[53,49608,49609,49611,49613,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49610,1582],{"class":59},[53,49612,64],{"class":63},[53,49614,48971],{"class":131},[53,49616,116],{"class":67},[53,49618,236],{"class":112},[53,49620,81],{"class":67},[53,49622,44633],{"class":550},[53,49624,125],{"class":67},[53,49626,49627],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,49628,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,49630,49631,49633,49635,49637],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,49632,132],{"class":131},[53,49634,116],{"class":67},[53,49636,1617],{"class":112},[53,49638,125],{"class":67},[20,49640,772],{},[44,49642,49643],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,49644,49645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49646,49647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49648,3401],{"class":938},[20,49650,49651,49652,49655,49656,49658],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49653,49654],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49657,49604],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49660,49661,49662,5994],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49663,49664],{},"int(value)",[599,49666,49668],{"id":49667},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49670,49671,49673],{},[15,49672,44162],{}," does not modify anything.",[44,49675,49677],{"className":46,"code":49676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49678,49679,49691,49695,49713],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49680,49681,49683,49685,49687,49689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49682,1801],{"class":59},[53,49684,64],{"class":63},[53,49686,84],{"class":71},[53,49688,12917],{"class":75},[53,49690,2715],{"class":71},[53,49692,49693],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49694,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,49696,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705,49707,49709,49711],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,49698,132],{"class":131},[53,49700,116],{"class":67},[53,49702,48233],{"class":131},[53,49704,116],{"class":67},[53,49706,236],{"class":112},[53,49708,81],{"class":67},[53,49710,48262],{"class":550},[53,49712,1377],{"class":67},[53,49714,49715,49717,49719,49721],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,49716,132],{"class":131},[53,49718,116],{"class":67},[53,49720,236],{"class":112},[53,49722,125],{"class":67},[20,49724,772],{},[44,49726,49728],{"className":46,"code":49727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n100\n",[15,49729,49730,49734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49731,49732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49733,3340],{"class":938},[53,49735,49736],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49737,46620],{"class":273},[20,49739,49740],{},"The value stays the same.",[39,49742,25297],{"id":25296},[20,49744,49745],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[44,49747,49749],{"className":46,"code":49748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49750,49751,49765,49783,49807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,49752,49753,49755,49757,49759,49761,49763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,49754,132],{"class":131},[53,49756,116],{"class":67},[53,49758,2578],{"class":550},[53,49760,116],{"class":67},[53,49762,236],{"class":112},[53,49764,1377],{"class":67},[53,49766,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,49768,132],{"class":131},[53,49770,116],{"class":67},[53,49772,48233],{"class":131},[53,49774,116],{"class":67},[53,49776,236],{"class":112},[53,49778,81],{"class":67},[53,49780,44633],{"class":550},[53,49782,1377],{"class":67},[53,49784,49785,49787,49789,49791,49793,49795,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,49786,132],{"class":131},[53,49788,116],{"class":67},[53,49790,48233],{"class":131},[53,49792,116],{"class":67},[53,49794,236],{"class":112},[53,49796,81],{"class":67},[53,49798,8605],{"class":67},[53,49800,1539],{"class":550},[53,49802,81],{"class":67},[53,49804,39609],{"class":550},[53,49806,2267],{"class":67},[53,49808,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,49810,132],{"class":131},[53,49812,116],{"class":67},[53,49814,41134],{"class":131},[53,49816,116],{"class":67},[53,49818,236],{"class":112},[53,49820,1377],{"class":67},[20,49822,49823],{},"These can help when:",[193,49825,49826,49829,49834,49837],{},[196,49827,49828],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[196,49830,49831,49832],{},"you are getting a ",[15,49833,2360],{},[196,49835,49836],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[196,49838,49839,49840,49842],{},"the second argument to ",[15,49841,44162],{}," is invalid",[20,49844,49845],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[193,49847,49848,49862,49868,49873],{},[196,49849,49850,49851,1219,49854,49857,49858,1219,49860],{},"using ",[15,49852,49853],{},"'int'",[15,49855,49856],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,49859,1539],{},[15,49861,2801],{},[196,49863,49864,49865,49867],{},"expecting ",[15,49866,44162],{}," to convert a value",[196,49869,49850,49870,49872],{},[15,49871,1655],{}," when inherited types should also match",[196,49874,49875],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,49877,49878,49879,37],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[464,49880,49882,49883],{"href":49881},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,49884,49885],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[39,49887,1187],{"id":1186},[599,49889,4501,49891,4504],{"id":49890},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,49892,44162],{},[20,49894,4507,49895,49897,49898,37],{},[15,49896,2963],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,49899,3035],{},[599,49901,1234,49903,49905],{"id":49902},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,49904,44162],{}," check more than one type?",[20,49907,49908,49909,37],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,49910,49911],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[599,49913,4538,49915,594,49917,1222],{"id":49914},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,49916,44162],{},[15,49918,1655],{},[20,49920,49921,49923,49924,49926],{},[15,49922,1655],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,49925,44162],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[599,49928,1191,49930,49932],{"id":49929},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,49931,44162],{}," convert a value?",[20,49934,49935],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[39,49937,1244],{"id":1243},[193,49939,49940,49946,49950,49955,49960],{},[196,49941,49942],{},[464,49943,2934,49944,2867],{"href":1652},[15,49945,1655],{},[196,49947,49948],{},[464,49949,44154],{"href":48336},[196,49951,49952],{},[464,49953,49954],{"href":2317},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[196,49956,49957],{},[464,49958,49959],{"href":48339},"What is a data type in Python?",[196,49961,49962],{},[464,49963,49882,49964],{"href":49881},[15,49965,49885],{},[1276,49967,49968],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":49970},[49971,49972,49974,49977,49981,49982,49987,49993,50001,50002,50012],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":48275,"depth":104,"text":49973},"What isinstance() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":49975},[49976],{"id":48367,"depth":128,"text":48368},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337,"children":49978},[49979,49980],{"id":48455,"depth":128,"text":48456},{"id":48526,"depth":128,"text":48527},{"id":48613,"depth":104,"text":48614},{"id":48810,"depth":104,"text":49983,"children":49984},"isinstance() vs type()",[49985,49986],{"id":48826,"depth":128,"text":48829},{"id":48868,"depth":128,"text":48871},{"id":48929,"depth":104,"text":48930,"children":49988},[49989,49990,49991,49992],{"id":48938,"depth":128,"text":48939},{"id":49120,"depth":128,"text":49121},{"id":49247,"depth":128,"text":49248},{"id":49325,"depth":128,"text":49326},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":49994},[49995,49997,49998,50000],{"id":49415,"depth":128,"text":49996},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49498,"depth":128,"text":49499},{"id":49583,"depth":128,"text":49999},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49667,"depth":128,"text":49668},{"id":25296,"depth":104,"text":25297},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":50003},[50004,50006,50008,50010],{"id":49890,"depth":128,"text":50005},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":49902,"depth":128,"text":50007},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":49914,"depth":128,"text":50009},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":49929,"depth":128,"text":50011},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48176,"description":50013},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50019,"title":50020,"body":50021,"description":51993,"extension":1312,"meta":51994,"navigation":383,"path":51995,"seo":51996,"stem":51997,"__hash__":51998},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50022,"toc":51968},[50023,50026,50031,50036,50050,50053,50055,50130,50135,50139,50144,50147,50161,50163,50329,50342,50344,50346,50361,50364,50367,50380,50382,50480,50484,50490,50493,50502,50504,50539,50544,50565,50570,50575,50607,50610,50667,50671,50677,50680,50733,50735,50775,50778,50846,50849,50900,50907,50911,50917,51002,51008,51014,51063,51066,51069,51119,51121,51126,51130,51180,51184,51231,51235,51312,51316,51381,51384,51388,51393,51398,51410,51412,51431,51437,51440,51459,51464,51491,51498,51502,51508,51511,51606,51609,51612,51661,51666,51668,51672,51707,51710,51767,51777,51780,51814,51817,51819,51823,51826,51830,51833,51837,51840,51844,51856,51860,51865,51867,51917,51929,51931,51965],[10,50024,50020],{"id":50025},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50027,8491,50028,50030],{},[15,50029,41716],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50032,34760,50033,50035],{},[15,50034,41716],{}," to count:",[193,50037,50038,50041,50044,50047],{},[196,50039,50040],{},"characters in a string",[196,50042,50043],{},"items in a list or tuple",[196,50045,50046],{},"keys in a dictionary",[196,50048,50049],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50051,50052],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[39,50054,42],{"id":41},[44,50056,50058],{"className":46,"code":50057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50059,50060,50072,50092,50096,50113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50061,50062,50064,50066,50068,50070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50063,34042],{"class":59},[53,50065,64],{"class":63},[53,50067,84],{"class":71},[53,50069,3206],{"class":75},[53,50071,2715],{"class":71},[53,50073,50074,50076,50078,50080,50082,50084,50086,50088,50090],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50075,7144],{"class":59},[53,50077,64],{"class":63},[53,50079,2982],{"class":67},[53,50081,1684],{"class":273},[53,50083,81],{"class":67},[53,50085,7155],{"class":273},[53,50087,81],{"class":67},[53,50089,7160],{"class":273},[53,50091,2995],{"class":67},[53,50093,50094],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,50095,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,50097,50098,50100,50102,50104,50106,50108,50110],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,50099,132],{"class":131},[53,50101,116],{"class":67},[53,50103,10528],{"class":131},[53,50105,116],{"class":67},[53,50107,34063],{"class":112},[53,50109,4721],{"class":67},[53,50111,50112],{"class":3024},"   # 5\n",[53,50114,50115,50117,50119,50121,50123,50125,50127],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,50116,132],{"class":131},[53,50118,116],{"class":67},[53,50120,10528],{"class":131},[53,50122,116],{"class":67},[53,50124,7175],{"class":112},[53,50126,4721],{"class":67},[53,50128,50129],{"class":3024},"  # 3\n",[20,50131,174,50132,50134],{},[15,50133,41716],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[39,50136,50138],{"id":50137},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50140,50141,50143],{},[15,50142,41716],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50145,50146],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[193,50148,50149,50152,50155,50158],{},[196,50150,50151],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[196,50153,50154],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[196,50156,50157],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[196,50159,50160],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50162,1559],{},[44,50164,50166],{"className":46,"code":50165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50167,50168,50180,50205,50237,50257,50261,50278,50295,50312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50169,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50171,7242],{"class":59},[53,50173,64],{"class":63},[53,50175,84],{"class":71},[53,50177,7041],{"class":75},[53,50179,2715],{"class":71},[53,50181,50182,50184,50186,50188,50190,50192,50194,50196,50198,50200,50203],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50183,266],{"class":59},[53,50185,64],{"class":63},[53,50187,2982],{"class":67},[53,50189,1684],{"class":273},[53,50191,81],{"class":67},[53,50193,7155],{"class":273},[53,50195,81],{"class":67},[53,50197,7160],{"class":273},[53,50199,81],{"class":67},[53,50201,50202],{"class":273}," 40",[53,50204,2995],{"class":67},[53,50206,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219,50221,50223,50225,50227,50229,50231,50233,50235],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,50208,8534],{"class":59},[53,50210,64],{"class":63},[53,50212,68],{"class":67},[53,50214,72],{"class":71},[53,50216,464],{"class":75},[53,50218,72],{"class":71},[53,50220,191],{"class":67},[53,50222,4858],{"class":273},[53,50224,81],{"class":67},[53,50226,84],{"class":71},[53,50228,637],{"class":75},[53,50230,72],{"class":71},[53,50232,191],{"class":67},[53,50234,279],{"class":273},[53,50236,101],{"class":67},[53,50238,50239,50241,50243,50245,50247,50249,50251,50253,50255],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,50240,3183],{"class":59},[53,50242,64],{"class":63},[53,50244,68],{"class":67},[53,50246,1487],{"class":273},[53,50248,81],{"class":67},[53,50250,36996],{"class":273},[53,50252,81],{"class":67},[53,50254,5355],{"class":273},[53,50256,101],{"class":67},[53,50258,50259],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,50260,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,50262,50263,50265,50267,50269,50271,50273,50275],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,50264,132],{"class":131},[53,50266,116],{"class":67},[53,50268,10528],{"class":131},[53,50270,116],{"class":67},[53,50272,7032],{"class":112},[53,50274,4721],{"class":67},[53,50276,50277],{"class":3024},"     # 3\n",[53,50279,50280,50282,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,50281,132],{"class":131},[53,50283,116],{"class":67},[53,50285,10528],{"class":131},[53,50287,116],{"class":67},[53,50289,291],{"class":112},[53,50291,4721],{"class":67},[53,50293,50294],{"class":3024},"  # 4\n",[53,50296,50297,50299,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,50298,132],{"class":131},[53,50300,116],{"class":67},[53,50302,10528],{"class":131},[53,50304,116],{"class":67},[53,50306,8573],{"class":112},[53,50308,4721],{"class":67},[53,50310,50311],{"class":3024},"     # 2\n",[53,50313,50314,50316,50318,50320,50322,50324,50326],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,50315,132],{"class":131},[53,50317,116],{"class":67},[53,50319,10528],{"class":131},[53,50321,116],{"class":67},[53,50323,4718],{"class":112},[53,50325,4721],{"class":67},[53,50327,50328],{"class":3024},"   # 3\n",[20,50330,50331,50332,1540,50336,16431,50340,37],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[464,50333,50335],{"href":50334},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[464,50337,50339],{"href":50338},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[464,50341,8524],{"href":8523},[39,50343,217],{"id":216},[20,50345,1510],{},[44,50347,50349],{"className":46,"code":50348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(object)\n",[15,50350,50351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50352,50353,50355,50357,50359],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50354,10528],{"class":131},[53,50356,116],{"class":67},[53,50358,41754],{"class":550},[53,50360,125],{"class":67},[20,50362,50363],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50365,50366],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[193,50368,50369,50371,50373,50375,50377],{},[196,50370,37260],{},[196,50372,37254],{},[196,50374,37257],{},[196,50376,37263],{},[196,50378,50379],{},"a dictionary",[20,50381,1559],{},[44,50383,50385],{"className":46,"code":50384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50386,50387,50408,50432,50454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50388,50389,50391,50393,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50390,132],{"class":131},[53,50392,116],{"class":67},[53,50394,10528],{"class":131},[53,50396,116],{"class":67},[53,50398,72],{"class":71},[53,50400,48],{"class":75},[53,50402,72],{"class":71},[53,50404,4721],{"class":67},[53,50406,50407],{"class":3024},"      # 6\n",[53,50409,50410,50412,50414,50416,50418,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50411,132],{"class":131},[53,50413,116],{"class":67},[53,50415,10528],{"class":131},[53,50417,2341],{"class":67},[53,50419,274],{"class":273},[53,50421,81],{"class":67},[53,50423,279],{"class":273},[53,50425,81],{"class":67},[53,50427,284],{"class":273},[53,50429,4093],{"class":67},[53,50431,50277],{"class":3024},[53,50433,50434,50436,50438,50440,50442,50444,50446,50448,50451],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,50435,132],{"class":131},[53,50437,116],{"class":67},[53,50439,10528],{"class":131},[53,50441,4871],{"class":67},[53,50443,1684],{"class":273},[53,50445,81],{"class":67},[53,50447,7155],{"class":273},[53,50449,50450],{"class":67},")))",[53,50452,50453],{"class":3024},"      # 2\n",[53,50455,50456,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50477],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,50457,132],{"class":131},[53,50459,116],{"class":67},[53,50461,10528],{"class":131},[53,50463,4890],{"class":67},[53,50465,72],{"class":71},[53,50467,1524],{"class":75},[53,50469,72],{"class":71},[53,50471,191],{"class":67},[53,50473,4858],{"class":273},[53,50475,50476],{"class":67},"}))",[53,50478,50479],{"class":3024},"      # 1\n",[39,50481,50483],{"id":50482},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50485,50486,50487,50489],{},"When you use ",[15,50488,41716],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50491,50492],{},"That includes:",[193,50494,50495,50497,50499],{},[196,50496,655],{},[196,50498,9819],{},[196,50500,50501],{},"punctuation",[20,50503,1559],{},[44,50505,50507],{"className":46,"code":50506,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50508,50509,50522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50510,50511,50513,50515,50517,50520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50512,34042],{"class":59},[53,50514,64],{"class":63},[53,50516,84],{"class":71},[53,50518,50519],{"class":75},"Hi there!",[53,50521,2715],{"class":71},[53,50523,50524,50526,50528,50530,50532,50534,50536],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50525,132],{"class":131},[53,50527,116],{"class":67},[53,50529,10528],{"class":131},[53,50531,116],{"class":67},[53,50533,34063],{"class":112},[53,50535,4721],{"class":67},[53,50537,50538],{"class":3024},"  # 9\n",[20,50540,50541,50542,1222],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50543,1495],{},[193,50545,50546,50552,50556,50559],{},[196,50547,50548,50551],{},[15,50549,50550],{},"H"," = 1",[196,50553,50554,50551],{},[15,50555,35508],{},[196,50557,50558],{},"space = 1",[196,50560,50561,50564],{},[15,50562,50563],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50566,50567,50568],{},"Total: ",[15,50569,1495],{},[20,50571,50572,50573,191],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50574,1470],{},[44,50576,50578],{"className":46,"code":50577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50579,50580,50589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50581,50582,50585,50587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50583,50584],{"class":59},"empty_text ",[53,50586,64],{"class":63},[53,50588,7247],{"class":71},[53,50590,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50602,50604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50592,132],{"class":131},[53,50594,116],{"class":67},[53,50596,10528],{"class":131},[53,50598,116],{"class":67},[53,50600,50601],{"class":112},"empty_text",[53,50603,4721],{"class":67},[53,50605,50606],{"class":3024},"  # 0\n",[20,50608,50609],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[44,50611,50613],{"className":46,"code":50612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50614,50615,50628,50632,50652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50616,50617,50620,50622,50624,50626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50618,50619],{"class":59},"user_name ",[53,50621,64],{"class":63},[53,50623,84],{"class":71},[53,50625,4362],{"class":75},[53,50627,2715],{"class":71},[53,50629,50630],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50631,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,50633,50634,50636,50638,50640,50643,50645,50648,50650],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,50635,1106],{"class":1105},[53,50637,37739],{"class":131},[53,50639,116],{"class":67},[53,50641,50642],{"class":112},"user_name",[53,50644,3021],{"class":67},[53,50646,50647],{"class":63}," >=",[53,50649,284],{"class":273},[53,50651,1120],{"class":67},[53,50653,50654,50656,50658,50660,50663,50665],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,50655,7435],{"class":131},[53,50657,116],{"class":67},[53,50659,72],{"class":71},[53,50661,50662],{"class":75},"Name is long enough",[53,50664,72],{"class":71},[53,50666,125],{"class":67},[39,50668,50670],{"id":50669},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50672,50673,50674,50676],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50675,41716],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50678,50679],{},"Example with a list:",[44,50681,50683],{"className":46,"code":50682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50684,50685,50717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50713,50715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50688,60],{"class":59},[53,50690,64],{"class":63},[53,50692,2982],{"class":67},[53,50694,72],{"class":71},[53,50696,76],{"class":75},[53,50698,72],{"class":71},[53,50700,81],{"class":67},[53,50702,84],{"class":71},[53,50704,96],{"class":75},[53,50706,72],{"class":71},[53,50708,81],{"class":67},[53,50710,84],{"class":71},[53,50712,87],{"class":75},[53,50714,72],{"class":71},[53,50716,2995],{"class":67},[53,50718,50719,50721,50723,50725,50727,50729,50731],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50720,132],{"class":131},[53,50722,116],{"class":67},[53,50724,10528],{"class":131},[53,50726,116],{"class":67},[53,50728,107],{"class":112},[53,50730,4721],{"class":67},[53,50732,50129],{"class":3024},[20,50734,37269],{},[44,50736,50738],{"className":46,"code":50737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50739,50740,50757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50741,50742,50745,50747,50749,50751,50753,50755],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50743,50744],{"class":59},"point ",[53,50746,64],{"class":63},[53,50748,8605],{"class":67},[53,50750,1684],{"class":273},[53,50752,81],{"class":67},[53,50754,7155],{"class":273},[53,50756,125],{"class":67},[53,50758,50759,50761,50763,50765,50767,50770,50772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50760,132],{"class":131},[53,50762,116],{"class":67},[53,50764,10528],{"class":131},[53,50766,116],{"class":67},[53,50768,50769],{"class":112},"point",[53,50771,4721],{"class":67},[53,50773,50774],{"class":3024},"  # 2\n",[20,50776,50777],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[44,50779,50781],{"className":46,"code":50780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,50782,50783,50807,50811,50829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50784,50785,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795,50797,50799,50801,50803,50805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50786,7144],{"class":59},[53,50788,64],{"class":63},[53,50790,2982],{"class":67},[53,50792,72],{"class":71},[53,50794,356],{"class":75},[53,50796,72],{"class":71},[53,50798,81],{"class":67},[53,50800,84],{"class":71},[53,50802,365],{"class":75},[53,50804,72],{"class":71},[53,50806,2995],{"class":67},[53,50808,50809],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50810,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,50812,50813,50815,50817,50819,50821,50823,50825,50827],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,50814,1106],{"class":1105},[53,50816,37739],{"class":131},[53,50818,116],{"class":67},[53,50820,7175],{"class":112},[53,50822,3021],{"class":67},[53,50824,37749],{"class":63},[53,50826,4858],{"class":273},[53,50828,1120],{"class":67},[53,50830,50831,50833,50835,50837,50839,50841,50843],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,50832,7435],{"class":131},[53,50834,116],{"class":67},[53,50836,7175],{"class":112},[53,50838,3260],{"class":67},[53,50840,274],{"class":273},[53,50842,19802],{"class":67},[53,50844,50845],{"class":3024},"  # banana\n",[20,50847,50848],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[44,50850,50852],{"className":46,"code":50851,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,50853,50854,50877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50855,50856,50858,50860,50862,50865,50867,50870,50872,50875],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50857,4422],{"class":59},[53,50859,64],{"class":63},[53,50861,2982],{"class":67},[53,50863,50864],{"class":273},"88",[53,50866,81],{"class":67},[53,50868,50869],{"class":273}," 91",[53,50871,81],{"class":67},[53,50873,50874],{"class":273}," 75",[53,50876,2995],{"class":67},[53,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50888,50890,50892,50894,50896,50898],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50880,132],{"class":131},[53,50882,116],{"class":67},[53,50884,72],{"class":71},[53,50886,50887],{"class":75},"Number of scores:",[53,50889,72],{"class":71},[53,50891,81],{"class":67},[53,50893,37739],{"class":131},[53,50895,116],{"class":67},[53,50897,15749],{"class":112},[53,50899,1377],{"class":67},[20,50901,50902,50903,37],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[464,50904,50906],{"href":50905},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[39,50908,50910],{"id":50909},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,50912,50913,50914,50916],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,50915,41716],{}," counts keys.",[44,50918,50920],{"className":46,"code":50919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,50921,50922,50930,50948,50962,50978,50982,50986],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,50923,50924,50926,50928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,50925,12227],{"class":59},[53,50927,64],{"class":63},[53,50929,10857],{"class":67},[53,50931,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,50933,10862],{"class":71},[53,50935,7032],{"class":75},[53,50937,72],{"class":71},[53,50939,191],{"class":67},[53,50941,84],{"class":71},[53,50943,7287],{"class":75},[53,50945,72],{"class":71},[53,50947,10878],{"class":67},[53,50949,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,50951,10862],{"class":71},[53,50953,8667],{"class":75},[53,50955,72],{"class":71},[53,50957,191],{"class":67},[53,50959,30296],{"class":273},[53,50961,10878],{"class":67},[53,50963,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,50965,10862],{"class":71},[53,50967,19247],{"class":75},[53,50969,72],{"class":71},[53,50971,191],{"class":67},[53,50973,84],{"class":71},[53,50975,21599],{"class":75},[53,50977,2715],{"class":71},[53,50979,50980],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,50981,101],{"class":67},[53,50983,50984],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,50985,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,50987,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,50989,132],{"class":131},[53,50991,116],{"class":67},[53,50993,10528],{"class":131},[53,50995,116],{"class":67},[53,50997,12985],{"class":112},[53,50999,4721],{"class":67},[53,51001,50129],{"class":3024},[20,51003,51004,51005,51007],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51006,41716],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51009,51010,51011,51013],{},"For sets, ",[15,51012,41716],{}," counts unique items:",[44,51015,51017],{"className":46,"code":51016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51018,51019,51047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51020,51021,51023,51025,51027,51029,51031,51033,51035,51037,51039,51041,51043,51045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51022,266],{"class":59},[53,51024,64],{"class":63},[53,51026,68],{"class":67},[53,51028,274],{"class":273},[53,51030,81],{"class":67},[53,51032,279],{"class":273},[53,51034,81],{"class":67},[53,51036,284],{"class":273},[53,51038,81],{"class":67},[53,51040,284],{"class":273},[53,51042,81],{"class":67},[53,51044,279],{"class":273},[53,51046,101],{"class":67},[53,51048,51049,51051,51053,51055,51057,51059,51061],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51050,132],{"class":131},[53,51052,116],{"class":67},[53,51054,10528],{"class":131},[53,51056,116],{"class":67},[53,51058,291],{"class":112},[53,51060,4721],{"class":67},[53,51062,50129],{"class":3024},[20,51064,51065],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51067,51068],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[44,51070,51072],{"className":46,"code":51071,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51073,51074,51082,51086,51104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51075,51076,51078,51080],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51077,8534],{"class":59},[53,51079,64],{"class":63},[53,51081,9205],{"class":67},[53,51083,51084],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51085,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,51087,51088,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,51089,1106],{"class":1105},[53,51091,37739],{"class":131},[53,51093,116],{"class":67},[53,51095,8573],{"class":112},[53,51097,3021],{"class":67},[53,51099,5770],{"class":63},[53,51101,3194],{"class":273},[53,51103,1120],{"class":67},[53,51105,51106,51108,51110,51112,51115,51117],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,51107,7435],{"class":131},[53,51109,116],{"class":67},[53,51111,72],{"class":71},[53,51113,51114],{"class":75},"The dictionary is empty",[53,51116,72],{"class":71},[53,51118,125],{"class":67},[39,51120,40400],{"id":40399},[20,51122,51123,51124,37],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51125,41716],{},[599,51127,51129],{"id":51128},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[44,51131,51133],{"className":46,"code":51132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51134,51135,51143,51147,51165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51136,51137,51139,51141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51138,7144],{"class":59},[53,51140,64],{"class":63},[53,51142,7204],{"class":67},[53,51144,51145],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51146,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,51148,51149,51151,51153,51155,51157,51159,51161,51163],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,51150,1106],{"class":1105},[53,51152,37739],{"class":131},[53,51154,116],{"class":67},[53,51156,7175],{"class":112},[53,51158,3021],{"class":67},[53,51160,5770],{"class":63},[53,51162,3194],{"class":273},[53,51164,1120],{"class":67},[53,51166,51167,51169,51171,51173,51176,51178],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,51168,7435],{"class":131},[53,51170,116],{"class":67},[53,51172,72],{"class":71},[53,51174,51175],{"class":75},"The list is empty",[53,51177,72],{"class":71},[53,51179,125],{"class":67},[599,51181,51183],{"id":51182},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[44,51185,51187],{"className":46,"code":51186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51188,51189,51208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51190,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51204,51206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51192,5516],{"class":59},[53,51194,64],{"class":63},[53,51196,7609],{"class":131},[53,51198,116],{"class":67},[53,51200,72],{"class":71},[53,51202,51203],{"class":75},"Enter a word: ",[53,51205,72],{"class":71},[53,51207,125],{"class":67},[53,51209,51210,51212,51214,51216,51219,51221,51223,51225,51227,51229],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51211,132],{"class":131},[53,51213,116],{"class":67},[53,51215,72],{"class":71},[53,51217,51218],{"class":75},"Number of characters:",[53,51220,72],{"class":71},[53,51222,81],{"class":67},[53,51224,37739],{"class":131},[53,51226,116],{"class":67},[53,51228,37744],{"class":112},[53,51230,1377],{"class":67},[599,51232,51234],{"id":51233},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[44,51236,51238],{"className":46,"code":51237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51239,51240,51254,51258,51276,51291,51297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51241,51242,51245,51247,51249,51252],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51243,51244],{"class":59},"password ",[53,51246,64],{"class":63},[53,51248,84],{"class":71},[53,51250,51251],{"class":75},"secret123",[53,51253,2715],{"class":71},[53,51255,51256],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51257,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,51259,51260,51262,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,51261,1106],{"class":1105},[53,51263,37739],{"class":131},[53,51265,116],{"class":67},[53,51267,16979],{"class":112},[53,51269,3021],{"class":67},[53,51271,50647],{"class":63},[53,51273,5722],{"class":273},[53,51275,1120],{"class":67},[53,51277,51278,51280,51282,51284,51287,51289],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,51279,7435],{"class":131},[53,51281,116],{"class":67},[53,51283,72],{"class":71},[53,51285,51286],{"class":75},"Password length is valid",[53,51288,72],{"class":71},[53,51290,125],{"class":67},[53,51292,51293,51295],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,51294,26789],{"class":1105},[53,51296,1120],{"class":67},[53,51298,51299,51301,51303,51305,51308,51310],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,51300,7435],{"class":131},[53,51302,116],{"class":67},[53,51304,72],{"class":71},[53,51306,51307],{"class":75},"Password is too short",[53,51309,72],{"class":71},[53,51311,125],{"class":67},[599,51313,51315],{"id":51314},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[44,51317,51319],{"className":46,"code":51318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51320,51321,51357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51322,51323,51326,51328,51330,51332,51335,51337,51339,51341,51344,51346,51348,51350,51353,51355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51324,51325],{"class":59},"results ",[53,51327,64],{"class":63},[53,51329,2982],{"class":67},[53,51331,72],{"class":71},[53,51333,51334],{"class":75},"item1",[53,51336,72],{"class":71},[53,51338,81],{"class":67},[53,51340,84],{"class":71},[53,51342,51343],{"class":75},"item2",[53,51345,72],{"class":71},[53,51347,81],{"class":67},[53,51349,84],{"class":71},[53,51351,51352],{"class":75},"item3",[53,51354,72],{"class":71},[53,51356,2995],{"class":67},[53,51358,51359,51361,51363,51365,51368,51370,51372,51374,51376,51379],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51360,132],{"class":131},[53,51362,116],{"class":67},[53,51364,72],{"class":71},[53,51366,51367],{"class":75},"Items found:",[53,51369,72],{"class":71},[53,51371,81],{"class":67},[53,51373,37739],{"class":131},[53,51375,116],{"class":67},[53,51377,51378],{"class":112},"results",[53,51380,1377],{"class":67},[20,51382,51383],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[39,51385,51387],{"id":51386},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51389,51390,51392],{},[15,51391,41716],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51394,51395,51396,191],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51397,2360],{},[193,51399,51400,51403,51406],{},[196,51401,51402],{},"plain integers",[196,51404,51405],{},"floats",[196,51407,51408],{},[15,51409,849],{},[20,51411,1559],{},[44,51413,51415],{"className":46,"code":51414,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51416,51417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51418,51419,51421,51423,51425,51427,51429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51420,132],{"class":131},[53,51422,116],{"class":67},[53,51424,10528],{"class":131},[53,51426,116],{"class":67},[53,51428,1487],{"class":273},[53,51430,1377],{"class":67},[20,51432,51433,51434,51436],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51435,1487],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51438,51439],{},"Another example:",[44,51441,51443],{"className":46,"code":51442,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51444,51445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51446,51447,51449,51451,51453,51455,51457],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51448,132],{"class":131},[53,51450,116],{"class":67},[53,51452,10528],{"class":131},[53,51454,116],{"class":67},[53,51456,39497],{"class":273},[53,51458,1377],{"class":67},[20,51460,51461,51462,191],{},"And with ",[15,51463,849],{},[44,51465,51467],{"className":46,"code":51466,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51468,51469,51477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51470,51471,51473,51475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51472,1801],{"class":59},[53,51474,64],{"class":63},[53,51476,47885],{"class":938},[53,51478,51479,51481,51483,51485,51487,51489],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51480,132],{"class":131},[53,51482,116],{"class":67},[53,51484,10528],{"class":131},[53,51486,116],{"class":67},[53,51488,236],{"class":112},[53,51490,1377],{"class":67},[20,51492,51493,51494,37],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[464,51495,51497],{"href":51496},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[39,51499,51501],{"id":51500},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51503,51504,51505,51507],{},"Before using ",[15,51506,41716],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51509,51510],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[44,51512,51514],{"className":46,"code":51513,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51515,51516,51524,51528,51538,51552,51570,51588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51517,51518,51520,51522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51519,1801],{"class":59},[53,51521,64],{"class":63},[53,51523,47885],{"class":938},[53,51525,51526],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51527,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,51529,51530,51532,51534,51536],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,51531,132],{"class":131},[53,51533,116],{"class":67},[53,51535,236],{"class":112},[53,51537,125],{"class":67},[53,51539,51540,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,51541,132],{"class":131},[53,51543,116],{"class":67},[53,51545,2578],{"class":550},[53,51547,116],{"class":67},[53,51549,236],{"class":112},[53,51551,1377],{"class":67},[53,51553,51554,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,51555,132],{"class":131},[53,51557,116],{"class":67},[53,51559,48233],{"class":131},[53,51561,116],{"class":67},[53,51563,236],{"class":112},[53,51565,81],{"class":67},[53,51567,48262],{"class":550},[53,51569,1377],{"class":67},[53,51571,51572,51574,51576,51578,51580,51582,51584,51586],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,51573,132],{"class":131},[53,51575,116],{"class":67},[53,51577,48233],{"class":131},[53,51579,116],{"class":67},[53,51581,236],{"class":112},[53,51583,81],{"class":67},[53,51585,21913],{"class":550},[53,51587,1377],{"class":67},[53,51589,51590,51592,51594,51596,51598,51600,51602,51604],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,51591,132],{"class":131},[53,51593,116],{"class":67},[53,51595,48233],{"class":131},[53,51597,116],{"class":67},[53,51599,236],{"class":112},[53,51601,81],{"class":67},[53,51603,8539],{"class":550},[53,51605,1377],{"class":67},[20,51607,51608],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51610,51611],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[44,51613,51615],{"className":46,"code":51614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51616,51617,51629,51633,51647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51618,51619,51621,51623,51625,51627],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51620,1801],{"class":59},[53,51622,64],{"class":63},[53,51624,84],{"class":71},[53,51626,3206],{"class":75},[53,51628,2715],{"class":71},[53,51630,51631],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51632,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,51634,51635,51637,51639,51641,51643,51645],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,51636,1106],{"class":1105},[53,51638,20939],{"class":59},[53,51640,11558],{"class":63},[53,51642,7466],{"class":63},[53,51644,3213],{"class":938},[53,51646,1120],{"class":67},[53,51648,51649,51651,51653,51655,51657,51659],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,51650,7435],{"class":131},[53,51652,116],{"class":67},[53,51654,10528],{"class":131},[53,51656,116],{"class":67},[53,51658,236],{"class":112},[53,51660,1377],{"class":67},[20,51662,51663,51664,37],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[464,51665,7810],{"href":1652},[39,51667,2185],{"id":2184},[20,51669,22448,51670,191],{},[15,51671,41716],{},[193,51673,51674,51682,51690,51698,51704],{},[196,51675,7785,51676,51678,51679],{},[15,51677,41716],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51680,51681],{},"len(5)",[196,51683,7785,51684,51686,51687],{},[15,51685,41716],{}," on a float like ",[15,51688,51689],{},"len(3.14)",[196,51691,7785,51692,51694,51695,51697],{},[15,51693,41716],{}," on ",[15,51696,849],{}," after a function returns nothing",[196,51699,3937,51700,51703],{},[15,51701,51702],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[196,51705,51706],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51708,51709],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[44,51711,51713],{"className":46,"code":51712,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51714,51715,51751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51716,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725,51727,51729,51731,51733,51735,51737,51739,51741,51743,51745,51747,51749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51718,12563],{"class":59},[53,51720,64],{"class":63},[53,51722,68],{"class":67},[53,51724,72],{"class":71},[53,51726,7032],{"class":75},[53,51728,72],{"class":71},[53,51730,191],{"class":67},[53,51732,84],{"class":71},[53,51734,12244],{"class":75},[53,51736,72],{"class":71},[53,51738,81],{"class":67},[53,51740,84],{"class":71},[53,51742,8667],{"class":75},[53,51744,72],{"class":71},[53,51746,191],{"class":67},[53,51748,7155],{"class":273},[53,51750,101],{"class":67},[53,51752,51753,51755,51757,51759,51761,51763,51765],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51754,132],{"class":131},[53,51756,116],{"class":67},[53,51758,10528],{"class":131},[53,51760,116],{"class":67},[53,51762,16666],{"class":112},[53,51764,4721],{"class":67},[53,51766,50774],{"class":3024},[20,51768,36947,51769,51771,51772,594,51774,37],{},[15,51770,300],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,51773,14600],{},[15,51775,51776],{},"\"age\"",[20,51778,51779],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[44,51781,51783],{"className":46,"code":51782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,51784,51785,51798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51786,51787,51789,51791,51793,51796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51788,34042],{"class":59},[53,51790,64],{"class":63},[53,51792,84],{"class":71},[53,51794,51795],{"class":75},"a b",[53,51797,2715],{"class":71},[53,51799,51800,51802,51804,51806,51808,51810,51812],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51801,132],{"class":131},[53,51803,116],{"class":67},[53,51805,10528],{"class":131},[53,51807,116],{"class":67},[53,51809,34063],{"class":112},[53,51811,4721],{"class":67},[53,51813,50129],{"class":3024},[20,51815,51816],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[39,51818,1187],{"id":1186},[599,51820,51822],{"id":51821},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,51824,51825],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[599,51827,51829],{"id":51828},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,51831,51832],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[599,51834,51836],{"id":51835},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,51838,51839],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[599,51841,51843],{"id":51842},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,51845,51846,51847,51849,51850,1219,51852,477,51854,37],{},"No. Using ",[15,51848,41716],{}," on an ",[15,51851,1539],{},[15,51853,1543],{},[15,51855,2360],{},[599,51857,51859],{"id":51858},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,51861,7127,51862,37],{},[15,51863,51864],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,51866,1559],{},[44,51868,51870],{"className":46,"code":51869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,51871,51872,51880,51884,51902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,51873,51874,51876,51878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,51875,7675],{"class":59},[53,51877,64],{"class":63},[53,51879,7204],{"class":67},[53,51881,51882],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,51883,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,51885,51886,51888,51890,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,51887,1106],{"class":1105},[53,51889,37739],{"class":131},[53,51891,116],{"class":67},[53,51893,7706],{"class":112},[53,51895,3021],{"class":67},[53,51897,5770],{"class":63},[53,51899,3194],{"class":273},[53,51901,1120],{"class":67},[53,51903,51904,51906,51908,51910,51913,51915],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,51905,7435],{"class":131},[53,51907,116],{"class":67},[53,51909,72],{"class":71},[53,51911,51912],{"class":75},"Empty list",[53,51914,72],{"class":71},[53,51916,125],{"class":67},[20,51918,51919,51920,51922,51923,51925,51926,51928],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,51921,3035],{}," in an ",[15,51924,1106],{}," statement, but ",[15,51927,41716],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[39,51930,1244],{"id":1243},[193,51932,51933,51937,51941,51945,51950,51954,51960],{},[196,51934,51935],{},[464,51936,50335],{"href":50334},[196,51938,51939],{},[464,51940,50339],{"href":50338},[196,51942,51943],{},[464,51944,8524],{"href":8523},[196,51946,51947],{},[464,51948,51949],{"href":50905},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[196,51951,51952],{},[464,51953,7810],{"href":1652},[196,51955,51956],{},[464,51957,51959],{"href":51958},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[196,51961,51962],{},[464,51963,51964],{"href":51496},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1276,51966,51967],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":51969},[51970,51971,51972,51973,51974,51975,51976,51982,51983,51984,51985,51992],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":50137,"depth":104,"text":50138},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":50482,"depth":104,"text":50483},{"id":50669,"depth":104,"text":50670},{"id":50909,"depth":104,"text":50910},{"id":40399,"depth":104,"text":40400,"children":51977},[51978,51979,51980,51981],{"id":51128,"depth":128,"text":51129},{"id":51182,"depth":128,"text":51183},{"id":51233,"depth":128,"text":51234},{"id":51314,"depth":128,"text":51315},{"id":51386,"depth":104,"text":51387},{"id":51500,"depth":104,"text":51501},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":51986},[51987,51988,51989,51990,51991],{"id":51821,"depth":128,"text":51822},{"id":51828,"depth":128,"text":51829},{"id":51835,"depth":128,"text":51836},{"id":51842,"depth":128,"text":51843},{"id":51858,"depth":128,"text":51859},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50020,"description":51993},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52000,"title":52001,"body":52002,"description":53687,"extension":1312,"meta":53688,"navigation":383,"path":53689,"seo":53690,"stem":53691,"__hash__":53692},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52003,"toc":53660},[52004,52007,52021,52027,52029,52083,52088,52092,52108,52111,52125,52131,52133,52136,52155,52171,52173,52249,52251,52288,52299,52301,52304,52365,52367,52400,52403,52409,52413,52416,52541,52543,52602,52610,52663,52665,52692,52698,52708,52712,52715,52720,52772,52774,52800,52806,52860,52862,52887,52890,52914,52920,52922,52926,52928,52985,52987,52995,52997,53019,53021,53074,53076,53100,53104,53106,53145,53147,53155,53161,53165,53217,53219,53245,53253,53257,53262,53271,53273,53339,53341,53373,53377,53382,53384,53398,53401,53474,53476,53502,53504,53508,53515,53519,53526,53530,53533,53535,53588,53590,53616,53620,53629,53631,53657],[10,52005,52001],{"id":52006},"python-list-append-method",[20,52008,1329,52009,52012,52013,52016,52017,52020],{},[15,52010,52011],{},"append()"," method adds ",[30,52014,52015],{},"one item"," to the ",[30,52018,52019],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52022,52023,52024,52026],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[30,52025,461],{}," create a new list.",[39,52028,2968],{"id":2967},[44,52030,52032],{"className":46,"code":52031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52033,52034,52054,52068,52078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52035,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046,52048,52050,52052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52037,266],{"class":59},[53,52039,64],{"class":63},[53,52041,2982],{"class":67},[53,52043,274],{"class":273},[53,52045,81],{"class":67},[53,52047,279],{"class":273},[53,52049,81],{"class":67},[53,52051,284],{"class":273},[53,52053,2995],{"class":67},[53,52055,52056,52058,52060,52062,52064,52066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52057,291],{"class":59},[53,52059,37],{"class":67},[53,52061,12912],{"class":112},[53,52063,116],{"class":67},[53,52065,1858],{"class":273},[53,52067,125],{"class":67},[53,52069,52070,52072,52074,52076],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52071,132],{"class":131},[53,52073,116],{"class":67},[53,52075,291],{"class":112},[53,52077,125],{"class":67},[53,52079,52080],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52081,52082],{"class":3024},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52084,174,52085,52087],{},[15,52086,52011],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[39,52089,52091],{"id":52090},"what-append-does","What append() does",[193,52093,52094,52099,52102,52105],{},[196,52095,52096,52098],{},[15,52097,52011],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[196,52100,52101],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[196,52103,52104],{},"It does not create a new list",[196,52106,52107],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52109,52110],{},"This means you can append:",[193,52112,52113,52115,52117,52119,52121,52123],{},[196,52114,291],{},[196,52116,4668],{},[196,52118,39948],{},[196,52120,4659],{},[196,52122,6614],{},[196,52124,34016],{},[20,52126,52127,52128,37],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[464,52129,52130],{"href":50338},"Python lists explained for beginners",[39,52132,4791],{"id":4790},[20,52134,52135],{},"Basic form:",[44,52137,52139],{"className":46,"code":52138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52140,52141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52142,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151,52153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52144,7706],{"class":59},[53,52146,37],{"class":67},[53,52148,12912],{"class":112},[53,52150,116],{"class":67},[53,52152,22664],{"class":112},[53,52154,125],{"class":67},[193,52156,52157,52162,52167],{},[196,52158,52159,52161],{},[15,52160,7706],{}," is the list you want to change",[196,52163,52164,52166],{},[15,52165,22664],{}," is the value or object to add",[196,52168,11275,52169],{},[15,52170,849],{},[20,52172,1559],{},[44,52174,52176],{"className":46,"code":52175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52177,52178,52202,52225,52229,52239],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52179,52180,52182,52184,52186,52188,52190,52192,52194,52196,52198,52200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52181,347],{"class":59},[53,52183,64],{"class":63},[53,52185,2982],{"class":67},[53,52187,72],{"class":71},[53,52189,356],{"class":75},[53,52191,72],{"class":71},[53,52193,81],{"class":67},[53,52195,84],{"class":71},[53,52197,365],{"class":75},[53,52199,72],{"class":71},[53,52201,2995],{"class":67},[53,52203,52204,52206,52208,52211,52213,52215,52217,52219,52221,52223],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52205,1582],{"class":59},[53,52207,64],{"class":63},[53,52209,52210],{"class":59}," fruits",[53,52212,37],{"class":67},[53,52214,12912],{"class":112},[53,52216,116],{"class":67},[53,52218,72],{"class":71},[53,52220,374],{"class":75},[53,52222,72],{"class":71},[53,52224,125],{"class":67},[53,52226,52227],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52228,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52230,52231,52233,52235,52237],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52232,132],{"class":131},[53,52234,116],{"class":67},[53,52236,389],{"class":112},[53,52238,125],{"class":67},[53,52240,52241,52243,52245,52247],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,52242,132],{"class":131},[53,52244,116],{"class":67},[53,52246,1617],{"class":112},[53,52248,125],{"class":67},[20,52250,772],{},[44,52252,52254],{"className":46,"code":52253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52255,52256,52284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52257,52258,52260,52262,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272,52274,52276,52278,52280,52282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52259,3260],{"class":67},[53,52261,156],{"class":71},[53,52263,356],{"class":75},[53,52265,156],{"class":71},[53,52267,81],{"class":67},[53,52269,165],{"class":71},[53,52271,365],{"class":75},[53,52273,156],{"class":71},[53,52275,81],{"class":67},[53,52277,165],{"class":71},[53,52279,374],{"class":75},[53,52281,156],{"class":71},[53,52283,2995],{"class":67},[53,52285,52286],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52287,931],{"class":938},[20,52289,52290,52291,52293,52294,52296,52297,37],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52292,52011],{}," updates ",[15,52295,389],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52298,849],{},[39,52300,337],{"id":336},[20,52302,52303],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[44,52305,52307],{"className":46,"code":52306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52308,52309,52333,52351,52355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52310,52311,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329,52331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52312,60],{"class":59},[53,52314,64],{"class":63},[53,52316,2982],{"class":67},[53,52318,72],{"class":71},[53,52320,76],{"class":75},[53,52322,72],{"class":71},[53,52324,81],{"class":67},[53,52326,84],{"class":71},[53,52328,87],{"class":75},[53,52330,72],{"class":71},[53,52332,2995],{"class":67},[53,52334,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52336,107],{"class":59},[53,52338,37],{"class":67},[53,52340,12912],{"class":112},[53,52342,116],{"class":67},[53,52344,72],{"class":71},[53,52346,96],{"class":75},[53,52348,72],{"class":71},[53,52350,125],{"class":67},[53,52352,52353],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52354,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52358,132],{"class":131},[53,52360,116],{"class":67},[53,52362,107],{"class":112},[53,52364,125],{"class":67},[20,52366,772],{},[44,52368,52370],{"className":46,"code":52369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52371,52372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52373,52374,52376,52378,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52375,3260],{"class":67},[53,52377,156],{"class":71},[53,52379,76],{"class":75},[53,52381,156],{"class":71},[53,52383,81],{"class":67},[53,52385,165],{"class":71},[53,52387,87],{"class":75},[53,52389,156],{"class":71},[53,52391,81],{"class":67},[53,52393,165],{"class":71},[53,52395,96],{"class":75},[53,52397,156],{"class":71},[53,52399,2995],{"class":67},[20,52401,52402],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52404,30436,52405,37],{},[464,52406,52408],{"href":52407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[39,52410,52412],{"id":52411},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52414,52415],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[44,52417,52419],{"className":46,"code":52418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52420,52421,52429,52433,52447,52465,52479,52505,52527,52531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52422,52423,52425,52427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52424,7144],{"class":59},[53,52426,64],{"class":63},[53,52428,7204],{"class":67},[53,52430,52431],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52432,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52434,52435,52437,52439,52441,52443,52445],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52436,7175],{"class":59},[53,52438,37],{"class":67},[53,52440,12912],{"class":112},[53,52442,116],{"class":67},[53,52444,1684],{"class":273},[53,52446,125],{"class":67},[53,52448,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52450,7175],{"class":59},[53,52452,37],{"class":67},[53,52454,12912],{"class":112},[53,52456,116],{"class":67},[53,52458,72],{"class":71},[53,52460,3206],{"class":75},[53,52462,72],{"class":71},[53,52464,125],{"class":67},[53,52466,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,52468,7175],{"class":59},[53,52470,37],{"class":67},[53,52472,12912],{"class":112},[53,52474,116],{"class":67},[53,52476,2963],{"class":938},[53,52478,125],{"class":67},[53,52480,52481,52483,52485,52487,52489,52491,52493,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,52482,7175],{"class":59},[53,52484,37],{"class":67},[53,52486,12912],{"class":112},[53,52488,4890],{"class":67},[53,52490,72],{"class":71},[53,52492,7032],{"class":75},[53,52494,72],{"class":71},[53,52496,191],{"class":67},[53,52498,84],{"class":71},[53,52500,7041],{"class":75},[53,52502,72],{"class":71},[53,52504,29849],{"class":67},[53,52506,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523,52525],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,52508,7175],{"class":59},[53,52510,37],{"class":67},[53,52512,12912],{"class":112},[53,52514,2341],{"class":67},[53,52516,274],{"class":273},[53,52518,81],{"class":67},[53,52520,279],{"class":273},[53,52522,81],{"class":67},[53,52524,284],{"class":273},[53,52526,3248],{"class":67},[53,52528,52529],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,52530,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52532,52533,52535,52537,52539],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,52534,132],{"class":131},[53,52536,116],{"class":67},[53,52538,7175],{"class":112},[53,52540,125],{"class":67},[20,52542,772],{},[44,52544,52546],{"className":46,"code":52545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52547,52548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52549,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52587,52589,52591,52593,52595,52597,52599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52551,3260],{"class":67},[53,52553,1684],{"class":273},[53,52555,81],{"class":67},[53,52557,165],{"class":71},[53,52559,3206],{"class":75},[53,52561,156],{"class":71},[53,52563,81],{"class":67},[53,52565,3276],{"class":938},[53,52567,81],{"class":67},[53,52569,68],{"class":67},[53,52571,156],{"class":71},[53,52573,7032],{"class":75},[53,52575,156],{"class":71},[53,52577,191],{"class":67},[53,52579,165],{"class":71},[53,52581,7041],{"class":75},[53,52583,156],{"class":71},[53,52585,52586],{"class":67},"},",[53,52588,2982],{"class":67},[53,52590,274],{"class":273},[53,52592,81],{"class":67},[53,52594,279],{"class":273},[53,52596,81],{"class":67},[53,52598,284],{"class":273},[53,52600,52601],{"class":67},"]]\n",[20,52603,52604,52605,41510,52607,37],{},"A list added with ",[15,52606,52011],{},[30,52608,52609],{},"one single item",[44,52611,52613],{"className":46,"code":52612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52614,52615,52631,52649,52653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52616,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52618,266],{"class":59},[53,52620,64],{"class":63},[53,52622,2982],{"class":67},[53,52624,274],{"class":273},[53,52626,81],{"class":67},[53,52628,279],{"class":273},[53,52630,2995],{"class":67},[53,52632,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641,52643,52645,52647],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52634,291],{"class":59},[53,52636,37],{"class":67},[53,52638,12912],{"class":112},[53,52640,2341],{"class":67},[53,52642,1412],{"class":273},[53,52644,81],{"class":67},[53,52646,1811],{"class":273},[53,52648,3248],{"class":67},[53,52650,52651],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52652,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52654,52655,52657,52659,52661],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52656,132],{"class":131},[53,52658,116],{"class":67},[53,52660,291],{"class":112},[53,52662,125],{"class":67},[20,52664,772],{},[44,52666,52668],{"className":46,"code":52667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52669,52670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52671,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688,52690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52673,3260],{"class":67},[53,52675,274],{"class":273},[53,52677,81],{"class":67},[53,52679,279],{"class":273},[53,52681,81],{"class":67},[53,52683,2982],{"class":67},[53,52685,1412],{"class":273},[53,52687,81],{"class":67},[53,52689,1811],{"class":273},[53,52691,52601],{"class":67},[20,52693,1639,52694,52697],{},[15,52695,52696],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52699,52700,52701,52707],{},"This is different from ",[464,52702,52704],{"href":52703},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52705,52706],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[39,52709,52711],{"id":52710},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52713,52714],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[599,52716,7785,52718],{"id":52717},"using-append",[15,52719,52011],{},[44,52721,52722],{"className":46,"code":52612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,52723,52724,52740,52758,52762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52725,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52727,266],{"class":59},[53,52729,64],{"class":63},[53,52731,2982],{"class":67},[53,52733,274],{"class":273},[53,52735,81],{"class":67},[53,52737,279],{"class":273},[53,52739,2995],{"class":67},[53,52741,52742,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52743,291],{"class":59},[53,52745,37],{"class":67},[53,52747,12912],{"class":112},[53,52749,2341],{"class":67},[53,52751,1412],{"class":273},[53,52753,81],{"class":67},[53,52755,1811],{"class":273},[53,52757,3248],{"class":67},[53,52759,52760],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52761,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52763,52764,52766,52768,52770],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52765,132],{"class":131},[53,52767,116],{"class":67},[53,52769,291],{"class":112},[53,52771,125],{"class":67},[20,52773,772],{},[44,52775,52776],{"className":46,"code":52667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,52777,52778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52779,52780,52782,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52781,3260],{"class":67},[53,52783,274],{"class":273},[53,52785,81],{"class":67},[53,52787,279],{"class":273},[53,52789,81],{"class":67},[53,52791,2982],{"class":67},[53,52793,1412],{"class":273},[53,52795,81],{"class":67},[53,52797,1811],{"class":273},[53,52799,52601],{"class":67},[599,52801,7785,52803],{"id":52802},"using-extend",[15,52804,52805],{},"extend()",[44,52807,52809],{"className":46,"code":52808,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52810,52811,52827,52846,52850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52812,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823,52825],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52814,266],{"class":59},[53,52816,64],{"class":63},[53,52818,2982],{"class":67},[53,52820,274],{"class":273},[53,52822,81],{"class":67},[53,52824,279],{"class":273},[53,52826,2995],{"class":67},[53,52828,52829,52831,52833,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52830,291],{"class":59},[53,52832,37],{"class":67},[53,52834,52835],{"class":112},"extend",[53,52837,2341],{"class":67},[53,52839,1412],{"class":273},[53,52841,81],{"class":67},[53,52843,1811],{"class":273},[53,52845,3248],{"class":67},[53,52847,52848],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52849,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52851,52852,52854,52856,52858],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52853,132],{"class":131},[53,52855,116],{"class":67},[53,52857,291],{"class":112},[53,52859,125],{"class":67},[20,52861,772],{},[44,52863,52865],{"className":46,"code":52864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52866,52867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52868,52869,52871,52873,52875,52877,52879,52881,52883,52885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52870,3260],{"class":67},[53,52872,274],{"class":273},[53,52874,81],{"class":67},[53,52876,279],{"class":273},[53,52878,81],{"class":67},[53,52880,284],{"class":273},[53,52882,81],{"class":67},[53,52884,1811],{"class":273},[53,52886,2995],{"class":67},[20,52888,52889],{},"The difference:",[193,52891,52892,52898,52904,52909],{},[196,52893,52894,52897],{},[15,52895,52896],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[196,52899,52900,52903],{},[15,52901,52902],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[196,52905,174,52906,52908],{},[15,52907,52011],{}," for one item",[196,52910,174,52911,52913],{},[15,52912,52805],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,52915,52916,52917,37],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[464,52918,52919],{"href":52703},"Python list extend() method",[39,52921,834],{"id":833},[599,52923,52925],{"id":52924},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,52927,25045],{},[44,52929,52931],{"className":46,"code":52930,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52932,52933,52953,52971,52975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52934,52935,52937,52939,52941,52943,52945,52947,52949,52951],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52936,7144],{"class":59},[53,52938,64],{"class":63},[53,52940,2982],{"class":67},[53,52942,274],{"class":273},[53,52944,81],{"class":67},[53,52946,279],{"class":273},[53,52948,81],{"class":67},[53,52950,284],{"class":273},[53,52952,2995],{"class":67},[53,52954,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967,52969],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,52956,7144],{"class":59},[53,52958,64],{"class":63},[53,52960,5327],{"class":59},[53,52962,37],{"class":67},[53,52964,12912],{"class":112},[53,52966,116],{"class":67},[53,52968,1858],{"class":273},[53,52970,125],{"class":67},[53,52972,52973],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,52974,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,52976,52977,52979,52981,52983],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,52978,132],{"class":131},[53,52980,116],{"class":67},[53,52982,7175],{"class":112},[53,52984,125],{"class":67},[20,52986,772],{},[44,52988,52989],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,52990,52991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,52992,52993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,52994,931],{"class":938},[20,52996,11264],{},[193,52998,52999,53004,53010],{},[196,53000,53001,53003],{},[15,53002,52011],{}," changes the list in place",[196,53005,53006,1751,53008],{},[15,53007,52011],{},[15,53009,849],{},[196,53011,53012,53013,53016,53017],{},"So ",[15,53014,53015],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53018,849],{},[20,53020,10174],{},[44,53022,53024],{"className":46,"code":53023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53025,53026,53046,53060,53064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53027,53028,53030,53032,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53029,7144],{"class":59},[53,53031,64],{"class":63},[53,53033,2982],{"class":67},[53,53035,274],{"class":273},[53,53037,81],{"class":67},[53,53039,279],{"class":273},[53,53041,81],{"class":67},[53,53043,284],{"class":273},[53,53045,2995],{"class":67},[53,53047,53048,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53049,7175],{"class":59},[53,53051,37],{"class":67},[53,53053,12912],{"class":112},[53,53055,116],{"class":67},[53,53057,1858],{"class":273},[53,53059,125],{"class":67},[53,53061,53062],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53063,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53065,53066,53068,53070,53072],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,53067,132],{"class":131},[53,53069,116],{"class":67},[53,53071,7175],{"class":112},[53,53073,125],{"class":67},[20,53075,772],{},[44,53077,53078],{"className":46,"code":52864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53079,53080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53081,53082,53084,53086,53088,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53083,3260],{"class":67},[53,53085,274],{"class":273},[53,53087,81],{"class":67},[53,53089,279],{"class":273},[53,53091,81],{"class":67},[53,53093,284],{"class":273},[53,53095,81],{"class":67},[53,53097,1811],{"class":273},[53,53099,2995],{"class":67},[599,53101,53103],{"id":53102},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53105,18270],{},[44,53107,53109],{"className":46,"code":53108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53110,53111,53135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53112,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121,53123,53125,53127,53129,53131,53133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53114,31236],{"class":59},[53,53116,64],{"class":63},[53,53118,2982],{"class":67},[53,53120,274],{"class":273},[53,53122,81],{"class":67},[53,53124,279],{"class":273},[53,53126,12909],{"class":67},[53,53128,12912],{"class":112},[53,53130,116],{"class":67},[53,53132,1412],{"class":273},[53,53134,125],{"class":67},[53,53136,53137,53139,53141,53143],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53138,132],{"class":131},[53,53140,116],{"class":67},[53,53142,31255],{"class":112},[53,53144,125],{"class":67},[20,53146,772],{},[44,53148,53149],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53150,53151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53152,53153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53154,931],{"class":938},[20,53156,53157,53158,53160],{},"Remember: ",[15,53159,52011],{}," updates the list you already have.",[599,53162,53164],{"id":53163},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[44,53166,53167],{"className":46,"code":52612,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53168,53169,53185,53203,53207],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53170,53171,53173,53175,53177,53179,53181,53183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53172,266],{"class":59},[53,53174,64],{"class":63},[53,53176,2982],{"class":67},[53,53178,274],{"class":273},[53,53180,81],{"class":67},[53,53182,279],{"class":273},[53,53184,2995],{"class":67},[53,53186,53187,53189,53191,53193,53195,53197,53199,53201],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53188,291],{"class":59},[53,53190,37],{"class":67},[53,53192,12912],{"class":112},[53,53194,2341],{"class":67},[53,53196,1412],{"class":273},[53,53198,81],{"class":67},[53,53200,1811],{"class":273},[53,53202,3248],{"class":67},[53,53204,53205],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53206,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53208,53209,53211,53213,53215],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,53210,132],{"class":131},[53,53212,116],{"class":67},[53,53214,291],{"class":112},[53,53216,125],{"class":67},[20,53218,772],{},[44,53220,53221],{"className":46,"code":52667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53222,53223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53224,53225,53227,53229,53231,53233,53235,53237,53239,53241,53243],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53226,3260],{"class":67},[53,53228,274],{"class":273},[53,53230,81],{"class":67},[53,53232,279],{"class":273},[53,53234,81],{"class":67},[53,53236,2982],{"class":67},[53,53238,1412],{"class":273},[53,53240,81],{"class":67},[53,53242,1811],{"class":273},[53,53244,52601],{"class":67},[20,53246,2525,53247,53250,53251,5994],{},[15,53248,53249],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53252,52805],{},[599,53254,53256],{"id":53255},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53258,53259,53261],{},[15,53260,52011],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53263,53264,53265,37],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[464,53266,53268],{"href":53267},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53269,53270],{},"list.insert()",[20,53272,1559],{},[44,53274,53276],{"className":46,"code":53275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53277,53278,53302,53325,53329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53279,53280,53282,53284,53286,53288,53290,53292,53294,53296,53298,53300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53281,620],{"class":59},[53,53283,64],{"class":63},[53,53285,2982],{"class":67},[53,53287,72],{"class":71},[53,53289,464],{"class":75},[53,53291,72],{"class":71},[53,53293,81],{"class":67},[53,53295,84],{"class":71},[53,53297,646],{"class":75},[53,53299,72],{"class":71},[53,53301,2995],{"class":67},[53,53303,53304,53306,53308,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321,53323],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53305,655],{"class":59},[53,53307,37],{"class":67},[53,53309,53310],{"class":112},"insert",[53,53312,116],{"class":67},[53,53314,274],{"class":273},[53,53316,81],{"class":67},[53,53318,84],{"class":71},[53,53320,637],{"class":75},[53,53322,72],{"class":71},[53,53324,125],{"class":67},[53,53326,53327],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53328,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53330,53331,53333,53335,53337],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,53332,132],{"class":131},[53,53334,116],{"class":67},[53,53336,655],{"class":112},[53,53338,125],{"class":67},[20,53340,772],{},[44,53342,53343],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53344,53345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53346,53347,53349,53351,53353,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53348,3260],{"class":67},[53,53350,156],{"class":71},[53,53352,464],{"class":75},[53,53354,156],{"class":71},[53,53356,81],{"class":67},[53,53358,165],{"class":71},[53,53360,637],{"class":75},[53,53362,156],{"class":71},[53,53364,81],{"class":67},[53,53366,165],{"class":71},[53,53368,646],{"class":75},[53,53370,156],{"class":71},[53,53372,2995],{"class":67},[39,53374,53376],{"id":53375},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53378,53379,53381],{},[15,53380,52011],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53383,35778],{},[193,53385,53386,53389,53392,53395],{},[196,53387,53388],{},"building a list in a loop",[196,53390,53391],{},"collecting user input",[196,53393,53394],{},"storing results step by step",[196,53396,53397],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53399,53400],{},"Example with a loop:",[44,53402,53404],{"className":46,"code":53403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53405,53406,53415,53419,53440,53459,53463],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53407,53408,53411,53413],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53409,53410],{"class":59},"squares ",[53,53412,64],{"class":63},[53,53414,7204],{"class":67},[53,53416,53417],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53418,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53420,53421,53423,53425,53427,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53422,5319],{"class":1105},[53,53424,5749],{"class":59},[53,53426,1067],{"class":1105},[53,53428,53429],{"class":131}," range",[53,53431,116],{"class":67},[53,53433,274],{"class":273},[53,53435,81],{"class":67},[53,53437,3963],{"class":273},[53,53439,7709],{"class":67},[53,53441,53442,53445,53447,53449,53451,53453,53455,53457],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,53443,53444],{"class":59},"    squares",[53,53446,37],{"class":67},[53,53448,12912],{"class":112},[53,53450,116],{"class":67},[53,53452,1569],{"class":112},[53,53454,39226],{"class":63},[53,53456,1548],{"class":112},[53,53458,125],{"class":67},[53,53460,53461],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,53462,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53464,53465,53467,53469,53472],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,53466,132],{"class":131},[53,53468,116],{"class":67},[53,53470,53471],{"class":112},"squares",[53,53473,125],{"class":67},[20,53475,772],{},[44,53477,53479],{"className":46,"code":53478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53480,53481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53482,53483,53485,53487,53489,53491,53493,53496,53498,53500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53484,3260],{"class":67},[53,53486,274],{"class":273},[53,53488,81],{"class":67},[53,53490,1811],{"class":273},[53,53492,81],{"class":67},[53,53494,53495],{"class":273}," 9",[53,53497,81],{"class":67},[53,53499,13347],{"class":273},[53,53501,2995],{"class":67},[39,53503,1187],{"id":1186},[599,53505,53507],{"id":53506},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53509,45722,53510,53512,53513,37],{},[15,53511,52011],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53514,849],{},[599,53516,53518],{"id":53517},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53520,53521,53522,37],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[464,53523,53524],{"href":52703},[15,53525,52805],{},[599,53527,53529],{"id":53528},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53531,53532],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53534,1559],{},[44,53536,53538],{"className":46,"code":53537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53539,53540,53556,53574,53578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53541,53542,53544,53546,53548,53550,53552,53554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53543,8534],{"class":59},[53,53545,64],{"class":63},[53,53547,2982],{"class":67},[53,53549,274],{"class":273},[53,53551,81],{"class":67},[53,53553,279],{"class":273},[53,53555,2995],{"class":67},[53,53557,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566,53568,53570,53572],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53559,8573],{"class":59},[53,53561,37],{"class":67},[53,53563,12912],{"class":112},[53,53565,2341],{"class":67},[53,53567,1412],{"class":273},[53,53569,81],{"class":67},[53,53571,1811],{"class":273},[53,53573,3248],{"class":67},[53,53575,53576],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53577,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53579,53580,53582,53584,53586],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,53581,132],{"class":131},[53,53583,116],{"class":67},[53,53585,8573],{"class":112},[53,53587,125],{"class":67},[20,53589,772],{},[44,53591,53592],{"className":46,"code":52667,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53593,53594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53595,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53597,3260],{"class":67},[53,53599,274],{"class":273},[53,53601,81],{"class":67},[53,53603,279],{"class":273},[53,53605,81],{"class":67},[53,53607,2982],{"class":67},[53,53609,1412],{"class":273},[53,53611,81],{"class":67},[53,53613,1811],{"class":273},[53,53615,52601],{"class":67},[599,53617,53619],{"id":53618},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53621,53622,53624,53625,53628],{},[15,53623,52011],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53626,53627],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[39,53630,1244],{"id":1243},[193,53632,53633,53638,53642,53647,53651],{},[196,53634,53635],{},[464,53636,53637],{"href":52407},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[196,53639,53640],{},[464,53641,52919],{"href":52703},[196,53643,53644],{},[464,53645,53646],{"href":53267},"Python list insert() method",[196,53648,53649],{},[464,53650,52130],{"href":50338},[196,53652,53653],{},[464,53654,53656],{"href":53655},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1276,53658,53659],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":53661},[53662,53663,53664,53665,53666,53667,53673,53679,53680,53686],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":52090,"depth":104,"text":52091},{"id":4790,"depth":104,"text":4791},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":52411,"depth":104,"text":52412},{"id":52710,"depth":104,"text":52711,"children":53668},[53669,53671],{"id":52717,"depth":128,"text":53670},"Using append()",{"id":52802,"depth":128,"text":53672},"Using extend()",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":53674},[53675,53676,53677,53678],{"id":52924,"depth":128,"text":52925},{"id":53102,"depth":128,"text":53103},{"id":53163,"depth":128,"text":53164},{"id":53255,"depth":128,"text":53256},{"id":53375,"depth":104,"text":53376},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":53681},[53682,53683,53684,53685],{"id":53506,"depth":128,"text":53507},{"id":53517,"depth":128,"text":53518},{"id":53528,"depth":128,"text":53529},{"id":53618,"depth":128,"text":53619},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52001,"description":53687},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53694,"title":53695,"body":53696,"description":54938,"extension":1312,"meta":54939,"navigation":383,"path":54940,"seo":54941,"stem":54942,"__hash__":54943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53697,"toc":54903},[53698,53704,53710,53716,53718,53766,53771,53776,53780,53796,53802,53804,53807,53822,53824,53835,53837,53839,53896,53898,53906,53908,53924,53930,53932,53938,53942,54026,54029,54078,54085,54093,54096,54110,54123,54129,54204,54211,54218,54292,54300,54303,54314,54323,54327,54331,54342,54344,54421,54441,54443,54453,54456,54504,54506,54527,54530,54532,54583,54589,54596,54663,54669,54675,54678,54705,54710,54716,54719,54791,54794,54805,54811,54813,54819,54822,54828,54834,54841,54849,54855,54861,54863,54900],[10,53699,53701,53702,18],{"id":53700},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53703,10687],{},[20,53705,53706,53709],{},[15,53707,53708],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53711,53712,53713,53715],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[30,53714,10699],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[39,53717,2968],{"id":2967},[44,53719,53721],{"className":46,"code":53720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53722,53723,53743,53753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53724,53725,53727,53729,53731,53733,53735,53737,53739,53741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53726,7144],{"class":59},[53,53728,64],{"class":63},[53,53730,2982],{"class":67},[53,53732,274],{"class":273},[53,53734,81],{"class":67},[53,53736,279],{"class":273},[53,53738,81],{"class":67},[53,53740,284],{"class":273},[53,53742,2995],{"class":67},[53,53744,53745,53747,53749,53751],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53746,7175],{"class":59},[53,53748,37],{"class":67},[53,53750,10748],{"class":112},[53,53752,8011],{"class":67},[53,53754,53755,53757,53759,53761,53763],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53756,132],{"class":131},[53,53758,116],{"class":67},[53,53760,7175],{"class":112},[53,53762,3021],{"class":67},[53,53764,53765],{"class":3024},"  # []\n",[20,53767,174,53768,53770],{},[15,53769,10687],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[39,53772,183,53774,186],{"id":53773},"what-listclear-does",[15,53775,53708],{},[20,53777,53778,191],{},[15,53779,53708],{},[193,53781,53782,53785,53788,53793],{},[196,53783,53784],{},"Removes every item from a list",[196,53786,53787],{},"Changes the original list in place",[196,53789,53790,53791],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,53792,3147],{},[196,53794,53795],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,53797,53798,53799,53801],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,53800,10687],{},", but it contains no values.",[39,53803,217],{"id":216},[20,53805,53806],{},"Syntax:",[44,53808,53810],{"className":46,"code":53809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,53811,53812],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53813,53814,53816,53818,53820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53815,7706],{"class":59},[53,53817,37],{"class":67},[53,53819,10748],{"class":112},[53,53821,8011],{"class":67},[20,53823,10824],{},[193,53825,53826,53829,53832],{},[196,53827,53828],{},"Call it on a list object",[196,53830,53831],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[196,53833,53834],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[39,53836,337],{"id":336},[20,53838,10842],{},[44,53840,53842],{"className":46,"code":53841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53843,53844,53868,53872,53882,53886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53845,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856,53858,53860,53862,53864,53866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53847,266],{"class":59},[53,53849,64],{"class":63},[53,53851,2982],{"class":67},[53,53853,1684],{"class":273},[53,53855,81],{"class":67},[53,53857,7155],{"class":273},[53,53859,81],{"class":67},[53,53861,7160],{"class":273},[53,53863,81],{"class":67},[53,53865,50202],{"class":273},[53,53867,2995],{"class":67},[53,53869,53870],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53871,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53873,53874,53876,53878,53880],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53875,291],{"class":59},[53,53877,37],{"class":67},[53,53879,10748],{"class":112},[53,53881,8011],{"class":67},[53,53883,53884],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,53885,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53887,53888,53890,53892,53894],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,53889,132],{"class":131},[53,53891,116],{"class":67},[53,53893,291],{"class":112},[53,53895,125],{"class":67},[20,53897,772],{},[44,53899,53900],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,53901,53902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53903,53904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53905,37650],{"class":67},[20,53907,11048],{},[193,53909,53910,53915,53921],{},[196,53911,53912,53914],{},[15,53913,291],{}," starts with four items",[196,53916,53917,53920],{},[15,53918,53919],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[196,53922,53923],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,53925,53926,53927,37],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[464,53928,52130],{"href":53929},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[39,53931,16778],{"id":16777},[20,53933,53934,1751,53936,37],{},[15,53935,10687],{},[15,53937,849],{},[20,53939,40260,53940,52026],{},[30,53941,461],{},[44,53943,53945],{"className":46,"code":53944,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,53946,53947,53979,53983,53997,54001,54014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,53948,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961,53963,53965,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,53950,7144],{"class":59},[53,53952,64],{"class":63},[53,53954,2982],{"class":67},[53,53956,72],{"class":71},[53,53958,464],{"class":75},[53,53960,72],{"class":71},[53,53962,81],{"class":67},[53,53964,84],{"class":71},[53,53966,637],{"class":75},[53,53968,72],{"class":71},[53,53970,81],{"class":67},[53,53972,84],{"class":71},[53,53974,646],{"class":75},[53,53976,72],{"class":71},[53,53978,2995],{"class":67},[53,53980,53981],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,53982,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,53984,53985,53987,53989,53991,53993,53995],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,53986,1582],{"class":59},[53,53988,64],{"class":63},[53,53990,5327],{"class":59},[53,53992,37],{"class":67},[53,53994,10748],{"class":112},[53,53996,8011],{"class":67},[53,53998,53999],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54000,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54002,54003,54005,54007,54009,54011],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,54004,132],{"class":131},[53,54006,116],{"class":67},[53,54008,7175],{"class":112},[53,54010,3021],{"class":67},[53,54012,54013],{"class":3024},"   # []\n",[53,54015,54016,54018,54020,54022,54024],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,54017,132],{"class":131},[53,54019,116],{"class":67},[53,54021,1617],{"class":112},[53,54023,3021],{"class":67},[53,54025,20232],{"class":3024},[20,54027,54028],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[44,54030,54032],{"className":46,"code":54031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54033,54034,54054,54068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54035,54036,54038,54040,54042,54044,54046,54048,54050,54052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54037,7144],{"class":59},[53,54039,64],{"class":63},[53,54041,2982],{"class":67},[53,54043,274],{"class":273},[53,54045,81],{"class":67},[53,54047,279],{"class":273},[53,54049,81],{"class":67},[53,54051,284],{"class":273},[53,54053,2995],{"class":67},[53,54055,54056,54058,54060,54062,54064,54066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54057,7144],{"class":59},[53,54059,64],{"class":63},[53,54061,5327],{"class":59},[53,54063,37],{"class":67},[53,54065,10748],{"class":112},[53,54067,8011],{"class":67},[53,54069,54070,54072,54074,54076],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54071,132],{"class":131},[53,54073,116],{"class":67},[53,54075,7175],{"class":112},[53,54077,125],{"class":67},[20,54079,11280,54080,41510,54082,54084],{},[15,54081,7175],{},[15,54083,849],{},", not an empty list.",[39,54086,54088,54090,54091],{"id":54087},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54089,10687],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54092,3147],{},[20,54094,54095],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[44,54097,54098],{"className":46,"code":53809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,54099,54100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54101,54102,54104,54106,54108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54103,7706],{"class":59},[53,54105,37],{"class":67},[53,54107,10748],{"class":112},[53,54109,8011],{"class":67},[44,54111,54113],{"className":46,"code":54112,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n",[15,54114,54115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54116,54117,54119,54121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54118,7675],{"class":59},[53,54120,64],{"class":63},[53,54122,7204],{"class":67},[599,54124,54126,54128],{"id":54125},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54127,10687],{}," empties the same list object",[44,54130,54132],{"className":46,"code":54131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54133,54134,54154,54162,54166,54176,54180,54192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54135,54136,54138,54140,54142,54144,54146,54148,54150,54152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54137,1908],{"class":59},[53,54139,64],{"class":63},[53,54141,2982],{"class":67},[53,54143,274],{"class":273},[53,54145,81],{"class":67},[53,54147,279],{"class":273},[53,54149,81],{"class":67},[53,54151,284],{"class":273},[53,54153,2995],{"class":67},[53,54155,54156,54158,54160],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54157,1936],{"class":59},[53,54159,64],{"class":63},[53,54161,35529],{"class":59},[53,54163,54164],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54165,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54167,54168,54170,54172,54174],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54169,464],{"class":59},[53,54171,37],{"class":67},[53,54173,10748],{"class":112},[53,54175,8011],{"class":67},[53,54177,54178],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,54179,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54181,54182,54184,54186,54188,54190],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,54183,132],{"class":131},[53,54185,116],{"class":67},[53,54187,464],{"class":112},[53,54189,3021],{"class":67},[53,54191,53765],{"class":3024},[53,54193,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,54195,132],{"class":131},[53,54197,116],{"class":67},[53,54199,637],{"class":112},[53,54201,3021],{"class":67},[53,54203,53765],{"class":3024},[20,54205,9957,54206,594,54208,54210],{},[15,54207,464],{},[15,54209,637],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[599,54212,54214,54217],{"id":54213},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54215,54216],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[44,54219,54221],{"className":46,"code":54220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54222,54223,54243,54251,54255,54263,54267,54279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54224,54225,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237,54239,54241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54226,1908],{"class":59},[53,54228,64],{"class":63},[53,54230,2982],{"class":67},[53,54232,274],{"class":273},[53,54234,81],{"class":67},[53,54236,279],{"class":273},[53,54238,81],{"class":67},[53,54240,284],{"class":273},[53,54242,2995],{"class":67},[53,54244,54245,54247,54249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54246,1936],{"class":59},[53,54248,64],{"class":63},[53,54250,35529],{"class":59},[53,54252,54253],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54254,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54256,54257,54259,54261],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54258,1908],{"class":59},[53,54260,64],{"class":63},[53,54262,7204],{"class":67},[53,54264,54265],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,54266,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54268,54269,54271,54273,54275,54277],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,54270,132],{"class":131},[53,54272,116],{"class":67},[53,54274,464],{"class":112},[53,54276,3021],{"class":67},[53,54278,53765],{"class":3024},[53,54280,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,54282,132],{"class":131},[53,54284,116],{"class":67},[53,54286,637],{"class":112},[53,54288,3021],{"class":67},[53,54290,54291],{"class":3024},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54293,20127,54294,54296,54297,54299],{},[15,54295,464],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54298,637],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54301,54302],{},"This difference matters when:",[193,54304,54305,54308,54311],{},[196,54306,54307],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[196,54309,54310],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[196,54312,54313],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54315,54316,54317,37],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[464,54318,54320,54321,830],{"href":54319},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54322,12140],{},[39,54324,4319,54325],{"id":11802},[15,54326,10687],{},[20,54328,174,54329,5680],{},[15,54330,10687],{},[193,54332,54333,54336,54339],{},[196,54334,54335],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[196,54337,54338],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[196,54340,54341],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54343,1559],{},[44,54345,54347],{"className":46,"code":54346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54348,54349,54385,54389,54394,54405,54409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54350,54351,54354,54356,54358,54360,54363,54365,54367,54369,54372,54374,54376,54378,54381,54383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54352,54353],{"class":59},"shopping_cart ",[53,54355,64],{"class":63},[53,54357,2982],{"class":67},[53,54359,72],{"class":71},[53,54361,54362],{"class":75},"milk",[53,54364,72],{"class":71},[53,54366,81],{"class":67},[53,54368,84],{"class":71},[53,54370,54371],{"class":75},"bread",[53,54373,72],{"class":71},[53,54375,81],{"class":67},[53,54377,84],{"class":71},[53,54379,54380],{"class":75},"eggs",[53,54382,72],{"class":71},[53,54384,2995],{"class":67},[53,54386,54387],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54388,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54390,54391],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54392,54393],{"class":3024},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[53,54395,54396,54399,54401,54403],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54397,54398],{"class":59},"shopping_cart",[53,54400,37],{"class":67},[53,54402,10748],{"class":112},[53,54404,8011],{"class":67},[53,54406,54407],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,54408,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54410,54411,54413,54415,54417,54419],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,54412,132],{"class":131},[53,54414,116],{"class":67},[53,54416,54398],{"class":112},[53,54418,3021],{"class":67},[53,54420,53765],{"class":3024},[20,54422,54423,54424,54428,54429,54434,54435,37],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[464,54425,54427],{"href":54426},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[464,54430,54432,830],{"href":54431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54433,1157],{},". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[464,54436,54438,830],{"href":54437},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54439,54440],{},"list.pop()",[39,54442,834],{"id":833},[599,54444,54446,54447,10458,54450],{"id":54445},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54448,54449],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54451,54452],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54454,54455],{},"This does not call the method.",[44,54457,54459],{"className":46,"code":54458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54460,54461,54481,54485,54494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54462,54463,54465,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54464,7144],{"class":59},[53,54466,64],{"class":63},[53,54468,2982],{"class":67},[53,54470,274],{"class":273},[53,54472,81],{"class":67},[53,54474,279],{"class":273},[53,54476,81],{"class":67},[53,54478,284],{"class":273},[53,54480,2995],{"class":67},[53,54482,54483],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54484,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54486,54487,54489,54491],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54488,7175],{"class":59},[53,54490,37],{"class":67},[53,54492,54493],{"class":24104},"clear\n",[53,54495,54496,54498,54500,54502],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54497,132],{"class":131},[53,54499,116],{"class":67},[53,54501,7175],{"class":112},[53,54503,125],{"class":67},[20,54505,772],{},[44,54507,54509],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54510,54511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54512,54513,54515,54517,54519,54521,54523,54525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54514,3260],{"class":67},[53,54516,274],{"class":273},[53,54518,81],{"class":67},[53,54520,279],{"class":273},[53,54522,81],{"class":67},[53,54524,284],{"class":273},[53,54526,2995],{"class":67},[20,54528,54529],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54531,10174],{},[44,54533,54535],{"className":46,"code":54534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54536,54537,54557,54561,54571],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54538,54539,54541,54543,54545,54547,54549,54551,54553,54555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54540,7144],{"class":59},[53,54542,64],{"class":63},[53,54544,2982],{"class":67},[53,54546,274],{"class":273},[53,54548,81],{"class":67},[53,54550,279],{"class":273},[53,54552,81],{"class":67},[53,54554,284],{"class":273},[53,54556,2995],{"class":67},[53,54558,54559],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54560,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54562,54563,54565,54567,54569],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54564,7175],{"class":59},[53,54566,37],{"class":67},[53,54568,10748],{"class":112},[53,54570,8011],{"class":67},[53,54572,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54574,132],{"class":131},[53,54576,116],{"class":67},[53,54578,7175],{"class":112},[53,54580,3021],{"class":67},[53,54582,53765],{"class":3024},[599,54584,838,54586,54588],{"id":54585},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54587,10687],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54590,54591,1751,54593,54595],{},[15,54592,10687],{},[15,54594,849],{},", not the list.",[44,54597,54599],{"className":46,"code":54598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54600,54601,54621,54635,54639,54651],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54602,54603,54605,54607,54609,54611,54613,54615,54617,54619],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54604,7144],{"class":59},[53,54606,64],{"class":63},[53,54608,2982],{"class":67},[53,54610,274],{"class":273},[53,54612,81],{"class":67},[53,54614,279],{"class":273},[53,54616,81],{"class":67},[53,54618,284],{"class":273},[53,54620,2995],{"class":67},[53,54622,54623,54625,54627,54629,54631,54633],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54624,1582],{"class":59},[53,54626,64],{"class":63},[53,54628,5327],{"class":59},[53,54630,37],{"class":67},[53,54632,10748],{"class":112},[53,54634,8011],{"class":67},[53,54636,54637],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54638,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,54640,54641,54643,54645,54647,54649],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54642,132],{"class":131},[53,54644,116],{"class":67},[53,54646,1617],{"class":112},[53,54648,3021],{"class":67},[53,54650,20232],{"class":3024},[53,54652,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,54654,132],{"class":131},[53,54656,116],{"class":67},[53,54658,7175],{"class":112},[53,54660,3021],{"class":67},[53,54662,54013],{"class":3024},[599,54664,7785,54666,54668],{"id":54665},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54667,10687],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54670,54671,54672,54674],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54673,10687],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54676,54677],{},"This will fail:",[44,54679,54681],{"className":46,"code":54680,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54682,54683,54695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54684,54685,54687,54689,54691,54693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54686,34042],{"class":59},[53,54688,64],{"class":63},[53,54690,84],{"class":71},[53,54692,3206],{"class":75},[53,54694,2715],{"class":71},[53,54696,54697,54699,54701,54703],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54698,34063],{"class":59},[53,54700,37],{"class":67},[53,54702,10748],{"class":112},[53,54704,8011],{"class":67},[20,54706,54707,54708,32954],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54709,10687],{},[20,54711,54712,54713,54715],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54714,849],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54717,54718],{},"Useful checks:",[44,54720,54722],{"className":46,"code":54721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54723,54724,54734,54748,54762,54771,54781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54725,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54727,132],{"class":131},[53,54729,116],{"class":67},[53,54731,7706],{"class":112},[53,54733,125],{"class":67},[53,54735,54736,54738,54740,54742,54744,54746],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54737,132],{"class":131},[53,54739,116],{"class":67},[53,54741,2578],{"class":550},[53,54743,116],{"class":67},[53,54745,7706],{"class":112},[53,54747,1377],{"class":67},[53,54749,54750,54752,54754,54756,54758,54760],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,54751,132],{"class":131},[53,54753,116],{"class":67},[53,54755,12014],{"class":131},[53,54757,116],{"class":67},[53,54759,7706],{"class":112},[53,54761,1377],{"class":67},[53,54763,54764,54766,54768],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,54765,42905],{"class":59},[53,54767,64],{"class":63},[53,54769,54770],{"class":59}," my_list\n",[53,54772,54773,54775,54777,54779],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,54774,7706],{"class":59},[53,54776,37],{"class":67},[53,54778,10748],{"class":112},[53,54780,8011],{"class":67},[53,54782,54783,54785,54787,54789],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,54784,132],{"class":131},[53,54786,116],{"class":67},[53,54788,30096],{"class":112},[53,54790,125],{"class":67},[20,54792,54793],{},"These can help you see:",[193,54795,54796,54799,54802],{},[196,54797,54798],{},"What the variable currently contains",[196,54800,54801],{},"Whether it is really a list",[196,54803,54804],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,54806,54807,54808,37],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[464,54809,54810],{"href":53655},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[39,54812,1187],{"id":1186},[599,54814,1191,54816,54818],{"id":54815},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,54817,53708],{}," delete the list?",[20,54820,54821],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[599,54823,1191,54825,54827],{"id":54824},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,54826,53708],{}," return a new list?",[20,54829,54830,54831,54833],{},"No. It returns ",[15,54832,849],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[599,54835,4538,54837,594,54839,1222],{"id":54836},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,54838,10687],{},[15,54840,54216],{},[20,54842,54843,54845,54846,54848],{},[15,54844,10687],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,54847,54216],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[599,54850,27684,54852,54854],{"id":54851},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,54853,10687],{}," on other types?",[20,54856,54857,54858,54860],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,54859,10687],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[39,54862,1244],{"id":1243},[193,54864,54865,54869,54874,54881,54887,54893],{},[196,54866,54867],{},[464,54868,52130],{"href":53929},[196,54870,54871],{},[464,54872,54873],{"href":54426},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[196,54875,54876],{},[464,54877,54878,54879,830],{"href":54437},"Python list ",[15,54880,1260],{},[196,54882,54883],{},[464,54884,54878,54885,830],{"href":54431},[15,54886,17],{},[196,54888,54889],{},[464,54890,54878,54891,830],{"href":54319},[15,54892,12140],{},[196,54894,54895],{},[464,54896,29700,54897,32987],{"href":53655},[15,54898,54899],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1276,54901,54902],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":54904},[54905,54906,54908,54909,54910,54911,54918,54919,54927,54937],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":53773,"depth":104,"text":54907},"What list.clear() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":54087,"depth":104,"text":54912,"children":54913},"clear() vs assigning []",[54914,54916],{"id":54125,"depth":128,"text":54915},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54213,"depth":128,"text":54917},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":11802,"depth":104,"text":12172},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":54920},[54921,54923,54925],{"id":54445,"depth":128,"text":54922},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54585,"depth":128,"text":54924},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54665,"depth":128,"text":54926},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":54928},[54929,54931,54933,54935],{"id":54815,"depth":128,"text":54930},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":54824,"depth":128,"text":54932},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":54836,"depth":128,"text":54934},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":54851,"depth":128,"text":54936},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53695,"description":54938},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":54945,"title":54946,"body":54947,"description":56632,"extension":1312,"meta":56633,"navigation":383,"path":56634,"seo":56635,"stem":56636,"__hash__":56637},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":54948,"toc":56600},[54949,54954,54960,54968,54970,55059,55066,55071,55075,55089,55091,55168,55170,55231,55234,55236,55238,55259,55262,55276,55279,55324,55326,55334,55337,55343,55349,55352,55429,55431,55476,55479,55484,55567,55569,55610,55615,55619,55625,55627,55635,55638,55731,55733,55791,55794,55810,55815,55825,55830,55832,55837,55842,55845,55847,55904,55907,55960,55966,55971,55975,55992,55994,56078,56080,56121,56129,56131,56136,56142,56144,56207,56212,56282,56286,56321,56324,56326,56365,56369,56445,56451,56457,56462,56484,56487,56506,56514,56516,56522,56525,56532,56540,56545,56548,56552,56558,56566,56569,56571,56597],[10,54950,53701,54952,18],{"id":54951},"python-list-copy-method",[15,54953,12140],{},[20,54955,54956,54959],{},[15,54957,54958],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,54961,54962,54963,13413,54965,54967],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,54964,64],{},[30,54966,461],{}," make a real copy.",[39,54969,42],{"id":41},[44,54971,54973],{"className":46,"code":54972,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,54974,54975,54995,55010,55014,55029,55033,55046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,54976,54977,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989,54991,54993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,54978,266],{"class":59},[53,54980,64],{"class":63},[53,54982,2982],{"class":67},[53,54984,274],{"class":273},[53,54986,81],{"class":67},[53,54988,279],{"class":273},[53,54990,81],{"class":67},[53,54992,284],{"class":273},[53,54994,2995],{"class":67},[53,54996,54997,55000,55002,55004,55006,55008],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,54998,54999],{"class":59},"new_numbers ",[53,55001,64],{"class":63},[53,55003,3622],{"class":59},[53,55005,37],{"class":67},[53,55007,12275],{"class":112},[53,55009,8011],{"class":67},[53,55011,55012],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55013,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55015,55016,55019,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55017,55018],{"class":59},"new_numbers",[53,55020,37],{"class":67},[53,55022,12912],{"class":112},[53,55024,116],{"class":67},[53,55026,1858],{"class":273},[53,55028,125],{"class":67},[53,55030,55031],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,55032,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55034,55035,55037,55039,55041,55043],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,55036,132],{"class":131},[53,55038,116],{"class":67},[53,55040,291],{"class":112},[53,55042,3021],{"class":67},[53,55044,55045],{"class":3024},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[53,55047,55048,55050,55052,55054,55056],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,55049,132],{"class":131},[53,55051,116],{"class":67},[53,55053,55018],{"class":112},[53,55055,3021],{"class":67},[53,55057,55058],{"class":3024},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55060,174,55061,55063,55064,37],{},[15,55062,54958],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[30,55065,12214],{},[39,55067,183,55069,186],{"id":55068},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55070,54958],{},[20,55072,55073,191],{},[15,55074,54958],{},[193,55076,55077,55080,55083,55086],{},[196,55078,55079],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[196,55081,55082],{},"Returns that new list",[196,55084,55085],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[196,55087,55088],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55090,1559],{},[44,55092,55094],{"className":46,"code":55093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55095,55096,55128,55143,55147,55157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55097,55098,55100,55102,55104,55106,55108,55110,55112,55114,55116,55118,55120,55122,55124,55126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55099,347],{"class":59},[53,55101,64],{"class":63},[53,55103,2982],{"class":67},[53,55105,72],{"class":71},[53,55107,356],{"class":75},[53,55109,72],{"class":71},[53,55111,81],{"class":67},[53,55113,84],{"class":71},[53,55115,365],{"class":75},[53,55117,72],{"class":71},[53,55119,81],{"class":67},[53,55121,84],{"class":71},[53,55123,374],{"class":75},[53,55125,72],{"class":71},[53,55127,2995],{"class":67},[53,55129,55130,55133,55135,55137,55139,55141],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55131,55132],{"class":59},"copied_fruits ",[53,55134,64],{"class":63},[53,55136,52210],{"class":59},[53,55138,37],{"class":67},[53,55140,12275],{"class":112},[53,55142,8011],{"class":67},[53,55144,55145],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55146,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55148,55149,55151,55153,55155],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55150,132],{"class":131},[53,55152,116],{"class":67},[53,55154,389],{"class":112},[53,55156,125],{"class":67},[53,55158,55159,55161,55163,55166],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,55160,132],{"class":131},[53,55162,116],{"class":67},[53,55164,55165],{"class":112},"copied_fruits",[53,55167,125],{"class":67},[20,55169,772],{},[44,55171,55173],{"className":46,"code":55172,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55174,55175,55203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55176,55177,55179,55181,55183,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55178,3260],{"class":67},[53,55180,156],{"class":71},[53,55182,356],{"class":75},[53,55184,156],{"class":71},[53,55186,81],{"class":67},[53,55188,165],{"class":71},[53,55190,365],{"class":75},[53,55192,156],{"class":71},[53,55194,81],{"class":67},[53,55196,165],{"class":71},[53,55198,374],{"class":75},[53,55200,156],{"class":71},[53,55202,2995],{"class":67},[53,55204,55205,55207,55209,55211,55213,55215,55217,55219,55221,55223,55225,55227,55229],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55206,3260],{"class":67},[53,55208,156],{"class":71},[53,55210,356],{"class":75},[53,55212,156],{"class":71},[53,55214,81],{"class":67},[53,55216,165],{"class":71},[53,55218,365],{"class":75},[53,55220,156],{"class":71},[53,55222,81],{"class":67},[53,55224,165],{"class":71},[53,55226,374],{"class":75},[53,55228,156],{"class":71},[53,55230,2995],{"class":67},[20,55232,55233],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[39,55235,217],{"id":216},[20,55237,1510],{},[44,55239,55241],{"className":46,"code":55240,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55242,55243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55244,55245,55248,55250,55253,55255,55257],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55246,55247],{"class":59},"new_list ",[53,55249,64],{"class":63},[53,55251,55252],{"class":59}," old_list",[53,55254,37],{"class":67},[53,55256,12275],{"class":112},[53,55258,8011],{"class":67},[20,55260,55261],{},"How it works:",[193,55263,55264,55270,55273],{},[196,55265,55266,55267,55269],{},"Call ",[15,55268,12140],{}," on an existing list",[196,55271,55272],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[196,55274,55275],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55277,55278],{},"Example with an empty list:",[44,55280,55282],{"className":46,"code":55281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55283,55284,55293,55309,55313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55285,55286,55289,55291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55287,55288],{"class":59},"empty_list ",[53,55290,64],{"class":63},[53,55292,7204],{"class":67},[53,55294,55295,55298,55300,55303,55305,55307],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55296,55297],{"class":59},"new_empty_list ",[53,55299,64],{"class":63},[53,55301,55302],{"class":59}," empty_list",[53,55304,37],{"class":67},[53,55306,12275],{"class":112},[53,55308,8011],{"class":67},[53,55310,55311],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55312,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55314,55315,55317,55319,55322],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55316,132],{"class":131},[53,55318,116],{"class":67},[53,55320,55321],{"class":112},"new_empty_list",[53,55323,125],{"class":67},[20,55325,772],{},[44,55327,55328],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,55329,55330],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55331,55332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55333,37650],{"class":67},[20,55335,55336],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[39,55338,55340,55341],{"id":55339},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55342,64],{},[20,55344,7785,55345,13413,55347,52026],{},[15,55346,64],{},[30,55348,461],{},[20,55350,55351],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[44,55353,55355],{"className":46,"code":55354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55356,55357,55377,55386,55390,55405,55409,55419],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55358,55359,55361,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371,55373,55375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55360,266],{"class":59},[53,55362,64],{"class":63},[53,55364,2982],{"class":67},[53,55366,274],{"class":273},[53,55368,81],{"class":67},[53,55370,279],{"class":273},[53,55372,81],{"class":67},[53,55374,284],{"class":273},[53,55376,2995],{"class":67},[53,55378,55379,55382,55384],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55380,55381],{"class":59},"same_list ",[53,55383,64],{"class":63},[53,55385,43338],{"class":59},[53,55387,55388],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55389,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55391,55392,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55393,55394],{"class":59},"same_list",[53,55396,37],{"class":67},[53,55398,12912],{"class":112},[53,55400,116],{"class":67},[53,55402,1858],{"class":273},[53,55404,125],{"class":67},[53,55406,55407],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,55408,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55410,55411,55413,55415,55417],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,55412,132],{"class":131},[53,55414,116],{"class":67},[53,55416,291],{"class":112},[53,55418,125],{"class":67},[53,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,55422,132],{"class":131},[53,55424,116],{"class":67},[53,55426,55394],{"class":112},[53,55428,125],{"class":67},[20,55430,772],{},[44,55432,55434],{"className":46,"code":55433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55435,55436,55456],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55437,55438,55440,55442,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55439,3260],{"class":67},[53,55441,274],{"class":273},[53,55443,81],{"class":67},[53,55445,279],{"class":273},[53,55447,81],{"class":67},[53,55449,284],{"class":273},[53,55451,81],{"class":67},[53,55453,1811],{"class":273},[53,55455,2995],{"class":67},[53,55457,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55459,3260],{"class":67},[53,55461,274],{"class":273},[53,55463,81],{"class":67},[53,55465,279],{"class":273},[53,55467,81],{"class":67},[53,55469,284],{"class":273},[53,55471,81],{"class":67},[53,55473,1811],{"class":273},[53,55475,2995],{"class":67},[20,55477,55478],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55480,55481,55482,191],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55483,12140],{},[44,55485,55487],{"className":46,"code":55486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55488,55489,55509,55524,55528,55543,55547,55557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55490,55491,55493,55495,55497,55499,55501,55503,55505,55507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55492,266],{"class":59},[53,55494,64],{"class":63},[53,55496,2982],{"class":67},[53,55498,274],{"class":273},[53,55500,81],{"class":67},[53,55502,279],{"class":273},[53,55504,81],{"class":67},[53,55506,284],{"class":273},[53,55508,2995],{"class":67},[53,55510,55511,55514,55516,55518,55520,55522],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55512,55513],{"class":59},"copied_numbers ",[53,55515,64],{"class":63},[53,55517,3622],{"class":59},[53,55519,37],{"class":67},[53,55521,12275],{"class":112},[53,55523,8011],{"class":67},[53,55525,55526],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55527,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55529,55530,55533,55535,55537,55539,55541],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55531,55532],{"class":59},"copied_numbers",[53,55534,37],{"class":67},[53,55536,12912],{"class":112},[53,55538,116],{"class":67},[53,55540,1858],{"class":273},[53,55542,125],{"class":67},[53,55544,55545],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,55546,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55548,55549,55551,55553,55555],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,55550,132],{"class":131},[53,55552,116],{"class":67},[53,55554,291],{"class":112},[53,55556,125],{"class":67},[53,55558,55559,55561,55563,55565],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,55560,132],{"class":131},[53,55562,116],{"class":67},[53,55564,55532],{"class":112},[53,55566,125],{"class":67},[20,55568,772],{},[44,55570,55572],{"className":46,"code":55571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55573,55574,55590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55575,55576,55578,55580,55582,55584,55586,55588],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55577,3260],{"class":67},[53,55579,274],{"class":273},[53,55581,81],{"class":67},[53,55583,279],{"class":273},[53,55585,81],{"class":67},[53,55587,284],{"class":273},[53,55589,2995],{"class":67},[53,55591,55592,55594,55596,55598,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55593,3260],{"class":67},[53,55595,274],{"class":273},[53,55597,81],{"class":67},[53,55599,279],{"class":273},[53,55601,81],{"class":67},[53,55603,284],{"class":273},[53,55605,81],{"class":67},[53,55607,1811],{"class":273},[53,55609,2995],{"class":67},[20,55611,55612,55613,37],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[464,55614,52130],{"href":50338},[39,55616,55618],{"id":55617},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55620,55621,12211,55623,37],{},[15,55622,54958],{},[30,55624,12214],{},[20,55626,1457],{},[193,55628,55629,55632],{},[196,55630,55631],{},"The outer list is new",[196,55633,55634],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55636,55637],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[44,55639,55641],{"className":46,"code":55640,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55642,55643,55670,55684,55688,55707,55711,55721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55644,55645,55647,55649,55652,55654,55656,55658,55660,55662,55664,55666,55668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55646,11450],{"class":59},[53,55648,64],{"class":63},[53,55650,55651],{"class":67}," [[",[53,55653,274],{"class":273},[53,55655,81],{"class":67},[53,55657,279],{"class":273},[53,55659,17420],{"class":67},[53,55661,2982],{"class":67},[53,55663,1412],{"class":273},[53,55665,81],{"class":67},[53,55667,1811],{"class":273},[53,55669,52601],{"class":67},[53,55671,55672,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55673,13671],{"class":59},[53,55675,64],{"class":63},[53,55677,11525],{"class":59},[53,55679,37],{"class":67},[53,55681,12275],{"class":112},[53,55683,8011],{"class":67},[53,55685,55686],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55687,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55689,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698,55700,55702,55705],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55691,13690],{"class":59},[53,55693,3260],{"class":67},[53,55695,1470],{"class":273},[53,55697,12909],{"class":67},[53,55699,12912],{"class":112},[53,55701,116],{"class":67},[53,55703,55704],{"class":273},"99",[53,55706,125],{"class":67},[53,55708,55709],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,55710,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55712,55713,55715,55717,55719],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,55714,132],{"class":131},[53,55716,116],{"class":67},[53,55718,11497],{"class":112},[53,55720,125],{"class":67},[53,55722,55723,55725,55727,55729],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,55724,132],{"class":131},[53,55726,116],{"class":67},[53,55728,13690],{"class":112},[53,55730,125],{"class":67},[20,55732,772],{},[44,55734,55736],{"className":46,"code":55735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55737,55738,55765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55739,55740,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761,55763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55741,55742],{"class":67},"[[",[53,55744,274],{"class":273},[53,55746,81],{"class":67},[53,55748,279],{"class":273},[53,55750,81],{"class":67},[53,55752,9564],{"class":273},[53,55754,17420],{"class":67},[53,55756,2982],{"class":67},[53,55758,1412],{"class":273},[53,55760,81],{"class":67},[53,55762,1811],{"class":273},[53,55764,52601],{"class":67},[53,55766,55767,55769,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785,55787,55789],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55768,55742],{"class":67},[53,55770,274],{"class":273},[53,55772,81],{"class":67},[53,55774,279],{"class":273},[53,55776,81],{"class":67},[53,55778,9564],{"class":273},[53,55780,17420],{"class":67},[53,55782,2982],{"class":67},[53,55784,1412],{"class":273},[53,55786,81],{"class":67},[53,55788,1811],{"class":273},[53,55790,52601],{"class":67},[20,55792,55793],{},"Why did both change?",[193,55795,55796,55803],{},[196,55797,55798,594,55800,55802],{},[15,55799,11497],{},[15,55801,13690],{}," are different outer lists",[196,55804,55805,55806,55809],{},"But the inner list ",[15,55807,55808],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,55811,53012,55812,55814],{},[15,55813,12140],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[193,55816,55817,55820,55823],{},[196,55818,55819],{},"Numbers",[196,55821,55822],{},"Strings",[196,55824,39949],{},[20,55826,55827,55828,37],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[464,55829,13150],{"href":13149},[39,55831,16778],{"id":16777},[20,55833,55834,55836],{},[15,55835,54958],{}," returns a new list.",[20,55838,40260,55839,55841],{},[30,55840,461],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,55843,55844],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,55846,941],{},[44,55848,55850],{"className":46,"code":55849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,55851,55852,55876,55890,55894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55853,55854,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864,55866,55868,55870,55872,55874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55855,60],{"class":59},[53,55857,64],{"class":63},[53,55859,2982],{"class":67},[53,55861,72],{"class":71},[53,55863,76],{"class":75},[53,55865,72],{"class":71},[53,55867,81],{"class":67},[53,55869,84],{"class":71},[53,55871,87],{"class":75},[53,55873,72],{"class":71},[53,55875,2995],{"class":67},[53,55877,55878,55880,55882,55884,55886,55888],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55879,894],{"class":59},[53,55881,64],{"class":63},[53,55883,899],{"class":59},[53,55885,37],{"class":67},[53,55887,12275],{"class":112},[53,55889,8011],{"class":67},[53,55891,55892],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55893,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55895,55896,55898,55900,55902],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55897,132],{"class":131},[53,55899,116],{"class":67},[53,55901,922],{"class":112},[53,55903,125],{"class":67},[20,55905,55906],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[44,55908,55910],{"className":46,"code":55909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,55911,55912,55936,55946,55950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,55913,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926,55928,55930,55932,55934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,55915,60],{"class":59},[53,55917,64],{"class":63},[53,55919,2982],{"class":67},[53,55921,72],{"class":71},[53,55923,76],{"class":75},[53,55925,72],{"class":71},[53,55927,81],{"class":67},[53,55929,84],{"class":71},[53,55931,87],{"class":75},[53,55933,72],{"class":71},[53,55935,2995],{"class":67},[53,55937,55938,55940,55942,55944],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,55939,107],{"class":59},[53,55941,37],{"class":67},[53,55943,12275],{"class":112},[53,55945,8011],{"class":67},[53,55947,55948],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,55949,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,55951,55952,55954,55956,55958],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,55953,132],{"class":131},[53,55955,116],{"class":67},[53,55957,107],{"class":112},[53,55959,125],{"class":67},[20,55961,55962,55963,55965],{},"In the second example, ",[15,55964,12140],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[39,55967,4319,55969],{"id":55968},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,55970,54958],{},[20,55972,174,55973,9968],{},[15,55974,54958],{},[193,55976,55977,55980,55983,55986],{},[196,55978,55979],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[196,55981,55982],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[196,55984,55985],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[196,55987,55988,55989],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,55990,55991],{},"[:]",[20,55993,1559],{},[44,55995,55997],{"className":46,"code":55996,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,55998,55999,56019,56034,56038,56053,56057,56067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56000,56001,56003,56005,56007,56009,56011,56013,56015,56017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56002,4422],{"class":59},[53,56004,64],{"class":63},[53,56006,2982],{"class":67},[53,56008,1684],{"class":273},[53,56010,81],{"class":67},[53,56012,7155],{"class":273},[53,56014,81],{"class":67},[53,56016,7160],{"class":273},[53,56018,2995],{"class":67},[53,56020,56021,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56022,56023],{"class":59},"backup_scores ",[53,56025,64],{"class":63},[53,56027,4469],{"class":59},[53,56029,37],{"class":67},[53,56031,12275],{"class":112},[53,56033,8011],{"class":67},[53,56035,56036],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,56037,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56039,56040,56042,56044,56046,56048,56051],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,56041,15749],{"class":59},[53,56043,37],{"class":67},[53,56045,12912],{"class":112},[53,56047,116],{"class":67},[53,56049,56050],{"class":273},"40",[53,56052,125],{"class":67},[53,56054,56055],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,56056,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56058,56059,56061,56063,56065],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,56060,132],{"class":131},[53,56062,116],{"class":67},[53,56064,15749],{"class":112},[53,56066,125],{"class":67},[53,56068,56069,56071,56073,56076],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,56070,132],{"class":131},[53,56072,116],{"class":67},[53,56074,56075],{"class":112},"backup_scores",[53,56077,125],{"class":67},[20,56079,772],{},[44,56081,56083],{"className":46,"code":56082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56084,56085,56105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56086,56087,56089,56091,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56088,3260],{"class":67},[53,56090,1684],{"class":273},[53,56092,81],{"class":67},[53,56094,7155],{"class":273},[53,56096,81],{"class":67},[53,56098,7160],{"class":273},[53,56100,81],{"class":67},[53,56102,50202],{"class":273},[53,56104,2995],{"class":67},[53,56106,56107,56109,56111,56113,56115,56117,56119],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56108,3260],{"class":67},[53,56110,1684],{"class":273},[53,56112,81],{"class":67},[53,56114,7155],{"class":273},[53,56116,81],{"class":67},[53,56118,7160],{"class":273},[53,56120,2995],{"class":67},[20,56122,56123,56124,37],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[464,56125,54878,56127,830],{"href":56126},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56128,52011],{},[39,56130,834],{"id":833},[20,56132,56133,56134,37],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56135,54958],{},[599,56137,7785,56139,56141],{"id":56138},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56140,64],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56143,38552],{},[44,56145,56147],{"className":46,"code":56146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56148,56149,56169,56177,56191,56195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56150,56151,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56152,1908],{"class":59},[53,56154,64],{"class":63},[53,56156,2982],{"class":67},[53,56158,274],{"class":273},[53,56160,81],{"class":67},[53,56162,279],{"class":273},[53,56164,81],{"class":67},[53,56166,284],{"class":273},[53,56168,2995],{"class":67},[53,56170,56171,56173,56175],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56172,1936],{"class":59},[53,56174,64],{"class":63},[53,56176,35529],{"class":59},[53,56178,56179,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,56180,637],{"class":59},[53,56182,37],{"class":67},[53,56184,12912],{"class":112},[53,56186,116],{"class":67},[53,56188,1858],{"class":273},[53,56190,125],{"class":67},[53,56192,56193],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,56194,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56196,56197,56199,56201,56203,56205],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,56198,132],{"class":131},[53,56200,116],{"class":67},[53,56202,464],{"class":112},[53,56204,3021],{"class":67},[53,56206,55058],{"class":3024},[20,56208,56209,56210,5994],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56211,12140],{},[44,56213,56215],{"className":46,"code":56214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56216,56217,56237,56252,56266,56270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56218,56219,56221,56223,56225,56227,56229,56231,56233,56235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56220,1908],{"class":59},[53,56222,64],{"class":63},[53,56224,2982],{"class":67},[53,56226,274],{"class":273},[53,56228,81],{"class":67},[53,56230,279],{"class":273},[53,56232,81],{"class":67},[53,56234,284],{"class":273},[53,56236,2995],{"class":67},[53,56238,56239,56241,56243,56246,56248,56250],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56240,1936],{"class":59},[53,56242,64],{"class":63},[53,56244,56245],{"class":59}," a",[53,56247,37],{"class":67},[53,56249,12275],{"class":112},[53,56251,8011],{"class":67},[53,56253,56254,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,56255,637],{"class":59},[53,56257,37],{"class":67},[53,56259,12912],{"class":112},[53,56261,116],{"class":67},[53,56263,1858],{"class":273},[53,56265,125],{"class":67},[53,56267,56268],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,56269,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56271,56272,56274,56276,56278,56280],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,56273,132],{"class":131},[53,56275,116],{"class":67},[53,56277,464],{"class":112},[53,56279,3021],{"class":67},[53,56281,54291],{"class":3024},[599,56283,56285],{"id":56284},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[44,56287,56289],{"className":46,"code":56288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56290,56291,56311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56292,56293,56295,56297,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56294,266],{"class":59},[53,56296,64],{"class":63},[53,56298,2982],{"class":67},[53,56300,274],{"class":273},[53,56302,81],{"class":67},[53,56304,279],{"class":273},[53,56306,81],{"class":67},[53,56308,284],{"class":273},[53,56310,2995],{"class":67},[53,56312,56313,56315,56317,56319],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56314,291],{"class":59},[53,56316,37],{"class":67},[53,56318,12275],{"class":112},[53,56320,8011],{"class":67},[20,56322,56323],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56325,38615],{},[44,56327,56329],{"className":46,"code":56328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56330,56331,56351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56332,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347,56349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56334,266],{"class":59},[53,56336,64],{"class":63},[53,56338,2982],{"class":67},[53,56340,274],{"class":273},[53,56342,81],{"class":67},[53,56344,279],{"class":273},[53,56346,81],{"class":67},[53,56348,284],{"class":273},[53,56350,2995],{"class":67},[53,56352,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56354,55513],{"class":59},[53,56356,64],{"class":63},[53,56358,3622],{"class":59},[53,56360,37],{"class":67},[53,56362,12275],{"class":112},[53,56364,8011],{"class":67},[599,56366,56368],{"id":56367},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[44,56370,56372],{"className":46,"code":56371,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56373,56374,56392,56406,56410,56428,56432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56375,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56377,1908],{"class":59},[53,56379,64],{"class":63},[53,56381,55651],{"class":67},[53,56383,274],{"class":273},[53,56385,17420],{"class":67},[53,56387,2982],{"class":67},[53,56389,300],{"class":273},[53,56391,52601],{"class":67},[53,56393,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56395,1936],{"class":59},[53,56397,64],{"class":63},[53,56399,56245],{"class":59},[53,56401,37],{"class":67},[53,56403,12275],{"class":112},[53,56405,8011],{"class":67},[53,56407,56408],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,56409,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56411,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,56413,637],{"class":59},[53,56415,3260],{"class":67},[53,56417,1470],{"class":273},[53,56419,12909],{"class":67},[53,56421,12912],{"class":112},[53,56423,116],{"class":67},[53,56425,55704],{"class":273},[53,56427,125],{"class":67},[53,56429,56430],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,56431,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56433,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,56435,132],{"class":131},[53,56437,116],{"class":67},[53,56439,464],{"class":112},[53,56441,3021],{"class":67},[53,56443,56444],{"class":3024},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56446,56447,56448,56450],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56449,54958],{}," is shallow.",[599,56452,24971,56454,56456],{"id":56453},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56455,12140],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56458,56459,56461],{},[15,56460,12140],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[44,56463,56465],{"className":46,"code":56464,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56466,56467,56479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56468,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56470,7242],{"class":59},[53,56472,64],{"class":63},[53,56474,84],{"class":71},[53,56476,4362],{"class":75},[53,56478,2715],{"class":71},[53,56480,56481],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56482,56483],{"class":3024},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56485,56486],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[44,56488,56490],{"className":46,"code":56489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56491,56492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56493,56494,56496,56498,56500,56502,56504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56495,132],{"class":131},[53,56497,116],{"class":67},[53,56499,2578],{"class":550},[53,56501,116],{"class":67},[53,56503,7032],{"class":112},[53,56505,1377],{"class":67},[20,56507,56508,56509,56513],{},"You can also review ",[464,56510,56512],{"href":56511},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[39,56515,1187],{"id":1186},[599,56517,1191,56519,56521],{"id":56518},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56520,54958],{}," change the original list?",[20,56523,56524],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[599,56526,4538,56528,594,56530,1222],{"id":56527},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56529,54958],{},[15,56531,64],{},[20,56533,56534,56536,56537,56539],{},[15,56535,12140],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56538,64],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[599,56541,14263,56543,14266],{"id":56542},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56544,54958],{},[20,56546,56547],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[599,56549,56551],{"id":56550},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56553,41507,56554,56557],{},[15,56555,56556],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[599,56559,14263,56561,56563,56564,1222],{"id":56560},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56562,54958],{}," the same as ",[15,56565,55991],{},[20,56567,56568],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[39,56570,1244],{"id":1243},[193,56572,56573,56578,56582,56587,56593],{},[196,56574,56575],{},[464,56576,14325],{"href":56577},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[196,56579,56580],{},[464,56581,52130],{"href":50338},[196,56583,56584],{},[464,56585,56586],{"href":56511},"Creating a list in Python",[196,56588,56589],{},[464,56590,54878,56591,830],{"href":56126},[15,56592,52011],{},[196,56594,56595],{},[464,56596,13150],{"href":13149},[1276,56598,56599],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":56601},[56602,56603,56605,56606,56608,56609,56610,56612,56620,56631],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":55068,"depth":104,"text":56604},"What list.copy() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":55339,"depth":104,"text":56607},"Why not use =",{"id":55617,"depth":104,"text":55618},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":55968,"depth":104,"text":56611},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":56613},[56614,56616,56617,56618],{"id":56138,"depth":128,"text":56615},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56284,"depth":128,"text":56285},{"id":56367,"depth":128,"text":56368},{"id":56453,"depth":128,"text":56619},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":56621},[56622,56624,56626,56628,56629],{"id":56518,"depth":128,"text":56623},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56527,"depth":128,"text":56625},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56542,"depth":128,"text":56627},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56550,"depth":128,"text":56551},{"id":56560,"depth":128,"text":56630},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":54946,"description":56632},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56639,"title":56640,"body":56641,"description":58383,"extension":1312,"meta":58384,"navigation":383,"path":58385,"seo":58386,"stem":58387,"__hash__":58388},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56642,"toc":58342},[56643,56649,56655,56658,56669,56672,56674,56737,56743,56748,56752,56766,56769,56774,56779,56781,56783,56802,56814,56816,56883,56885,56893,56898,56900,56908,56911,56928,56930,57054,57065,57069,57074,57077,57079,57097,57101,57187,57196,57204,57273,57275,57278,57290,57295,57299,57370,57373,57377,57381,57446,57448,57456,57460,57543,57545,57553,57557,57618,57620,57628,57632,57719,57721,57729,57734,57739,57742,57753,57755,57840,57845,57854,57856,57860,57864,57869,57931,57935,57943,57949,57958,57963,58012,58015,58036,58040,58102,58109,58114,58117,58204,58207,58218,58221,58241,58243,58249,58252,58256,58260,58266,58269,58275,58282,58290,58301,58303,58339],[10,56644,53701,56646,18],{"id":56645},"python-list-count-method",[15,56647,56648],{},"count()",[20,56650,56651,56654],{},[15,56652,56653],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56656,56657],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[193,56659,56660,56663,56666],{},[196,56661,56662],{},"count one specific item",[196,56664,56665],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[196,56667,56668],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56670,56671],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[39,56673,2968],{"id":2967},[44,56675,56677],{"className":46,"code":56676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56678,56679,56707,56725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56680,56681,56683,56685,56687,56689,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56682,266],{"class":59},[53,56684,64],{"class":63},[53,56686,2982],{"class":67},[53,56688,274],{"class":273},[53,56690,81],{"class":67},[53,56692,279],{"class":273},[53,56694,81],{"class":67},[53,56696,279],{"class":273},[53,56698,81],{"class":67},[53,56700,284],{"class":273},[53,56702,81],{"class":67},[53,56704,279],{"class":273},[53,56706,2995],{"class":67},[53,56708,56709,56711,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721,56723],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56710,1582],{"class":59},[53,56712,64],{"class":63},[53,56714,3622],{"class":59},[53,56716,37],{"class":67},[53,56718,40614],{"class":112},[53,56720,116],{"class":67},[53,56722,300],{"class":273},[53,56724,125],{"class":67},[53,56726,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,56728,132],{"class":131},[53,56730,116],{"class":67},[53,56732,1617],{"class":112},[53,56734,3021],{"class":67},[53,56736,50129],{"class":3024},[20,56738,174,56739,56742],{},[15,56740,56741],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[39,56744,183,56746,186],{"id":56745},"what-listcount-does",[15,56747,56653],{},[20,56749,56750,191],{},[15,56751,56653],{},[193,56753,56754,56757,56760,56763],{},[196,56755,56756],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[196,56758,56759],{},"returns an integer",[196,56761,56762],{},"does not change the original list",[196,56764,56765],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,56767,56768],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,56770,56771,56772,37],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,56773,1412],{},[20,56775,56776,56777,37],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,56778,1470],{},[39,56780,217],{"id":216},[20,56782,1510],{},[44,56784,56786],{"className":46,"code":56785,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,56787,56788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56789,56790,56792,56794,56796,56798,56800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56791,7706],{"class":59},[53,56793,37],{"class":67},[53,56795,40614],{"class":112},[53,56797,116],{"class":67},[53,56799,236],{"class":112},[53,56801,125],{"class":67},[193,56803,56804,56809],{},[196,56805,56806,56808],{},[15,56807,7706],{}," is the list you want to search",[196,56810,56811,56813],{},[15,56812,236],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,56815,1559],{},[44,56817,56819],{"className":46,"code":56818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,56820,56821,56861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56822,56823,56825,56827,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841,56843,56845,56847,56849,56851,56853,56855,56857,56859],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56824,620],{"class":59},[53,56826,64],{"class":63},[53,56828,2982],{"class":67},[53,56830,72],{"class":71},[53,56832,464],{"class":75},[53,56834,72],{"class":71},[53,56836,81],{"class":67},[53,56838,84],{"class":71},[53,56840,637],{"class":75},[53,56842,72],{"class":71},[53,56844,81],{"class":67},[53,56846,84],{"class":71},[53,56848,464],{"class":75},[53,56850,72],{"class":71},[53,56852,81],{"class":67},[53,56854,84],{"class":71},[53,56856,646],{"class":75},[53,56858,72],{"class":71},[53,56860,2995],{"class":67},[53,56862,56863,56865,56867,56869,56871,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56864,132],{"class":131},[53,56866,116],{"class":67},[53,56868,655],{"class":112},[53,56870,37],{"class":67},[53,56872,40614],{"class":112},[53,56874,116],{"class":67},[53,56876,72],{"class":71},[53,56878,464],{"class":75},[53,56880,72],{"class":71},[53,56882,1377],{"class":67},[20,56884,772],{},[44,56886,56887],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,56888,56889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56890,56891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56892,16415],{"class":273},[20,56894,56895,56896,37],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,56897,1470],{},[39,56899,37373],{"id":37372},[20,56901,56902,56903,56905,56906,37],{},"The return value from ",[15,56904,56648],{}," is always an ",[15,56907,1539],{},[20,56909,56910],{},"Possible results:",[193,56912,56913,56918,56923],{},[196,56914,56915,56917],{},[15,56916,1470],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[196,56919,56920,56922],{},[15,56921,274],{}," if it appears once",[196,56924,56925,56927],{},[15,56926,300],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,56929,1559],{},[44,56931,56933],{"className":46,"code":56932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,56934,56935,56975,56979,57004,57029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,56936,56937,56939,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965,56967,56969,56971,56973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,56938,60],{"class":59},[53,56940,64],{"class":63},[53,56942,2982],{"class":67},[53,56944,72],{"class":71},[53,56946,76],{"class":75},[53,56948,72],{"class":71},[53,56950,81],{"class":67},[53,56952,84],{"class":71},[53,56954,87],{"class":75},[53,56956,72],{"class":71},[53,56958,81],{"class":67},[53,56960,84],{"class":71},[53,56962,96],{"class":75},[53,56964,72],{"class":71},[53,56966,81],{"class":67},[53,56968,84],{"class":71},[53,56970,87],{"class":75},[53,56972,72],{"class":71},[53,56974,2995],{"class":67},[53,56976,56977],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,56978,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,56980,56981,56983,56985,56987,56989,56991,56993,56995,56997,56999,57001],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,56982,132],{"class":131},[53,56984,116],{"class":67},[53,56986,107],{"class":112},[53,56988,37],{"class":67},[53,56990,40614],{"class":112},[53,56992,116],{"class":67},[53,56994,72],{"class":71},[53,56996,87],{"class":75},[53,56998,72],{"class":71},[53,57000,4721],{"class":67},[53,57002,57003],{"class":3024},"   # 2\n",[53,57005,57006,57008,57010,57012,57014,57016,57018,57020,57022,57024,57026],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,57007,132],{"class":131},[53,57009,116],{"class":67},[53,57011,107],{"class":112},[53,57013,37],{"class":67},[53,57015,40614],{"class":112},[53,57017,116],{"class":67},[53,57019,72],{"class":71},[53,57021,76],{"class":75},[53,57023,72],{"class":71},[53,57025,4721],{"class":67},[53,57027,57028],{"class":3024},"    # 1\n",[53,57030,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039,57041,57043,57045,57047,57049,57051],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,57032,132],{"class":131},[53,57034,116],{"class":67},[53,57036,107],{"class":112},[53,57038,37],{"class":67},[53,57040,40614],{"class":112},[53,57042,116],{"class":67},[53,57044,72],{"class":71},[53,57046,531],{"class":75},[53,57048,72],{"class":71},[53,57050,4721],{"class":67},[53,57052,57053],{"class":3024}," # 0\n",[20,57055,57056,57057,57059,57060,57062,57063,37],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57058,56648],{}," works, but using ",[15,57061,1067],{}," is often simpler. See ",[464,57064,5560],{"href":5559},[39,57066,57068],{"id":57067},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57070,57071,57073],{},[15,57072,56653],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57075,57076],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57078,43006],{},[193,57080,57081,57084,57087,57094],{},[196,57082,57083],{},"matches are based on equality",[196,57085,57086],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[196,57088,57089,594,57091,57093],{},[15,57090,274],{},[15,57092,2963],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[196,57095,57096],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[599,57098,57100],{"id":57099},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[44,57102,57104],{"className":46,"code":57103,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57105,57106,57139,57163],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57107,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57127,57129,57131,57133,57135,57137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57109,3431],{"class":59},[53,57111,64],{"class":63},[53,57113,2982],{"class":67},[53,57115,72],{"class":71},[53,57117,356],{"class":75},[53,57119,72],{"class":71},[53,57121,81],{"class":67},[53,57123,84],{"class":71},[53,57125,57126],{"class":75},"Apple",[53,57128,72],{"class":71},[53,57130,81],{"class":67},[53,57132,84],{"class":71},[53,57134,356],{"class":75},[53,57136,72],{"class":71},[53,57138,2995],{"class":67},[53,57140,57141,57143,57145,57147,57149,57151,57153,57155,57157,57159,57161],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57142,132],{"class":131},[53,57144,116],{"class":67},[53,57146,3473],{"class":112},[53,57148,37],{"class":67},[53,57150,40614],{"class":112},[53,57152,116],{"class":67},[53,57154,72],{"class":71},[53,57156,356],{"class":75},[53,57158,72],{"class":71},[53,57160,4721],{"class":67},[53,57162,50774],{"class":3024},[53,57164,57165,57167,57169,57171,57173,57175,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57166,132],{"class":131},[53,57168,116],{"class":67},[53,57170,3473],{"class":112},[53,57172,37],{"class":67},[53,57174,40614],{"class":112},[53,57176,116],{"class":67},[53,57178,72],{"class":71},[53,57180,57126],{"class":75},[53,57182,72],{"class":71},[53,57184,4721],{"class":67},[53,57186,27135],{"class":3024},[20,57188,57189,594,57192,57195],{},[15,57190,57191],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57193,57194],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[599,57197,57199,594,57201,57203],{"id":57198},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57200,274],{},[15,57202,2963],{}," can match",[44,57205,57207],{"className":46,"code":57206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57208,57209,57233,57253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57210,57211,57213,57215,57217,57219,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57212,3183],{"class":59},[53,57214,64],{"class":63},[53,57216,2982],{"class":67},[53,57218,274],{"class":273},[53,57220,81],{"class":67},[53,57222,3276],{"class":938},[53,57224,81],{"class":67},[53,57226,279],{"class":273},[53,57228,81],{"class":67},[53,57230,4858],{"class":273},[53,57232,2995],{"class":67},[53,57234,57235,57237,57239,57241,57243,57245,57247,57249,57251],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57236,132],{"class":131},[53,57238,116],{"class":67},[53,57240,4718],{"class":112},[53,57242,37],{"class":67},[53,57244,40614],{"class":112},[53,57246,116],{"class":67},[53,57248,274],{"class":273},[53,57250,4721],{"class":67},[53,57252,50277],{"class":3024},[53,57254,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265,57267,57269,57271],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57256,132],{"class":131},[53,57258,116],{"class":67},[53,57260,4718],{"class":112},[53,57262,37],{"class":67},[53,57264,40614],{"class":112},[53,57266,116],{"class":67},[53,57268,2963],{"class":938},[53,57270,4721],{"class":67},[53,57272,50129],{"class":3024},[20,57274,3769],{},[20,57276,57277],{},"In Python:",[193,57279,57280,57285],{},[196,57281,57282],{},[15,57283,57284],{},"True == 1",[196,57286,57287],{},[15,57288,57289],{},"False == 0",[20,57291,53012,57292,57294],{},[15,57293,56648],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[599,57296,57298],{"id":57297},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[44,57300,57302],{"className":46,"code":57301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57303,57304,57346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57305,57306,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328,57330,57332,57334,57336,57338,57340,57342,57344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57307,7144],{"class":59},[53,57309,64],{"class":63},[53,57311,55651],{"class":67},[53,57313,274],{"class":273},[53,57315,81],{"class":67},[53,57317,279],{"class":273},[53,57319,17420],{"class":67},[53,57321,2982],{"class":67},[53,57323,1412],{"class":273},[53,57325,81],{"class":67},[53,57327,1811],{"class":273},[53,57329,17420],{"class":67},[53,57331,2982],{"class":67},[53,57333,274],{"class":273},[53,57335,81],{"class":67},[53,57337,279],{"class":273},[53,57339,17420],{"class":67},[53,57341,2982],{"class":67},[53,57343,274],{"class":273},[53,57345,52601],{"class":67},[53,57347,57348,57350,57352,57354,57356,57358,57360,57362,57364,57366,57368],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57349,132],{"class":131},[53,57351,116],{"class":67},[53,57353,7175],{"class":112},[53,57355,37],{"class":67},[53,57357,40614],{"class":112},[53,57359,2341],{"class":67},[53,57361,274],{"class":273},[53,57363,81],{"class":67},[53,57365,279],{"class":273},[53,57367,4093],{"class":67},[53,57369,50774],{"class":3024},[20,57371,57372],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[39,57374,57376],{"id":57375},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[599,57378,57380],{"id":57379},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[44,57382,57384],{"className":46,"code":57383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57385,57386,57414,57432,57436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57387,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400,57402,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57389,266],{"class":59},[53,57391,64],{"class":63},[53,57393,2982],{"class":67},[53,57395,1684],{"class":273},[53,57397,81],{"class":67},[53,57399,7155],{"class":273},[53,57401,81],{"class":67},[53,57403,5366],{"class":273},[53,57405,81],{"class":67},[53,57407,7160],{"class":273},[53,57409,81],{"class":67},[53,57411,5366],{"class":273},[53,57413,2995],{"class":67},[53,57415,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57417,1582],{"class":59},[53,57419,64],{"class":63},[53,57421,3622],{"class":59},[53,57423,37],{"class":67},[53,57425,40614],{"class":112},[53,57427,116],{"class":67},[53,57429,1684],{"class":273},[53,57431,125],{"class":67},[53,57433,57434],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57435,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,57437,57438,57440,57442,57444],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,57439,132],{"class":131},[53,57441,116],{"class":67},[53,57443,1617],{"class":112},[53,57445,125],{"class":67},[20,57447,772],{},[44,57449,57450],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57451,57452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57453,57454],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57455,45974],{"class":273},[599,57457,57459],{"id":57458},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[44,57461,57463],{"className":46,"code":57462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57464,57465,57507,57529,57533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57466,57467,57469,57471,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57486,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57503,57505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57468,3431],{"class":59},[53,57470,64],{"class":63},[53,57472,2982],{"class":67},[53,57474,72],{"class":71},[53,57476,36400],{"class":75},[53,57478,72],{"class":71},[53,57480,81],{"class":67},[53,57482,84],{"class":71},[53,57484,57485],{"class":75},"dog",[53,57487,72],{"class":71},[53,57489,81],{"class":67},[53,57491,84],{"class":71},[53,57493,36400],{"class":75},[53,57495,72],{"class":71},[53,57497,81],{"class":67},[53,57499,84],{"class":71},[53,57501,57502],{"class":75},"bird",[53,57504,72],{"class":71},[53,57506,2995],{"class":67},[53,57508,57509,57511,57513,57515,57517,57519,57521,57523,57525,57527],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57510,1582],{"class":59},[53,57512,64],{"class":63},[53,57514,5530],{"class":59},[53,57516,37],{"class":67},[53,57518,40614],{"class":112},[53,57520,116],{"class":67},[53,57522,72],{"class":71},[53,57524,36400],{"class":75},[53,57526,72],{"class":71},[53,57528,125],{"class":67},[53,57530,57531],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57532,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,57534,57535,57537,57539,57541],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,57536,132],{"class":131},[53,57538,116],{"class":67},[53,57540,1617],{"class":112},[53,57542,125],{"class":67},[20,57544,772],{},[44,57546,57547],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57548,57549],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57550,57551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57552,16415],{"class":273},[599,57554,57556],{"id":57555},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[44,57558,57560],{"className":46,"code":57559,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57561,57562,57586,57604,57608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57563,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582,57584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57565,266],{"class":59},[53,57567,64],{"class":63},[53,57569,2982],{"class":67},[53,57571,274],{"class":273},[53,57573,81],{"class":67},[53,57575,279],{"class":273},[53,57577,81],{"class":67},[53,57579,284],{"class":273},[53,57581,81],{"class":67},[53,57583,1811],{"class":273},[53,57585,2995],{"class":67},[53,57587,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57589,1582],{"class":59},[53,57591,64],{"class":63},[53,57593,3622],{"class":59},[53,57595,37],{"class":67},[53,57597,40614],{"class":112},[53,57599,116],{"class":67},[53,57601,1487],{"class":273},[53,57603,125],{"class":67},[53,57605,57606],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57607,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,57609,57610,57612,57614,57616],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,57611,132],{"class":131},[53,57613,116],{"class":67},[53,57615,1617],{"class":112},[53,57617,125],{"class":67},[20,57619,772],{},[44,57621,57622],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57623,57624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57625,57626],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57627,46609],{"class":273},[599,57629,57631],{"id":57630},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[44,57633,57635],{"className":46,"code":57634,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57636,57637,57683,57705,57709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57638,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651,57653,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57640,8534],{"class":59},[53,57642,64],{"class":63},[53,57644,55651],{"class":67},[53,57646,274],{"class":273},[53,57648,81],{"class":67},[53,57650,279],{"class":273},[53,57652,17420],{"class":67},[53,57654,2982],{"class":67},[53,57656,274],{"class":273},[53,57658,81],{"class":67},[53,57660,279],{"class":273},[53,57662,17420],{"class":67},[53,57664,2982],{"class":67},[53,57666,300],{"class":273},[53,57668,81],{"class":67},[53,57670,284],{"class":273},[53,57672,17420],{"class":67},[53,57674,2982],{"class":67},[53,57676,274],{"class":273},[53,57678,81],{"class":67},[53,57680,279],{"class":273},[53,57682,52601],{"class":67},[53,57684,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57686,1582],{"class":59},[53,57688,64],{"class":63},[53,57690,13926],{"class":59},[53,57692,37],{"class":67},[53,57694,40614],{"class":112},[53,57696,2341],{"class":67},[53,57698,274],{"class":273},[53,57700,81],{"class":67},[53,57702,279],{"class":273},[53,57704,3248],{"class":67},[53,57706,57707],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57708,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,57710,57711,57713,57715,57717],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,57712,132],{"class":131},[53,57714,116],{"class":67},[53,57716,1617],{"class":112},[53,57718,125],{"class":67},[20,57720,772],{},[44,57722,57723],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,57724,57725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57726,57727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57728,45974],{"class":273},[39,57730,4319,57732],{"id":57731},"when-to-use-count",[15,57733,56648],{},[20,57735,174,57736,57738],{},[15,57737,56648],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57740,57741],{},"Good use cases:",[193,57743,57744,57747,57750],{},[196,57745,57746],{},"counting one specific item",[196,57748,57749],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[196,57751,57752],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57754,1559],{},[44,57756,57758],{"className":46,"code":57757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57759,57760,57801,57825,57829],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57761,57762,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773,57775,57777,57779,57781,57783,57785,57787,57789,57791,57793,57795,57797,57799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57763,57764],{"class":59},"votes ",[53,57766,64],{"class":63},[53,57768,2982],{"class":67},[53,57770,72],{"class":71},[53,57772,8026],{"class":75},[53,57774,72],{"class":71},[53,57776,81],{"class":67},[53,57778,84],{"class":71},[53,57780,7965],{"class":75},[53,57782,72],{"class":71},[53,57784,81],{"class":67},[53,57786,84],{"class":71},[53,57788,8026],{"class":75},[53,57790,72],{"class":71},[53,57792,81],{"class":67},[53,57794,84],{"class":71},[53,57796,8026],{"class":75},[53,57798,72],{"class":71},[53,57800,2995],{"class":67},[53,57802,57803,57806,57808,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57804,57805],{"class":59},"yes_votes ",[53,57807,64],{"class":63},[53,57809,57810],{"class":59}," votes",[53,57812,37],{"class":67},[53,57814,40614],{"class":112},[53,57816,116],{"class":67},[53,57818,72],{"class":71},[53,57820,8026],{"class":75},[53,57822,72],{"class":71},[53,57824,125],{"class":67},[53,57826,57827],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,57828,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,57830,57831,57833,57835,57838],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,57832,132],{"class":131},[53,57834,116],{"class":67},[53,57836,57837],{"class":112},"yes_votes",[53,57839,125],{"class":67},[20,57841,57842,57844],{},[15,57843,56648],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,57846,57847,57848,594,57850,37],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[464,57849,52130],{"href":50338},[464,57851,57853],{"href":57852},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[39,57855,2185],{"id":2184},[20,57857,7815,57858,37],{},[15,57859,56653],{},[599,57861,57863],{"id":57862},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,57865,57866,57868],{},[15,57867,56653],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[44,57870,57872],{"className":46,"code":57871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,57873,57874,57907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57875,57876,57878,57880,57882,57884,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57877,3431],{"class":59},[53,57879,64],{"class":63},[53,57881,2982],{"class":67},[53,57883,72],{"class":71},[53,57885,57886],{"class":75},"apple pie",[53,57888,72],{"class":71},[53,57890,81],{"class":67},[53,57892,84],{"class":71},[53,57894,365],{"class":75},[53,57896,72],{"class":71},[53,57898,81],{"class":67},[53,57900,84],{"class":71},[53,57902,57886],{"class":75},[53,57904,72],{"class":71},[53,57906,2995],{"class":67},[53,57908,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919,57921,57923,57925,57927,57929],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57910,132],{"class":131},[53,57912,116],{"class":67},[53,57914,3473],{"class":112},[53,57916,37],{"class":67},[53,57918,40614],{"class":112},[53,57920,116],{"class":67},[53,57922,72],{"class":71},[53,57924,356],{"class":75},[53,57926,72],{"class":71},[53,57928,4721],{"class":67},[53,57930,50606],{"class":3024},[20,57932,1842,57933,1222],{},[15,57934,1470],{},[20,57936,28417,57937,57939,57940,37],{},[15,57938,57191],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,57941,57942],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,57944,57945,57946,37],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,57947,57948],{},"str.count()",[599,57950,838,57952,7823,57954,1219,57956],{"id":57951},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,57953,56648],{},[15,57955,2963],{},[15,57957,3035],{},[20,57959,57960,57962],{},[15,57961,56648],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[44,57964,57966],{"className":46,"code":57965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,57967,57968,57992],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,57969,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978,57980,57982,57984,57986,57988,57990],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,57971,266],{"class":59},[53,57973,64],{"class":63},[53,57975,2982],{"class":67},[53,57977,274],{"class":273},[53,57979,81],{"class":67},[53,57981,279],{"class":273},[53,57983,81],{"class":67},[53,57985,279],{"class":273},[53,57987,81],{"class":67},[53,57989,284],{"class":273},[53,57991,2995],{"class":67},[53,57993,57994,57996,57998,58000,58002,58004,58006,58008,58010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,57995,132],{"class":131},[53,57997,116],{"class":67},[53,57999,291],{"class":112},[53,58001,37],{"class":67},[53,58003,40614],{"class":112},[53,58005,116],{"class":67},[53,58007,300],{"class":273},[53,58009,4721],{"class":67},[53,58011,50774],{"class":3024},[20,58013,58014],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[44,58016,58018],{"className":46,"code":58017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58019,58020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58021,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58023,132],{"class":131},[53,58025,116],{"class":67},[53,58027,300],{"class":273},[53,58029,1115],{"class":1105},[53,58031,3622],{"class":112},[53,58033,3021],{"class":67},[53,58035,3025],{"class":3024},[599,58037,58039],{"id":58038},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[44,58041,58043],{"className":46,"code":58042,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58044,58045,58078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58046,58047,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061,58063,58065,58067,58069,58071,58074,58076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58048,4353],{"class":59},[53,58050,64],{"class":63},[53,58052,2982],{"class":67},[53,58054,72],{"class":71},[53,58056,7041],{"class":75},[53,58058,72],{"class":71},[53,58060,81],{"class":67},[53,58062,84],{"class":71},[53,58064,19574],{"class":75},[53,58066,72],{"class":71},[53,58068,81],{"class":67},[53,58070,84],{"class":71},[53,58072,58073],{"class":75},"SAM",[53,58075,72],{"class":71},[53,58077,2995],{"class":67},[53,58079,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098,58100],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58081,132],{"class":131},[53,58083,116],{"class":67},[53,58085,4397],{"class":112},[53,58087,37],{"class":67},[53,58089,40614],{"class":112},[53,58091,116],{"class":67},[53,58093,72],{"class":71},[53,58095,19574],{"class":75},[53,58097,72],{"class":71},[53,58099,4721],{"class":67},[53,58101,27135],{"class":3024},[20,58103,58104,58105,58108],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58106,58107],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[599,58110,29006,58112,32902],{"id":58111},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58113,56648],{},[20,58115,58116],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[44,58118,58120],{"className":46,"code":58119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58121,58122,58132,58146,58164,58178,58190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58123,58124,58126,58128,58130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58125,132],{"class":131},[53,58127,116],{"class":67},[53,58129,7706],{"class":112},[53,58131,125],{"class":67},[53,58133,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58135,132],{"class":131},[53,58137,116],{"class":67},[53,58139,2578],{"class":550},[53,58141,116],{"class":67},[53,58143,7706],{"class":112},[53,58145,1377],{"class":67},[53,58147,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,58149,132],{"class":131},[53,58151,116],{"class":67},[53,58153,7706],{"class":112},[53,58155,37],{"class":67},[53,58157,40614],{"class":112},[53,58159,116],{"class":67},[53,58161,236],{"class":112},[53,58163,1377],{"class":67},[53,58165,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,58167,132],{"class":131},[53,58169,116],{"class":67},[53,58171,1801],{"class":112},[53,58173,1067],{"class":1105},[53,58175,7763],{"class":112},[53,58177,125],{"class":67},[53,58179,58180,58182,58184,58186,58188],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,58181,5319],{"class":1105},[53,58183,5322],{"class":59},[53,58185,1067],{"class":1105},[53,58187,7763],{"class":59},[53,58189,1120],{"class":67},[53,58191,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,58193,7435],{"class":131},[53,58195,116],{"class":67},[53,58197,41134],{"class":131},[53,58199,116],{"class":67},[53,58201,22664],{"class":112},[53,58203,1377],{"class":67},[20,58205,58206],{},"These checks can help you see:",[193,58208,58209,58212,58215],{},[196,58210,58211],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[196,58213,58214],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[196,58216,58217],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58219,58220],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[193,58222,58223,58228,58231,58238],{},[196,58224,49850,58225,58227],{},[15,58226,56648],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[196,58229,58230],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[196,58232,10473,58233,58235,58236],{},[15,58234,56653],{}," with string ",[15,58237,56648],{},[196,58239,58240],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[39,58242,1187],{"id":1186},[599,58244,1191,58246,58248],{"id":58245},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58247,56653],{}," change the list?",[20,58250,58251],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[599,58253,58255],{"id":58254},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58257,11275,58258,37],{},[15,58259,1470],{},[599,58261,1234,58263,58265],{"id":58262},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58264,56653],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58267,58268],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[599,58270,14263,58272,58274],{"id":58271},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58273,56653],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58276,41507,58277,594,58279,58281],{},[15,58278,57194],{},[15,58280,57191],{}," are different values.",[599,58283,4517,58285,58287,58288,1222],{"id":58284},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58286,2963],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58289,274],{},[20,58291,8153,58292,58294,58295,594,58297,58294,58299,37],{},[15,58293,2963],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58296,274],{},[15,58298,3035],{},[15,58300,1470],{},[39,58302,1244],{"id":1243},[193,58304,58305,58309,58315,58319,58327,58334],{},[196,58306,58307],{},[464,58308,52130],{"href":50338},[196,58310,58311],{},[464,58312,58314],{"href":58313},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[196,58316,58317],{},[464,58318,6299],{"href":5559},[196,58320,58321],{},[464,58322,54878,58324,830],{"href":58323},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58325,58326],{},"index()",[196,58328,58329],{},[464,58330,2934,58332],{"href":58331},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58333,41716],{},[196,58335,58336],{},[464,58337,58338],{"href":57852},"What is a list in Python",[1276,58340,58341],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":58343},[58344,58345,58347,58348,58349,58355,58361,58363,58371,58382],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":56745,"depth":104,"text":58346},"What list.count() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":37372,"depth":104,"text":37373},{"id":57067,"depth":104,"text":57068,"children":58350},[58351,58352,58354],{"id":57099,"depth":128,"text":57100},{"id":57198,"depth":128,"text":58353},"1 and True can match",{"id":57297,"depth":128,"text":57298},{"id":57375,"depth":104,"text":57376,"children":58356},[58357,58358,58359,58360],{"id":57379,"depth":128,"text":57380},{"id":57458,"depth":128,"text":57459},{"id":57555,"depth":128,"text":57556},{"id":57630,"depth":128,"text":57631},{"id":57731,"depth":104,"text":58362},"When to use count()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":58364},[58365,58366,58368,58369],{"id":57862,"depth":128,"text":57863},{"id":57951,"depth":128,"text":58367},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58038,"depth":128,"text":58039},{"id":58111,"depth":128,"text":58370},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":58372},[58373,58375,58376,58378,58380],{"id":58245,"depth":128,"text":58374},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58254,"depth":128,"text":58255},{"id":58262,"depth":128,"text":58377},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58271,"depth":128,"text":58379},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58284,"depth":128,"text":58381},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56640,"description":58383},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58390,"title":58391,"body":58392,"description":60355,"extension":1312,"meta":60356,"navigation":383,"path":60357,"seo":60358,"stem":60359,"__hash__":60360},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58393,"toc":60318},[58394,58397,58400,58402,58530,58534,58615,58626,58628,58647,58651,58654,58657,58675,58677,58720,58724,58749,58758,58762,58767,58770,58887,58891,58960,58964,58976,58980,58983,59024,59028,59041,59044,59129,59133,59166,59173,59179,59184,59186,59198,59202,59235,59239,59271,59275,59312,59316,59336,59340,59374,59378,59407,59418,59422,59425,59428,59441,59498,59502,59541,59547,59550,59552,59555,59559,59562,59587,59589,59614,59621,59624,59669,59673,59692,59695,59734,59741,59746,59780,59784,59885,59892,59925,59929,59955,59959,59962,60000,60003,60040,60044,60047,60066,60070,60131,60133,60151,60155,60158,60161,60190,60192,60196,60199,60207,60211,60214,60234,60240,60246,60250,60253,60260,60268,60270,60309,60315],[10,58395,58391],{"id":58396},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58398,58399],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[39,58401,2968],{"id":2967},[44,58403,58405],{"className":46,"code":58404,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58406,58407,58427,58459,58467,58485,58489,58499,58509,58520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58408,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58410,266],{"class":59},[53,58412,64],{"class":63},[53,58414,2982],{"class":67},[53,58416,274],{"class":273},[53,58418,81],{"class":67},[53,58420,279],{"class":273},[53,58422,81],{"class":67},[53,58424,284],{"class":273},[53,58426,2995],{"class":67},[53,58428,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451,58453,58455,58457],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58430,4353],{"class":59},[53,58432,64],{"class":63},[53,58434,2982],{"class":67},[53,58436,72],{"class":71},[53,58438,12244],{"class":75},[53,58440,72],{"class":71},[53,58442,81],{"class":67},[53,58444,84],{"class":71},[53,58446,35296],{"class":75},[53,58448,72],{"class":71},[53,58450,81],{"class":67},[53,58452,84],{"class":71},[53,58454,35305],{"class":75},[53,58456,72],{"class":71},[53,58458,2995],{"class":67},[53,58460,58461,58463,58465],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,58462,55288],{"class":59},[53,58464,64],{"class":63},[53,58466,7204],{"class":67},[53,58468,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477,58479,58481,58483],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,58470,620],{"class":59},[53,58472,64],{"class":63},[53,58474,21913],{"class":550},[53,58476,116],{"class":67},[53,58478,72],{"class":71},[53,58480,40915],{"class":75},[53,58482,72],{"class":71},[53,58484,125],{"class":67},[53,58486,58487],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,58488,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,58490,58491,58493,58495,58497],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,58492,132],{"class":131},[53,58494,116],{"class":67},[53,58496,291],{"class":112},[53,58498,125],{"class":67},[53,58500,58501,58503,58505,58507],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,58502,132],{"class":131},[53,58504,116],{"class":67},[53,58506,4397],{"class":112},[53,58508,125],{"class":67},[53,58510,58511,58513,58515,58518],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,58512,132],{"class":131},[53,58514,116],{"class":67},[53,58516,58517],{"class":112},"empty_list",[53,58519,125],{"class":67},[53,58521,58522,58524,58526,58528],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,58523,132],{"class":131},[53,58525,116],{"class":67},[53,58527,655],{"class":112},[53,58529,125],{"class":67},[20,58531,58532],{},[30,58533,772],{},[44,58535,58537],{"className":46,"code":58536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58538,58539,58555,58583,58587],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58540,58541,58543,58545,58547,58549,58551,58553],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58542,3260],{"class":67},[53,58544,274],{"class":273},[53,58546,81],{"class":67},[53,58548,279],{"class":273},[53,58550,81],{"class":67},[53,58552,284],{"class":273},[53,58554,2995],{"class":67},[53,58556,58557,58559,58561,58563,58565,58567,58569,58571,58573,58575,58577,58579,58581],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58558,3260],{"class":67},[53,58560,156],{"class":71},[53,58562,12244],{"class":75},[53,58564,156],{"class":71},[53,58566,81],{"class":67},[53,58568,165],{"class":71},[53,58570,35296],{"class":75},[53,58572,156],{"class":71},[53,58574,81],{"class":67},[53,58576,165],{"class":71},[53,58578,35305],{"class":75},[53,58580,156],{"class":71},[53,58582,2995],{"class":67},[53,58584,58585],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,58586,37650],{"class":67},[53,58588,58589,58591,58593,58595,58597,58599,58601,58603,58605,58607,58609,58611,58613],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,58590,3260],{"class":67},[53,58592,156],{"class":71},[53,58594,464],{"class":75},[53,58596,156],{"class":71},[53,58598,81],{"class":67},[53,58600,165],{"class":71},[53,58602,637],{"class":75},[53,58604,156],{"class":71},[53,58606,81],{"class":67},[53,58608,165],{"class":71},[53,58610,646],{"class":75},[53,58612,156],{"class":71},[53,58614,2995],{"class":67},[20,58616,58617,58618,58620,58621,58623,58624,37],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58619,3147],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58622,24135],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58625,35552],{},[39,58627,14523],{"id":14522},[193,58629,58630,58633,58636,58639,58644],{},[196,58631,58632],{},"What a list is in Python",[196,58634,58635],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[196,58637,58638],{},"How to create an empty list",[196,58640,58641,58642,1656],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58643,24135],{},[196,58645,58646],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[39,58648,58650],{"id":58649},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58652,58653],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58655,58656],{},"This means:",[193,58658,58659,58662,58665,58668],{},[196,58660,58661],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[196,58663,58664],{},"The order of items is kept",[196,58666,58667],{},"A list can hold different data types",[196,58669,58670,58671,58674],{},"A list is ",[30,58672,58673],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58676,1559],{},[44,58678,58680],{"className":46,"code":58679,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58681,58682,58706,58710],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58683,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58685,7144],{"class":59},[53,58687,64],{"class":63},[53,58689,2982],{"class":67},[53,58691,72],{"class":71},[53,58693,356],{"class":75},[53,58695,72],{"class":71},[53,58697,81],{"class":67},[53,58699,5366],{"class":273},[53,58701,81],{"class":67},[53,58703,3276],{"class":938},[53,58705,2995],{"class":67},[53,58707,58708],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58709,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,58711,58712,58714,58716,58718],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,58713,132],{"class":131},[53,58715,116],{"class":67},[53,58717,7175],{"class":112},[53,58719,125],{"class":67},[20,58721,58722],{},[30,58723,772],{},[44,58725,58727],{"className":46,"code":58726,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58728,58729],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58730,58731,58733,58735,58737,58739,58741,58743,58745,58747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58732,3260],{"class":67},[53,58734,156],{"class":71},[53,58736,356],{"class":75},[53,58738,156],{"class":71},[53,58740,81],{"class":67},[53,58742,5366],{"class":273},[53,58744,81],{"class":67},[53,58746,3276],{"class":938},[53,58748,2995],{"class":67},[20,58750,58751,58752,1219,58755,37],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[464,58753,58754],{"href":50338},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[464,58756,58757],{"href":57852},"What is a List in Python?",[39,58759,58761],{"id":58760},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58763,58617,58764,58766],{},[15,58765,3147],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,58768,58769],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[44,58771,58773],{"className":46,"code":58772,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,58774,58775,58795,58827,58852,58856,58866,58876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58776,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58778,266],{"class":59},[53,58780,64],{"class":63},[53,58782,2982],{"class":67},[53,58784,274],{"class":273},[53,58786,81],{"class":67},[53,58788,279],{"class":273},[53,58790,81],{"class":67},[53,58792,284],{"class":273},[53,58794,2995],{"class":67},[53,58796,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58798,4353],{"class":59},[53,58800,64],{"class":63},[53,58802,2982],{"class":67},[53,58804,72],{"class":71},[53,58806,12244],{"class":75},[53,58808,72],{"class":71},[53,58810,81],{"class":67},[53,58812,84],{"class":71},[53,58814,35296],{"class":75},[53,58816,72],{"class":71},[53,58818,81],{"class":67},[53,58820,84],{"class":71},[53,58822,35305],{"class":75},[53,58824,72],{"class":71},[53,58826,2995],{"class":67},[53,58828,58829,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,58830,58831],{"class":59},"mixed ",[53,58833,64],{"class":63},[53,58835,2982],{"class":67},[53,58837,1684],{"class":273},[53,58839,81],{"class":67},[53,58841,84],{"class":71},[53,58843,3206],{"class":75},[53,58845,72],{"class":71},[53,58847,81],{"class":67},[53,58849,3267],{"class":938},[53,58851,2995],{"class":67},[53,58853,58854],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,58855,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,58857,58858,58860,58862,58864],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,58859,132],{"class":131},[53,58861,116],{"class":67},[53,58863,291],{"class":112},[53,58865,125],{"class":67},[53,58867,58868,58870,58872,58874],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,58869,132],{"class":131},[53,58871,116],{"class":67},[53,58873,4397],{"class":112},[53,58875,125],{"class":67},[53,58877,58878,58880,58882,58885],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,58879,132],{"class":131},[53,58881,116],{"class":67},[53,58883,58884],{"class":112},"mixed",[53,58886,125],{"class":67},[20,58888,58889],{},[30,58890,772],{},[44,58892,58894],{"className":46,"code":58893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,58895,58896,58912,58940],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58897,58898,58900,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58899,3260],{"class":67},[53,58901,274],{"class":273},[53,58903,81],{"class":67},[53,58905,279],{"class":273},[53,58907,81],{"class":67},[53,58909,284],{"class":273},[53,58911,2995],{"class":67},[53,58913,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936,58938],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58915,3260],{"class":67},[53,58917,156],{"class":71},[53,58919,12244],{"class":75},[53,58921,156],{"class":71},[53,58923,81],{"class":67},[53,58925,165],{"class":71},[53,58927,35296],{"class":75},[53,58929,156],{"class":71},[53,58931,81],{"class":67},[53,58933,165],{"class":71},[53,58935,35305],{"class":75},[53,58937,156],{"class":71},[53,58939,2995],{"class":67},[53,58941,58942,58944,58946,58948,58950,58952,58954,58956,58958],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,58943,3260],{"class":67},[53,58945,1684],{"class":273},[53,58947,81],{"class":67},[53,58949,165],{"class":71},[53,58951,3206],{"class":75},[53,58953,156],{"class":71},[53,58955,81],{"class":67},[53,58957,3267],{"class":938},[53,58959,2995],{"class":67},[599,58961,58963],{"id":58962},"key-points","Key points",[193,58965,58966,58971,58973],{},[196,58967,174,58968,58970],{},[15,58969,3147],{}," to make a new list",[196,58972,14793],{},[196,58974,58975],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[39,58977,58979],{"id":58978},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,58981,58982],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[44,58984,58986],{"className":46,"code":58985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,58987,58988,58996,59000,59010],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,58989,58990,58992,58994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,58991,7675],{"class":59},[53,58993,64],{"class":63},[53,58995,7204],{"class":67},[53,58997,58998],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,58999,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,59001,59002,59004,59006,59008],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,59003,132],{"class":131},[53,59005,116],{"class":67},[53,59007,7706],{"class":112},[53,59009,125],{"class":67},[53,59011,59012,59014,59016,59018,59020,59022],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,59013,132],{"class":131},[53,59015,116],{"class":67},[53,59017,10528],{"class":131},[53,59019,116],{"class":67},[53,59021,7706],{"class":112},[53,59023,1377],{"class":67},[20,59025,59026],{},[30,59027,772],{},[44,59029,59031],{"className":46,"code":59030,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[]\n0\n",[15,59032,59033,59037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59034,59035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59036,37650],{"class":67},[53,59038,59039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59040,46609],{"class":273},[20,59042,59043],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[44,59045,59047],{"className":46,"code":59046,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59048,59049,59057,59061,59079,59097,59115,59119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59050,59051,59053,59055],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59052,4353],{"class":59},[53,59054,64],{"class":63},[53,59056,7204],{"class":67},[53,59058,59059],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59060,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,59062,59063,59065,59067,59069,59071,59073,59075,59077],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,59064,4397],{"class":59},[53,59066,37],{"class":67},[53,59068,12912],{"class":112},[53,59070,116],{"class":67},[53,59072,72],{"class":71},[53,59074,12244],{"class":75},[53,59076,72],{"class":71},[53,59078,125],{"class":67},[53,59080,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,59082,4397],{"class":59},[53,59084,37],{"class":67},[53,59086,12912],{"class":112},[53,59088,116],{"class":67},[53,59090,72],{"class":71},[53,59092,35296],{"class":75},[53,59094,72],{"class":71},[53,59096,125],{"class":67},[53,59098,59099,59101,59103,59105,59107,59109,59111,59113],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,59100,4397],{"class":59},[53,59102,37],{"class":67},[53,59104,12912],{"class":112},[53,59106,116],{"class":67},[53,59108,72],{"class":71},[53,59110,35305],{"class":75},[53,59112,72],{"class":71},[53,59114,125],{"class":67},[53,59116,59117],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,59118,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,59120,59121,59123,59125,59127],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,59122,132],{"class":131},[53,59124,116],{"class":67},[53,59126,4397],{"class":112},[53,59128,125],{"class":67},[20,59130,59131],{},[30,59132,772],{},[44,59134,59136],{"className":46,"code":59135,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59137,59138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59139,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59141,3260],{"class":67},[53,59143,156],{"class":71},[53,59145,12244],{"class":75},[53,59147,156],{"class":71},[53,59149,81],{"class":67},[53,59151,165],{"class":71},[53,59153,35296],{"class":75},[53,59155,156],{"class":71},[53,59157,81],{"class":67},[53,59159,165],{"class":71},[53,59161,35305],{"class":75},[53,59163,156],{"class":71},[53,59165,2995],{"class":67},[20,59167,59168,59169,37],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[464,59170,59171,830],{"href":56126},[15,59172,52011],{},[39,59174,59176,59177],{"id":59175},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59178,24135],{},[20,59180,174,59181,59183],{},[15,59182,24135],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59185,4817],{},[193,59187,59188,59190,59192,59194],{},[196,59189,4668],{},[196,59191,4662],{},[196,59193,4665],{},[196,59195,59196],{},[15,59197,35552],{},[599,59199,59201],{"id":59200},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[44,59203,59205],{"className":46,"code":59204,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59206,59207,59225],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59208,59209,59211,59213,59215,59217,59219,59221,59223],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59210,620],{"class":59},[53,59212,64],{"class":63},[53,59214,21913],{"class":550},[53,59216,116],{"class":67},[53,59218,72],{"class":71},[53,59220,40915],{"class":75},[53,59222,72],{"class":71},[53,59224,125],{"class":67},[53,59226,59227,59229,59231,59233],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59228,132],{"class":131},[53,59230,116],{"class":67},[53,59232,655],{"class":112},[53,59234,125],{"class":67},[20,59236,59237],{},[30,59238,772],{},[44,59240,59241],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,59242,59243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59244,59245,59247,59249,59251,59253,59255,59257,59259,59261,59263,59265,59267,59269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59246,3260],{"class":67},[53,59248,156],{"class":71},[53,59250,464],{"class":75},[53,59252,156],{"class":71},[53,59254,81],{"class":67},[53,59256,165],{"class":71},[53,59258,637],{"class":75},[53,59260,156],{"class":71},[53,59262,81],{"class":67},[53,59264,165],{"class":71},[53,59266,646],{"class":75},[53,59268,156],{"class":71},[53,59270,2995],{"class":67},[599,59272,59274],{"id":59273},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[44,59276,59278],{"className":46,"code":59277,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59279,59280,59302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59281,59282,59284,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296,59298,59300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59283,266],{"class":59},[53,59285,64],{"class":63},[53,59287,21913],{"class":550},[53,59289,4871],{"class":67},[53,59291,274],{"class":273},[53,59293,81],{"class":67},[53,59295,279],{"class":273},[53,59297,81],{"class":67},[53,59299,284],{"class":273},[53,59301,1377],{"class":67},[53,59303,59304,59306,59308,59310],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59305,132],{"class":131},[53,59307,116],{"class":67},[53,59309,291],{"class":112},[53,59311,125],{"class":67},[20,59313,59314],{},[30,59315,772],{},[44,59317,59318],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,59319,59320],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59321,59322,59324,59326,59328,59330,59332,59334],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59323,3260],{"class":67},[53,59325,274],{"class":273},[53,59327,81],{"class":67},[53,59329,279],{"class":273},[53,59331,81],{"class":67},[53,59333,284],{"class":273},[53,59335,2995],{"class":67},[599,59337,59339],{"id":59338},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[44,59341,59343],{"className":46,"code":59342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59344,59345,59364],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59346,59347,59349,59351,59353,59355,59358,59360,59362],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59348,3183],{"class":59},[53,59350,64],{"class":63},[53,59352,21913],{"class":550},[53,59354,116],{"class":67},[53,59356,59357],{"class":131},"range",[53,59359,116],{"class":67},[53,59361,1487],{"class":273},[53,59363,1377],{"class":67},[53,59365,59366,59368,59370,59372],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59367,132],{"class":131},[53,59369,116],{"class":67},[53,59371,4718],{"class":112},[53,59373,125],{"class":67},[20,59375,59376],{},[30,59377,772],{},[44,59379,59381],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59382,59383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59384,59385,59387,59389,59391,59393,59395,59397,59399,59401,59403,59405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59386,3260],{"class":67},[53,59388,1470],{"class":273},[53,59390,81],{"class":67},[53,59392,4858],{"class":273},[53,59394,81],{"class":67},[53,59396,279],{"class":273},[53,59398,81],{"class":67},[53,59400,284],{"class":273},[53,59402,81],{"class":67},[53,59404,1811],{"class":273},[53,59406,2995],{"class":67},[20,59408,59409,59411,59412,37],{},[15,59410,24135],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[464,59413,59415,59417],{"href":59414},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59416,24135],{},": Function Explained",[39,59419,59421],{"id":59420},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59423,59424],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59426,59427],{},"Examples include:",[193,59429,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438],{},[196,59431,4668],{},[196,59433,39778],{},[196,59435,51405],{},[196,59437,39948],{},[196,59439,59440],{},"other lists",[44,59442,59444],{"className":46,"code":59443,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59445,59446,59484,59488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59447,59448,59450,59452,59454,59456,59458,59460,59462,59464,59466,59468,59470,59472,59474,59476,59478,59480,59482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59449,8534],{"class":59},[53,59451,64],{"class":63},[53,59453,2982],{"class":67},[53,59455,72],{"class":71},[53,59457,12244],{"class":75},[53,59459,72],{"class":71},[53,59461,81],{"class":67},[53,59463,8674],{"class":273},[53,59465,81],{"class":67},[53,59467,3276],{"class":938},[53,59469,81],{"class":67},[53,59471,2982],{"class":67},[53,59473,274],{"class":273},[53,59475,81],{"class":67},[53,59477,279],{"class":273},[53,59479,81],{"class":67},[53,59481,284],{"class":273},[53,59483,52601],{"class":67},[53,59485,59486],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59487,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,59489,59490,59492,59494,59496],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,59491,132],{"class":131},[53,59493,116],{"class":67},[53,59495,8573],{"class":112},[53,59497,125],{"class":67},[20,59499,59500],{},[30,59501,772],{},[44,59503,59505],{"className":46,"code":59504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59506,59507],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59508,59509,59511,59513,59515,59517,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59510,3260],{"class":67},[53,59512,156],{"class":71},[53,59514,12244],{"class":75},[53,59516,156],{"class":71},[53,59518,81],{"class":67},[53,59520,8674],{"class":273},[53,59522,81],{"class":67},[53,59524,3276],{"class":938},[53,59526,81],{"class":67},[53,59528,2982],{"class":67},[53,59530,274],{"class":273},[53,59532,81],{"class":67},[53,59534,279],{"class":273},[53,59536,81],{"class":67},[53,59538,284],{"class":273},[53,59540,52601],{"class":67},[20,59542,59543,59544,37],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[30,59545,59546],{},"nested list",[20,59548,59549],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[39,59551,834],{"id":833},[20,59553,59554],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[599,59556,59558],{"id":59557},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59560,59561],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[44,59563,59565],{"className":46,"code":59564,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59566,59567,59571],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59568,59569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59570,3893],{"class":3024},[53,59572,59573,59575,59577,59579,59581,59583,59585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59574,266],{"class":59},[53,59576,64],{"class":63},[53,59578,2982],{"class":67},[53,59580,274],{"class":273},[53,59582,279],{"class":273},[53,59584,284],{"class":273},[53,59586,2995],{"class":67},[20,59588,10174],{},[44,59590,59592],{"className":46,"code":59591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59593,59594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59595,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608,59610,59612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59597,266],{"class":59},[53,59599,64],{"class":63},[53,59601,2982],{"class":67},[53,59603,274],{"class":273},[53,59605,81],{"class":67},[53,59607,279],{"class":273},[53,59609,81],{"class":67},[53,59611,284],{"class":273},[53,59613,2995],{"class":67},[599,59615,7785,59617,10458,59619],{"id":59616},"using-instead-of",[15,59618,6729],{},[15,59620,3147],{},[20,59622,59623],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[44,59625,59627],{"className":46,"code":59626,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59628,59629,59650,59654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59630,59631,59634,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59632,59633],{"class":59},"my_values ",[53,59635,64],{"class":63},[53,59637,8605],{"class":67},[53,59639,274],{"class":273},[53,59641,81],{"class":67},[53,59643,279],{"class":273},[53,59645,81],{"class":67},[53,59647,284],{"class":273},[53,59649,125],{"class":67},[53,59651,59652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59653,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,59655,59656,59658,59660,59662,59664,59667],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,59657,132],{"class":131},[53,59659,116],{"class":67},[53,59661,2578],{"class":550},[53,59663,116],{"class":67},[53,59665,59666],{"class":112},"my_values",[53,59668,1377],{"class":67},[20,59670,59671],{},[30,59672,772],{},[44,59674,59676],{"className":46,"code":59675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59677,59678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59679,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59681,2647],{"class":63},[53,59683,2650],{"class":1415},[53,59685,165],{"class":71},[53,59687,48311],{"class":75},[53,59689,156],{"class":71},[53,59691,2659],{"class":63},[20,59693,59694],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[44,59696,59698],{"className":46,"code":59697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59699,59700,59720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59701,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59703,59633],{"class":59},[53,59705,64],{"class":63},[53,59707,2982],{"class":67},[53,59709,274],{"class":273},[53,59711,81],{"class":67},[53,59713,279],{"class":273},[53,59715,81],{"class":67},[53,59717,284],{"class":273},[53,59719,2995],{"class":67},[53,59721,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59723,132],{"class":131},[53,59725,116],{"class":67},[53,59727,2578],{"class":550},[53,59729,116],{"class":67},[53,59731,59666],{"class":112},[53,59733,1377],{"class":67},[599,59735,838,59737,59740],{"id":59736},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59738,59739],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59742,59743,59745],{},[15,59744,24135],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[44,59747,59749],{"className":46,"code":59748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59750,59751,59770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59752,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59766,59768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59754,1582],{"class":59},[53,59756,64],{"class":63},[53,59758,21913],{"class":550},[53,59760,116],{"class":67},[53,59762,72],{"class":71},[53,59764,59765],{"class":75},"hello world",[53,59767,72],{"class":71},[53,59769,125],{"class":67},[53,59771,59772,59774,59776,59778],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59773,132],{"class":131},[53,59775,116],{"class":67},[53,59777,1617],{"class":112},[53,59779,125],{"class":67},[20,59781,59782],{},[30,59783,772],{},[44,59785,59787],{"className":46,"code":59786,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,59788,59789],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59790,59791,59793,59795,59798,59800,59802,59804,59807,59809,59811,59813,59816,59818,59820,59822,59824,59826,59828,59830,59833,59835,59837,59839,59841,59843,59845,59848,59850,59852,59854,59856,59858,59860,59862,59865,59867,59869,59871,59873,59875,59877,59879,59881,59883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59792,3260],{"class":67},[53,59794,156],{"class":71},[53,59796,59797],{"class":75},"h",[53,59799,156],{"class":71},[53,59801,81],{"class":67},[53,59803,165],{"class":71},[53,59805,59806],{"class":75},"e",[53,59808,156],{"class":71},[53,59810,81],{"class":67},[53,59812,165],{"class":71},[53,59814,59815],{"class":75},"l",[53,59817,156],{"class":71},[53,59819,81],{"class":67},[53,59821,165],{"class":71},[53,59823,59815],{"class":75},[53,59825,156],{"class":71},[53,59827,81],{"class":67},[53,59829,165],{"class":71},[53,59831,59832],{"class":75},"o",[53,59834,156],{"class":71},[53,59836,81],{"class":67},[53,59838,165],{"class":71},[53,59840,165],{"class":71},[53,59842,81],{"class":67},[53,59844,165],{"class":71},[53,59846,59847],{"class":75},"w",[53,59849,156],{"class":71},[53,59851,81],{"class":67},[53,59853,165],{"class":71},[53,59855,59832],{"class":75},[53,59857,156],{"class":71},[53,59859,81],{"class":67},[53,59861,165],{"class":71},[53,59863,59864],{"class":75},"r",[53,59866,156],{"class":71},[53,59868,81],{"class":67},[53,59870,165],{"class":71},[53,59872,59815],{"class":75},[53,59874,156],{"class":71},[53,59876,81],{"class":67},[53,59878,165],{"class":71},[53,59880,666],{"class":75},[53,59882,156],{"class":71},[53,59884,2995],{"class":67},[20,59886,59887,59888,59891],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,59889,59890],{},"split()"," instead:",[44,59893,59895],{"className":46,"code":59894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,59896,59897,59915],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59898,59899,59901,59903,59905,59907,59909,59911,59913],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59900,3431],{"class":59},[53,59902,64],{"class":63},[53,59904,84],{"class":71},[53,59906,59765],{"class":75},[53,59908,72],{"class":71},[53,59910,37],{"class":67},[53,59912,33823],{"class":112},[53,59914,8011],{"class":67},[53,59916,59917,59919,59921,59923],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59918,132],{"class":131},[53,59920,116],{"class":67},[53,59922,3473],{"class":112},[53,59924,125],{"class":67},[20,59926,59927],{},[30,59928,772],{},[44,59930,59932],{"className":46,"code":59931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,59933,59934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59935,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59951,59953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59937,3260],{"class":67},[53,59939,156],{"class":71},[53,59941,3206],{"class":75},[53,59943,156],{"class":71},[53,59945,81],{"class":67},[53,59947,165],{"class":71},[53,59949,59950],{"class":75},"world",[53,59952,156],{"class":71},[53,59954,2995],{"class":67},[599,59956,59958],{"id":59957},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,59960,59961],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[44,59963,59965],{"className":46,"code":59964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,59966,59967,59971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,59968,59969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,59970,3893],{"class":3024},[53,59972,59973,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59992,59994,59996,59998],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,59974,4353],{"class":59},[53,59976,64],{"class":63},[53,59978,2982],{"class":67},[53,59980,72],{"class":71},[53,59982,12244],{"class":75},[53,59984,72],{"class":71},[53,59986,81],{"class":67},[53,59988,84],{"class":71},[53,59990,59991],{"class":75},"Ben', ",[53,59993,72],{"class":71},[53,59995,35305],{"class":59},[53,59997,72],{"class":71},[53,59999,2995],{"class":75},[20,60001,60002],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[44,60004,60006],{"className":46,"code":60005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60007,60008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022,60024,60026,60028,60030,60032,60034,60036,60038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60011,4353],{"class":59},[53,60013,64],{"class":63},[53,60015,2982],{"class":67},[53,60017,72],{"class":71},[53,60019,12244],{"class":75},[53,60021,72],{"class":71},[53,60023,81],{"class":67},[53,60025,84],{"class":71},[53,60027,35296],{"class":75},[53,60029,72],{"class":71},[53,60031,81],{"class":67},[53,60033,84],{"class":71},[53,60035,35305],{"class":75},[53,60037,72],{"class":71},[53,60039,2995],{"class":67},[599,60041,60043],{"id":60042},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60045,60046],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[193,60048,60049,60052,60055,60060],{},[196,60050,60051],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[196,60053,60054],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[196,60056,60057,60058],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60059,24135],{},[196,60061,838,60062,60065],{},[15,60063,60064],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[599,60067,60069],{"id":60068},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[44,60071,60073],{"className":46,"code":60072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60074,60075,60085,60099,60113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60076,60077,60079,60081,60083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60078,132],{"class":131},[53,60080,116],{"class":67},[53,60082,7706],{"class":112},[53,60084,125],{"class":67},[53,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093,60095,60097],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60088,132],{"class":131},[53,60090,116],{"class":67},[53,60092,2578],{"class":550},[53,60094,116],{"class":67},[53,60096,7706],{"class":112},[53,60098,1377],{"class":67},[53,60100,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60102,132],{"class":131},[53,60104,116],{"class":67},[53,60106,10528],{"class":131},[53,60108,116],{"class":67},[53,60110,7706],{"class":112},[53,60112,1377],{"class":67},[53,60114,60115,60117,60119,60121,60123,60125,60127,60129],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60116,132],{"class":131},[53,60118,116],{"class":67},[53,60120,7460],{"class":550},[53,60122,116],{"class":67},[53,60124,59357],{"class":131},[53,60126,116],{"class":67},[53,60128,1487],{"class":273},[53,60130,2267],{"class":67},[20,60132,25363],{},[193,60134,60135,60138,60141,60144],{},[196,60136,60137],{},"what the list contains",[196,60139,60140],{},"whether the value is really a list",[196,60142,60143],{},"how many items it has",[196,60145,25374,60146,60148,60149],{},[15,60147,24135],{}," does with ",[15,60150,35552],{},[39,60152,60154],{"id":60153},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60156,60157],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60159,60160],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[193,60162,60163,60178,60183],{},[196,60164,174,60165,1540,60169,16431,60173,60177],{},[464,60166,60167],{"href":56126},[15,60168,52011],{},[464,60170,60171],{"href":52703},[15,60172,52805],{},[464,60174,60175],{"href":53267},[15,60176,53627],{}," to add items later",[196,60179,174,60180,60182],{},[464,60181,58754],{"href":50338}," for a broader introduction",[196,60184,174,60185,60189],{},[464,60186,60187,59417],{"href":59414},[15,60188,24135],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[39,60191,1187],{"id":1186},[599,60193,60195],{"id":60194},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60197,60198],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[44,60200,60201],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,60202,60203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60204,60205],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60206,37650],{"class":67},[599,60208,60210],{"id":60209},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60212,60213],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[44,60215,60216],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,60217,60218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60219,60220,60222,60224,60226,60228,60230,60232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60221,3260],{"class":67},[53,60223,274],{"class":273},[53,60225,81],{"class":67},[53,60227,279],{"class":273},[53,60229,81],{"class":67},[53,60231,284],{"class":273},[53,60233,2995],{"class":67},[599,60235,4501,60237,60239],{"id":60236},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60238,24135],{}," do in Python?",[20,60241,60242,60243,60245],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60244,35552],{},", into a list.",[599,60247,60249],{"id":60248},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60251,60252],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[599,60254,4538,60256,594,60258,1222],{"id":60255},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60257,3147],{},[15,60259,6729],{},[20,60261,60262,60264,60265,60267],{},[15,60263,3147],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60266,6729],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[39,60269,1244],{"id":1243},[193,60271,60272,60276,60282,60288,60294,60300,60304],{},[196,60273,60274],{},[464,60275,58754],{"href":50338},[196,60277,60278],{},[464,60279,54878,60280,18],{"href":56126},[15,60281,52011],{},[196,60283,60284],{},[464,60285,54878,60286,18],{"href":52703},[15,60287,52805],{},[196,60289,60290],{},[464,60291,54878,60292,18],{"href":53267},[15,60293,53627],{},[196,60295,60296],{},[464,60297,2934,60298,2938],{"href":59414},[15,60299,24135],{},[196,60301,60302],{},[464,60303,58757],{"href":57852},[196,60305,60306],{},[464,60307,60308],{"href":11429},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60310,60311,60312,60314],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60313,52011],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1276,60316,60317],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":60319},[60320,60321,60322,60323,60326,60327,60333,60334,60344,60345,60354],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":58649,"depth":104,"text":58650},{"id":58760,"depth":104,"text":58761,"children":60324},[60325],{"id":58962,"depth":128,"text":58963},{"id":58978,"depth":104,"text":58979},{"id":59175,"depth":104,"text":60328,"children":60329},"Create a list with list()",[60330,60331,60332],{"id":59200,"depth":128,"text":59201},{"id":59273,"depth":128,"text":59274},{"id":59338,"depth":128,"text":59339},{"id":59420,"depth":104,"text":59421},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":60335},[60336,60337,60339,60341,60342,60343],{"id":59557,"depth":128,"text":59558},{"id":59616,"depth":128,"text":60338},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59736,"depth":128,"text":60340},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":59957,"depth":128,"text":59958},{"id":60042,"depth":128,"text":60043},{"id":60068,"depth":128,"text":60069},{"id":60153,"depth":104,"text":60154},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":60346},[60347,60348,60349,60351,60352],{"id":60194,"depth":128,"text":60195},{"id":60209,"depth":128,"text":60210},{"id":60236,"depth":128,"text":60350},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60248,"depth":128,"text":60249},{"id":60255,"depth":128,"text":60353},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58391,"description":60355},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60362,"title":60363,"body":60364,"description":62105,"extension":1312,"meta":62106,"navigation":383,"path":62107,"seo":62108,"stem":62109,"__hash__":62110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60365,"toc":62060},[60366,60371,60376,60379,60381,60452,60457,60462,60466,60480,60485,60487,60507,60512,60515,60538,60542,60547,60639,60641,60663,60669,60675,60682,60689,60695,60752,60758,60816,60818,60830,60838,60844,60849,60853,60910,60913,60917,60976,60979,60983,61041,61053,61057,61110,61113,61117,61123,61129,61191,61194,61255,61258,61314,61319,61321,61325,61332,61393,61398,61407,61463,61470,61474,61532,61541,61599,61603,61638,61642,61652,61655,61710,61724,61727,61842,61847,61851,61862,61864,61943,61953,61955,61960,61965,61972,61980,61986,61989,61995,61998,62004,62010,62012,62048,62057],[10,60367,53701,60369,18],{"id":60368},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60370,52805],{},[20,60372,60373,60375],{},[15,60374,52706],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60377,60378],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[39,60380,42],{"id":41},[44,60382,60384],{"className":46,"code":60383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60385,60386,60402,60419,60423,60438,60448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60387,60388,60390,60392,60394,60396,60398,60400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60389,266],{"class":59},[53,60391,64],{"class":63},[53,60393,2982],{"class":67},[53,60395,274],{"class":273},[53,60397,81],{"class":67},[53,60399,279],{"class":273},[53,60401,2995],{"class":67},[53,60403,60404,60407,60409,60411,60413,60415,60417],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60405,60406],{"class":59},"more_numbers ",[53,60408,64],{"class":63},[53,60410,2982],{"class":67},[53,60412,1412],{"class":273},[53,60414,81],{"class":67},[53,60416,1811],{"class":273},[53,60418,2995],{"class":67},[53,60420,60421],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60422,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60424,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60436],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60426,291],{"class":59},[53,60428,37],{"class":67},[53,60430,52835],{"class":112},[53,60432,116],{"class":67},[53,60434,60435],{"class":112},"more_numbers",[53,60437,125],{"class":67},[53,60439,60440,60442,60444,60446],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,60441,132],{"class":131},[53,60443,116],{"class":67},[53,60445,291],{"class":112},[53,60447,125],{"class":67},[53,60449,60450],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,60451,52082],{"class":3024},[20,60453,174,60454,60456],{},[15,60455,52805],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[39,60458,183,60460,186],{"id":60459},"what-listextend-does",[15,60461,52706],{},[20,60463,60464,191],{},[15,60465,52805],{},[193,60467,60468,60471,60473,60476],{},[196,60469,60470],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[196,60472,53787],{},[196,60474,60475],{},"Does not create a new list",[196,60477,10789,60478],{},[15,60479,849],{},[20,60481,60482,60483,53160],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60484,52805],{},[39,60486,217],{"id":216},[44,60488,60490],{"className":46,"code":60489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60491,60492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60493,60494,60497,60499,60501,60503,60505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60495,60496],{"class":59},"list_name",[53,60498,37],{"class":67},[53,60500,52835],{"class":112},[53,60502,116],{"class":67},[53,60504,3081],{"class":112},[53,60506,125],{"class":67},[20,60508,4812,60509,60511],{},[30,60510,3081],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60513,60514],{},"Common iterables include:",[193,60516,60517,60521,60525,60529,60534],{},[196,60518,60519],{},[15,60520,7460],{},[196,60522,60523],{},[15,60524,48311],{},[196,60526,60527],{},[15,60528,5649],{},[196,60530,60531],{},[15,60532,60533],{},"string",[196,60535,60536],{},[15,60537,59357],{},[39,60539,60541],{"id":60540},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60543,60544,60545,191],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60546,52805],{},[44,60548,60550],{"className":46,"code":60549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60551,60552,60576,60601,60605,60620,60624,60634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60553,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60566,60568,60570,60572,60574],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60555,347],{"class":59},[53,60557,64],{"class":63},[53,60559,2982],{"class":67},[53,60561,72],{"class":71},[53,60563,356],{"class":75},[53,60565,72],{"class":71},[53,60567,81],{"class":67},[53,60569,84],{"class":71},[53,60571,365],{"class":75},[53,60573,72],{"class":71},[53,60575,2995],{"class":67},[53,60577,60578,60581,60583,60585,60587,60589,60591,60593,60595,60597,60599],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60579,60580],{"class":59},"more_fruits ",[53,60582,64],{"class":63},[53,60584,2982],{"class":67},[53,60586,72],{"class":71},[53,60588,374],{"class":75},[53,60590,72],{"class":71},[53,60592,81],{"class":67},[53,60594,84],{"class":71},[53,60596,21886],{"class":75},[53,60598,72],{"class":71},[53,60600,2995],{"class":67},[53,60602,60603],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60604,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60606,60607,60609,60611,60613,60615,60618],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60608,389],{"class":59},[53,60610,37],{"class":67},[53,60612,52835],{"class":112},[53,60614,116],{"class":67},[53,60616,60617],{"class":112},"more_fruits",[53,60619,125],{"class":67},[53,60621,60622],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,60623,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60625,60626,60628,60630,60632],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,60627,132],{"class":131},[53,60629,116],{"class":67},[53,60631,389],{"class":112},[53,60633,125],{"class":67},[53,60635,60636],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,60637,60638],{"class":3024},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60640,11048],{},[193,60642,60643,60648,60653],{},[196,60644,60645,60647],{},[15,60646,389],{}," starts with two items",[196,60649,60650,60652],{},[15,60651,60617],{}," has two more items",[196,60654,60655,60657,60658,60660,60661],{},[15,60656,52805],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60659,60617],{}," to ",[15,60662,389],{},[20,60664,60665,60666,60668],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60667,389],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60670,53926,60671,594,60673,37],{},[464,60672,52130],{"href":50338},[464,60674,56512],{"href":56511},[39,60676,60678,9952,60680],{"id":60677},"extend-vs-append",[15,60679,52805],{},[15,60681,52011],{},[20,60683,60684,594,60686,60688],{},[15,60685,52805],{},[15,60687,52011],{}," are often confused.",[599,60690,60692,60694],{"id":60691},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60693,52805],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[44,60696,60698],{"className":46,"code":60697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60699,60700,60716,60734,60738,60748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60701,60702,60704,60706,60708,60710,60712,60714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60703,266],{"class":59},[53,60705,64],{"class":63},[53,60707,2982],{"class":67},[53,60709,274],{"class":273},[53,60711,81],{"class":67},[53,60713,279],{"class":273},[53,60715,2995],{"class":67},[53,60717,60718,60720,60722,60724,60726,60728,60730,60732],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60719,291],{"class":59},[53,60721,37],{"class":67},[53,60723,52835],{"class":112},[53,60725,2341],{"class":67},[53,60727,1412],{"class":273},[53,60729,81],{"class":67},[53,60731,1811],{"class":273},[53,60733,3248],{"class":67},[53,60735,60736],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60737,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60739,60740,60742,60744,60746],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60741,132],{"class":131},[53,60743,116],{"class":67},[53,60745,291],{"class":112},[53,60747,125],{"class":67},[53,60749,60750],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,60751,52082],{"class":3024},[599,60753,60755,60757],{"id":60754},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60756,52011],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[44,60759,60761],{"className":46,"code":60760,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60762,60763,60779,60797,60801,60811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60764,60765,60767,60769,60771,60773,60775,60777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60766,266],{"class":59},[53,60768,64],{"class":63},[53,60770,2982],{"class":67},[53,60772,274],{"class":273},[53,60774,81],{"class":67},[53,60776,279],{"class":273},[53,60778,2995],{"class":67},[53,60780,60781,60783,60785,60787,60789,60791,60793,60795],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60782,291],{"class":59},[53,60784,37],{"class":67},[53,60786,12912],{"class":112},[53,60788,2341],{"class":67},[53,60790,1412],{"class":273},[53,60792,81],{"class":67},[53,60794,1811],{"class":273},[53,60796,3248],{"class":67},[53,60798,60799],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60800,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60802,60803,60805,60807,60809],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60804,132],{"class":131},[53,60806,116],{"class":67},[53,60808,291],{"class":112},[53,60810,125],{"class":67},[53,60812,60813],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,60814,60815],{"class":3024},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,60817,808],{},[193,60819,60820,60825],{},[196,60821,60822,60824],{},[15,60823,52805],{}," to combine values",[196,60826,60827,60829],{},[15,60828,52011],{}," to add one item",[20,60831,41448,60832,594,60836,37],{},[464,60833,54878,60834,830],{"href":56126},[15,60835,52011],{},[464,60837,52408],{"href":52407},[39,60839,7785,60841,60843],{"id":60840},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,60842,52805],{}," with different iterables",[20,60845,60846,60848],{},[15,60847,52805],{}," works with more than just lists.",[599,60850,60852],{"id":60851},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[44,60854,60856],{"className":46,"code":60855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60857,60858,60874,60892,60896,60906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60859,60860,60862,60864,60866,60868,60870,60872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60861,3183],{"class":59},[53,60863,64],{"class":63},[53,60865,2982],{"class":67},[53,60867,274],{"class":273},[53,60869,81],{"class":67},[53,60871,279],{"class":273},[53,60873,2995],{"class":67},[53,60875,60876,60878,60880,60882,60884,60886,60888,60890],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60877,4718],{"class":59},[53,60879,37],{"class":67},[53,60881,52835],{"class":112},[53,60883,4871],{"class":67},[53,60885,1412],{"class":273},[53,60887,81],{"class":67},[53,60889,1811],{"class":273},[53,60891,1377],{"class":67},[53,60893,60894],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60895,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60897,60898,60900,60902,60904],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60899,132],{"class":131},[53,60901,116],{"class":67},[53,60903,4718],{"class":112},[53,60905,125],{"class":67},[53,60907,60908],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,60909,52082],{"class":3024},[20,60911,60912],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[599,60914,60916],{"id":60915},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[44,60918,60920],{"className":46,"code":60919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,60921,60922,60938,60957,60961,60971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60923,60924,60926,60928,60930,60932,60934,60936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60925,620],{"class":59},[53,60927,64],{"class":63},[53,60929,2982],{"class":67},[53,60931,72],{"class":71},[53,60933,464],{"class":75},[53,60935,72],{"class":71},[53,60937,2995],{"class":67},[53,60939,60940,60942,60944,60946,60948,60950,60953,60955],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,60941,655],{"class":59},[53,60943,37],{"class":67},[53,60945,52835],{"class":112},[53,60947,116],{"class":67},[53,60949,72],{"class":71},[53,60951,60952],{"class":75},"bc",[53,60954,72],{"class":71},[53,60956,125],{"class":67},[53,60958,60959],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,60960,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,60962,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,60964,132],{"class":131},[53,60966,116],{"class":67},[53,60968,655],{"class":112},[53,60970,125],{"class":67},[53,60972,60973],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,60974,60975],{"class":3024},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,60977,60978],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[599,60980,60982],{"id":60981},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[44,60984,60986],{"className":46,"code":60985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60987,60988,61000,61022,61026,61036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,60989,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,60991,266],{"class":59},[53,60993,64],{"class":63},[53,60995,2982],{"class":67},[53,60997,1470],{"class":273},[53,60999,2995],{"class":67},[53,61001,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014,61016,61018,61020],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61003,291],{"class":59},[53,61005,37],{"class":67},[53,61007,52835],{"class":112},[53,61009,116],{"class":67},[53,61011,59357],{"class":131},[53,61013,116],{"class":67},[53,61015,274],{"class":273},[53,61017,81],{"class":67},[53,61019,1811],{"class":273},[53,61021,1377],{"class":67},[53,61023,61024],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61025,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61027,61028,61030,61032,61034],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61029,132],{"class":131},[53,61031,116],{"class":67},[53,61033,291],{"class":112},[53,61035,125],{"class":67},[53,61037,61038],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61039,61040],{"class":3024},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61042,61043,61046,61047,1540,61049,16431,61051,37],{},[15,61044,61045],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61048,274],{},[15,61050,300],{},[15,61052,1412],{},[599,61054,61056],{"id":61055},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[44,61058,61060],{"className":46,"code":61059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61061,61062,61078,61096,61100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61063,61064,61066,61068,61070,61072,61074,61076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61065,7144],{"class":59},[53,61067,64],{"class":63},[53,61069,2982],{"class":67},[53,61071,274],{"class":273},[53,61073,81],{"class":67},[53,61075,279],{"class":273},[53,61077,2995],{"class":67},[53,61079,61080,61082,61084,61086,61088,61090,61092,61094],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61081,7175],{"class":59},[53,61083,37],{"class":67},[53,61085,52835],{"class":112},[53,61087,4890],{"class":67},[53,61089,1412],{"class":273},[53,61091,81],{"class":67},[53,61093,1811],{"class":273},[53,61095,29849],{"class":67},[53,61097,61098],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61099,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61101,61102,61104,61106,61108],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61103,132],{"class":131},[53,61105,116],{"class":67},[53,61107,7175],{"class":112},[53,61109,125],{"class":67},[20,61111,61112],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[39,61114,61116],{"id":61115},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61118,61119,1751,61121,37],{},[15,61120,52805],{},[15,61122,849],{},[20,61124,61125,61126,191],{},"That means this is ",[30,61127,61128],{},"wrong",[44,61130,61132],{"className":46,"code":61131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61133,61134,61150,61172,61176,61186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61135,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144,61146,61148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61137,266],{"class":59},[53,61139,64],{"class":63},[53,61141,2982],{"class":67},[53,61143,274],{"class":273},[53,61145,81],{"class":67},[53,61147,279],{"class":273},[53,61149,2995],{"class":67},[53,61151,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168,61170],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61153,1582],{"class":59},[53,61155,64],{"class":63},[53,61157,3622],{"class":59},[53,61159,37],{"class":67},[53,61161,52835],{"class":112},[53,61163,2341],{"class":67},[53,61165,1412],{"class":273},[53,61167,81],{"class":67},[53,61169,1811],{"class":273},[53,61171,3248],{"class":67},[53,61173,61174],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61175,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61177,61178,61180,61182,61184],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61179,132],{"class":131},[53,61181,116],{"class":67},[53,61183,1617],{"class":112},[53,61185,125],{"class":67},[53,61187,61188],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61189,61190],{"class":3024},"# None\n",[20,61192,61193],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[44,61195,61197],{"className":46,"code":61196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61198,61199,61215,61237,61241,61251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61200,61201,61203,61205,61207,61209,61211,61213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61202,266],{"class":59},[53,61204,64],{"class":63},[53,61206,2982],{"class":67},[53,61208,274],{"class":273},[53,61210,81],{"class":67},[53,61212,279],{"class":273},[53,61214,2995],{"class":67},[53,61216,61217,61219,61221,61223,61225,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61218,266],{"class":59},[53,61220,64],{"class":63},[53,61222,3622],{"class":59},[53,61224,37],{"class":67},[53,61226,52835],{"class":112},[53,61228,2341],{"class":67},[53,61230,1412],{"class":273},[53,61232,81],{"class":67},[53,61234,1811],{"class":273},[53,61236,3248],{"class":67},[53,61238,61239],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61240,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61242,61243,61245,61247,61249],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61244,132],{"class":131},[53,61246,116],{"class":67},[53,61248,291],{"class":112},[53,61250,125],{"class":67},[53,61252,61253],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61254,61190],{"class":3024},[20,61256,61257],{},"The correct way is:",[44,61259,61260],{"className":46,"code":60697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,61261,61262,61278,61296,61300,61310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61263,61264,61266,61268,61270,61272,61274,61276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61265,266],{"class":59},[53,61267,64],{"class":63},[53,61269,2982],{"class":67},[53,61271,274],{"class":273},[53,61273,81],{"class":67},[53,61275,279],{"class":273},[53,61277,2995],{"class":67},[53,61279,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292,61294],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61281,291],{"class":59},[53,61283,37],{"class":67},[53,61285,52835],{"class":112},[53,61287,2341],{"class":67},[53,61289,1412],{"class":273},[53,61291,81],{"class":67},[53,61293,1811],{"class":273},[53,61295,3248],{"class":67},[53,61297,61298],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61299,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61301,61302,61304,61306,61308],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61303,132],{"class":131},[53,61305,116],{"class":67},[53,61307,291],{"class":112},[53,61309,125],{"class":67},[53,61311,61312],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61313,52082],{"class":3024},[20,61315,55266,61316,61318],{},[15,61317,52805],{}," first, then use the original list.",[39,61320,834],{"id":833},[20,61322,14093,61323,37],{},[15,61324,52805],{},[599,61326,61328,61329,61331],{"id":61327},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61330,52805],{}," to return a new list",[44,61333,61335],{"className":46,"code":61334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61336,61337,61353,61375,61379,61389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61338,61339,61341,61343,61345,61347,61349,61351],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61340,266],{"class":59},[53,61342,64],{"class":63},[53,61344,2982],{"class":67},[53,61346,274],{"class":273},[53,61348,81],{"class":67},[53,61350,279],{"class":273},[53,61352,2995],{"class":67},[53,61354,61355,61357,61359,61361,61363,61365,61367,61369,61371,61373],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61356,54999],{"class":59},[53,61358,64],{"class":63},[53,61360,3622],{"class":59},[53,61362,37],{"class":67},[53,61364,52835],{"class":112},[53,61366,2341],{"class":67},[53,61368,1412],{"class":273},[53,61370,81],{"class":67},[53,61372,1811],{"class":273},[53,61374,3248],{"class":67},[53,61376,61377],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61378,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61380,61381,61383,61385,61387],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61382,132],{"class":131},[53,61384,116],{"class":67},[53,61386,55018],{"class":112},[53,61388,125],{"class":67},[53,61390,61391],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61392,61190],{"class":3024},[20,61394,61395,61396,37],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61397,52805],{},[599,61399,61401,61402,43986,61404,61406],{"id":61400},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61403,52011],{},[15,61405,52805],{}," is needed",[44,61408,61409],{"className":46,"code":60760,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,61410,61411,61427,61445,61449,61459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61412,61413,61415,61417,61419,61421,61423,61425],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61414,266],{"class":59},[53,61416,64],{"class":63},[53,61418,2982],{"class":67},[53,61420,274],{"class":273},[53,61422,81],{"class":67},[53,61424,279],{"class":273},[53,61426,2995],{"class":67},[53,61428,61429,61431,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61430,291],{"class":59},[53,61432,37],{"class":67},[53,61434,12912],{"class":112},[53,61436,2341],{"class":67},[53,61438,1412],{"class":273},[53,61440,81],{"class":67},[53,61442,1811],{"class":273},[53,61444,3248],{"class":67},[53,61446,61447],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61448,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61450,61451,61453,61455,61457],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61452,132],{"class":131},[53,61454,116],{"class":67},[53,61456,291],{"class":112},[53,61458,125],{"class":67},[53,61460,61461],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61462,60815],{"class":3024},[20,61464,61465,61466,53250,61468,5994],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61467,53249],{},[15,61469,52805],{},[599,61471,61473],{"id":61472},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[44,61475,61477],{"className":46,"code":61476,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61478,61479,61495,61513,61517,61527],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61480,61481,61483,61485,61487,61489,61491,61493],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61482,3431],{"class":59},[53,61484,64],{"class":63},[53,61486,2982],{"class":67},[53,61488,72],{"class":71},[53,61490,3206],{"class":75},[53,61492,72],{"class":71},[53,61494,2995],{"class":67},[53,61496,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61498,3473],{"class":59},[53,61500,37],{"class":67},[53,61502,52835],{"class":112},[53,61504,116],{"class":67},[53,61506,72],{"class":71},[53,61508,59950],{"class":75},[53,61510,72],{"class":71},[53,61512,125],{"class":67},[53,61514,61515],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61516,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61518,61519,61521,61523,61525],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61520,132],{"class":131},[53,61522,116],{"class":67},[53,61524,3473],{"class":112},[53,61526,125],{"class":67},[53,61528,61529],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61530,61531],{"class":3024},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61533,61534,61535,61538,61539,191],{},"If you want ",[15,61536,61537],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61540,52011],{},[44,61542,61544],{"className":46,"code":61543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61545,61546,61562,61580,61584,61594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61547,61548,61550,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61549,3431],{"class":59},[53,61551,64],{"class":63},[53,61553,2982],{"class":67},[53,61555,72],{"class":71},[53,61557,3206],{"class":75},[53,61559,72],{"class":71},[53,61561,2995],{"class":67},[53,61563,61564,61566,61568,61570,61572,61574,61576,61578],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61565,3473],{"class":59},[53,61567,37],{"class":67},[53,61569,12912],{"class":112},[53,61571,116],{"class":67},[53,61573,72],{"class":71},[53,61575,59950],{"class":75},[53,61577,72],{"class":71},[53,61579,125],{"class":67},[53,61581,61582],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61583,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61585,61586,61588,61590,61592],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61587,132],{"class":131},[53,61589,116],{"class":67},[53,61591,3473],{"class":112},[53,61593,125],{"class":67},[53,61595,61596],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61597,61598],{"class":3024},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[599,61600,61602],{"id":61601},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[44,61604,61606],{"className":46,"code":61605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61607,61608,61624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61609,61610,61612,61614,61616,61618,61620,61622],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61611,266],{"class":59},[53,61613,64],{"class":63},[53,61615,2982],{"class":67},[53,61617,274],{"class":273},[53,61619,81],{"class":67},[53,61621,279],{"class":273},[53,61623,2995],{"class":67},[53,61625,61626,61628,61630,61632,61634,61636],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61627,291],{"class":59},[53,61629,37],{"class":67},[53,61631,52835],{"class":112},[53,61633,116],{"class":67},[53,61635,1487],{"class":273},[53,61637,125],{"class":67},[20,61639,39007,61640,5914],{},[15,61641,1487],{},[20,61643,61644,61645,61647,61648,61651],{},"You will get a ",[15,61646,2360],{},". See ",[464,61649,61650],{"href":51958},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61653,61654],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[44,61656,61658],{"className":46,"code":61657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61659,61660,61670,61684,61696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61661,61662,61664,61666,61668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61663,132],{"class":131},[53,61665,116],{"class":67},[53,61667,7706],{"class":112},[53,61669,125],{"class":67},[53,61671,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680,61682],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61673,132],{"class":131},[53,61675,116],{"class":67},[53,61677,2578],{"class":550},[53,61679,116],{"class":67},[53,61681,4718],{"class":112},[53,61683,1377],{"class":67},[53,61685,61686,61688,61690,61692,61694],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61687,132],{"class":131},[53,61689,116],{"class":67},[53,61691,1617],{"class":112},[53,61693,3021],{"class":67},[53,61695,125],{"class":59},[53,61697,61698,61700,61702,61704,61706,61708],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61699,31506],{"class":131},[53,61701,116],{"class":67},[53,61703,7460],{"class":550},[53,61705,37],{"class":67},[53,61707,52835],{"class":24104},[53,61709,125],{"class":67},[42936,61711,61712],{},[20,61713,61714,61715,61718,61719,61721,61722,37],{},"Note: ",[15,61716,61717],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61720,3021],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61723,32381],{},[20,61725,61726],{},"Correct debugging example:",[44,61728,61730],{"className":46,"code":61729,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61731,61732,61748,61764,61768,61782,61786,61794,61804,61818,61828],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61733,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61735,7675],{"class":59},[53,61737,64],{"class":63},[53,61739,2982],{"class":67},[53,61741,274],{"class":273},[53,61743,81],{"class":67},[53,61745,279],{"class":273},[53,61747,2995],{"class":67},[53,61749,61750,61752,61754,61756,61758,61760,61762],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61751,3183],{"class":59},[53,61753,64],{"class":63},[53,61755,2982],{"class":67},[53,61757,1412],{"class":273},[53,61759,81],{"class":67},[53,61761,1811],{"class":273},[53,61763,2995],{"class":67},[53,61765,61766],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61767,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61769,61770,61772,61774,61776,61778,61780],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61771,7706],{"class":59},[53,61773,37],{"class":67},[53,61775,52835],{"class":112},[53,61777,116],{"class":67},[53,61779,4718],{"class":112},[53,61781,125],{"class":67},[53,61783,61784],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61785,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61787,61788,61790,61792],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,61789,1582],{"class":59},[53,61791,64],{"class":63},[53,61793,47885],{"class":938},[53,61795,61796,61798,61800,61802],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,61797,132],{"class":131},[53,61799,116],{"class":67},[53,61801,7706],{"class":112},[53,61803,125],{"class":67},[53,61805,61806,61808,61810,61812,61814,61816],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,61807,132],{"class":131},[53,61809,116],{"class":67},[53,61811,2578],{"class":550},[53,61813,116],{"class":67},[53,61815,4718],{"class":112},[53,61817,1377],{"class":67},[53,61819,61820,61822,61824,61826],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,61821,132],{"class":131},[53,61823,116],{"class":67},[53,61825,1617],{"class":112},[53,61827,125],{"class":67},[53,61829,61830,61832,61834,61836,61838,61840],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,61831,31506],{"class":131},[53,61833,116],{"class":67},[53,61835,7460],{"class":550},[53,61837,37],{"class":67},[53,61839,52835],{"class":24104},[53,61841,125],{"class":67},[39,61843,4319,61845],{"id":61844},"when-to-use-extend",[15,61846,52805],{},[20,61848,174,61849,5680],{},[15,61850,52805],{},[193,61852,61853,61856,61859],{},[196,61854,61855],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[196,61857,61858],{},"Add multiple values at once",[196,61860,61861],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,61863,4832],{},[44,61865,61867],{"className":46,"code":61866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,61868,61869,61886,61904,61908,61924,61928,61938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,61870,61871,61874,61876,61878,61880,61882,61884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,61872,61873],{"class":59},"all_scores ",[53,61875,64],{"class":63},[53,61877,2982],{"class":67},[53,61879,12861],{"class":273},[53,61881,81],{"class":67},[53,61883,12866],{"class":273},[53,61885,2995],{"class":67},[53,61887,61888,61891,61893,61895,61897,61899,61902],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,61889,61890],{"class":59},"new_scores ",[53,61892,64],{"class":63},[53,61894,2982],{"class":67},[53,61896,50864],{"class":273},[53,61898,81],{"class":67},[53,61900,61901],{"class":273}," 92",[53,61903,2995],{"class":67},[53,61905,61906],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,61907,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61909,61910,61913,61915,61917,61919,61922],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,61911,61912],{"class":59},"all_scores",[53,61914,37],{"class":67},[53,61916,52835],{"class":112},[53,61918,116],{"class":67},[53,61920,61921],{"class":112},"new_scores",[53,61923,125],{"class":67},[53,61925,61926],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,61927,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,61929,61930,61932,61934,61936],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,61931,132],{"class":131},[53,61933,116],{"class":67},[53,61935,61912],{"class":112},[53,61937,125],{"class":67},[53,61939,61940],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,61941,61942],{"class":3024},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,61944,61945,61946,61948,61949,37],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,61947,52011],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[464,61950,54878,61951,830],{"href":53267},[15,61952,53627],{},[39,61954,1187],{"id":1186},[599,61956,1191,61958,54827],{"id":61957},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,61959,52706],{},[20,61961,61962,61963,37],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,61964,849],{},[599,61966,4538,61968,594,61970,1222],{"id":61967},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,61969,52805],{},[15,61971,52011],{},[20,61973,61974,61976,61977,61979],{},[15,61975,52805],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,61978,52011],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[599,61981,27684,61983,61985],{"id":61982},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,61984,52805],{}," with a string?",[20,61987,61988],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[599,61990,27684,61992,61994],{"id":61991},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,61993,52805],{}," with a tuple?",[20,61996,61997],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[599,61999,62001,62002,1222],{"id":62000},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62003,52805],{},[20,62005,62006,62007,62009],{},"You get a ",[15,62008,2360],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[39,62011,1244],{"id":1243},[193,62013,62014,62020,62024,62028,62032,62038,62042],{},[196,62015,62016],{},[464,62017,54878,62018,830],{"href":56126},[15,62019,52011],{},[196,62021,62022],{},[464,62023,53637],{"href":52407},[196,62025,62026],{},[464,62027,56586],{"href":56511},[196,62029,62030],{},[464,62031,52130],{"href":50338},[196,62033,62034],{},[464,62035,54878,62036,830],{"href":53267},[15,62037,53627],{},[196,62039,62040],{},[464,62041,61650],{"href":51958},[196,62043,62044],{},[464,62045,54878,62046,830],{"href":54319},[15,62047,12140],{},[20,62049,62050,62051,62053,62054,62056],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62052,52011],{},", when to use ",[15,62055,53627],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1276,62058,62059],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":62061},[62062,62063,62065,62066,62067,62074,62081,62082,62090,62092,62104],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":60459,"depth":104,"text":62064},"What list.extend() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":60540,"depth":104,"text":60541},{"id":60677,"depth":104,"text":62068,"children":62069},"extend() vs append()",[62070,62072],{"id":60691,"depth":128,"text":62071},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60754,"depth":128,"text":62073},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":60840,"depth":104,"text":62075,"children":62076},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62077,62078,62079,62080],{"id":60851,"depth":128,"text":60852},{"id":60915,"depth":128,"text":60916},{"id":60981,"depth":128,"text":60982},{"id":61055,"depth":128,"text":61056},{"id":61115,"depth":104,"text":61116},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":62083},[62084,62086,62088,62089],{"id":61327,"depth":128,"text":62085},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61400,"depth":128,"text":62087},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61472,"depth":128,"text":61473},{"id":61601,"depth":128,"text":61602},{"id":61844,"depth":104,"text":62091},"When to use extend()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":62093},[62094,62096,62098,62100,62102],{"id":61957,"depth":128,"text":62095},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":61967,"depth":128,"text":62097},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":61982,"depth":128,"text":62099},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":61991,"depth":128,"text":62101},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62000,"depth":128,"text":62103},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60363,"description":62105},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62112,"title":62113,"body":62114,"description":64205,"extension":1312,"meta":64206,"navigation":383,"path":64207,"seo":64208,"stem":64209,"__hash__":64210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62115,"toc":64168},[62116,62119,62124,62130,62141,62147,62149,62218,62220,62269,62277,62281,62286,62289,62300,62305,62307,62309,62330,62343,62346,62359,62361,62366,62391,62393,62401,62404,62473,62475,62499,62505,62509,62513,62549,62551,62571,62578,62582,62615,62617,62651,62656,62660,62693,62695,62723,62731,62735,62772,62774,62795,62798,62802,62871,62873,62897,62903,62910,62914,62917,62919,62933,62936,62960,62962,62987,62990,63009,63011,63037,63046,63050,63057,63134,63136,63177,63183,63189,63280,63282,63338,63341,63346,63350,63355,63359,63418,63420,63445,63449,63512,63514,63539,63543,63606,63608,63651,63654,63658,63662,63684,63688,63770,63772,63807,63815,63817,63821,63825,63827,63854,63859,63861,63888,63895,63898,63921,63923,63972,63975,63978,63997,64001,64004,64055,64058,64064,64068,64073,64076,64078,64084,64093,64097,64103,64107,64110,64114,64117,64121,64127,64129,64165],[10,62117,62113],{"id":62118},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62120,8491,62121,62123],{},[15,62122,24135],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62125,62126,62127,62129],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62128,24135],{}," for two main reasons:",[193,62131,62132,62135],{},[196,62133,62134],{},"to make an empty list",[196,62136,62137,62138,62140],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62139,59357],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62142,62143,62144,62146],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62145,24135],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[39,62148,42],{"id":41},[44,62150,62152],{"className":46,"code":62151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62153,62154,62176,62194,62198,62208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62155,62156,62158,62160,62162,62164,62166,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62157,266],{"class":59},[53,62159,64],{"class":63},[53,62161,21913],{"class":550},[53,62163,4871],{"class":67},[53,62165,274],{"class":273},[53,62167,81],{"class":67},[53,62169,279],{"class":273},[53,62171,81],{"class":67},[53,62173,284],{"class":273},[53,62175,1377],{"class":67},[53,62177,62178,62180,62182,62184,62186,62188,62190,62192],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62179,620],{"class":59},[53,62181,64],{"class":63},[53,62183,21913],{"class":550},[53,62185,116],{"class":67},[53,62187,72],{"class":71},[53,62189,40915],{"class":75},[53,62191,72],{"class":71},[53,62193,125],{"class":67},[53,62195,62196],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,62197,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,62199,62200,62202,62204,62206],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,62201,132],{"class":131},[53,62203,116],{"class":67},[53,62205,291],{"class":112},[53,62207,125],{"class":67},[53,62209,62210,62212,62214,62216],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,62211,132],{"class":131},[53,62213,116],{"class":67},[53,62215,655],{"class":112},[53,62217,125],{"class":67},[20,62219,772],{},[44,62221,62223],{"className":46,"code":62222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62224,62225,62241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62226,62227,62229,62231,62233,62235,62237,62239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62228,3260],{"class":67},[53,62230,274],{"class":273},[53,62232,81],{"class":67},[53,62234,279],{"class":273},[53,62236,81],{"class":67},[53,62238,284],{"class":273},[53,62240,2995],{"class":67},[53,62242,62243,62245,62247,62249,62251,62253,62255,62257,62259,62261,62263,62265,62267],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62244,3260],{"class":67},[53,62246,156],{"class":71},[53,62248,464],{"class":75},[53,62250,156],{"class":71},[53,62252,81],{"class":67},[53,62254,165],{"class":71},[53,62256,637],{"class":75},[53,62258,156],{"class":71},[53,62260,81],{"class":67},[53,62262,165],{"class":71},[53,62264,646],{"class":75},[53,62266,156],{"class":71},[53,62268,2995],{"class":67},[20,62270,174,62271,62273,62274,62276],{},[15,62272,24135],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62275,59357],{},", set, or dictionary.",[39,62278,62280],{"id":62279},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62282,62283,62285],{},[15,62284,24135],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62287,62288],{},"It can:",[193,62290,62291,62294,62297],{},[196,62292,62293],{},"create a new list object",[196,62295,62296],{},"make an empty list",[196,62298,62299],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62301,62302,62303,37],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[464,62304,52130],{"href":50338},[39,62306,217],{"id":216},[20,62308,25842],{},[44,62310,62312],{"className":46,"code":62311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62313,62314,62320],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62315,62316,62318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62317,7460],{"class":550},[53,62319,8011],{"class":67},[53,62321,62322,62324,62326,62328],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62323,7460],{"class":550},[53,62325,116],{"class":67},[53,62327,3081],{"class":112},[53,62329,125],{"class":67},[193,62331,62332,62337],{},[196,62333,62334,62336],{},[15,62335,24135],{}," makes an empty list",[196,62338,62339,62342],{},[15,62340,62341],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62344,62345],{},"Common iterable values include:",[193,62347,62348,62350,62352,62354,62357],{},[196,62349,4668],{},[196,62351,4662],{},[196,62353,4665],{},[196,62355,62356],{},"ranges",[196,62358,6614],{},[39,62360,58979],{"id":58978},[20,62362,174,62363,62365],{},[15,62364,24135],{}," with no arguments:",[44,62367,62369],{"className":46,"code":62368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62370,62371,62381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62372,62373,62375,62377,62379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62374,7144],{"class":59},[53,62376,64],{"class":63},[53,62378,21913],{"class":550},[53,62380,8011],{"class":67},[53,62382,62383,62385,62387,62389],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62384,132],{"class":131},[53,62386,116],{"class":67},[53,62388,7175],{"class":112},[53,62390,125],{"class":67},[20,62392,772],{},[44,62394,62395],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62396,62397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62398,62399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62400,37650],{"class":67},[20,62402,62403],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[44,62405,62407],{"className":46,"code":62406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62408,62409,62419,62423,62441,62459,62463],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62410,62411,62413,62415,62417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62412,7144],{"class":59},[53,62414,64],{"class":63},[53,62416,21913],{"class":550},[53,62418,8011],{"class":67},[53,62420,62421],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62422,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,62424,62425,62427,62429,62431,62433,62435,62437,62439],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,62426,7175],{"class":59},[53,62428,37],{"class":67},[53,62430,12912],{"class":112},[53,62432,116],{"class":67},[53,62434,72],{"class":71},[53,62436,356],{"class":75},[53,62438,72],{"class":71},[53,62440,125],{"class":67},[53,62442,62443,62445,62447,62449,62451,62453,62455,62457],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,62444,7175],{"class":59},[53,62446,37],{"class":67},[53,62448,12912],{"class":112},[53,62450,116],{"class":67},[53,62452,72],{"class":71},[53,62454,365],{"class":75},[53,62456,72],{"class":71},[53,62458,125],{"class":67},[53,62460,62461],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,62462,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,62464,62465,62467,62469,62471],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,62466,132],{"class":131},[53,62468,116],{"class":67},[53,62470,7175],{"class":112},[53,62472,125],{"class":67},[20,62474,772],{},[44,62476,62477],{"className":46,"code":37776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62478,62479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62480,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62482,3260],{"class":67},[53,62484,156],{"class":71},[53,62486,356],{"class":75},[53,62488,156],{"class":71},[53,62490,81],{"class":67},[53,62492,165],{"class":71},[53,62494,365],{"class":75},[53,62496,156],{"class":71},[53,62498,2995],{"class":67},[20,62500,62501,62502,62504],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62503,3147],{},". Both are valid.",[39,62506,62508],{"id":62507},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[599,62510,62512],{"id":62511},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[44,62514,62515],{"className":46,"code":59277,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62516,62517,62539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62518,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62520,266],{"class":59},[53,62522,64],{"class":63},[53,62524,21913],{"class":550},[53,62526,4871],{"class":67},[53,62528,274],{"class":273},[53,62530,81],{"class":67},[53,62532,279],{"class":273},[53,62534,81],{"class":67},[53,62536,284],{"class":273},[53,62538,1377],{"class":67},[53,62540,62541,62543,62545,62547],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62542,132],{"class":131},[53,62544,116],{"class":67},[53,62546,291],{"class":112},[53,62548,125],{"class":67},[20,62550,772],{},[44,62552,62553],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62554,62555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62556,62557,62559,62561,62563,62565,62567,62569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62558,3260],{"class":67},[53,62560,274],{"class":273},[53,62562,81],{"class":67},[53,62564,279],{"class":273},[53,62566,81],{"class":67},[53,62568,284],{"class":273},[53,62570,2995],{"class":67},[20,62572,62573,62574,37],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[464,62575,62577],{"href":62576},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[599,62579,62581],{"id":62580},"string-to-list","String to list",[44,62583,62585],{"className":46,"code":62584,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62586,62587,62605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62588,62589,62591,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601,62603],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62590,620],{"class":59},[53,62592,64],{"class":63},[53,62594,21913],{"class":550},[53,62596,116],{"class":67},[53,62598,72],{"class":71},[53,62600,36400],{"class":75},[53,62602,72],{"class":71},[53,62604,125],{"class":67},[53,62606,62607,62609,62611,62613],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62608,132],{"class":131},[53,62610,116],{"class":67},[53,62612,655],{"class":112},[53,62614,125],{"class":67},[20,62616,772],{},[44,62618,62620],{"className":46,"code":62619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62621,62622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62623,62624,62626,62628,62630,62632,62634,62636,62638,62640,62642,62644,62647,62649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62625,3260],{"class":67},[53,62627,156],{"class":71},[53,62629,646],{"class":75},[53,62631,156],{"class":71},[53,62633,81],{"class":67},[53,62635,165],{"class":71},[53,62637,464],{"class":75},[53,62639,156],{"class":71},[53,62641,81],{"class":67},[53,62643,165],{"class":71},[53,62645,62646],{"class":75},"t",[53,62648,156],{"class":71},[53,62650,2995],{"class":67},[20,62652,62653,62655],{},[15,62654,24135],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[599,62657,62659],{"id":62658},"range-to-list","Range to list",[44,62661,62663],{"className":46,"code":62662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62664,62665,62683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62666,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675,62677,62679,62681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62668,266],{"class":59},[53,62670,64],{"class":63},[53,62672,21913],{"class":550},[53,62674,116],{"class":67},[53,62676,59357],{"class":131},[53,62678,116],{"class":67},[53,62680,1487],{"class":273},[53,62682,1377],{"class":67},[53,62684,62685,62687,62689,62691],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62686,132],{"class":131},[53,62688,116],{"class":67},[53,62690,291],{"class":112},[53,62692,125],{"class":67},[20,62694,772],{},[44,62696,62697],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62698,62699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62700,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62702,3260],{"class":67},[53,62704,1470],{"class":273},[53,62706,81],{"class":67},[53,62708,4858],{"class":273},[53,62710,81],{"class":67},[53,62712,279],{"class":273},[53,62714,81],{"class":67},[53,62716,284],{"class":273},[53,62718,81],{"class":67},[53,62720,1811],{"class":273},[53,62722,2995],{"class":67},[20,62724,62725,62726,62730],{},"This is common when working with ",[464,62727,62728],{"href":35549},[15,62729,35552],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[599,62732,62734],{"id":62733},"set-to-list","Set to list",[44,62736,62738],{"className":46,"code":62737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62739,62740,62762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62741,62742,62744,62746,62748,62750,62752,62754,62756,62758,62760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62743,3183],{"class":59},[53,62745,64],{"class":63},[53,62747,21913],{"class":550},[53,62749,4890],{"class":67},[53,62751,1684],{"class":273},[53,62753,81],{"class":67},[53,62755,7155],{"class":273},[53,62757,81],{"class":67},[53,62759,7160],{"class":273},[53,62761,29849],{"class":67},[53,62763,62764,62766,62768,62770],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62765,132],{"class":131},[53,62767,116],{"class":67},[53,62769,4718],{"class":112},[53,62771,125],{"class":67},[20,62773,16317],{},[44,62775,62777],{"className":46,"code":62776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,62778,62779],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62780,62781,62783,62785,62787,62789,62791,62793],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62782,3260],{"class":67},[53,62784,1684],{"class":273},[53,62786,81],{"class":67},[53,62788,7155],{"class":273},[53,62790,81],{"class":67},[53,62792,7160],{"class":273},[53,62794,2995],{"class":67},[20,62796,62797],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[599,62799,62801],{"id":62800},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[44,62803,62805],{"className":46,"code":62804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,62806,62807,62843,62857,62861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62808,62809,62811,62813,62815,62817,62819,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62810,12563],{"class":59},[53,62812,64],{"class":63},[53,62814,68],{"class":67},[53,62816,72],{"class":71},[53,62818,7032],{"class":75},[53,62820,72],{"class":71},[53,62822,191],{"class":67},[53,62824,84],{"class":71},[53,62826,12244],{"class":75},[53,62828,72],{"class":71},[53,62830,81],{"class":67},[53,62832,84],{"class":71},[53,62834,8667],{"class":75},[53,62836,72],{"class":71},[53,62838,191],{"class":67},[53,62840,8674],{"class":273},[53,62842,101],{"class":67},[53,62844,62845,62847,62849,62851,62853,62855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,62846,1582],{"class":59},[53,62848,64],{"class":63},[53,62850,21913],{"class":550},[53,62852,116],{"class":67},[53,62854,16666],{"class":112},[53,62856,125],{"class":67},[53,62858,62859],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,62860,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,62862,62863,62865,62867,62869],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,62864,132],{"class":131},[53,62866,116],{"class":67},[53,62868,1617],{"class":112},[53,62870,125],{"class":67},[20,62872,772],{},[44,62874,62875],{"className":46,"code":24835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,62876,62877],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62878,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891,62893,62895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62880,3260],{"class":67},[53,62882,156],{"class":71},[53,62884,7032],{"class":75},[53,62886,156],{"class":71},[53,62888,81],{"class":67},[53,62890,165],{"class":71},[53,62892,8667],{"class":75},[53,62894,156],{"class":71},[53,62896,2995],{"class":67},[20,62898,62899,62900,62902],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,62901,24135],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,62904,62905,62906,37],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[464,62907,62909],{"href":62908},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[39,62911,62913],{"id":62912},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,62915,62916],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,62918,60514],{},[193,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927,62929,62931],{},[196,62922,4659],{},[196,62924,4662],{},[196,62926,4668],{},[196,62928,4665],{},[196,62930,62356],{},[196,62932,6614],{},[20,62934,62935],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[44,62937,62939],{"className":46,"code":62938,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,62940,62941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62942,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62956,62958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62944,132],{"class":131},[53,62946,116],{"class":67},[53,62948,7460],{"class":550},[53,62950,116],{"class":67},[53,62952,72],{"class":71},[53,62954,62955],{"class":75},"hi",[53,62957,72],{"class":71},[53,62959,1377],{"class":67},[20,62961,772],{},[44,62963,62965],{"className":46,"code":62964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,62966,62967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62968,62969,62971,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62970,3260],{"class":67},[53,62972,156],{"class":71},[53,62974,59797],{"class":75},[53,62976,156],{"class":71},[53,62978,81],{"class":67},[53,62980,165],{"class":71},[53,62982,35508],{"class":75},[53,62984,156],{"class":71},[53,62986,2995],{"class":67},[20,62988,62989],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[44,62991,62993],{"className":46,"code":62992,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(5))\n",[15,62994,62995],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,62996,62997,62999,63001,63003,63005,63007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,62998,132],{"class":131},[53,63000,116],{"class":67},[53,63002,7460],{"class":550},[53,63004,116],{"class":67},[53,63006,1487],{"class":273},[53,63008,1377],{"class":67},[20,63010,772],{},[44,63012,63014],{"className":46,"code":63013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63015,63016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63017,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032,63034],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63019,2360],{"class":550},[53,63021,191],{"class":67},[53,63023,165],{"class":71},[53,63025,1539],{"class":75},[53,63027,156],{"class":71},[53,63029,23971],{"class":550},[53,63031,7463],{"class":63},[53,63033,7466],{"class":63},[53,63035,63036],{"class":59}," iterable\n",[20,63038,63039,63040,63042,63043,37],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[464,63041,4495],{"href":4947},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[464,63044,63045],{"href":51958},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[39,63047,63049],{"id":63048},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63051,63052,63053,63056],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63054,63055],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[44,63058,63060],{"className":46,"code":63059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63061,63062,63082,63096,63100,63110,63120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63063,63064,63066,63068,63070,63072,63074,63076,63078,63080],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63065,11450],{"class":59},[53,63067,64],{"class":63},[53,63069,2982],{"class":67},[53,63071,274],{"class":273},[53,63073,81],{"class":67},[53,63075,279],{"class":273},[53,63077,81],{"class":67},[53,63079,284],{"class":273},[53,63081,2995],{"class":67},[53,63083,63084,63086,63088,63090,63092,63094],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63085,13671],{"class":59},[53,63087,64],{"class":63},[53,63089,21913],{"class":550},[53,63091,116],{"class":67},[53,63093,11497],{"class":112},[53,63095,125],{"class":67},[53,63097,63098],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,63099,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,63101,63102,63104,63106,63108],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,63103,132],{"class":131},[53,63105,116],{"class":67},[53,63107,11497],{"class":112},[53,63109,125],{"class":67},[53,63111,63112,63114,63116,63118],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,63113,132],{"class":131},[53,63115,116],{"class":67},[53,63117,13690],{"class":112},[53,63119,125],{"class":67},[53,63121,63122,63124,63126,63128,63130,63132],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,63123,132],{"class":131},[53,63125,116],{"class":67},[53,63127,11450],{"class":112},[53,63129,11558],{"class":1105},[53,63131,13744],{"class":112},[53,63133,125],{"class":67},[20,63135,772],{},[44,63137,63139],{"className":46,"code":63138,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63140,63141,63157,63173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63142,63143,63145,63147,63149,63151,63153,63155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63144,3260],{"class":67},[53,63146,274],{"class":273},[53,63148,81],{"class":67},[53,63150,279],{"class":273},[53,63152,81],{"class":67},[53,63154,284],{"class":273},[53,63156,2995],{"class":67},[53,63158,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167,63169,63171],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63160,3260],{"class":67},[53,63162,274],{"class":273},[53,63164,81],{"class":67},[53,63166,279],{"class":273},[53,63168,81],{"class":67},[53,63170,284],{"class":273},[53,63172,2995],{"class":67},[53,63174,63175],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,63176,3401],{"class":938},[20,63178,63179,63180,63182],{},"This means ",[15,63181,13690],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63184,63185,63186,63188],{},"However, this is only a ",[30,63187,12214],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[44,63190,63192],{"className":46,"code":63191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63193,63194,63220,63234,63238,63256,63260,63270],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63195,63196,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214,63216,63218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63197,11450],{"class":59},[53,63199,64],{"class":63},[53,63201,55651],{"class":67},[53,63203,274],{"class":273},[53,63205,81],{"class":67},[53,63207,279],{"class":273},[53,63209,17420],{"class":67},[53,63211,2982],{"class":67},[53,63213,1412],{"class":273},[53,63215,81],{"class":67},[53,63217,1811],{"class":273},[53,63219,52601],{"class":67},[53,63221,63222,63224,63226,63228,63230,63232],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63223,13671],{"class":59},[53,63225,64],{"class":63},[53,63227,21913],{"class":550},[53,63229,116],{"class":67},[53,63231,11497],{"class":112},[53,63233,125],{"class":67},[53,63235,63236],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,63237,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,63239,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,63241,13690],{"class":59},[53,63243,3260],{"class":67},[53,63245,1470],{"class":273},[53,63247,12909],{"class":67},[53,63249,12912],{"class":112},[53,63251,116],{"class":67},[53,63253,55704],{"class":273},[53,63255,125],{"class":67},[53,63257,63258],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,63259,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,63261,63262,63264,63266,63268],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,63263,132],{"class":131},[53,63265,116],{"class":67},[53,63267,11497],{"class":112},[53,63269,125],{"class":67},[53,63271,63272,63274,63276,63278],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,63273,132],{"class":131},[53,63275,116],{"class":67},[53,63277,13690],{"class":112},[53,63279,125],{"class":67},[20,63281,772],{},[44,63283,63284],{"className":46,"code":55735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,63285,63286,63312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63287,63288,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63289,55742],{"class":67},[53,63291,274],{"class":273},[53,63293,81],{"class":67},[53,63295,279],{"class":273},[53,63297,81],{"class":67},[53,63299,9564],{"class":273},[53,63301,17420],{"class":67},[53,63303,2982],{"class":67},[53,63305,1412],{"class":273},[53,63307,81],{"class":67},[53,63309,1811],{"class":273},[53,63311,52601],{"class":67},[53,63313,63314,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330,63332,63334,63336],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63315,55742],{"class":67},[53,63317,274],{"class":273},[53,63319,81],{"class":67},[53,63321,279],{"class":273},[53,63323,81],{"class":67},[53,63325,9564],{"class":273},[53,63327,17420],{"class":67},[53,63329,2982],{"class":67},[53,63331,1412],{"class":273},[53,63333,81],{"class":67},[53,63335,1811],{"class":273},[53,63337,52601],{"class":67},[20,63339,63340],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63342,63343,63344,37],{},"For more on this, see ",[464,63345,13150],{"href":13149},[39,63347,63349],{"id":63348},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63351,63352,63353,37],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63354,24135],{},[599,63356,63358],{"id":63357},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[44,63360,63362],{"className":46,"code":63361,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63363,63364,63404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63365,63366,63368,63370,63372,63374,63376,63378,63380,63382,63384,63386,63388,63390,63392,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63367,12227],{"class":59},[53,63369,64],{"class":63},[53,63371,68],{"class":67},[53,63373,72],{"class":71},[53,63375,7032],{"class":75},[53,63377,72],{"class":71},[53,63379,191],{"class":67},[53,63381,84],{"class":71},[53,63383,7287],{"class":75},[53,63385,72],{"class":71},[53,63387,81],{"class":67},[53,63389,84],{"class":71},[53,63391,19247],{"class":75},[53,63393,72],{"class":71},[53,63395,191],{"class":67},[53,63397,84],{"class":71},[53,63399,21599],{"class":75},[53,63401,72],{"class":71},[53,63403,101],{"class":67},[53,63405,63406,63408,63410,63412,63414,63416],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63407,132],{"class":131},[53,63409,116],{"class":67},[53,63411,7460],{"class":550},[53,63413,116],{"class":67},[53,63415,12985],{"class":112},[53,63417,1377],{"class":67},[20,63419,772],{},[44,63421,63423],{"className":46,"code":63422,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63424,63425],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63426,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63428,3260],{"class":67},[53,63430,156],{"class":71},[53,63432,7032],{"class":75},[53,63434,156],{"class":71},[53,63436,81],{"class":67},[53,63438,165],{"class":71},[53,63440,19247],{"class":75},[53,63442,156],{"class":71},[53,63444,2995],{"class":67},[599,63446,63448],{"id":63447},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[44,63450,63452],{"className":46,"code":63451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63453,63454,63494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63455,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490,63492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63457,12227],{"class":59},[53,63459,64],{"class":63},[53,63461,68],{"class":67},[53,63463,72],{"class":71},[53,63465,7032],{"class":75},[53,63467,72],{"class":71},[53,63469,191],{"class":67},[53,63471,84],{"class":71},[53,63473,7287],{"class":75},[53,63475,72],{"class":71},[53,63477,81],{"class":67},[53,63479,84],{"class":71},[53,63481,19247],{"class":75},[53,63483,72],{"class":71},[53,63485,191],{"class":67},[53,63487,84],{"class":71},[53,63489,21599],{"class":75},[53,63491,72],{"class":71},[53,63493,101],{"class":67},[53,63495,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504,63506,63508,63510],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63497,132],{"class":131},[53,63499,116],{"class":67},[53,63501,7460],{"class":550},[53,63503,116],{"class":67},[53,63505,12985],{"class":112},[53,63507,37],{"class":67},[53,63509,4718],{"class":112},[53,63511,5652],{"class":67},[20,63513,772],{},[44,63515,63517],{"className":46,"code":63516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63518,63519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63520,63521,63523,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63522,3260],{"class":67},[53,63524,156],{"class":71},[53,63526,7287],{"class":75},[53,63528,156],{"class":71},[53,63530,81],{"class":67},[53,63532,165],{"class":71},[53,63534,21599],{"class":75},[53,63536,156],{"class":71},[53,63538,2995],{"class":67},[599,63540,63542],{"id":63541},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[44,63544,63546],{"className":46,"code":63545,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63547,63548,63588],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63549,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582,63584,63586],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63551,12227],{"class":59},[53,63553,64],{"class":63},[53,63555,68],{"class":67},[53,63557,72],{"class":71},[53,63559,7032],{"class":75},[53,63561,72],{"class":71},[53,63563,191],{"class":67},[53,63565,84],{"class":71},[53,63567,7287],{"class":75},[53,63569,72],{"class":71},[53,63571,81],{"class":67},[53,63573,84],{"class":71},[53,63575,19247],{"class":75},[53,63577,72],{"class":71},[53,63579,191],{"class":67},[53,63581,84],{"class":71},[53,63583,21599],{"class":75},[53,63585,72],{"class":71},[53,63587,101],{"class":67},[53,63589,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63591,132],{"class":131},[53,63593,116],{"class":67},[53,63595,7460],{"class":550},[53,63597,116],{"class":67},[53,63599,12985],{"class":112},[53,63601,37],{"class":67},[53,63603,7175],{"class":112},[53,63605,5652],{"class":67},[20,63607,772],{},[44,63609,63611],{"className":46,"code":63610,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63612,63613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63614,63615,63617,63619,63621,63623,63625,63627,63629,63631,63633,63635,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647,63649],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63616,21095],{"class":67},[53,63618,156],{"class":71},[53,63620,7032],{"class":75},[53,63622,156],{"class":71},[53,63624,81],{"class":67},[53,63626,165],{"class":71},[53,63628,7287],{"class":75},[53,63630,156],{"class":71},[53,63632,8602],{"class":67},[53,63634,8605],{"class":67},[53,63636,156],{"class":71},[53,63638,19247],{"class":75},[53,63640,156],{"class":71},[53,63642,81],{"class":67},[53,63644,165],{"class":71},[53,63646,21599],{"class":75},[53,63648,156],{"class":71},[53,63650,8618],{"class":67},[20,63652,63653],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[39,63655,63657],{"id":63656},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63659,174,63660,9968],{},[15,63661,24135],{},[193,63663,63664,63672,63681],{},[196,63665,63666,63667,1219,63669],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63668,52011],{},[15,63670,63671],{},"sort()",[196,63673,63674,63675,1219,63677,63680],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63676,35552],{},[15,63678,63679],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[196,63682,63683],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63685,45397,63686,191],{},[15,63687,63679],{},[44,63689,63691],{"className":46,"code":63690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63692,63693,63717,63733,63737,63760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63694,63695,63697,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63696,4353],{"class":59},[53,63698,64],{"class":63},[53,63700,2982],{"class":67},[53,63702,72],{"class":71},[53,63704,12244],{"class":75},[53,63706,72],{"class":71},[53,63708,81],{"class":67},[53,63710,84],{"class":71},[53,63712,35296],{"class":75},[53,63714,72],{"class":71},[53,63716,2995],{"class":67},[53,63718,63719,63721,63723,63725,63727,63729,63731],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63720,4422],{"class":59},[53,63722,64],{"class":63},[53,63724,2982],{"class":67},[53,63726,12861],{"class":273},[53,63728,81],{"class":67},[53,63730,12866],{"class":273},[53,63732,2995],{"class":67},[53,63734,63735],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,63736,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,63738,63739,63741,63743,63745,63747,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,63740,8584],{"class":59},[53,63742,64],{"class":63},[53,63744,21913],{"class":550},[53,63746,116],{"class":67},[53,63748,63749],{"class":131},"zip",[53,63751,116],{"class":67},[53,63753,4397],{"class":112},[53,63755,81],{"class":67},[53,63757,4469],{"class":112},[53,63759,1377],{"class":67},[53,63761,63762,63764,63766,63768],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,63763,132],{"class":131},[53,63765,116],{"class":67},[53,63767,8631],{"class":112},[53,63769,125],{"class":67},[20,63771,772],{},[44,63773,63775],{"className":46,"code":63774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,63776,63777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63778,63779,63781,63783,63785,63787,63789,63791,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63780,21095],{"class":67},[53,63782,156],{"class":71},[53,63784,12244],{"class":75},[53,63786,156],{"class":71},[53,63788,81],{"class":67},[53,63790,19254],{"class":273},[53,63792,8602],{"class":67},[53,63794,8605],{"class":67},[53,63796,156],{"class":71},[53,63798,35296],{"class":75},[53,63800,156],{"class":71},[53,63802,81],{"class":67},[53,63804,12866],{"class":273},[53,63806,8618],{"class":67},[20,63808,63809,63810,63812,63813,37],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,63811,52011],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[464,63814,52408],{"href":52407},[39,63816,834],{"id":833},[20,63818,56133,63819,37],{},[15,63820,24135],{},[599,63822,63824],{"id":63823},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,63826,3883],{},[44,63828,63830],{"className":46,"code":63829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,63831,63832,63836],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63833,63834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63835,3893],{"class":3024},[53,63837,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,63839,7460],{"class":550},[53,63841,116],{"class":67},[53,63843,274],{"class":273},[53,63845,81],{"class":67},[53,63847,279],{"class":273},[53,63849,81],{"class":67},[53,63851,284],{"class":273},[53,63853,125],{"class":67},[20,63855,63856,63858],{},[15,63857,24135],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,63860,808],{},[44,63862,63864],{"className":46,"code":63863,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,63865,63866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63867,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876,63878,63880,63882,63884,63886],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63869,132],{"class":131},[53,63871,116],{"class":67},[53,63873,7460],{"class":550},[53,63875,4871],{"class":67},[53,63877,274],{"class":273},[53,63879,81],{"class":67},[53,63881,279],{"class":273},[53,63883,81],{"class":67},[53,63885,284],{"class":273},[53,63887,2267],{"class":67},[599,63889,63891,63892],{"id":63890},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[53,63893,63894],{},"\"hello\"",[20,63896,63897],{},"This is a common surprise:",[44,63899,63901],{"className":46,"code":63900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,63902,63903],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63904,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63906,132],{"class":131},[53,63908,116],{"class":67},[53,63910,7460],{"class":550},[53,63912,116],{"class":67},[53,63914,72],{"class":71},[53,63916,3206],{"class":75},[53,63918,72],{"class":71},[53,63920,1377],{"class":67},[20,63922,772],{},[44,63924,63926],{"className":46,"code":63925,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,63927,63928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63929,63930,63932,63934,63936,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948,63950,63952,63954,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63931,3260],{"class":67},[53,63933,156],{"class":71},[53,63935,59797],{"class":75},[53,63937,156],{"class":71},[53,63939,81],{"class":67},[53,63941,165],{"class":71},[53,63943,59806],{"class":75},[53,63945,156],{"class":71},[53,63947,81],{"class":67},[53,63949,165],{"class":71},[53,63951,59815],{"class":75},[53,63953,156],{"class":71},[53,63955,81],{"class":67},[53,63957,165],{"class":71},[53,63959,59815],{"class":75},[53,63961,156],{"class":71},[53,63963,81],{"class":67},[53,63965,165],{"class":71},[53,63967,59832],{"class":75},[53,63969,156],{"class":71},[53,63971,2995],{"class":67},[20,63973,63974],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,63976,63977],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[44,63979,63981],{"className":46,"code":63980,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,63982,63983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,63984,63985,63987,63989,63991,63993,63995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,63986,132],{"class":131},[53,63988,2341],{"class":67},[53,63990,72],{"class":71},[53,63992,3206],{"class":75},[53,63994,72],{"class":71},[53,63996,3248],{"class":67},[599,63998,64000],{"id":63999},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64002,64003],{},"This:",[44,64005,64007],{"className":46,"code":64006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64008,64009,64041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64010,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64012,8534],{"class":59},[53,64014,64],{"class":63},[53,64016,68],{"class":67},[53,64018,72],{"class":71},[53,64020,464],{"class":75},[53,64022,72],{"class":71},[53,64024,191],{"class":67},[53,64026,4858],{"class":273},[53,64028,81],{"class":67},[53,64030,84],{"class":71},[53,64032,637],{"class":75},[53,64034,72],{"class":71},[53,64036,191],{"class":67},[53,64038,279],{"class":273},[53,64040,101],{"class":67},[53,64042,64043,64045,64047,64049,64051,64053],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64044,132],{"class":131},[53,64046,116],{"class":67},[53,64048,7460],{"class":550},[53,64050,116],{"class":67},[53,64052,8573],{"class":112},[53,64054,1377],{"class":67},[20,64056,64057],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64059,174,64060,64063],{},[15,64061,64062],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[599,64065,64067],{"id":64066},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64069,64070,64072],{},[15,64071,24135],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64074,64075],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[39,64077,1187],{"id":1186},[599,64079,4538,64081,64083],{"id":64080},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[53,64082],{}," and list()?",[20,64085,64086,64087,64089,64090,64092],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64088,3147],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64091,24135],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[599,64094,64096],{"id":64095},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64098,64099,64100,64102],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64101,24135],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[599,64104,64106],{"id":64105},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64108,64109],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[599,64111,64113],{"id":64112},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64115,64116],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[599,64118,64120],{"id":64119},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64122,64123,64124,64126],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64125,24135],{}," cannot loop through it.",[39,64128,1244],{"id":1243},[193,64130,64131,64135,64140,64144,64148,64152,64156,64161],{},[196,64132,64133],{},[464,64134,52130],{"href":50338},[196,64136,64137],{},[464,64138,64139],{"href":35549},"Python range() function explained",[196,64141,64142],{},[464,64143,62577],{"href":62576},[196,64145,64146],{},[464,64147,62909],{"href":62908},[196,64149,64150],{},[464,64151,4575],{"href":4947},[196,64153,64154],{},[464,64155,13150],{"href":13149},[196,64157,64158],{},[464,64159,64160],{"href":51958},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[196,64162,64163],{},[464,64164,53637],{"href":52407},[1276,64166,64167],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":64169},[64170,64171,64172,64173,64174,64181,64182,64183,64188,64189,64196,64204],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":62279,"depth":104,"text":62280},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":58978,"depth":104,"text":58979},{"id":62507,"depth":104,"text":62508,"children":64175},[64176,64177,64178,64179,64180],{"id":62511,"depth":128,"text":62512},{"id":62580,"depth":128,"text":62581},{"id":62658,"depth":128,"text":62659},{"id":62733,"depth":128,"text":62734},{"id":62800,"depth":128,"text":62801},{"id":62912,"depth":104,"text":62913},{"id":63048,"depth":104,"text":63049},{"id":63348,"depth":104,"text":63349,"children":64184},[64185,64186,64187],{"id":63357,"depth":128,"text":63358},{"id":63447,"depth":128,"text":63448},{"id":63541,"depth":128,"text":63542},{"id":63656,"depth":104,"text":63657},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":64190},[64191,64192,64194,64195],{"id":63823,"depth":128,"text":63824},{"id":63890,"depth":128,"text":64193},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":63999,"depth":128,"text":64000},{"id":64066,"depth":128,"text":64067},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":64197},[64198,64200,64201,64202,64203],{"id":64080,"depth":128,"text":64199},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64095,"depth":128,"text":64096},{"id":64105,"depth":128,"text":64106},{"id":64112,"depth":128,"text":64113},{"id":64119,"depth":128,"text":64120},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62113,"description":64205},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64212,"title":64213,"body":64214,"description":65564,"extension":1312,"meta":65565,"navigation":383,"path":65566,"seo":65567,"stem":65568,"__hash__":65569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64215,"toc":65538},[64216,64221,64227,64236,64238,64311,64320,64325,64329,64345,64349,64351,64353,64372,64375,64403,64406,64431,64439,64441,64446,64453,64455,64512,64514,64522,64528,64532,64535,64608,64610,64618,64621,64643,64650,64656,64660,64666,64737,64739,64747,64756,64763,64770,64778,64922,64924,64941,64944,64983,64986,64990,64995,64997,65056,65062,65065,65172,65174,65189,65192,65199,65201,65205,65353,65356,65417,65420,65423,65444,65449,65453,65464,65467,65469,65474,65477,65485,65490,65496,65499,65505,65513,65515,65535],[10,64217,53701,64219,18],{"id":64218},"python-list-index-method",[15,64220,58326],{},[20,64222,64223,64226],{},[15,64224,64225],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64228,64229,64230,64233,64234,37],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[30,64231,64232],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64235,40058],{},[39,64237,2968],{"id":2967},[44,64239,64241],{"className":46,"code":64240,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64242,64243,64275,64298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64244,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64246,7144],{"class":59},[53,64248,64],{"class":63},[53,64250,2982],{"class":67},[53,64252,72],{"class":71},[53,64254,356],{"class":75},[53,64256,72],{"class":71},[53,64258,81],{"class":67},[53,64260,84],{"class":71},[53,64262,365],{"class":75},[53,64264,72],{"class":71},[53,64266,81],{"class":67},[53,64268,84],{"class":71},[53,64270,3456],{"class":75},[53,64272,72],{"class":71},[53,64274,2995],{"class":67},[53,64276,64277,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64278,64279],{"class":59},"position ",[53,64281,64],{"class":63},[53,64283,5327],{"class":59},[53,64285,37],{"class":67},[53,64287,35201],{"class":112},[53,64289,116],{"class":67},[53,64291,72],{"class":71},[53,64293,365],{"class":75},[53,64295,72],{"class":71},[53,64297,125],{"class":67},[53,64299,64300,64302,64304,64307,64309],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,64301,132],{"class":131},[53,64303,116],{"class":67},[53,64305,64306],{"class":112},"position",[53,64308,3021],{"class":67},[53,64310,27135],{"class":3024},[20,64312,174,64313,64316,64317,64319],{},[15,64314,64315],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64318,40058],{}," if the item is not found.",[39,64321,183,64323,186],{"id":64322},"what-listindex-does",[15,64324,64225],{},[20,64326,64327,191],{},[15,64328,64225],{},[193,64330,64331,64334,64337,64342],{},[196,64332,64333],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[196,64335,64336],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[196,64338,64339,64340],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64341,1470],{},[196,64343,64344],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64346,53926,64347,37],{},[464,64348,52130],{"href":53929},[39,64350,217],{"id":216},[20,64352,30078],{},[44,64354,64356],{"className":46,"code":64355,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64357,64358],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64359,64360,64362,64364,64366,64368,64370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64361,7706],{"class":59},[53,64363,37],{"class":67},[53,64365,35201],{"class":112},[53,64367,116],{"class":67},[53,64369,236],{"class":112},[53,64371,125],{"class":67},[20,64373,64374],{},"You can also limit the search:",[44,64376,64378],{"className":46,"code":64377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64379,64380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64381,64382,64384,64386,64388,64390,64392,64394,64396,64398,64401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64383,7706],{"class":59},[53,64385,37],{"class":67},[53,64387,35201],{"class":112},[53,64389,116],{"class":67},[53,64391,236],{"class":112},[53,64393,81],{"class":67},[53,64395,35407],{"class":112},[53,64397,81],{"class":67},[53,64399,64400],{"class":112}," end",[53,64402,125],{"class":67},[20,64404,64405],{},"Here is what each part means:",[193,64407,64408,64413,64418,64423],{},[196,64409,64410,64412],{},[15,64411,236],{},": the item to search for",[196,64414,64415,64417],{},[15,64416,35428],{},": where the search begins",[196,64419,64420,64422],{},[15,64421,52019],{},": where the search stops",[196,64424,64425,4141,64427,64430],{},[15,64426,52019],{},[30,64428,64429],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64432,64433,64434,64436,64437,37],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64435,35428],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64438,52019],{},[39,64440,37373],{"id":37372},[20,64442,64443,64445],{},[15,64444,64225],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64447,64448,64449,64452],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[30,64450,64451],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64454,1559],{},[44,64456,64458],{"className":46,"code":64457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64459,64460,64480,64498,64502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64461,64462,64464,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474,64476,64478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64463,266],{"class":59},[53,64465,64],{"class":63},[53,64467,2982],{"class":67},[53,64469,1684],{"class":273},[53,64471,81],{"class":67},[53,64473,7155],{"class":273},[53,64475,81],{"class":67},[53,64477,7160],{"class":273},[53,64479,2995],{"class":67},[53,64481,64482,64484,64486,64488,64490,64492,64494,64496],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64483,1582],{"class":59},[53,64485,64],{"class":63},[53,64487,3622],{"class":59},[53,64489,37],{"class":67},[53,64491,35201],{"class":112},[53,64493,116],{"class":67},[53,64495,15114],{"class":273},[53,64497,125],{"class":67},[53,64499,64500],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,64501,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,64503,64504,64506,64508,64510],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,64505,132],{"class":131},[53,64507,116],{"class":67},[53,64509,1617],{"class":112},[53,64511,125],{"class":67},[20,64513,772],{},[44,64515,64516],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,64517,64518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64519,64520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64521,46274],{"class":273},[20,64523,64524,64525,64527],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64526,58326],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[39,64529,64531],{"id":64530},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64533,64534],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[44,64536,64538],{"className":46,"code":64537,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64539,64540,64572,64594,64598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64541,64542,64544,64546,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568,64570],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64543,347],{"class":59},[53,64545,64],{"class":63},[53,64547,2982],{"class":67},[53,64549,72],{"class":71},[53,64551,356],{"class":75},[53,64553,72],{"class":71},[53,64555,81],{"class":67},[53,64557,84],{"class":71},[53,64559,365],{"class":75},[53,64561,72],{"class":71},[53,64563,81],{"class":67},[53,64565,84],{"class":71},[53,64567,3456],{"class":75},[53,64569,72],{"class":71},[53,64571,2995],{"class":67},[53,64573,64574,64576,64578,64580,64582,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64575,64279],{"class":59},[53,64577,64],{"class":63},[53,64579,52210],{"class":59},[53,64581,37],{"class":67},[53,64583,35201],{"class":112},[53,64585,116],{"class":67},[53,64587,72],{"class":71},[53,64589,3456],{"class":75},[53,64591,72],{"class":71},[53,64593,125],{"class":67},[53,64595,64596],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,64597,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,64599,64600,64602,64604,64606],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,64601,132],{"class":131},[53,64603,116],{"class":67},[53,64605,64306],{"class":112},[53,64607,125],{"class":67},[20,64609,772],{},[44,64611,64612],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,64613,64614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64615,64616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64617,16415],{"class":273},[20,64619,64620],{},"In this list:",[193,64622,64623,64630,64636],{},[196,64624,64625,64627,64628],{},[15,64626,57191],{}," is at index ",[15,64629,1470],{},[196,64631,64632,64627,64634],{},[15,64633,454],{},[15,64635,274],{},[196,64637,64638,64627,64641],{},[15,64639,64640],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64642,300],{},[20,64644,53012,64645,1751,64648,37],{},[15,64646,64647],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64649,300],{},[20,64651,50902,64652,37],{},[464,64653,64655],{"href":64654},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[39,64657,64659],{"id":64658},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64661,64662,64663,64665],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64664,58326],{}," returns the first match only.",[44,64667,64669],{"className":46,"code":64668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64670,64671,64711,64715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64672,64673,64675,64677,64679,64681,64683,64685,64687,64689,64691,64693,64695,64697,64699,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64674,60],{"class":59},[53,64676,64],{"class":63},[53,64678,2982],{"class":67},[53,64680,72],{"class":71},[53,64682,76],{"class":75},[53,64684,72],{"class":71},[53,64686,81],{"class":67},[53,64688,84],{"class":71},[53,64690,87],{"class":75},[53,64692,72],{"class":71},[53,64694,81],{"class":67},[53,64696,84],{"class":71},[53,64698,76],{"class":75},[53,64700,72],{"class":71},[53,64702,81],{"class":67},[53,64704,84],{"class":71},[53,64706,96],{"class":75},[53,64708,72],{"class":71},[53,64710,2995],{"class":67},[53,64712,64713],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64714,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,64716,64717,64719,64721,64723,64725,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,64718,132],{"class":131},[53,64720,116],{"class":67},[53,64722,107],{"class":112},[53,64724,37],{"class":67},[53,64726,35201],{"class":112},[53,64728,116],{"class":67},[53,64730,72],{"class":71},[53,64732,76],{"class":75},[53,64734,72],{"class":71},[53,64736,1377],{"class":67},[20,64738,772],{},[44,64740,64741],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,64742,64743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64744,64745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64746,46609],{"class":273},[20,64748,20334,64749,64752,64753,64755],{},[15,64750,64751],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64754,1470],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64757,64758,64759,37],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[464,64760,54878,64761,830],{"href":58385},[15,64762,56648],{},[39,64764,7785,64766,594,64768],{"id":64765},"using-start-and-end",[15,64767,35428],{},[15,64769,52019],{},[20,64771,64772,64773,594,64775,64777],{},"The optional ",[15,64774,35428],{},[15,64776,52019],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[44,64779,64781],{"className":46,"code":64780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,64782,64783,64831,64835,64860,64889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64784,64785,64787,64789,64791,64793,64795,64797,64799,64801,64803,64805,64807,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64786,620],{"class":59},[53,64788,64],{"class":63},[53,64790,2982],{"class":67},[53,64792,72],{"class":71},[53,64794,464],{"class":75},[53,64796,72],{"class":71},[53,64798,81],{"class":67},[53,64800,84],{"class":71},[53,64802,637],{"class":75},[53,64804,72],{"class":71},[53,64806,81],{"class":67},[53,64808,84],{"class":71},[53,64810,646],{"class":75},[53,64812,72],{"class":71},[53,64814,81],{"class":67},[53,64816,84],{"class":71},[53,64818,637],{"class":75},[53,64820,72],{"class":71},[53,64822,81],{"class":67},[53,64824,84],{"class":71},[53,64826,666],{"class":75},[53,64828,72],{"class":71},[53,64830,2995],{"class":67},[53,64832,64833],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64834,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,64836,64837,64839,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,64838,132],{"class":131},[53,64840,116],{"class":67},[53,64842,655],{"class":112},[53,64844,37],{"class":67},[53,64846,35201],{"class":112},[53,64848,116],{"class":67},[53,64850,72],{"class":71},[53,64852,637],{"class":75},[53,64854,72],{"class":71},[53,64856,4721],{"class":67},[53,64858,64859],{"class":3024},"        # first match\n",[53,64861,64862,64864,64866,64868,64870,64872,64874,64876,64878,64880,64882,64884,64886],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,64863,132],{"class":131},[53,64865,116],{"class":67},[53,64867,655],{"class":112},[53,64869,37],{"class":67},[53,64871,35201],{"class":112},[53,64873,116],{"class":67},[53,64875,72],{"class":71},[53,64877,637],{"class":75},[53,64879,72],{"class":71},[53,64881,81],{"class":67},[53,64883,279],{"class":273},[53,64885,4721],{"class":67},[53,64887,64888],{"class":3024},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[53,64890,64891,64893,64895,64897,64899,64901,64903,64905,64907,64909,64911,64913,64915,64917,64919],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,64892,132],{"class":131},[53,64894,116],{"class":67},[53,64896,655],{"class":112},[53,64898,37],{"class":67},[53,64900,35201],{"class":112},[53,64902,116],{"class":67},[53,64904,72],{"class":71},[53,64906,637],{"class":75},[53,64908,72],{"class":71},[53,64910,81],{"class":67},[53,64912,4858],{"class":273},[53,64914,81],{"class":67},[53,64916,1811],{"class":273},[53,64918,4721],{"class":67},[53,64920,64921],{"class":3024},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,64923,772],{},[44,64925,64927],{"className":46,"code":64926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,64928,64929,64933,64937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,64930,64931],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,64932,46274],{"class":273},[53,64934,64935],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,64936,45974],{"class":273},[53,64938,64939],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,64940,46274],{"class":273},[20,64942,64943],{},"How this works:",[193,64945,64946,64958,64971],{},[196,64947,64948,64951,64952,64955,64956],{},[15,64949,64950],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,64953,64954],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,64957,274],{},[196,64959,64960,64963,64964,64966,64967,64955,64969],{},[15,64961,64962],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,64965,300],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,64968,64954],{},[15,64970,1412],{},[196,64972,64973,64976,64977,1540,64979,16431,64981],{},[15,64974,64975],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,64978,274],{},[15,64980,300],{},[15,64982,1412],{},[20,64984,64985],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[39,64987,64989],{"id":64988},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,64991,64992,64993,37],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64994,40058],{},[20,64996,1559],{},[44,64998,65000],{"className":46,"code":64999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65001,65002,65034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65003,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012,65014,65016,65018,65020,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65005,7144],{"class":59},[53,65007,64],{"class":63},[53,65009,2982],{"class":67},[53,65011,72],{"class":71},[53,65013,356],{"class":75},[53,65015,72],{"class":71},[53,65017,81],{"class":67},[53,65019,84],{"class":71},[53,65021,365],{"class":75},[53,65023,72],{"class":71},[53,65025,81],{"class":67},[53,65027,84],{"class":71},[53,65029,3456],{"class":75},[53,65031,72],{"class":71},[53,65033,2995],{"class":67},[53,65035,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65037,132],{"class":131},[53,65039,116],{"class":67},[53,65041,7175],{"class":112},[53,65043,37],{"class":67},[53,65045,35201],{"class":112},[53,65047,116],{"class":67},[53,65049,72],{"class":71},[53,65051,374],{"class":75},[53,65053,72],{"class":71},[53,65055,1377],{"class":67},[20,65057,39007,65058,65061],{},[15,65059,65060],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65063,65064],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[44,65066,65068],{"className":46,"code":65067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65069,65070,65102,65115,65119,65132,65151,65157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65071,65072,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094,65096,65098,65100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65073,7144],{"class":59},[53,65075,64],{"class":63},[53,65077,2982],{"class":67},[53,65079,72],{"class":71},[53,65081,356],{"class":75},[53,65083,72],{"class":71},[53,65085,81],{"class":67},[53,65087,84],{"class":71},[53,65089,365],{"class":75},[53,65091,72],{"class":71},[53,65093,81],{"class":67},[53,65095,84],{"class":71},[53,65097,3456],{"class":75},[53,65099,72],{"class":71},[53,65101,2995],{"class":67},[53,65103,65104,65107,65109,65111,65113],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65105,65106],{"class":59},"search_value ",[53,65108,64],{"class":63},[53,65110,84],{"class":71},[53,65112,374],{"class":75},[53,65114,2715],{"class":71},[53,65116,65117],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,65118,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,65120,65121,65123,65126,65128,65130],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,65122,1106],{"class":1105},[53,65124,65125],{"class":59}," search_value ",[53,65127,1067],{"class":63},[53,65129,5327],{"class":59},[53,65131,1120],{"class":67},[53,65133,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65149],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,65135,7435],{"class":131},[53,65137,116],{"class":67},[53,65139,7175],{"class":112},[53,65141,37],{"class":67},[53,65143,35201],{"class":112},[53,65145,116],{"class":67},[53,65147,65148],{"class":112},"search_value",[53,65150,1377],{"class":67},[53,65152,65153,65155],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,65154,26789],{"class":1105},[53,65156,1120],{"class":67},[53,65158,65159,65161,65163,65165,65168,65170],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,65160,7435],{"class":131},[53,65162,116],{"class":67},[53,65164,72],{"class":71},[53,65166,65167],{"class":75},"Item not found",[53,65169,72],{"class":71},[53,65171,125],{"class":67},[20,65173,772],{},[44,65175,65177],{"className":46,"code":65176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Item not found\n",[15,65178,65179],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65180,65181,65184,65186],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65182,65183],{"class":59},"Item ",[53,65185,461],{"class":63},[53,65187,65188],{"class":59}," found\n",[20,65190,65191],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65193,65194,65195,37],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[464,65196,65198],{"href":65197},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[39,65200,834],{"id":833},[20,65202,20567,65203,191],{},[15,65204,64225],{},[193,65206,65207,65225,65237,65297],{},[196,65208,25129,65209,1751,65211,65214,65215,65217,65218,4520,65220,65222,65223,37],{},[15,65210,58326],{},[15,65212,65213],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9213,65216],{},"\nPython does ",[30,65219,461],{},[15,65221,65213],{},". It raises ",[15,65224,40058],{},[196,65226,65227,65228,65230,65233,65234,65236],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9213,65229],{},[15,65231,65232],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65235,454],{},", not the value itself.",[196,65238,7785,65239,10458,65242,65244,65246,65247,941,65249,65272,852,65274],{},[15,65240,65241],{},"index[]",[15,65243,58326],{},[9213,65245],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9213,65248],{},[44,65250,65252],{"className":46,"code":65251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65253,65254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65255,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65257,7175],{"class":59},[53,65259,37],{"class":67},[53,65261,35201],{"class":112},[53,65263,116],{"class":67},[53,65265,72],{"class":71},[53,65267,365],{"class":75},[53,65269,72],{"class":71},[53,65271,125],{"class":67},[9213,65273],{},[44,65275,65277],{"className":46,"code":65276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65278,65279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65280,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291,65293,65295],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65282,7175],{"class":59},[53,65284,37],{"class":67},[53,65286,35201],{"class":24104},[53,65288,3260],{"class":67},[53,65290,72],{"class":71},[53,65292,365],{"class":75},[53,65294,72],{"class":71},[53,65296,2995],{"class":67},[196,65298,65299,65300,65302,594,65305,65307,65308],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9213,65301],{},[15,65303,65304],{},"\"3\"",[15,65306,1412],{}," are different values in Python.",[44,65309,65311],{"className":46,"code":65310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65312,65313,65333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65314,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65316,266],{"class":59},[53,65318,64],{"class":63},[53,65320,2982],{"class":67},[53,65322,274],{"class":273},[53,65324,81],{"class":67},[53,65326,279],{"class":273},[53,65328,81],{"class":67},[53,65330,284],{"class":273},[53,65332,2995],{"class":67},[53,65334,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65336,132],{"class":131},[53,65338,116],{"class":67},[53,65340,72],{"class":71},[53,65342,1412],{"class":75},[53,65344,72],{"class":71},[53,65346,1115],{"class":1105},[53,65348,3622],{"class":112},[53,65350,3021],{"class":67},[53,65352,4129],{"class":3024},[20,65354,65355],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[44,65357,65359],{"className":46,"code":65358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65360,65361,65371,65385,65399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65362,65363,65365,65367,65369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65364,132],{"class":131},[53,65366,116],{"class":67},[53,65368,7706],{"class":112},[53,65370,125],{"class":67},[53,65372,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65374,132],{"class":131},[53,65376,116],{"class":67},[53,65378,2578],{"class":550},[53,65380,116],{"class":67},[53,65382,65148],{"class":112},[53,65384,1377],{"class":67},[53,65386,65387,65389,65391,65393,65395,65397],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,65388,132],{"class":131},[53,65390,116],{"class":67},[53,65392,65106],{"class":112},[53,65394,1067],{"class":1105},[53,65396,7763],{"class":112},[53,65398,125],{"class":67},[53,65400,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65411,65413,65415],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,65402,132],{"class":131},[53,65404,116],{"class":67},[53,65406,7706],{"class":112},[53,65408,37],{"class":67},[53,65410,35201],{"class":112},[53,65412,116],{"class":67},[53,65414,65148],{"class":112},[53,65416,1377],{"class":67},[20,65418,65419],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65421,65422],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[193,65424,65425,65428,65435,65441],{},[196,65426,65427],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[196,65429,65430,65431,10458,65433],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65432,65304],{},[15,65434,1412],{},[196,65436,65437,65438,65440],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65439,58326],{}," returns only the first one",[196,65442,65443],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[39,65445,4319,65447],{"id":65446},"when-to-use-index",[15,65448,58326],{},[20,65450,174,65451,9968],{},[15,65452,58326],{},[193,65454,65455,65458,65461],{},[196,65456,65457],{},"You need the position of a known value",[196,65459,65460],{},"You are working with a small list",[196,65462,65463],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65465,65466],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[39,65468,1187],{"id":1186},[599,65470,4501,65472,4504],{"id":65471},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65473,64225],{},[20,65475,65476],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[599,65478,1191,65480,4520,65482,65484],{"id":65479},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65481,64225],{},[15,65483,65213],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65486,65487,65488,5994],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65489,40058],{},[599,65491,1234,65493,65495],{"id":65492},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65494,64225],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65497,65498],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[599,65500,65502,65503,1222],{"id":65501},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65504,58326],{},[20,65506,65507,65508,594,65510,65512],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65509,35428],{},[15,65511,52019],{}," arguments.",[39,65514,1244],{"id":1243},[193,65516,65517,65521,65525,65529],{},[196,65518,65519],{},[464,65520,58314],{"href":64654},[196,65522,65523],{},[464,65524,52130],{"href":53929},[196,65526,65527],{},[464,65528,65198],{"href":65197},[196,65530,65531],{},[464,65532,54878,65533,830],{"href":58385},[15,65534,56648],{},[1276,65536,65537],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":65539},[65540,65541,65543,65544,65545,65546,65547,65549,65550,65551,65553,65563],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":64322,"depth":104,"text":65542},"What list.index() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":37372,"depth":104,"text":37373},{"id":64530,"depth":104,"text":64531},{"id":64658,"depth":104,"text":64659},{"id":64765,"depth":104,"text":65548},"Using start and end",{"id":64988,"depth":104,"text":64989},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834},{"id":65446,"depth":104,"text":65552},"When to use index()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":65554},[65555,65557,65559,65561],{"id":65471,"depth":128,"text":65556},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65479,"depth":128,"text":65558},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65492,"depth":128,"text":65560},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65501,"depth":128,"text":65562},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64213,"description":65564},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65571,"title":65572,"body":65573,"description":67515,"extension":1312,"meta":67516,"navigation":383,"path":67517,"seo":67518,"stem":67519,"__hash__":67520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65574,"toc":67475},[65575,65580,65585,65588,65597,65654,65660,65665,65669,65683,65689,65691,65714,65731,65733,65794,65796,65828,65841,65843,65846,65946,65948,66026,66032,66036,66044,66048,66054,66109,66111,66135,66139,66142,66195,66197,66221,66225,66228,66281,66283,66307,66311,66317,66388,66390,66431,66437,66444,66447,66452,66460,66465,66473,66475,66572,66574,66643,66650,66655,66657,66661,66666,66668,66739,66741,66770,66776,66778,66805,66808,66831,66835,66838,66860,66863,66886,66888,66948,66950,66982,66988,66993,67046,67048,67073,67076,67125,67127,67148,67152,67157,67160,67215,67217,67244,67251,67255,67260,67331,67334,67348,67353,67358,67360,67374,67386,67391,67393,67398,67403,67407,67410,67416,67422,67429,67437,67439,67472],[10,65576,53701,65578,18],{"id":65577},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65579,53627],{},[20,65581,65582,65584],{},[15,65583,53270],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65586,65587],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65589,174,65590,65592,65593,37],{},[15,65591,53627],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[464,65594,54878,65595,830],{"href":56126},[15,65596,52011],{},[44,65598,65600],{"className":46,"code":65599,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65601,65602,65622,65640,65650],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65603,65604,65606,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65605,266],{"class":59},[53,65607,64],{"class":63},[53,65609,2982],{"class":67},[53,65611,274],{"class":273},[53,65613,81],{"class":67},[53,65615,279],{"class":273},[53,65617,81],{"class":67},[53,65619,1811],{"class":273},[53,65621,2995],{"class":67},[53,65623,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636,65638],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65625,291],{"class":59},[53,65627,37],{"class":67},[53,65629,53310],{"class":112},[53,65631,116],{"class":67},[53,65633,300],{"class":273},[53,65635,81],{"class":67},[53,65637,284],{"class":273},[53,65639,125],{"class":67},[53,65641,65642,65644,65646,65648],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,65643,132],{"class":131},[53,65645,116],{"class":67},[53,65647,291],{"class":112},[53,65649,125],{"class":67},[53,65651,65652],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,65653,52082],{"class":3024},[20,65655,174,65656,65659],{},[15,65657,65658],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[39,65661,183,65663,186],{"id":65662},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65664,53270],{},[20,65666,65667,191],{},[15,65668,53270],{},[193,65670,65671,65674,65677,65679],{},[196,65672,65673],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[196,65675,65676],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[196,65678,53787],{},[196,65680,10789,65681],{},[15,65682,849],{},[20,65684,65685,65686,65688],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65687,53627],{}," does not create a new list.",[39,65690,4791],{"id":4790},[44,65692,65694],{"className":46,"code":65693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65695,65696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65697,65698,65700,65702,65704,65706,65708,65710,65712],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65699,7706],{"class":59},[53,65701,37],{"class":67},[53,65703,53310],{"class":112},[53,65705,116],{"class":67},[53,65707,35201],{"class":112},[53,65709,81],{"class":67},[53,65711,28863],{"class":112},[53,65713,125],{"class":67},[193,65715,65716,65721,65726],{},[196,65717,65718,65720],{},[15,65719,35201],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[196,65722,65723,65725],{},[15,65724,22664],{}," is the value to add",[196,65727,65728,65729],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65730,1470],{},[20,65732,1559],{},[44,65734,65736],{"className":46,"code":65735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65737,65738,65762,65784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65739,65740,65742,65744,65746,65748,65750,65752,65754,65756,65758,65760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65741,620],{"class":59},[53,65743,64],{"class":63},[53,65745,2982],{"class":67},[53,65747,72],{"class":71},[53,65749,464],{"class":75},[53,65751,72],{"class":71},[53,65753,81],{"class":67},[53,65755,84],{"class":71},[53,65757,646],{"class":75},[53,65759,72],{"class":71},[53,65761,2995],{"class":67},[53,65763,65764,65766,65768,65770,65772,65774,65776,65778,65780,65782],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65765,655],{"class":59},[53,65767,37],{"class":67},[53,65769,53310],{"class":112},[53,65771,116],{"class":67},[53,65773,274],{"class":273},[53,65775,81],{"class":67},[53,65777,84],{"class":71},[53,65779,637],{"class":75},[53,65781,72],{"class":71},[53,65783,125],{"class":67},[53,65785,65786,65788,65790,65792],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,65787,132],{"class":131},[53,65789,116],{"class":67},[53,65791,655],{"class":112},[53,65793,125],{"class":67},[20,65795,772],{},[44,65797,65798],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,65799,65800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65801,65802,65804,65806,65808,65810,65812,65814,65816,65818,65820,65822,65824,65826],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65803,3260],{"class":67},[53,65805,156],{"class":71},[53,65807,464],{"class":75},[53,65809,156],{"class":71},[53,65811,81],{"class":67},[53,65813,165],{"class":71},[53,65815,637],{"class":75},[53,65817,156],{"class":71},[53,65819,81],{"class":67},[53,65821,165],{"class":71},[53,65823,646],{"class":75},[53,65825,156],{"class":71},[53,65827,2995],{"class":67},[20,65829,20127,65830,65832,65833,65835,65836,594,65838,37],{},[15,65831,64954],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,65834,274],{},", so it appears between ",[15,65837,17454],{},[15,65839,65840],{},"\"c\"",[39,65842,5148],{"id":5147},[20,65844,65845],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[44,65847,65849],{"className":46,"code":65848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,65850,65851,65883,65901,65905,65927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65852,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65865,65867,65869,65871,65873,65875,65877,65879,65881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65854,60],{"class":59},[53,65856,64],{"class":63},[53,65858,2982],{"class":67},[53,65860,72],{"class":71},[53,65862,76],{"class":75},[53,65864,72],{"class":71},[53,65866,81],{"class":67},[53,65868,84],{"class":71},[53,65870,87],{"class":75},[53,65872,72],{"class":71},[53,65874,81],{"class":67},[53,65876,84],{"class":71},[53,65878,96],{"class":75},[53,65880,72],{"class":71},[53,65882,2995],{"class":67},[53,65884,65885,65887,65889,65891,65893,65895,65897,65899],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65886,132],{"class":131},[53,65888,116],{"class":67},[53,65890,72],{"class":71},[53,65892,10928],{"class":75},[53,65894,72],{"class":71},[53,65896,81],{"class":67},[53,65898,899],{"class":112},[53,65900,125],{"class":67},[53,65902,65903],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,65904,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,65906,65907,65909,65911,65913,65915,65917,65919,65921,65923,65925],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,65908,107],{"class":59},[53,65910,37],{"class":67},[53,65912,53310],{"class":112},[53,65914,116],{"class":67},[53,65916,274],{"class":273},[53,65918,81],{"class":67},[53,65920,84],{"class":71},[53,65922,531],{"class":75},[53,65924,72],{"class":71},[53,65926,125],{"class":67},[53,65928,65929,65931,65933,65935,65938,65940,65942,65944],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,65930,132],{"class":131},[53,65932,116],{"class":67},[53,65934,72],{"class":71},[53,65936,65937],{"class":75},"After: ",[53,65939,72],{"class":71},[53,65941,81],{"class":67},[53,65943,899],{"class":112},[53,65945,125],{"class":67},[20,65947,772],{},[44,65949,65951],{"className":46,"code":65950,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,65952,65953,65985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,65954,65955,65957,65959,65961,65963,65965,65967,65969,65971,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,65956,10988],{"class":59},[53,65958,191],{"class":67},[53,65960,2982],{"class":67},[53,65962,156],{"class":71},[53,65964,76],{"class":75},[53,65966,156],{"class":71},[53,65968,81],{"class":67},[53,65970,165],{"class":71},[53,65972,87],{"class":75},[53,65974,156],{"class":71},[53,65976,81],{"class":67},[53,65978,165],{"class":71},[53,65980,96],{"class":75},[53,65982,156],{"class":71},[53,65984,2995],{"class":67},[53,65986,65987,65989,65991,65994,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018,66020,66022,66024],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,65988,11041],{"class":59},[53,65990,191],{"class":67},[53,65992,65993],{"class":67},"  [",[53,65995,156],{"class":71},[53,65997,76],{"class":75},[53,65999,156],{"class":71},[53,66001,81],{"class":67},[53,66003,165],{"class":71},[53,66005,531],{"class":75},[53,66007,156],{"class":71},[53,66009,81],{"class":67},[53,66011,165],{"class":71},[53,66013,87],{"class":75},[53,66015,156],{"class":71},[53,66017,81],{"class":67},[53,66019,165],{"class":71},[53,66021,96],{"class":75},[53,66023,156],{"class":71},[53,66025,2995],{"class":67},[20,66027,66028,66029,66031],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66030,274],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[39,66033,66035],{"id":66034},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66037,1329,66038,34684,66040,66043],{},[15,66039,35201],{},[15,66041,66042],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[599,66045,66047],{"id":66046},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66049,66050,66051,66053],{},"Use index ",[15,66052,1470],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[44,66055,66057],{"className":46,"code":66056,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66058,66059,66080,66099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66060,66061,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66062,66063],{"class":59},"nums ",[53,66065,64],{"class":63},[53,66067,2982],{"class":67},[53,66069,300],{"class":273},[53,66071,81],{"class":67},[53,66073,284],{"class":273},[53,66075,81],{"class":67},[53,66077,1811],{"class":273},[53,66079,2995],{"class":67},[53,66081,66082,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66083,66084],{"class":59},"nums",[53,66086,37],{"class":67},[53,66088,53310],{"class":112},[53,66090,116],{"class":67},[53,66092,1470],{"class":273},[53,66094,81],{"class":67},[53,66096,4858],{"class":273},[53,66098,125],{"class":67},[53,66100,66101,66103,66105,66107],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66102,132],{"class":131},[53,66104,116],{"class":67},[53,66106,66084],{"class":112},[53,66108,125],{"class":67},[20,66110,772],{},[44,66112,66113],{"className":46,"code":52864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66114,66115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66116,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66118,3260],{"class":67},[53,66120,274],{"class":273},[53,66122,81],{"class":67},[53,66124,279],{"class":273},[53,66126,81],{"class":67},[53,66128,284],{"class":273},[53,66130,81],{"class":67},[53,66132,1811],{"class":273},[53,66134,2995],{"class":67},[599,66136,66138],{"id":66137},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66140,66141],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[44,66143,66145],{"className":46,"code":66144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66146,66147,66167,66185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66148,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161,66163,66165],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66150,66063],{"class":59},[53,66152,64],{"class":63},[53,66154,2982],{"class":67},[53,66156,274],{"class":273},[53,66158,81],{"class":67},[53,66160,279],{"class":273},[53,66162,81],{"class":67},[53,66164,1811],{"class":273},[53,66166,2995],{"class":67},[53,66168,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66170,66084],{"class":59},[53,66172,37],{"class":67},[53,66174,53310],{"class":112},[53,66176,116],{"class":67},[53,66178,300],{"class":273},[53,66180,81],{"class":67},[53,66182,284],{"class":273},[53,66184,125],{"class":67},[53,66186,66187,66189,66191,66193],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66188,132],{"class":131},[53,66190,116],{"class":67},[53,66192,66084],{"class":112},[53,66194,125],{"class":67},[20,66196,772],{},[44,66198,66199],{"className":46,"code":52864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66200,66201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66202,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66204,3260],{"class":67},[53,66206,274],{"class":273},[53,66208,81],{"class":67},[53,66210,279],{"class":273},[53,66212,81],{"class":67},[53,66214,284],{"class":273},[53,66216,81],{"class":67},[53,66218,1811],{"class":273},[53,66220,2995],{"class":67},[599,66222,66224],{"id":66223},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66226,66227],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[44,66229,66231],{"className":46,"code":66230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66232,66233,66253,66271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66234,66235,66237,66239,66241,66243,66245,66247,66249,66251],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66236,66063],{"class":59},[53,66238,64],{"class":63},[53,66240,2982],{"class":67},[53,66242,274],{"class":273},[53,66244,81],{"class":67},[53,66246,279],{"class":273},[53,66248,81],{"class":67},[53,66250,284],{"class":273},[53,66252,2995],{"class":67},[53,66254,66255,66257,66259,66261,66263,66265,66267,66269],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66256,66084],{"class":59},[53,66258,37],{"class":67},[53,66260,53310],{"class":112},[53,66262,116],{"class":67},[53,66264,1684],{"class":273},[53,66266,81],{"class":67},[53,66268,1811],{"class":273},[53,66270,125],{"class":67},[53,66272,66273,66275,66277,66279],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66274,132],{"class":131},[53,66276,116],{"class":67},[53,66278,66084],{"class":112},[53,66280,125],{"class":67},[20,66282,772],{},[44,66284,66285],{"className":46,"code":52864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66286,66287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66288,66289,66291,66293,66295,66297,66299,66301,66303,66305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66290,3260],{"class":67},[53,66292,274],{"class":273},[53,66294,81],{"class":67},[53,66296,279],{"class":273},[53,66298,81],{"class":67},[53,66300,284],{"class":273},[53,66302,81],{"class":67},[53,66304,1811],{"class":273},[53,66306,2995],{"class":67},[599,66308,66310],{"id":66309},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66312,66313,66314,66316],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66315,53627],{}," places the item before that position.",[44,66318,66320],{"className":46,"code":66319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66321,66322,66354,66378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66323,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336,66338,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66325,620],{"class":59},[53,66327,64],{"class":63},[53,66329,2982],{"class":67},[53,66331,72],{"class":71},[53,66333,464],{"class":75},[53,66335,72],{"class":71},[53,66337,81],{"class":67},[53,66339,84],{"class":71},[53,66341,637],{"class":75},[53,66343,72],{"class":71},[53,66345,81],{"class":67},[53,66347,84],{"class":71},[53,66349,666],{"class":75},[53,66351,72],{"class":71},[53,66353,2995],{"class":67},[53,66355,66356,66358,66360,66362,66364,66366,66368,66370,66372,66374,66376],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66357,655],{"class":59},[53,66359,37],{"class":67},[53,66361,53310],{"class":112},[53,66363,116],{"class":67},[53,66365,1371],{"class":63},[53,66367,274],{"class":273},[53,66369,81],{"class":67},[53,66371,84],{"class":71},[53,66373,646],{"class":75},[53,66375,72],{"class":71},[53,66377,125],{"class":67},[53,66379,66380,66382,66384,66386],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66381,132],{"class":131},[53,66383,116],{"class":67},[53,66385,655],{"class":112},[53,66387,125],{"class":67},[20,66389,772],{},[44,66391,66393],{"className":46,"code":66392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66394,66395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66396,66397,66399,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423,66425,66427,66429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66398,3260],{"class":67},[53,66400,156],{"class":71},[53,66402,464],{"class":75},[53,66404,156],{"class":71},[53,66406,81],{"class":67},[53,66408,165],{"class":71},[53,66410,637],{"class":75},[53,66412,156],{"class":71},[53,66414,81],{"class":67},[53,66416,165],{"class":71},[53,66418,646],{"class":75},[53,66420,156],{"class":71},[53,66422,81],{"class":67},[53,66424,165],{"class":71},[53,66426,666],{"class":75},[53,66428,156],{"class":71},[53,66430,2995],{"class":67},[20,66432,66433,66434,1657],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[464,66435,66436],{"href":50338},"Python lists beginner guide",[39,66438,66440,9952,66442],{"id":66439},"insert-vs-append",[15,66441,53627],{},[15,66443,52011],{},[20,66445,66446],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[599,66448,174,66450,9968],{"id":66449},"use-insert-when",[15,66451,53627],{},[193,66453,66454,66457],{},[196,66455,66456],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[196,66458,66459],{},"The order of the list matters",[599,66461,174,66463,9968],{"id":66462},"use-append-when",[15,66464,52011],{},[193,66466,66467,66470],{},[196,66468,66469],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[196,66471,66472],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66474,1559],{},[44,66476,66478],{"className":46,"code":66477,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66479,66480,66504,66508,66530,66540,66544,66562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66481,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498,66500,66502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66483,7144],{"class":59},[53,66485,64],{"class":63},[53,66487,2982],{"class":67},[53,66489,72],{"class":71},[53,66491,356],{"class":75},[53,66493,72],{"class":71},[53,66495,81],{"class":67},[53,66497,84],{"class":71},[53,66499,374],{"class":75},[53,66501,72],{"class":71},[53,66503,2995],{"class":67},[53,66505,66506],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66507,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,66509,66510,66512,66514,66516,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66511,7175],{"class":59},[53,66513,37],{"class":67},[53,66515,53310],{"class":112},[53,66517,116],{"class":67},[53,66519,274],{"class":273},[53,66521,81],{"class":67},[53,66523,84],{"class":71},[53,66525,365],{"class":75},[53,66527,72],{"class":71},[53,66529,125],{"class":67},[53,66531,66532,66534,66536,66538],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,66533,132],{"class":131},[53,66535,116],{"class":67},[53,66537,7175],{"class":112},[53,66539,125],{"class":67},[53,66541,66542],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,66543,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,66545,66546,66548,66550,66552,66554,66556,66558,66560],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,66547,7175],{"class":59},[53,66549,37],{"class":67},[53,66551,12912],{"class":112},[53,66553,116],{"class":67},[53,66555,72],{"class":71},[53,66557,21886],{"class":75},[53,66559,72],{"class":71},[53,66561,125],{"class":67},[53,66563,66564,66566,66568,66570],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,66565,132],{"class":131},[53,66567,116],{"class":67},[53,66569,7175],{"class":112},[53,66571,125],{"class":67},[20,66573,772],{},[44,66575,66577],{"className":46,"code":66576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66578,66579,66607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66580,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597,66599,66601,66603,66605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66582,3260],{"class":67},[53,66584,156],{"class":71},[53,66586,356],{"class":75},[53,66588,156],{"class":71},[53,66590,81],{"class":67},[53,66592,165],{"class":71},[53,66594,365],{"class":75},[53,66596,156],{"class":71},[53,66598,81],{"class":67},[53,66600,165],{"class":71},[53,66602,374],{"class":75},[53,66604,156],{"class":71},[53,66606,2995],{"class":67},[53,66608,66609,66611,66613,66615,66617,66619,66621,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66610,3260],{"class":67},[53,66612,156],{"class":71},[53,66614,356],{"class":75},[53,66616,156],{"class":71},[53,66618,81],{"class":67},[53,66620,165],{"class":71},[53,66622,365],{"class":75},[53,66624,156],{"class":71},[53,66626,81],{"class":67},[53,66628,165],{"class":71},[53,66630,374],{"class":75},[53,66632,156],{"class":71},[53,66634,81],{"class":67},[53,66636,165],{"class":71},[53,66638,21886],{"class":75},[53,66640,156],{"class":71},[53,66642,2995],{"class":67},[20,66644,66645,66646,37],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[464,66647,54878,66648,830],{"href":56126},[15,66649,52011],{},[20,66651,66652,66653,37],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[464,66654,52408],{"href":52407},[39,66656,834],{"id":833},[20,66658,14093,66659,37],{},[15,66660,53627],{},[599,66662,11959,66664],{"id":66663},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66665,53627],{},[20,66667,25045],{},[44,66669,66671],{"className":46,"code":66670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66672,66673,66693,66715,66719,66729],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66674,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66676,266],{"class":59},[53,66678,64],{"class":63},[53,66680,2982],{"class":67},[53,66682,274],{"class":273},[53,66684,81],{"class":67},[53,66686,279],{"class":273},[53,66688,81],{"class":67},[53,66690,284],{"class":273},[53,66692,2995],{"class":67},[53,66694,66695,66697,66699,66701,66703,66705,66707,66709,66711,66713],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66696,1582],{"class":59},[53,66698,64],{"class":63},[53,66700,3622],{"class":59},[53,66702,37],{"class":67},[53,66704,53310],{"class":112},[53,66706,116],{"class":67},[53,66708,274],{"class":273},[53,66710,81],{"class":67},[53,66712,9564],{"class":273},[53,66714,125],{"class":67},[53,66716,66717],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66718,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,66720,66721,66723,66725,66727],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,66722,132],{"class":131},[53,66724,116],{"class":67},[53,66726,1617],{"class":112},[53,66728,125],{"class":67},[53,66730,66731,66733,66735,66737],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,66732,132],{"class":131},[53,66734,116],{"class":67},[53,66736,291],{"class":112},[53,66738,125],{"class":67},[20,66740,772],{},[44,66742,66744],{"className":46,"code":66743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66745,66746,66750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66747,66748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66749,931],{"class":938},[53,66751,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764,66766,66768],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66753,3260],{"class":67},[53,66755,274],{"class":273},[53,66757,81],{"class":67},[53,66759,9564],{"class":273},[53,66761,81],{"class":67},[53,66763,279],{"class":273},[53,66765,81],{"class":67},[53,66767,284],{"class":273},[53,66769,2995],{"class":67},[20,66771,66772,53512,66774,37],{},[15,66773,53627],{},[15,66775,849],{},[20,66777,852],{},[44,66779,66781],{"className":46,"code":66780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66782,66783],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66784,66785,66787,66789,66791,66793,66795,66797,66799,66801,66803],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66786,55247],{"class":59},[53,66788,64],{"class":63},[53,66790,3622],{"class":59},[53,66792,37],{"class":67},[53,66794,53310],{"class":112},[53,66796,116],{"class":67},[53,66798,274],{"class":273},[53,66800,81],{"class":67},[53,66802,9564],{"class":273},[53,66804,125],{"class":67},[20,66806,66807],{},"Right:",[44,66809,66811],{"className":46,"code":66810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,66812,66813],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66814,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66816,291],{"class":59},[53,66818,37],{"class":67},[53,66820,53310],{"class":112},[53,66822,116],{"class":67},[53,66824,274],{"class":273},[53,66826,81],{"class":67},[53,66828,9564],{"class":273},[53,66830,125],{"class":67},[599,66832,66834],{"id":66833},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,66836,66837],{},"The correct order is:",[44,66839,66840],{"className":46,"code":65693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66841,66842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66843,66844,66846,66848,66850,66852,66854,66856,66858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66845,7706],{"class":59},[53,66847,37],{"class":67},[53,66849,53310],{"class":112},[53,66851,116],{"class":67},[53,66853,35201],{"class":112},[53,66855,81],{"class":67},[53,66857,28863],{"class":112},[53,66859,125],{"class":67},[20,66861,66862],{},"Not:",[44,66864,66866],{"className":46,"code":66865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,66867,66868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66869,66870,66872,66874,66876,66878,66880,66882,66884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66871,7706],{"class":59},[53,66873,37],{"class":67},[53,66875,53310],{"class":112},[53,66877,116],{"class":67},[53,66879,22664],{"class":112},[53,66881,81],{"class":67},[53,66883,35176],{"class":112},[53,66885,125],{"class":67},[20,66887,1559],{},[44,66889,66890],{"className":46,"code":65735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66891,66892,66916,66938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66893,66894,66896,66898,66900,66902,66904,66906,66908,66910,66912,66914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66895,620],{"class":59},[53,66897,64],{"class":63},[53,66899,2982],{"class":67},[53,66901,72],{"class":71},[53,66903,464],{"class":75},[53,66905,72],{"class":71},[53,66907,81],{"class":67},[53,66909,84],{"class":71},[53,66911,646],{"class":75},[53,66913,72],{"class":71},[53,66915,2995],{"class":67},[53,66917,66918,66920,66922,66924,66926,66928,66930,66932,66934,66936],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,66919,655],{"class":59},[53,66921,37],{"class":67},[53,66923,53310],{"class":112},[53,66925,116],{"class":67},[53,66927,274],{"class":273},[53,66929,81],{"class":67},[53,66931,84],{"class":71},[53,66933,637],{"class":75},[53,66935,72],{"class":71},[53,66937,125],{"class":67},[53,66939,66940,66942,66944,66946],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,66941,132],{"class":131},[53,66943,116],{"class":67},[53,66945,655],{"class":112},[53,66947,125],{"class":67},[20,66949,772],{},[44,66951,66952],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,66953,66954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66955,66956,66958,66960,66962,66964,66966,66968,66970,66972,66974,66976,66978,66980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,66957,3260],{"class":67},[53,66959,156],{"class":71},[53,66961,464],{"class":75},[53,66963,156],{"class":71},[53,66965,81],{"class":67},[53,66967,165],{"class":71},[53,66969,637],{"class":75},[53,66971,156],{"class":71},[53,66973,81],{"class":67},[53,66975,165],{"class":71},[53,66977,646],{"class":75},[53,66979,156],{"class":71},[53,66981,2995],{"class":67},[599,66983,838,66985,66987],{"id":66984},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,66986,53627],{}," to replace an item",[20,66989,66990,66992],{},[15,66991,53627],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[44,66994,66996],{"className":46,"code":66995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66997,66998,67018,67036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,66999,67000,67002,67004,67006,67008,67010,67012,67014,67016],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67001,266],{"class":59},[53,67003,64],{"class":63},[53,67005,2982],{"class":67},[53,67007,274],{"class":273},[53,67009,81],{"class":67},[53,67011,279],{"class":273},[53,67013,81],{"class":67},[53,67015,284],{"class":273},[53,67017,2995],{"class":67},[53,67019,67020,67022,67024,67026,67028,67030,67032,67034],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67021,291],{"class":59},[53,67023,37],{"class":67},[53,67025,53310],{"class":112},[53,67027,116],{"class":67},[53,67029,274],{"class":273},[53,67031,81],{"class":67},[53,67033,9564],{"class":273},[53,67035,125],{"class":67},[53,67037,67038,67040,67042,67044],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67039,132],{"class":131},[53,67041,116],{"class":67},[53,67043,291],{"class":112},[53,67045,125],{"class":67},[20,67047,772],{},[44,67049,67051],{"className":46,"code":67050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67052,67053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67054,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065,67067,67069,67071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67056,3260],{"class":67},[53,67058,274],{"class":273},[53,67060,81],{"class":67},[53,67062,9564],{"class":273},[53,67064,81],{"class":67},[53,67066,279],{"class":273},[53,67068,81],{"class":67},[53,67070,284],{"class":273},[53,67072,2995],{"class":67},[20,67074,67075],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[44,67077,67079],{"className":46,"code":67078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67080,67081,67101,67115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67082,67083,67085,67087,67089,67091,67093,67095,67097,67099],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67084,266],{"class":59},[53,67086,64],{"class":63},[53,67088,2982],{"class":67},[53,67090,274],{"class":273},[53,67092,81],{"class":67},[53,67094,279],{"class":273},[53,67096,81],{"class":67},[53,67098,284],{"class":273},[53,67100,2995],{"class":67},[53,67102,67103,67105,67107,67109,67111,67113],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67104,291],{"class":59},[53,67106,3260],{"class":67},[53,67108,274],{"class":273},[53,67110,12632],{"class":67},[53,67112,12635],{"class":63},[53,67114,13490],{"class":273},[53,67116,67117,67119,67121,67123],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67118,132],{"class":131},[53,67120,116],{"class":67},[53,67122,291],{"class":112},[53,67124,125],{"class":67},[20,67126,772],{},[44,67128,67130],{"className":46,"code":67129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67131,67132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67133,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67135,3260],{"class":67},[53,67137,274],{"class":273},[53,67139,81],{"class":67},[53,67141,9564],{"class":273},[53,67143,81],{"class":67},[53,67145,284],{"class":273},[53,67147,2995],{"class":67},[599,67149,67151],{"id":67150},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67153,67154,67156],{},[15,67155,53627],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67158,67159],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[44,67161,67163],{"className":46,"code":67162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67164,67165,67181,67205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67166,67167,67169,67171,67173,67175,67177,67179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67168,266],{"class":59},[53,67170,64],{"class":63},[53,67172,2982],{"class":67},[53,67174,274],{"class":273},[53,67176,81],{"class":67},[53,67178,1811],{"class":273},[53,67180,2995],{"class":67},[53,67182,67183,67185,67187,67189,67191,67193,67195,67197,67199,67201,67203],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67184,291],{"class":59},[53,67186,37],{"class":67},[53,67188,53310],{"class":112},[53,67190,116],{"class":67},[53,67192,274],{"class":273},[53,67194,81],{"class":67},[53,67196,2982],{"class":67},[53,67198,300],{"class":273},[53,67200,81],{"class":67},[53,67202,284],{"class":273},[53,67204,3248],{"class":67},[53,67206,67207,67209,67211,67213],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67208,132],{"class":131},[53,67210,116],{"class":67},[53,67212,291],{"class":112},[53,67214,125],{"class":67},[20,67216,772],{},[44,67218,67220],{"className":46,"code":67219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67221,67222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67223,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67225,3260],{"class":67},[53,67227,274],{"class":273},[53,67229,81],{"class":67},[53,67231,2982],{"class":67},[53,67233,300],{"class":273},[53,67235,81],{"class":67},[53,67237,284],{"class":273},[53,67239,17420],{"class":67},[53,67241,1811],{"class":273},[53,67243,2995],{"class":67},[20,67245,67246,67247,37],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[464,67248,54878,67249,830],{"href":52703},[15,67250,52805],{},[599,67252,67254],{"id":67253},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67256,8243,67257,67259],{},[15,67258,53627],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[44,67261,67263],{"className":46,"code":67262,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67264,67265,67275,67289,67307,67321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67266,67267,67269,67271,67273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67268,132],{"class":131},[53,67270,116],{"class":67},[53,67272,7706],{"class":112},[53,67274,125],{"class":67},[53,67276,67277,67279,67281,67283,67285,67287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67278,132],{"class":131},[53,67280,116],{"class":67},[53,67282,10528],{"class":131},[53,67284,116],{"class":67},[53,67286,7706],{"class":112},[53,67288,1377],{"class":67},[53,67290,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67292,132],{"class":131},[53,67294,116],{"class":67},[53,67296,7706],{"class":112},[53,67298,37],{"class":67},[53,67300,53310],{"class":24104},[53,67302,37],{"class":67},[53,67304,33800],{"class":33807},[53,67306,125],{"class":67},[53,67308,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,67310,31506],{"class":131},[53,67312,116],{"class":67},[53,67314,7460],{"class":550},[53,67316,37],{"class":67},[53,67318,53310],{"class":24104},[53,67320,125],{"class":67},[53,67322,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,67324,2578],{"class":550},[53,67326,116],{"class":67},[53,67328,7706],{"class":112},[53,67330,125],{"class":67},[20,67332,67333],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[193,67335,67336,67339,67342,67345],{},[196,67337,67338],{},"What is currently in the list",[196,67340,67341],{},"How long the list is",[196,67343,67344],{},"That you are working with a real list",[196,67346,67347],{},"How Python describes the method",[39,67349,4319,67351],{"id":67350},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67352,53627],{},[20,67354,174,67355,67357],{},[15,67356,53627],{}," when position matters.",[20,67359,35778],{},[193,67361,67362,67365,67368,67371],{},[196,67363,67364],{},"Ordered menus",[196,67366,67367],{},"Rankings or score lists",[196,67369,67370],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[196,67372,67373],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67375,67376,67377,67379,67380,67382,67383,67385],{},"You usually do ",[30,67378,461],{}," need ",[15,67381,53627],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67384,52011],{}," is simpler.",[20,67387,67388,67389,37],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[464,67390,56512],{"href":56511},[39,67392,1187],{"id":1186},[599,67394,1191,67396,54827],{"id":67395},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67397,53270],{},[20,67399,67400,67401,37],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67402,849],{},[599,67404,67406],{"id":67405},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67408,67409],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[599,67411,1234,67413,67415],{"id":67412},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67414,53270],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67417,67418,67419,67421],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67420,52805],{}," or slicing.",[599,67423,4538,67425,594,67427,1222],{"id":67424},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67426,53627],{},[15,67428,52011],{},[20,67430,67431,67433,67434,67436],{},[15,67432,53627],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67435,52011],{}," adds only at the end.",[39,67438,1244],{"id":1243},[193,67440,67441,67447,67453,67457,67461,67465],{},[196,67442,67443],{},[464,67444,54878,67445,830],{"href":56126},[15,67446,52011],{},[196,67448,67449],{},[464,67450,54878,67451,830],{"href":52703},[15,67452,52805],{},[196,67454,67455],{},[464,67456,53637],{"href":52407},[196,67458,67459],{},[464,67460,52130],{"href":50338},[196,67462,67463],{},[464,67464,56586],{"href":56511},[196,67466,67467],{},[464,67468,29700,67469,32987],{"href":53655},[15,67470,67471],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1276,67473,67474],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":67476},[67477,67479,67480,67481,67487,67494,67503,67505,67514],{"id":65662,"depth":104,"text":67478},"What list.insert() does",{"id":4790,"depth":104,"text":4791},{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":66034,"depth":104,"text":66035,"children":67482},[67483,67484,67485,67486],{"id":66046,"depth":128,"text":66047},{"id":66137,"depth":128,"text":66138},{"id":66223,"depth":128,"text":66224},{"id":66309,"depth":128,"text":66310},{"id":66439,"depth":104,"text":67488,"children":67489},"insert() vs append()",[67490,67492],{"id":66449,"depth":128,"text":67491},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66462,"depth":128,"text":67493},"Use append() when:",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":67495},[67496,67498,67499,67501,67502],{"id":66663,"depth":128,"text":67497},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":66833,"depth":128,"text":66834},{"id":66984,"depth":128,"text":67500},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67150,"depth":128,"text":67151},{"id":67253,"depth":128,"text":67254},{"id":67350,"depth":104,"text":67504},"When to use insert()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":67506},[67507,67509,67510,67512],{"id":67395,"depth":128,"text":67508},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67405,"depth":128,"text":67406},{"id":67412,"depth":128,"text":67511},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67424,"depth":128,"text":67513},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65572,"description":67515},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67522,"title":67523,"body":67524,"description":69079,"extension":1312,"meta":69080,"navigation":383,"path":58331,"seo":69081,"stem":69082,"__hash__":69083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67525,"toc":69052},[67526,67532,67541,67590,67592,67600,67606,67608,67626,67632,67637,67640,67643,67658,67660,67712,67714,67722,67730,67737,67739,67745,67810,67812,67820,67822,67841,67844,67895,67899,67904,67931,67933,67941,67944,68013,68015,68030,68036,68040,68049,68052,68107,68109,68117,68120,68122,68167,68169,68177,68183,68185,68193,68196,68198,68237,68239,68278,68283,68285,68287,68322,68325,68327,68365,68369,68375,68377,68428,68430,68438,68445,68448,68469,68472,68527,68538,68540,68601,68603,68612,68619,68625,68628,68631,68688,68691,68704,68711,68717,68723,68725,68738,68741,68838,68840,68857,68860,68942,68944,68966,68973,68979,68981,68985,68991,68997,69002,69006,69009,69015,69022,69024,69049],[10,67527,67529,67530,3021],{"id":67528},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67531,10528],{},[20,67533,67534,67535,67537,67538,67540],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67536,41716],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67539,41716],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[44,67542,67544],{"className":46,"code":67543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67545,67546,67566,67580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67547,67548,67550,67552,67554,67556,67558,67560,67562,67564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67549,266],{"class":59},[53,67551,64],{"class":63},[53,67553,2982],{"class":67},[53,67555,1684],{"class":273},[53,67557,81],{"class":67},[53,67559,7155],{"class":273},[53,67561,81],{"class":67},[53,67563,7160],{"class":273},[53,67565,2995],{"class":67},[53,67567,67568,67570,67572,67574,67576,67578],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67569,40596],{"class":59},[53,67571,64],{"class":63},[53,67573,37739],{"class":131},[53,67575,116],{"class":67},[53,67577,291],{"class":112},[53,67579,125],{"class":67},[53,67581,67582,67584,67586,67588],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67583,132],{"class":131},[53,67585,116],{"class":67},[53,67587,40614],{"class":112},[53,67589,125],{"class":67},[20,67591,772],{},[44,67593,67594],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67595,67596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67597,67598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67599,45974],{"class":273},[20,67601,174,67602,67605],{},[15,67603,67604],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[39,67607,14523],{"id":14522},[193,67609,67610,67615,67620,67623],{},[196,67611,583,67612,67614],{},[15,67613,41716],{}," works with Python lists",[196,67616,67617,67618,11070],{},"What value ",[15,67619,41716],{},[196,67621,67622],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[196,67624,67625],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[39,67627,183,67629,67631],{"id":67628},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67630,41716],{}," returns for a list",[20,67633,67634,64445],{},[15,67635,67636],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67638,67639],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67641,67642],{},"A few important points:",[193,67644,67645,67648,67653],{},[196,67646,67647],{},"It counts list items",[196,67649,40260,67650,67652],{},[30,67651,461],{}," count characters inside a string item",[196,67654,67655,67656],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67657,1470],{},[20,67659,1559],{},[44,67661,67663],{"className":46,"code":67662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67664,67665,67698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67666,67667,67669,67671,67673,67675,67677,67679,67681,67683,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67668,3431],{"class":59},[53,67670,64],{"class":63},[53,67672,2982],{"class":67},[53,67674,72],{"class":71},[53,67676,36400],{"class":75},[53,67678,72],{"class":71},[53,67680,81],{"class":67},[53,67682,84],{"class":71},[53,67684,67685],{"class":75},"elephant",[53,67687,72],{"class":71},[53,67689,81],{"class":67},[53,67691,84],{"class":71},[53,67693,57485],{"class":75},[53,67695,72],{"class":71},[53,67697,2995],{"class":67},[53,67699,67700,67702,67704,67706,67708,67710],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67701,132],{"class":131},[53,67703,116],{"class":67},[53,67705,10528],{"class":131},[53,67707,116],{"class":67},[53,67709,3473],{"class":112},[53,67711,1377],{"class":67},[20,67713,772],{},[44,67715,67716],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67717,67718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67719,67720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67721,45974],{"class":273},[20,67723,20334,67724,67727,67728,64452],{},[15,67725,67726],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[30,67729,52015],{},[20,67731,67732,67733,37],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[464,67734,2934,67735,2867],{"href":41713},[15,67736,41716],{},[39,67738,5148],{"id":5147},[20,67740,67741,67742,67744],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67743,41716],{},", and print the result.",[44,67746,67748],{"className":46,"code":67747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67749,67750,67782,67796,67800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67751,67752,67754,67756,67758,67760,67762,67764,67766,67768,67770,67772,67774,67776,67778,67780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67753,60],{"class":59},[53,67755,64],{"class":63},[53,67757,2982],{"class":67},[53,67759,72],{"class":71},[53,67761,76],{"class":75},[53,67763,72],{"class":71},[53,67765,81],{"class":67},[53,67767,84],{"class":71},[53,67769,96],{"class":75},[53,67771,72],{"class":71},[53,67773,81],{"class":67},[53,67775,84],{"class":71},[53,67777,87],{"class":75},[53,67779,72],{"class":71},[53,67781,2995],{"class":67},[53,67783,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67785,40596],{"class":59},[53,67787,64],{"class":63},[53,67789,37739],{"class":131},[53,67791,116],{"class":67},[53,67793,107],{"class":112},[53,67795,125],{"class":67},[53,67797,67798],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67799,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,67801,67802,67804,67806,67808],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,67803,132],{"class":131},[53,67805,116],{"class":67},[53,67807,40614],{"class":112},[53,67809,125],{"class":67},[20,67811,772],{},[44,67813,67814],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67815,67816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67817,67818],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67819,45974],{"class":273},[20,67821,11048],{},[193,67823,67824,67829,67836],{},[196,67825,67826,67828],{},[15,67827,107],{}," is a list with 3 items",[196,67830,67831,1751,67834],{},[15,67832,67833],{},"len(colors)",[15,67835,1412],{},[196,67837,67838,67839],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,67840,40614],{},[20,67842,67843],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[44,67845,67847],{"className":46,"code":67846,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,67848,67849,67881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67850,67851,67853,67855,67857,67859,67861,67863,67865,67867,67869,67871,67873,67875,67877,67879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67852,60],{"class":59},[53,67854,64],{"class":63},[53,67856,2982],{"class":67},[53,67858,72],{"class":71},[53,67860,76],{"class":75},[53,67862,72],{"class":71},[53,67864,81],{"class":67},[53,67866,84],{"class":71},[53,67868,96],{"class":75},[53,67870,72],{"class":71},[53,67872,81],{"class":67},[53,67874,84],{"class":71},[53,67876,87],{"class":75},[53,67878,72],{"class":71},[53,67880,2995],{"class":67},[53,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67884,132],{"class":131},[53,67886,116],{"class":67},[53,67888,10528],{"class":131},[53,67890,116],{"class":67},[53,67892,107],{"class":112},[53,67894,1377],{"class":67},[39,67896,67898],{"id":67897},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,67900,67901,67902,37],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,67903,1470],{},[44,67905,67907],{"className":46,"code":67906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,67908,67909,67917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67910,67911,67913,67915],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67912,7144],{"class":59},[53,67914,64],{"class":63},[53,67916,7204],{"class":67},[53,67918,67919,67921,67923,67925,67927,67929],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67920,132],{"class":131},[53,67922,116],{"class":67},[53,67924,10528],{"class":131},[53,67926,116],{"class":67},[53,67928,7175],{"class":112},[53,67930,1377],{"class":67},[20,67932,772],{},[44,67934,67935],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,67936,67937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67938,67939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67940,46609],{"class":273},[20,67942,67943],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[44,67945,67947],{"className":46,"code":67946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,67948,67949,67957,67961,67979,67993,67999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,67950,67951,67953,67955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,67952,7144],{"class":59},[53,67954,64],{"class":63},[53,67956,7204],{"class":67},[53,67958,67959],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,67960,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,67962,67963,67965,67967,67969,67971,67973,67975,67977],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,67964,1106],{"class":1105},[53,67966,37739],{"class":131},[53,67968,116],{"class":67},[53,67970,7175],{"class":112},[53,67972,3021],{"class":67},[53,67974,37749],{"class":63},[53,67976,3194],{"class":273},[53,67978,1120],{"class":67},[53,67980,67981,67983,67985,67987,67989,67991],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,67982,7435],{"class":131},[53,67984,116],{"class":67},[53,67986,7175],{"class":112},[53,67988,3260],{"class":67},[53,67990,1470],{"class":273},[53,67992,3248],{"class":67},[53,67994,67995,67997],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,67996,26789],{"class":1105},[53,67998,1120],{"class":67},[53,68000,68001,68003,68005,68007,68009,68011],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,68002,7435],{"class":131},[53,68004,116],{"class":67},[53,68006,72],{"class":71},[53,68008,51175],{"class":75},[53,68010,72],{"class":71},[53,68012,125],{"class":67},[20,68014,772],{},[44,68016,68018],{"className":46,"code":68017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The list is empty\n",[15,68019,68020],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68021,68022,68024,68026,68028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68023,1329],{"class":59},[53,68025,7460],{"class":550},[53,68027,7463],{"class":63},[53,68029,7469],{"class":59},[20,68031,68032,68033,68035],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[464,68034,52130],{"href":50338}," is a good next step.",[39,68037,68039],{"id":68038},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68041,68042,68044,68045,68048],{},[15,68043,41716],{}," counts only the ",[30,68046,68047],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68050,68051],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[44,68053,68055],{"className":46,"code":68054,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68056,68057,68093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68058,68059,68061,68063,68065,68067,68069,68071,68073,68075,68077,68079,68081,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68060,8534],{"class":59},[53,68062,64],{"class":63},[53,68064,55651],{"class":67},[53,68066,274],{"class":273},[53,68068,81],{"class":67},[53,68070,279],{"class":273},[53,68072,17420],{"class":67},[53,68074,2982],{"class":67},[53,68076,1412],{"class":273},[53,68078,81],{"class":67},[53,68080,1811],{"class":273},[53,68082,17420],{"class":67},[53,68084,2982],{"class":67},[53,68086,1487],{"class":273},[53,68088,81],{"class":67},[53,68090,36996],{"class":273},[53,68092,52601],{"class":67},[53,68094,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68096,132],{"class":131},[53,68098,116],{"class":67},[53,68100,10528],{"class":131},[53,68102,116],{"class":67},[53,68104,8573],{"class":112},[53,68106,1377],{"class":67},[20,68108,772],{},[44,68110,68111],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68112,68113],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68114,68115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68116,45974],{"class":273},[20,68118,68119],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68121,51439],{},[44,68123,68125],{"className":46,"code":68124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68126,68127,68153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68128,68129,68131,68133,68135,68137,68139,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68130,58831],{"class":59},[53,68132,64],{"class":63},[53,68134,2982],{"class":67},[53,68136,274],{"class":273},[53,68138,81],{"class":67},[53,68140,2982],{"class":67},[53,68142,300],{"class":273},[53,68144,81],{"class":67},[53,68146,284],{"class":273},[53,68148,17420],{"class":67},[53,68150,1811],{"class":273},[53,68152,2995],{"class":67},[53,68154,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68156,132],{"class":131},[53,68158,116],{"class":67},[53,68160,10528],{"class":131},[53,68162,116],{"class":67},[53,68164,58884],{"class":112},[53,68166,1377],{"class":67},[20,68168,772],{},[44,68170,68171],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68172,68173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68174,68175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68176,45974],{"class":273},[20,68178,20334,68179,68182],{},[15,68180,68181],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[39,68184,834],{"id":833},[599,68186,7785,68188,10458,68191],{"id":68187},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68189,68190],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68192,67636],{},[20,68194,68195],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68197,852],{},[44,68199,68201],{"className":46,"code":68200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68202,68203,68223],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68204,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68206,266],{"class":59},[53,68208,64],{"class":63},[53,68210,2982],{"class":67},[53,68212,1684],{"class":273},[53,68214,81],{"class":67},[53,68216,7155],{"class":273},[53,68218,81],{"class":67},[53,68220,7160],{"class":273},[53,68222,2995],{"class":67},[53,68224,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68226,132],{"class":131},[53,68228,116],{"class":67},[53,68230,291],{"class":112},[53,68232,37],{"class":67},[53,68234,10528],{"class":112},[53,68236,6557],{"class":67},[20,68238,941],{},[44,68240,68242],{"className":46,"code":68241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68243,68244,68264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68245,68246,68248,68250,68252,68254,68256,68258,68260,68262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68247,266],{"class":59},[53,68249,64],{"class":63},[53,68251,2982],{"class":67},[53,68253,1684],{"class":273},[53,68255,81],{"class":67},[53,68257,7155],{"class":273},[53,68259,81],{"class":67},[53,68261,7160],{"class":273},[53,68263,2995],{"class":67},[53,68265,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68267,132],{"class":131},[53,68269,116],{"class":67},[53,68271,10528],{"class":131},[53,68273,116],{"class":67},[53,68275,291],{"class":112},[53,68277,1377],{"class":67},[20,68279,68280,68282],{},[15,68281,41716],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[599,68284,25042],{"id":25041},[20,68286,852],{},[44,68288,68290],{"className":46,"code":68289,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68291,68292,68312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68293,68294,68296,68298,68300,68302,68304,68306,68308,68310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68295,266],{"class":59},[53,68297,64],{"class":63},[53,68299,2982],{"class":67},[53,68301,1684],{"class":273},[53,68303,81],{"class":67},[53,68305,7155],{"class":273},[53,68307,81],{"class":67},[53,68309,7160],{"class":273},[53,68311,2995],{"class":67},[53,68313,68314,68316,68318,68320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68315,132],{"class":131},[53,68317,116],{"class":67},[53,68319,10528],{"class":131},[53,68321,125],{"class":67},[20,68323,68324],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68326,941],{},[44,68328,68329],{"className":46,"code":68241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68330,68331,68351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68332,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68334,266],{"class":59},[53,68336,64],{"class":63},[53,68338,2982],{"class":67},[53,68340,1684],{"class":273},[53,68342,81],{"class":67},[53,68344,7155],{"class":273},[53,68346,81],{"class":67},[53,68348,7160],{"class":273},[53,68350,2995],{"class":67},[53,68352,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68354,132],{"class":131},[53,68356,116],{"class":67},[53,68358,10528],{"class":131},[53,68360,116],{"class":67},[53,68362,291],{"class":112},[53,68364,1377],{"class":67},[599,68366,68368],{"id":68367},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68370,68371,68372,68374],{},"The length of a list is ",[30,68373,461],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68376,1559],{},[44,68378,68380],{"className":46,"code":68379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68381,68382,68414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68383,68384,68386,68388,68390,68392,68394,68396,68398,68400,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68385,620],{"class":59},[53,68387,64],{"class":63},[53,68389,2982],{"class":67},[53,68391,72],{"class":71},[53,68393,464],{"class":75},[53,68395,72],{"class":71},[53,68397,81],{"class":67},[53,68399,84],{"class":71},[53,68401,637],{"class":75},[53,68403,72],{"class":71},[53,68405,81],{"class":67},[53,68407,84],{"class":71},[53,68409,646],{"class":75},[53,68411,72],{"class":71},[53,68413,2995],{"class":67},[53,68415,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68417,132],{"class":131},[53,68419,116],{"class":67},[53,68421,10528],{"class":131},[53,68423,116],{"class":67},[53,68425,655],{"class":112},[53,68427,1377],{"class":67},[20,68429,772],{},[44,68431,68432],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68433,68434],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68435,68436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68437,45974],{"class":273},[20,68439,68440,68441,18320,68443,37],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68442,300],{},[15,68444,1412],{},[20,68446,68447],{},"Indexes are:",[193,68449,68450,68457,68463],{},[196,68451,68452,68454,68455],{},[15,68453,1470],{}," for ",[15,68456,17454],{},[196,68458,68459,68454,68461],{},[15,68460,274],{},[15,68462,64954],{},[196,68464,68465,68454,68467],{},[15,68466,300],{},[15,68468,65840],{},[20,68470,68471],{},"So this causes an error:",[44,68473,68475],{"className":46,"code":68474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68476,68477,68509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68478,68479,68481,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493,68495,68497,68499,68501,68503,68505,68507],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68480,620],{"class":59},[53,68482,64],{"class":63},[53,68484,2982],{"class":67},[53,68486,72],{"class":71},[53,68488,464],{"class":75},[53,68490,72],{"class":71},[53,68492,81],{"class":67},[53,68494,84],{"class":71},[53,68496,637],{"class":75},[53,68498,72],{"class":71},[53,68500,81],{"class":67},[53,68502,84],{"class":71},[53,68504,646],{"class":75},[53,68506,72],{"class":71},[53,68508,2995],{"class":67},[53,68510,68511,68513,68515,68517,68519,68521,68523,68525],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68512,132],{"class":131},[53,68514,116],{"class":67},[53,68516,655],{"class":112},[53,68518,3260],{"class":67},[53,68520,10528],{"class":131},[53,68522,116],{"class":67},[53,68524,655],{"class":112},[53,68526,10046],{"class":67},[20,68528,7863,68529,4141,68532,68534,68535,68537],{},[15,68530,68531],{},"len(letters)",[15,68533,1412],{},", and index ",[15,68536,1412],{}," does not exist.",[20,68539,18197],{},[44,68541,68543],{"className":46,"code":68542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68544,68545,68577],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68546,68547,68549,68551,68553,68555,68557,68559,68561,68563,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68548,620],{"class":59},[53,68550,64],{"class":63},[53,68552,2982],{"class":67},[53,68554,72],{"class":71},[53,68556,464],{"class":75},[53,68558,72],{"class":71},[53,68560,81],{"class":67},[53,68562,84],{"class":71},[53,68564,637],{"class":75},[53,68566,72],{"class":71},[53,68568,81],{"class":67},[53,68570,84],{"class":71},[53,68572,646],{"class":75},[53,68574,72],{"class":71},[53,68576,2995],{"class":67},[53,68578,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68580,132],{"class":131},[53,68582,116],{"class":67},[53,68584,655],{"class":112},[53,68586,3260],{"class":67},[53,68588,10528],{"class":131},[53,68590,116],{"class":67},[53,68592,655],{"class":112},[53,68594,3021],{"class":67},[53,68596,1574],{"class":63},[53,68598,4858],{"class":273},[53,68600,3248],{"class":67},[20,68602,772],{},[44,68604,68606],{"className":46,"code":68605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"c\n",[15,68607,68608],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68609,68610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68611,68605],{"class":59},[20,68613,68614,68615,37],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[464,68616,68618],{"href":68617},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[599,68620,7785,68622,68624],{"id":68621},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68623,41716],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68626,68627],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68629,68630],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[44,68632,68634],{"className":46,"code":68633,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68635,68636,68646,68660,68674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68637,68638,68640,68642,68644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68639,132],{"class":131},[53,68641,116],{"class":67},[53,68643,7706],{"class":112},[53,68645,125],{"class":67},[53,68647,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68649,132],{"class":131},[53,68651,116],{"class":67},[53,68653,10528],{"class":131},[53,68655,116],{"class":67},[53,68657,7706],{"class":112},[53,68659,1377],{"class":67},[53,68661,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670,68672],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,68663,132],{"class":131},[53,68665,116],{"class":67},[53,68667,2578],{"class":550},[53,68669,116],{"class":67},[53,68671,7706],{"class":112},[53,68673,1377],{"class":67},[53,68675,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684,68686],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,68677,132],{"class":131},[53,68679,116],{"class":67},[53,68681,7706],{"class":112},[53,68683,3260],{"class":67},[53,68685,1470],{"class":273},[53,68687,3248],{"class":67},[20,68689,68690],{},"These help you verify:",[193,68692,68693,68696,68698,68701],{},[196,68694,68695],{},"what the variable contains",[196,68697,60143],{},[196,68699,68700],{},"whether it is really a list",[196,68702,68703],{},"what the first item is",[20,68705,68706,68707,68710],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68708,68709],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[39,68712,4319,68714,68716],{"id":68713},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68715,41716],{}," with lists",[20,68718,68719,68720,68722],{},"You will often use ",[15,68721,41716],{}," in real programs.",[20,68724,8741],{},[193,68726,68727,68729,68732,68735],{},[196,68728,51129],{},[196,68730,68731],{},"Control loops",[196,68733,68734],{},"Validate input or results",[196,68736,68737],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68739,68740],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[44,68742,68744],{"className":46,"code":68743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68745,68746,68766,68782,68786,68800,68814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68747,68748,68750,68752,68754,68756,68758,68760,68762,68764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68749,1908],{"class":59},[53,68751,64],{"class":63},[53,68753,2982],{"class":67},[53,68755,274],{"class":273},[53,68757,81],{"class":67},[53,68759,279],{"class":273},[53,68761,81],{"class":67},[53,68763,284],{"class":273},[53,68765,2995],{"class":67},[53,68767,68768,68770,68772,68774,68776,68778,68780],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68769,1936],{"class":59},[53,68771,64],{"class":63},[53,68773,2982],{"class":67},[53,68775,1684],{"class":273},[53,68777,81],{"class":67},[53,68779,7155],{"class":273},[53,68781,2995],{"class":67},[53,68783,68784],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,68785,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,68787,68788,68790,68792,68794,68796,68798],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,68789,132],{"class":131},[53,68791,116],{"class":67},[53,68793,10528],{"class":131},[53,68795,116],{"class":67},[53,68797,464],{"class":112},[53,68799,1377],{"class":67},[53,68801,68802,68804,68806,68808,68810,68812],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,68803,132],{"class":131},[53,68805,116],{"class":67},[53,68807,10528],{"class":131},[53,68809,116],{"class":67},[53,68811,637],{"class":112},[53,68813,1377],{"class":67},[53,68815,68816,68818,68820,68822,68824,68826,68828,68830,68832,68834,68836],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,68817,132],{"class":131},[53,68819,116],{"class":67},[53,68821,10528],{"class":131},[53,68823,116],{"class":67},[53,68825,464],{"class":112},[53,68827,3021],{"class":67},[53,68829,37749],{"class":63},[53,68831,37739],{"class":131},[53,68833,116],{"class":67},[53,68835,637],{"class":112},[53,68837,1377],{"class":67},[20,68839,772],{},[44,68841,68843],{"className":46,"code":68842,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,68844,68845,68849,68853],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68846,68847],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68848,45974],{"class":273},[53,68850,68851],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68852,16415],{"class":273},[53,68854,68855],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,68856,3340],{"class":938},[20,68858,68859],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[44,68861,68863],{"className":46,"code":68862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,68864,68865,68897,68901,68923],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68866,68867,68869,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881,68883,68885,68887,68889,68891,68893,68895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68868,4353],{"class":59},[53,68870,64],{"class":63},[53,68872,2982],{"class":67},[53,68874,72],{"class":71},[53,68876,12244],{"class":75},[53,68878,72],{"class":71},[53,68880,81],{"class":67},[53,68882,84],{"class":71},[53,68884,35296],{"class":75},[53,68886,72],{"class":71},[53,68888,81],{"class":67},[53,68890,84],{"class":71},[53,68892,35305],{"class":75},[53,68894,72],{"class":71},[53,68896,2995],{"class":67},[53,68898,68899],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68900,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,68902,68903,68905,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,68904,5319],{"class":1105},[53,68906,68907],{"class":59}," i ",[53,68909,1067],{"class":1105},[53,68911,53429],{"class":131},[53,68913,116],{"class":67},[53,68915,10528],{"class":131},[53,68917,116],{"class":67},[53,68919,4397],{"class":112},[53,68921,68922],{"class":67},")):\n",[53,68924,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68936,68938,68940],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,68926,7435],{"class":131},[53,68928,116],{"class":67},[53,68930,35508],{"class":112},[53,68932,81],{"class":67},[53,68934,68935],{"class":112}," names",[53,68937,3260],{"class":67},[53,68939,35508],{"class":112},[53,68941,3248],{"class":67},[20,68943,772],{},[44,68945,68946],{"className":46,"code":35354,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,68947,68948,68954,68960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,68949,68950,68952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,68951,1470],{"class":273},[53,68953,35363],{"class":59},[53,68955,68956,68958],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,68957,274],{"class":273},[53,68959,35370],{"class":59},[53,68961,68962,68964],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,68963,300],{"class":273},[53,68965,35377],{"class":59},[20,68967,68968,68969,37],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[464,68970,68972],{"href":68971},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,68974,68975,68976,68978],{},"You can also read ",[464,68977,50906],{"href":50905}," for a task-focused guide.",[39,68980,1187],{"id":1186},[599,68982,68984],{"id":68983},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,68986,174,68987,68990],{},[15,68988,68989],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[599,68992,4501,68994,12080],{"id":68993},"what-does-len-return",[15,68995,68996],{},"len([])",[20,68998,4507,68999,69001],{},[15,69000,1470],{}," because the list is empty.",[599,69003,69005],{"id":69004},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69007,69008],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[599,69010,27684,69012,69014],{"id":69011},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69013,68190],{}," in Python?",[20,69016,29625,69017,7589,69019,69021],{},[15,69018,67636],{},[15,69020,41716],{}," is a built-in function.",[39,69023,1244],{"id":1243},[193,69025,69026,69032,69036,69040,69044],{},[196,69027,69028],{},[464,69029,2934,69030,2867],{"href":41713},[15,69031,41716],{},[196,69033,69034],{},[464,69035,51949],{"href":50905},[196,69037,69038],{},[464,69039,52130],{"href":50338},[196,69041,69042],{},[464,69043,68618],{"href":68617},[196,69045,69046],{},[464,69047,69048],{"href":68971},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1276,69050,69051],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":69053},[69054,69055,69057,69058,69059,69060,69068,69070,69078],{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":67628,"depth":104,"text":69056},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":67897,"depth":104,"text":67898},{"id":68038,"depth":104,"text":68039},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":69061},[69062,69064,69065,69066],{"id":68187,"depth":128,"text":69063},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25041,"depth":128,"text":25042},{"id":68367,"depth":128,"text":68368},{"id":68621,"depth":128,"text":69067},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68713,"depth":104,"text":69069},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":69071},[69072,69073,69075,69076],{"id":68983,"depth":128,"text":68984},{"id":68993,"depth":128,"text":69074},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69004,"depth":128,"text":69005},{"id":69011,"depth":128,"text":69077},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67523,"description":69079},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69085,"title":69086,"body":69087,"description":71069,"extension":1312,"meta":71070,"navigation":383,"path":71071,"seo":71072,"stem":71073,"__hash__":71074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69088,"toc":71042},[69089,69092,69097,69100,69108,69121,69123,69188,69190,69212,69217,69221,69226,69234,69236,69246,69248,69329,69331,69361,69363,69382,69387,69404,69406,69490,69492,69522,69527,69531,69537,69621,69623,69653,69656,69660,69663,69754,69756,69794,69797,69882,69884,69914,69920,69927,69931,69936,69945,69947,70032,70034,70063,70066,70074,70078,70082,70091,70114,70116,70138,70140,70154,70156,70216,70220,70225,70264,70266,70283,70285,70295,70394,70399,70403,70408,70451,70453,70481,70483,70497,70572,70574,70596,70600,70603,70608,70619,70624,70632,70635,70706,70708,70733,70790,70792,70813,70822,70830,70835,70837,70842,70863,70866,70941,70944,70958,70965,70967,70971,70977,70981,70991,70995,71002,71006,71012,71014,71039],[10,69090,69086],{"id":69091},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69093,69094,69096],{},[15,69095,54440],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69098,69099],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[193,69101,69102,69105],{},[196,69103,69104],{},"delete an item from a list",[196,69106,69107],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69109,69110,69111,69113,69114,1154,69116,69120],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69112,1260],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69115,1260],{},[464,69117,69118],{"href":54431},[15,69119,17],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[39,69122,42],{"id":41},[44,69124,69126],{"className":46,"code":69125,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69127,69128,69148,69163,69167,69178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69129,69130,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142,69144,69146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69131,266],{"class":59},[53,69133,64],{"class":63},[53,69135,2982],{"class":67},[53,69137,1684],{"class":273},[53,69139,81],{"class":67},[53,69141,7155],{"class":273},[53,69143,81],{"class":67},[53,69145,7160],{"class":273},[53,69147,2995],{"class":67},[53,69149,69150,69153,69155,69157,69159,69161],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69151,69152],{"class":59},"last_item ",[53,69154,64],{"class":63},[53,69156,3622],{"class":59},[53,69158,37],{"class":67},[53,69160,25596],{"class":112},[53,69162,8011],{"class":67},[53,69164,69165],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69166,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69168,69169,69171,69173,69176],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,69170,132],{"class":131},[53,69172,116],{"class":67},[53,69174,69175],{"class":112},"last_item",[53,69177,125],{"class":67},[53,69179,69180,69182,69184,69186],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,69181,132],{"class":131},[53,69183,116],{"class":67},[53,69185,291],{"class":112},[53,69187,125],{"class":67},[20,69189,772],{},[44,69191,69193],{"className":46,"code":69192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69194,69195,69200],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69196,69197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69198,69199],{"class":273},"30\n",[53,69201,69202,69204,69206,69208,69210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69203,3260],{"class":67},[53,69205,1684],{"class":273},[53,69207,81],{"class":67},[53,69209,7155],{"class":273},[53,69211,2995],{"class":67},[20,69213,174,69214,69216],{},[15,69215,1260],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[39,69218,69220],{"id":69219},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69222,69223,69225],{},[15,69224,1260],{}," has two main jobs:",[193,69227,69228,69231],{},[196,69229,69230],{},"It removes one item from a list",[196,69232,69233],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69235,43006],{},[193,69237,69238,69241,69244],{},[196,69239,69240],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[196,69242,69243],{},"It changes the original list",[196,69245,52104],{},[20,69247,1559],{},[44,69249,69251],{"className":46,"code":69250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69252,69253,69285,69289,69304,69308,69319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69254,69255,69257,69259,69261,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69256,60],{"class":59},[53,69258,64],{"class":63},[53,69260,2982],{"class":67},[53,69262,72],{"class":71},[53,69264,76],{"class":75},[53,69266,72],{"class":71},[53,69268,81],{"class":67},[53,69270,84],{"class":71},[53,69272,96],{"class":75},[53,69274,72],{"class":71},[53,69276,81],{"class":67},[53,69278,84],{"class":71},[53,69280,87],{"class":75},[53,69282,72],{"class":71},[53,69284,2995],{"class":67},[53,69286,69287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69288,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69290,69291,69294,69296,69298,69300,69302],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69292,69293],{"class":59},"removed ",[53,69295,64],{"class":63},[53,69297,899],{"class":59},[53,69299,37],{"class":67},[53,69301,25596],{"class":112},[53,69303,8011],{"class":67},[53,69305,69306],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,69307,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69309,69310,69312,69314,69317],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,69311,132],{"class":131},[53,69313,116],{"class":67},[53,69315,69316],{"class":112},"removed",[53,69318,125],{"class":67},[53,69320,69321,69323,69325,69327],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,69322,132],{"class":131},[53,69324,116],{"class":67},[53,69326,107],{"class":112},[53,69328,125],{"class":67},[20,69330,772],{},[44,69332,69334],{"className":46,"code":69333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69335,69336,69341],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69337,69338],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69339,69340],{"class":59},"blue\n",[53,69342,69343,69345,69347,69349,69351,69353,69355,69357,69359],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69344,3260],{"class":67},[53,69346,156],{"class":71},[53,69348,76],{"class":75},[53,69350,156],{"class":71},[53,69352,81],{"class":67},[53,69354,165],{"class":71},[53,69356,96],{"class":75},[53,69358,156],{"class":71},[53,69360,2995],{"class":67},[39,69362,217],{"id":216},[44,69364,69366],{"className":46,"code":69365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69367,69368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69369,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69371,7460],{"class":550},[53,69373,37],{"class":67},[53,69375,25596],{"class":112},[53,69377,2341],{"class":67},[53,69379,35201],{"class":112},[53,69381,3248],{"class":67},[20,69383,1329,69384,69386],{},[15,69385,35201],{}," is optional.",[193,69388,69389,69395,69401],{},[196,69390,69391,69392,69394],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69393,1260],{}," removes the last item",[196,69396,69397,69398,69400],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69399,1260],{}," removes the item at that position",[196,69402,69403],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69405,1559],{},[44,69407,69409],{"className":46,"code":69408,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69410,69411,69443,69447,69466,69470,69480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69412,69413,69415,69417,69419,69421,69423,69425,69427,69429,69431,69433,69435,69437,69439,69441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69414,620],{"class":59},[53,69416,64],{"class":63},[53,69418,2982],{"class":67},[53,69420,72],{"class":71},[53,69422,464],{"class":75},[53,69424,72],{"class":71},[53,69426,81],{"class":67},[53,69428,84],{"class":71},[53,69430,637],{"class":75},[53,69432,72],{"class":71},[53,69434,81],{"class":67},[53,69436,84],{"class":71},[53,69438,646],{"class":75},[53,69440,72],{"class":71},[53,69442,2995],{"class":67},[53,69444,69445],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69446,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69448,69449,69451,69453,69456,69458,69460,69462,69464],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69450,27894],{"class":59},[53,69452,64],{"class":63},[53,69454,69455],{"class":59}," letters",[53,69457,37],{"class":67},[53,69459,25596],{"class":112},[53,69461,116],{"class":67},[53,69463,274],{"class":273},[53,69465,125],{"class":67},[53,69467,69468],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,69469,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69471,69472,69474,69476,69478],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,69473,132],{"class":131},[53,69475,116],{"class":67},[53,69477,22664],{"class":112},[53,69479,125],{"class":67},[53,69481,69482,69484,69486,69488],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,69483,132],{"class":131},[53,69485,116],{"class":67},[53,69487,655],{"class":112},[53,69489,125],{"class":67},[20,69491,772],{},[44,69493,69495],{"className":46,"code":69494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69496,69497,69502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69498,69499],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69500,69501],{"class":59},"b\n",[53,69503,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516,69518,69520],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69505,3260],{"class":67},[53,69507,156],{"class":71},[53,69509,464],{"class":75},[53,69511,156],{"class":71},[53,69513,81],{"class":67},[53,69515,165],{"class":71},[53,69517,646],{"class":75},[53,69519,156],{"class":71},[53,69521,2995],{"class":67},[20,69523,69524,69525,37],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[464,69526,52130],{"href":50338},[39,69528,69530],{"id":69529},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69532,69533,69534,69536],{},"When you call ",[15,69535,1260],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[44,69538,69540],{"className":46,"code":69539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69541,69542,69577,69581,69596,69600,69611],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69543,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552,69555,69557,69559,69561,69564,69566,69568,69570,69573,69575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69545,29253],{"class":59},[53,69547,64],{"class":63},[53,69549,2982],{"class":67},[53,69551,72],{"class":71},[53,69553,69554],{"class":75},"write",[53,69556,72],{"class":71},[53,69558,81],{"class":67},[53,69560,84],{"class":71},[53,69562,69563],{"class":75},"test",[53,69565,72],{"class":71},[53,69567,81],{"class":67},[53,69569,84],{"class":71},[53,69571,69572],{"class":75},"submit",[53,69574,72],{"class":71},[53,69576,2995],{"class":67},[53,69578,69579],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69580,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69582,69583,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69584,69585],{"class":59},"last_task ",[53,69587,64],{"class":63},[53,69589,29331],{"class":59},[53,69591,37],{"class":67},[53,69593,25596],{"class":112},[53,69595,8011],{"class":67},[53,69597,69598],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,69599,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69601,69602,69604,69606,69609],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,69603,132],{"class":131},[53,69605,116],{"class":67},[53,69607,69608],{"class":112},"last_task",[53,69610,125],{"class":67},[53,69612,69613,69615,69617,69619],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,69614,132],{"class":131},[53,69616,116],{"class":67},[53,69618,35858],{"class":112},[53,69620,125],{"class":67},[20,69622,772],{},[44,69624,69626],{"className":46,"code":69625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69627,69628,69633],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69629,69630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69631,69632],{"class":59},"submit\n",[53,69634,69635,69637,69639,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69651],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69636,3260],{"class":67},[53,69638,156],{"class":71},[53,69640,69554],{"class":75},[53,69642,156],{"class":71},[53,69644,81],{"class":67},[53,69646,165],{"class":71},[53,69648,69563],{"class":75},[53,69650,156],{"class":71},[53,69652,2995],{"class":67},[20,69654,69655],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[39,69657,69659],{"id":69658},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69661,69662],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[44,69664,69666],{"className":46,"code":69665,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69667,69668,69708,69712,69730,69734,69744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69669,69670,69672,69674,69676,69678,69680,69682,69684,69686,69688,69690,69692,69694,69696,69698,69700,69702,69704,69706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69671,347],{"class":59},[53,69673,64],{"class":63},[53,69675,2982],{"class":67},[53,69677,72],{"class":71},[53,69679,356],{"class":75},[53,69681,72],{"class":71},[53,69683,81],{"class":67},[53,69685,84],{"class":71},[53,69687,365],{"class":75},[53,69689,72],{"class":71},[53,69691,81],{"class":67},[53,69693,84],{"class":71},[53,69695,3456],{"class":75},[53,69697,72],{"class":71},[53,69699,81],{"class":67},[53,69701,84],{"class":71},[53,69703,374],{"class":75},[53,69705,72],{"class":71},[53,69707,2995],{"class":67},[53,69709,69710],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69711,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69713,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722,69724,69726,69728],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69715,69293],{"class":59},[53,69717,64],{"class":63},[53,69719,52210],{"class":59},[53,69721,37],{"class":67},[53,69723,25596],{"class":112},[53,69725,116],{"class":67},[53,69727,274],{"class":273},[53,69729,125],{"class":67},[53,69731,69732],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,69733,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69735,69736,69738,69740,69742],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,69737,132],{"class":131},[53,69739,116],{"class":67},[53,69741,69316],{"class":112},[53,69743,125],{"class":67},[53,69745,69746,69748,69750,69752],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,69747,132],{"class":131},[53,69749,116],{"class":67},[53,69751,389],{"class":112},[53,69753,125],{"class":67},[20,69755,772],{},[44,69757,69759],{"className":46,"code":69758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69760,69761,69766],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69762,69763],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69764,69765],{"class":59},"banana\n",[53,69767,69768,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778,69780,69782,69784,69786,69788,69790,69792],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69769,3260],{"class":67},[53,69771,156],{"class":71},[53,69773,356],{"class":75},[53,69775,156],{"class":71},[53,69777,81],{"class":67},[53,69779,165],{"class":71},[53,69781,3456],{"class":75},[53,69783,156],{"class":71},[53,69785,81],{"class":67},[53,69787,165],{"class":71},[53,69789,374],{"class":75},[53,69791,156],{"class":71},[53,69793,2995],{"class":67},[20,69795,69796],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[44,69798,69800],{"className":46,"code":69799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69801,69802,69834,69838,69858,69862,69872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69803,69804,69806,69808,69810,69812,69814,69816,69818,69820,69822,69824,69826,69828,69830,69832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69805,347],{"class":59},[53,69807,64],{"class":63},[53,69809,2982],{"class":67},[53,69811,72],{"class":71},[53,69813,356],{"class":75},[53,69815,72],{"class":71},[53,69817,81],{"class":67},[53,69819,84],{"class":71},[53,69821,365],{"class":75},[53,69823,72],{"class":71},[53,69825,81],{"class":67},[53,69827,84],{"class":71},[53,69829,3456],{"class":75},[53,69831,72],{"class":71},[53,69833,2995],{"class":67},[53,69835,69836],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69837,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69839,69840,69842,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69841,69293],{"class":59},[53,69843,64],{"class":63},[53,69845,52210],{"class":59},[53,69847,37],{"class":67},[53,69849,25596],{"class":112},[53,69851,116],{"class":67},[53,69853,1371],{"class":63},[53,69855,274],{"class":273},[53,69857,125],{"class":67},[53,69859,69860],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,69861,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69863,69864,69866,69868,69870],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,69865,132],{"class":131},[53,69867,116],{"class":67},[53,69869,69316],{"class":112},[53,69871,125],{"class":67},[53,69873,69874,69876,69878,69880],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,69875,132],{"class":131},[53,69877,116],{"class":67},[53,69879,389],{"class":112},[53,69881,125],{"class":67},[20,69883,772],{},[44,69885,69887],{"className":46,"code":69886,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,69888,69889,69894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69890,69891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69892,69893],{"class":59},"cherry\n",[53,69895,69896,69898,69900,69902,69904,69906,69908,69910,69912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69897,3260],{"class":67},[53,69899,156],{"class":71},[53,69901,356],{"class":75},[53,69903,156],{"class":71},[53,69905,81],{"class":67},[53,69907,165],{"class":71},[53,69909,365],{"class":75},[53,69911,156],{"class":71},[53,69913,2995],{"class":67},[20,69915,69916,69917,69919],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,69918,65213],{}," means the last item.",[20,69921,69922,69923,37],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[464,69924,69925,830],{"href":58323},[15,69926,64225],{},[39,69928,69930],{"id":69929},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,69932,69933,69935],{},[15,69934,1260],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,69937,69938,69939,594,69941,37],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,69940,1260],{},[464,69942,69943],{"href":54431},[15,69944,17],{},[20,69946,1559],{},[44,69948,69950],{"className":46,"code":69949,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,69951,69952,69984,69988,70007,70011,70022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,69953,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964,69966,69968,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,69955,4353],{"class":59},[53,69957,64],{"class":63},[53,69959,2982],{"class":67},[53,69961,72],{"class":71},[53,69963,12244],{"class":75},[53,69965,72],{"class":71},[53,69967,81],{"class":67},[53,69969,84],{"class":71},[53,69971,35296],{"class":75},[53,69973,72],{"class":71},[53,69975,81],{"class":67},[53,69977,84],{"class":71},[53,69979,35305],{"class":75},[53,69981,72],{"class":71},[53,69983,2995],{"class":67},[53,69985,69986],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,69987,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,69989,69990,69993,69995,69997,69999,70001,70003,70005],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,69991,69992],{"class":59},"removed_name ",[53,69994,64],{"class":63},[53,69996,68935],{"class":59},[53,69998,37],{"class":67},[53,70000,25596],{"class":112},[53,70002,116],{"class":67},[53,70004,1470],{"class":273},[53,70006,125],{"class":67},[53,70008,70009],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70010,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,70012,70013,70015,70017,70020],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,70014,132],{"class":131},[53,70016,116],{"class":67},[53,70018,70019],{"class":112},"removed_name",[53,70021,125],{"class":67},[53,70023,70024,70026,70028,70030],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,70025,132],{"class":131},[53,70027,116],{"class":67},[53,70029,4397],{"class":112},[53,70031,125],{"class":67},[20,70033,772],{},[44,70035,70037],{"className":46,"code":70036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70038,70039,70043],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70040,70041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70042,49398],{"class":59},[53,70044,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70046,3260],{"class":67},[53,70048,156],{"class":71},[53,70050,35296],{"class":75},[53,70052,156],{"class":71},[53,70054,81],{"class":67},[53,70056,165],{"class":71},[53,70058,35305],{"class":75},[53,70060,156],{"class":71},[53,70062,2995],{"class":67},[20,70064,70065],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70067,70068,70069,70071,70072,37],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70070,17],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70073,849],{},[39,70075,70077],{"id":70076},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[599,70079,70081],{"id":70080},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70083,70084,70085,70087,70088,37],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70086,1260],{}," raises an ",[15,70089,70090],{},"IndexError",[44,70092,70094],{"className":46,"code":70093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70095,70096,70104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70097,70098,70100,70102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70099,7144],{"class":59},[53,70101,64],{"class":63},[53,70103,7204],{"class":67},[53,70105,70106,70108,70110,70112],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70107,7175],{"class":59},[53,70109,37],{"class":67},[53,70111,25596],{"class":112},[53,70113,8011],{"class":67},[20,70115,772],{},[44,70117,70119],{"className":46,"code":70118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70120,70121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70122,70123,70125,70127,70130,70133,70136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70124,70090],{"class":550},[53,70126,191],{"class":67},[53,70128,70129],{"class":59}," pop ",[53,70131,70132],{"class":1105},"from",[53,70134,70135],{"class":59}," empty ",[53,70137,49244],{"class":550},[20,70139,38615],{},[193,70141,70142,70147],{},[196,70143,70144,70145],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70146,1260],{},[196,70148,70149,70150,594,70152],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70151,29159],{},[15,70153,29190],{},[20,70155,1559],{},[44,70157,70159],{"className":46,"code":70158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70160,70161,70169,70173,70181,70195,70201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70162,70163,70165,70167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70164,7144],{"class":59},[53,70166,64],{"class":63},[53,70168,7204],{"class":67},[53,70170,70171],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70172,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,70174,70175,70177,70179],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,70176,1106],{"class":1105},[53,70178,5327],{"class":59},[53,70180,1120],{"class":67},[53,70182,70183,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70184,7435],{"class":131},[53,70186,116],{"class":67},[53,70188,7175],{"class":112},[53,70190,37],{"class":67},[53,70192,25596],{"class":112},[53,70194,6557],{"class":67},[53,70196,70197,70199],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,70198,26789],{"class":1105},[53,70200,1120],{"class":67},[53,70202,70203,70205,70207,70209,70212,70214],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,70204,7435],{"class":131},[53,70206,116],{"class":67},[53,70208,72],{"class":71},[53,70210,70211],{"class":75},"The list is empty.",[53,70213,72],{"class":71},[53,70215,125],{"class":67},[599,70217,70219],{"id":70218},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70221,70222,70223,37],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70224,70090],{},[44,70226,70228],{"className":46,"code":70227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70229,70230,70250],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70231,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240,70242,70244,70246,70248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70233,266],{"class":59},[53,70235,64],{"class":63},[53,70237,2982],{"class":67},[53,70239,1684],{"class":273},[53,70241,81],{"class":67},[53,70243,7155],{"class":273},[53,70245,81],{"class":67},[53,70247,7160],{"class":273},[53,70249,2995],{"class":67},[53,70251,70252,70254,70256,70258,70260,70262],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70253,291],{"class":59},[53,70255,37],{"class":67},[53,70257,25596],{"class":112},[53,70259,116],{"class":67},[53,70261,1487],{"class":273},[53,70263,125],{"class":67},[20,70265,772],{},[44,70267,70269],{"className":46,"code":70268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70270,70271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70272,70273,70275,70277,70280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70274,70090],{"class":550},[53,70276,191],{"class":67},[53,70278,70279],{"class":59}," pop index out of ",[53,70281,70282],{"class":131},"range\n",[20,70284,38615],{},[193,70286,70287,70292],{},[196,70288,70289,70290],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70291,41716],{},[196,70293,70294],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[44,70296,70298],{"className":46,"code":70297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70299,70300,70320,70329,70333,70355,70373,70379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70301,70302,70304,70306,70308,70310,70312,70314,70316,70318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70303,266],{"class":59},[53,70305,64],{"class":63},[53,70307,2982],{"class":67},[53,70309,1684],{"class":273},[53,70311,81],{"class":67},[53,70313,7155],{"class":273},[53,70315,81],{"class":67},[53,70317,7160],{"class":273},[53,70319,2995],{"class":67},[53,70321,70322,70325,70327],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70323,70324],{"class":59},"index ",[53,70326,64],{"class":63},[53,70328,44946],{"class":273},[53,70330,70331],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,70332,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,70334,70335,70337,70339,70342,70345,70347,70349,70351,70353],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70336,1106],{"class":1105},[53,70338,3194],{"class":273},[53,70340,70341],{"class":63}," \u003C=",[53,70343,70344],{"class":59}," index ",[53,70346,2647],{"class":63},[53,70348,37739],{"class":131},[53,70350,116],{"class":67},[53,70352,291],{"class":112},[53,70354,7709],{"class":67},[53,70356,70357,70359,70361,70363,70365,70367,70369,70371],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,70358,7435],{"class":131},[53,70360,116],{"class":67},[53,70362,291],{"class":112},[53,70364,37],{"class":67},[53,70366,25596],{"class":112},[53,70368,116],{"class":67},[53,70370,35201],{"class":112},[53,70372,1377],{"class":67},[53,70374,70375,70377],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,70376,26789],{"class":1105},[53,70378,1120],{"class":67},[53,70380,70381,70383,70385,70387,70390,70392],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,70382,7435],{"class":131},[53,70384,116],{"class":67},[53,70386,72],{"class":71},[53,70388,70389],{"class":75},"Index is out of range.",[53,70391,72],{"class":71},[53,70393,125],{"class":67},[20,70395,70396,70397,37],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[464,70398,68618],{"href":68617},[599,70400,70402],{"id":70401},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70404,70405,70407],{},[15,70406,1260],{}," expects an integer index.",[44,70409,70411],{"className":46,"code":70410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70412,70413,70433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70414,70415,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427,70429,70431],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70416,266],{"class":59},[53,70418,64],{"class":63},[53,70420,2982],{"class":67},[53,70422,1684],{"class":273},[53,70424,81],{"class":67},[53,70426,7155],{"class":273},[53,70428,81],{"class":67},[53,70430,7160],{"class":273},[53,70432,2995],{"class":67},[53,70434,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70436,291],{"class":59},[53,70438,37],{"class":67},[53,70440,25596],{"class":112},[53,70442,116],{"class":67},[53,70444,72],{"class":71},[53,70446,274],{"class":75},[53,70448,72],{"class":71},[53,70450,125],{"class":67},[20,70452,772],{},[44,70454,70456],{"className":46,"code":70455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70457,70458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70459,70460,70462,70464,70466,70468,70470,70472,70475,70478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70461,2360],{"class":550},[53,70463,191],{"class":67},[53,70465,165],{"class":71},[53,70467,2801],{"class":75},[53,70469,156],{"class":71},[53,70471,23971],{"class":550},[53,70473,70474],{"class":59}," cannot be interpreted ",[53,70476,70477],{"class":1105},"as",[53,70479,70480],{"class":59}," an integer\n",[20,70482,38615],{},[193,70484,70485,70494],{},[196,70486,70487,70488,1540,70490,1544,70492],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70489,1470],{},[15,70491,274],{},[15,70493,65213],{},[196,70495,70496],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[44,70498,70500],{"className":46,"code":70499,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70501,70502,70522,70540,70544,70562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70503,70504,70506,70508,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70505,266],{"class":59},[53,70507,64],{"class":63},[53,70509,2982],{"class":67},[53,70511,1684],{"class":273},[53,70513,81],{"class":67},[53,70515,7155],{"class":273},[53,70517,81],{"class":67},[53,70519,7160],{"class":273},[53,70521,2995],{"class":67},[53,70523,70524,70526,70528,70530,70532,70534,70536,70538],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70525,70324],{"class":59},[53,70527,64],{"class":63},[53,70529,44633],{"class":550},[53,70531,116],{"class":67},[53,70533,72],{"class":71},[53,70535,274],{"class":75},[53,70537,72],{"class":71},[53,70539,125],{"class":67},[53,70541,70542],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,70543,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,70545,70546,70548,70550,70552,70554,70556,70558,70560],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70547,132],{"class":131},[53,70549,116],{"class":67},[53,70551,291],{"class":112},[53,70553,37],{"class":67},[53,70555,25596],{"class":112},[53,70557,116],{"class":67},[53,70559,35201],{"class":112},[53,70561,1377],{"class":67},[53,70563,70564,70566,70568,70570],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,70565,132],{"class":131},[53,70567,116],{"class":67},[53,70569,291],{"class":112},[53,70571,125],{"class":67},[20,70573,772],{},[44,70575,70577],{"className":46,"code":70576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70578,70579,70584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70580,70581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70582,70583],{"class":273},"20\n",[53,70585,70586,70588,70590,70592,70594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70587,3260],{"class":67},[53,70589,1684],{"class":273},[53,70591,81],{"class":67},[53,70593,7160],{"class":273},[53,70595,2995],{"class":67},[39,70597,70599],{"id":70598},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70601,70602],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[599,70604,174,70606,9968],{"id":70605},"use-pop-when",[15,70607,1260],{},[193,70609,70610,70613,70616],{},[196,70611,70612],{},"you want to remove by index",[196,70614,70615],{},"you want the removed item returned",[196,70617,70618],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[599,70620,174,70622,9968],{"id":70621},"use-remove-when",[15,70623,17],{},[193,70625,70626,70629],{},[196,70627,70628],{},"you want to remove by value",[196,70630,70631],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70633,70634],{},"Compare these examples:",[44,70636,70638],{"className":46,"code":70637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70639,70640,70664,70668,70686,70696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70641,70642,70644,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70643,266],{"class":59},[53,70645,64],{"class":63},[53,70647,2982],{"class":67},[53,70649,1684],{"class":273},[53,70651,81],{"class":67},[53,70653,7155],{"class":273},[53,70655,81],{"class":67},[53,70657,7160],{"class":273},[53,70659,81],{"class":67},[53,70661,7155],{"class":273},[53,70663,2995],{"class":67},[53,70665,70666],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70667,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,70669,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682,70684],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,70671,69293],{"class":59},[53,70673,64],{"class":63},[53,70675,3622],{"class":59},[53,70677,37],{"class":67},[53,70679,25596],{"class":112},[53,70681,116],{"class":67},[53,70683,274],{"class":273},[53,70685,125],{"class":67},[53,70687,70688,70690,70692,70694],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70689,132],{"class":131},[53,70691,116],{"class":67},[53,70693,69316],{"class":112},[53,70695,125],{"class":67},[53,70697,70698,70700,70702,70704],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,70699,132],{"class":131},[53,70701,116],{"class":67},[53,70703,291],{"class":112},[53,70705,125],{"class":67},[20,70707,772],{},[44,70709,70711],{"className":46,"code":70710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70712,70713,70717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70714,70715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70716,70583],{"class":273},[53,70718,70719,70721,70723,70725,70727,70729,70731],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70720,3260],{"class":67},[53,70722,1684],{"class":273},[53,70724,81],{"class":67},[53,70726,7160],{"class":273},[53,70728,81],{"class":67},[53,70730,7155],{"class":273},[53,70732,2995],{"class":67},[44,70734,70736],{"className":46,"code":70735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70737,70738,70762,70766,70780],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70739,70740,70742,70744,70746,70748,70750,70752,70754,70756,70758,70760],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70741,266],{"class":59},[53,70743,64],{"class":63},[53,70745,2982],{"class":67},[53,70747,1684],{"class":273},[53,70749,81],{"class":67},[53,70751,7155],{"class":273},[53,70753,81],{"class":67},[53,70755,7160],{"class":273},[53,70757,81],{"class":67},[53,70759,7155],{"class":273},[53,70761,2995],{"class":67},[53,70763,70764],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70765,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,70767,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,70769,291],{"class":59},[53,70771,37],{"class":67},[53,70773,113],{"class":112},[53,70775,116],{"class":67},[53,70777,15114],{"class":273},[53,70779,125],{"class":67},[53,70781,70782,70784,70786,70788],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70783,132],{"class":131},[53,70785,116],{"class":67},[53,70787,291],{"class":112},[53,70789,125],{"class":67},[20,70791,772],{},[44,70793,70795],{"className":46,"code":70794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70796,70797],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70798,70799,70801,70803,70805,70807,70809,70811],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70800,3260],{"class":67},[53,70802,1684],{"class":273},[53,70804,81],{"class":67},[53,70806,7160],{"class":273},[53,70808,81],{"class":67},[53,70810,7155],{"class":273},[53,70812,2995],{"class":67},[20,70814,70815,70816,70819,70820,37],{},"In the first example, ",[15,70817,70818],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,70821,274],{},[20,70823,55962,70824,70827,70828,37],{},[15,70825,70826],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,70829,15114],{},[20,70831,70832,70833,37],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[464,70834,54427],{"href":54426},[39,70836,2185],{"id":2184},[20,70838,70839,70840,191],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,70841,1260],{},[193,70843,70844,70847,70850,70856,70860],{},[196,70845,70846],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[196,70848,70849],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[196,70851,1151,70852,1154,70854],{},[15,70853,1260],{},[15,70855,17],{},[196,70857,838,70858,61331],{},[15,70859,1260],{},[196,70861,70862],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,70864,70865],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[44,70867,70869],{"className":46,"code":70868,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,70870,70871,70881,70895,70909,70927],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,70872,70873,70875,70877,70879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,70874,132],{"class":131},[53,70876,116],{"class":67},[53,70878,7706],{"class":112},[53,70880,125],{"class":67},[53,70882,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,70884,132],{"class":131},[53,70886,116],{"class":67},[53,70888,10528],{"class":131},[53,70890,116],{"class":67},[53,70892,7706],{"class":112},[53,70894,1377],{"class":67},[53,70896,70897,70899,70901,70903,70905,70907],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,70898,132],{"class":131},[53,70900,116],{"class":67},[53,70902,7706],{"class":112},[53,70904,37],{"class":67},[53,70906,25596],{"class":112},[53,70908,6557],{"class":67},[53,70910,70911,70913,70915,70917,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,70912,132],{"class":131},[53,70914,116],{"class":67},[53,70916,7706],{"class":112},[53,70918,37],{"class":67},[53,70920,25596],{"class":112},[53,70922,116],{"class":67},[53,70924,1470],{"class":273},[53,70926,1377],{"class":67},[53,70928,70929,70931,70933,70935,70937,70939],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,70930,132],{"class":131},[53,70932,116],{"class":67},[53,70934,2578],{"class":550},[53,70936,116],{"class":67},[53,70938,35201],{"class":112},[53,70940,1377],{"class":67},[20,70942,70943],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[193,70945,70946,70952],{},[196,70947,70948,70951],{},[15,70949,70950],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[196,70953,70954,70957],{},[15,70955,70956],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,70959,70960,70961,70964],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,70962,70963],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[39,70966,1187],{"id":1186},[599,70968,70970],{"id":70969},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,70972,70973,70974,70976],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,70975,1260],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[599,70978,70980],{"id":70979},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,70982,70983,70985,70986,70988,70989,37],{},[15,70984,1260],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,70987,17],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,70990,849],{},[599,70992,70994],{"id":70993},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,70996,70997,70998,71001],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,70999,71000],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[599,71003,71005],{"id":71004},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71007,71008,71009,71011],{},"Python raises ",[15,71010,70090],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[39,71013,1244],{"id":1243},[193,71015,71016,71020,71025,71030,71035],{},[196,71017,71018],{},[464,71019,54873],{"href":54426},[196,71021,71022],{},[464,71023,71024],{"href":54431},"Python list remove() method",[196,71026,71027],{},[464,71028,71029],{"href":58323},"Python list index() method",[196,71031,71032],{},[464,71033,71034],{"href":50338},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[196,71036,71037],{},[464,71038,68618],{"href":68617},[1276,71040,71041],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":71043},[71044,71045,71046,71047,71048,71049,71050,71055,71061,71062,71068],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":69219,"depth":104,"text":69220},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":69529,"depth":104,"text":69530},{"id":69658,"depth":104,"text":69659},{"id":69929,"depth":104,"text":69930},{"id":70076,"depth":104,"text":70077,"children":71051},[71052,71053,71054],{"id":70080,"depth":128,"text":70081},{"id":70218,"depth":128,"text":70219},{"id":70401,"depth":128,"text":70402},{"id":70598,"depth":104,"text":70599,"children":71056},[71057,71059],{"id":70605,"depth":128,"text":71058},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70621,"depth":128,"text":71060},"Use remove() when:",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":71063},[71064,71065,71066,71067],{"id":70969,"depth":128,"text":70970},{"id":70979,"depth":128,"text":70980},{"id":70993,"depth":128,"text":70994},{"id":71004,"depth":128,"text":71005},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69086,"description":71069},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71076,"title":71077,"body":71078,"description":72864,"extension":1312,"meta":72865,"navigation":383,"path":72866,"seo":72867,"stem":72868,"__hash__":72869},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71079,"toc":72846},[71080,71083,71088,71094,71096,71166,71172,71176,71181,71202,71205,71272,71274,71295,71303,71305,71324,71340,71342,71407,71409,71434,71436,71438,71503,71505,71530,71532,71546,71549,71602,71604,71625,71629,71637,71710,71712,71745,71751,71757,71848,71850,71875,71881,71970,71972,71996,71998,72002,72057,72059,72091,72094,72097,72191,72193,72226,72232,72238,72242,72249,72275,72279,72344,72346,72371,72375,72456,72458,72487,72492,72497,72503,72507,72514,72536,72540,72599,72601,72625,72634,72639,72641,72645,72674,72676,72751,72754,72768,72774,72776,72780,72783,72787,72792,72796,72805,72809,72817,72819,72843],[10,71081,71077],{"id":71082},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71084,1329,71085,71087],{},[15,71086,1157],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71089,71090,71091,71093],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[30,71092,236],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[39,71095,42],{"id":41},[44,71097,71099],{"className":46,"code":71098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71100,71101,71133,71151,71161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71102,71103,71105,71107,71109,71111,71113,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125,71127,71129,71131],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71104,7144],{"class":59},[53,71106,64],{"class":63},[53,71108,2982],{"class":67},[53,71110,72],{"class":71},[53,71112,356],{"class":75},[53,71114,72],{"class":71},[53,71116,81],{"class":67},[53,71118,84],{"class":71},[53,71120,365],{"class":75},[53,71122,72],{"class":71},[53,71124,81],{"class":67},[53,71126,84],{"class":71},[53,71128,374],{"class":75},[53,71130,72],{"class":71},[53,71132,2995],{"class":67},[53,71134,71135,71137,71139,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71136,7175],{"class":59},[53,71138,37],{"class":67},[53,71140,113],{"class":112},[53,71142,116],{"class":67},[53,71144,72],{"class":71},[53,71146,365],{"class":75},[53,71148,72],{"class":71},[53,71150,125],{"class":67},[53,71152,71153,71155,71157,71159],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71154,132],{"class":131},[53,71156,116],{"class":67},[53,71158,7175],{"class":112},[53,71160,125],{"class":67},[53,71162,71163],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,71164,71165],{"class":3024},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71167,174,71168,71171],{},[15,71169,71170],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[39,71173,71175],{"id":71174},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71177,71178,71180],{},[15,71179,17],{}," is a list method that:",[193,71182,71183,71189,71194,71199],{},[196,71184,71185,71186,71188],{},"Deletes the ",[30,71187,29264],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[196,71190,71191,71192],{},"Changes the original list ",[30,71193,10699],{},[196,71195,1191,71196,71198],{},[30,71197,461],{}," return a new list",[196,71200,71201],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71203,71204],{},"This is important for beginners:",[44,71206,71208],{"className":46,"code":71207,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71209,71210,71230,71248,71252,71262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71211,71212,71214,71216,71218,71220,71222,71224,71226,71228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71213,266],{"class":59},[53,71215,64],{"class":63},[53,71217,2982],{"class":67},[53,71219,274],{"class":273},[53,71221,81],{"class":67},[53,71223,279],{"class":273},[53,71225,81],{"class":67},[53,71227,284],{"class":273},[53,71229,2995],{"class":67},[53,71231,71232,71234,71236,71238,71240,71242,71244,71246],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71233,1582],{"class":59},[53,71235,64],{"class":63},[53,71237,3622],{"class":59},[53,71239,37],{"class":67},[53,71241,113],{"class":112},[53,71243,116],{"class":67},[53,71245,300],{"class":273},[53,71247,125],{"class":67},[53,71249,71250],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71251,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,71253,71254,71256,71258,71260],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,71255,132],{"class":131},[53,71257,116],{"class":67},[53,71259,291],{"class":112},[53,71261,125],{"class":67},[53,71263,71264,71266,71268,71270],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,71265,132],{"class":131},[53,71267,116],{"class":67},[53,71269,1617],{"class":112},[53,71271,125],{"class":67},[20,71273,772],{},[44,71275,71277],{"className":46,"code":71276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71278,71279,71291],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71280,71281,71283,71285,71287,71289],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71282,3260],{"class":67},[53,71284,274],{"class":273},[53,71286,81],{"class":67},[53,71288,284],{"class":273},[53,71290,2995],{"class":67},[53,71292,71293],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71294,931],{"class":938},[20,71296,71297,71298,71300,71301,37],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71299,17],{}," itself returned ",[15,71302,849],{},[39,71304,4791],{"id":4790},[44,71306,71308],{"className":46,"code":71307,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71309,71310],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71311,71312,71314,71316,71318,71320,71322],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71313,7460],{"class":550},[53,71315,37],{"class":67},[53,71317,113],{"class":112},[53,71319,116],{"class":67},[53,71321,236],{"class":112},[53,71323,125],{"class":67},[193,71325,71326,71331,71334],{},[196,71327,71328,71330],{},[15,71329,236],{}," is the item you want to delete",[196,71332,71333],{},"Python searches from left to right",[196,71335,71336,71337,71339],{},"Only the ",[30,71338,29264],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71341,1559],{},[44,71343,71345],{"className":46,"code":71344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71346,71347,71379,71397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71348,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71350,620],{"class":59},[53,71352,64],{"class":63},[53,71354,2982],{"class":67},[53,71356,72],{"class":71},[53,71358,464],{"class":75},[53,71360,72],{"class":71},[53,71362,81],{"class":67},[53,71364,84],{"class":71},[53,71366,637],{"class":75},[53,71368,72],{"class":71},[53,71370,81],{"class":67},[53,71372,84],{"class":71},[53,71374,646],{"class":75},[53,71376,72],{"class":71},[53,71378,2995],{"class":67},[53,71380,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71382,655],{"class":59},[53,71384,37],{"class":67},[53,71386,113],{"class":112},[53,71388,116],{"class":67},[53,71390,72],{"class":71},[53,71392,637],{"class":75},[53,71394,72],{"class":71},[53,71396,125],{"class":67},[53,71398,71399,71401,71403,71405],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71400,132],{"class":131},[53,71402,116],{"class":67},[53,71404,655],{"class":112},[53,71406,125],{"class":67},[20,71408,772],{},[44,71410,71412],{"className":46,"code":71411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71413,71414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71415,71416,71418,71420,71422,71424,71426,71428,71430,71432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71417,3260],{"class":67},[53,71419,156],{"class":71},[53,71421,464],{"class":75},[53,71423,156],{"class":71},[53,71425,81],{"class":67},[53,71427,165],{"class":71},[53,71429,646],{"class":75},[53,71431,156],{"class":71},[53,71433,2995],{"class":67},[39,71435,5148],{"id":5147},[20,71437,64534],{},[44,71439,71441],{"className":46,"code":71440,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71442,71443,71475,71493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71444,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71446,60],{"class":59},[53,71448,64],{"class":63},[53,71450,2982],{"class":67},[53,71452,72],{"class":71},[53,71454,76],{"class":75},[53,71456,72],{"class":71},[53,71458,81],{"class":67},[53,71460,84],{"class":71},[53,71462,87],{"class":75},[53,71464,72],{"class":71},[53,71466,81],{"class":67},[53,71468,84],{"class":71},[53,71470,96],{"class":75},[53,71472,72],{"class":71},[53,71474,2995],{"class":67},[53,71476,71477,71479,71481,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71478,107],{"class":59},[53,71480,37],{"class":67},[53,71482,113],{"class":112},[53,71484,116],{"class":67},[53,71486,72],{"class":71},[53,71488,87],{"class":75},[53,71490,72],{"class":71},[53,71492,125],{"class":67},[53,71494,71495,71497,71499,71501],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71496,132],{"class":131},[53,71498,116],{"class":67},[53,71500,107],{"class":112},[53,71502,125],{"class":67},[20,71504,772],{},[44,71506,71508],{"className":46,"code":71507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71509,71510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71511,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526,71528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71513,3260],{"class":67},[53,71515,156],{"class":71},[53,71517,76],{"class":75},[53,71519,156],{"class":71},[53,71521,81],{"class":67},[53,71523,165],{"class":71},[53,71525,96],{"class":75},[53,71527,156],{"class":71},[53,71529,2995],{"class":67},[20,71531,11048],{},[193,71533,71534,71537,71543],{},[196,71535,71536],{},"A list is created with three values",[196,71538,71539,71542],{},[15,71540,71541],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[196,71544,71545],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71547,71548],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[44,71550,71552],{"className":46,"code":71551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71553,71554,71578,71592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71555,71556,71558,71560,71562,71564,71566,71568,71570,71572,71574,71576],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71557,4422],{"class":59},[53,71559,64],{"class":63},[53,71561,2982],{"class":67},[53,71563,1684],{"class":273},[53,71565,81],{"class":67},[53,71567,7155],{"class":273},[53,71569,81],{"class":67},[53,71571,7160],{"class":273},[53,71573,81],{"class":67},[53,71575,50202],{"class":273},[53,71577,2995],{"class":67},[53,71579,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71581,15749],{"class":59},[53,71583,37],{"class":67},[53,71585,113],{"class":112},[53,71587,116],{"class":67},[53,71589,36194],{"class":273},[53,71591,125],{"class":67},[53,71593,71594,71596,71598,71600],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71595,132],{"class":131},[53,71597,116],{"class":67},[53,71599,15749],{"class":112},[53,71601,125],{"class":67},[20,71603,772],{},[44,71605,71607],{"className":46,"code":71606,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71608,71609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71610,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71612,3260],{"class":67},[53,71614,1684],{"class":273},[53,71616,81],{"class":67},[53,71618,7155],{"class":273},[53,71620,81],{"class":67},[53,71622,50202],{"class":273},[53,71624,2995],{"class":67},[39,71626,71628],{"id":71627},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71630,64524,71631,71633,71634,71636],{},[15,71632,17],{}," deletes only the ",[30,71635,29264],{}," one.",[44,71638,71640],{"className":46,"code":71639,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71641,71642,71682,71700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71643,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664,71666,71668,71670,71672,71674,71676,71678,71680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71645,7144],{"class":59},[53,71647,64],{"class":63},[53,71649,2982],{"class":67},[53,71651,72],{"class":71},[53,71653,356],{"class":75},[53,71655,72],{"class":71},[53,71657,81],{"class":67},[53,71659,84],{"class":71},[53,71661,365],{"class":75},[53,71663,72],{"class":71},[53,71665,81],{"class":67},[53,71667,84],{"class":71},[53,71669,356],{"class":75},[53,71671,72],{"class":71},[53,71673,81],{"class":67},[53,71675,84],{"class":71},[53,71677,374],{"class":75},[53,71679,72],{"class":71},[53,71681,2995],{"class":67},[53,71683,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71685,7175],{"class":59},[53,71687,37],{"class":67},[53,71689,113],{"class":112},[53,71691,116],{"class":67},[53,71693,72],{"class":71},[53,71695,356],{"class":75},[53,71697,72],{"class":71},[53,71699,125],{"class":67},[53,71701,71702,71704,71706,71708],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71703,132],{"class":131},[53,71705,116],{"class":67},[53,71707,7175],{"class":112},[53,71709,125],{"class":67},[20,71711,772],{},[44,71713,71715],{"className":46,"code":71714,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71716,71717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71718,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731,71733,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71720,3260],{"class":67},[53,71722,156],{"class":71},[53,71724,365],{"class":75},[53,71726,156],{"class":71},[53,71728,81],{"class":67},[53,71730,165],{"class":71},[53,71732,356],{"class":75},[53,71734,156],{"class":71},[53,71736,81],{"class":67},[53,71738,165],{"class":71},[53,71740,374],{"class":75},[53,71742,156],{"class":71},[53,71744,2995],{"class":67},[20,71746,71747,71748,71750],{},"Only the first ",[15,71749,57191],{}," was removed.",[20,71752,71753,71754,71756],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71755,17],{}," again:",[44,71758,71760],{"className":46,"code":71759,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71761,71762,71802,71820,71838],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71763,71764,71766,71768,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71765,7144],{"class":59},[53,71767,64],{"class":63},[53,71769,2982],{"class":67},[53,71771,72],{"class":71},[53,71773,356],{"class":75},[53,71775,72],{"class":71},[53,71777,81],{"class":67},[53,71779,84],{"class":71},[53,71781,365],{"class":75},[53,71783,72],{"class":71},[53,71785,81],{"class":67},[53,71787,84],{"class":71},[53,71789,356],{"class":75},[53,71791,72],{"class":71},[53,71793,81],{"class":67},[53,71795,84],{"class":71},[53,71797,374],{"class":75},[53,71799,72],{"class":71},[53,71801,2995],{"class":67},[53,71803,71804,71806,71808,71810,71812,71814,71816,71818],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71805,7175],{"class":59},[53,71807,37],{"class":67},[53,71809,113],{"class":112},[53,71811,116],{"class":67},[53,71813,72],{"class":71},[53,71815,356],{"class":75},[53,71817,72],{"class":71},[53,71819,125],{"class":67},[53,71821,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71823,7175],{"class":59},[53,71825,37],{"class":67},[53,71827,113],{"class":112},[53,71829,116],{"class":67},[53,71831,72],{"class":71},[53,71833,356],{"class":75},[53,71835,72],{"class":71},[53,71837,125],{"class":67},[53,71839,71840,71842,71844,71846],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,71841,132],{"class":131},[53,71843,116],{"class":67},[53,71845,7175],{"class":112},[53,71847,125],{"class":67},[20,71849,772],{},[44,71851,71853],{"className":46,"code":71852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,71854,71855],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71856,71857,71859,71861,71863,71865,71867,71869,71871,71873],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71858,3260],{"class":67},[53,71860,156],{"class":71},[53,71862,365],{"class":75},[53,71864,156],{"class":71},[53,71866,81],{"class":67},[53,71868,165],{"class":71},[53,71870,374],{"class":75},[53,71872,156],{"class":71},[53,71874,2995],{"class":67},[20,71876,71877,71878,71880],{},"If you need to remove ",[30,71879,3076],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[44,71882,71884],{"className":46,"code":71883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,71885,71886,71926,71960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71887,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71889,7144],{"class":59},[53,71891,64],{"class":63},[53,71893,2982],{"class":67},[53,71895,72],{"class":71},[53,71897,356],{"class":75},[53,71899,72],{"class":71},[53,71901,81],{"class":67},[53,71903,84],{"class":71},[53,71905,365],{"class":75},[53,71907,72],{"class":71},[53,71909,81],{"class":67},[53,71911,84],{"class":71},[53,71913,356],{"class":75},[53,71915,72],{"class":71},[53,71917,81],{"class":67},[53,71919,84],{"class":71},[53,71921,374],{"class":75},[53,71923,72],{"class":71},[53,71925,2995],{"class":67},[53,71927,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938,71940,71942,71945,71947,71949,71952,71954,71956,71958],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,71929,7144],{"class":59},[53,71931,64],{"class":63},[53,71933,2982],{"class":67},[53,71935,27894],{"class":59},[53,71937,5319],{"class":1105},[53,71939,5322],{"class":59},[53,71941,1067],{"class":1105},[53,71943,71944],{"class":59}," items ",[53,71946,1106],{"class":1105},[53,71948,5322],{"class":59},[53,71950,71951],{"class":63},"!=",[53,71953,84],{"class":71},[53,71955,356],{"class":75},[53,71957,72],{"class":71},[53,71959,2995],{"class":67},[53,71961,71962,71964,71966,71968],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,71963,132],{"class":131},[53,71965,116],{"class":67},[53,71967,7175],{"class":112},[53,71969,125],{"class":67},[20,71971,772],{},[44,71973,71974],{"className":46,"code":71852,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,71975,71976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,71977,71978,71980,71982,71984,71986,71988,71990,71992,71994],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,71979,3260],{"class":67},[53,71981,156],{"class":71},[53,71983,365],{"class":75},[53,71985,156],{"class":71},[53,71987,81],{"class":67},[53,71989,165],{"class":71},[53,71991,374],{"class":75},[53,71993,156],{"class":71},[53,71995,2995],{"class":67},[39,71997,64989],{"id":64988},[20,71999,64992,72000,37],{},[15,72001,40058],{},[44,72003,72005],{"className":46,"code":72004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72006,72007,72039],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72008,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72010,7144],{"class":59},[53,72012,64],{"class":63},[53,72014,2982],{"class":67},[53,72016,72],{"class":71},[53,72018,356],{"class":75},[53,72020,72],{"class":71},[53,72022,81],{"class":67},[53,72024,84],{"class":71},[53,72026,365],{"class":75},[53,72028,72],{"class":71},[53,72030,81],{"class":67},[53,72032,84],{"class":71},[53,72034,374],{"class":75},[53,72036,72],{"class":71},[53,72038,2995],{"class":67},[53,72040,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049,72051,72053,72055],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72042,7175],{"class":59},[53,72044,37],{"class":67},[53,72046,113],{"class":112},[53,72048,116],{"class":67},[53,72050,72],{"class":71},[53,72052,21886],{"class":75},[53,72054,72],{"class":71},[53,72056,125],{"class":67},[20,72058,772],{},[44,72060,72062],{"className":46,"code":72061,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72063,72064],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72065,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72067,40058],{"class":550},[53,72069,191],{"class":67},[53,72071,21913],{"class":550},[53,72073,37],{"class":67},[53,72075,113],{"class":112},[53,72077,116],{"class":67},[53,72079,1524],{"class":112},[53,72081,15812],{"class":67},[53,72083,3240],{"class":59},[53,72085,461],{"class":63},[53,72087,1115],{"class":63},[53,72089,72090],{"class":550}," list\n",[20,72092,72093],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72095,72096],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[44,72098,72100],{"className":46,"code":72099,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72101,72102,72134,72146,72150,72162,72177,72181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72103,72104,72106,72108,72110,72112,72114,72116,72118,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72105,7144],{"class":59},[53,72107,64],{"class":63},[53,72109,2982],{"class":67},[53,72111,72],{"class":71},[53,72113,356],{"class":75},[53,72115,72],{"class":71},[53,72117,81],{"class":67},[53,72119,84],{"class":71},[53,72121,365],{"class":75},[53,72123,72],{"class":71},[53,72125,81],{"class":67},[53,72127,84],{"class":71},[53,72129,374],{"class":75},[53,72131,72],{"class":71},[53,72133,2995],{"class":67},[53,72135,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72137,1801],{"class":59},[53,72139,64],{"class":63},[53,72141,84],{"class":71},[53,72143,21886],{"class":75},[53,72145,2715],{"class":71},[53,72147,72148],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,72149,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,72151,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,72153,1106],{"class":1105},[53,72155,20939],{"class":59},[53,72157,1067],{"class":63},[53,72159,5327],{"class":59},[53,72161,1120],{"class":67},[53,72163,72164,72167,72169,72171,72173,72175],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,72165,72166],{"class":59},"    items",[53,72168,37],{"class":67},[53,72170,113],{"class":112},[53,72172,116],{"class":67},[53,72174,236],{"class":112},[53,72176,125],{"class":67},[53,72178,72179],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,72180,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,72182,72183,72185,72187,72189],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,72184,132],{"class":131},[53,72186,116],{"class":67},[53,72188,7175],{"class":112},[53,72190,125],{"class":67},[20,72192,772],{},[44,72194,72196],{"className":46,"code":72195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72197,72198],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72199,72200,72202,72204,72206,72208,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72201,3260],{"class":67},[53,72203,156],{"class":71},[53,72205,356],{"class":75},[53,72207,156],{"class":71},[53,72209,81],{"class":67},[53,72211,165],{"class":71},[53,72213,365],{"class":75},[53,72215,156],{"class":71},[53,72217,81],{"class":67},[53,72219,165],{"class":71},[53,72221,374],{"class":75},[53,72223,156],{"class":71},[53,72225,2995],{"class":67},[20,72227,72228,72229,72231],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72230,17],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72233,72234,72235,37],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[464,72236,65198],{"href":72237},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[39,72239,72241],{"id":72240},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72243,72244,594,72246,72248],{},[15,72245,17],{},[15,72247,1260],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[193,72250,72251,72258,72264,72270],{},[196,72252,72253,72255,72256],{},[15,72254,17],{}," deletes by ",[30,72257,236],{},[196,72259,72260,72255,72262],{},[15,72261,1260],{},[30,72263,35201],{},[196,72265,72266,1751,72268],{},[15,72267,17],{},[15,72269,849],{},[196,72271,72272,72274],{},[15,72273,1260],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72276,45397,72277,191],{},[15,72278,17],{},[44,72280,72282],{"className":46,"code":72281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72283,72284,72316,72334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72285,72286,72288,72290,72292,72294,72296,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72287,7144],{"class":59},[53,72289,64],{"class":63},[53,72291,2982],{"class":67},[53,72293,72],{"class":71},[53,72295,356],{"class":75},[53,72297,72],{"class":71},[53,72299,81],{"class":67},[53,72301,84],{"class":71},[53,72303,365],{"class":75},[53,72305,72],{"class":71},[53,72307,81],{"class":67},[53,72309,84],{"class":71},[53,72311,374],{"class":75},[53,72313,72],{"class":71},[53,72315,2995],{"class":67},[53,72317,72318,72320,72322,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72319,7175],{"class":59},[53,72321,37],{"class":67},[53,72323,113],{"class":112},[53,72325,116],{"class":67},[53,72327,72],{"class":71},[53,72329,365],{"class":75},[53,72331,72],{"class":71},[53,72333,125],{"class":67},[53,72335,72336,72338,72340,72342],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,72337,132],{"class":131},[53,72339,116],{"class":67},[53,72341,7175],{"class":112},[53,72343,125],{"class":67},[20,72345,772],{},[44,72347,72349],{"className":46,"code":72348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72350,72351],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72352,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72354,3260],{"class":67},[53,72356,156],{"class":71},[53,72358,356],{"class":75},[53,72360,156],{"class":71},[53,72362,81],{"class":67},[53,72364,165],{"class":71},[53,72366,374],{"class":75},[53,72368,156],{"class":71},[53,72370,2995],{"class":67},[20,72372,45397,72373,191],{},[15,72374,1260],{},[44,72376,72378],{"className":46,"code":72377,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72379,72380,72412,72431,72435,72445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72381,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406,72408,72410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72383,7144],{"class":59},[53,72385,64],{"class":63},[53,72387,2982],{"class":67},[53,72389,72],{"class":71},[53,72391,356],{"class":75},[53,72393,72],{"class":71},[53,72395,81],{"class":67},[53,72397,84],{"class":71},[53,72399,365],{"class":75},[53,72401,72],{"class":71},[53,72403,81],{"class":67},[53,72405,84],{"class":71},[53,72407,374],{"class":75},[53,72409,72],{"class":71},[53,72411,2995],{"class":67},[53,72413,72414,72417,72419,72421,72423,72425,72427,72429],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72415,72416],{"class":59},"removed_item ",[53,72418,64],{"class":63},[53,72420,5327],{"class":59},[53,72422,37],{"class":67},[53,72424,25596],{"class":112},[53,72426,116],{"class":67},[53,72428,274],{"class":273},[53,72430,125],{"class":67},[53,72432,72433],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,72434,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,72436,72437,72439,72441,72443],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,72438,132],{"class":131},[53,72440,116],{"class":67},[53,72442,7175],{"class":112},[53,72444,125],{"class":67},[53,72446,72447,72449,72451,72454],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,72448,132],{"class":131},[53,72450,116],{"class":67},[53,72452,72453],{"class":112},"removed_item",[53,72455,125],{"class":67},[20,72457,772],{},[44,72459,72461],{"className":46,"code":72460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72462,72463,72483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72464,72465,72467,72469,72471,72473,72475,72477,72479,72481],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72466,3260],{"class":67},[53,72468,156],{"class":71},[53,72470,356],{"class":75},[53,72472,156],{"class":71},[53,72474,81],{"class":67},[53,72476,165],{"class":71},[53,72478,374],{"class":75},[53,72480,156],{"class":71},[53,72482,2995],{"class":67},[53,72484,72485],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72486,69765],{"class":59},[20,72488,174,72489,72491],{},[15,72490,17],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72493,174,72494,72496],{},[15,72495,1260],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72498,72499,72500,37],{},"For more detail, see the ",[464,72501,72502],{"href":54437},"Python list pop() method",[39,72504,72506],{"id":72505},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72508,72509,594,72511,72513],{},[15,72510,17],{},[15,72512,26380],{}," are also different.",[193,72515,72516,72521,72526,72531],{},[196,72517,72518,72520],{},[15,72519,17],{}," deletes by matching value",[196,72522,72523,72525],{},[15,72524,26380],{}," deletes by index or slice",[196,72527,174,72528,72530],{},[15,72529,26380],{}," when you know the position",[196,72532,174,72533,72535],{},[15,72534,17],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72537,45397,72538,191],{},[15,72539,26380],{},[44,72541,72543],{"className":46,"code":72542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72544,72545,72577,72589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72546,72547,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563,72565,72567,72569,72571,72573,72575],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72548,7144],{"class":59},[53,72550,64],{"class":63},[53,72552,2982],{"class":67},[53,72554,72],{"class":71},[53,72556,356],{"class":75},[53,72558,72],{"class":71},[53,72560,81],{"class":67},[53,72562,84],{"class":71},[53,72564,365],{"class":75},[53,72566,72],{"class":71},[53,72568,81],{"class":67},[53,72570,84],{"class":71},[53,72572,374],{"class":75},[53,72574,72],{"class":71},[53,72576,2995],{"class":67},[53,72578,72579,72581,72583,72585,72587],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72580,26380],{"class":1105},[53,72582,5327],{"class":59},[53,72584,3260],{"class":67},[53,72586,274],{"class":273},[53,72588,2995],{"class":67},[53,72590,72591,72593,72595,72597],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,72592,132],{"class":131},[53,72594,116],{"class":67},[53,72596,7175],{"class":112},[53,72598,125],{"class":67},[20,72600,772],{},[44,72602,72603],{"className":46,"code":72348,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,72604,72605],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72606,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72608,3260],{"class":67},[53,72610,156],{"class":71},[53,72612,356],{"class":75},[53,72614,156],{"class":71},[53,72616,81],{"class":67},[53,72618,165],{"class":71},[53,72620,374],{"class":75},[53,72622,156],{"class":71},[53,72624,2995],{"class":67},[20,72626,72627,72628,72630,72631,72633],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72629,274],{},", not the value ",[15,72632,454],{}," directly.",[20,72635,72636,72637,37],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[464,72638,54427],{"href":54426},[39,72640,2185],{"id":2184},[20,72642,20567,72643,191],{},[15,72644,17],{},[193,72646,72647,72650,72655,72662,72671],{},[196,72648,72649],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[196,72651,838,72652,72654],{},[15,72653,17],{}," to delete all matching values",[196,72656,11959,72657,72659,72660],{},[15,72658,17],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72661,849],{},[196,72663,7785,72664,43986,72666,1219,72668,72670],{},[15,72665,17],{},[15,72667,1260],{},[15,72669,26380],{}," would be a better fit",[196,72672,72673],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72675,70865],{},[44,72677,72679],{"className":46,"code":72678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72680,72681,72691,72705,72723,72737],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72682,72683,72685,72687,72689],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72684,132],{"class":131},[53,72686,116],{"class":67},[53,72688,7706],{"class":112},[53,72690,125],{"class":67},[53,72692,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72694,132],{"class":131},[53,72696,116],{"class":67},[53,72698,1801],{"class":112},[53,72700,1067],{"class":1105},[53,72702,7763],{"class":112},[53,72704,125],{"class":67},[53,72706,72707,72709,72711,72713,72715,72717,72719,72721],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,72708,132],{"class":131},[53,72710,116],{"class":67},[53,72712,7706],{"class":112},[53,72714,37],{"class":67},[53,72716,40614],{"class":112},[53,72718,116],{"class":67},[53,72720,236],{"class":112},[53,72722,1377],{"class":67},[53,72724,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,72726,132],{"class":131},[53,72728,116],{"class":67},[53,72730,2578],{"class":550},[53,72732,116],{"class":67},[53,72734,7706],{"class":112},[53,72736,1377],{"class":67},[53,72738,72739,72741,72743,72745,72747,72749],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,72740,31506],{"class":131},[53,72742,116],{"class":67},[53,72744,7460],{"class":550},[53,72746,37],{"class":67},[53,72748,113],{"class":24104},[53,72750,125],{"class":67},[20,72752,72753],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[193,72755,72756,72759,72762,72765],{},[196,72757,72758],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[196,72760,72761],{},"How many times does it appear?",[196,72763,72764],{},"Am I working with a list?",[196,72766,72767],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,72769,72770,72771,72773],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[464,72772,71029],{"href":58323}," may also help.",[39,72775,1187],{"id":1186},[599,72777,72779],{"id":72778},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,72781,72782],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[599,72784,72786],{"id":72785},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,72788,4507,72789,72791],{},[15,72790,849],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[599,72793,72795],{"id":72794},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,72797,72798,72799,72802,72803,37],{},"Check with ",[15,72800,72801],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,72804,17],{},[599,72806,72808],{"id":72807},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,72810,174,72811,72813,72814,72816],{},[15,72812,17],{}," for a value and ",[15,72815,1260],{}," for an index.",[39,72818,1244],{"id":1243},[193,72820,72821,72825,72829,72833,72837],{},[196,72822,72823],{},[464,72824,54873],{"href":54426},[196,72826,72827],{},[464,72828,72502],{"href":54437},[196,72830,72831],{},[464,72832,71029],{"href":58323},[196,72834,72835],{},[464,72836,65198],{"href":72237},[196,72838,72839],{},[464,72840,72842],{"href":72841},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1276,72844,72845],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":72847},[72848,72849,72850,72851,72852,72853,72854,72855,72856,72857,72863],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":71174,"depth":104,"text":71175},{"id":4790,"depth":104,"text":4791},{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":71627,"depth":104,"text":71628},{"id":64988,"depth":104,"text":64989},{"id":72240,"depth":104,"text":72241},{"id":72505,"depth":104,"text":72506},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":72858},[72859,72860,72861,72862],{"id":72778,"depth":128,"text":72779},{"id":72785,"depth":128,"text":72786},{"id":72794,"depth":128,"text":72795},{"id":72807,"depth":128,"text":72808},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71077,"description":72864},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":72871,"title":72872,"body":72873,"description":74764,"extension":1312,"meta":74765,"navigation":383,"path":74766,"seo":74767,"stem":74768,"__hash__":74769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":72874,"toc":74734},[72875,72881,72887,72890,72901,72903,72952,72957,72962,72966,72981,72983,73048,73050,73091,73093,73095,73110,73112,73123,73125,73182,73184,73217,73219,73222,73271,73273,73298,73300,73316,73322,73329,73390,73392,73425,73430,73433,73513,73515,73576,73582,73586,73589,73653,73655,73680,73682,73702,73704,73753,73755,73776,73785,73788,73792,73797,73842,73844,73865,73871,73876,73884,73948,73950,73987,73993,73997,74004,74069,74071,74108,74112,74129,74139,74144,74149,74160,74167,74169,74175,74198,74201,74228,74233,74236,74337,74339,74394,74397,74504,74506,74577,74580,74606,74608,74613,74617,74625,74630,74635,74641,74646,74650,74653,74670,74673,74693,74701,74703,74731],[10,72876,53701,72878,18],{"id":72877},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,72879,72880],{},"reverse()",[20,72882,72883,72886],{},[15,72884,72885],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,72888,72889],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,72891,72892,72893,72895,72896,72900],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,72894,72880],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[464,72897,72899],{"href":72898},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[39,72902,2968],{"id":2967},[44,72904,72906],{"className":46,"code":72905,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,72907,72908,72928,72939],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72909,72910,72912,72914,72916,72918,72920,72922,72924,72926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72911,266],{"class":59},[53,72913,64],{"class":63},[53,72915,2982],{"class":67},[53,72917,274],{"class":273},[53,72919,81],{"class":67},[53,72921,279],{"class":273},[53,72923,81],{"class":67},[53,72925,284],{"class":273},[53,72927,2995],{"class":67},[53,72929,72930,72932,72934,72937],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,72931,291],{"class":59},[53,72933,37],{"class":67},[53,72935,72936],{"class":112},"reverse",[53,72938,8011],{"class":67},[53,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,72942,132],{"class":131},[53,72944,116],{"class":67},[53,72946,291],{"class":112},[53,72948,3021],{"class":67},[53,72950,72951],{"class":3024},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,72953,72954,72956],{},[15,72955,72880],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[39,72958,183,72960,186],{"id":72959},"what-listreverse-does",[15,72961,72885],{},[20,72963,72964,191],{},[15,72965,72885],{},[193,72967,72968,72971,72974,72978],{},[196,72969,72970],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[196,72972,72973],{},"Changes the original list directly",[196,72975,10789,72976],{},[15,72977,849],{},[196,72979,72980],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,72982,1559],{},[44,72984,72986],{"className":46,"code":72985,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72987,72988,73028,73038],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,72989,72990,72992,72994,72996,72998,73000,73002,73004,73006,73008,73010,73012,73014,73016,73018,73020,73022,73024,73026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,72991,620],{"class":59},[53,72993,64],{"class":63},[53,72995,2982],{"class":67},[53,72997,72],{"class":71},[53,72999,464],{"class":75},[53,73001,72],{"class":71},[53,73003,81],{"class":67},[53,73005,84],{"class":71},[53,73007,637],{"class":75},[53,73009,72],{"class":71},[53,73011,81],{"class":67},[53,73013,84],{"class":71},[53,73015,646],{"class":75},[53,73017,72],{"class":71},[53,73019,81],{"class":67},[53,73021,84],{"class":71},[53,73023,666],{"class":75},[53,73025,72],{"class":71},[53,73027,2995],{"class":67},[53,73029,73030,73032,73034,73036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73031,655],{"class":59},[53,73033,37],{"class":67},[53,73035,72936],{"class":112},[53,73037,8011],{"class":67},[53,73039,73040,73042,73044,73046],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73041,132],{"class":131},[53,73043,116],{"class":67},[53,73045,655],{"class":112},[53,73047,125],{"class":67},[20,73049,772],{},[44,73051,73053],{"className":46,"code":73052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73054,73055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73056,73057,73059,73061,73063,73065,73067,73069,73071,73073,73075,73077,73079,73081,73083,73085,73087,73089],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73058,3260],{"class":67},[53,73060,156],{"class":71},[53,73062,666],{"class":75},[53,73064,156],{"class":71},[53,73066,81],{"class":67},[53,73068,165],{"class":71},[53,73070,646],{"class":75},[53,73072,156],{"class":71},[53,73074,81],{"class":67},[53,73076,165],{"class":71},[53,73078,637],{"class":75},[53,73080,156],{"class":71},[53,73082,81],{"class":67},[53,73084,165],{"class":71},[53,73086,464],{"class":75},[53,73088,156],{"class":71},[53,73090,2995],{"class":67},[39,73092,217],{"id":216},[20,73094,1510],{},[44,73096,73098],{"className":46,"code":73097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73099,73100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73101,73102,73104,73106,73108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73103,7706],{"class":59},[53,73105,37],{"class":67},[53,73107,72936],{"class":112},[53,73109,8011],{"class":67},[20,73111,12416],{},[193,73113,73114,73117,73120],{},[196,73115,73116],{},"No arguments are needed",[196,73118,73119],{},"You call it on an existing list",[196,73121,73122],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73124,1559],{},[44,73126,73128],{"className":46,"code":73127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73129,73130,73162,73172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73131,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158,73160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73133,60],{"class":59},[53,73135,64],{"class":63},[53,73137,2982],{"class":67},[53,73139,72],{"class":71},[53,73141,76],{"class":75},[53,73143,72],{"class":71},[53,73145,81],{"class":67},[53,73147,84],{"class":71},[53,73149,96],{"class":75},[53,73151,72],{"class":71},[53,73153,81],{"class":67},[53,73155,84],{"class":71},[53,73157,87],{"class":75},[53,73159,72],{"class":71},[53,73161,2995],{"class":67},[53,73163,73164,73166,73168,73170],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73165,107],{"class":59},[53,73167,37],{"class":67},[53,73169,72936],{"class":112},[53,73171,8011],{"class":67},[53,73173,73174,73176,73178,73180],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73175,132],{"class":131},[53,73177,116],{"class":67},[53,73179,107],{"class":112},[53,73181,125],{"class":67},[20,73183,772],{},[44,73185,73187],{"className":46,"code":73186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73188,73189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73190,73191,73193,73195,73197,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207,73209,73211,73213,73215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73192,3260],{"class":67},[53,73194,156],{"class":71},[53,73196,87],{"class":75},[53,73198,156],{"class":71},[53,73200,81],{"class":67},[53,73202,165],{"class":71},[53,73204,96],{"class":75},[53,73206,156],{"class":71},[53,73208,81],{"class":67},[53,73210,165],{"class":71},[53,73212,76],{"class":75},[53,73214,156],{"class":71},[53,73216,2995],{"class":67},[39,73218,337],{"id":336},[20,73220,73221],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[44,73223,73225],{"className":46,"code":73224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73226,73227,73251,73261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73228,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73230,266],{"class":59},[53,73232,64],{"class":63},[53,73234,2982],{"class":67},[53,73236,1684],{"class":273},[53,73238,81],{"class":67},[53,73240,7155],{"class":273},[53,73242,81],{"class":67},[53,73244,7160],{"class":273},[53,73246,81],{"class":67},[53,73248,50202],{"class":273},[53,73250,2995],{"class":67},[53,73252,73253,73255,73257,73259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73254,291],{"class":59},[53,73256,37],{"class":67},[53,73258,72936],{"class":112},[53,73260,8011],{"class":67},[53,73262,73263,73265,73267,73269],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73264,132],{"class":131},[53,73266,116],{"class":67},[53,73268,291],{"class":112},[53,73270,125],{"class":67},[20,73272,772],{},[44,73274,73276],{"className":46,"code":73275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73277,73278],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73279,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73281,3260],{"class":67},[53,73283,56050],{"class":273},[53,73285,81],{"class":67},[53,73287,7160],{"class":273},[53,73289,81],{"class":67},[53,73291,7155],{"class":273},[53,73293,81],{"class":67},[53,73295,5366],{"class":273},[53,73297,2995],{"class":67},[20,73299,11048],{},[193,73301,73302,73308,73313],{},[196,73303,73304,73305],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73306,73307],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[196,73309,73310,73312],{},[15,73311,72880],{}," flips the order",[196,73314,73315],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[39,73317,73319,73321],{"id":73318},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73320,72880],{}," changes the original list",[20,73323,73324,73325,73328],{},"This method is ",[30,73326,73327],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[44,73330,73332],{"className":46,"code":73331,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73333,73334,73366,73376,73380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73335,73336,73338,73340,73342,73344,73346,73348,73350,73352,73354,73356,73358,73360,73362,73364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73337,347],{"class":59},[53,73339,64],{"class":63},[53,73341,2982],{"class":67},[53,73343,72],{"class":71},[53,73345,356],{"class":75},[53,73347,72],{"class":71},[53,73349,81],{"class":67},[53,73351,84],{"class":71},[53,73353,365],{"class":75},[53,73355,72],{"class":71},[53,73357,81],{"class":67},[53,73359,84],{"class":71},[53,73361,3456],{"class":75},[53,73363,72],{"class":71},[53,73365,2995],{"class":67},[53,73367,73368,73370,73372,73374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73369,389],{"class":59},[53,73371,37],{"class":67},[53,73373,72936],{"class":112},[53,73375,8011],{"class":67},[53,73377,73378],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73379,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,73381,73382,73384,73386,73388],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,73383,132],{"class":131},[53,73385,116],{"class":67},[53,73387,389],{"class":112},[53,73389,125],{"class":67},[20,73391,772],{},[44,73393,73395],{"className":46,"code":73394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73396,73397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73398,73399,73401,73403,73405,73407,73409,73411,73413,73415,73417,73419,73421,73423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73400,3260],{"class":67},[53,73402,156],{"class":71},[53,73404,3456],{"class":75},[53,73406,156],{"class":71},[53,73408,81],{"class":67},[53,73410,165],{"class":71},[53,73412,365],{"class":75},[53,73414,156],{"class":71},[53,73416,81],{"class":67},[53,73418,165],{"class":71},[53,73420,356],{"class":75},[53,73422,156],{"class":71},[53,73424,2995],{"class":67},[20,73426,174,73427,73429],{},[15,73428,72880],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73431,73432],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[44,73434,73436],{"className":46,"code":73435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73437,73438,73470,73488,73492,73502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73439,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450,73452,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73441,347],{"class":59},[53,73443,64],{"class":63},[53,73445,2982],{"class":67},[53,73447,72],{"class":71},[53,73449,356],{"class":75},[53,73451,72],{"class":71},[53,73453,81],{"class":67},[53,73455,84],{"class":71},[53,73457,365],{"class":75},[53,73459,72],{"class":71},[53,73461,81],{"class":67},[53,73463,84],{"class":71},[53,73465,3456],{"class":75},[53,73467,72],{"class":71},[53,73469,2995],{"class":67},[53,73471,73472,73475,73477,73479,73482,73484,73486],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73473,73474],{"class":59},"reversed_fruits ",[53,73476,64],{"class":63},[53,73478,52210],{"class":59},[53,73480,73481],{"class":67},"[::",[53,73483,1371],{"class":63},[53,73485,274],{"class":273},[53,73487,2995],{"class":67},[53,73489,73490],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73491,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,73493,73494,73496,73498,73500],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,73495,132],{"class":131},[53,73497,116],{"class":67},[53,73499,389],{"class":112},[53,73501,125],{"class":67},[53,73503,73504,73506,73508,73511],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,73505,132],{"class":131},[53,73507,116],{"class":67},[53,73509,73510],{"class":112},"reversed_fruits",[53,73512,125],{"class":67},[20,73514,772],{},[44,73516,73518],{"className":46,"code":73517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73519,73520,73548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73521,73522,73524,73526,73528,73530,73532,73534,73536,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73523,3260],{"class":67},[53,73525,156],{"class":71},[53,73527,356],{"class":75},[53,73529,156],{"class":71},[53,73531,81],{"class":67},[53,73533,165],{"class":71},[53,73535,365],{"class":75},[53,73537,156],{"class":71},[53,73539,81],{"class":67},[53,73541,165],{"class":71},[53,73543,3456],{"class":75},[53,73545,156],{"class":71},[53,73547,2995],{"class":67},[53,73549,73550,73552,73554,73556,73558,73560,73562,73564,73566,73568,73570,73572,73574],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73551,3260],{"class":67},[53,73553,156],{"class":71},[53,73555,3456],{"class":75},[53,73557,156],{"class":71},[53,73559,81],{"class":67},[53,73561,165],{"class":71},[53,73563,365],{"class":75},[53,73565,156],{"class":71},[53,73567,81],{"class":67},[53,73569,165],{"class":71},[53,73571,356],{"class":75},[53,73573,156],{"class":71},[53,73575,2995],{"class":67},[20,73577,73578,73579,37],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[464,73580,73581],{"href":72898},"Python list slicing explained",[39,73583,73585],{"id":73584},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73587,73588],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[44,73590,73592],{"className":46,"code":73591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73593,73594,73614,73628,73632,73643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73595,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73597,266],{"class":59},[53,73599,64],{"class":63},[53,73601,2982],{"class":67},[53,73603,274],{"class":273},[53,73605,81],{"class":67},[53,73607,279],{"class":273},[53,73609,81],{"class":67},[53,73611,284],{"class":273},[53,73613,2995],{"class":67},[53,73615,73616,73618,73620,73622,73624,73626],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73617,55247],{"class":59},[53,73619,64],{"class":63},[53,73621,3622],{"class":59},[53,73623,37],{"class":67},[53,73625,72936],{"class":112},[53,73627,8011],{"class":67},[53,73629,73630],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73631,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,73633,73634,73636,73638,73641],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,73635,132],{"class":131},[53,73637,116],{"class":67},[53,73639,73640],{"class":112},"new_list",[53,73642,125],{"class":67},[53,73644,73645,73647,73649,73651],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,73646,132],{"class":131},[53,73648,116],{"class":67},[53,73650,291],{"class":112},[53,73652,125],{"class":67},[20,73654,772],{},[44,73656,73658],{"className":46,"code":73657,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73659,73660,73664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73661,73662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73663,931],{"class":938},[53,73665,73666,73668,73670,73672,73674,73676,73678],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73667,3260],{"class":67},[53,73669,1412],{"class":273},[53,73671,81],{"class":67},[53,73673,279],{"class":273},[53,73675,81],{"class":67},[53,73677,4858],{"class":273},[53,73679,2995],{"class":67},[20,73681,11264],{},[193,73683,73684,73692,73696],{},[196,73685,73686,73688,73689,73691],{},[15,73687,72880],{}," changes ",[15,73690,291],{}," directly",[196,73693,40260,73694,71198],{},[30,73695,461],{},[196,73697,53012,73698,41510,73700],{},[15,73699,73640],{},[15,73701,849],{},[20,73703,61257],{},[44,73705,73707],{"className":46,"code":73706,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73708,73709,73729,73739,73743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73710,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73712,266],{"class":59},[53,73714,64],{"class":63},[53,73716,2982],{"class":67},[53,73718,274],{"class":273},[53,73720,81],{"class":67},[53,73722,279],{"class":273},[53,73724,81],{"class":67},[53,73726,284],{"class":273},[53,73728,2995],{"class":67},[53,73730,73731,73733,73735,73737],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73732,291],{"class":59},[53,73734,37],{"class":67},[53,73736,72936],{"class":112},[53,73738,8011],{"class":67},[53,73740,73741],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73742,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,73744,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,73746,132],{"class":131},[53,73748,116],{"class":67},[53,73750,291],{"class":112},[53,73752,125],{"class":67},[20,73754,772],{},[44,73756,73758],{"className":46,"code":73757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73759,73760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73761,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73763,3260],{"class":67},[53,73765,1412],{"class":273},[53,73767,81],{"class":67},[53,73769,279],{"class":273},[53,73771,81],{"class":67},[53,73773,4858],{"class":273},[53,73775,2995],{"class":67},[39,73777,73779,9952,73781,73784],{"id":73778},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,73780,72880],{},[15,73782,73783],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,73786,73787],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[599,73789,73790],{"id":72936},[15,73791,72880],{},[20,73793,73794,73796],{},[15,73795,72880],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[44,73798,73800],{"className":46,"code":73799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73801,73802,73822,73832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73803,73804,73806,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73805,266],{"class":59},[53,73807,64],{"class":63},[53,73809,2982],{"class":67},[53,73811,1412],{"class":273},[53,73813,81],{"class":67},[53,73815,4858],{"class":273},[53,73817,81],{"class":67},[53,73819,279],{"class":273},[53,73821,2995],{"class":67},[53,73823,73824,73826,73828,73830],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73825,291],{"class":59},[53,73827,37],{"class":67},[53,73829,72936],{"class":112},[53,73831,8011],{"class":67},[53,73833,73834,73836,73838,73840],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73835,132],{"class":131},[53,73837,116],{"class":67},[53,73839,291],{"class":112},[53,73841,125],{"class":67},[20,73843,772],{},[44,73845,73847],{"className":46,"code":73846,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,73848,73849],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73850,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73852,3260],{"class":67},[53,73854,300],{"class":273},[53,73856,81],{"class":67},[53,73858,4858],{"class":273},[53,73860,81],{"class":67},[53,73862,284],{"class":273},[53,73864,2995],{"class":67},[20,73866,73867,73868,73870],{},"Notice that this is ",[30,73869,461],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[599,73872,73874],{"id":73873},"sorted",[15,73875,73783],{},[20,73877,73878,73883],{},[464,73879,73881],{"href":73880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,73882,73783],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[44,73885,73887],{"className":46,"code":73886,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,73888,73889,73909,73924,73928,73938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73890,73891,73893,73895,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73892,266],{"class":59},[53,73894,64],{"class":63},[53,73896,2982],{"class":67},[53,73898,1412],{"class":273},[53,73900,81],{"class":67},[53,73902,4858],{"class":273},[53,73904,81],{"class":67},[53,73906,279],{"class":273},[53,73908,2995],{"class":67},[53,73910,73911,73913,73915,73918,73920,73922],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73912,1582],{"class":59},[53,73914,64],{"class":63},[53,73916,73917],{"class":131}," sorted",[53,73919,116],{"class":67},[53,73921,291],{"class":112},[53,73923,125],{"class":67},[53,73925,73926],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,73927,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,73929,73930,73932,73934,73936],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,73931,132],{"class":131},[53,73933,116],{"class":67},[53,73935,291],{"class":112},[53,73937,125],{"class":67},[53,73939,73940,73942,73944,73946],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,73941,132],{"class":131},[53,73943,116],{"class":67},[53,73945,1617],{"class":112},[53,73947,125],{"class":67},[20,73949,772],{},[44,73951,73953],{"className":46,"code":73952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,73954,73955,73971],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,73956,73957,73959,73961,73963,73965,73967,73969],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,73958,3260],{"class":67},[53,73960,1412],{"class":273},[53,73962,81],{"class":67},[53,73964,4858],{"class":273},[53,73966,81],{"class":67},[53,73968,279],{"class":273},[53,73970,2995],{"class":67},[53,73972,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,73974,3260],{"class":67},[53,73976,274],{"class":273},[53,73978,81],{"class":67},[53,73980,279],{"class":273},[53,73982,81],{"class":67},[53,73984,284],{"class":273},[53,73986,2995],{"class":67},[20,73988,73989,73990,37],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,73991,73992],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[599,73994,73996],{"id":73995},"slicing","Slicing",[20,73998,73999,74000,74003],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74001,74002],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[44,74005,74007],{"className":46,"code":74006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74008,74009,74029,74045,74049,74059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74010,74011,74013,74015,74017,74019,74021,74023,74025,74027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74012,266],{"class":59},[53,74014,64],{"class":63},[53,74016,2982],{"class":67},[53,74018,1412],{"class":273},[53,74020,81],{"class":67},[53,74022,4858],{"class":273},[53,74024,81],{"class":67},[53,74026,279],{"class":273},[53,74028,2995],{"class":67},[53,74030,74031,74033,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74032,1582],{"class":59},[53,74034,64],{"class":63},[53,74036,3622],{"class":59},[53,74038,73481],{"class":67},[53,74040,1371],{"class":63},[53,74042,274],{"class":273},[53,74044,2995],{"class":67},[53,74046,74047],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,74048,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74050,74051,74053,74055,74057],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,74052,132],{"class":131},[53,74054,116],{"class":67},[53,74056,291],{"class":112},[53,74058,125],{"class":67},[53,74060,74061,74063,74065,74067],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,74062,132],{"class":131},[53,74064,116],{"class":67},[53,74066,1617],{"class":112},[53,74068,125],{"class":67},[20,74070,772],{},[44,74072,74074],{"className":46,"code":74073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74075,74076,74092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74077,74078,74080,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74079,3260],{"class":67},[53,74081,1412],{"class":273},[53,74083,81],{"class":67},[53,74085,4858],{"class":273},[53,74087,81],{"class":67},[53,74089,279],{"class":273},[53,74091,2995],{"class":67},[53,74093,74094,74096,74098,74100,74102,74104,74106],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74095,3260],{"class":67},[53,74097,300],{"class":273},[53,74099,81],{"class":67},[53,74101,4858],{"class":273},[53,74103,81],{"class":67},[53,74105,284],{"class":273},[53,74107,2995],{"class":67},[599,74109,74111],{"id":74110},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[193,74113,74114,74119,74124],{},[196,74115,174,74116,74118],{},[15,74117,72880],{}," when you want to change the original list",[196,74120,174,74121,74123],{},[15,74122,74002],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[196,74125,174,74126,74128],{},[15,74127,73783],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74130,74131,74132,74138],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[464,74133,74135,74136,830],{"href":74134},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74137,63671],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[39,74140,4319,74142],{"id":74141},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74143,72880],{},[20,74145,74146,74148],{},[15,74147,72880],{}," is a good choice:",[193,74150,74151,74154,74157],{},[196,74152,74153],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[196,74155,74156],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[196,74158,74159],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74161,74162,74163,37],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[464,74164,74166],{"href":74165},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[39,74168,2185],{"id":2184},[20,74170,74171,74172,74174],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74173,72880],{}," for these reasons:",[193,74176,74177,74181,74186,74191],{},[196,74178,11959,74179,11962],{},[15,74180,72880],{},[196,74182,838,74183,74185],{},[15,74184,72880],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[196,74187,7785,74188,74190],{},[15,74189,72880],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[196,74192,1151,74193,1154,74195],{},[15,74194,72880],{},[15,74196,74197],{},"reversed()",[20,74199,74200],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[44,74202,74204],{"className":46,"code":74203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74205,74206,74218],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74207,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74209,34042],{"class":59},[53,74211,64],{"class":63},[53,74213,84],{"class":71},[53,74215,3206],{"class":75},[53,74217,2715],{"class":71},[53,74219,74220,74222,74224,74226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74221,34063],{"class":59},[53,74223,37],{"class":67},[53,74225,72936],{"class":112},[53,74227,8011],{"class":67},[20,74229,74230,74231,32954],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74232,72880],{},[20,74234,74235],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[44,74237,74239],{"className":46,"code":74238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74240,74241,74261,74265,74275,74289,74293,74307,74317,74321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74242,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74244,7675],{"class":59},[53,74246,64],{"class":63},[53,74248,2982],{"class":67},[53,74250,274],{"class":273},[53,74252,81],{"class":67},[53,74254,279],{"class":273},[53,74256,81],{"class":67},[53,74258,284],{"class":273},[53,74260,2995],{"class":67},[53,74262,74263],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74264,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74266,74267,74269,74271,74273],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,74268,132],{"class":131},[53,74270,116],{"class":67},[53,74272,7706],{"class":112},[53,74274,125],{"class":67},[53,74276,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,74278,132],{"class":131},[53,74280,116],{"class":67},[53,74282,2578],{"class":550},[53,74284,116],{"class":67},[53,74286,7706],{"class":112},[53,74288,1377],{"class":67},[53,74290,74291],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,74292,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74294,74295,74297,74299,74301,74303,74305],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,74296,1582],{"class":59},[53,74298,64],{"class":63},[53,74300,7763],{"class":59},[53,74302,37],{"class":67},[53,74304,72936],{"class":112},[53,74306,8011],{"class":67},[53,74308,74309,74311,74313,74315],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,74310,132],{"class":131},[53,74312,116],{"class":67},[53,74314,1617],{"class":112},[53,74316,125],{"class":67},[53,74318,74319],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,74320,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74322,74323,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,74324,132],{"class":131},[53,74326,116],{"class":67},[53,74328,7706],{"class":112},[53,74330,73481],{"class":67},[53,74332,1371],{"class":63},[53,74334,274],{"class":273},[53,74336,3248],{"class":67},[20,74338,772],{},[44,74340,74342],{"className":46,"code":74341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74343,74344,74360,74374,74378],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74345,74346,74348,74350,74352,74354,74356,74358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74347,3260],{"class":67},[53,74349,274],{"class":273},[53,74351,81],{"class":67},[53,74353,279],{"class":273},[53,74355,81],{"class":67},[53,74357,284],{"class":273},[53,74359,2995],{"class":67},[53,74361,74362,74364,74366,74368,74370,74372],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74363,2647],{"class":63},[53,74365,2650],{"class":1415},[53,74367,165],{"class":71},[53,74369,7460],{"class":75},[53,74371,156],{"class":71},[53,74373,2659],{"class":63},[53,74375,74376],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,74377,931],{"class":938},[53,74379,74380,74382,74384,74386,74388,74390,74392],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,74381,3260],{"class":67},[53,74383,274],{"class":273},[53,74385,81],{"class":67},[53,74387,279],{"class":273},[53,74389,81],{"class":67},[53,74391,4858],{"class":273},[53,74393,2995],{"class":67},[20,74395,74396],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[44,74398,74400],{"className":46,"code":74399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74401,74402,74422,74426,74436,74450,74454,74468,74478,74488],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74403,74404,74406,74408,74410,74412,74414,74416,74418,74420],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74405,7675],{"class":59},[53,74407,64],{"class":63},[53,74409,2982],{"class":67},[53,74411,274],{"class":273},[53,74413,81],{"class":67},[53,74415,279],{"class":273},[53,74417,81],{"class":67},[53,74419,284],{"class":273},[53,74421,2995],{"class":67},[53,74423,74424],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74425,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74427,74428,74430,74432,74434],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,74429,132],{"class":131},[53,74431,116],{"class":67},[53,74433,7706],{"class":112},[53,74435,125],{"class":67},[53,74437,74438,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,74439,132],{"class":131},[53,74441,116],{"class":67},[53,74443,2578],{"class":550},[53,74445,116],{"class":67},[53,74447,7706],{"class":112},[53,74449,1377],{"class":67},[53,74451,74452],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,74453,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74455,74456,74458,74460,74462,74464,74466],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,74457,1582],{"class":59},[53,74459,64],{"class":63},[53,74461,7763],{"class":59},[53,74463,37],{"class":67},[53,74465,72936],{"class":112},[53,74467,8011],{"class":67},[53,74469,74470,74472,74474,74476],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,74471,132],{"class":131},[53,74473,116],{"class":67},[53,74475,1617],{"class":112},[53,74477,125],{"class":67},[53,74479,74480,74482,74484,74486],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,74481,132],{"class":131},[53,74483,116],{"class":67},[53,74485,7706],{"class":112},[53,74487,125],{"class":67},[53,74489,74490,74492,74494,74496,74498,74500,74502],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,74491,132],{"class":131},[53,74493,116],{"class":67},[53,74495,7706],{"class":112},[53,74497,73481],{"class":67},[53,74499,1371],{"class":63},[53,74501,274],{"class":273},[53,74503,3248],{"class":67},[20,74505,772],{},[44,74507,74509],{"className":46,"code":74508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74510,74511,74527,74541,74545,74561],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74512,74513,74515,74517,74519,74521,74523,74525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74514,3260],{"class":67},[53,74516,274],{"class":273},[53,74518,81],{"class":67},[53,74520,279],{"class":273},[53,74522,81],{"class":67},[53,74524,284],{"class":273},[53,74526,2995],{"class":67},[53,74528,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537,74539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74530,2647],{"class":63},[53,74532,2650],{"class":1415},[53,74534,165],{"class":71},[53,74536,7460],{"class":75},[53,74538,156],{"class":71},[53,74540,2659],{"class":63},[53,74542,74543],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,74544,931],{"class":938},[53,74546,74547,74549,74551,74553,74555,74557,74559],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,74548,3260],{"class":67},[53,74550,1412],{"class":273},[53,74552,81],{"class":67},[53,74554,279],{"class":273},[53,74556,81],{"class":67},[53,74558,4858],{"class":273},[53,74560,2995],{"class":67},[53,74562,74563,74565,74567,74569,74571,74573,74575],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,74564,3260],{"class":67},[53,74566,274],{"class":273},[53,74568,81],{"class":67},[53,74570,279],{"class":273},[53,74572,81],{"class":67},[53,74574,284],{"class":273},[53,74576,2995],{"class":67},[20,74578,74579],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[193,74581,74582,74591,74600],{},[196,74583,27151,74584,74587,74588],{},[15,74585,74586],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74589,74590],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[196,74592,11280,74593,74596,74597,21913],{},[15,74594,74595],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[30,74598,74599],{},"current",[196,74601,74602,74603],{},"So it prints ",[15,74604,74605],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[39,74607,1187],{"id":1186},[599,74609,1191,74611,54827],{"id":74610},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74612,72885],{},[20,74614,61962,74615,37],{},[15,74616,849],{},[599,74618,33559,74620,33562,74622,1222],{"id":74619},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74621,72880],{},[15,74623,74624],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74626,74627,74629],{},[15,74628,72880],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74631,74632,74634],{},[15,74633,74624],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[599,74636,27684,74638,74640],{"id":74637},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74639,72880],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74642,45722,74643,74645],{},[15,74644,72880],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[599,74647,74649],{"id":74648},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74651,74652],{},"Use slicing:",[44,74654,74656],{"className":46,"code":74655,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74657,74658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74659,74660,74662,74664,74666,74668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74661,7706],{"class":59},[53,74663,73481],{"class":67},[53,74665,1371],{"class":63},[53,74667,274],{"class":273},[53,74669,2995],{"class":67},[20,74671,74672],{},"Or use:",[44,74674,74676],{"className":46,"code":74675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74677,74678],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74679,74680,74682,74684,74687,74689,74691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74681,7460],{"class":550},[53,74683,116],{"class":67},[53,74685,74686],{"class":131},"reversed",[53,74688,116],{"class":67},[53,74690,7706],{"class":112},[53,74692,1377],{"class":67},[20,74694,74695,74696,74700],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[464,74697,54878,74698],{"href":54319},[15,74699,12140],{}," can also help.",[39,74702,1244],{"id":1243},[193,74704,74705,74711,74717,74721,74725],{},[196,74706,74707],{},[464,74708,54878,74709,830],{"href":74134},[15,74710,63671],{},[196,74712,74713],{},[464,74714,2934,74715,2867],{"href":73880},[15,74716,73783],{},[196,74718,74719],{},[464,74720,74166],{"href":74165},[196,74722,74723],{},[464,74724,73581],{"href":72898},[196,74726,74727],{},[464,74728,54878,74729,830],{"href":54319},[15,74730,12140],{},[1276,74732,74733],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":74735},[74736,74737,74739,74740,74741,74743,74744,74751,74753,74754,74763],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":72959,"depth":104,"text":74738},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":73318,"depth":104,"text":74742},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73584,"depth":104,"text":73585},{"id":73778,"depth":104,"text":74745,"children":74746},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74747,74748,74749,74750],{"id":72936,"depth":128,"text":72880},{"id":73873,"depth":128,"text":73783},{"id":73995,"depth":128,"text":73996},{"id":74110,"depth":128,"text":74111},{"id":74141,"depth":104,"text":74752},"When to use reverse()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":74755},[74756,74758,74760,74762],{"id":74610,"depth":128,"text":74757},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74619,"depth":128,"text":74759},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74637,"depth":128,"text":74761},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74648,"depth":128,"text":74649},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":72872,"description":74764},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":74771,"title":74772,"body":74773,"description":77206,"extension":1312,"meta":77207,"navigation":383,"path":77208,"seo":77209,"stem":77210,"__hash__":77211},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":74774,"toc":77174},[74775,74778,74790,74793,74816,74824,74826,74938,74947,74951,74954,74957,75044,75046,75079,75081,75104,75110,75114,75117,75139,75141,75158,75161,75181,75183,75293,75295,75372,75376,75379,75422,75424,75557,75559,75661,75666,75670,75673,75675,75689,75692,75806,75808,75882,75884,75912,75916,75921,75951,75954,76080,76082,76164,76170,76174,76176,76215,76224,76228,76231,76235,76282,76284,76292,76296,76347,76349,76362,76364,76378,76381,76389,76391,76438,76440,76448,76451,76494,76499,76502,76505,76528,76532,76583,76586,76607,76617,76621,76623,76653,76656,76679,76683,76686,76753,76755,76792,76795,76803,76870,76872,76909,76915,76922,76926,76929,76959,76964,76968,76971,76995,76998,77092,77102,77104,77108,77111,77115,77118,77123,77126,77132,77135,77137,77165,77171],[10,74776,74772],{"id":74777},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,74779,74780,74781,1540,74783,16431,74786,74789],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,74782,35428],{},[15,74784,74785],{},"stop",[15,74787,74788],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,74791,74792],{},"The basic slice form is:",[44,74794,74796],{"className":46,"code":74795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,74797,74798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74799,74800,74802,74804,74806,74808,74810,74812,74814],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74801,7706],{"class":59},[53,74803,3260],{"class":67},[53,74805,35428],{"class":59},[53,74807,191],{"class":67},[53,74809,74785],{"class":59},[53,74811,191],{"class":67},[53,74813,74788],{"class":59},[53,74815,2995],{"class":67},[20,74817,74818,74819,74821,74822,37],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,74820,74785],{}," position is ",[30,74823,64429],{},[39,74825,42],{"id":41},[44,74827,74829],{"className":46,"code":74828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,74830,74831,74859,74863,74884,74902,74919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74832,74833,74835,74837,74839,74841,74843,74845,74847,74849,74851,74853,74855,74857],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74834,266],{"class":59},[53,74836,64],{"class":63},[53,74838,2982],{"class":67},[53,74840,1684],{"class":273},[53,74842,81],{"class":67},[53,74844,7155],{"class":273},[53,74846,81],{"class":67},[53,74848,7160],{"class":273},[53,74850,81],{"class":67},[53,74852,50202],{"class":273},[53,74854,81],{"class":67},[53,74856,4439],{"class":273},[53,74858,2995],{"class":67},[53,74860,74861],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,74862,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,74864,74865,74867,74869,74871,74873,74875,74877,74879,74881],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,74866,132],{"class":131},[53,74868,116],{"class":67},[53,74870,291],{"class":112},[53,74872,3260],{"class":67},[53,74874,274],{"class":273},[53,74876,191],{"class":67},[53,74878,1858],{"class":273},[53,74880,19802],{"class":67},[53,74882,74883],{"class":3024},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[53,74885,74886,74888,74890,74892,74895,74897,74899],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,74887,132],{"class":131},[53,74889,116],{"class":67},[53,74891,291],{"class":112},[53,74893,74894],{"class":67},"[:",[53,74896,1412],{"class":273},[53,74898,19802],{"class":67},[53,74900,74901],{"class":3024},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[53,74903,74904,74906,74908,74910,74912,74914,74916],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,74905,132],{"class":131},[53,74907,116],{"class":67},[53,74909,291],{"class":112},[53,74911,73481],{"class":67},[53,74913,300],{"class":273},[53,74915,19802],{"class":67},[53,74917,74918],{"class":3024},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[53,74920,74921,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931,74933,74935],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,74922,132],{"class":131},[53,74924,116],{"class":67},[53,74926,291],{"class":112},[53,74928,73481],{"class":67},[53,74930,1371],{"class":63},[53,74932,274],{"class":273},[53,74934,19802],{"class":67},[53,74936,74937],{"class":3024},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,74939,174,74940,74943,74944,74946],{},[15,74941,74942],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,74945,74785],{}," value is not included.",[39,74948,74950],{"id":74949},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,74952,74953],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,74955,74956],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[44,74958,74960],{"className":46,"code":74959,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,74961,74962,75010,75014,75033],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,74963,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974,74976,74978,74980,74982,74984,74986,74988,74990,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002,75004,75006,75008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,74965,620],{"class":59},[53,74967,64],{"class":63},[53,74969,2982],{"class":67},[53,74971,72],{"class":71},[53,74973,464],{"class":75},[53,74975,72],{"class":71},[53,74977,81],{"class":67},[53,74979,84],{"class":71},[53,74981,637],{"class":75},[53,74983,72],{"class":71},[53,74985,81],{"class":67},[53,74987,84],{"class":71},[53,74989,646],{"class":75},[53,74991,72],{"class":71},[53,74993,81],{"class":67},[53,74995,84],{"class":71},[53,74997,666],{"class":75},[53,74999,72],{"class":71},[53,75001,81],{"class":67},[53,75003,84],{"class":71},[53,75005,59806],{"class":75},[53,75007,72],{"class":71},[53,75009,2995],{"class":67},[53,75011,75012],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75013,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,75015,75016,75019,75021,75023,75025,75027,75029,75031],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75017,75018],{"class":59},"part ",[53,75020,64],{"class":63},[53,75022,69455],{"class":59},[53,75024,3260],{"class":67},[53,75026,274],{"class":273},[53,75028,191],{"class":67},[53,75030,1858],{"class":273},[53,75032,2995],{"class":67},[53,75034,75035,75037,75039,75042],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,75036,132],{"class":131},[53,75038,116],{"class":67},[53,75040,75041],{"class":112},"part",[53,75043,125],{"class":67},[20,75045,772],{},[44,75047,75049],{"className":46,"code":75048,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75050,75051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75052,75053,75055,75057,75059,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75054,3260],{"class":67},[53,75056,156],{"class":71},[53,75058,637],{"class":75},[53,75060,156],{"class":71},[53,75062,81],{"class":67},[53,75064,165],{"class":71},[53,75066,646],{"class":75},[53,75068,156],{"class":71},[53,75070,81],{"class":67},[53,75072,165],{"class":71},[53,75074,666],{"class":75},[53,75076,156],{"class":71},[53,75078,2995],{"class":67},[20,75080,12416],{},[193,75082,75083,75086,75089,75095,75101],{},[196,75084,75085],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[196,75087,75088],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[196,75090,75091,75092],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75093,75094],{},"list[start:stop]",[196,75096,75097,75098,75100],{},"The item at ",[15,75099,74785],{}," is not included",[196,75102,75103],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75105,75106,75107,37],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[464,75108,75109],{"href":50338},"beginner guide to Python lists",[39,75111,75113],{"id":75112},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75115,75116],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[44,75118,75119],{"className":46,"code":74795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,75120,75121],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75122,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75124,7706],{"class":59},[53,75126,3260],{"class":67},[53,75128,35428],{"class":59},[53,75130,191],{"class":67},[53,75132,74785],{"class":59},[53,75134,191],{"class":67},[53,75136,74788],{"class":59},[53,75138,2995],{"class":67},[20,75140,64405],{},[193,75142,75143,75148,75153],{},[196,75144,75145,75147],{},[15,75146,35428],{}," is where slicing begins",[196,75149,75150,75152],{},[15,75151,74785],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[196,75154,75155,75157],{},[15,75156,74788],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75159,75160],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[193,75162,75163,75169,75174],{},[196,75164,75165,75166,75168],{},"Missing ",[15,75167,35428],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[196,75170,75165,75171,75173],{},[15,75172,74785],{}," means go to the end of the list",[196,75175,75165,75176,75178,75179],{},[15,75177,74788],{}," means use ",[15,75180,274],{},[20,75182,1559],{},[44,75184,75186],{"className":46,"code":75185,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75187,75188,75216,75220,75241,75258,75276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75189,75190,75192,75194,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75191,266],{"class":59},[53,75193,64],{"class":63},[53,75195,2982],{"class":67},[53,75197,1684],{"class":273},[53,75199,81],{"class":67},[53,75201,7155],{"class":273},[53,75203,81],{"class":67},[53,75205,7160],{"class":273},[53,75207,81],{"class":67},[53,75209,50202],{"class":273},[53,75211,81],{"class":67},[53,75213,4439],{"class":273},[53,75215,2995],{"class":67},[53,75217,75218],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75219,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,75221,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75223,132],{"class":131},[53,75225,116],{"class":67},[53,75227,291],{"class":112},[53,75229,3260],{"class":67},[53,75231,274],{"class":273},[53,75233,191],{"class":67},[53,75235,1858],{"class":273},[53,75237,19802],{"class":67},[53,75239,75240],{"class":3024},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[53,75242,75243,75245,75247,75249,75251,75253,75255],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,75244,132],{"class":131},[53,75246,116],{"class":67},[53,75248,291],{"class":112},[53,75250,74894],{"class":67},[53,75252,1412],{"class":273},[53,75254,19802],{"class":67},[53,75256,75257],{"class":3024},"    # start from the beginning\n",[53,75259,75260,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75273],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,75261,132],{"class":131},[53,75263,116],{"class":67},[53,75265,291],{"class":112},[53,75267,3260],{"class":67},[53,75269,300],{"class":273},[53,75271,75272],{"class":67},":])",[53,75274,75275],{"class":3024},"    # go to the end\n",[53,75277,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,75279,132],{"class":131},[53,75281,116],{"class":67},[53,75283,291],{"class":112},[53,75285,73481],{"class":67},[53,75287,274],{"class":273},[53,75289,19802],{"class":67},[53,75291,75292],{"class":3024},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75294,772],{},[44,75296,75298],{"className":46,"code":75297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75299,75300,75316,75332,75348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75301,75302,75304,75306,75308,75310,75312,75314],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75303,3260],{"class":67},[53,75305,15114],{"class":273},[53,75307,81],{"class":67},[53,75309,7160],{"class":273},[53,75311,81],{"class":67},[53,75313,50202],{"class":273},[53,75315,2995],{"class":67},[53,75317,75318,75320,75322,75324,75326,75328,75330],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75319,3260],{"class":67},[53,75321,1684],{"class":273},[53,75323,81],{"class":67},[53,75325,7155],{"class":273},[53,75327,81],{"class":67},[53,75329,7160],{"class":273},[53,75331,2995],{"class":67},[53,75333,75334,75336,75338,75340,75342,75344,75346],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75335,3260],{"class":67},[53,75337,36194],{"class":273},[53,75339,81],{"class":67},[53,75341,50202],{"class":273},[53,75343,81],{"class":67},[53,75345,4439],{"class":273},[53,75347,2995],{"class":67},[53,75349,75350,75352,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368,75370],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,75351,3260],{"class":67},[53,75353,1684],{"class":273},[53,75355,81],{"class":67},[53,75357,7155],{"class":273},[53,75359,81],{"class":67},[53,75361,7160],{"class":273},[53,75363,81],{"class":67},[53,75365,50202],{"class":273},[53,75367,81],{"class":67},[53,75369,4439],{"class":273},[53,75371,2995],{"class":67},[39,75373,75375],{"id":75374},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75377,75378],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[193,75380,75381,75390,75399,75410,75416],{},[196,75382,75383,75386,75387,5327],{},[15,75384,75385],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75388,75389],{},"n",[196,75391,75392,75395,75396,75398],{},[15,75393,75394],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75397,75389],{}," to the end",[196,75400,75401,75404,75405,75407,75408],{},[15,75402,75403],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75406,464],{}," up to ",[15,75409,637],{},[196,75411,75412,75415],{},[15,75413,75414],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[196,75417,75418,75421],{},[15,75419,75420],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75423,1559],{},[44,75425,75427],{"className":46,"code":75426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75428,75429,75462,75466,75483,75500,75521,75538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75430,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445,75447,75449,75451,75453,75455,75457,75460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75432,266],{"class":59},[53,75434,64],{"class":63},[53,75436,2982],{"class":67},[53,75438,1684],{"class":273},[53,75440,81],{"class":67},[53,75442,7155],{"class":273},[53,75444,81],{"class":67},[53,75446,7160],{"class":273},[53,75448,81],{"class":67},[53,75450,50202],{"class":273},[53,75452,81],{"class":67},[53,75454,4439],{"class":273},[53,75456,81],{"class":67},[53,75458,75459],{"class":273}," 60",[53,75461,2995],{"class":67},[53,75463,75464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75465,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,75467,75468,75470,75472,75474,75476,75478,75480],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75469,132],{"class":131},[53,75471,116],{"class":67},[53,75473,291],{"class":112},[53,75475,74894],{"class":67},[53,75477,1412],{"class":273},[53,75479,19802],{"class":67},[53,75481,75482],{"class":3024},"    # first 3 items\n",[53,75484,75485,75487,75489,75491,75493,75495,75497],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,75486,132],{"class":131},[53,75488,116],{"class":67},[53,75490,291],{"class":112},[53,75492,3260],{"class":67},[53,75494,1412],{"class":273},[53,75496,75272],{"class":67},[53,75498,75499],{"class":3024},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[53,75501,75502,75504,75506,75508,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,75503,132],{"class":131},[53,75505,116],{"class":67},[53,75507,291],{"class":112},[53,75509,3260],{"class":67},[53,75511,274],{"class":273},[53,75513,191],{"class":67},[53,75515,1487],{"class":273},[53,75517,19802],{"class":67},[53,75519,75520],{"class":3024},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[53,75522,75523,75525,75527,75529,75531,75533,75535],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,75524,132],{"class":131},[53,75526,116],{"class":67},[53,75528,291],{"class":112},[53,75530,73481],{"class":67},[53,75532,300],{"class":273},[53,75534,19802],{"class":67},[53,75536,75537],{"class":3024},"   # every second item\n",[53,75539,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548,75550,75552,75554],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,75541,132],{"class":131},[53,75543,116],{"class":67},[53,75545,291],{"class":112},[53,75547,73481],{"class":67},[53,75549,1371],{"class":63},[53,75551,274],{"class":273},[53,75553,19802],{"class":67},[53,75555,75556],{"class":3024},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75558,772],{},[44,75560,75562],{"className":46,"code":75561,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75563,75564,75580,75596,75616,75632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75565,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75567,3260],{"class":67},[53,75569,1684],{"class":273},[53,75571,81],{"class":67},[53,75573,7155],{"class":273},[53,75575,81],{"class":67},[53,75577,7160],{"class":273},[53,75579,2995],{"class":67},[53,75581,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75583,3260],{"class":67},[53,75585,56050],{"class":273},[53,75587,81],{"class":67},[53,75589,4439],{"class":273},[53,75591,81],{"class":67},[53,75593,75459],{"class":273},[53,75595,2995],{"class":67},[53,75597,75598,75600,75602,75604,75606,75608,75610,75612,75614],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75599,3260],{"class":67},[53,75601,15114],{"class":273},[53,75603,81],{"class":67},[53,75605,7160],{"class":273},[53,75607,81],{"class":67},[53,75609,50202],{"class":273},[53,75611,81],{"class":67},[53,75613,4439],{"class":273},[53,75615,2995],{"class":67},[53,75617,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628,75630],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,75619,3260],{"class":67},[53,75621,1684],{"class":273},[53,75623,81],{"class":67},[53,75625,7160],{"class":273},[53,75627,81],{"class":67},[53,75629,4439],{"class":273},[53,75631,2995],{"class":67},[53,75633,75634,75636,75639,75641,75643,75645,75647,75649,75651,75653,75655,75657,75659],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,75635,3260],{"class":67},[53,75637,75638],{"class":273},"60",[53,75640,81],{"class":67},[53,75642,4439],{"class":273},[53,75644,81],{"class":67},[53,75646,50202],{"class":273},[53,75648,81],{"class":67},[53,75650,7160],{"class":273},[53,75652,81],{"class":67},[53,75654,7155],{"class":273},[53,75656,81],{"class":67},[53,75658,5366],{"class":273},[53,75660,2995],{"class":67},[20,75662,75663,75664,37],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[464,75665,14248],{"href":56577},[39,75667,75669],{"id":75668},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75671,75672],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75674,4832],{},[193,75676,75677,75683],{},[196,75678,75679,75682],{},[15,75680,75681],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[196,75684,75685,75688],{},[15,75686,75687],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75690,75691],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[44,75693,75695],{"className":46,"code":75694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75696,75697,75745,75749,75768,75787],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75698,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729,75731,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75700,620],{"class":59},[53,75702,64],{"class":63},[53,75704,2982],{"class":67},[53,75706,72],{"class":71},[53,75708,464],{"class":75},[53,75710,72],{"class":71},[53,75712,81],{"class":67},[53,75714,84],{"class":71},[53,75716,637],{"class":75},[53,75718,72],{"class":71},[53,75720,81],{"class":67},[53,75722,84],{"class":71},[53,75724,646],{"class":75},[53,75726,72],{"class":71},[53,75728,81],{"class":67},[53,75730,84],{"class":71},[53,75732,666],{"class":75},[53,75734,72],{"class":71},[53,75736,81],{"class":67},[53,75738,84],{"class":71},[53,75740,59806],{"class":75},[53,75742,72],{"class":71},[53,75744,2995],{"class":67},[53,75746,75747],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75748,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,75750,75751,75753,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75752,132],{"class":131},[53,75754,116],{"class":67},[53,75756,655],{"class":112},[53,75758,3260],{"class":67},[53,75760,1371],{"class":63},[53,75762,274],{"class":273},[53,75764,19802],{"class":67},[53,75766,75767],{"class":3024},"    # last item\n",[53,75769,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,75771,132],{"class":131},[53,75773,116],{"class":67},[53,75775,655],{"class":112},[53,75777,3260],{"class":67},[53,75779,1371],{"class":63},[53,75781,1412],{"class":273},[53,75783,75272],{"class":67},[53,75785,75786],{"class":3024},"   # last 3 items\n",[53,75788,75789,75791,75793,75795,75797,75799,75801,75803],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,75790,132],{"class":131},[53,75792,116],{"class":67},[53,75794,655],{"class":112},[53,75796,74894],{"class":67},[53,75798,1371],{"class":63},[53,75800,274],{"class":273},[53,75802,19802],{"class":67},[53,75804,75805],{"class":3024},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,75807,772],{},[44,75809,75811],{"className":46,"code":75810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75812,75813,75818,75846],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75814,75815],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75816,75817],{"class":59},"e\n",[53,75819,75820,75822,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75821,3260],{"class":67},[53,75823,156],{"class":71},[53,75825,646],{"class":75},[53,75827,156],{"class":71},[53,75829,81],{"class":67},[53,75831,165],{"class":71},[53,75833,666],{"class":75},[53,75835,156],{"class":71},[53,75837,81],{"class":67},[53,75839,165],{"class":71},[53,75841,59806],{"class":75},[53,75843,156],{"class":71},[53,75845,2995],{"class":67},[53,75847,75848,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75849,3260],{"class":67},[53,75851,156],{"class":71},[53,75853,464],{"class":75},[53,75855,156],{"class":71},[53,75857,81],{"class":67},[53,75859,165],{"class":71},[53,75861,637],{"class":75},[53,75863,156],{"class":71},[53,75865,81],{"class":67},[53,75867,165],{"class":71},[53,75869,646],{"class":75},[53,75871,156],{"class":71},[53,75873,81],{"class":67},[53,75875,165],{"class":71},[53,75877,666],{"class":75},[53,75879,156],{"class":71},[53,75881,2995],{"class":67},[20,75883,12416],{},[193,75885,75886,75889,75893,75899,75905],{},[196,75887,75888],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[196,75890,75891,75682],{},[15,75892,75681],{},[196,75894,75895,75898],{},[15,75896,75897],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[196,75900,75901,75904],{},[15,75902,75903],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[196,75906,75907,75908,594,75910],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,75909,35428],{},[15,75911,74785],{},[39,75913,75915],{"id":75914},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,75917,1329,75918,75920],{},[15,75919,74788],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[193,75922,75923,75926,75929,75934,75944],{},[196,75924,75925],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[196,75927,75928],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[196,75930,75931,75933],{},[15,75932,75420],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[196,75935,8243,75936,75938,75939,75941,75942],{},[15,75937,74788],{}," is negative, ",[15,75940,35428],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,75943,74785],{},[196,75945,75946,75948,75949],{},[15,75947,74788],{}," cannot be ",[15,75950,1470],{},[20,75952,75953],{},"Example with different step values:",[44,75955,75957],{"className":46,"code":75956,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,75958,75959,75991,75995,76012,76034,76053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,75960,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,75962,266],{"class":59},[53,75964,64],{"class":63},[53,75966,2982],{"class":67},[53,75968,1684],{"class":273},[53,75970,81],{"class":67},[53,75972,7155],{"class":273},[53,75974,81],{"class":67},[53,75976,7160],{"class":273},[53,75978,81],{"class":67},[53,75980,50202],{"class":273},[53,75982,81],{"class":67},[53,75984,4439],{"class":273},[53,75986,81],{"class":67},[53,75988,75459],{"class":273},[53,75990,2995],{"class":67},[53,75992,75993],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,75994,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,75996,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,75998,132],{"class":131},[53,76000,116],{"class":67},[53,76002,291],{"class":112},[53,76004,73481],{"class":67},[53,76006,300],{"class":273},[53,76008,19802],{"class":67},[53,76010,76011],{"class":3024},"     # every second item\n",[53,76013,76014,76016,76018,76020,76022,76024,76027,76029,76031],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,76015,132],{"class":131},[53,76017,116],{"class":67},[53,76019,291],{"class":112},[53,76021,3260],{"class":67},[53,76023,274],{"class":273},[53,76025,76026],{"class":67},"::",[53,76028,300],{"class":273},[53,76030,19802],{"class":67},[53,76032,76033],{"class":3024},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[53,76035,76036,76038,76040,76042,76044,76046,76048,76050],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,76037,132],{"class":131},[53,76039,116],{"class":67},[53,76041,291],{"class":112},[53,76043,73481],{"class":67},[53,76045,1371],{"class":63},[53,76047,274],{"class":273},[53,76049,19802],{"class":67},[53,76051,76052],{"class":3024},"    # reverse the list\n",[53,76054,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,76056,132],{"class":131},[53,76058,116],{"class":67},[53,76060,291],{"class":112},[53,76062,3260],{"class":67},[53,76064,1858],{"class":273},[53,76066,191],{"class":67},[53,76068,274],{"class":273},[53,76070,191],{"class":67},[53,76072,1371],{"class":63},[53,76074,274],{"class":273},[53,76076,19802],{"class":67},[53,76078,76079],{"class":3024},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76081,772],{},[44,76083,76085],{"className":46,"code":76084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76086,76087,76103,76119,76147],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76088,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76090,3260],{"class":67},[53,76092,1684],{"class":273},[53,76094,81],{"class":67},[53,76096,7160],{"class":273},[53,76098,81],{"class":67},[53,76100,4439],{"class":273},[53,76102,2995],{"class":67},[53,76104,76105,76107,76109,76111,76113,76115,76117],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76106,3260],{"class":67},[53,76108,15114],{"class":273},[53,76110,81],{"class":67},[53,76112,50202],{"class":273},[53,76114,81],{"class":67},[53,76116,75459],{"class":273},[53,76118,2995],{"class":67},[53,76120,76121,76123,76125,76127,76129,76131,76133,76135,76137,76139,76141,76143,76145],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76122,3260],{"class":67},[53,76124,75638],{"class":273},[53,76126,81],{"class":67},[53,76128,4439],{"class":273},[53,76130,81],{"class":67},[53,76132,50202],{"class":273},[53,76134,81],{"class":67},[53,76136,7160],{"class":273},[53,76138,81],{"class":67},[53,76140,7155],{"class":273},[53,76142,81],{"class":67},[53,76144,5366],{"class":273},[53,76146,2995],{"class":67},[53,76148,76149,76151,76154,76156,76158,76160,76162],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,76150,3260],{"class":67},[53,76152,76153],{"class":273},"50",[53,76155,81],{"class":67},[53,76157,50202],{"class":273},[53,76159,81],{"class":67},[53,76161,7160],{"class":273},[53,76163,2995],{"class":67},[20,76165,76166,76167,37],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[464,76168,76169],{"href":74165},"how to reverse a list in Python",[599,76171,76173],{"id":76172},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76175,2192],{},[44,76177,76179],{"className":46,"code":76178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76180,76181,76201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76182,76183,76185,76187,76189,76191,76193,76195,76197,76199],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76184,266],{"class":59},[53,76186,64],{"class":63},[53,76188,2982],{"class":67},[53,76190,274],{"class":273},[53,76192,81],{"class":67},[53,76194,279],{"class":273},[53,76196,81],{"class":67},[53,76198,284],{"class":273},[53,76200,2995],{"class":67},[53,76202,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76204,132],{"class":131},[53,76206,116],{"class":67},[53,76208,291],{"class":112},[53,76210,73481],{"class":67},[53,76212,1470],{"class":273},[53,76214,3248],{"class":67},[20,76216,76217,76218,76220,76221,76223],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76219,40058],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76222,1470],{}," does not make sense.",[39,76225,76227],{"id":76226},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76229,76230],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[599,76232,76234],{"id":76233},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[44,76236,76238],{"className":46,"code":76237,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76239,76240,76264,76268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76241,76242,76244,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76243,266],{"class":59},[53,76245,64],{"class":63},[53,76247,2982],{"class":67},[53,76249,1684],{"class":273},[53,76251,81],{"class":67},[53,76253,7155],{"class":273},[53,76255,81],{"class":67},[53,76257,7160],{"class":273},[53,76259,81],{"class":67},[53,76261,50202],{"class":273},[53,76263,2995],{"class":67},[53,76265,76266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76267,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,76269,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76271,132],{"class":131},[53,76273,116],{"class":67},[53,76275,291],{"class":112},[53,76277,3260],{"class":67},[53,76279,300],{"class":273},[53,76281,3248],{"class":67},[20,76283,772],{},[44,76285,76286],{"className":46,"code":69199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,76287,76288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76289,76290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76291,69199],{"class":273},[599,76293,76295],{"id":76294},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[44,76297,76299],{"className":46,"code":76298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76300,76301,76325,76329],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76302,76303,76305,76307,76309,76311,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76304,266],{"class":59},[53,76306,64],{"class":63},[53,76308,2982],{"class":67},[53,76310,1684],{"class":273},[53,76312,81],{"class":67},[53,76314,7155],{"class":273},[53,76316,81],{"class":67},[53,76318,7160],{"class":273},[53,76320,81],{"class":67},[53,76322,50202],{"class":273},[53,76324,2995],{"class":67},[53,76326,76327],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76328,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,76330,76331,76333,76335,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76332,132],{"class":131},[53,76334,116],{"class":67},[53,76336,291],{"class":112},[53,76338,3260],{"class":67},[53,76340,300],{"class":273},[53,76342,191],{"class":67},[53,76344,1412],{"class":273},[53,76346,3248],{"class":67},[20,76348,772],{},[44,76350,76352],{"className":46,"code":76351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30]\n",[15,76353,76354],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76355,76356,76358,76360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76357,3260],{"class":67},[53,76359,36194],{"class":273},[53,76361,2995],{"class":67},[20,76363,13122],{},[193,76365,76366,76372],{},[196,76367,76368,76371],{},[15,76369,76370],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[196,76373,76374,76377],{},[15,76375,76376],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76379,76380],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[193,76382,76383,76386],{},[196,76384,76385],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[196,76387,76388],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76390,1559],{},[44,76392,76394],{"className":46,"code":76393,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76395,76396,76416,76420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76397,76398,76400,76402,76404,76406,76408,76410,76412,76414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76399,266],{"class":59},[53,76401,64],{"class":63},[53,76403,2982],{"class":67},[53,76405,1684],{"class":273},[53,76407,81],{"class":67},[53,76409,7155],{"class":273},[53,76411,81],{"class":67},[53,76413,7160],{"class":273},[53,76415,2995],{"class":67},[53,76417,76418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76419,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,76421,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430,76432,76434,76436],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76423,132],{"class":131},[53,76425,116],{"class":67},[53,76427,291],{"class":112},[53,76429,3260],{"class":67},[53,76431,1487],{"class":273},[53,76433,191],{"class":67},[53,76435,1684],{"class":273},[53,76437,3248],{"class":67},[20,76439,772],{},[44,76441,76442],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,76443,76444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76445,76446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76447,37650],{"class":67},[20,76449,76450],{},"But this would raise an error:",[44,76452,76454],{"className":46,"code":76453,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76455,76456,76476,76480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76457,76458,76460,76462,76464,76466,76468,76470,76472,76474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76459,266],{"class":59},[53,76461,64],{"class":63},[53,76463,2982],{"class":67},[53,76465,1684],{"class":273},[53,76467,81],{"class":67},[53,76469,7155],{"class":273},[53,76471,81],{"class":67},[53,76473,7160],{"class":273},[53,76475,2995],{"class":67},[53,76477,76478],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76479,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,76481,76482,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76483,132],{"class":131},[53,76485,116],{"class":67},[53,76487,291],{"class":112},[53,76489,3260],{"class":67},[53,76491,1487],{"class":273},[53,76493,3248],{"class":67},[20,76495,76496,76497,37],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[464,76498,68618],{"href":68617},[39,76500,14537],{"id":76501},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76503,76504],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[193,76506,76507,76511,76513,76516,76522],{},[196,76508,4062,76509,75100],{},[15,76510,74785],{},[196,76512,60051],{},[196,76514,76515],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[196,76517,1151,76518,1154,76520],{},[15,76519,75420],{},[15,76521,72885],{},[196,76523,76524,76525,76527],{},"Using step ",[15,76526,1470],{},", which causes an error",[599,76529,76531],{"id":76530},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[44,76533,76535],{"className":46,"code":76534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76536,76537,76565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76538,76539,76541,76543,76545,76547,76549,76551,76553,76555,76557,76559,76561,76563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76540,266],{"class":59},[53,76542,64],{"class":63},[53,76544,2982],{"class":67},[53,76546,1684],{"class":273},[53,76548,81],{"class":67},[53,76550,7155],{"class":273},[53,76552,81],{"class":67},[53,76554,7160],{"class":273},[53,76556,81],{"class":67},[53,76558,50202],{"class":273},[53,76560,81],{"class":67},[53,76562,4439],{"class":273},[53,76564,2995],{"class":67},[53,76566,76567,76569,76571,76573,76575,76577,76579,76581],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76568,132],{"class":131},[53,76570,116],{"class":67},[53,76572,291],{"class":112},[53,76574,3260],{"class":67},[53,76576,274],{"class":273},[53,76578,191],{"class":67},[53,76580,1858],{"class":273},[53,76582,3248],{"class":67},[20,76584,76585],{},"This returns:",[44,76587,76589],{"className":46,"code":76588,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76590,76591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76592,76593,76595,76597,76599,76601,76603,76605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76594,3260],{"class":67},[53,76596,15114],{"class":273},[53,76598,81],{"class":67},[53,76600,7160],{"class":273},[53,76602,81],{"class":67},[53,76604,50202],{"class":273},[53,76606,2995],{"class":67},[20,76608,40260,76609,76611,76612,76614,76615,37],{},[30,76610,461],{}," include ",[15,76613,76153],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76616,1858],{},[599,76618,76620],{"id":76619},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76622,852],{},[44,76624,76626],{"className":46,"code":76625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76627,76628,76648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76629,76630,76632,76634,76636,76638,76640,76642,76644,76646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76631,266],{"class":59},[53,76633,64],{"class":63},[53,76635,2982],{"class":67},[53,76637,1684],{"class":273},[53,76639,81],{"class":67},[53,76641,7155],{"class":273},[53,76643,81],{"class":67},[53,76645,7160],{"class":273},[53,76647,2995],{"class":67},[53,76649,76650],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76651,76652],{"class":3024},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76654,76655],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[44,76657,76659],{"className":46,"code":76658,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76660,76661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76662,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671,76673,76675,76677],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76664,132],{"class":131},[53,76666,116],{"class":67},[53,76668,291],{"class":112},[53,76670,3260],{"class":67},[53,76672,274],{"class":273},[53,76674,191],{"class":67},[53,76676,1412],{"class":273},[53,76678,3248],{"class":67},[599,76680,76682],{"id":76681},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76684,76685],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[44,76687,76689],{"className":46,"code":76688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76690,76691,76715,76729,76733,76743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76692,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705,76707,76709,76711,76713],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76694,266],{"class":59},[53,76696,64],{"class":63},[53,76698,2982],{"class":67},[53,76700,1684],{"class":273},[53,76702,81],{"class":67},[53,76704,7155],{"class":273},[53,76706,81],{"class":67},[53,76708,7160],{"class":273},[53,76710,81],{"class":67},[53,76712,50202],{"class":273},[53,76714,2995],{"class":67},[53,76716,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76718,75018],{"class":59},[53,76720,64],{"class":63},[53,76722,3622],{"class":59},[53,76724,74894],{"class":67},[53,76726,300],{"class":273},[53,76728,2995],{"class":67},[53,76730,76731],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76732,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,76734,76735,76737,76739,76741],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,76736,132],{"class":131},[53,76738,116],{"class":67},[53,76740,75041],{"class":112},[53,76742,125],{"class":67},[53,76744,76745,76747,76749,76751],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,76746,132],{"class":131},[53,76748,116],{"class":67},[53,76750,291],{"class":112},[53,76752,125],{"class":67},[20,76754,772],{},[44,76756,76758],{"className":46,"code":76757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76759,76760,76772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76761,76762,76764,76766,76768,76770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76763,3260],{"class":67},[53,76765,1684],{"class":273},[53,76767,81],{"class":67},[53,76769,7155],{"class":273},[53,76771,2995],{"class":67},[53,76773,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76775,3260],{"class":67},[53,76777,1684],{"class":273},[53,76779,81],{"class":67},[53,76781,7155],{"class":273},[53,76783,81],{"class":67},[53,76785,7160],{"class":273},[53,76787,81],{"class":67},[53,76789,50202],{"class":273},[53,76791,2995],{"class":67},[20,76793,76794],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[599,76796,76798,76799,1154,76801],{"id":76797},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,76800,75420],{},[15,76802,72885],{},[44,76804,76806],{"className":46,"code":76805,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76807,76808,76828,76832,76849,76860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76809,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820,76822,76824,76826],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76811,266],{"class":59},[53,76813,64],{"class":63},[53,76815,2982],{"class":67},[53,76817,1684],{"class":273},[53,76819,81],{"class":67},[53,76821,7155],{"class":273},[53,76823,81],{"class":67},[53,76825,7160],{"class":273},[53,76827,2995],{"class":67},[53,76829,76830],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76831,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,76833,76834,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,76835,76836],{"class":59},"reversed_copy ",[53,76838,64],{"class":63},[53,76840,3622],{"class":59},[53,76842,73481],{"class":67},[53,76844,1371],{"class":63},[53,76846,274],{"class":273},[53,76848,2995],{"class":67},[53,76850,76851,76853,76855,76858],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,76852,132],{"class":131},[53,76854,116],{"class":67},[53,76856,76857],{"class":112},"reversed_copy",[53,76859,125],{"class":67},[53,76861,76862,76864,76866,76868],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,76863,132],{"class":131},[53,76865,116],{"class":67},[53,76867,291],{"class":112},[53,76869,125],{"class":67},[20,76871,772],{},[44,76873,76875],{"className":46,"code":76874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,76876,76877,76893],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76878,76879,76881,76883,76885,76887,76889,76891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76880,3260],{"class":67},[53,76882,36194],{"class":273},[53,76884,81],{"class":67},[53,76886,7155],{"class":273},[53,76888,81],{"class":67},[53,76890,5366],{"class":273},[53,76892,2995],{"class":67},[53,76894,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76896,3260],{"class":67},[53,76898,1684],{"class":273},[53,76900,81],{"class":67},[53,76902,7155],{"class":273},[53,76904,81],{"class":67},[53,76906,7160],{"class":273},[53,76908,2995],{"class":67},[20,76910,76911,76914],{},[15,76912,76913],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,76916,76917,76918,76921],{},"By contrast, ",[15,76919,76920],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[599,76923,76925],{"id":76924},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,76927,76928],{},"This is not allowed:",[44,76930,76932],{"className":46,"code":76931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76933,76934,76954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,76935,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944,76946,76948,76950,76952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,76937,266],{"class":59},[53,76939,64],{"class":63},[53,76941,2982],{"class":67},[53,76943,1684],{"class":273},[53,76945,81],{"class":67},[53,76947,7155],{"class":273},[53,76949,81],{"class":67},[53,76951,7160],{"class":273},[53,76953,2995],{"class":67},[53,76955,76956],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,76957,76958],{"class":3024},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,76960,76961,76962,37],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,76963,40058],{},[39,76965,76967],{"id":76966},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,76969,76970],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[193,76972,76973,76980,76986,76989,76992],{},[196,76974,1151,76975,594,76977,76979],{},[15,76976,35428],{},[15,76978,74785],{}," positions",[196,76981,76982,76983,76985],{},"Assuming the ",[15,76984,74785],{}," index is included",[196,76987,76988],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[196,76990,76991],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[196,76993,76994],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,76996,76997],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[44,76999,77001],{"className":46,"code":77000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77002,77003,77013,77027,77045,77059,77076],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77004,77005,77007,77009,77011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77006,132],{"class":131},[53,77008,116],{"class":67},[53,77010,7706],{"class":112},[53,77012,125],{"class":67},[53,77014,77015,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77016,132],{"class":131},[53,77018,116],{"class":67},[53,77020,10528],{"class":131},[53,77022,116],{"class":67},[53,77024,7706],{"class":112},[53,77026,1377],{"class":67},[53,77028,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77030,132],{"class":131},[53,77032,116],{"class":67},[53,77034,7706],{"class":112},[53,77036,3260],{"class":67},[53,77038,274],{"class":273},[53,77040,191],{"class":67},[53,77042,1858],{"class":273},[53,77044,3248],{"class":67},[53,77046,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77048,132],{"class":131},[53,77050,116],{"class":67},[53,77052,7706],{"class":112},[53,77054,74894],{"class":67},[53,77056,1412],{"class":273},[53,77058,3248],{"class":67},[53,77060,77061,77063,77065,77067,77069,77071,77073],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,77062,132],{"class":131},[53,77064,116],{"class":67},[53,77066,7706],{"class":112},[53,77068,3260],{"class":67},[53,77070,1371],{"class":63},[53,77072,1412],{"class":273},[53,77074,77075],{"class":67},":])\n",[53,77077,77078,77080,77082,77084,77086,77088,77090],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,77079,132],{"class":131},[53,77081,116],{"class":67},[53,77083,7706],{"class":112},[53,77085,73481],{"class":67},[53,77087,1371],{"class":63},[53,77089,274],{"class":273},[53,77091,3248],{"class":67},[20,77093,7785,77094,77096,77097,77101],{},[15,77095,41716],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[464,77098,77100],{"href":77099},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[39,77103,1187],{"id":1186},[599,77105,77107],{"id":77106},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77109,77110],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[599,77112,77114],{"id":77113},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77116,77117],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[599,77119,4501,77121,39314],{"id":77120},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77122,75420],{},[20,77124,77125],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[599,77127,77129,77130,1222],{"id":77128},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77131,70090],{},[20,77133,77134],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[39,77136,1244],{"id":1243},[193,77138,77139,77144,77149,77153,77157,77161],{},[196,77140,77141],{},[464,77142,77143],{"href":50338},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[196,77145,77146],{},[464,77147,77148],{"href":56511},"How to create a list in Python",[196,77150,77151],{},[464,77152,14325],{"href":56577},[196,77154,77155],{},[464,77156,74166],{"href":74165},[196,77158,77159],{},[464,77160,77100],{"href":77099},[196,77162,77163],{},[464,77164,68618],{"href":68617},[20,77166,77167,77168,77170],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77169,41716],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1276,77172,77173],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":77175},[77176,77177,77178,77179,77180,77181,77184,77188,77196,77197,77205],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":74949,"depth":104,"text":74950},{"id":75112,"depth":104,"text":75113},{"id":75374,"depth":104,"text":75375},{"id":75668,"depth":104,"text":75669},{"id":75914,"depth":104,"text":75915,"children":77182},[77183],{"id":76172,"depth":128,"text":76173},{"id":76226,"depth":104,"text":76227,"children":77185},[77186,77187],{"id":76233,"depth":128,"text":76234},{"id":76294,"depth":128,"text":76295},{"id":76501,"depth":104,"text":14537,"children":77189},[77190,77191,77192,77193,77195],{"id":76530,"depth":128,"text":76531},{"id":76619,"depth":128,"text":76620},{"id":76681,"depth":128,"text":76682},{"id":76797,"depth":128,"text":77194},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":76924,"depth":128,"text":76925},{"id":76966,"depth":104,"text":76967},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":77198},[77199,77200,77201,77203],{"id":77106,"depth":128,"text":77107},{"id":77113,"depth":128,"text":77114},{"id":77120,"depth":128,"text":77202},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77128,"depth":128,"text":77204},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":74772,"description":77206},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77213,"title":77214,"body":77215,"description":79284,"extension":1312,"meta":79285,"navigation":383,"path":79286,"seo":79287,"stem":79288,"__hash__":79289},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77216,"toc":79250},[77217,77222,77228,77234,77236,77283,77290,77295,77299,77314,77317,77370,77372,77397,77402,77404,77436,77439,77455,77457,77518,77520,77545,77549,77554,77607,77609,77634,77639,77700,77702,77727,77730,77737,77741,77744,77805,77807,77840,77843,77904,77906,77939,77945,78018,78020,78052,78059,78064,78069,78071,78083,78086,78164,78166,78207,78210,78284,78286,78319,78324,78331,78338,78342,78351,78355,78363,78365,78432,78434,78470,78475,78486,78488,78493,78498,78500,78563,78565,78590,78597,78602,78606,78609,78649,78654,78660,78665,78667,78694,78699,78702,78749,78751,78808,78815,78820,78826,78895,78899,78902,78965,78967,79000,79005,79007,79010,79091,79093,79117,79123,79125,79130,79134,79141,79149,79153,79155,79178,79182,79184,79211,79214,79221,79224,79226,79247],[10,77218,53701,77220,18],{"id":77219},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77221,63671],{},[20,77223,77224,77227],{},[15,77225,77226],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77229,77230,77231,77233],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77232,63671],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[39,77235,42],{"id":41},[44,77237,77239],{"className":46,"code":77238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77240,77241,77261,77271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77242,77243,77245,77247,77249,77251,77253,77255,77257,77259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77244,266],{"class":59},[53,77246,64],{"class":63},[53,77248,2982],{"class":67},[53,77250,1412],{"class":273},[53,77252,81],{"class":67},[53,77254,4858],{"class":273},[53,77256,81],{"class":67},[53,77258,279],{"class":273},[53,77260,2995],{"class":67},[53,77262,77263,77265,77267,77269],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77264,291],{"class":59},[53,77266,37],{"class":67},[53,77268,34153],{"class":112},[53,77270,8011],{"class":67},[53,77272,77273,77275,77277,77279,77281],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77274,132],{"class":131},[53,77276,116],{"class":67},[53,77278,291],{"class":112},[53,77280,3021],{"class":67},[53,77282,54291],{"class":3024},[20,77284,174,77285,77287,77288,37],{},[15,77286,77226],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77289,849],{},[39,77291,183,77293,186],{"id":77292},"what-listsort-does",[15,77294,77226],{},[20,77296,77297,191],{},[15,77298,77226],{},[193,77300,77301,77304,77307,77311],{},[196,77302,77303],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[196,77305,77306],{},"Changes the original list",[196,77308,10789,77309],{},[15,77310,849],{},[196,77312,77313],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77315,77316],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[44,77318,77320],{"className":46,"code":77319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77321,77322,77346,77356,77360],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77323,77324,77326,77328,77330,77332,77334,77336,77338,77340,77342,77344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77325,266],{"class":59},[53,77327,64],{"class":63},[53,77329,2982],{"class":67},[53,77331,1487],{"class":273},[53,77333,81],{"class":67},[53,77335,279],{"class":273},[53,77337,81],{"class":67},[53,77339,53495],{"class":273},[53,77341,81],{"class":67},[53,77343,4858],{"class":273},[53,77345,2995],{"class":67},[53,77347,77348,77350,77352,77354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77349,291],{"class":59},[53,77351,37],{"class":67},[53,77353,34153],{"class":112},[53,77355,8011],{"class":67},[53,77357,77358],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77359,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,77361,77362,77364,77366,77368],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77363,132],{"class":131},[53,77365,116],{"class":67},[53,77367,291],{"class":112},[53,77369,125],{"class":67},[20,77371,772],{},[44,77373,77375],{"className":46,"code":77374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77376,77377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77378,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391,77393,77395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77380,3260],{"class":67},[53,77382,274],{"class":273},[53,77384,81],{"class":67},[53,77386,279],{"class":273},[53,77388,81],{"class":67},[53,77390,3963],{"class":273},[53,77392,81],{"class":67},[53,77394,53495],{"class":273},[53,77396,2995],{"class":67},[20,77398,77399,77400,37],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[464,77401,66436],{"href":50338},[39,77403,217],{"id":216},[44,77405,77407],{"className":46,"code":77406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77408,77409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77410,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427,77430,77432,77434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77412,7706],{"class":59},[53,77414,37],{"class":67},[53,77416,34153],{"class":112},[53,77418,116],{"class":67},[53,77420,14201],{"class":8544},[53,77422,64],{"class":63},[53,77424,849],{"class":938},[53,77426,81],{"class":67},[53,77428,77429],{"class":8544}," reverse",[53,77431,64],{"class":63},[53,77433,3035],{"class":938},[53,77435,125],{"class":67},[20,77437,77438],{},"Main arguments:",[193,77440,77441,77446,77452],{},[196,77442,77443,77445],{},[15,77444,14201],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[196,77447,77448,77451],{},[15,77449,77450],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[196,77453,77454],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77456,1559],{},[44,77458,77460],{"className":46,"code":77459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77461,77462,77486,77504,77508],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77463,77464,77466,77468,77470,77472,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77465,266],{"class":59},[53,77467,64],{"class":63},[53,77469,2982],{"class":67},[53,77471,1858],{"class":273},[53,77473,81],{"class":67},[53,77475,4858],{"class":273},[53,77477,81],{"class":67},[53,77479,5355],{"class":273},[53,77481,81],{"class":67},[53,77483,279],{"class":273},[53,77485,2995],{"class":67},[53,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77489,291],{"class":59},[53,77491,37],{"class":67},[53,77493,34153],{"class":112},[53,77495,116],{"class":67},[53,77497,72936],{"class":8544},[53,77499,64],{"class":63},[53,77501,2963],{"class":938},[53,77503,125],{"class":67},[53,77505,77506],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77507,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,77509,77510,77512,77514,77516],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77511,132],{"class":131},[53,77513,116],{"class":67},[53,77515,291],{"class":112},[53,77517,125],{"class":67},[20,77519,772],{},[44,77521,77523],{"className":46,"code":77522,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77524,77525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77526,77527,77529,77531,77533,77535,77537,77539,77541,77543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77528,3260],{"class":67},[53,77530,1374],{"class":273},[53,77532,81],{"class":67},[53,77534,1811],{"class":273},[53,77536,81],{"class":67},[53,77538,279],{"class":273},[53,77540,81],{"class":67},[53,77542,4858],{"class":273},[53,77544,2995],{"class":67},[39,77546,77548],{"id":77547},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77550,174,77551,77553],{},[15,77552,63671],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[44,77555,77557],{"className":46,"code":77556,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77558,77559,77583,77593,77597],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77560,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575,77577,77579,77581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77562,266],{"class":59},[53,77564,64],{"class":63},[53,77566,2982],{"class":67},[53,77568,1684],{"class":273},[53,77570,81],{"class":67},[53,77572,284],{"class":273},[53,77574,81],{"class":67},[53,77576,5722],{"class":273},[53,77578,81],{"class":67},[53,77580,4858],{"class":273},[53,77582,2995],{"class":67},[53,77584,77585,77587,77589,77591],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77586,291],{"class":59},[53,77588,37],{"class":67},[53,77590,34153],{"class":112},[53,77592,8011],{"class":67},[53,77594,77595],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77596,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,77598,77599,77601,77603,77605],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77600,132],{"class":131},[53,77602,116],{"class":67},[53,77604,291],{"class":112},[53,77606,125],{"class":67},[20,77608,772],{},[44,77610,77612],{"className":46,"code":77611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77613,77614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77615,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626,77628,77630,77632],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77617,3260],{"class":67},[53,77619,274],{"class":273},[53,77621,81],{"class":67},[53,77623,284],{"class":273},[53,77625,81],{"class":67},[53,77627,5722],{"class":273},[53,77629,81],{"class":67},[53,77631,5366],{"class":273},[53,77633,2995],{"class":67},[20,77635,174,77636,77638],{},[15,77637,77450],{}," for descending order:",[44,77640,77642],{"className":46,"code":77641,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77643,77644,77668,77686,77690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77645,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77647,266],{"class":59},[53,77649,64],{"class":63},[53,77651,2982],{"class":67},[53,77653,1684],{"class":273},[53,77655,81],{"class":67},[53,77657,284],{"class":273},[53,77659,81],{"class":67},[53,77661,5722],{"class":273},[53,77663,81],{"class":67},[53,77665,4858],{"class":273},[53,77667,2995],{"class":67},[53,77669,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77671,291],{"class":59},[53,77673,37],{"class":67},[53,77675,34153],{"class":112},[53,77677,116],{"class":67},[53,77679,72936],{"class":8544},[53,77681,64],{"class":63},[53,77683,2963],{"class":938},[53,77685,125],{"class":67},[53,77687,77688],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77689,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,77691,77692,77694,77696,77698],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77693,132],{"class":131},[53,77695,116],{"class":67},[53,77697,291],{"class":112},[53,77699,125],{"class":67},[20,77701,772],{},[44,77703,77705],{"className":46,"code":77704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77706,77707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77708,77709,77711,77713,77715,77717,77719,77721,77723,77725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77710,3260],{"class":67},[53,77712,1684],{"class":273},[53,77714,81],{"class":67},[53,77716,5722],{"class":273},[53,77718,81],{"class":67},[53,77720,284],{"class":273},[53,77722,81],{"class":67},[53,77724,4858],{"class":273},[53,77726,2995],{"class":67},[20,77728,77729],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77731,77732,77733,37],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[464,77734,77736],{"href":77735},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[39,77738,77740],{"id":77739},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77742,77743],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[44,77745,77747],{"className":46,"code":77746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77748,77749,77781,77791,77795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77750,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771,77773,77775,77777,77779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77752,3431],{"class":59},[53,77754,64],{"class":63},[53,77756,2982],{"class":67},[53,77758,72],{"class":71},[53,77760,365],{"class":75},[53,77762,72],{"class":71},[53,77764,81],{"class":67},[53,77766,84],{"class":71},[53,77768,356],{"class":75},[53,77770,72],{"class":71},[53,77772,81],{"class":67},[53,77774,84],{"class":71},[53,77776,3456],{"class":75},[53,77778,72],{"class":71},[53,77780,2995],{"class":67},[53,77782,77783,77785,77787,77789],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77784,3473],{"class":59},[53,77786,37],{"class":67},[53,77788,34153],{"class":112},[53,77790,8011],{"class":67},[53,77792,77793],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77794,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,77796,77797,77799,77801,77803],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77798,132],{"class":131},[53,77800,116],{"class":67},[53,77802,3473],{"class":112},[53,77804,125],{"class":67},[20,77806,772],{},[44,77808,77810],{"className":46,"code":77809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77811,77812],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77813,77814,77816,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77815,3260],{"class":67},[53,77817,156],{"class":71},[53,77819,356],{"class":75},[53,77821,156],{"class":71},[53,77823,81],{"class":67},[53,77825,165],{"class":71},[53,77827,365],{"class":75},[53,77829,156],{"class":71},[53,77831,81],{"class":67},[53,77833,165],{"class":71},[53,77835,3456],{"class":75},[53,77837,156],{"class":71},[53,77839,2995],{"class":67},[20,77841,77842],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[44,77844,77846],{"className":46,"code":77845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77847,77848,77880,77890,77894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77849,77850,77852,77854,77856,77858,77860,77862,77864,77866,77868,77870,77872,77874,77876,77878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77851,3431],{"class":59},[53,77853,64],{"class":63},[53,77855,2982],{"class":67},[53,77857,72],{"class":71},[53,77859,365],{"class":75},[53,77861,72],{"class":71},[53,77863,81],{"class":67},[53,77865,84],{"class":71},[53,77867,57126],{"class":75},[53,77869,72],{"class":71},[53,77871,81],{"class":67},[53,77873,84],{"class":71},[53,77875,3456],{"class":75},[53,77877,72],{"class":71},[53,77879,2995],{"class":67},[53,77881,77882,77884,77886,77888],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77883,3473],{"class":59},[53,77885,37],{"class":67},[53,77887,34153],{"class":112},[53,77889,8011],{"class":67},[53,77891,77892],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,77893,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,77895,77896,77898,77900,77902],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,77897,132],{"class":131},[53,77899,116],{"class":67},[53,77901,3473],{"class":112},[53,77903,125],{"class":67},[20,77905,772],{},[44,77907,77909],{"className":46,"code":77908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,77910,77911],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77912,77913,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923,77925,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77914,3260],{"class":67},[53,77916,156],{"class":71},[53,77918,57126],{"class":75},[53,77920,156],{"class":71},[53,77922,81],{"class":67},[53,77924,165],{"class":71},[53,77926,365],{"class":75},[53,77928,156],{"class":71},[53,77930,81],{"class":67},[53,77932,165],{"class":71},[53,77934,3456],{"class":75},[53,77936,156],{"class":71},[53,77938,2995],{"class":67},[20,77940,77941,77942,191],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,77943,77944],{},"key=str.lower",[44,77946,77948],{"className":46,"code":77947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77949,77950,77982,78004,78008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,77951,77952,77954,77956,77958,77960,77962,77964,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,77953,3431],{"class":59},[53,77955,64],{"class":63},[53,77957,2982],{"class":67},[53,77959,72],{"class":71},[53,77961,365],{"class":75},[53,77963,72],{"class":71},[53,77965,81],{"class":67},[53,77967,84],{"class":71},[53,77969,57126],{"class":75},[53,77971,72],{"class":71},[53,77973,81],{"class":67},[53,77975,84],{"class":71},[53,77977,3456],{"class":75},[53,77979,72],{"class":71},[53,77981,2995],{"class":67},[53,77983,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,77985,3473],{"class":59},[53,77987,37],{"class":67},[53,77989,34153],{"class":112},[53,77991,116],{"class":67},[53,77993,14201],{"class":8544},[53,77995,64],{"class":63},[53,77997,2801],{"class":550},[53,77999,37],{"class":67},[53,78001,8008],{"class":24104},[53,78003,125],{"class":67},[53,78005,78006],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78007,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78009,78010,78012,78014,78016],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78011,132],{"class":131},[53,78013,116],{"class":67},[53,78015,3473],{"class":112},[53,78017,125],{"class":67},[20,78019,772],{},[44,78021,78022],{"className":46,"code":77908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,78023,78024],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78025,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78027,3260],{"class":67},[53,78029,156],{"class":71},[53,78031,57126],{"class":75},[53,78033,156],{"class":71},[53,78035,81],{"class":67},[53,78037,165],{"class":71},[53,78039,365],{"class":75},[53,78041,156],{"class":71},[53,78043,81],{"class":67},[53,78045,165],{"class":71},[53,78047,3456],{"class":75},[53,78049,156],{"class":71},[53,78051,2995],{"class":67},[20,78053,78054,78055,78058],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78056,78057],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[39,78060,35965,78062,35968],{"id":78061},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78063,14201],{},[20,78065,1329,78066,78068],{},[15,78067,14201],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78070,6706],{},[193,78072,78073,78078],{},[196,78074,78075,78077],{},[15,78076,10528],{}," to sort by length",[196,78079,78080,78082],{},[15,78081,78057],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78084,78085],{},"Sort words by length:",[44,78087,78089],{"className":46,"code":78088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78090,78091,78132,78150,78154],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78092,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78104,78106,78108,78110,78112,78114,78116,78118,78120,78122,78124,78126,78128,78130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78094,3431],{"class":59},[53,78096,64],{"class":63},[53,78098,2982],{"class":67},[53,78100,72],{"class":71},[53,78102,78103],{"class":75},"pear",[53,78105,72],{"class":71},[53,78107,81],{"class":67},[53,78109,84],{"class":71},[53,78111,365],{"class":75},[53,78113,72],{"class":71},[53,78115,81],{"class":67},[53,78117,84],{"class":71},[53,78119,37711],{"class":75},[53,78121,72],{"class":71},[53,78123,81],{"class":67},[53,78125,84],{"class":71},[53,78127,356],{"class":75},[53,78129,72],{"class":71},[53,78131,2995],{"class":67},[53,78133,78134,78136,78138,78140,78142,78144,78146,78148],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78135,3473],{"class":59},[53,78137,37],{"class":67},[53,78139,34153],{"class":112},[53,78141,116],{"class":67},[53,78143,14201],{"class":8544},[53,78145,64],{"class":63},[53,78147,10528],{"class":131},[53,78149,125],{"class":67},[53,78151,78152],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78153,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78155,78156,78158,78160,78162],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78157,132],{"class":131},[53,78159,116],{"class":67},[53,78161,3473],{"class":112},[53,78163,125],{"class":67},[20,78165,772],{},[44,78167,78169],{"className":46,"code":78168,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78170,78171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78172,78173,78175,78177,78179,78181,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78174,3260],{"class":67},[53,78176,156],{"class":71},[53,78178,37711],{"class":75},[53,78180,156],{"class":71},[53,78182,81],{"class":67},[53,78184,165],{"class":71},[53,78186,78103],{"class":75},[53,78188,156],{"class":71},[53,78190,81],{"class":67},[53,78192,165],{"class":71},[53,78194,356],{"class":75},[53,78196,156],{"class":71},[53,78198,81],{"class":67},[53,78200,165],{"class":71},[53,78202,365],{"class":75},[53,78204,156],{"class":71},[53,78206,2995],{"class":67},[20,78208,78209],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[44,78211,78213],{"className":46,"code":78212,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78214,78215,78248,78270,78274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78216,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237,78239,78241,78244,78246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78218,3431],{"class":59},[53,78220,64],{"class":63},[53,78222,2982],{"class":67},[53,78224,72],{"class":71},[53,78226,4371],{"class":75},[53,78228,72],{"class":71},[53,78230,81],{"class":67},[53,78232,84],{"class":71},[53,78234,17161],{"class":75},[53,78236,72],{"class":71},[53,78238,81],{"class":67},[53,78240,84],{"class":71},[53,78242,78243],{"class":75},"Carol",[53,78245,72],{"class":71},[53,78247,2995],{"class":67},[53,78249,78250,78252,78254,78256,78258,78260,78262,78264,78266,78268],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78251,3473],{"class":59},[53,78253,37],{"class":67},[53,78255,34153],{"class":112},[53,78257,116],{"class":67},[53,78259,14201],{"class":8544},[53,78261,64],{"class":63},[53,78263,2801],{"class":550},[53,78265,37],{"class":67},[53,78267,8008],{"class":24104},[53,78269,125],{"class":67},[53,78271,78272],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78273,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78275,78276,78278,78280,78282],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78277,132],{"class":131},[53,78279,116],{"class":67},[53,78281,3473],{"class":112},[53,78283,125],{"class":67},[20,78285,772],{},[44,78287,78289],{"className":46,"code":78288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78290,78291],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78292,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307,78309,78311,78313,78315,78317],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78294,3260],{"class":67},[53,78296,156],{"class":71},[53,78298,17161],{"class":75},[53,78300,156],{"class":71},[53,78302,81],{"class":67},[53,78304,165],{"class":71},[53,78306,4371],{"class":75},[53,78308,156],{"class":71},[53,78310,81],{"class":67},[53,78312,165],{"class":71},[53,78314,78243],{"class":75},[53,78316,156],{"class":71},[53,78318,2995],{"class":67},[20,78320,1329,78321,78323],{},[15,78322,14201],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[39,78325,78327,9952,78329],{"id":78326},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78328,77226],{},[15,78330,73783],{},[20,78332,78333,594,78335,78337],{},[15,78334,77226],{},[15,78336,73783],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78339,78340,191],{},[15,78341,77226],{},[193,78343,78344,78347],{},[196,78345,78346],{},"Changes the existing list",[196,78348,10789,78349],{},[15,78350,849],{},[20,78352,78353,191],{},[15,78354,73783],{},[193,78356,78357,78360],{},[196,78358,78359],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[196,78361,78362],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78364,1559],{},[44,78366,78368],{"className":46,"code":78367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78369,78370,78390,78394,78408,78412,78422],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78371,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380,78382,78384,78386,78388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78373,266],{"class":59},[53,78375,64],{"class":63},[53,78377,2982],{"class":67},[53,78379,1412],{"class":273},[53,78381,81],{"class":67},[53,78383,4858],{"class":273},[53,78385,81],{"class":67},[53,78387,279],{"class":273},[53,78389,2995],{"class":67},[53,78391,78392],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78393,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78395,78396,78398,78400,78402,78404,78406],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78397,55247],{"class":59},[53,78399,64],{"class":63},[53,78401,73917],{"class":131},[53,78403,116],{"class":67},[53,78405,291],{"class":112},[53,78407,125],{"class":67},[53,78409,78410],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78411,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78413,78414,78416,78418,78420],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,78415,132],{"class":131},[53,78417,116],{"class":67},[53,78419,291],{"class":112},[53,78421,125],{"class":67},[53,78423,78424,78426,78428,78430],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,78425,132],{"class":131},[53,78427,116],{"class":67},[53,78429,73640],{"class":112},[53,78431,125],{"class":67},[20,78433,772],{},[44,78435,78436],{"className":46,"code":73952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,78437,78438,78454],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78439,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78441,3260],{"class":67},[53,78443,1412],{"class":273},[53,78445,81],{"class":67},[53,78447,4858],{"class":273},[53,78449,81],{"class":67},[53,78451,279],{"class":273},[53,78453,2995],{"class":67},[53,78455,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78457,3260],{"class":67},[53,78459,274],{"class":273},[53,78461,81],{"class":67},[53,78463,279],{"class":273},[53,78465,81],{"class":67},[53,78467,284],{"class":273},[53,78469,2995],{"class":67},[20,78471,174,78472,78474],{},[15,78473,73783],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78476,78477,78478,594,78482,37],{},"You can learn more in ",[464,78479,2934,78480,5144],{"href":73880},[15,78481,73783],{},[464,78483,78485],{"href":78484},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[39,78487,2185],{"id":2184},[20,78489,78490,78491,37],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78492,77226],{},[599,78494,11959,78496],{"id":78495},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78497,63671],{},[20,78499,25045],{},[44,78501,78503],{"className":46,"code":78502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78504,78505,78525,78539,78543,78553],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78508,266],{"class":59},[53,78510,64],{"class":63},[53,78512,2982],{"class":67},[53,78514,1412],{"class":273},[53,78516,81],{"class":67},[53,78518,4858],{"class":273},[53,78520,81],{"class":67},[53,78522,279],{"class":273},[53,78524,2995],{"class":67},[53,78526,78527,78529,78531,78533,78535,78537],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78528,1582],{"class":59},[53,78530,64],{"class":63},[53,78532,3622],{"class":59},[53,78534,37],{"class":67},[53,78536,34153],{"class":112},[53,78538,8011],{"class":67},[53,78540,78541],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78542,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78544,78545,78547,78549,78551],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78546,132],{"class":131},[53,78548,116],{"class":67},[53,78550,1617],{"class":112},[53,78552,125],{"class":67},[53,78554,78555,78557,78559,78561],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,78556,132],{"class":131},[53,78558,116],{"class":67},[53,78560,291],{"class":112},[53,78562,125],{"class":67},[20,78564,772],{},[44,78566,78568],{"className":46,"code":78567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78569,78570,78574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78571,78572],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78573,931],{"class":938},[53,78575,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78577,3260],{"class":67},[53,78579,274],{"class":273},[53,78581,81],{"class":67},[53,78583,279],{"class":273},[53,78585,81],{"class":67},[53,78587,284],{"class":273},[53,78589,2995],{"class":67},[20,78591,78592,78594,78595,37],{},[15,78593,63671],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78596,849],{},[20,78598,78599,78600,5994],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78601,73783],{},[599,78603,78605],{"id":78604},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78607,78608],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[44,78610,78612],{"className":46,"code":78611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78613,78614,78639],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78615,78616,78618,78620,78622,78624,78626,78628,78631,78633,78635,78637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78617,7144],{"class":59},[53,78619,64],{"class":63},[53,78621,2982],{"class":67},[53,78623,274],{"class":273},[53,78625,81],{"class":67},[53,78627,84],{"class":71},[53,78629,78630],{"class":75},"two",[53,78632,72],{"class":71},[53,78634,81],{"class":67},[53,78636,284],{"class":273},[53,78638,2995],{"class":67},[53,78640,78641,78643,78645,78647],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78642,7175],{"class":59},[53,78644,37],{"class":67},[53,78646,34153],{"class":112},[53,78648,8011],{"class":67},[20,78650,2357,78651,78653],{},[15,78652,2360],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[599,78655,4062,78657,78659],{"id":78656},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78658,63671],{}," only works on lists",[20,78661,78662,78664],{},[15,78663,63671],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78666,852],{},[44,78668,78670],{"className":46,"code":78669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78671,78672,78684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78673,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78675,34042],{"class":59},[53,78677,64],{"class":63},[53,78679,84],{"class":71},[53,78681,48],{"class":75},[53,78683,2715],{"class":71},[53,78685,78686,78688,78690,78692],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78687,34063],{"class":59},[53,78689,37],{"class":67},[53,78691,34153],{"class":112},[53,78693,8011],{"class":67},[20,78695,78696,78697,32954],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78698,63671],{},[20,78700,78701],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[44,78703,78705],{"className":46,"code":78704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78706,78707,78725,78735,78739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78708,78709,78711,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78710,620],{"class":59},[53,78712,64],{"class":63},[53,78714,21913],{"class":550},[53,78716,116],{"class":67},[53,78718,72],{"class":71},[53,78720,48],{"class":75},[53,78722,72],{"class":71},[53,78724,125],{"class":67},[53,78726,78727,78729,78731,78733],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78728,655],{"class":59},[53,78730,37],{"class":67},[53,78732,34153],{"class":112},[53,78734,8011],{"class":67},[53,78736,78737],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78738,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78740,78741,78743,78745,78747],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78742,132],{"class":131},[53,78744,116],{"class":67},[53,78746,655],{"class":112},[53,78748,125],{"class":67},[20,78750,772],{},[44,78752,78754],{"className":46,"code":78753,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78755,78756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78757,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780,78782,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794,78796,78798,78800,78802,78804,78806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78759,3260],{"class":67},[53,78761,156],{"class":71},[53,78763,59797],{"class":75},[53,78765,156],{"class":71},[53,78767,81],{"class":67},[53,78769,165],{"class":71},[53,78771,75389],{"class":75},[53,78773,156],{"class":71},[53,78775,81],{"class":67},[53,78777,165],{"class":71},[53,78779,59832],{"class":75},[53,78781,156],{"class":71},[53,78783,81],{"class":67},[53,78785,165],{"class":71},[53,78787,20],{"class":75},[53,78789,156],{"class":71},[53,78791,81],{"class":67},[53,78793,165],{"class":71},[53,78795,62646],{"class":75},[53,78797,156],{"class":71},[53,78799,81],{"class":67},[53,78801,165],{"class":71},[53,78803,11110],{"class":75},[53,78805,156],{"class":71},[53,78807,2995],{"class":67},[599,78809,78811,78812,78814],{"id":78810},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,78813,14201],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,78816,78817,78818,37],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,78819,14201],{},[20,78821,78822,78823,78825],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,78824,63671],{}," will not do that:",[44,78827,78829],{"className":46,"code":78828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78830,78831,78863,78881,78885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78832,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78834,3431],{"class":59},[53,78836,64],{"class":63},[53,78838,2982],{"class":67},[53,78840,72],{"class":71},[53,78842,365],{"class":75},[53,78844,72],{"class":71},[53,78846,81],{"class":67},[53,78848,84],{"class":71},[53,78850,37711],{"class":75},[53,78852,72],{"class":71},[53,78854,81],{"class":67},[53,78856,84],{"class":71},[53,78858,356],{"class":75},[53,78860,72],{"class":71},[53,78862,2995],{"class":67},[53,78864,78865,78867,78869,78871,78873,78875,78877,78879],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78866,3473],{"class":59},[53,78868,37],{"class":67},[53,78870,34153],{"class":112},[53,78872,116],{"class":67},[53,78874,14201],{"class":8544},[53,78876,64],{"class":63},[53,78878,10528],{"class":131},[53,78880,125],{"class":67},[53,78882,78883],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78884,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78886,78887,78889,78891,78893],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78888,132],{"class":131},[53,78890,116],{"class":67},[53,78892,3473],{"class":112},[53,78894,125],{"class":67},[599,78896,78898],{"id":78897},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,78900,78901],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[44,78903,78905],{"className":46,"code":78904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78906,78907,78941,78951,78955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78908,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78920,78922,78924,78926,78928,78930,78932,78934,78937,78939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78910,3431],{"class":59},[53,78912,64],{"class":63},[53,78914,2982],{"class":67},[53,78916,72],{"class":71},[53,78918,78919],{"class":75},"zebra",[53,78921,72],{"class":71},[53,78923,81],{"class":67},[53,78925,84],{"class":71},[53,78927,57126],{"class":75},[53,78929,72],{"class":71},[53,78931,81],{"class":67},[53,78933,84],{"class":71},[53,78935,78936],{"class":75},"monkey",[53,78938,72],{"class":71},[53,78940,2995],{"class":67},[53,78942,78943,78945,78947,78949],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,78944,3473],{"class":59},[53,78946,37],{"class":67},[53,78948,34153],{"class":112},[53,78950,8011],{"class":67},[53,78952,78953],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,78954,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,78956,78957,78959,78961,78963],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,78958,132],{"class":131},[53,78960,116],{"class":67},[53,78962,3473],{"class":112},[53,78964,125],{"class":67},[20,78966,772],{},[44,78968,78970],{"className":46,"code":78969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,78971,78972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,78973,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982,78984,78986,78988,78990,78992,78994,78996,78998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,78975,3260],{"class":67},[53,78977,156],{"class":71},[53,78979,57126],{"class":75},[53,78981,156],{"class":71},[53,78983,81],{"class":67},[53,78985,165],{"class":71},[53,78987,78936],{"class":75},[53,78989,156],{"class":71},[53,78991,81],{"class":67},[53,78993,165],{"class":71},[53,78995,78919],{"class":75},[53,78997,156],{"class":71},[53,78999,2995],{"class":67},[20,79001,174,79002,79004],{},[15,79003,77944],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[599,79006,60069],{"id":60068},[20,79008,79009],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,79011,79013],{"className":46,"code":79012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79014,79015,79025,79039,79053,79067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79016,79017,79019,79021,79023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79018,132],{"class":131},[53,79020,116],{"class":67},[53,79022,7706],{"class":112},[53,79024,125],{"class":67},[53,79026,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79028,132],{"class":131},[53,79030,116],{"class":67},[53,79032,2578],{"class":550},[53,79034,116],{"class":67},[53,79036,7706],{"class":112},[53,79038,1377],{"class":67},[53,79040,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,79042,132],{"class":131},[53,79044,116],{"class":67},[53,79046,7706],{"class":112},[53,79048,37],{"class":67},[53,79050,34153],{"class":112},[53,79052,6557],{"class":67},[53,79054,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063,79065],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,79056,132],{"class":131},[53,79058,116],{"class":67},[53,79060,73873],{"class":131},[53,79062,116],{"class":67},[53,79064,7706],{"class":112},[53,79066,1377],{"class":67},[53,79068,79069,79071,79073,79075,79077,79079,79081,79083,79085,79087,79089],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,79070,132],{"class":131},[53,79072,2341],{"class":67},[53,79074,2578],{"class":550},[53,79076,116],{"class":67},[53,79078,22664],{"class":112},[53,79080,3021],{"class":67},[53,79082,3237],{"class":1105},[53,79084,5322],{"class":112},[53,79086,1067],{"class":1105},[53,79088,7763],{"class":112},[53,79090,3248],{"class":67},[20,79092,10537],{},[193,79094,79095,79098,79101,79108,79114],{},[196,79096,79097],{},"What values are in the list",[196,79099,79100],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[196,79102,79103,79104,1751,79106],{},"That ",[15,79105,63671],{},[15,79107,849],{},[196,79109,79110,79111,79113],{},"Whether ",[15,79112,73783],{}," works better for your case",[196,79115,79116],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79118,79119,79120,79122],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79121,2360],{}," problems.",[39,79124,1187],{"id":1186},[599,79126,1191,79128,54827],{"id":79127},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79129,77226],{},[20,79131,61962,79132,37],{},[15,79133,849],{},[599,79135,4538,79137,594,79139,1222],{"id":79136},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79138,63671],{},[15,79140,73783],{},[20,79142,79143,79145,79146,79148],{},[15,79144,63671],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79147,73783],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[599,79150,79152],{"id":79151},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79154,808],{},[44,79156,79158],{"className":46,"code":79157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79159,79160],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79161,79162,79164,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79163,7706],{"class":59},[53,79165,37],{"class":67},[53,79167,34153],{"class":112},[53,79169,116],{"class":67},[53,79171,72936],{"class":8544},[53,79173,64],{"class":63},[53,79175,2963],{"class":938},[53,79177,125],{"class":67},[599,79179,79181],{"id":79180},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79183,808],{},[44,79185,79187],{"className":46,"code":79186,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79188,79189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79190,79191,79193,79195,79197,79199,79201,79203,79205,79207,79209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79192,7706],{"class":59},[53,79194,37],{"class":67},[53,79196,34153],{"class":112},[53,79198,116],{"class":67},[53,79200,14201],{"class":8544},[53,79202,64],{"class":63},[53,79204,2801],{"class":550},[53,79206,37],{"class":67},[53,79208,8008],{"class":24104},[53,79210,125],{"class":67},[20,79212,79213],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[599,79215,79217,79218,79220],{"id":79216},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79219,2360],{}," when sorting?",[20,79222,79223],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[39,79225,1244],{"id":1243},[193,79227,79228,79233,79239,79243],{},[196,79229,79230],{},[464,79231,79232],{"href":77735},"How to sort a list in Python",[196,79234,79235],{},[464,79236,2934,79237,5144],{"href":73880},[15,79238,73783],{},[196,79240,79241],{},[464,79242,66436],{"href":50338},[196,79244,79245],{},[464,79246,78485],{"href":78484},[1276,79248,79249],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":79251},[79252,79253,79255,79256,79257,79258,79260,79262,79273,79283],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":77292,"depth":104,"text":79254},"What list.sort() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":77547,"depth":104,"text":77548},{"id":77739,"depth":104,"text":77740},{"id":78061,"depth":104,"text":79259},"Using the key argument",{"id":78326,"depth":104,"text":79261},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":79263},[79264,79266,79267,79269,79271,79272],{"id":78495,"depth":128,"text":79265},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78604,"depth":128,"text":78605},{"id":78656,"depth":128,"text":79268},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":78810,"depth":128,"text":79270},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":78897,"depth":128,"text":78898},{"id":60068,"depth":128,"text":60069},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":79274},[79275,79277,79279,79280,79281],{"id":79127,"depth":128,"text":79276},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79136,"depth":128,"text":79278},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79151,"depth":128,"text":79152},{"id":79180,"depth":128,"text":79181},{"id":79216,"depth":128,"text":79282},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77214,"description":79284},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79291,"title":79292,"body":79293,"description":81924,"extension":1312,"meta":81925,"navigation":383,"path":81926,"seo":81927,"stem":81928,"__hash__":81929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79294,"toc":81883},[79295,79300,79305,79308,79319,79322,79342,79344,79406,79408,79449,79458,79463,79468,79474,79485,79487,79506,79509,79514,79519,79521,79526,79540,79542,79560,79563,79580,79583,79589,79612,79617,79619,79622,79683,79685,79718,79720,79759,79767,79777,79783,79788,79881,79883,79907,79909,79927,79930,79961,79967,79972,79975,79977,80102,80104,80128,80130,80149,80155,80161,80280,80282,80299,80306,80312,80317,80324,80330,80332,80389,80392,80413,80416,80419,80480,80482,80515,80519,80589,80591,80608,80612,80615,80690,80692,80729,80732,80735,80806,80808,80869,80874,80879,80882,80896,80898,80971,80973,80993,80996,80999,81056,81118,81121,81153,81156,81171,81176,81178,81184,81187,81243,81246,81248,81267,81271,81273,81317,81326,81328,81388,81392,81395,81397,81490,81492,81607,81611,81613,81687,81690,81693,81695,81700,81765,81767,81791,81801,81803,81809,81818,81827,81836,81842,81845,81849,81852,81854,81880],[10,79296,2934,79298,2938],{"id":79297},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79299,39070],{},[20,79301,2941,79302,79304],{},[15,79303,39070],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79306,79307],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[193,79309,79310,79313,79316],{},[196,79311,79312],{},"converting numbers to strings",[196,79314,79315],{},"changing strings to integers",[196,79317,79318],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79320,79321],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[193,79323,79324,79331,79337],{},[196,79325,79326,13413,79328,79330],{},[15,79327,39070],{},[30,79329,461],{}," return a list in Python 3",[196,79332,79333,79334],{},"it returns a ",[30,79335,79336],{},"map object",[196,79338,79339,79340],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79341,24135],{},[39,79343,42],{"id":41},[44,79345,79347],{"className":46,"code":79346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79348,79349,79373,79392],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79350,79351,79353,79355,79357,79359,79361,79363,79365,79367,79369,79371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79352,266],{"class":59},[53,79354,64],{"class":63},[53,79356,2982],{"class":67},[53,79358,274],{"class":273},[53,79360,81],{"class":67},[53,79362,279],{"class":273},[53,79364,81],{"class":67},[53,79366,284],{"class":273},[53,79368,81],{"class":67},[53,79370,1811],{"class":273},[53,79372,2995],{"class":67},[53,79374,79375,79377,79379,79382,79384,79386,79388,79390],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79376,1582],{"class":59},[53,79378,64],{"class":63},[53,79380,79381],{"class":131}," map",[53,79383,116],{"class":67},[53,79385,2801],{"class":550},[53,79387,81],{"class":67},[53,79389,3622],{"class":112},[53,79391,125],{"class":67},[53,79393,79394,79396,79398,79400,79402,79404],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,79395,132],{"class":131},[53,79397,116],{"class":67},[53,79399,7460],{"class":550},[53,79401,116],{"class":67},[53,79403,1617],{"class":112},[53,79405,1377],{"class":67},[20,79407,772],{},[44,79409,79411],{"className":46,"code":79410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79412,79413],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79414,79415,79417,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437,79439,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79416,3260],{"class":67},[53,79418,156],{"class":71},[53,79420,274],{"class":75},[53,79422,156],{"class":71},[53,79424,81],{"class":67},[53,79426,165],{"class":71},[53,79428,300],{"class":75},[53,79430,156],{"class":71},[53,79432,81],{"class":67},[53,79434,165],{"class":71},[53,79436,1412],{"class":75},[53,79438,156],{"class":71},[53,79440,81],{"class":67},[53,79442,165],{"class":71},[53,79444,1858],{"class":75},[53,79446,156],{"class":71},[53,79448,2995],{"class":67},[20,79450,174,79451,79454,79455,79457],{},[15,79452,79453],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79456,24135],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[39,79459,183,79461,186],{"id":79460},"what-map-does",[15,79462,39070],{},[20,79464,79465,79467],{},[15,79466,39070],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79469,79470,79471,79473],{},"An ",[30,79472,3081],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[193,79475,79476,79478,79480,79482],{},[196,79477,37254],{},[196,79479,37257],{},[196,79481,37260],{},[196,79483,79484],{},"a range object",[20,79486,30078],{},[44,79488,79490],{"className":46,"code":79489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79491,79492],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79493,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79495,39213],{"class":131},[53,79497,116],{"class":67},[53,79499,37213],{"class":112},[53,79501,81],{"class":67},[53,79503,37218],{"class":112},[53,79505,125],{"class":67},[20,79507,79508],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79510,79511,79512,33095],{},"Important: the result is a ",[30,79513,79336],{},[20,79515,79516,79517,37],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[464,79518,4495],{"href":4494},[39,79520,217],{"id":216},[20,79522,79523,79525],{},[15,79524,39070],{}," needs at least two parts:",[193,79527,79528,79534],{},[196,79529,79530,79533],{},[30,79531,79532],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[196,79535,79536,79539],{},[30,79537,79538],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79541,3066],{},[44,79543,79544],{"className":46,"code":79489,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,79545,79546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79547,79548,79550,79552,79554,79556,79558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79549,39213],{"class":131},[53,79551,116],{"class":67},[53,79553,37213],{"class":112},[53,79555,81],{"class":67},[53,79557,37218],{"class":112},[53,79559,125],{"class":67},[20,79561,79562],{},"You can pass:",[193,79564,79565,79574,79577],{},[196,79566,79567,79568,1540,79570,1544,79572],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79569,2801],{},[15,79571,1539],{},[15,79573,1366],{},[196,79575,79576],{},"your own custom function",[196,79578,79579],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79581,79582],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79584,79585,79586,79588],{},"You will often see ",[15,79587,39070],{}," used like this:",[44,79590,79592],{"className":46,"code":79591,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79593,79594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79595,79596,79598,79600,79602,79604,79606,79608,79610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79597,7460],{"class":550},[53,79599,116],{"class":67},[53,79601,39213],{"class":131},[53,79603,116],{"class":67},[53,79605,37213],{"class":112},[53,79607,81],{"class":67},[53,79609,3245],{"class":112},[53,79611,1377],{"class":67},[20,79613,6040,79614,79616],{},[15,79615,24135],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[39,79618,337],{"id":336},[20,79620,79621],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[44,79623,79625],{"className":46,"code":79624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79626,79627,79647,79665,79669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79628,79629,79631,79633,79635,79637,79639,79641,79643,79645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79630,266],{"class":59},[53,79632,64],{"class":63},[53,79634,2982],{"class":67},[53,79636,1684],{"class":273},[53,79638,81],{"class":67},[53,79640,7155],{"class":273},[53,79642,81],{"class":67},[53,79644,7160],{"class":273},[53,79646,2995],{"class":67},[53,79648,79649,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661,79663],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79650,1582],{"class":59},[53,79652,64],{"class":63},[53,79654,79381],{"class":131},[53,79656,116],{"class":67},[53,79658,2801],{"class":550},[53,79660,81],{"class":67},[53,79662,3622],{"class":112},[53,79664,125],{"class":67},[53,79666,79667],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,79668,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677,79679,79681],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,79672,132],{"class":131},[53,79674,116],{"class":67},[53,79676,7460],{"class":550},[53,79678,116],{"class":67},[53,79680,1617],{"class":112},[53,79682,1377],{"class":67},[20,79684,772],{},[44,79686,79688],{"className":46,"code":79687,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79689,79690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79691,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712,79714,79716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79693,3260],{"class":67},[53,79695,156],{"class":71},[53,79697,1684],{"class":75},[53,79699,156],{"class":71},[53,79701,81],{"class":67},[53,79703,165],{"class":71},[53,79705,15114],{"class":75},[53,79707,156],{"class":71},[53,79709,81],{"class":67},[53,79711,165],{"class":71},[53,79713,36194],{"class":75},[53,79715,156],{"class":71},[53,79717,2995],{"class":67},[20,79719,11048],{},[193,79721,79722,79727,79735,79743,79751],{},[196,79723,79724,79726],{},[15,79725,291],{}," contains integers",[196,79728,79729,79732,79733],{},[15,79730,79731],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79734,47041],{},[196,79736,79737,41510,79740],{},[15,79738,79739],{},"str(10)",[15,79741,79742],{},"'10'",[196,79744,79745,41510,79748],{},[15,79746,79747],{},"str(20)",[15,79749,79750],{},"'20'",[196,79752,79753,41510,79756],{},[15,79754,79755],{},"str(30)",[15,79757,79758],{},"'30'",[20,79760,53012,79761,79763,79764,79766],{},[15,79762,39070],{}," applies ",[15,79765,47041],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79768,79769,79770,79772,79773,37],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,79771,24135],{}," better, see ",[464,79774,2934,79775,2867],{"href":64207},[15,79776,24135],{},[39,79778,7785,79780,79782],{"id":79779},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,79781,39070],{}," with your own function",[20,79784,15074,79785,79787],{},[15,79786,39070],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[44,79789,79791],{"className":46,"code":79790,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79792,79793,79806,79816,79820,79844,79863,79867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79794,79795,79797,79800,79802,79804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79796,34205],{"class":1415},[53,79798,79799],{"class":34208}," double",[53,79801,116],{"class":67},[53,79803,1524],{"class":37015},[53,79805,7709],{"class":67},[53,79807,79808,79810,79812,79814],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,79809,34216],{"class":1105},[53,79811,3240],{"class":59},[53,79813,39226],{"class":63},[53,79815,44946],{"class":273},[53,79817,79818],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,79819,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,79821,79822,79824,79826,79828,79830,79832,79834,79836,79838,79840,79842],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,79823,266],{"class":59},[53,79825,64],{"class":63},[53,79827,2982],{"class":67},[53,79829,274],{"class":273},[53,79831,81],{"class":67},[53,79833,279],{"class":273},[53,79835,81],{"class":67},[53,79837,284],{"class":273},[53,79839,81],{"class":67},[53,79841,1811],{"class":273},[53,79843,2995],{"class":67},[53,79845,79846,79848,79850,79852,79854,79857,79859,79861],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,79847,1582],{"class":59},[53,79849,64],{"class":63},[53,79851,79381],{"class":131},[53,79853,116],{"class":67},[53,79855,79856],{"class":112},"double",[53,79858,81],{"class":67},[53,79860,3622],{"class":112},[53,79862,125],{"class":67},[53,79864,79865],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,79866,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,79868,79869,79871,79873,79875,79877,79879],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,79870,132],{"class":131},[53,79872,116],{"class":67},[53,79874,7460],{"class":550},[53,79876,116],{"class":67},[53,79878,1617],{"class":112},[53,79880,1377],{"class":67},[20,79882,772],{},[44,79884,79885],{"className":46,"code":39239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,79886,79887],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79888,79889,79891,79893,79895,79897,79899,79901,79903,79905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79890,3260],{"class":67},[53,79892,300],{"class":273},[53,79894,81],{"class":67},[53,79896,1811],{"class":273},[53,79898,81],{"class":67},[53,79900,36996],{"class":273},[53,79902,81],{"class":67},[53,79904,5722],{"class":273},[53,79906,2995],{"class":67},[20,79908,64943],{},[193,79910,79911,79918,79924],{},[196,79912,79913,79915,79916],{},[15,79914,39070],{}," takes the function ",[15,79917,79856],{},[196,79919,79920,79921,79923],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,79922,291],{}," into that function",[196,79925,79926],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,79928,79929],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[193,79931,79932,79939,79946,79954],{},[196,79933,79934,5434,79937],{},[15,79935,79936],{},"double(1)",[15,79938,300],{},[196,79940,79941,5434,79944],{},[15,79942,79943],{},"double(2)",[15,79945,1858],{},[196,79947,79948,5434,79951],{},[15,79949,79950],{},"double(3)",[15,79952,79953],{},"6",[196,79955,79956,5434,79959],{},[15,79957,79958],{},"double(4)",[15,79960,1699],{},[39,79962,7785,79964,79966],{"id":79963},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,79965,39070],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,79968,79969,79971],{},[15,79970,39070],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,79973,79974],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,79976,1559],{},[44,79978,79980],{"className":46,"code":79979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79981,79982,79999,80009,80013,80034,80055,80059,80084,80088],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,79983,79984,79986,79989,79991,79993,79995,79997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,79985,34205],{"class":1415},[53,79987,79988],{"class":34208}," add_numbers",[53,79990,116],{"class":67},[53,79992,464],{"class":37015},[53,79994,81],{"class":67},[53,79996,1913],{"class":37015},[53,79998,7709],{"class":67},[53,80000,80001,80003,80005,80007],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80002,34216],{"class":1105},[53,80004,43901],{"class":59},[53,80006,1409],{"class":63},[53,80008,35536],{"class":59},[53,80010,80011],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80012,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80014,80015,80018,80020,80022,80024,80026,80028,80030,80032],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80016,80017],{"class":59},"list1 ",[53,80019,64],{"class":63},[53,80021,2982],{"class":67},[53,80023,274],{"class":273},[53,80025,81],{"class":67},[53,80027,279],{"class":273},[53,80029,81],{"class":67},[53,80031,284],{"class":273},[53,80033,2995],{"class":67},[53,80035,80036,80039,80041,80043,80045,80047,80049,80051,80053],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,80037,80038],{"class":59},"list2 ",[53,80040,64],{"class":63},[53,80042,2982],{"class":67},[53,80044,1684],{"class":273},[53,80046,81],{"class":67},[53,80048,7155],{"class":273},[53,80050,81],{"class":67},[53,80052,7160],{"class":273},[53,80054,2995],{"class":67},[53,80056,80057],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,80058,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80060,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80072,80074,80077,80079,80082],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,80062,1582],{"class":59},[53,80064,64],{"class":63},[53,80066,79381],{"class":131},[53,80068,116],{"class":67},[53,80070,80071],{"class":112},"add_numbers",[53,80073,81],{"class":67},[53,80075,80076],{"class":112}," list1",[53,80078,81],{"class":67},[53,80080,80081],{"class":112}," list2",[53,80083,125],{"class":67},[53,80085,80086],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,80087,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80089,80090,80092,80094,80096,80098,80100],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,80091,132],{"class":131},[53,80093,116],{"class":67},[53,80095,7460],{"class":550},[53,80097,116],{"class":67},[53,80099,1617],{"class":112},[53,80101,1377],{"class":67},[20,80103,772],{},[44,80105,80107],{"className":46,"code":80106,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80108,80109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80110,80111,80113,80116,80118,80121,80123,80126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80112,3260],{"class":67},[53,80114,80115],{"class":273},"11",[53,80117,81],{"class":67},[53,80119,80120],{"class":273}," 22",[53,80122,81],{"class":67},[53,80124,80125],{"class":273}," 33",[53,80127,2995],{"class":67},[20,80129,1529],{},[193,80131,80132,80138,80144],{},[196,80133,80134,80135],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80136,80137],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[196,80139,80140,80141],{},"then ",[15,80142,80143],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[196,80145,80140,80146],{},[15,80147,80148],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[599,80150,80152,80154],{"id":80151},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80153,39070],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80156,80157,80158,80160],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80159,39070],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[44,80162,80164],{"className":46,"code":80163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80165,80166,80182,80192,80196,80220,80236,80240,80262,80266],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80167,80168,80170,80172,80174,80176,80178,80180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80169,34205],{"class":1415},[53,80171,79988],{"class":34208},[53,80173,116],{"class":67},[53,80175,464],{"class":37015},[53,80177,81],{"class":67},[53,80179,1913],{"class":37015},[53,80181,7709],{"class":67},[53,80183,80184,80186,80188,80190],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80185,34216],{"class":1105},[53,80187,43901],{"class":59},[53,80189,1409],{"class":63},[53,80191,35536],{"class":59},[53,80193,80194],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80195,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80197,80198,80200,80202,80204,80206,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80199,80017],{"class":59},[53,80201,64],{"class":63},[53,80203,2982],{"class":67},[53,80205,274],{"class":273},[53,80207,81],{"class":67},[53,80209,279],{"class":273},[53,80211,81],{"class":67},[53,80213,284],{"class":273},[53,80215,81],{"class":67},[53,80217,1811],{"class":273},[53,80219,2995],{"class":67},[53,80221,80222,80224,80226,80228,80230,80232,80234],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,80223,80038],{"class":59},[53,80225,64],{"class":63},[53,80227,2982],{"class":67},[53,80229,1684],{"class":273},[53,80231,81],{"class":67},[53,80233,7155],{"class":273},[53,80235,2995],{"class":67},[53,80237,80238],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,80239,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80241,80242,80244,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254,80256,80258,80260],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,80243,1582],{"class":59},[53,80245,64],{"class":63},[53,80247,79381],{"class":131},[53,80249,116],{"class":67},[53,80251,80071],{"class":112},[53,80253,81],{"class":67},[53,80255,80076],{"class":112},[53,80257,81],{"class":67},[53,80259,80081],{"class":112},[53,80261,125],{"class":67},[53,80263,80264],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,80265,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80267,80268,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,80269,132],{"class":131},[53,80271,116],{"class":67},[53,80273,7460],{"class":550},[53,80275,116],{"class":67},[53,80277,1617],{"class":112},[53,80279,1377],{"class":67},[20,80281,772],{},[44,80283,80285],{"className":46,"code":80284,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80286,80287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80288,80289,80291,80293,80295,80297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80290,3260],{"class":67},[53,80292,80115],{"class":273},[53,80294,81],{"class":67},[53,80296,80120],{"class":273},[53,80298,2995],{"class":67},[20,80300,80301,80302,80305],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80303,80304],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[39,80307,80309,80311],{"id":80308},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80310,39070],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80313,37376,80314,80316],{},[15,80315,39070],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80318,80319,80320,80323],{},"This object is ",[30,80321,80322],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[599,80325,1842,80327,80329],{"id":80326},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80328,32381],{}," looks strange",[20,80331,32996],{},[44,80333,80335],{"className":46,"code":80334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80336,80337,80357,80375,80379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80338,80339,80341,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80340,266],{"class":59},[53,80342,64],{"class":63},[53,80344,2982],{"class":67},[53,80346,274],{"class":273},[53,80348,81],{"class":67},[53,80350,279],{"class":273},[53,80352,81],{"class":67},[53,80354,284],{"class":273},[53,80356,2995],{"class":67},[53,80358,80359,80361,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80360,1582],{"class":59},[53,80362,64],{"class":63},[53,80364,79381],{"class":131},[53,80366,116],{"class":67},[53,80368,2801],{"class":550},[53,80370,81],{"class":67},[53,80372,3622],{"class":112},[53,80374,125],{"class":67},[53,80376,80377],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80378,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80380,80381,80383,80385,80387],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80382,132],{"class":131},[53,80384,116],{"class":67},[53,80386,1617],{"class":112},[53,80388,125],{"class":67},[20,80390,80391],{},"Output will look something like this:",[44,80393,80395],{"className":46,"code":80394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80396,80397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80398,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80400,2647],{"class":63},[53,80402,39213],{"class":131},[53,80404,23971],{"class":550},[53,80406,36716],{"class":59},[53,80408,36720],{"class":36719},[53,80410,36723],{"class":33807},[53,80412,2659],{"class":63},[20,80414,80415],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80417,80418],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[44,80420,80422],{"className":46,"code":80421,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80423,80424,80444,80462,80466],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80425,80426,80428,80430,80432,80434,80436,80438,80440,80442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80427,266],{"class":59},[53,80429,64],{"class":63},[53,80431,2982],{"class":67},[53,80433,274],{"class":273},[53,80435,81],{"class":67},[53,80437,279],{"class":273},[53,80439,81],{"class":67},[53,80441,284],{"class":273},[53,80443,2995],{"class":67},[53,80445,80446,80448,80450,80452,80454,80456,80458,80460],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80447,1582],{"class":59},[53,80449,64],{"class":63},[53,80451,79381],{"class":131},[53,80453,116],{"class":67},[53,80455,2801],{"class":550},[53,80457,81],{"class":67},[53,80459,3622],{"class":112},[53,80461,125],{"class":67},[53,80463,80464],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80465,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80467,80468,80470,80472,80474,80476,80478],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80469,132],{"class":131},[53,80471,116],{"class":67},[53,80473,7460],{"class":550},[53,80475,116],{"class":67},[53,80477,1617],{"class":112},[53,80479,1377],{"class":67},[20,80481,772],{},[44,80483,80485],{"className":46,"code":80484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80486,80487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80488,80489,80491,80493,80495,80497,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80490,3260],{"class":67},[53,80492,156],{"class":71},[53,80494,274],{"class":75},[53,80496,156],{"class":71},[53,80498,81],{"class":67},[53,80500,165],{"class":71},[53,80502,300],{"class":75},[53,80504,156],{"class":71},[53,80506,81],{"class":67},[53,80508,165],{"class":71},[53,80510,1412],{"class":75},[53,80512,156],{"class":71},[53,80514,2995],{"class":67},[599,80516,80518],{"id":80517},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[44,80520,80522],{"className":46,"code":80521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80523,80524,80544,80562,80566,80579],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80525,80526,80528,80530,80532,80534,80536,80538,80540,80542],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80527,266],{"class":59},[53,80529,64],{"class":63},[53,80531,2982],{"class":67},[53,80533,274],{"class":273},[53,80535,81],{"class":67},[53,80537,279],{"class":273},[53,80539,81],{"class":67},[53,80541,284],{"class":273},[53,80543,2995],{"class":67},[53,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556,80558,80560],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80547,1582],{"class":59},[53,80549,64],{"class":63},[53,80551,79381],{"class":131},[53,80553,116],{"class":67},[53,80555,2801],{"class":550},[53,80557,81],{"class":67},[53,80559,3622],{"class":112},[53,80561,125],{"class":67},[53,80563,80564],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80565,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80567,80568,80570,80572,80574,80577],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80569,5319],{"class":1105},[53,80571,5322],{"class":59},[53,80573,1067],{"class":1105},[53,80575,80576],{"class":59}," result",[53,80578,1120],{"class":67},[53,80580,80581,80583,80585,80587],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,80582,7435],{"class":131},[53,80584,116],{"class":67},[53,80586,22664],{"class":112},[53,80588,125],{"class":67},[20,80590,772],{},[44,80592,80594],{"className":46,"code":80593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80595,80596,80600,80604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80597,80598],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80599,46274],{"class":273},[53,80601,80602],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80603,16415],{"class":273},[53,80605,80606],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80607,45974],{"class":273},[599,80609,80611],{"id":80610},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80613,80614],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[44,80616,80618],{"className":46,"code":80617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80619,80620,80640,80658,80662,80676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80621,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80623,266],{"class":59},[53,80625,64],{"class":63},[53,80627,2982],{"class":67},[53,80629,274],{"class":273},[53,80631,81],{"class":67},[53,80633,279],{"class":273},[53,80635,81],{"class":67},[53,80637,284],{"class":273},[53,80639,2995],{"class":67},[53,80641,80642,80644,80646,80648,80650,80652,80654,80656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80643,1582],{"class":59},[53,80645,64],{"class":63},[53,80647,79381],{"class":131},[53,80649,116],{"class":67},[53,80651,2801],{"class":550},[53,80653,81],{"class":67},[53,80655,3622],{"class":112},[53,80657,125],{"class":67},[53,80659,80660],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80661,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80663,80664,80666,80668,80670,80672,80674],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80665,132],{"class":131},[53,80667,116],{"class":67},[53,80669,7460],{"class":550},[53,80671,116],{"class":67},[53,80673,1617],{"class":112},[53,80675,1377],{"class":67},[53,80677,80678,80680,80682,80684,80686,80688],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,80679,132],{"class":131},[53,80681,116],{"class":67},[53,80683,7460],{"class":550},[53,80685,116],{"class":67},[53,80687,1617],{"class":112},[53,80689,1377],{"class":67},[20,80691,772],{},[44,80693,80695],{"className":46,"code":80694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80696,80697,80725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80698,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717,80719,80721,80723],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80700,3260],{"class":67},[53,80702,156],{"class":71},[53,80704,274],{"class":75},[53,80706,156],{"class":71},[53,80708,81],{"class":67},[53,80710,165],{"class":71},[53,80712,300],{"class":75},[53,80714,156],{"class":71},[53,80716,81],{"class":67},[53,80718,165],{"class":71},[53,80720,1412],{"class":75},[53,80722,156],{"class":71},[53,80724,2995],{"class":67},[53,80726,80727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80728,37650],{"class":67},[20,80730,80731],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80733,80734],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[44,80736,80738],{"className":46,"code":80737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80739,80740,80760,80782,80786,80796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80741,80742,80744,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80743,266],{"class":59},[53,80745,64],{"class":63},[53,80747,2982],{"class":67},[53,80749,274],{"class":273},[53,80751,81],{"class":67},[53,80753,279],{"class":273},[53,80755,81],{"class":67},[53,80757,284],{"class":273},[53,80759,2995],{"class":67},[53,80761,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770,80772,80774,80776,80778,80780],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80763,1582],{"class":59},[53,80765,64],{"class":63},[53,80767,21913],{"class":550},[53,80769,116],{"class":67},[53,80771,39213],{"class":131},[53,80773,116],{"class":67},[53,80775,2801],{"class":550},[53,80777,81],{"class":67},[53,80779,3622],{"class":112},[53,80781,1377],{"class":67},[53,80783,80784],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80785,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80787,80788,80790,80792,80794],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80789,132],{"class":131},[53,80791,116],{"class":67},[53,80793,1617],{"class":112},[53,80795,125],{"class":67},[53,80797,80798,80800,80802,80804],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,80799,132],{"class":131},[53,80801,116],{"class":67},[53,80803,1617],{"class":112},[53,80805,125],{"class":67},[20,80807,772],{},[44,80809,80811],{"className":46,"code":80810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80812,80813,80841],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80814,80815,80817,80819,80821,80823,80825,80827,80829,80831,80833,80835,80837,80839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80816,3260],{"class":67},[53,80818,156],{"class":71},[53,80820,274],{"class":75},[53,80822,156],{"class":71},[53,80824,81],{"class":67},[53,80826,165],{"class":71},[53,80828,300],{"class":75},[53,80830,156],{"class":71},[53,80832,81],{"class":67},[53,80834,165],{"class":71},[53,80836,1412],{"class":75},[53,80838,156],{"class":71},[53,80840,2995],{"class":67},[53,80842,80843,80845,80847,80849,80851,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80844,3260],{"class":67},[53,80846,156],{"class":71},[53,80848,274],{"class":75},[53,80850,156],{"class":71},[53,80852,81],{"class":67},[53,80854,165],{"class":71},[53,80856,300],{"class":75},[53,80858,156],{"class":71},[53,80860,81],{"class":67},[53,80862,165],{"class":71},[53,80864,1412],{"class":75},[53,80866,156],{"class":71},[53,80868,2995],{"class":67},[39,80870,4319,80872],{"id":80871},"when-to-use-map",[15,80873,39070],{},[20,80875,80876,80878],{},[15,80877,39070],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,80880,80881],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[193,80883,80884,80888,80892],{},[196,80885,80886],{},[15,80887,2801],{},[196,80889,80890],{},[15,80891,1539],{},[196,80893,80894],{},[15,80895,1366],{},[20,80897,1559],{},[44,80899,80901],{"className":46,"code":80900,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,80902,80903,80935,80957,80961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80904,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931,80933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80906,3183],{"class":59},[53,80908,64],{"class":63},[53,80910,2982],{"class":67},[53,80912,156],{"class":71},[53,80914,274],{"class":75},[53,80916,156],{"class":71},[53,80918,81],{"class":67},[53,80920,165],{"class":71},[53,80922,300],{"class":75},[53,80924,156],{"class":71},[53,80926,81],{"class":67},[53,80928,165],{"class":71},[53,80930,1412],{"class":75},[53,80932,156],{"class":71},[53,80934,2995],{"class":67},[53,80936,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945,80947,80949,80951,80953,80955],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,80938,266],{"class":59},[53,80940,64],{"class":63},[53,80942,21913],{"class":550},[53,80944,116],{"class":67},[53,80946,39213],{"class":131},[53,80948,116],{"class":67},[53,80950,1539],{"class":550},[53,80952,81],{"class":67},[53,80954,3245],{"class":112},[53,80956,1377],{"class":67},[53,80958,80959],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,80960,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,80962,80963,80965,80967,80969],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,80964,132],{"class":131},[53,80966,116],{"class":67},[53,80968,291],{"class":112},[53,80970,125],{"class":67},[20,80972,772],{},[44,80974,80975],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,80976,80977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,80978,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989,80991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,80980,3260],{"class":67},[53,80982,274],{"class":273},[53,80984,81],{"class":67},[53,80986,279],{"class":273},[53,80988,81],{"class":67},[53,80990,284],{"class":273},[53,80992,2995],{"class":67},[20,80994,80995],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,80997,80998],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[44,81000,81002],{"className":46,"code":81001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81003,81004,81024,81046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81005,81006,81008,81010,81012,81014,81016,81018,81020,81022],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81007,266],{"class":59},[53,81009,64],{"class":63},[53,81011,2982],{"class":67},[53,81013,274],{"class":273},[53,81015,81],{"class":67},[53,81017,279],{"class":273},[53,81019,81],{"class":67},[53,81021,284],{"class":273},[53,81023,2995],{"class":67},[53,81025,81026,81028,81030,81032,81034,81036,81038,81040,81042,81044],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81027,1582],{"class":59},[53,81029,64],{"class":63},[53,81031,21913],{"class":550},[53,81033,116],{"class":67},[53,81035,39213],{"class":131},[53,81037,116],{"class":67},[53,81039,2801],{"class":550},[53,81041,81],{"class":67},[53,81043,3622],{"class":112},[53,81045,1377],{"class":67},[53,81047,81048,81050,81052,81054],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81049,132],{"class":131},[53,81051,116],{"class":67},[53,81053,1617],{"class":112},[53,81055,125],{"class":67},[44,81057,81059],{"className":46,"code":81058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81060,81061,81081,81108],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81062,81063,81065,81067,81069,81071,81073,81075,81077,81079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81064,266],{"class":59},[53,81066,64],{"class":63},[53,81068,2982],{"class":67},[53,81070,274],{"class":273},[53,81072,81],{"class":67},[53,81074,279],{"class":273},[53,81076,81],{"class":67},[53,81078,284],{"class":273},[53,81080,2995],{"class":67},[53,81082,81083,81085,81087,81089,81091,81093,81095,81097,81099,81102,81104,81106],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81084,1582],{"class":59},[53,81086,64],{"class":63},[53,81088,2982],{"class":67},[53,81090,2801],{"class":550},[53,81092,116],{"class":67},[53,81094,75389],{"class":112},[53,81096,3021],{"class":67},[53,81098,3237],{"class":1105},[53,81100,81101],{"class":59}," n ",[53,81103,1067],{"class":1105},[53,81105,3622],{"class":59},[53,81107,2995],{"class":67},[53,81109,81110,81112,81114,81116],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81111,132],{"class":131},[53,81113,116],{"class":67},[53,81115,1617],{"class":112},[53,81117,125],{"class":67},[20,81119,81120],{},"Both produce:",[44,81122,81123],{"className":46,"code":80484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81124,81125],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81126,81127,81129,81131,81133,81135,81137,81139,81141,81143,81145,81147,81149,81151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81128,3260],{"class":67},[53,81130,156],{"class":71},[53,81132,274],{"class":75},[53,81134,156],{"class":71},[53,81136,81],{"class":67},[53,81138,165],{"class":71},[53,81140,300],{"class":75},[53,81142,156],{"class":71},[53,81144,81],{"class":67},[53,81146,165],{"class":71},[53,81148,1412],{"class":75},[53,81150,156],{"class":71},[53,81152,2995],{"class":67},[20,81154,81155],{},"A simple rule:",[193,81157,81158,81163,81168],{},[196,81159,39344,81160,81162],{},[15,81161,39070],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[196,81164,39350,81165,81167],{},[15,81166,5319],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[196,81169,81170],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81172,81173,81174,37],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[464,81175,3752],{"href":3751},[39,81177,834],{"id":833},[599,81179,81181,81182],{"id":81180},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81183,24135],{},[20,81185,81186],{},"This is very common:",[44,81188,81189],{"className":46,"code":80334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81190,81191,81211,81229,81233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81192,81193,81195,81197,81199,81201,81203,81205,81207,81209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81194,266],{"class":59},[53,81196,64],{"class":63},[53,81198,2982],{"class":67},[53,81200,274],{"class":273},[53,81202,81],{"class":67},[53,81204,279],{"class":273},[53,81206,81],{"class":67},[53,81208,284],{"class":273},[53,81210,2995],{"class":67},[53,81212,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81214,1582],{"class":59},[53,81216,64],{"class":63},[53,81218,79381],{"class":131},[53,81220,116],{"class":67},[53,81222,2801],{"class":550},[53,81224,81],{"class":67},[53,81226,3622],{"class":112},[53,81228,125],{"class":67},[53,81230,81231],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81232,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81234,81235,81237,81239,81241],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,81236,132],{"class":131},[53,81238,116],{"class":67},[53,81240,1617],{"class":112},[53,81242,125],{"class":67},[20,81244,81245],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81247,38615],{},[44,81249,81251],{"className":46,"code":81250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81252,81253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81254,81255,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81256,132],{"class":131},[53,81258,116],{"class":67},[53,81260,7460],{"class":550},[53,81262,116],{"class":67},[53,81264,1617],{"class":112},[53,81266,1377],{"class":67},[599,81268,81270],{"id":81269},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81272,852],{},[44,81274,81276],{"className":46,"code":81275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81277,81278,81298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81279,81280,81282,81284,81286,81288,81290,81292,81294,81296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81281,266],{"class":59},[53,81283,64],{"class":63},[53,81285,2982],{"class":67},[53,81287,274],{"class":273},[53,81289,81],{"class":67},[53,81291,279],{"class":273},[53,81293,81],{"class":67},[53,81295,284],{"class":273},[53,81297,2995],{"class":67},[53,81299,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310,81313,81315],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81301,1582],{"class":59},[53,81303,64],{"class":63},[53,81305,79381],{"class":131},[53,81307,116],{"class":67},[53,81309,2801],{"class":550},[53,81311,81312],{"class":67},"(),",[53,81314,3622],{"class":112},[53,81316,125],{"class":67},[20,81318,81319,81320,81322,81323,81325],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81321,47041],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81324,39070],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81327,941],{},[44,81329,81330],{"className":46,"code":80421,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81331,81332,81352,81370,81374],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81333,81334,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81335,266],{"class":59},[53,81337,64],{"class":63},[53,81339,2982],{"class":67},[53,81341,274],{"class":273},[53,81343,81],{"class":67},[53,81345,279],{"class":273},[53,81347,81],{"class":67},[53,81349,284],{"class":273},[53,81351,2995],{"class":67},[53,81353,81354,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81355,1582],{"class":59},[53,81357,64],{"class":63},[53,81359,79381],{"class":131},[53,81361,116],{"class":67},[53,81363,2801],{"class":550},[53,81365,81],{"class":67},[53,81367,3622],{"class":112},[53,81369,125],{"class":67},[53,81371,81372],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81373,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81375,81376,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,81377,132],{"class":131},[53,81379,116],{"class":67},[53,81381,7460],{"class":550},[53,81383,116],{"class":67},[53,81385,1617],{"class":112},[53,81387,1377],{"class":67},[599,81389,81391],{"id":81390},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81393,81394],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81396,852],{},[44,81398,81400],{"className":46,"code":81399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81401,81402,81419,81429,81433,81453,81472,81476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81403,81404,81406,81409,81411,81413,81415,81417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81405,34205],{"class":1415},[53,81407,81408],{"class":34208}," add",[53,81410,116],{"class":67},[53,81412,464],{"class":37015},[53,81414,81],{"class":67},[53,81416,1913],{"class":37015},[53,81418,7709],{"class":67},[53,81420,81421,81423,81425,81427],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81422,34216],{"class":1105},[53,81424,43901],{"class":59},[53,81426,1409],{"class":63},[53,81428,35536],{"class":59},[53,81430,81431],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81432,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81434,81435,81437,81439,81441,81443,81445,81447,81449,81451],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,81436,266],{"class":59},[53,81438,64],{"class":63},[53,81440,2982],{"class":67},[53,81442,274],{"class":273},[53,81444,81],{"class":67},[53,81446,279],{"class":273},[53,81448,81],{"class":67},[53,81450,284],{"class":273},[53,81452,2995],{"class":67},[53,81454,81455,81457,81459,81461,81463,81466,81468,81470],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,81456,1582],{"class":59},[53,81458,64],{"class":63},[53,81460,79381],{"class":131},[53,81462,116],{"class":67},[53,81464,81465],{"class":112},"add",[53,81467,81],{"class":67},[53,81469,3622],{"class":112},[53,81471,125],{"class":67},[53,81473,81474],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,81475,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81477,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,81479,132],{"class":131},[53,81481,116],{"class":67},[53,81483,7460],{"class":550},[53,81485,116],{"class":67},[53,81487,1617],{"class":112},[53,81489,1377],{"class":67},[20,81491,941],{},[44,81493,81495],{"className":46,"code":81494,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81496,81497,81513,81523,81527,81547,81567,81589,81593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81498,81499,81501,81503,81505,81507,81509,81511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81500,34205],{"class":1415},[53,81502,81408],{"class":34208},[53,81504,116],{"class":67},[53,81506,464],{"class":37015},[53,81508,81],{"class":67},[53,81510,1913],{"class":37015},[53,81512,7709],{"class":67},[53,81514,81515,81517,81519,81521],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81516,34216],{"class":1105},[53,81518,43901],{"class":59},[53,81520,1409],{"class":63},[53,81522,35536],{"class":59},[53,81524,81525],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81526,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,81530,80017],{"class":59},[53,81532,64],{"class":63},[53,81534,2982],{"class":67},[53,81536,274],{"class":273},[53,81538,81],{"class":67},[53,81540,279],{"class":273},[53,81542,81],{"class":67},[53,81544,284],{"class":273},[53,81546,2995],{"class":67},[53,81548,81549,81551,81553,81555,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,81550,80038],{"class":59},[53,81552,64],{"class":63},[53,81554,2982],{"class":67},[53,81556,1684],{"class":273},[53,81558,81],{"class":67},[53,81560,7155],{"class":273},[53,81562,81],{"class":67},[53,81564,7160],{"class":273},[53,81566,2995],{"class":67},[53,81568,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581,81583,81585,81587],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,81570,1582],{"class":59},[53,81572,64],{"class":63},[53,81574,79381],{"class":131},[53,81576,116],{"class":67},[53,81578,81465],{"class":112},[53,81580,81],{"class":67},[53,81582,80076],{"class":112},[53,81584,81],{"class":67},[53,81586,80081],{"class":112},[53,81588,125],{"class":67},[53,81590,81591],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,81592,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81594,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,81596,132],{"class":131},[53,81598,116],{"class":67},[53,81600,7460],{"class":550},[53,81602,116],{"class":67},[53,81604,1617],{"class":112},[53,81606,1377],{"class":67},[599,81608,81610],{"id":81609},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81612,852],{},[44,81614,81615],{"className":46,"code":80617,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,81616,81617,81637,81655,81659,81673],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81618,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81620,266],{"class":59},[53,81622,64],{"class":63},[53,81624,2982],{"class":67},[53,81626,274],{"class":273},[53,81628,81],{"class":67},[53,81630,279],{"class":273},[53,81632,81],{"class":67},[53,81634,284],{"class":273},[53,81636,2995],{"class":67},[53,81638,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647,81649,81651,81653],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81640,1582],{"class":59},[53,81642,64],{"class":63},[53,81644,79381],{"class":131},[53,81646,116],{"class":67},[53,81648,2801],{"class":550},[53,81650,81],{"class":67},[53,81652,3622],{"class":112},[53,81654,125],{"class":67},[53,81656,81657],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81658,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,81660,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669,81671],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,81662,132],{"class":131},[53,81664,116],{"class":67},[53,81666,7460],{"class":550},[53,81668,116],{"class":67},[53,81670,1617],{"class":112},[53,81672,1377],{"class":67},[53,81674,81675,81677,81679,81681,81683,81685],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,81676,132],{"class":131},[53,81678,116],{"class":67},[53,81680,7460],{"class":550},[53,81682,116],{"class":67},[53,81684,1617],{"class":112},[53,81686,1377],{"class":67},[20,81688,81689],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81691,81692],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[39,81694,67254],{"id":67253},[20,81696,8243,81697,81699],{},[15,81698,39070],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,81701,81703],{"className":46,"code":81702,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81704,81705,81715,81729,81743,81755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81706,81707,81709,81711,81713],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81708,132],{"class":131},[53,81710,116],{"class":67},[53,81712,1617],{"class":112},[53,81714,125],{"class":67},[53,81716,81717,81719,81721,81723,81725,81727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81718,132],{"class":131},[53,81720,116],{"class":67},[53,81722,7460],{"class":550},[53,81724,116],{"class":67},[53,81726,1617],{"class":112},[53,81728,1377],{"class":67},[53,81730,81731,81733,81735,81737,81739,81741],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,81732,132],{"class":131},[53,81734,116],{"class":67},[53,81736,2578],{"class":550},[53,81738,116],{"class":67},[53,81740,1617],{"class":112},[53,81742,1377],{"class":67},[53,81744,81745,81747,81749,81751,81753],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,81746,5319],{"class":1105},[53,81748,5322],{"class":59},[53,81750,1067],{"class":1105},[53,81752,80576],{"class":59},[53,81754,1120],{"class":67},[53,81756,81757,81759,81761,81763],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,81758,7435],{"class":131},[53,81760,116],{"class":67},[53,81762,22664],{"class":112},[53,81764,125],{"class":67},[20,81766,12037],{},[193,81768,81769,81774,81779,81785],{},[196,81770,81771,81773],{},[15,81772,32381],{}," shows that you have a map object",[196,81775,81776,81778],{},[15,81777,32389],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[196,81780,81781,81784],{},[15,81782,81783],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[196,81786,81787,81788,81790],{},"looping over ",[15,81789,1617],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,81792,81793,81794,81797,81798,81800],{},"Be careful: ",[15,81795,81796],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,81799,5319],{}," loop consume the map object.",[39,81802,1187],{"id":1186},[599,81804,1191,81806,81808],{"id":81805},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,81807,39070],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,81810,81811,81812,81814,81815,23292],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,81813,39070],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,81816,81817],{},"list(map(...))",[599,81819,14263,81821,81823,81824,81826],{"id":81820},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,81822,39070],{}," better than a ",[15,81825,5319],{}," loop?",[20,81828,81829,81830,81832,81833,81835],{},"Not always. ",[15,81831,39070],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,81834,5319],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[599,81837,1234,81839,81841],{"id":81838},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,81840,39070],{}," use more than one list?",[20,81843,81844],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[599,81846,81848],{"id":81847},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,81850,81851],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[39,81853,1244],{"id":1243},[193,81855,81856,81862,81868,81872,81876],{},[196,81857,81858],{},[464,81859,2934,81860,2867],{"href":39439},[15,81861,36928],{},[196,81863,81864],{},[464,81865,2934,81866,2867],{"href":64207},[15,81867,24135],{},[196,81869,81870],{},[464,81871,4580],{"href":4490},[196,81873,81874],{},[464,81875,4585],{"href":3751},[196,81877,81878],{},[464,81879,4575],{"href":4494},[1276,81881,81882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":81884},[81885,81886,81888,81889,81890,81892,81897,81904,81906,81913,81914,81923],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":79460,"depth":104,"text":81887},"What map() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":79779,"depth":104,"text":81891},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":79963,"depth":104,"text":81893,"children":81894},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[81895],{"id":80151,"depth":128,"text":81896},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80308,"depth":104,"text":81898,"children":81899},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[81900,81902,81903],{"id":80326,"depth":128,"text":81901},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80517,"depth":128,"text":80518},{"id":80610,"depth":128,"text":80611},{"id":80871,"depth":104,"text":81905},"When to use map()",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":81907},[81908,81910,81911,81912],{"id":81180,"depth":128,"text":81909},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81269,"depth":128,"text":81270},{"id":81390,"depth":128,"text":81391},{"id":81609,"depth":128,"text":81610},{"id":67253,"depth":104,"text":67254},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":81915},[81916,81918,81920,81922],{"id":81805,"depth":128,"text":81917},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":81820,"depth":128,"text":81919},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":81838,"depth":128,"text":81921},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":81847,"depth":128,"text":81848},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79292,"description":81924},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":81931,"title":81932,"body":81933,"description":83953,"extension":1312,"meta":83954,"navigation":383,"path":83955,"seo":83956,"stem":83957,"__hash__":83958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":81934,"toc":83911},[81935,81941,81946,81949,81957,81960,81962,82086,82088,82106,82108,82128,82133,82137,82151,82154,82157,82159,82164,82276,82279,82297,82303,82306,82368,82370,82379,82382,82396,82398,82446,82448,82457,82467,82473,82476,82503,82505,82513,82516,82519,82589,82591,82599,82602,82607,82612,82663,82665,82673,82676,82678,82695,82697,82749,82752,82758,82762,82767,82770,82774,82833,82835,82844,82850,82859,82863,82926,82928,82936,82941,82945,82950,83030,83032,83041,83048,83053,83058,83061,83096,83098,83106,83109,83115,83117,83167,83169,83178,83181,83199,83201,83206,83212,83219,83246,83248,83271,83276,83311,83316,83322,83327,83370,83373,83376,83415,83422,83428,83433,83448,83452,83459,83462,83466,83471,83475,83480,83482,83543,83545,83574,83579,83586,83595,83597,83600,83625,83627,83730,83733,83751,83760,83762,83767,83770,83776,83779,83781,83791,83797,83801,83859,83866,83874,83876,83908],[10,81936,2934,81938,2938],{"id":81937},"python-max-function-explained",[15,81939,81940],{},"max()",[20,81942,8491,81943,81945],{},[15,81944,81940],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,81947,81948],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[193,81950,81951,81954],{},[196,81952,81953],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[196,81955,81956],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,81958,81959],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[39,81961,42],{"id":41},[44,81963,81965],{"className":46,"code":81964,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,81966,81967,81991,82006,82010,82036,82040,82072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,81968,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979,81981,81983,81985,81987,81989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,81970,266],{"class":59},[53,81972,64],{"class":63},[53,81974,2982],{"class":67},[53,81976,1412],{"class":273},[53,81978,81],{"class":67},[53,81980,5722],{"class":273},[53,81982,81],{"class":67},[53,81984,279],{"class":273},[53,81986,81],{"class":67},[53,81988,3963],{"class":273},[53,81990,2995],{"class":67},[53,81992,81993,81995,81997,82000,82002,82004],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,81994,132],{"class":131},[53,81996,116],{"class":67},[53,81998,81999],{"class":131},"max",[53,82001,116],{"class":67},[53,82003,291],{"class":112},[53,82005,1377],{"class":67},[53,82007,82008],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,82009,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,82011,82012,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82026,82028,82030,82032,82034],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,82013,132],{"class":131},[53,82015,116],{"class":67},[53,82017,81999],{"class":131},[53,82019,116],{"class":67},[53,82021,1412],{"class":273},[53,82023,81],{"class":67},[53,82025,5722],{"class":273},[53,82027,81],{"class":67},[53,82029,279],{"class":273},[53,82031,81],{"class":67},[53,82033,3963],{"class":273},[53,82035,1377],{"class":67},[53,82037,82038],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,82039,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,82041,82042,82044,82046,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064,82066,82068,82070],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,82043,3431],{"class":59},[53,82045,64],{"class":63},[53,82047,2982],{"class":67},[53,82049,72],{"class":71},[53,82051,356],{"class":75},[53,82053,72],{"class":71},[53,82055,81],{"class":67},[53,82057,84],{"class":71},[53,82059,365],{"class":75},[53,82061,72],{"class":71},[53,82063,81],{"class":67},[53,82065,84],{"class":71},[53,82067,78103],{"class":75},[53,82069,72],{"class":71},[53,82071,2995],{"class":67},[53,82073,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082,82084],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,82075,132],{"class":131},[53,82077,116],{"class":67},[53,82079,81999],{"class":131},[53,82081,116],{"class":67},[53,82083,3473],{"class":112},[53,82085,1377],{"class":67},[20,82087,772],{},[44,82089,82091],{"className":46,"code":82090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82092,82093,82097,82101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82094,82095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82096,1735],{"class":273},[53,82098,82099],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82100,1735],{"class":273},[53,82102,82103],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,82104,82105],{"class":59},"pear\n",[20,82107,19313],{},[193,82109,82110,82116,82122],{},[196,82111,82112,82115],{},[15,82113,82114],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[196,82117,82118,82121],{},[15,82119,82120],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[196,82123,82124,82127],{},[15,82125,82126],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[39,82129,183,82131,186],{"id":82130},"what-max-does",[15,82132,81940],{},[20,82134,82135,191],{},[15,82136,81940],{},[193,82138,82139,82142,82145,82148],{},[196,82140,82141],{},"Returns the largest item",[196,82143,82144],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[196,82146,82147],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[196,82149,82150],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82152,82153],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82155,82156],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[39,82158,217],{"id":216},[20,82160,82161,82162,191],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82163,81940],{},[44,82165,82167],{"className":46,"code":82166,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82168,82169,82179,82203,82225,82248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82170,82171,82173,82175,82177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82172,81999],{"class":131},[53,82174,116],{"class":67},[53,82176,3081],{"class":112},[53,82178,125],{"class":67},[53,82180,82181,82183,82185,82187,82189,82192,82194,82196,82198,82201],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82182,81999],{"class":131},[53,82184,116],{"class":67},[53,82186,3081],{"class":112},[53,82188,81],{"class":67},[53,82190,82191],{"class":63}," *",[53,82193,81],{"class":67},[53,82195,20934],{"class":8544},[53,82197,64],{"class":63},[53,82199,82200],{"class":112},"func",[53,82202,125],{"class":67},[53,82204,82205,82207,82209,82211,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,82206,81999],{"class":131},[53,82208,116],{"class":67},[53,82210,3081],{"class":112},[53,82212,81],{"class":67},[53,82214,82191],{"class":63},[53,82216,81],{"class":67},[53,82218,25878],{"class":8544},[53,82220,64],{"class":63},[53,82222,236],{"class":112},[53,82224,125],{"class":67},[53,82226,82227,82229,82231,82234,82236,82239,82241,82243,82246],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,82228,81999],{"class":131},[53,82230,116],{"class":67},[53,82232,82233],{"class":112},"arg1",[53,82235,81],{"class":67},[53,82237,82238],{"class":112}," arg2",[53,82240,81],{"class":67},[53,82242,82191],{"class":63},[53,82244,82245],{"class":112},"args",[53,82247,125],{"class":67},[53,82249,82250,82252,82254,82256,82258,82260,82262,82264,82266,82268,82270,82272,82274],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,82251,81999],{"class":131},[53,82253,116],{"class":67},[53,82255,82233],{"class":112},[53,82257,81],{"class":67},[53,82259,82238],{"class":112},[53,82261,81],{"class":67},[53,82263,82191],{"class":63},[53,82265,82245],{"class":112},[53,82267,81],{"class":67},[53,82269,20934],{"class":8544},[53,82271,64],{"class":63},[53,82273,82200],{"class":112},[53,82275,125],{"class":67},[20,82277,82278],{},"The most important parts are:",[193,82280,82281,82286,82291],{},[196,82282,82283,82285],{},[15,82284,3081],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[196,82287,82288,82290],{},[15,82289,14201],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[196,82292,82293,82296],{},[15,82294,82295],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[39,82298,7785,82300,82302],{"id":82299},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82301,81940],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82304,82305],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[44,82307,82309],{"className":46,"code":82308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82310,82311,82337,82353,82357],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82312,82313,82315,82317,82319,82322,82324,82326,82328,82330,82332,82335],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82314,4422],{"class":59},[53,82316,64],{"class":63},[53,82318,2982],{"class":67},[53,82320,82321],{"class":273},"72",[53,82323,81],{"class":67},[53,82325,50869],{"class":273},[53,82327,81],{"class":67},[53,82329,12866],{"class":273},[53,82331,81],{"class":67},[53,82333,82334],{"class":273}," 66",[53,82336,2995],{"class":67},[53,82338,82339,82342,82344,82347,82349,82351],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82340,82341],{"class":59},"highest_score ",[53,82343,64],{"class":63},[53,82345,82346],{"class":131}," max",[53,82348,116],{"class":67},[53,82350,15749],{"class":112},[53,82352,125],{"class":67},[53,82354,82355],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,82356,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,82358,82359,82361,82363,82366],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,82360,132],{"class":131},[53,82362,116],{"class":67},[53,82364,82365],{"class":112},"highest_score",[53,82367,125],{"class":67},[20,82369,772],{},[44,82371,82373],{"className":46,"code":82372,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"91\n",[15,82374,82375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82376,82377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82378,82372],{"class":273},[20,82380,82381],{},"This works well for:",[193,82383,82384,82387,82390,82393],{},[196,82385,82386],{},"Scores",[196,82388,82389],{},"Prices",[196,82391,82392],{},"Ages",[196,82394,82395],{},"Counts",[20,82397,51439],{},[44,82399,82401],{"className":46,"code":82400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82402,82403,82431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82404,82405,82408,82410,82412,82414,82416,82419,82421,82424,82426,82429],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82406,82407],{"class":59},"prices ",[53,82409,64],{"class":63},[53,82411,2982],{"class":67},[53,82413,39752],{"class":273},[53,82415,81],{"class":67},[53,82417,82418],{"class":273}," 5.50",[53,82420,81],{"class":67},[53,82422,82423],{"class":273}," 12.75",[53,82425,81],{"class":67},[53,82427,82428],{"class":273}," 29.00",[53,82430,2995],{"class":67},[53,82432,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441,82444],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82434,132],{"class":131},[53,82436,116],{"class":67},[53,82438,81999],{"class":131},[53,82440,116],{"class":67},[53,82442,82443],{"class":112},"prices",[53,82445,1377],{"class":67},[20,82447,772],{},[44,82449,82451],{"className":46,"code":82450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"29.0\n",[15,82452,82453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82454,82455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82456,82450],{"class":273},[20,82458,82459,82460,82462,82463,37],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82461,81940],{}," is simpler than ",[464,82464,82465],{"href":73880},[15,82466,73783],{},[39,82468,7785,82470,82472],{"id":82469},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82471,81940],{}," with separate values",[20,82474,82475],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[44,82477,82479],{"className":46,"code":82478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82480,82481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82482,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82484,132],{"class":131},[53,82486,116],{"class":67},[53,82488,81999],{"class":131},[53,82490,116],{"class":67},[53,82492,1858],{"class":273},[53,82494,81],{"class":67},[53,82496,30296],{"class":273},[53,82498,81],{"class":67},[53,82500,5355],{"class":273},[53,82502,1377],{"class":67},[20,82504,772],{},[44,82506,82507],{"className":46,"code":1577,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82508,82509],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82510,82511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82512,1577],{"class":273},[20,82514,82515],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82517,82518],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[44,82520,82522],{"className":46,"code":82521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82523,82524,82533,82541,82551,82555,82578],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82525,82526,82528,82530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82527,1908],{"class":59},[53,82529,64],{"class":63},[53,82531,82532],{"class":273}," 15\n",[53,82534,82535,82537,82539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82536,1936],{"class":59},[53,82538,64],{"class":63},[53,82540,2123],{"class":273},[53,82542,82543,82546,82548],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,82544,82545],{"class":59},"c ",[53,82547,64],{"class":63},[53,82549,82550],{"class":273}," 27\n",[53,82552,82553],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,82554,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,82556,82557,82560,82562,82564,82566,82568,82570,82572,82574,82576],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,82558,82559],{"class":59},"largest ",[53,82561,64],{"class":63},[53,82563,82346],{"class":131},[53,82565,116],{"class":67},[53,82567,464],{"class":112},[53,82569,81],{"class":67},[53,82571,1913],{"class":112},[53,82573,81],{"class":67},[53,82575,9049],{"class":112},[53,82577,125],{"class":67},[53,82579,82580,82582,82584,82587],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,82581,132],{"class":131},[53,82583,116],{"class":67},[53,82585,82586],{"class":112},"largest",[53,82588,125],{"class":67},[20,82590,772],{},[44,82592,82593],{"className":46,"code":45969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82594,82595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82596,82597],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82598,45969],{"class":273},[20,82600,82601],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[39,82603,7785,82605,46416],{"id":82604},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82606,81940],{},[20,82608,82609,82611],{},[15,82610,81940],{}," can compare strings too.",[44,82613,82615],{"className":46,"code":82614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82616,82617,82649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82618,82619,82621,82623,82625,82627,82629,82631,82633,82635,82637,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82620,3431],{"class":59},[53,82622,64],{"class":63},[53,82624,2982],{"class":67},[53,82626,72],{"class":71},[53,82628,356],{"class":75},[53,82630,72],{"class":71},[53,82632,81],{"class":67},[53,82634,84],{"class":71},[53,82636,365],{"class":75},[53,82638,72],{"class":71},[53,82640,81],{"class":67},[53,82642,84],{"class":71},[53,82644,78103],{"class":75},[53,82646,72],{"class":71},[53,82648,2995],{"class":67},[53,82650,82651,82653,82655,82657,82659,82661],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82652,132],{"class":131},[53,82654,116],{"class":67},[53,82656,81999],{"class":131},[53,82658,116],{"class":67},[53,82660,3473],{"class":112},[53,82662,1377],{"class":67},[20,82664,772],{},[44,82666,82667],{"className":46,"code":82105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82668,82669],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82670,82671],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82672,82105],{"class":59},[20,82674,82675],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82677,67642],{},[193,82679,82680,82689,82692],{},[196,82681,82682,82685,82686,82688],{},[15,82683,82684],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82687,454],{}," alphabetically",[196,82690,82691],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[196,82693,82694],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82696,1559],{},[44,82698,82700],{"className":46,"code":82699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82701,82702,82735],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82703,82704,82706,82708,82710,82712,82714,82716,82718,82720,82723,82725,82727,82729,82731,82733],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82705,3431],{"class":59},[53,82707,64],{"class":63},[53,82709,2982],{"class":67},[53,82711,72],{"class":71},[53,82713,356],{"class":75},[53,82715,72],{"class":71},[53,82717,81],{"class":67},[53,82719,84],{"class":71},[53,82721,82722],{"class":75},"Banana",[53,82724,72],{"class":71},[53,82726,81],{"class":67},[53,82728,84],{"class":71},[53,82730,78103],{"class":75},[53,82732,72],{"class":71},[53,82734,2995],{"class":67},[53,82736,82737,82739,82741,82743,82745,82747],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82738,132],{"class":131},[53,82740,116],{"class":67},[53,82742,81999],{"class":131},[53,82744,116],{"class":67},[53,82746,3473],{"class":112},[53,82748,1377],{"class":67},[20,82750,82751],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82753,82754,82755,82757],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82756,14201],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[39,82759,35965,82760,35968],{"id":78061},[15,82761,14201],{},[20,82763,1329,82764,82766],{},[15,82765,14201],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82768,82769],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[599,82771,82773],{"id":82772},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[44,82775,82777],{"className":46,"code":82776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,82778,82779,82811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82780,82781,82783,82785,82787,82789,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807,82809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82782,3431],{"class":59},[53,82784,64],{"class":63},[53,82786,2982],{"class":67},[53,82788,72],{"class":71},[53,82790,36400],{"class":75},[53,82792,72],{"class":71},[53,82794,81],{"class":67},[53,82796,84],{"class":71},[53,82798,67685],{"class":75},[53,82800,72],{"class":71},[53,82802,81],{"class":67},[53,82804,84],{"class":71},[53,82806,57485],{"class":75},[53,82808,72],{"class":71},[53,82810,2995],{"class":67},[53,82812,82813,82815,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82814,132],{"class":131},[53,82816,116],{"class":67},[53,82818,81999],{"class":131},[53,82820,116],{"class":67},[53,82822,3473],{"class":112},[53,82824,81],{"class":67},[53,82826,20934],{"class":8544},[53,82828,64],{"class":63},[53,82830,10528],{"class":131},[53,82832,1377],{"class":67},[20,82834,772],{},[44,82836,82838],{"className":46,"code":82837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"elephant\n",[15,82839,82840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82841,82842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82843,82837],{"class":59},[20,82845,20127,82846,82849],{},[15,82847,82848],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,82851,82852,82853,32982,82855,37],{},"If you are new to ",[15,82854,41716],{},[464,82856,82857,5144],{"href":41713},[15,82858,41716],{},[599,82860,82862],{"id":82861},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[44,82864,82866],{"className":46,"code":82865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,82867,82868,82900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82869,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82871,3431],{"class":59},[53,82873,64],{"class":63},[53,82875,2982],{"class":67},[53,82877,72],{"class":71},[53,82879,356],{"class":75},[53,82881,72],{"class":71},[53,82883,81],{"class":67},[53,82885,84],{"class":71},[53,82887,82722],{"class":75},[53,82889,72],{"class":71},[53,82891,81],{"class":67},[53,82893,84],{"class":71},[53,82895,78103],{"class":75},[53,82897,72],{"class":71},[53,82899,2995],{"class":67},[53,82901,82902,82904,82906,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918,82920,82922,82924],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,82903,132],{"class":131},[53,82905,116],{"class":67},[53,82907,81999],{"class":131},[53,82909,116],{"class":67},[53,82911,3473],{"class":112},[53,82913,81],{"class":67},[53,82915,20934],{"class":8544},[53,82917,64],{"class":63},[53,82919,2801],{"class":550},[53,82921,37],{"class":67},[53,82923,8008],{"class":24104},[53,82925,1377],{"class":67},[20,82927,772],{},[44,82929,82930],{"className":46,"code":82105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,82931,82932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82933,82934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82935,82105],{"class":59},[20,82937,20127,82938,82940],{},[15,82939,78057],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[599,82942,82944],{"id":82943},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,82946,82947,82948,191],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,82949,37012],{},[44,82951,82953],{"className":46,"code":82952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,82954,82955,82998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,82956,82957,82959,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82976,82978,82980,82982,82985,82987,82989,82991,82994,82996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,82958,7144],{"class":59},[53,82960,64],{"class":63},[53,82962,2982],{"class":67},[53,82964,72],{"class":71},[53,82966,464],{"class":75},[53,82968,72],{"class":71},[53,82970,81],{"class":67},[53,82972,84],{"class":71},[53,82974,82975],{"class":75},"bb",[53,82977,72],{"class":71},[53,82979,81],{"class":67},[53,82981,84],{"class":71},[53,82983,82984],{"class":75},"cccc",[53,82986,72],{"class":71},[53,82988,81],{"class":67},[53,82990,84],{"class":71},[53,82992,82993],{"class":75},"ddd",[53,82995,72],{"class":71},[53,82997,2995],{"class":67},[53,82999,83000,83002,83004,83006,83008,83010,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83001,132],{"class":131},[53,83003,116],{"class":67},[53,83005,81999],{"class":131},[53,83007,116],{"class":67},[53,83009,7175],{"class":112},[53,83011,81],{"class":67},[53,83013,20934],{"class":8544},[53,83015,64],{"class":63},[53,83017,37012],{"class":1415},[53,83019,42197],{"class":37015},[53,83021,191],{"class":67},[53,83023,37739],{"class":131},[53,83025,116],{"class":67},[53,83027,34063],{"class":112},[53,83029,2267],{"class":67},[20,83031,772],{},[44,83033,83035],{"className":46,"code":83034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cccc\n",[15,83036,83037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83038,83039],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83040,83034],{"class":59},[20,83042,48908,83043,594,83045,83047],{},[15,83044,82848],{},[15,83046,77944],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[39,83049,35965,83051,35968],{"id":83050},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83052,82295],{},[20,83054,1329,83055,83057],{},[15,83056,82295],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83059,83060],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[44,83062,83064],{"className":46,"code":83063,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83065,83066,83074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83067,83068,83070,83072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83069,266],{"class":59},[53,83071,64],{"class":63},[53,83073,7204],{"class":67},[53,83075,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088,83090,83092,83094],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83077,132],{"class":131},[53,83079,116],{"class":67},[53,83081,81999],{"class":131},[53,83083,116],{"class":67},[53,83085,291],{"class":112},[53,83087,81],{"class":67},[53,83089,25878],{"class":8544},[53,83091,64],{"class":63},[53,83093,1470],{"class":273},[53,83095,1377],{"class":67},[20,83097,772],{},[44,83099,83100],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83101,83102],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83103,83104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83105,46609],{"class":273},[20,83107,83108],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83110,83111,83112,83114],{},"Without ",[15,83113,82295],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83116,51439],{},[44,83118,83120],{"className":46,"code":83119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83121,83122,83130,83157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83123,83124,83126,83128],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83125,3431],{"class":59},[53,83127,64],{"class":63},[53,83129,7204],{"class":67},[53,83131,83132,83134,83136,83138,83140,83142,83144,83146,83148,83150,83153,83155],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83133,1582],{"class":59},[53,83135,64],{"class":63},[53,83137,82346],{"class":131},[53,83139,116],{"class":67},[53,83141,3473],{"class":112},[53,83143,81],{"class":67},[53,83145,25878],{"class":8544},[53,83147,64],{"class":63},[53,83149,72],{"class":71},[53,83151,83152],{"class":75},"no words found",[53,83154,72],{"class":71},[53,83156,125],{"class":67},[53,83158,83159,83161,83163,83165],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,83160,132],{"class":131},[53,83162,116],{"class":67},[53,83164,1617],{"class":112},[53,83166,125],{"class":67},[20,83168,772],{},[44,83170,83172],{"className":46,"code":83171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"no words found\n",[15,83173,83174],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83175,83176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83177,83171],{"class":59},[20,83179,83180],{},"Important:",[193,83182,83183,83191],{},[196,83184,83185,83187,83188],{},[15,83186,82295],{}," works with ",[15,83189,83190],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[196,83192,40260,83193,83195,83196],{},[30,83194,461],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83197,83198],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[39,83200,47344],{"id":47343},[20,83202,83203,83204,37],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83205,81940],{},[599,83207,83209,83211],{"id":83208},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83210,40058],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83213,83214,83215,45265,83217,37],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83216,82295],{},[15,83218,40058],{},[44,83220,83222],{"className":46,"code":83221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83223,83224,83232],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83225,83226,83228,83230],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83227,266],{"class":59},[53,83229,64],{"class":63},[53,83231,7204],{"class":67},[53,83233,83234,83236,83238,83240,83242,83244],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83235,132],{"class":131},[53,83237,116],{"class":67},[53,83239,81999],{"class":131},[53,83241,116],{"class":67},[53,83243,291],{"class":112},[53,83245,1377],{"class":67},[20,83247,29037],{},[44,83249,83251],{"className":46,"code":83250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83252,83253],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83254,83255,83257,83259,83261,83263,83266,83268],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83256,40058],{"class":550},[53,83258,191],{"class":67},[53,83260,82346],{"class":131},[53,83262,6729],{"class":67},[53,83264,83265],{"class":59}," arg ",[53,83267,11558],{"class":63},[53,83269,83270],{"class":59}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83272,83273,83274,191],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83275,82295],{},[44,83277,83279],{"className":46,"code":83278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83280,83281,83289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83282,83283,83285,83287],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83284,266],{"class":59},[53,83286,64],{"class":63},[53,83288,7204],{"class":67},[53,83290,83291,83293,83295,83297,83299,83301,83303,83305,83307,83309],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83292,132],{"class":131},[53,83294,116],{"class":67},[53,83296,81999],{"class":131},[53,83298,116],{"class":67},[53,83300,291],{"class":112},[53,83302,81],{"class":67},[53,83304,25878],{"class":8544},[53,83306,64],{"class":63},[53,83308,849],{"class":938},[53,83310,1377],{"class":67},[20,83312,83313,83314,37],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[464,83315,65198],{"href":72237},[599,83317,83319,83321],{"id":83318},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83320,2360],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83323,83324,83325,37],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83326,2360],{},[44,83328,83330],{"className":46,"code":83329,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83331,83332,83356],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83333,83334,83336,83338,83340,83342,83344,83346,83348,83350,83352,83354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83335,7144],{"class":59},[53,83337,64],{"class":63},[53,83339,2982],{"class":67},[53,83341,1684],{"class":273},[53,83343,81],{"class":67},[53,83345,84],{"class":71},[53,83347,15114],{"class":75},[53,83349,72],{"class":71},[53,83351,81],{"class":67},[53,83353,7160],{"class":273},[53,83355,2995],{"class":67},[53,83357,83358,83360,83362,83364,83366,83368],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83359,132],{"class":131},[53,83361,116],{"class":67},[53,83363,81999],{"class":131},[53,83365,116],{"class":67},[53,83367,7175],{"class":112},[53,83369,1377],{"class":67},[20,83371,83372],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83374,83375],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[44,83377,83379],{"className":46,"code":83378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83380,83381,83401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83382,83383,83385,83387,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83384,7144],{"class":59},[53,83386,64],{"class":63},[53,83388,2982],{"class":67},[53,83390,1684],{"class":273},[53,83392,81],{"class":67},[53,83394,7155],{"class":273},[53,83396,81],{"class":67},[53,83398,7160],{"class":273},[53,83400,2995],{"class":67},[53,83402,83403,83405,83407,83409,83411,83413],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83404,132],{"class":131},[53,83406,116],{"class":67},[53,83408,81999],{"class":131},[53,83410,116],{"class":67},[53,83412,7175],{"class":112},[53,83414,1377],{"class":67},[20,83416,83417,83418,37],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[464,83419,83421],{"href":83420},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[599,83423,83425,83427],{"id":83424},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83426,2360],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83429,83430,83432],{},[15,83431,81940],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[44,83434,83436],{"className":46,"code":83435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(max())\n",[15,83437,83438],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83439,83440,83442,83444,83446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83441,132],{"class":131},[53,83443,116],{"class":67},[53,83445,81999],{"class":131},[53,83447,6557],{"class":67},[20,83449,2357,83450,37],{},[15,83451,2360],{},[39,83453,83455,9952,83457],{"id":83454},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83456,81940],{},[15,83458,73783],{},[20,83460,83461],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83463,83464,191],{},[15,83465,81940],{},[193,83467,83468],{},[196,83469,83470],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83472,83473,191],{},[15,83474,73783],{},[193,83476,83477],{},[196,83478,83479],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83481,1559],{},[44,83483,83485],{"className":46,"code":83484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83486,83487,83511,83515,83529],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83488,83489,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83490,266],{"class":59},[53,83492,64],{"class":63},[53,83494,2982],{"class":67},[53,83496,1412],{"class":273},[53,83498,81],{"class":67},[53,83500,5722],{"class":273},[53,83502,81],{"class":67},[53,83504,279],{"class":273},[53,83506,81],{"class":67},[53,83508,3963],{"class":273},[53,83510,2995],{"class":67},[53,83512,83513],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83514,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,83516,83517,83519,83521,83523,83525,83527],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,83518,132],{"class":131},[53,83520,116],{"class":67},[53,83522,81999],{"class":131},[53,83524,116],{"class":67},[53,83526,291],{"class":112},[53,83528,1377],{"class":67},[53,83530,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,83532,132],{"class":131},[53,83534,116],{"class":67},[53,83536,73873],{"class":131},[53,83538,116],{"class":67},[53,83540,291],{"class":112},[53,83542,1377],{"class":67},[20,83544,772],{},[44,83546,83548],{"className":46,"code":83547,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83549,83550,83554],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83551,83552],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83553,1735],{"class":273},[53,83555,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566,83568,83570,83572],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83557,3260],{"class":67},[53,83559,300],{"class":273},[53,83561,81],{"class":67},[53,83563,284],{"class":273},[53,83565,81],{"class":67},[53,83567,3963],{"class":273},[53,83569,81],{"class":67},[53,83571,5722],{"class":273},[53,83573,2995],{"class":67},[20,83575,174,83576,83578],{},[15,83577,81940],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83580,174,83581,83585],{},[464,83582,83583],{"href":73880},[15,83584,73783],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83587,83588,83589,37],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[464,83590,83592],{"href":83591},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83593,83594],{},"min()",[39,83596,2185],{"id":2184},[20,83598,83599],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[193,83601,83602,83609,83612,83617,83620],{},[196,83603,29006,83604,83606,83607],{},[15,83605,81940],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83608,82295],{},[196,83610,83611],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[196,83613,838,83614,83616],{},[15,83615,81940],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[196,83618,83619],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[196,83621,7785,83622,83624],{},[15,83623,82295],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83626,10479],{},[44,83628,83630],{"className":46,"code":83629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83631,83632,83642,83656,83670,83684,83706],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83633,83634,83636,83638,83640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83635,132],{"class":131},[53,83637,116],{"class":67},[53,83639,7175],{"class":112},[53,83641,125],{"class":67},[53,83643,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83645,132],{"class":131},[53,83647,116],{"class":67},[53,83649,2578],{"class":550},[53,83651,116],{"class":67},[53,83653,7175],{"class":112},[53,83655,1377],{"class":67},[53,83657,83658,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,83659,132],{"class":131},[53,83661,116],{"class":67},[53,83663,10528],{"class":131},[53,83665,116],{"class":67},[53,83667,7175],{"class":112},[53,83669,1377],{"class":67},[53,83671,83672,83674,83676,83678,83680,83682],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,83673,132],{"class":131},[53,83675,116],{"class":67},[53,83677,81999],{"class":131},[53,83679,116],{"class":67},[53,83681,7175],{"class":112},[53,83683,1377],{"class":67},[53,83685,83686,83688,83690,83692,83694,83696,83698,83700,83702,83704],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,83687,132],{"class":131},[53,83689,116],{"class":67},[53,83691,81999],{"class":131},[53,83693,116],{"class":67},[53,83695,7175],{"class":112},[53,83697,81],{"class":67},[53,83699,25878],{"class":8544},[53,83701,64],{"class":63},[53,83703,849],{"class":938},[53,83705,1377],{"class":67},[53,83707,83708,83710,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,83709,132],{"class":131},[53,83711,2341],{"class":67},[53,83713,2578],{"class":550},[53,83715,116],{"class":67},[53,83717,1524],{"class":112},[53,83719,3021],{"class":67},[53,83721,3237],{"class":1105},[53,83723,3240],{"class":112},[53,83725,1067],{"class":1105},[53,83727,5327],{"class":112},[53,83729,3248],{"class":67},[20,83731,83732],{},"These are useful for checking:",[193,83734,83735,83740,83745,83748],{},[196,83736,83737,83738],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83739,7175],{},[196,83741,79110,83742,83744],{},[15,83743,7175],{}," is a list or some other type",[196,83746,83747],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[196,83749,83750],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83752,68706,83753,83756,83757,83759],{},[15,83754,83755],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83758,7175],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[39,83761,1187],{"id":1186},[599,83763,4501,83765,4504],{"id":83764},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83766,81940],{},[20,83768,83769],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[599,83771,1234,83773,83775],{"id":83772},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,83774,81940],{}," work with strings?",[20,83777,83778],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[599,83780,71005],{"id":71004},[20,83782,83783,477,83785,83787,83788,83790],{},[15,83784,81940],{},[15,83786,40058],{}," unless you use the ",[15,83789,82295],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[599,83792,83794,83795,1222],{"id":83793},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,83796,81940],{},[20,83798,174,83799,191],{},[15,83800,82848],{},[44,83802,83803],{"className":46,"code":82776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,83804,83805,83837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83806,83807,83809,83811,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829,83831,83833,83835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83808,3431],{"class":59},[53,83810,64],{"class":63},[53,83812,2982],{"class":67},[53,83814,72],{"class":71},[53,83816,36400],{"class":75},[53,83818,72],{"class":71},[53,83820,81],{"class":67},[53,83822,84],{"class":71},[53,83824,67685],{"class":75},[53,83826,72],{"class":71},[53,83828,81],{"class":67},[53,83830,84],{"class":71},[53,83832,57485],{"class":75},[53,83834,72],{"class":71},[53,83836,2995],{"class":67},[53,83838,83839,83841,83843,83845,83847,83849,83851,83853,83855,83857],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,83840,132],{"class":131},[53,83842,116],{"class":67},[53,83844,81999],{"class":131},[53,83846,116],{"class":67},[53,83848,3473],{"class":112},[53,83850,81],{"class":67},[53,83852,20934],{"class":8544},[53,83854,64],{"class":63},[53,83856,10528],{"class":131},[53,83858,1377],{"class":67},[599,83860,4538,83862,594,83864,1222],{"id":83861},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,83863,81940],{},[15,83865,73783],{},[20,83867,83868,83870,83871,83873],{},[15,83869,81940],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,83872,73783],{}," returns all items in order.",[39,83875,1244],{"id":1243},[193,83877,83878,83884,83890,83896,83900,83904],{},[196,83879,83880],{},[464,83881,83882,2867],{"href":83591},[15,83883,83594],{},[196,83885,83886],{},[464,83887,83888,2867],{"href":73880},[15,83889,73783],{},[196,83891,83892],{},[464,83893,83894,2867],{"href":41713},[15,83895,41716],{},[196,83897,83898],{},[464,83899,58314],{"href":58313},[196,83901,83902],{},[464,83903,65198],{"href":72237},[196,83905,83906],{},[464,83907,83421],{"href":83420},[1276,83909,83910],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":83912},[83913,83914,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83928,83930,83938,83940,83941,83952],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":82130,"depth":104,"text":83915},"What max() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":82299,"depth":104,"text":83918},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82469,"depth":104,"text":83920},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82604,"depth":104,"text":83922},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78061,"depth":104,"text":79259,"children":83924},[83925,83926,83927],{"id":82772,"depth":128,"text":82773},{"id":82861,"depth":128,"text":82862},{"id":82943,"depth":128,"text":82944},{"id":83050,"depth":104,"text":83929},"Using the default argument",{"id":47343,"depth":104,"text":47344,"children":83931},[83932,83934,83936],{"id":83208,"depth":128,"text":83933},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83318,"depth":128,"text":83935},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83424,"depth":128,"text":83937},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83454,"depth":104,"text":83939},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":83942},[83943,83945,83947,83948,83950],{"id":83764,"depth":128,"text":83944},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":83772,"depth":128,"text":83946},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71004,"depth":128,"text":71005},{"id":83793,"depth":128,"text":83949},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":83861,"depth":128,"text":83951},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":81932,"description":83953},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":83960,"title":83961,"body":83962,"description":85916,"extension":1312,"meta":85917,"navigation":383,"path":85918,"seo":85919,"stem":85920,"__hash__":85921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":83963,"toc":85873},[83964,83969,83974,83980,83982,84056,84058,84071,84076,84081,84097,84101,84106,84182,84188,84191,84234,84236,84244,84250,84253,84284,84286,84294,84300,84305,84364,84366,84375,84378,84388,84394,84399,84434,84436,84444,84450,84456,84461,84505,84507,84516,84519,84559,84561,84570,84573,84585,84590,84595,84646,84648,84657,84660,84711,84713,84722,84725,84732,84738,84743,84745,84760,84764,84824,84826,84835,84839,85011,85013,85050,85057,85063,85066,85093,85095,85116,85121,85156,85158,85166,85169,85172,85188,85193,85195,85199,85205,85209,85236,85239,85249,85289,85293,85296,85339,85341,85350,85353,85358,85427,85429,85437,85442,85446,85449,85500,85502,85510,85513,85576,85578,85586,85589,85594,85598,85611,85618,85626,85628,85630,85660,85666,85767,85777,85779,85784,85787,85792,85795,85797,85805,85813,85821,85828,85836,85838,85870],[10,83965,2934,83967,2938],{"id":83966},"python-min-function-explained",[15,83968,83594],{},[20,83970,83971,83973],{},[15,83972,83594],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,83975,83976,83977,83979],{},"This page explains what ",[15,83978,83594],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[39,83981,42],{"id":41},[44,83983,83985],{"className":46,"code":83984,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,83986,83987,84011,84026,84030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,83988,83989,83991,83993,83995,83997,83999,84001,84003,84005,84007,84009],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,83990,266],{"class":59},[53,83992,64],{"class":63},[53,83994,2982],{"class":67},[53,83996,1487],{"class":273},[53,83998,81],{"class":67},[53,84000,279],{"class":273},[53,84002,81],{"class":67},[53,84004,53495],{"class":273},[53,84006,81],{"class":67},[53,84008,4858],{"class":273},[53,84010,2995],{"class":67},[53,84012,84013,84015,84017,84020,84022,84024],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84014,132],{"class":131},[53,84016,116],{"class":67},[53,84018,84019],{"class":131},"min",[53,84021,116],{"class":67},[53,84023,291],{"class":112},[53,84025,1377],{"class":67},[53,84027,84028],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,84029,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,84031,84032,84034,84036,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,84033,132],{"class":131},[53,84035,116],{"class":67},[53,84037,84019],{"class":131},[53,84039,116],{"class":67},[53,84041,1487],{"class":273},[53,84043,81],{"class":67},[53,84045,279],{"class":273},[53,84047,81],{"class":67},[53,84049,53495],{"class":273},[53,84051,81],{"class":67},[53,84053,4858],{"class":273},[53,84055,1377],{"class":67},[20,84057,772],{},[44,84059,84061],{"className":46,"code":84060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1\n1\n",[15,84062,84063,84067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84064,84065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84066,46274],{"class":273},[53,84068,84069],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84070,46274],{"class":273},[20,84072,174,84073,84075],{},[15,84074,83594],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[39,84077,183,84079,186],{"id":84078},"what-min-does",[15,84080,83594],{},[193,84082,84083,84088,84091,84094],{},[196,84084,84085,84087],{},[15,84086,83594],{}," returns the smallest item",[196,84089,84090],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[196,84092,84093],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[196,84095,84096],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[39,84098,84100],{"id":84099},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84102,84103,84104,191],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84105,83594],{},[44,84107,84109],{"className":46,"code":84108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84110,84111,84121,84146,84164],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84112,84113,84115,84117,84119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84114,84019],{"class":131},[53,84116,116],{"class":67},[53,84118,3081],{"class":112},[53,84120,125],{"class":67},[53,84122,84123,84125,84127,84130,84132,84135,84137,84140,84142,84144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84124,84019],{"class":131},[53,84126,116],{"class":67},[53,84128,84129],{"class":112},"value1",[53,84131,81],{"class":67},[53,84133,84134],{"class":112}," value2",[53,84136,81],{"class":67},[53,84138,84139],{"class":112}," value3",[53,84141,81],{"class":67},[53,84143,33808],{"class":131},[53,84145,125],{"class":67},[53,84147,84148,84150,84152,84154,84156,84158,84160,84162],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,84149,84019],{"class":131},[53,84151,116],{"class":67},[53,84153,3081],{"class":112},[53,84155,81],{"class":67},[53,84157,20934],{"class":8544},[53,84159,64],{"class":63},[53,84161,36723],{"class":131},[53,84163,125],{"class":67},[53,84165,84166,84168,84170,84172,84174,84176,84178,84180],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,84167,84019],{"class":131},[53,84169,116],{"class":67},[53,84171,3081],{"class":112},[53,84173,81],{"class":67},[53,84175,25878],{"class":8544},[53,84177,64],{"class":63},[53,84179,36723],{"class":131},[53,84181,125],{"class":67},[599,84183,84185],{"id":84184},"miniterable",[15,84186,84187],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84189,84190],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[44,84192,84194],{"className":46,"code":84193,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84195,84196,84220],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84197,84198,84200,84202,84204,84206,84208,84210,84212,84214,84216,84218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84199,266],{"class":59},[53,84201,64],{"class":63},[53,84203,2982],{"class":67},[53,84205,1699],{"class":273},[53,84207,81],{"class":67},[53,84209,284],{"class":273},[53,84211,81],{"class":67},[53,84213,30296],{"class":273},[53,84215,81],{"class":67},[53,84217,4858],{"class":273},[53,84219,2995],{"class":67},[53,84221,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84223,132],{"class":131},[53,84225,116],{"class":67},[53,84227,84019],{"class":131},[53,84229,116],{"class":67},[53,84231,291],{"class":112},[53,84233,1377],{"class":67},[20,84235,772],{},[44,84237,84238],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84239,84240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84241,84242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84243,46274],{"class":273},[599,84245,84247],{"id":84246},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84248,84249],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84251,84252],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[44,84254,84256],{"className":46,"code":84255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84257,84258],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84259,84260,84262,84264,84266,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84261,132],{"class":131},[53,84263,116],{"class":67},[53,84265,84019],{"class":131},[53,84267,116],{"class":67},[53,84269,1699],{"class":273},[53,84271,81],{"class":67},[53,84273,284],{"class":273},[53,84275,81],{"class":67},[53,84277,30296],{"class":273},[53,84279,81],{"class":67},[53,84281,4858],{"class":273},[53,84283,1377],{"class":67},[20,84285,772],{},[44,84287,84288],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84289,84290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84291,84292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84293,46274],{"class":273},[599,84295,84297],{"id":84296},"miniterable-key",[15,84298,84299],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84301,174,84302,84304],{},[15,84303,14201],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[44,84306,84308],{"className":46,"code":84307,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84309,84310,84342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84311,84312,84314,84316,84318,84320,84322,84324,84326,84328,84330,84332,84334,84336,84338,84340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84313,3431],{"class":59},[53,84315,64],{"class":63},[53,84317,2982],{"class":67},[53,84319,72],{"class":71},[53,84321,78103],{"class":75},[53,84323,72],{"class":71},[53,84325,81],{"class":67},[53,84327,84],{"class":71},[53,84329,37694],{"class":75},[53,84331,72],{"class":71},[53,84333,81],{"class":67},[53,84335,84],{"class":71},[53,84337,365],{"class":75},[53,84339,72],{"class":71},[53,84341,2995],{"class":67},[53,84343,84344,84346,84348,84350,84352,84354,84356,84358,84360,84362],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84345,132],{"class":131},[53,84347,116],{"class":67},[53,84349,84019],{"class":131},[53,84351,116],{"class":67},[53,84353,3473],{"class":112},[53,84355,81],{"class":67},[53,84357,20934],{"class":8544},[53,84359,64],{"class":63},[53,84361,10528],{"class":131},[53,84363,1377],{"class":67},[20,84365,772],{},[44,84367,84369],{"className":46,"code":84368,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"kiwi\n",[15,84370,84371],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84372,84373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84374,84368],{"class":59},[20,84376,84377],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84379,84380,84381,84383,84384,37],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84382,41716],{},", see the ",[464,84385,84386,2867],{"href":41713},[15,84387,41716],{},[599,84389,84391],{"id":84390},"miniterable-default",[15,84392,84393],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84395,174,84396,84398],{},[15,84397,82295],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[44,84400,84402],{"className":46,"code":84401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84403,84404,84412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84405,84406,84408,84410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84407,266],{"class":59},[53,84409,64],{"class":63},[53,84411,7204],{"class":67},[53,84413,84414,84416,84418,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84415,132],{"class":131},[53,84417,116],{"class":67},[53,84419,84019],{"class":131},[53,84421,116],{"class":67},[53,84423,291],{"class":112},[53,84425,81],{"class":67},[53,84427,25878],{"class":8544},[53,84429,64],{"class":63},[53,84431,1470],{"class":273},[53,84433,1377],{"class":67},[20,84435,772],{},[44,84437,84438],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,84439,84440],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84441,84442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84443,46609],{"class":273},[20,84445,84446,84447,84449],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84448,40058],{}," when there is no item to return.",[39,84451,7785,84453,84455],{"id":84452},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84454,83594],{}," with numbers",[20,84457,84458,84460],{},[15,84459,83594],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[44,84462,84464],{"className":46,"code":84463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84465,84466,84491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84467,84468,84470,84472,84474,84476,84478,84481,84483,84485,84487,84489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84469,4422],{"class":59},[53,84471,64],{"class":63},[53,84473,2982],{"class":67},[53,84475,50864],{"class":273},[53,84477,81],{"class":67},[53,84479,84480],{"class":273}," 72",[53,84482,81],{"class":67},[53,84484,28262],{"class":273},[53,84486,81],{"class":67},[53,84488,75459],{"class":273},[53,84490,2995],{"class":67},[53,84492,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84494,132],{"class":131},[53,84496,116],{"class":67},[53,84498,84019],{"class":131},[53,84500,116],{"class":67},[53,84502,15749],{"class":112},[53,84504,1377],{"class":67},[20,84506,772],{},[44,84508,84510],{"className":46,"code":84509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"60\n",[15,84511,84512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84513,84514],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84515,84509],{"class":273},[20,84517,84518],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[44,84520,84522],{"className":46,"code":84521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84523,84524,84545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84525,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84539,84541,84543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84527,82407],{"class":59},[53,84529,64],{"class":63},[53,84531,2982],{"class":67},[53,84533,39752],{"class":273},[53,84535,81],{"class":67},[53,84537,84538],{"class":273}," 5.49",[53,84540,81],{"class":67},[53,84542,82423],{"class":273},[53,84544,2995],{"class":67},[53,84546,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84548,132],{"class":131},[53,84550,116],{"class":67},[53,84552,84019],{"class":131},[53,84554,116],{"class":67},[53,84556,82443],{"class":112},[53,84558,1377],{"class":67},[20,84560,772],{},[44,84562,84564],{"className":46,"code":84563,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5.49\n",[15,84565,84566],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84567,84568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84569,84563],{"class":273},[20,84571,84572],{},"This is useful for things like:",[193,84574,84575,84577,84579,84582],{},[196,84576,15749],{},[196,84578,82443],{},[196,84580,84581],{},"measurements",[196,84583,84584],{},"ages",[39,84586,7785,84588,46416],{"id":84587},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84589,83594],{},[20,84591,84592,84594],{},[15,84593,83594],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[44,84596,84598],{"className":46,"code":84597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84599,84600,84632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84601,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618,84620,84622,84624,84626,84628,84630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84603,3431],{"class":59},[53,84605,64],{"class":63},[53,84607,2982],{"class":67},[53,84609,72],{"class":71},[53,84611,365],{"class":75},[53,84613,72],{"class":71},[53,84615,81],{"class":67},[53,84617,84],{"class":71},[53,84619,356],{"class":75},[53,84621,72],{"class":71},[53,84623,81],{"class":67},[53,84625,84],{"class":71},[53,84627,3456],{"class":75},[53,84629,72],{"class":71},[53,84631,2995],{"class":67},[53,84633,84634,84636,84638,84640,84642,84644],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84635,132],{"class":131},[53,84637,116],{"class":67},[53,84639,84019],{"class":131},[53,84641,116],{"class":67},[53,84643,3473],{"class":112},[53,84645,1377],{"class":67},[20,84647,772],{},[44,84649,84651],{"className":46,"code":84650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple\n",[15,84652,84653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84654,84655],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84656,84650],{"class":59},[20,84658,84659],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[44,84661,84663],{"className":46,"code":84662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84664,84665,84697],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84666,84667,84669,84671,84673,84675,84677,84679,84681,84683,84685,84687,84689,84691,84693,84695],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84668,3431],{"class":59},[53,84670,64],{"class":63},[53,84672,2982],{"class":67},[53,84674,72],{"class":71},[53,84676,365],{"class":75},[53,84678,72],{"class":71},[53,84680,81],{"class":67},[53,84682,84],{"class":71},[53,84684,57126],{"class":75},[53,84686,72],{"class":71},[53,84688,81],{"class":67},[53,84690,84],{"class":71},[53,84692,3456],{"class":75},[53,84694,72],{"class":71},[53,84696,2995],{"class":67},[53,84698,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84700,132],{"class":131},[53,84702,116],{"class":67},[53,84704,84019],{"class":131},[53,84706,116],{"class":67},[53,84708,3473],{"class":112},[53,84710,1377],{"class":67},[20,84712,772],{},[44,84714,84716],{"className":46,"code":84715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\n",[15,84717,84718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84719,84720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84721,84715],{"class":59},[20,84723,84724],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84726,84727,84728,37],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[464,84729,84730,5144],{"href":73880},[15,84731,73783],{},[39,84733,7785,84735,84737],{"id":84734},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84736,83594],{}," with a key function",[20,84739,1329,84740,84742],{},[15,84741,14201],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84744,10824],{},[193,84746,84747,84752,84757],{},[196,84748,84749,84751],{},[15,84750,14201],{}," changes the comparison rule",[196,84753,84754,84756],{},[15,84755,83594],{}," still returns the original item",[196,84758,84759],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[599,84761,84763],{"id":84762},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[44,84765,84767],{"className":46,"code":84766,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84768,84769,84802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84770,84771,84773,84775,84777,84779,84781,84783,84785,84787,84789,84791,84793,84795,84798,84800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84772,3431],{"class":59},[53,84774,64],{"class":63},[53,84776,2982],{"class":67},[53,84778,72],{"class":71},[53,84780,67685],{"class":75},[53,84782,72],{"class":71},[53,84784,81],{"class":67},[53,84786,84],{"class":71},[53,84788,36400],{"class":75},[53,84790,72],{"class":71},[53,84792,81],{"class":67},[53,84794,84],{"class":71},[53,84796,84797],{"class":75},"giraffe",[53,84799,72],{"class":71},[53,84801,2995],{"class":67},[53,84803,84804,84806,84808,84810,84812,84814,84816,84818,84820,84822],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84805,132],{"class":131},[53,84807,116],{"class":67},[53,84809,84019],{"class":131},[53,84811,116],{"class":67},[53,84813,3473],{"class":112},[53,84815,81],{"class":67},[53,84817,20934],{"class":8544},[53,84819,64],{"class":63},[53,84821,10528],{"class":131},[53,84823,1377],{"class":67},[20,84825,772],{},[44,84827,84829],{"className":46,"code":84828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat\n",[15,84830,84831],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84832,84833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84834,84828],{"class":59},[599,84836,84838],{"id":84837},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[44,84840,84842],{"className":46,"code":84841,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,84843,84844,84854,84889,84921,84953,84957,84961,85000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,84845,84846,84849,84851],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,84847,84848],{"class":59},"students ",[53,84850,64],{"class":63},[53,84852,84853],{"class":67}," [\n",[53,84855,84856,84859,84861,84863,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875,84877,84880,84882,84884,84886],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,84857,84858],{"class":67},"    {",[53,84860,72],{"class":71},[53,84862,7032],{"class":75},[53,84864,72],{"class":71},[53,84866,191],{"class":67},[53,84868,84],{"class":71},[53,84870,12244],{"class":75},[53,84872,72],{"class":71},[53,84874,81],{"class":67},[53,84876,84],{"class":71},[53,84878,84879],{"class":75},"score",[53,84881,72],{"class":71},[53,84883,191],{"class":67},[53,84885,12866],{"class":273},[53,84887,84888],{"class":67},"},\n",[53,84890,84891,84893,84895,84897,84899,84901,84903,84905,84907,84909,84911,84913,84915,84917,84919],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,84892,84858],{"class":67},[53,84894,72],{"class":71},[53,84896,7032],{"class":75},[53,84898,72],{"class":71},[53,84900,191],{"class":67},[53,84902,84],{"class":71},[53,84904,35296],{"class":75},[53,84906,72],{"class":71},[53,84908,81],{"class":67},[53,84910,84],{"class":71},[53,84912,84879],{"class":75},[53,84914,72],{"class":71},[53,84916,191],{"class":67},[53,84918,84480],{"class":273},[53,84920,84888],{"class":67},[53,84922,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,84924,84858],{"class":67},[53,84926,72],{"class":71},[53,84928,7032],{"class":75},[53,84930,72],{"class":71},[53,84932,191],{"class":67},[53,84934,84],{"class":71},[53,84936,35305],{"class":75},[53,84938,72],{"class":71},[53,84940,81],{"class":67},[53,84942,84],{"class":71},[53,84944,84879],{"class":75},[53,84946,72],{"class":71},[53,84948,191],{"class":67},[53,84950,19254],{"class":273},[53,84952,101],{"class":67},[53,84954,84955],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,84956,2995],{"class":67},[53,84958,84959],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,84960,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,84962,84963,84966,84968,84971,84973,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994,84996,84998],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,84964,84965],{"class":59},"lowest ",[53,84967,64],{"class":63},[53,84969,84970],{"class":131}," min",[53,84972,116],{"class":67},[53,84974,84975],{"class":112},"students",[53,84977,81],{"class":67},[53,84979,20934],{"class":8544},[53,84981,64],{"class":63},[53,84983,37012],{"class":1415},[53,84985,12270],{"class":37015},[53,84987,191],{"class":67},[53,84989,12270],{"class":112},[53,84991,3260],{"class":67},[53,84993,72],{"class":71},[53,84995,84879],{"class":75},[53,84997,72],{"class":71},[53,84999,3248],{"class":67},[53,85001,85002,85004,85006,85009],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,85003,132],{"class":131},[53,85005,116],{"class":67},[53,85007,85008],{"class":112},"lowest",[53,85010,125],{"class":67},[20,85012,772],{},[44,85014,85016],{"className":46,"code":85015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85017,85018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85019,85020,85022,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85021,153],{"class":67},[53,85023,156],{"class":71},[53,85025,7032],{"class":75},[53,85027,156],{"class":71},[53,85029,191],{"class":67},[53,85031,165],{"class":71},[53,85033,35296],{"class":75},[53,85035,156],{"class":71},[53,85037,81],{"class":67},[53,85039,165],{"class":71},[53,85041,84879],{"class":75},[53,85043,156],{"class":71},[53,85045,191],{"class":67},[53,85047,84480],{"class":273},[53,85049,101],{"class":67},[20,85051,85052,85053,85056],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85054,85055],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[39,85058,7785,85060,85062],{"id":85059},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85061,82295],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85064,85065],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[44,85067,85069],{"className":46,"code":85068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85070,85071,85079],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85072,85073,85075,85077],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85074,266],{"class":59},[53,85076,64],{"class":63},[53,85078,7204],{"class":67},[53,85080,85081,85083,85085,85087,85089,85091],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85082,132],{"class":131},[53,85084,116],{"class":67},[53,85086,84019],{"class":131},[53,85088,116],{"class":67},[53,85090,291],{"class":112},[53,85092,1377],{"class":67},[20,85094,772],{},[44,85096,85098],{"className":46,"code":85097,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85099,85100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85101,85102,85104,85106,85108,85110,85112,85114],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85103,40058],{"class":550},[53,85105,191],{"class":67},[53,85107,84970],{"class":131},[53,85109,6729],{"class":67},[53,85111,83265],{"class":59},[53,85113,11558],{"class":63},[53,85115,83270],{"class":59},[20,85117,85118,85119,191],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85120,82295],{},[44,85122,85124],{"className":46,"code":85123,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85125,85126,85134],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85127,85128,85130,85132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85129,266],{"class":59},[53,85131,64],{"class":63},[53,85133,7204],{"class":67},[53,85135,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150,85152,85154],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85137,132],{"class":131},[53,85139,116],{"class":67},[53,85141,84019],{"class":131},[53,85143,116],{"class":67},[53,85145,291],{"class":112},[53,85147,81],{"class":67},[53,85149,25878],{"class":8544},[53,85151,64],{"class":63},[53,85153,849],{"class":938},[53,85155,1377],{"class":67},[20,85157,772],{},[44,85159,85160],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85161,85162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85163,85164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85165,931],{"class":938},[20,85167,85168],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85170,85171],{},"Remember:",[193,85173,85174,85182],{},[196,85175,85176,85178,85179,85181],{},[15,85177,82295],{}," works only when ",[15,85180,83594],{}," gets one iterable argument",[196,85183,85184,85185],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85186,85187],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85189,85190,85191,37],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[464,85192,65198],{"href":72237},[39,85194,10111],{"id":10110},[20,85196,56133,85197,37],{},[15,85198,83594],{},[599,85200,85202,85203],{"id":85201},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85204,82295],{},[20,85206,2357,85207,191],{},[15,85208,40058],{},[44,85210,85212],{"className":46,"code":85211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85213,85214,85222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85215,85216,85218,85220],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85217,7144],{"class":59},[53,85219,64],{"class":63},[53,85221,7204],{"class":67},[53,85223,85224,85226,85228,85230,85232,85234],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85225,132],{"class":131},[53,85227,116],{"class":67},[53,85229,84019],{"class":131},[53,85231,116],{"class":67},[53,85233,7175],{"class":112},[53,85235,1377],{"class":67},[20,85237,85238],{},"Fix it by:",[193,85240,85241,85244],{},[196,85242,85243],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[196,85245,85246,85247],{},"or using ",[15,85248,82295],{},[44,85250,85252],{"className":46,"code":85251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85253,85254,85262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85255,85256,85258,85260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85257,7144],{"class":59},[53,85259,64],{"class":63},[53,85261,7204],{"class":67},[53,85263,85264,85266,85268,85270,85272,85274,85276,85278,85280,85282,85285,85287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85265,132],{"class":131},[53,85267,116],{"class":67},[53,85269,84019],{"class":131},[53,85271,116],{"class":67},[53,85273,7175],{"class":112},[53,85275,81],{"class":67},[53,85277,25878],{"class":8544},[53,85279,64],{"class":63},[53,85281,72],{"class":71},[53,85283,85284],{"class":75},"no items",[53,85286,72],{"class":71},[53,85288,1377],{"class":67},[599,85290,85292],{"id":85291},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85294,85295],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[44,85297,85299],{"className":46,"code":85298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85300,85301,85325],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85302,85303,85305,85307,85309,85311,85313,85315,85317,85319,85321,85323],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85304,8534],{"class":59},[53,85306,64],{"class":63},[53,85308,2982],{"class":67},[53,85310,1684],{"class":273},[53,85312,81],{"class":67},[53,85314,84],{"class":71},[53,85316,15114],{"class":75},[53,85318,72],{"class":71},[53,85320,81],{"class":67},[53,85322,3963],{"class":273},[53,85324,2995],{"class":67},[53,85326,85327,85329,85331,85333,85335,85337],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85328,132],{"class":131},[53,85330,116],{"class":67},[53,85332,84019],{"class":131},[53,85334,116],{"class":67},[53,85336,8573],{"class":112},[53,85338,1377],{"class":67},[20,85340,772],{},[44,85342,85344],{"className":46,"code":85343,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError\n",[15,85345,85346],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85347,85348],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85349,85343],{"class":550},[20,85351,85352],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85354,85355,85356,37],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85357,83594],{},[44,85359,85361],{"className":46,"code":85360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85362,85363,85387,85413],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85364,85365,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85366,8534],{"class":59},[53,85368,64],{"class":63},[53,85370,2982],{"class":67},[53,85372,1684],{"class":273},[53,85374,81],{"class":67},[53,85376,84],{"class":71},[53,85378,15114],{"class":75},[53,85380,72],{"class":71},[53,85382,81],{"class":67},[53,85384,3963],{"class":273},[53,85386,2995],{"class":67},[53,85388,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407,85409,85411],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85390,266],{"class":59},[53,85392,64],{"class":63},[53,85394,2982],{"class":67},[53,85396,1539],{"class":550},[53,85398,116],{"class":67},[53,85400,1524],{"class":112},[53,85402,3021],{"class":67},[53,85404,3237],{"class":1105},[53,85406,3240],{"class":59},[53,85408,1067],{"class":1105},[53,85410,13926],{"class":59},[53,85412,2995],{"class":67},[53,85414,85415,85417,85419,85421,85423,85425],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,85416,132],{"class":131},[53,85418,116],{"class":67},[53,85420,84019],{"class":131},[53,85422,116],{"class":67},[53,85424,291],{"class":112},[53,85426,1377],{"class":67},[20,85428,772],{},[44,85430,85431],{"className":46,"code":2302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85432,85433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85434,85435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85436,2302],{"class":273},[20,85438,85439,85440,37],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85441,2360],{},[599,85443,85445],{"id":85444},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85447,85448],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[44,85450,85452],{"className":46,"code":85451,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85453,85454,85486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85455,85456,85458,85460,85462,85464,85466,85468,85470,85472,85474,85476,85478,85480,85482,85484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85457,3431],{"class":59},[53,85459,64],{"class":63},[53,85461,2982],{"class":67},[53,85463,72],{"class":71},[53,85465,78919],{"class":75},[53,85467,72],{"class":71},[53,85469,81],{"class":67},[53,85471,84],{"class":71},[53,85473,57126],{"class":75},[53,85475,72],{"class":71},[53,85477,81],{"class":67},[53,85479,84],{"class":71},[53,85481,78936],{"class":75},[53,85483,72],{"class":71},[53,85485,2995],{"class":67},[53,85487,85488,85490,85492,85494,85496,85498],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85489,132],{"class":131},[53,85491,116],{"class":67},[53,85493,84019],{"class":131},[53,85495,116],{"class":67},[53,85497,3473],{"class":112},[53,85499,1377],{"class":67},[20,85501,772],{},[44,85503,85504],{"className":46,"code":84715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85505,85506],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85507,85508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85509,84715],{"class":59},[20,85511,85512],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[44,85514,85516],{"className":46,"code":85515,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85517,85518,85550],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85519,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85521,3431],{"class":59},[53,85523,64],{"class":63},[53,85525,2982],{"class":67},[53,85527,72],{"class":71},[53,85529,78919],{"class":75},[53,85531,72],{"class":71},[53,85533,81],{"class":67},[53,85535,84],{"class":71},[53,85537,57126],{"class":75},[53,85539,72],{"class":71},[53,85541,81],{"class":67},[53,85543,84],{"class":71},[53,85545,78936],{"class":75},[53,85547,72],{"class":71},[53,85549,2995],{"class":67},[53,85551,85552,85554,85556,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568,85570,85572,85574],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85553,132],{"class":131},[53,85555,116],{"class":67},[53,85557,84019],{"class":131},[53,85559,116],{"class":67},[53,85561,3473],{"class":112},[53,85563,81],{"class":67},[53,85565,20934],{"class":8544},[53,85567,64],{"class":63},[53,85569,2801],{"class":550},[53,85571,37],{"class":67},[53,85573,8008],{"class":24104},[53,85575,1377],{"class":67},[20,85577,772],{},[44,85579,85580],{"className":46,"code":84715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,85581,85582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85583,85584],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85585,84715],{"class":59},[20,85587,85588],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[39,85590,4319,85592],{"id":85591},"when-to-use-min",[15,85593,83594],{},[20,85595,174,85596,9968],{},[15,85597,83594],{},[193,85599,85600,85603,85608],{},[196,85601,85602],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[196,85604,85605,85606],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85607,14201],{},[196,85609,85610],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85612,174,85613,85617],{},[464,85614,85615],{"href":73880},[15,85616,73783],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85619,174,85620,85625],{},[464,85621,85623],{"href":85622},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85624,81940],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[39,85627,2185],{"id":2184},[20,85629,83599],{},[193,85631,85632,85640,85643,85648,85655],{},[196,85633,85634,85635,85637,85638],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85636,83594],{}," without using ",[15,85639,82295],{},[196,85641,85642],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[196,85644,838,85645,85647],{},[15,85646,83594],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[196,85649,4062,85650,85652,85653,84756],{},[15,85651,14201],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85654,83594],{},[196,85656,7785,85657,85659],{},[15,85658,82295],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85661,85662,85663,85665],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85664,83594],{},", these quick checks can help:",[44,85667,85669],{"className":46,"code":85668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85670,85671,85685,85695,85709,85723,85745],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85672,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681,85683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85674,132],{"class":131},[53,85676,116],{"class":67},[53,85678,2578],{"class":550},[53,85680,116],{"class":67},[53,85682,8573],{"class":112},[53,85684,1377],{"class":67},[53,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,85688,132],{"class":131},[53,85690,116],{"class":67},[53,85692,8573],{"class":112},[53,85694,125],{"class":67},[53,85696,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,85698,132],{"class":131},[53,85700,116],{"class":67},[53,85702,10528],{"class":131},[53,85704,116],{"class":67},[53,85706,8573],{"class":112},[53,85708,1377],{"class":67},[53,85710,85711,85713,85715,85717,85719,85721],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,85712,132],{"class":131},[53,85714,116],{"class":67},[53,85716,84019],{"class":131},[53,85718,116],{"class":67},[53,85720,8573],{"class":112},[53,85722,1377],{"class":67},[53,85724,85725,85727,85729,85731,85733,85735,85737,85739,85741,85743],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,85726,132],{"class":131},[53,85728,116],{"class":67},[53,85730,84019],{"class":131},[53,85732,116],{"class":67},[53,85734,8573],{"class":112},[53,85736,81],{"class":67},[53,85738,25878],{"class":8544},[53,85740,64],{"class":63},[53,85742,849],{"class":938},[53,85744,1377],{"class":67},[53,85746,85747,85749,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,85748,132],{"class":131},[53,85750,116],{"class":67},[53,85752,84019],{"class":131},[53,85754,116],{"class":67},[53,85756,3473],{"class":112},[53,85758,81],{"class":67},[53,85760,20934],{"class":8544},[53,85762,64],{"class":63},[53,85764,10528],{"class":131},[53,85766,1377],{"class":67},[20,85768,85769,85770,85773,85774,85776],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,85771,85772],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,85775,8573],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[39,85778,1187],{"id":1186},[599,85780,4501,85782,4504],{"id":85781},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,85783,83594],{},[20,85785,85786],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[599,85788,1234,85790,83775],{"id":85789},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,85791,83594],{},[20,85793,85794],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[599,85796,71005],{"id":71004},[20,85798,85799,477,85801,83787,85803,35974],{},[15,85800,83594],{},[15,85802,40058],{},[15,85804,82295],{},[599,85806,4501,85808,85810,85811,1222],{"id":85807},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,85809,14201],{}," do in ",[15,85812,83594],{},[20,85814,85815,85817,85818,85820],{},[15,85816,14201],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,85819,82848],{}," compares strings by length.",[599,85822,4538,85824,594,85826,1222],{"id":85823},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,85825,83594],{},[15,85827,73783],{},[20,85829,85830,85832,85833,85835],{},[15,85831,83594],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,85834,73783],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[39,85837,1244],{"id":1243},[193,85839,85840,85846,85852,85858,85862,85866],{},[196,85841,85842],{},[464,85843,85844,2867],{"href":85622},[15,85845,81940],{},[196,85847,85848],{},[464,85849,85850,2867],{"href":73880},[15,85851,73783],{},[196,85853,85854],{},[464,85855,85856,2867],{"href":41713},[15,85857,41716],{},[196,85859,85860],{},[464,85861,79232],{"href":77735},[196,85863,85864],{},[464,85865,58314],{"href":58313},[196,85867,85868],{},[464,85869,65198],{"href":72237},[1276,85871,85872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":85874},[85875,85876,85878,85884,85886,85888,85893,85895,85901,85903,85904,85915],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":84078,"depth":104,"text":85877},"What min() does",{"id":84099,"depth":104,"text":84100,"children":85879},[85880,85881,85882,85883],{"id":84184,"depth":128,"text":84187},{"id":84246,"depth":128,"text":84249},{"id":84296,"depth":128,"text":84299},{"id":84390,"depth":128,"text":84393},{"id":84452,"depth":104,"text":85885},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84587,"depth":104,"text":85887},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84734,"depth":104,"text":85889,"children":85890},"Using min() with a key function",[85891,85892],{"id":84762,"depth":128,"text":84763},{"id":84837,"depth":128,"text":84838},{"id":85059,"depth":104,"text":85894},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10110,"depth":104,"text":10111,"children":85896},[85897,85899,85900],{"id":85201,"depth":128,"text":85898},"Empty list without default",{"id":85291,"depth":128,"text":85292},{"id":85444,"depth":128,"text":85445},{"id":85591,"depth":104,"text":85902},"When to use min()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":85905},[85906,85908,85910,85911,85913],{"id":85781,"depth":128,"text":85907},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":85789,"depth":128,"text":85909},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71004,"depth":128,"text":71005},{"id":85807,"depth":128,"text":85912},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":85823,"depth":128,"text":85914},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":83961,"description":85916},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":85923,"title":85924,"body":85925,"description":88104,"extension":1312,"meta":88105,"navigation":383,"path":88106,"seo":88107,"stem":88108,"__hash__":88109},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":85926,"toc":88068},[85927,85930,85936,85942,85944,86025,86034,86038,86043,86045,86090,86092,86172,86178,86180,86183,86215,86217,86235,86237,86310,86312,86331,86335,86338,86374,86376,86443,86517,86590,86595,86599,86605,86608,86625,86628,86630,86691,86693,86713,86719,86723,86726,86796,86799,86818,86823,86899,86902,86906,86912,86916,86921,86991,86995,87000,87074,87078,87081,87156,87167,87171,87176,87266,87271,87339,87342,87361,87372,87376,87379,87384,87387,87449,87452,87463,87468,87471,87474,87479,87482,87485,87489,87492,87498,87501,87512,87514,87576,87591,87597,87600,87603,87614,87625,87631,87634,87636,87698,87708,87714,87719,87725,87729,87735,87738,87759,87761,87766,87793,87796,87823,87826,87865,87868,87906,87909,87970,87973,87975,87979,87982,87986,87992,88000,88008,88012,88015,88019,88025,88027,88065],[10,85928,85924],{"id":85929},"python-open-function-explained",[20,85931,85932,85935],{},[15,85933,85934],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,85937,85938,85939,85941],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,85940,85934],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[39,85943,42],{"id":41},[44,85945,85947],{"className":46,"code":85946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,85948,85949,85998,86014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,85950,85951,85954,85957,85959,85961,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974,85976,85979,85981,85983,85986,85988,85990,85992,85996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,85952,85953],{"class":1105},"with",[53,85955,85956],{"class":131}," open",[53,85958,116],{"class":67},[53,85960,72],{"class":71},[53,85962,85963],{"class":75},"example.txt",[53,85965,72],{"class":71},[53,85967,81],{"class":67},[53,85969,84],{"class":71},[53,85971,59864],{"class":75},[53,85973,72],{"class":71},[53,85975,81],{"class":67},[53,85977,85978],{"class":8544}," encoding",[53,85980,64],{"class":63},[53,85982,72],{"class":71},[53,85984,85985],{"class":75},"utf-8",[53,85987,72],{"class":71},[53,85989,3021],{"class":67},[53,85991,46715],{"class":1105},[53,85993,85995],{"class":85994},"sMMDD"," file",[53,85997,1120],{"class":67},[53,85999,86000,86003,86005,86007,86009,86012],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86001,86002],{"class":59},"    content ",[53,86004,64],{"class":63},[53,86006,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86008,37],{"class":67},[53,86010,86011],{"class":112},"read",[53,86013,8011],{"class":67},[53,86015,86016,86018,86020,86023],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86017,7435],{"class":131},[53,86019,116],{"class":67},[53,86021,86022],{"class":112},"content",[53,86024,125],{"class":67},[20,86026,174,86027,86029,86030,86033],{},[15,86028,85953],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86031,86032],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[39,86035,86037],{"id":86036},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86039,86040,86042],{},[15,86041,85934],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86044,10824],{},[193,86046,86047,86050,86055,86060],{},[196,86048,86049],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[196,86051,40260,86052,86054],{},[30,86053,461],{}," read or write anything by itself",[196,86056,16781,86057],{},[30,86058,86059],{},"file object",[196,86061,86062,86063],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[193,86064,86065,86070,86075,86080,86085],{},[196,86066,86067],{},[15,86068,86069],{},"read()",[196,86071,86072],{},[15,86073,86074],{},"readline()",[196,86076,86077],{},[15,86078,86079],{},"readlines()",[196,86081,86082],{},[15,86083,86084],{},"write()",[196,86086,86087],{},[15,86088,86089],{},"close()",[20,86091,1559],{},[44,86093,86095],{"className":46,"code":86094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86096,86097,86136,86151,86161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86098,86099,86102,86104,86106,86108,86110,86112,86114,86116,86118,86120,86122,86124,86126,86128,86130,86132,86134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86100,86101],{"class":85994},"file",[53,86103,12635],{"class":63},[53,86105,85956],{"class":131},[53,86107,116],{"class":67},[53,86109,72],{"class":71},[53,86111,85963],{"class":75},[53,86113,72],{"class":71},[53,86115,81],{"class":67},[53,86117,84],{"class":71},[53,86119,59864],{"class":75},[53,86121,72],{"class":71},[53,86123,81],{"class":67},[53,86125,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86127,64],{"class":63},[53,86129,72],{"class":71},[53,86131,85985],{"class":75},[53,86133,72],{"class":71},[53,86135,125],{"class":67},[53,86137,86138,86141,86143,86145,86147,86149],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86139,86140],{"class":59},"content ",[53,86142,64],{"class":63},[53,86144,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86146,37],{"class":67},[53,86148,86011],{"class":112},[53,86150,8011],{"class":67},[53,86152,86153,86155,86157,86159],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86154,132],{"class":131},[53,86156,116],{"class":67},[53,86158,86022],{"class":112},[53,86160,125],{"class":67},[53,86162,86163,86165,86167,86170],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,86164,86101],{"class":85994},[53,86166,37],{"class":67},[53,86168,86169],{"class":112},"close",[53,86171,8011],{"class":67},[20,86173,86174,86175,86177],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86176,85953],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[39,86179,217],{"id":216},[20,86181,86182],{},"A common form is:",[44,86184,86186],{"className":46,"code":86185,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86187,86188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86189,86190,86192,86194,86196,86198,86201,86203,86205,86207,86209,86211,86213],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86191,41782],{"class":131},[53,86193,116],{"class":67},[53,86195,86101],{"class":85994},[53,86197,81],{"class":67},[53,86199,86200],{"class":112}," mode",[53,86202,81],{"class":67},[53,86204,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86206,64],{"class":63},[53,86208,72],{"class":71},[53,86210,85985],{"class":75},[53,86212,72],{"class":71},[53,86214,125],{"class":67},[20,86216,64405],{},[193,86218,86219,86224,86229],{},[196,86220,86221,86223],{},[15,86222,86101],{}," is the file name or file path",[196,86225,86226,86228],{},[15,86227,20275],{}," controls how the file is opened",[196,86230,86231,86234],{},[15,86232,86233],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86236,1559],{},[44,86238,86240],{"className":46,"code":86239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86241,86242,86285,86300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86243,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86255,86257,86259,86261,86263,86265,86267,86269,86271,86273,86275,86277,86279,86281,86283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86245,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86247,85956],{"class":131},[53,86249,116],{"class":67},[53,86251,72],{"class":71},[53,86253,86254],{"class":75},"notes.txt",[53,86256,72],{"class":71},[53,86258,81],{"class":67},[53,86260,84],{"class":71},[53,86262,59864],{"class":75},[53,86264,72],{"class":71},[53,86266,81],{"class":67},[53,86268,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86270,64],{"class":63},[53,86272,72],{"class":71},[53,86274,85985],{"class":75},[53,86276,72],{"class":71},[53,86278,3021],{"class":67},[53,86280,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86282,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86284,1120],{"class":67},[53,86286,86287,86290,86292,86294,86296,86298],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86288,86289],{"class":59},"    text ",[53,86291,64],{"class":63},[53,86293,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86295,37],{"class":67},[53,86297,86011],{"class":112},[53,86299,8011],{"class":67},[53,86301,86302,86304,86306,86308],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86303,7435],{"class":131},[53,86305,116],{"class":67},[53,86307,34063],{"class":112},[53,86309,125],{"class":67},[20,86311,19313],{},[193,86313,86314,86320,86325],{},[196,86315,86316,86319],{},[15,86317,86318],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[196,86321,86322,86324],{},[15,86323,86032],{}," means open for reading",[196,86326,86327,86330],{},[15,86328,86329],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[39,86332,86334],{"id":86333},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86336,86337],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[193,86339,86340,86345,86351,86356,86362,86368],{},[196,86341,86342,86344],{},[15,86343,86032],{}," = read a text file",[196,86346,86347,86350],{},[15,86348,86349],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[196,86352,86353,86355],{},[15,86354,17454],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[196,86357,86358,86361],{},[15,86359,86360],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[196,86363,86364,86367],{},[15,86365,86366],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[196,86369,86370,86373],{},[15,86371,86372],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86375,1476],{},[44,86377,86379],{"className":46,"code":86378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86380,86381,86386,86429],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86382,86383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86384,86385],{"class":3024},"# Read a text file\n",[53,86387,86388,86390,86392,86394,86396,86399,86401,86403,86405,86407,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419,86421,86423,86425,86427],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86389,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86391,85956],{"class":131},[53,86393,116],{"class":67},[53,86395,72],{"class":71},[53,86397,86398],{"class":75},"data.txt",[53,86400,72],{"class":71},[53,86402,81],{"class":67},[53,86404,84],{"class":71},[53,86406,59864],{"class":75},[53,86408,72],{"class":71},[53,86410,81],{"class":67},[53,86412,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86414,64],{"class":63},[53,86416,72],{"class":71},[53,86418,85985],{"class":75},[53,86420,72],{"class":71},[53,86422,3021],{"class":67},[53,86424,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86426,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86428,1120],{"class":67},[53,86430,86431,86433,86435,86437,86439,86441],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86432,7435],{"class":131},[53,86434,116],{"class":67},[53,86436,86101],{"class":85994},[53,86438,37],{"class":67},[53,86440,86011],{"class":112},[53,86442,6557],{"class":67},[44,86444,86446],{"className":46,"code":86445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86447,86448,86453,86495],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86449,86450],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86451,86452],{"class":3024},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[53,86454,86455,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86485,86487,86489,86491,86493],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86456,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86458,85956],{"class":131},[53,86460,116],{"class":67},[53,86462,72],{"class":71},[53,86464,86398],{"class":75},[53,86466,72],{"class":71},[53,86468,81],{"class":67},[53,86470,84],{"class":71},[53,86472,59847],{"class":75},[53,86474,72],{"class":71},[53,86476,81],{"class":67},[53,86478,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86480,64],{"class":63},[53,86482,72],{"class":71},[53,86484,85985],{"class":75},[53,86486,72],{"class":71},[53,86488,3021],{"class":67},[53,86490,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86492,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86494,1120],{"class":67},[53,86496,86497,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86513,86515],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86498,86499],{"class":85994},"    file",[53,86501,37],{"class":67},[53,86503,69554],{"class":112},[53,86505,116],{"class":67},[53,86507,72],{"class":71},[53,86509,34221],{"class":75},[53,86511,86512],{"class":33807},"\\n",[53,86514,72],{"class":71},[53,86516,125],{"class":67},[44,86518,86520],{"className":46,"code":86519,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86521,86522,86527,86569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86523,86524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86525,86526],{"class":3024},"# Append to a text file\n",[53,86528,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539,86541,86543,86545,86547,86549,86551,86553,86555,86557,86559,86561,86563,86565,86567],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86530,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86532,85956],{"class":131},[53,86534,116],{"class":67},[53,86536,72],{"class":71},[53,86538,86398],{"class":75},[53,86540,72],{"class":71},[53,86542,81],{"class":67},[53,86544,84],{"class":71},[53,86546,464],{"class":75},[53,86548,72],{"class":71},[53,86550,81],{"class":67},[53,86552,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86554,64],{"class":63},[53,86556,72],{"class":71},[53,86558,85985],{"class":75},[53,86560,72],{"class":71},[53,86562,3021],{"class":67},[53,86564,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86566,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86568,1120],{"class":67},[53,86570,86571,86573,86575,86577,86579,86581,86584,86586,86588],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86572,86499],{"class":85994},[53,86574,37],{"class":67},[53,86576,69554],{"class":112},[53,86578,116],{"class":67},[53,86580,72],{"class":71},[53,86582,86583],{"class":75},"Another line",[53,86585,86512],{"class":33807},[53,86587,72],{"class":71},[53,86589,125],{"class":67},[20,86591,68706,86592,86594],{},[15,86593,86349],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[39,86596,86598],{"id":86597},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86600,86601,21330,86603,37],{},[15,86602,85934],{},[30,86604,86059],{},[20,86606,86607],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[193,86609,86610,86615,86620],{},[196,86611,86612],{},[15,86613,86614],{},"file.read()",[196,86616,86617],{},[15,86618,86619],{},"file.write()",[196,86621,86622],{},[15,86623,86624],{},"file.close()",[20,86626,86627],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86629,1559],{},[44,86631,86633],{"className":46,"code":86632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86634,86635,86677],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86636,86637,86639,86641,86643,86645,86647,86649,86651,86653,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86638,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86640,85956],{"class":131},[53,86642,116],{"class":67},[53,86644,72],{"class":71},[53,86646,85963],{"class":75},[53,86648,72],{"class":71},[53,86650,81],{"class":67},[53,86652,84],{"class":71},[53,86654,59864],{"class":75},[53,86656,72],{"class":71},[53,86658,81],{"class":67},[53,86660,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86662,64],{"class":63},[53,86664,72],{"class":71},[53,86666,85985],{"class":75},[53,86668,72],{"class":71},[53,86670,3021],{"class":67},[53,86672,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86674,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86676,1120],{"class":67},[53,86678,86679,86681,86683,86685,86687,86689],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86680,7435],{"class":131},[53,86682,116],{"class":67},[53,86684,2578],{"class":550},[53,86686,116],{"class":67},[53,86688,86101],{"class":85994},[53,86690,1377],{"class":67},[20,86692,143],{},[44,86694,86696],{"className":46,"code":86695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86697,86698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86699,86700,86702,86704,86706,86709,86711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86701,2647],{"class":63},[53,86703,2650],{"class":1415},[53,86705,165],{"class":71},[53,86707,86708],{"class":75},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[53,86710,156],{"class":71},[53,86712,2659],{"class":63},[20,86714,86715,86716,86718],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86717,85934],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[39,86720,86722],{"id":86721},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86724,86725],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[44,86727,86728],{"className":46,"code":85946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,86729,86730,86772,86786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86731,86732,86734,86736,86738,86740,86742,86744,86746,86748,86750,86752,86754,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86733,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86735,85956],{"class":131},[53,86737,116],{"class":67},[53,86739,72],{"class":71},[53,86741,85963],{"class":75},[53,86743,72],{"class":71},[53,86745,81],{"class":67},[53,86747,84],{"class":71},[53,86749,59864],{"class":75},[53,86751,72],{"class":71},[53,86753,81],{"class":67},[53,86755,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86757,64],{"class":63},[53,86759,72],{"class":71},[53,86761,85985],{"class":75},[53,86763,72],{"class":71},[53,86765,3021],{"class":67},[53,86767,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86769,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86771,1120],{"class":67},[53,86773,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86775,86002],{"class":59},[53,86777,64],{"class":63},[53,86779,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86781,37],{"class":67},[53,86783,86011],{"class":112},[53,86785,8011],{"class":67},[53,86787,86788,86790,86792,86794],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86789,7435],{"class":131},[53,86791,116],{"class":67},[53,86793,86022],{"class":112},[53,86795,125],{"class":67},[20,86797,86798],{},"Why this is recommended:",[193,86800,86801,86806,86812,86815],{},[196,86802,86803,86805],{},[15,86804,85953],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[196,86807,86808,86809,86811],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,86810,86089],{}," yourself",[196,86813,86814],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[196,86816,86817],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,86819,83111,86820,86822],{},[15,86821,85953],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[44,86824,86825],{"className":46,"code":86094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,86826,86827,86865,86879,86889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86828,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86839,86841,86843,86845,86847,86849,86851,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861,86863],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86830,86101],{"class":85994},[53,86832,12635],{"class":63},[53,86834,85956],{"class":131},[53,86836,116],{"class":67},[53,86838,72],{"class":71},[53,86840,85963],{"class":75},[53,86842,72],{"class":71},[53,86844,81],{"class":67},[53,86846,84],{"class":71},[53,86848,59864],{"class":75},[53,86850,72],{"class":71},[53,86852,81],{"class":67},[53,86854,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86856,64],{"class":63},[53,86858,72],{"class":71},[53,86860,85985],{"class":75},[53,86862,72],{"class":71},[53,86864,125],{"class":67},[53,86866,86867,86869,86871,86873,86875,86877],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86868,86140],{"class":59},[53,86870,64],{"class":63},[53,86872,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86874,37],{"class":67},[53,86876,86011],{"class":112},[53,86878,8011],{"class":67},[53,86880,86881,86883,86885,86887],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86882,132],{"class":131},[53,86884,116],{"class":67},[53,86886,86022],{"class":112},[53,86888,125],{"class":67},[53,86890,86891,86893,86895,86897],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,86892,86101],{"class":85994},[53,86894,37],{"class":67},[53,86896,86169],{"class":112},[53,86898,8011],{"class":67},[20,86900,86901],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[39,86903,86905],{"id":86904},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,86907,86908,86909,86911],{},"Use mode ",[15,86910,86032],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[599,86913,86915],{"id":86914},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,86917,86918,86920],{},[15,86919,86069],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[44,86922,86923],{"className":46,"code":85946,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,86924,86925,86967,86981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,86926,86927,86929,86931,86933,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945,86947,86949,86951,86953,86955,86957,86959,86961,86963,86965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,86928,85953],{"class":1105},[53,86930,85956],{"class":131},[53,86932,116],{"class":67},[53,86934,72],{"class":71},[53,86936,85963],{"class":75},[53,86938,72],{"class":71},[53,86940,81],{"class":67},[53,86942,84],{"class":71},[53,86944,59864],{"class":75},[53,86946,72],{"class":71},[53,86948,81],{"class":67},[53,86950,85978],{"class":8544},[53,86952,64],{"class":63},[53,86954,72],{"class":71},[53,86956,85985],{"class":75},[53,86958,72],{"class":71},[53,86960,3021],{"class":67},[53,86962,46715],{"class":1105},[53,86964,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86966,1120],{"class":67},[53,86968,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,86970,86002],{"class":59},[53,86972,64],{"class":63},[53,86974,85995],{"class":85994},[53,86976,37],{"class":67},[53,86978,86011],{"class":112},[53,86980,8011],{"class":67},[53,86982,86983,86985,86987,86989],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,86984,7435],{"class":131},[53,86986,116],{"class":67},[53,86988,86022],{"class":112},[53,86990,125],{"class":67},[599,86992,86994],{"id":86993},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,86996,86997,86999],{},[15,86998,86074],{}," reads one line at a time.",[44,87001,87003],{"className":46,"code":87002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87004,87005,87047,87063],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87006,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015,87017,87019,87021,87023,87025,87027,87029,87031,87033,87035,87037,87039,87041,87043,87045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87008,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87010,85956],{"class":131},[53,87012,116],{"class":67},[53,87014,72],{"class":71},[53,87016,85963],{"class":75},[53,87018,72],{"class":71},[53,87020,81],{"class":67},[53,87022,84],{"class":71},[53,87024,59864],{"class":75},[53,87026,72],{"class":71},[53,87028,81],{"class":67},[53,87030,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87032,64],{"class":63},[53,87034,72],{"class":71},[53,87036,85985],{"class":75},[53,87038,72],{"class":71},[53,87040,3021],{"class":67},[53,87042,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87044,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87046,1120],{"class":67},[53,87048,87049,87052,87054,87056,87058,87061],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87050,87051],{"class":59},"    first_line ",[53,87053,64],{"class":63},[53,87055,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87057,37],{"class":67},[53,87059,87060],{"class":112},"readline",[53,87062,8011],{"class":67},[53,87064,87065,87067,87069,87072],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,87066,7435],{"class":131},[53,87068,116],{"class":67},[53,87070,87071],{"class":112},"first_line",[53,87073,125],{"class":67},[599,87075,87077],{"id":87076},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87079,87080],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[44,87082,87084],{"className":46,"code":87083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87085,87086,87128,87142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87087,87088,87090,87092,87094,87096,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87110,87112,87114,87116,87118,87120,87122,87124,87126],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87089,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87091,85956],{"class":131},[53,87093,116],{"class":67},[53,87095,72],{"class":71},[53,87097,85963],{"class":75},[53,87099,72],{"class":71},[53,87101,81],{"class":67},[53,87103,84],{"class":71},[53,87105,59864],{"class":75},[53,87107,72],{"class":71},[53,87109,81],{"class":67},[53,87111,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87113,64],{"class":63},[53,87115,72],{"class":71},[53,87117,85985],{"class":75},[53,87119,72],{"class":71},[53,87121,3021],{"class":67},[53,87123,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87125,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87127,1120],{"class":67},[53,87129,87130,87133,87136,87138,87140],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87131,87132],{"class":1105},"    for",[53,87134,87135],{"class":59}," line ",[53,87137,1067],{"class":1105},[53,87139,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87141,1120],{"class":67},[53,87143,87144,87146,87148,87150,87152,87154],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,87145,46695],{"class":131},[53,87147,116],{"class":67},[53,87149,55],{"class":112},[53,87151,37],{"class":67},[53,87153,8002],{"class":112},[53,87155,6557],{"class":67},[20,87157,87158,87159,1219,87163,37],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[464,87160,87162],{"href":87161},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[464,87164,87166],{"href":87165},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[39,87168,87170],{"id":87169},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87172,174,87173,87175],{},[15,87174,86349],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[44,87177,87179],{"className":46,"code":87178,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87180,87181,87224,87245],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87182,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87194,87196,87198,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87184,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87186,85956],{"class":131},[53,87188,116],{"class":67},[53,87190,72],{"class":71},[53,87192,87193],{"class":75},"output.txt",[53,87195,72],{"class":71},[53,87197,81],{"class":67},[53,87199,84],{"class":71},[53,87201,59847],{"class":75},[53,87203,72],{"class":71},[53,87205,81],{"class":67},[53,87207,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87209,64],{"class":63},[53,87211,72],{"class":71},[53,87213,85985],{"class":75},[53,87215,72],{"class":71},[53,87217,3021],{"class":67},[53,87219,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87221,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87223,1120],{"class":67},[53,87225,87226,87228,87230,87232,87234,87236,87239,87241,87243],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87227,86499],{"class":85994},[53,87229,37],{"class":67},[53,87231,69554],{"class":112},[53,87233,116],{"class":67},[53,87235,72],{"class":71},[53,87237,87238],{"class":75},"First line",[53,87240,86512],{"class":33807},[53,87242,72],{"class":71},[53,87244,125],{"class":67},[53,87246,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87260,87262,87264],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,87248,86499],{"class":85994},[53,87250,37],{"class":67},[53,87252,69554],{"class":112},[53,87254,116],{"class":67},[53,87256,72],{"class":71},[53,87258,87259],{"class":75},"Second line",[53,87261,86512],{"class":33807},[53,87263,72],{"class":71},[53,87265,125],{"class":67},[20,87267,174,87268,87270],{},[15,87269,17454],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[44,87272,87274],{"className":46,"code":87273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87275,87276,87318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87277,87278,87280,87282,87284,87286,87288,87290,87292,87294,87296,87298,87300,87302,87304,87306,87308,87310,87312,87314,87316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87279,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87281,85956],{"class":131},[53,87283,116],{"class":67},[53,87285,72],{"class":71},[53,87287,87193],{"class":75},[53,87289,72],{"class":71},[53,87291,81],{"class":67},[53,87293,84],{"class":71},[53,87295,464],{"class":75},[53,87297,72],{"class":71},[53,87299,81],{"class":67},[53,87301,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87303,64],{"class":63},[53,87305,72],{"class":71},[53,87307,85985],{"class":75},[53,87309,72],{"class":71},[53,87311,3021],{"class":67},[53,87313,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87315,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87317,1120],{"class":67},[53,87319,87320,87322,87324,87326,87328,87330,87333,87335,87337],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87321,86499],{"class":85994},[53,87323,37],{"class":67},[53,87325,69554],{"class":112},[53,87327,116],{"class":67},[53,87329,72],{"class":71},[53,87331,87332],{"class":75},"Third line",[53,87334,86512],{"class":33807},[53,87336,72],{"class":71},[53,87338,125],{"class":67},[20,87340,87341],{},"Important detail:",[193,87343,87344,87349,87356],{},[196,87345,87346,87348],{},[15,87347,86084],{}," writes a string",[196,87350,87351,13413,87353,87355],{},[15,87352,86084],{},[30,87354,461],{}," add a newline for you",[196,87357,87358,87359,86811],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87360,86512],{},[20,87362,87363,87364,1219,87368,37],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[464,87365,87367],{"href":87366},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[464,87369,87371],{"href":87370},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[39,87373,87375],{"id":87374},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87377,87378],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[599,87380,87382],{"id":87381},"encodingutf-8",[15,87383,86329],{},[20,87385,87386],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[44,87388,87390],{"className":46,"code":87389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87391,87392,87435],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87393,87394,87396,87398,87400,87402,87405,87407,87409,87411,87413,87415,87417,87419,87421,87423,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87395,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87397,85956],{"class":131},[53,87399,116],{"class":67},[53,87401,72],{"class":71},[53,87403,87404],{"class":75},"message.txt",[53,87406,72],{"class":71},[53,87408,81],{"class":67},[53,87410,84],{"class":71},[53,87412,59864],{"class":75},[53,87414,72],{"class":71},[53,87416,81],{"class":67},[53,87418,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87420,64],{"class":63},[53,87422,72],{"class":71},[53,87424,85985],{"class":75},[53,87426,72],{"class":71},[53,87428,3021],{"class":67},[53,87430,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87432,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87434,1120],{"class":67},[53,87436,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87438,7435],{"class":131},[53,87440,116],{"class":67},[53,87442,86101],{"class":85994},[53,87444,37],{"class":67},[53,87446,86011],{"class":112},[53,87448,6557],{"class":67},[20,87450,87451],{},"Why it matters:",[193,87453,87454,87457,87460],{},[196,87455,87456],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[196,87458,87459],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[196,87461,87462],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[599,87464,87466],{"id":87465},"newline",[15,87467,87465],{},[20,87469,87470],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87472,87473],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[599,87475,87477],{"id":87476},"buffering",[15,87478,87476],{},[20,87480,87481],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87483,87484],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[39,87486,87488],{"id":87487},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87490,87491],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[599,87493,87495],{"id":87494},"filenotfounderror",[15,87496,87497],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87499,87500],{},"This happens when:",[193,87502,87503,87506,87509],{},[196,87504,87505],{},"the file does not exist",[196,87507,87508],{},"the path is wrong",[196,87510,87511],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87513,1559],{},[44,87515,87517],{"className":46,"code":87516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87518,87519,87562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87520,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87532,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87522,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87524,85956],{"class":131},[53,87526,116],{"class":67},[53,87528,72],{"class":71},[53,87530,87531],{"class":75},"missing.txt",[53,87533,72],{"class":71},[53,87535,81],{"class":67},[53,87537,84],{"class":71},[53,87539,59864],{"class":75},[53,87541,72],{"class":71},[53,87543,81],{"class":67},[53,87545,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87547,64],{"class":63},[53,87549,72],{"class":71},[53,87551,85985],{"class":75},[53,87553,72],{"class":71},[53,87555,3021],{"class":67},[53,87557,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87559,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87561,1120],{"class":67},[53,87563,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572,87574],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87565,7435],{"class":131},[53,87567,116],{"class":67},[53,87569,86101],{"class":85994},[53,87571,37],{"class":67},[53,87573,86011],{"class":112},[53,87575,6557],{"class":67},[20,87577,87578,87579,594,87587,37],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[464,87580,87582,87583,87586],{"href":87581},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[53,87584,87585],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[464,87588,87590],{"href":87589},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[599,87592,87594],{"id":87593},"permissionerror",[15,87595,87596],{},"PermissionError",[20,87598,87599],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87601,87602],{},"Example causes:",[193,87604,87605,87608,87611],{},[196,87606,87607],{},"the file is protected",[196,87609,87610],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[196,87612,87613],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87615,87616,87617],{},"Related page: ",[464,87618,87620,87621,87624],{"href":87619},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[53,87622,87623],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[599,87626,87628],{"id":87627},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87629,87630],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87632,87633],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87635,1559],{},[44,87637,87639],{"className":46,"code":87638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87640,87641,87684],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87642,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664,87666,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678,87680,87682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87644,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87646,85956],{"class":131},[53,87648,116],{"class":67},[53,87650,72],{"class":71},[53,87652,87653],{"class":75},"my_folder",[53,87655,72],{"class":71},[53,87657,81],{"class":67},[53,87659,84],{"class":71},[53,87661,59864],{"class":75},[53,87663,72],{"class":71},[53,87665,81],{"class":67},[53,87667,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87669,64],{"class":63},[53,87671,72],{"class":71},[53,87673,85985],{"class":75},[53,87675,72],{"class":71},[53,87677,3021],{"class":67},[53,87679,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87681,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87683,1120],{"class":67},[53,87685,87686,87688,87690,87692,87694,87696],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87687,7435],{"class":131},[53,87689,116],{"class":67},[53,87691,86101],{"class":85994},[53,87693,37],{"class":67},[53,87695,86011],{"class":112},[53,87697,6557],{"class":67},[20,87699,87616,87700],{},[464,87701,87703,87704,87707],{"href":87702},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[53,87705,87706],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[599,87709,87711],{"id":87710},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87712,87713],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87715,87716,87717,37],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87718,85934],{},[20,87720,87616,87721],{},[464,87722,87724],{"href":87723},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[39,87726,87728],{"id":87727},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87730,87731,87732,87734],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87733,85934],{}," function.",[20,87736,87737],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[193,87739,87740,87743,87746,87752],{},[196,87741,87742],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[196,87744,87745],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[196,87747,87748,87749,87751],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87750,85934],{}," itself",[196,87753,87754,87755],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[464,87756,87758],{"href":87757},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[39,87760,2185],{"id":2184},[20,87762,87763,87764,191],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87765,85934],{},[193,87767,87768,87773,87779,87784,87787,87790],{},[196,87769,7785,87770,87772],{},[15,87771,86032],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[196,87774,87775,87776,87778],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,87777,86233],{}," for text files",[196,87780,7785,87781,87783],{},[15,87782,86349],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[196,87785,87786],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[196,87788,87789],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[196,87791,87792],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,87794,87795],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[44,87797,87799],{"className":46,"code":87798,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,87800,87801,87808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87802,87803,87805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87804,34445],{"class":1105},[53,87806,87807],{"class":59}," os\n",[53,87809,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87821],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87811,132],{"class":131},[53,87813,116],{"class":67},[53,87815,41981],{"class":112},[53,87817,37],{"class":67},[53,87819,87820],{"class":112},"getcwd",[53,87822,6557],{"class":67},[20,87824,87825],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[44,87827,87829],{"className":46,"code":87828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87830,87831,87837],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87832,87833,87835],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87834,34445],{"class":1105},[53,87836,87807],{"class":59},[53,87838,87839,87841,87843,87845,87847,87850,87852,87855,87857,87859,87861,87863],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87840,132],{"class":131},[53,87842,116],{"class":67},[53,87844,41981],{"class":112},[53,87846,37],{"class":67},[53,87848,87849],{"class":24104},"path",[53,87851,37],{"class":67},[53,87853,87854],{"class":112},"exists",[53,87856,116],{"class":67},[53,87858,72],{"class":71},[53,87860,85963],{"class":75},[53,87862,72],{"class":71},[53,87864,1377],{"class":67},[20,87866,87867],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[44,87869,87871],{"className":46,"code":87870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,87872,87873,87879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87874,87875,87877],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87876,34445],{"class":1105},[53,87878,87807],{"class":59},[53,87880,87881,87883,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87896,87898,87900,87902,87904],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87882,132],{"class":131},[53,87884,116],{"class":67},[53,87886,41981],{"class":112},[53,87888,37],{"class":67},[53,87890,87849],{"class":24104},[53,87892,37],{"class":67},[53,87894,87895],{"class":112},"isfile",[53,87897,116],{"class":67},[53,87899,72],{"class":71},[53,87901,85963],{"class":75},[53,87903,72],{"class":71},[53,87905,1377],{"class":67},[20,87907,87908],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[44,87910,87912],{"className":46,"code":87911,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87913,87914,87956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,87915,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952,87954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,87917,85953],{"class":1105},[53,87919,85956],{"class":131},[53,87921,116],{"class":67},[53,87923,72],{"class":71},[53,87925,85963],{"class":75},[53,87927,72],{"class":71},[53,87929,81],{"class":67},[53,87931,84],{"class":71},[53,87933,59864],{"class":75},[53,87935,72],{"class":71},[53,87937,81],{"class":67},[53,87939,85978],{"class":8544},[53,87941,64],{"class":63},[53,87943,72],{"class":71},[53,87945,85985],{"class":75},[53,87947,72],{"class":71},[53,87949,3021],{"class":67},[53,87951,46715],{"class":1105},[53,87953,85995],{"class":85994},[53,87955,1120],{"class":67},[53,87957,87958,87960,87962,87964,87966,87968],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,87959,7435],{"class":131},[53,87961,116],{"class":67},[53,87963,86101],{"class":85994},[53,87965,37],{"class":67},[53,87967,86011],{"class":112},[53,87969,6557],{"class":67},[20,87971,87972],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[39,87974,1187],{"id":1186},[599,87976,87978],{"id":87977},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,87980,87981],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[599,87983,87985],{"id":87984},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,87987,87988,87989,87991],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,87990,85953],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[599,87993,4538,87995,594,87997,87999],{"id":87994},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,87996,86349],{},[15,87998,17454],{}," mode?",[20,88001,88002,88004,88005,88007],{},[15,88003,86349],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88006,17454],{}," adds new content to the end.",[599,88009,88011],{"id":88010},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88013,88014],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[599,88016,88018],{"id":88017},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88020,88021,88022,88024],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88023,86329],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[39,88026,1244],{"id":1243},[193,88028,88029,88033,88037,88041,88045,88049,88053,88059],{},[196,88030,88031],{},[464,88032,87162],{"href":87161},[196,88034,88035],{},[464,88036,87367],{"href":87366},[196,88038,88039],{},[464,88040,87371],{"href":87370},[196,88042,88043],{},[464,88044,87166],{"href":87165},[196,88046,88047],{},[464,88048,87758],{"href":87757},[196,88050,88051],{},[464,88052,87590],{"href":87589},[196,88054,88055],{},[464,88056,87582,88057,87586],{"href":87581},[53,88058,87585],{},[196,88060,88061],{},[464,88062,87620,88063,87624],{"href":87619},[53,88064,87623],{},[1276,88066,88067],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":88069},[88070,88071,88072,88073,88074,88075,88076,88081,88082,88087,88093,88094,88095,88103],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":86036,"depth":104,"text":86037},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":86333,"depth":104,"text":86334},{"id":86597,"depth":104,"text":86598},{"id":86721,"depth":104,"text":86722},{"id":86904,"depth":104,"text":86905,"children":88077},[88078,88079,88080],{"id":86914,"depth":128,"text":86915},{"id":86993,"depth":128,"text":86994},{"id":87076,"depth":128,"text":87077},{"id":87169,"depth":104,"text":87170},{"id":87374,"depth":104,"text":87375,"children":88083},[88084,88085,88086],{"id":87381,"depth":128,"text":86329},{"id":87465,"depth":128,"text":87465},{"id":87476,"depth":128,"text":87476},{"id":87487,"depth":104,"text":87488,"children":88088},[88089,88090,88091,88092],{"id":87494,"depth":128,"text":87497},{"id":87593,"depth":128,"text":87596},{"id":87627,"depth":128,"text":87630},{"id":87710,"depth":128,"text":87713},{"id":87727,"depth":104,"text":87728},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":88096},[88097,88098,88099,88101,88102],{"id":87977,"depth":128,"text":87978},{"id":87984,"depth":128,"text":87985},{"id":87994,"depth":128,"text":88100},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88010,"depth":128,"text":88011},{"id":88017,"depth":128,"text":88018},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":85924,"description":88104},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88111,"title":88112,"body":88113,"description":90108,"extension":1312,"meta":90109,"navigation":383,"path":90110,"seo":90111,"stem":90112,"__hash__":90113},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88114,"toc":90055},[88115,88120,88125,88131,88133,88201,88203,88222,88227,88232,88237,88240,88252,88254,88297,88299,88317,88328,88330,88332,88357,88359,88370,88372,88432,88434,88460,88463,88467,88472,88476,88479,88513,88517,88520,88545,88549,88572,88576,88609,88614,88618,88623,88626,88694,88696,88720,88725,88728,88759,88761,88793,88810,88814,88819,88843,88850,88855,88860,88863,88867,88902,88904,88913,88917,89008,89010,89041,89046,89053,89058,89067,89070,89104,89106,89120,89124,89165,89167,89176,89180,89228,89230,89244,89249,89260,89267,89273,89275,89310,89312,89326,89329,89351,89357,89386,89397,89403,89409,89423,89425,89504,89506,89556,89563,89565,89570,89574,89577,89592,89597,89599,89618,89624,89627,89642,89644,89662,89668,89673,89703,89706,89729,89732,89759,89766,89772,89780,89803,89808,89816,89818,89838,89842,89848,89898,89901,89923,89925,89931,89939,89945,89951,89959,89964,89968,89971,89994,89999,90006,90018,90020,90052],[10,88116,2934,88118,2938],{"id":88117},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88119,45809],{},[20,88121,31671,88122,88124],{},[15,88123,45809],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88126,88127,88128,88130],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88129,45809],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[39,88132,42],{"id":41},[44,88134,88136],{"className":46,"code":88135,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88137,88138,88150,88159,88163,88173,88183],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88139,88140,88142,88144,88146,88148],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88141,7242],{"class":59},[53,88143,64],{"class":63},[53,88145,84],{"class":71},[53,88147,7287],{"class":75},[53,88149,2715],{"class":71},[53,88151,88152,88154,88156],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88153,20983],{"class":59},[53,88155,64],{"class":63},[53,88157,88158],{"class":273}," 12\n",[53,88160,88161],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88162,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,88164,88165,88167,88169,88171],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,88166,132],{"class":131},[53,88168,116],{"class":67},[53,88170,7032],{"class":112},[53,88172,125],{"class":67},[53,88174,88175,88177,88179,88181],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,88176,132],{"class":131},[53,88178,116],{"class":67},[53,88180,8667],{"class":112},[53,88182,125],{"class":67},[53,88184,88185,88187,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,88186,132],{"class":131},[53,88188,116],{"class":67},[53,88190,72],{"class":71},[53,88192,34221],{"class":75},[53,88194,72],{"class":71},[53,88196,81],{"class":67},[53,88198,35347],{"class":112},[53,88200,125],{"class":67},[20,88202,772],{},[44,88204,88206],{"className":46,"code":88205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88207,88208,88213,88217],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88209,88210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88211,88212],{"class":59},"Mia\n",[53,88214,88215],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88216,1577],{"class":273},[53,88218,88219],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88220,88221],{"class":59},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88223,174,88224,88226],{},[15,88225,45809],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[39,88228,183,88230,186],{"id":88229},"what-print-does",[15,88231,45809],{},[20,88233,88234,88236],{},[15,88235,45809],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88238,88239],{},"You can use it to display:",[193,88241,88242,88244,88246,88249],{},[196,88243,34063],{},[196,88245,291],{},[196,88247,88248],{},"variables",[196,88250,88251],{},"expressions",[20,88253,1559],{},[44,88255,88257],{"className":46,"code":88256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88258,88259,88273,88283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88260,88261,88263,88265,88267,88269,88271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88262,132],{"class":131},[53,88264,116],{"class":67},[53,88266,72],{"class":71},[53,88268,34221],{"class":75},[53,88270,72],{"class":71},[53,88272,125],{"class":67},[53,88274,88275,88277,88279,88281],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88276,132],{"class":131},[53,88278,116],{"class":67},[53,88280,1487],{"class":273},[53,88282,125],{"class":67},[53,88284,88285,88287,88289,88291,88293,88295],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88286,132],{"class":131},[53,88288,116],{"class":67},[53,88290,300],{"class":273},[53,88292,1808],{"class":63},[53,88294,284],{"class":273},[53,88296,125],{"class":67},[20,88298,772],{},[44,88300,88302],{"className":46,"code":88301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88303,88304,88309,88313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88305,88306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88307,88308],{"class":59},"Hello\n",[53,88310,88311],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88312,2302],{"class":273},[53,88314,88315],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88316,2302],{"class":273},[20,88318,88319,88320,88322,88323,88327],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88321,45809],{}," ",[30,88324,3052,88325],{},[15,88326,849],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[39,88329,217],{"id":216},[20,88331,30078],{},[44,88333,88335],{"className":46,"code":88334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88336,88337],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88338,88339,88341,88343,88346,88348,88351,88353,88355],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88340,132],{"class":131},[53,88342,116],{"class":67},[53,88344,88345],{"class":112},"object1",[53,88347,81],{"class":67},[53,88349,88350],{"class":112}," object2",[53,88352,81],{"class":67},[53,88354,33808],{"class":131},[53,88356,125],{"class":67},[20,88358,79562],{},[193,88360,88361,88364,88367],{},[196,88362,88363],{},"one value",[196,88365,88366],{},"many values",[196,88368,88369],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88371,1559],{},[44,88373,88375],{"className":46,"code":88374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88376,88377,88391,88410],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88378,88379,88381,88383,88385,88387,88389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88380,132],{"class":131},[53,88382,116],{"class":67},[53,88384,72],{"class":71},[53,88386,57126],{"class":75},[53,88388,72],{"class":71},[53,88390,125],{"class":67},[53,88392,88393,88395,88397,88399,88402,88404,88406,88408],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88394,132],{"class":131},[53,88396,116],{"class":67},[53,88398,72],{"class":71},[53,88400,88401],{"class":75},"Score:",[53,88403,72],{"class":71},[53,88405,81],{"class":67},[53,88407,5366],{"class":273},[53,88409,125],{"class":67},[53,88411,88412,88414,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88413,132],{"class":131},[53,88415,116],{"class":67},[53,88417,72],{"class":71},[53,88419,44920],{"class":75},[53,88421,72],{"class":71},[53,88423,81],{"class":67},[53,88425,1811],{"class":273},[53,88427,1808],{"class":63},[53,88429,36996],{"class":273},[53,88431,125],{"class":67},[20,88433,772],{},[44,88435,88437],{"className":46,"code":88436,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88438,88439,88443,88452],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88440,88441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88442,84715],{"class":59},[53,88444,88445,88448,88450],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88446,88447],{"class":59},"Score",[53,88449,191],{"class":67},[53,88451,1941],{"class":273},[53,88453,88454,88456,88458],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88455,44960],{"class":59},[53,88457,191],{"class":67},[53,88459,1941],{"class":273},[20,88461,88462],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[39,88464,88466],{"id":88465},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88468,88469,88470,37],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88471,45809],{},[599,88473,88475],{"id":88474},"print-text","Print text",[20,88477,88478],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[44,88480,88482],{"className":46,"code":88481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88483,88484,88498],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88485,88486,88488,88490,88492,88494,88496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88487,132],{"class":131},[53,88489,116],{"class":67},[53,88491,72],{"class":71},[53,88493,34221],{"class":75},[53,88495,72],{"class":71},[53,88497,125],{"class":67},[53,88499,88500,88502,88504,88506,88509,88511],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88501,132],{"class":131},[53,88503,116],{"class":67},[53,88505,72],{"class":71},[53,88507,88508],{"class":75},"Python is fun",[53,88510,72],{"class":71},[53,88512,125],{"class":67},[599,88514,88516],{"id":88515},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88518,88519],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[44,88521,88523],{"className":46,"code":88522,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88524,88525,88535],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88526,88527,88529,88531,88533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88528,132],{"class":131},[53,88530,116],{"class":67},[53,88532,1487],{"class":273},[53,88534,125],{"class":67},[53,88536,88537,88539,88541,88543],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88538,132],{"class":131},[53,88540,116],{"class":67},[53,88542,39497],{"class":273},[53,88544,125],{"class":67},[599,88546,88548],{"id":88547},"print-variables","Print variables",[44,88550,88552],{"className":46,"code":88551,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88553,88554,88562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88555,88556,88558,88560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88557,4454],{"class":59},[53,88559,64],{"class":63},[53,88561,13490],{"class":273},[53,88563,88564,88566,88568,88570],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88565,132],{"class":131},[53,88567,116],{"class":67},[53,88569,84879],{"class":112},[53,88571,125],{"class":67},[599,88573,88575],{"id":88574},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[44,88577,88579],{"className":46,"code":88578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88580,88581,88595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88582,88583,88585,88587,88589,88591,88593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88584,132],{"class":131},[53,88586,116],{"class":67},[53,88588,300],{"class":273},[53,88590,1808],{"class":63},[53,88592,284],{"class":273},[53,88594,125],{"class":67},[53,88596,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88607],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88598,132],{"class":131},[53,88600,116],{"class":67},[53,88602,1684],{"class":273},[53,88604,82191],{"class":63},[53,88606,1811],{"class":273},[53,88608,125],{"class":67},[20,88610,88611,88612,37],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[464,88613,50335],{"href":50334},[39,88615,88617],{"id":88616},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88619,88620,88622],{},[15,88621,45809],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88624,88625],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[44,88627,88629],{"className":46,"code":88628,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88630,88631,88644,88652,88656,88675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88632,88633,88635,88637,88639,88642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88634,7242],{"class":59},[53,88636,64],{"class":63},[53,88638,84],{"class":71},[53,88640,88641],{"class":75},"Ava",[53,88643,2715],{"class":71},[53,88645,88646,88648,88650],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88647,20983],{"class":59},[53,88649,64],{"class":63},[53,88651,1941],{"class":273},[53,88653,88654],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,88655,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,88657,88658,88660,88662,88664,88667,88669,88671,88673],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,88659,132],{"class":131},[53,88661,116],{"class":67},[53,88663,72],{"class":71},[53,88665,88666],{"class":75},"Name:",[53,88668,72],{"class":71},[53,88670,81],{"class":67},[53,88672,35347],{"class":112},[53,88674,125],{"class":67},[53,88676,88677,88679,88681,88683,88686,88688,88690,88692],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,88678,132],{"class":131},[53,88680,116],{"class":67},[53,88682,72],{"class":71},[53,88684,88685],{"class":75},"Age:",[53,88687,72],{"class":71},[53,88689,81],{"class":67},[53,88691,8557],{"class":112},[53,88693,125],{"class":67},[20,88695,772],{},[44,88697,88699],{"className":46,"code":88698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88700,88701,88711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88702,88703,88706,88708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88704,88705],{"class":59},"Name",[53,88707,191],{"class":67},[53,88709,88710],{"class":59}," Ava\n",[53,88712,88713,88716,88718],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88714,88715],{"class":59},"Age",[53,88717,191],{"class":67},[53,88719,1941],{"class":273},[20,88721,88722,88723,37],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88724,1409],{},[20,88726,88727],{},"For example, this works:",[44,88729,88731],{"className":46,"code":88730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88732,88733,88741],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88734,88735,88737,88739],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88736,20983],{"class":59},[53,88738,64],{"class":63},[53,88740,1941],{"class":273},[53,88742,88743,88745,88747,88749,88751,88753,88755,88757],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88744,132],{"class":131},[53,88746,116],{"class":67},[53,88748,72],{"class":71},[53,88750,88685],{"class":75},[53,88752,72],{"class":71},[53,88754,81],{"class":67},[53,88756,8557],{"class":112},[53,88758,125],{"class":67},[20,88760,36279],{},[44,88762,88764],{"className":46,"code":88763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88765,88766,88774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88767,88768,88770,88772],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88769,20983],{"class":59},[53,88771,64],{"class":63},[53,88773,1941],{"class":273},[53,88775,88776,88778,88780,88782,88785,88787,88789,88791],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88777,132],{"class":131},[53,88779,116],{"class":67},[53,88781,72],{"class":71},[53,88783,88784],{"class":75},"Age: ",[53,88786,72],{"class":71},[53,88788,1808],{"class":63},[53,88790,8557],{"class":112},[53,88792,125],{"class":67},[20,88794,88795,88796,88799,88800,88802,88803,88805,88806,37],{},"That fails because ",[15,88797,88798],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,88801,8667],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,88804,1409],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[464,88807,88808],{"href":41530},[15,88809,47041],{},[39,88811,88813],{"id":88812},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,88815,88816,88818],{},[15,88817,45809],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[193,88820,88821,88827,88832,88837],{},[196,88822,88823,88826],{},[15,88824,88825],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[196,88828,88829,88831],{},[15,88830,52019],{}," controls what is added after the output",[196,88833,88834,88836],{},[15,88835,86101],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[196,88838,88839,88842],{},[15,88840,88841],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,88844,88845,88846,594,88848,37],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,88847,88825],{},[15,88849,52019],{},[39,88851,88853,35968],{"id":88852},"sep-argument",[15,88854,88825],{},[20,88856,1329,88857,88859],{},[15,88858,88825],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,88861,88862],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[599,88864,88866],{"id":88865},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[44,88868,88870],{"className":46,"code":88869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,88871,88872],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88873,88874,88876,88878,88880,88882,88884,88886,88888,88890,88892,88894,88896,88898,88900],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88875,132],{"class":131},[53,88877,116],{"class":67},[53,88879,72],{"class":71},[53,88881,76],{"class":75},[53,88883,72],{"class":71},[53,88885,81],{"class":67},[53,88887,84],{"class":71},[53,88889,96],{"class":75},[53,88891,72],{"class":71},[53,88893,81],{"class":67},[53,88895,84],{"class":71},[53,88897,87],{"class":75},[53,88899,72],{"class":71},[53,88901,125],{"class":67},[20,88903,772],{},[44,88905,88907],{"className":46,"code":88906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red green blue\n",[15,88908,88909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88910,88911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88912,88906],{"class":59},[599,88914,88916],{"id":88915},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[44,88918,88920],{"className":46,"code":88919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,88921,88922,88965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,88923,88924,88926,88928,88930,88932,88934,88936,88938,88940,88942,88944,88946,88948,88950,88952,88955,88957,88959,88961,88963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,88925,132],{"class":131},[53,88927,116],{"class":67},[53,88929,72],{"class":71},[53,88931,76],{"class":75},[53,88933,72],{"class":71},[53,88935,81],{"class":67},[53,88937,84],{"class":71},[53,88939,96],{"class":75},[53,88941,72],{"class":71},[53,88943,81],{"class":67},[53,88945,84],{"class":71},[53,88947,87],{"class":75},[53,88949,72],{"class":71},[53,88951,81],{"class":67},[53,88953,88954],{"class":8544}," sep",[53,88956,64],{"class":63},[53,88958,72],{"class":71},[53,88960,81],{"class":75},[53,88962,72],{"class":71},[53,88964,125],{"class":67},[53,88966,88967,88969,88971,88973,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983,88985,88987,88989,88991,88993,88995,88997,88999,89001,89004,89006],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,88968,132],{"class":131},[53,88970,116],{"class":67},[53,88972,72],{"class":71},[53,88974,76],{"class":75},[53,88976,72],{"class":71},[53,88978,81],{"class":67},[53,88980,84],{"class":71},[53,88982,96],{"class":75},[53,88984,72],{"class":71},[53,88986,81],{"class":67},[53,88988,84],{"class":71},[53,88990,87],{"class":75},[53,88992,72],{"class":71},[53,88994,81],{"class":67},[53,88996,88954],{"class":8544},[53,88998,64],{"class":63},[53,89000,72],{"class":71},[53,89002,89003],{"class":75}," - ",[53,89005,72],{"class":71},[53,89007,125],{"class":67},[20,89009,772],{},[44,89011,89013],{"className":46,"code":89012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89014,89015,89027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89016,89017,89019,89021,89023,89025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89018,76],{"class":59},[53,89020,81],{"class":67},[53,89022,96],{"class":59},[53,89024,81],{"class":67},[53,89026,69340],{"class":59},[53,89028,89029,89032,89034,89037,89039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89030,89031],{"class":59},"red ",[53,89033,1371],{"class":63},[53,89035,89036],{"class":59}," green ",[53,89038,1371],{"class":63},[53,89040,35236],{"class":59},[20,89042,89043,89045],{},[15,89044,88825],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89047,89048,89049,37],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[464,89050,89052],{"href":89051},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[39,89054,89056,35968],{"id":89055},"end-argument",[15,89057,52019],{},[20,89059,89060,89061,89063,89064,89066],{},"By default, ",[15,89062,45809],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89065,45809],{}," starts on a new line.",[599,89068,88866],{"id":89069},"default-behavior-1",[44,89071,89073],{"className":46,"code":89072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89074,89075,89089],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89076,89077,89079,89081,89083,89085,89087],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89078,132],{"class":131},[53,89080,116],{"class":67},[53,89082,72],{"class":71},[53,89084,34221],{"class":75},[53,89086,72],{"class":71},[53,89088,125],{"class":67},[53,89090,89091,89093,89095,89097,89100,89102],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89092,132],{"class":131},[53,89094,116],{"class":67},[53,89096,72],{"class":71},[53,89098,89099],{"class":75},"World",[53,89101,72],{"class":71},[53,89103,125],{"class":67},[20,89105,772],{},[44,89107,89109],{"className":46,"code":89108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89110,89111,89115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89112,89113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89114,88308],{"class":59},[53,89116,89117],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89118,89119],{"class":59},"World\n",[599,89121,89123],{"id":89122},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[44,89125,89127],{"className":46,"code":89126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89128,89129,89151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89130,89131,89133,89135,89137,89139,89141,89143,89145,89147,89149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89132,132],{"class":131},[53,89134,116],{"class":67},[53,89136,72],{"class":71},[53,89138,34221],{"class":75},[53,89140,72],{"class":71},[53,89142,81],{"class":67},[53,89144,64400],{"class":8544},[53,89146,64],{"class":63},[53,89148,5634],{"class":71},[53,89150,125],{"class":67},[53,89152,89153,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89154,132],{"class":131},[53,89156,116],{"class":67},[53,89158,72],{"class":71},[53,89160,89099],{"class":75},[53,89162,72],{"class":71},[53,89164,125],{"class":67},[20,89166,772],{},[44,89168,89170],{"className":46,"code":89169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89171,89172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89173,89174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89175,89169],{"class":59},[599,89177,89179],{"id":89178},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[44,89181,89183],{"className":46,"code":89182,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89184,89185,89214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89186,89187,89189,89191,89193,89195,89197,89199,89201,89203,89205,89208,89210,89212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89188,132],{"class":131},[53,89190,116],{"class":67},[53,89192,72],{"class":71},[53,89194,34221],{"class":75},[53,89196,72],{"class":71},[53,89198,81],{"class":67},[53,89200,64400],{"class":8544},[53,89202,64],{"class":63},[53,89204,72],{"class":71},[53,89206,89207],{"class":75},"!",[53,89209,86512],{"class":33807},[53,89211,72],{"class":71},[53,89213,125],{"class":67},[53,89215,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89217,132],{"class":131},[53,89219,116],{"class":67},[53,89221,72],{"class":71},[53,89223,89099],{"class":75},[53,89225,72],{"class":71},[53,89227,125],{"class":67},[20,89229,772],{},[44,89231,89233],{"className":46,"code":89232,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89234,89235,89240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89236,89237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89238,89239],{"class":59},"Hello!\n",[53,89241,89242],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89243,89119],{"class":59},[20,89245,1329,89246,89248],{},[15,89247,52019],{}," argument is useful for:",[193,89250,89251,89254,89257],{},[196,89252,89253],{},"progress messages",[196,89255,89256],{},"inline output",[196,89258,89259],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[39,89261,89263,1751,89265],{"id":89262},"print-returns-none",[15,89264,45809],{},[15,89266,849],{},[20,89268,89269,89270,89272],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89271,45809],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89274,1559],{},[44,89276,89278],{"className":46,"code":89277,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89279,89280,89300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89281,89282,89284,89286,89289,89291,89293,89296,89298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89283,1582],{"class":59},[53,89285,64],{"class":63},[53,89287,89288],{"class":131}," print",[53,89290,116],{"class":67},[53,89292,72],{"class":71},[53,89294,89295],{"class":75},"Hi",[53,89297,72],{"class":71},[53,89299,125],{"class":67},[53,89301,89302,89304,89306,89308],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89303,132],{"class":131},[53,89305,116],{"class":67},[53,89307,1617],{"class":112},[53,89309,125],{"class":67},[20,89311,772],{},[44,89313,89315],{"className":46,"code":89314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89316,89317,89322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89318,89319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89320,89321],{"class":59},"Hi\n",[53,89323,89324],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89325,931],{"class":938},[20,89327,89328],{},"Why does this happen?",[193,89330,89331,89339,89344],{},[196,89332,89333,89336,89337],{},[15,89334,89335],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89338,89295],{},[196,89340,89341,89342],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89343,849],{},[196,89345,89346,89347,11284,89349],{},"so ",[15,89348,1617],{},[15,89350,849],{},[20,89352,89353,89354,89356],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89355,45809],{}," call.",[44,89358,89360],{"className":46,"code":89359,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89361,89362,89375],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89363,89364,89367,89369,89371,89373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89365,89366],{"class":59},"message ",[53,89368,64],{"class":63},[53,89370,84],{"class":71},[53,89372,89295],{"class":75},[53,89374,2715],{"class":71},[53,89376,89377,89379,89381,89384],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89378,132],{"class":131},[53,89380,116],{"class":67},[53,89382,89383],{"class":112},"message",[53,89385,125],{"class":67},[20,89387,89388,89389,89391,89392,89396],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89390,45809],{}," with functions like ",[464,89393,89394],{"href":7586},[15,89395,2313],{},", which do return a value.",[39,89398,89400,89401],{"id":89399},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89402,45809],{},[20,89404,89405,89406,89408],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89407,45809],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[193,89410,89411,89414,89417,89420],{},[196,89412,89413],{},"to display results to the user",[196,89415,89416],{},"to show messages in a script",[196,89418,89419],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[196,89421,89422],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89424,1559],{},[44,89426,89428],{"className":46,"code":89427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89429,89430,89438,89442,89462,89473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89431,89432,89434,89436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89433,40537],{"class":59},[53,89435,64],{"class":63},[53,89437,37866],{"class":273},[53,89439,89440],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89441,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,89443,89444,89446,89448,89450,89452,89454,89456,89458,89460],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,89445,5319],{"class":1105},[53,89447,5749],{"class":59},[53,89449,1067],{"class":1105},[53,89451,53429],{"class":131},[53,89453,116],{"class":67},[53,89455,274],{"class":273},[53,89457,81],{"class":67},[53,89459,1811],{"class":273},[53,89461,7709],{"class":67},[53,89463,89464,89467,89470],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,89465,89466],{"class":59},"    total ",[53,89468,89469],{"class":63},"+=",[53,89471,89472],{"class":59}," number\n",[53,89474,89475,89477,89479,89481,89484,89486,89488,89490,89492,89494,89496,89498,89500,89502],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,89476,7435],{"class":131},[53,89478,116],{"class":67},[53,89480,72],{"class":71},[53,89482,89483],{"class":75},"Current number:",[53,89485,72],{"class":71},[53,89487,81],{"class":67},[53,89489,1548],{"class":112},[53,89491,81],{"class":67},[53,89493,84],{"class":71},[53,89495,44920],{"class":75},[53,89497,72],{"class":71},[53,89499,81],{"class":67},[53,89501,44927],{"class":112},[53,89503,125],{"class":67},[20,89505,772],{},[44,89507,89509],{"className":46,"code":89508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89510,89511,89527,89541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89512,89513,89516,89518,89520,89523,89525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89514,89515],{"class":59},"Current number",[53,89517,191],{"class":67},[53,89519,4858],{"class":273},[53,89521,89522],{"class":59}," Total",[53,89524,191],{"class":67},[53,89526,28971],{"class":273},[53,89528,89529,89531,89533,89535,89537,89539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89530,89515],{"class":59},[53,89532,191],{"class":67},[53,89534,279],{"class":273},[53,89536,89522],{"class":59},[53,89538,191],{"class":67},[53,89540,1931],{"class":273},[53,89542,89543,89545,89547,89549,89551,89553],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,89544,89515],{"class":59},[53,89546,191],{"class":67},[53,89548,284],{"class":273},[53,89550,89522],{"class":59},[53,89552,191],{"class":67},[53,89554,89555],{"class":273}," 6\n",[20,89557,89558,89559,37],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[464,89560,89562],{"href":89561},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[39,89564,2185],{"id":2184},[20,89566,89567,89568,37],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89569,45809],{},[599,89571,89573],{"id":89572},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89575,89576],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[44,89578,89580],{"className":46,"code":89579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89581,89582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89583,89584,89586,89588,89590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89585,132],{"class":131},[53,89587,116],{"class":67},[53,89589,34221],{"class":112},[53,89591,125],{"class":67},[20,89593,8243,89594,89596],{},[15,89595,34221],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89598,10174],{},[44,89600,89602],{"className":46,"code":89601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89603,89604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89605,89606,89608,89610,89612,89614,89616],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89607,132],{"class":131},[53,89609,116],{"class":67},[53,89611,72],{"class":71},[53,89613,34221],{"class":75},[53,89615,72],{"class":71},[53,89617,125],{"class":67},[599,89619,7785,89621,89623],{"id":89620},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89622,132],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89625,89626],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[44,89628,89630],{"className":46,"code":89629,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89631,89632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89633,89634,89636,89638,89640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89635,132],{"class":131},[53,89637,84],{"class":71},[53,89639,34221],{"class":75},[53,89641,2715],{"class":71},[20,89643,10174],{},[44,89645,89646],{"className":46,"code":89601,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,89647,89648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89649,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89651,132],{"class":131},[53,89653,116],{"class":67},[53,89655,72],{"class":71},[53,89657,34221],{"class":75},[53,89659,72],{"class":71},[53,89661,125],{"class":67},[599,89663,89665,89666],{"id":89664},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89667,1409],{},[20,89669,89670,89671,37],{},"This causes a ",[15,89672,2360],{},[44,89674,89675],{"className":46,"code":88763,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,89676,89677,89685],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89678,89679,89681,89683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89680,20983],{"class":59},[53,89682,64],{"class":63},[53,89684,1941],{"class":273},[53,89686,89687,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89688,132],{"class":131},[53,89690,116],{"class":67},[53,89692,72],{"class":71},[53,89694,88784],{"class":75},[53,89696,72],{"class":71},[53,89698,1808],{"class":63},[53,89700,8557],{"class":112},[53,89702,125],{"class":67},[20,89704,89705],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[44,89707,89709],{"className":46,"code":89708,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89710,89711],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89712,89713,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89714,132],{"class":131},[53,89716,116],{"class":67},[53,89718,72],{"class":71},[53,89720,88685],{"class":75},[53,89722,72],{"class":71},[53,89724,81],{"class":67},[53,89726,8557],{"class":112},[53,89728,125],{"class":67},[20,89730,89731],{},"Or convert the number first:",[44,89733,89735],{"className":46,"code":89734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89736,89737],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89738,89739,89741,89743,89745,89747,89749,89751,89753,89755,89757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89740,132],{"class":131},[53,89742,116],{"class":67},[53,89744,72],{"class":71},[53,89746,88784],{"class":75},[53,89748,72],{"class":71},[53,89750,1808],{"class":63},[53,89752,48262],{"class":550},[53,89754,116],{"class":67},[53,89756,8667],{"class":112},[53,89758,1377],{"class":67},[20,89760,89761,89762,37],{},"If you see this error, read ",[464,89763,89765],{"href":89764},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[599,89767,838,89769,89771],{"id":89768},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,89770,45809],{}," to return a value",[20,89773,89774,89775,34684,89778,191],{},"This does not store ",[15,89776,89777],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,89779,1617],{},[44,89781,89783],{"className":46,"code":89782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89784,89785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89786,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799,89801],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89788,1582],{"class":59},[53,89790,64],{"class":63},[53,89792,89288],{"class":131},[53,89794,116],{"class":67},[53,89796,72],{"class":71},[53,89798,34221],{"class":75},[53,89800,72],{"class":71},[53,89802,125],{"class":67},[20,89804,89805,89806,37],{},"It stores ",[15,89807,849],{},[599,89809,89811,89812,594,89814],{"id":89810},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,89813,88825],{},[15,89815,52019],{},[20,89817,85171],{},[193,89819,89820,89829],{},[196,89821,89822,89824,89825,89828],{},[15,89823,88825],{}," changes what goes ",[30,89826,89827],{},"between"," multiple values",[196,89830,89831,89833,89834,89837],{},[15,89832,52019],{}," changes what appears ",[30,89835,89836],{},"after"," the output",[39,89839,89841],{"id":89840},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,89843,89844,89845,89847],{},"These simple ",[15,89846,45809],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[44,89849,89851],{"className":46,"code":89850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,89852,89853,89873,89888],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89854,89855,89857,89859,89861,89864,89866,89868,89871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89856,132],{"class":131},[53,89858,116],{"class":67},[53,89860,72],{"class":71},[53,89862,89863],{"class":75},"Debug:",[53,89865,72],{"class":71},[53,89867,81],{"class":67},[53,89869,89870],{"class":112}," variable_name",[53,89872,125],{"class":67},[53,89874,89875,89877,89879,89881,89883,89886],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,89876,132],{"class":131},[53,89878,116],{"class":67},[53,89880,2578],{"class":550},[53,89882,116],{"class":67},[53,89884,89885],{"class":112},"variable_name",[53,89887,1377],{"class":67},[53,89889,89890,89892,89894,89896],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,89891,31506],{"class":131},[53,89893,116],{"class":67},[53,89895,132],{"class":131},[53,89897,125],{"class":67},[20,89899,89900],{},"What they do:",[193,89902,89903,89909,89915],{},[196,89904,89905,89908],{},[15,89906,89907],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[196,89910,89911,89914],{},[15,89912,89913],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[196,89916,89917,89920,89921],{},[15,89918,89919],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,89922,45809],{},[39,89924,1187],{"id":1186},[599,89926,1191,89928,89930],{"id":89927},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,89929,45809],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,89932,89933,89934,89936,89937,35974],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,89935,45809],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,89938,52019],{},[599,89940,1234,89942,89944],{"id":89941},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,89943,45809],{}," show more than one value?",[20,89946,89947,89948,89950],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,89949,45809],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[599,89952,4517,89954,4520,89957,1222],{"id":89953},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,89955,89956],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,89958,849],{},[20,89960,28417,89961,89963],{},[15,89962,45809],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[599,89965,89967],{"id":89966},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,89969,89970],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[44,89972,89974],{"className":46,"code":89973,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,89975,89976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,89977,89978,89980,89982,89984,89986,89988,89990,89992],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,89979,132],{"class":131},[53,89981,116],{"class":67},[53,89983,72],{"class":71},[53,89985,88685],{"class":75},[53,89987,72],{"class":71},[53,89989,81],{"class":67},[53,89991,5366],{"class":273},[53,89993,125],{"class":67},[20,89995,89996,89997,39283],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,89998,47041],{},[599,90000,4538,90002,594,90004,1222],{"id":90001},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90003,88825],{},[15,90005,52019],{},[193,90007,90008,90013],{},[196,90009,90010,90012],{},[15,90011,88825],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[196,90014,90015,90017],{},[15,90016,52019],{}," changes what appears after the output",[39,90019,1244],{"id":1243},[193,90021,90022,90026,90032,90038,90043,90048],{},[196,90023,90024],{},[464,90025,50335],{"href":50334},[196,90027,90028],{},[464,90029,2934,90030,2867],{"href":7586},[15,90031,2313],{},[196,90033,90034],{},[464,90035,2934,90036,2867],{"href":41530},[15,90037,47041],{},[196,90039,90040],{},[464,90041,90042],{"href":89051},"How to format strings in Python",[196,90044,90045],{},[464,90046,90047],{"href":89561},"How to debug Python code",[196,90049,90050],{},[464,90051,89765],{"href":89764},[1276,90053,90054],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":90056},[90057,90058,90060,90061,90067,90068,90069,90074,90080,90082,90084,90095,90096,90107],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":88229,"depth":104,"text":90059},"What print() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":88465,"depth":104,"text":88466,"children":90062},[90063,90064,90065,90066],{"id":88474,"depth":128,"text":88475},{"id":88515,"depth":128,"text":88516},{"id":88547,"depth":128,"text":88548},{"id":88574,"depth":128,"text":88575},{"id":88616,"depth":104,"text":88617},{"id":88812,"depth":104,"text":88813},{"id":88852,"depth":104,"text":90070,"children":90071},"sep argument",[90072,90073],{"id":88865,"depth":128,"text":88866},{"id":88915,"depth":128,"text":88916},{"id":89055,"depth":104,"text":90075,"children":90076},"end argument",[90077,90078,90079],{"id":89069,"depth":128,"text":88866},{"id":89122,"depth":128,"text":89123},{"id":89178,"depth":128,"text":89179},{"id":89262,"depth":104,"text":90081},"print() returns None",{"id":89399,"depth":104,"text":90083},"When beginners use print()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":90085},[90086,90087,90089,90091,90093],{"id":89572,"depth":128,"text":89573},{"id":89620,"depth":128,"text":90088},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89664,"depth":128,"text":90090},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89768,"depth":128,"text":90092},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":89810,"depth":128,"text":90094},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":89840,"depth":104,"text":89841},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":90097},[90098,90100,90102,90104,90105],{"id":89927,"depth":128,"text":90099},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":89941,"depth":128,"text":90101},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":89953,"depth":128,"text":90103},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":89966,"depth":128,"text":89967},{"id":90001,"depth":128,"text":90106},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88112,"description":90108},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90115,"title":90116,"body":90117,"description":92421,"extension":1312,"meta":92422,"navigation":383,"path":92423,"seo":92424,"stem":92425,"__hash__":92426},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90118,"toc":92367},[90119,90124,90129,90142,90144,90209,90220,90225,90230,90232,90255,90258,90289,90291,90308,90313,90319,90324,90373,90376,90393,90399,90404,90427,90429,90457,90463,90471,90498,90500,90525,90531,90534,90565,90567,90596,90600,90603,90608,90630,90632,90660,90666,90672,90698,90700,90724,90730,90736,90766,90768,90796,90806,90810,90816,90849,90851,90880,90883,90886,90919,90921,90929,90935,90937,90960,90965,90974,90979,90993,90995,91035,91037,91067,91071,91106,91112,91116,91160,91162,91192,91198,91201,91280,91282,91304,91312,91315,91378,91386,91461,91467,91474,91479,91484,91507,91509,91530,91532,91545,91547,91594,91596,91635,91644,91646,91650,91654,91657,91684,91687,91716,91719,91743,91746,91754,91760,91782,91784,91812,91816,91821,91876,91881,91883,91940,91947,91956,91959,91991,91993,92001,92004,92010,92012,92035,92038,92044,92047,92066,92068,92087,92090,92112,92114,92142,92146,92150,92255,92257,92270,92272,92278,92281,92289,92294,92300,92306,92311,92319,92325,92332,92334,92364],[10,90120,2934,90122,2938],{"id":90121},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90123,35552],{},[20,90125,31671,90126,90128],{},[15,90127,35552],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90130,90131,90132,90134,90135,90137,90138,90141],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90133,5319],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90136,35552],{}," stops ",[30,90139,90140],{},"before"," the end value.",[39,90143,42],{"id":41},[44,90145,90147],{"className":46,"code":90146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90148,90149,90165,90175,90179,90184,90189,90194,90199,90204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90150,90151,90153,90155,90157,90159,90161,90163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90152,5319],{"class":1105},[53,90154,68907],{"class":59},[53,90156,1067],{"class":1105},[53,90158,53429],{"class":131},[53,90160,116],{"class":67},[53,90162,1487],{"class":273},[53,90164,7709],{"class":67},[53,90166,90167,90169,90171,90173],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90168,7435],{"class":131},[53,90170,116],{"class":67},[53,90172,35508],{"class":112},[53,90174,125],{"class":67},[53,90176,90177],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,90178,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,90180,90181],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,90182,90183],{"class":3024},"# Output:\n",[53,90185,90186],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,90187,90188],{"class":3024},"# 0\n",[53,90190,90191],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,90192,90193],{"class":3024},"# 1\n",[53,90195,90196],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,90197,90198],{"class":3024},"# 2\n",[53,90200,90201],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,90202,90203],{"class":3024},"# 3\n",[53,90205,90206],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,90207,90208],{"class":3024},"# 4\n",[20,90210,90211,90214,90215,90217,90218,37],{},[15,90212,90213],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90216,1470],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90219,1487],{},[39,90221,183,90223,186],{"id":90222},"what-range-does",[15,90224,35552],{},[20,90226,90227,90229],{},[15,90228,35552],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90231,12416],{},[193,90233,90234,90239,90245,90250],{},[196,90235,90236,90238],{},[15,90237,35552],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[196,90240,90241,90242,90244],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90243,5319],{}," loops",[196,90246,90247,90248],{},"The stop value is ",[30,90249,64429],{},[196,90251,16781,90252,90254],{},[15,90253,59357],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90256,90257],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[44,90259,90261],{"className":46,"code":90260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90262,90263,90279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90264,90265,90267,90269,90271,90273,90275,90277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90266,5319],{"class":1105},[53,90268,5749],{"class":59},[53,90270,1067],{"class":1105},[53,90272,53429],{"class":131},[53,90274,116],{"class":67},[53,90276,1412],{"class":273},[53,90278,7709],{"class":67},[53,90280,90281,90283,90285,90287],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90282,7435],{"class":131},[53,90284,116],{"class":67},[53,90286,1592],{"class":112},[53,90288,125],{"class":67},[20,90290,772],{},[44,90292,90294],{"className":46,"code":90293,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90295,90296,90300,90304],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90297,90298],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90299,46609],{"class":273},[53,90301,90302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90303,46274],{"class":273},[53,90305,90306],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,90307,16415],{"class":273},[20,90309,90310,90311,37],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[464,90312,35384],{"href":35383},[39,90314,90316,90318],{"id":90315},"range-syntax",[15,90317,35552],{}," syntax",[20,90320,90321,90323],{},[15,90322,35552],{}," has three common forms:",[44,90325,90327],{"className":46,"code":90326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90328,90329,90339,90354],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90330,90331,90333,90335,90337],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90332,59357],{"class":131},[53,90334,116],{"class":67},[53,90336,74785],{"class":112},[53,90338,125],{"class":67},[53,90340,90341,90343,90345,90347,90349,90352],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,90342,59357],{"class":131},[53,90344,116],{"class":67},[53,90346,35428],{"class":112},[53,90348,81],{"class":67},[53,90350,90351],{"class":112}," stop",[53,90353,125],{"class":67},[53,90355,90356,90358,90360,90362,90364,90366,90368,90371],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,90357,59357],{"class":131},[53,90359,116],{"class":67},[53,90361,35428],{"class":112},[53,90363,81],{"class":67},[53,90365,90351],{"class":112},[53,90367,81],{"class":67},[53,90369,90370],{"class":112}," step",[53,90372,125],{"class":67},[20,90374,90375],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[193,90377,90378,90383,90388],{},[196,90379,90380,90382],{},[15,90381,35428],{}," = first number",[196,90384,90385,90387],{},[15,90386,74785],{}," = end limit, not included",[196,90389,90390,90392],{},[15,90391,74788],{}," = amount to move each time",[599,90394,90396],{"id":90395},"rangestop",[15,90397,90398],{},"range(stop)",[20,90400,90401,90402,37],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90403,1470],{},[44,90405,90407],{"className":46,"code":90406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90408,90409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90410,90411,90413,90415,90417,90419,90421,90423,90425],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90412,132],{"class":131},[53,90414,116],{"class":67},[53,90416,7460],{"class":550},[53,90418,116],{"class":67},[53,90420,59357],{"class":131},[53,90422,116],{"class":67},[53,90424,1487],{"class":273},[53,90426,2267],{"class":67},[20,90428,772],{},[44,90430,90431],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90432,90433],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90434,90435,90437,90439,90441,90443,90445,90447,90449,90451,90453,90455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90436,3260],{"class":67},[53,90438,1470],{"class":273},[53,90440,81],{"class":67},[53,90442,4858],{"class":273},[53,90444,81],{"class":67},[53,90446,279],{"class":273},[53,90448,81],{"class":67},[53,90450,284],{"class":273},[53,90452,81],{"class":67},[53,90454,1811],{"class":273},[53,90456,2995],{"class":67},[599,90458,90460],{"id":90459},"rangestart-stop",[15,90461,90462],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90464,90465,90466,90468,90469,37],{},"This starts at ",[15,90467,35428],{}," and stops before ",[15,90470,74785],{},[44,90472,90474],{"className":46,"code":90473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90475,90476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90477,90478,90480,90482,90484,90486,90488,90490,90492,90494,90496],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90479,132],{"class":131},[53,90481,116],{"class":67},[53,90483,7460],{"class":550},[53,90485,116],{"class":67},[53,90487,59357],{"class":131},[53,90489,116],{"class":67},[53,90491,300],{"class":273},[53,90493,81],{"class":67},[53,90495,36996],{"class":273},[53,90497,2267],{"class":67},[20,90499,772],{},[44,90501,90503],{"className":46,"code":90502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90504,90505],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90506,90507,90509,90511,90513,90515,90517,90519,90521,90523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90508,3260],{"class":67},[53,90510,300],{"class":273},[53,90512,81],{"class":67},[53,90514,284],{"class":273},[53,90516,81],{"class":67},[53,90518,1811],{"class":273},[53,90520,81],{"class":67},[53,90522,3963],{"class":273},[53,90524,2995],{"class":67},[599,90526,90528],{"id":90527},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90529,90530],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90532,90533],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[44,90535,90537],{"className":46,"code":90536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90538,90539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90540,90541,90543,90545,90547,90549,90551,90553,90555,90557,90559,90561,90563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90542,132],{"class":131},[53,90544,116],{"class":67},[53,90546,7460],{"class":550},[53,90548,116],{"class":67},[53,90550,59357],{"class":131},[53,90552,116],{"class":67},[53,90554,274],{"class":273},[53,90556,81],{"class":67},[53,90558,5366],{"class":273},[53,90560,81],{"class":67},[53,90562,279],{"class":273},[53,90564,2267],{"class":67},[20,90566,772],{},[44,90568,90570],{"className":46,"code":90569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90571,90572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90573,90574,90576,90578,90580,90582,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90594],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90575,3260],{"class":67},[53,90577,274],{"class":273},[53,90579,81],{"class":67},[53,90581,284],{"class":273},[53,90583,81],{"class":67},[53,90585,3963],{"class":273},[53,90587,81],{"class":67},[53,90589,5355],{"class":273},[53,90591,81],{"class":67},[53,90593,53495],{"class":273},[53,90595,2995],{"class":67},[39,90597,90599],{"id":90598},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90601,90602],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[599,90604,90606],{"id":90605},"range5",[15,90607,90213],{},[44,90609,90610],{"className":46,"code":90406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90611,90612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90613,90614,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90626,90628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90615,132],{"class":131},[53,90617,116],{"class":67},[53,90619,7460],{"class":550},[53,90621,116],{"class":67},[53,90623,59357],{"class":131},[53,90625,116],{"class":67},[53,90627,1487],{"class":273},[53,90629,2267],{"class":67},[20,90631,772],{},[44,90633,90634],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90635,90636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90637,90638,90640,90642,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656,90658],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90639,3260],{"class":67},[53,90641,1470],{"class":273},[53,90643,81],{"class":67},[53,90645,4858],{"class":273},[53,90647,81],{"class":67},[53,90649,279],{"class":273},[53,90651,81],{"class":67},[53,90653,284],{"class":273},[53,90655,81],{"class":67},[53,90657,1811],{"class":273},[53,90659,2995],{"class":67},[20,90661,90465,90662,90468,90664,37],{},[15,90663,1470],{},[15,90665,1487],{},[599,90667,90669],{"id":90668},"range2-6",[15,90670,90671],{},"range(2, 6)",[44,90673,90674],{"className":46,"code":90473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90675,90676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90677,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686,90688,90690,90692,90694,90696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90679,132],{"class":131},[53,90681,116],{"class":67},[53,90683,7460],{"class":550},[53,90685,116],{"class":67},[53,90687,59357],{"class":131},[53,90689,116],{"class":67},[53,90691,300],{"class":273},[53,90693,81],{"class":67},[53,90695,36996],{"class":273},[53,90697,2267],{"class":67},[20,90699,772],{},[44,90701,90702],{"className":46,"code":90502,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90703,90704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90705,90706,90708,90710,90712,90714,90716,90718,90720,90722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90707,3260],{"class":67},[53,90709,300],{"class":273},[53,90711,81],{"class":67},[53,90713,284],{"class":273},[53,90715,81],{"class":67},[53,90717,1811],{"class":273},[53,90719,81],{"class":67},[53,90721,3963],{"class":273},[53,90723,2995],{"class":67},[20,90725,90465,90726,90468,90728,37],{},[15,90727,300],{},[15,90729,79953],{},[599,90731,90733],{"id":90732},"range1-10-2",[15,90734,90735],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[44,90737,90738],{"className":46,"code":90536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90739,90740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90741,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754,90756,90758,90760,90762,90764],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90743,132],{"class":131},[53,90745,116],{"class":67},[53,90747,7460],{"class":550},[53,90749,116],{"class":67},[53,90751,59357],{"class":131},[53,90753,116],{"class":67},[53,90755,274],{"class":273},[53,90757,81],{"class":67},[53,90759,5366],{"class":273},[53,90761,81],{"class":67},[53,90763,279],{"class":273},[53,90765,2267],{"class":67},[20,90767,772],{},[44,90769,90770],{"className":46,"code":90569,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90771,90772],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90773,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90775,3260],{"class":67},[53,90777,274],{"class":273},[53,90779,81],{"class":67},[53,90781,284],{"class":273},[53,90783,81],{"class":67},[53,90785,3963],{"class":273},[53,90787,81],{"class":67},[53,90789,5355],{"class":273},[53,90791,81],{"class":67},[53,90793,53495],{"class":273},[53,90795,2995],{"class":67},[20,90797,90798,90799,90801,90802,60660,90804,37],{},"This moves by ",[15,90800,300],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,90803,274],{},[15,90805,1495],{},[599,90807,90809],{"id":90808},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,90811,90812,90813,90815],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,90814,35552],{}," count backward.",[44,90817,90819],{"className":46,"code":90818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,90820,90821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90822,90823,90825,90827,90829,90831,90833,90835,90837,90839,90841,90843,90845,90847],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90824,132],{"class":131},[53,90826,116],{"class":67},[53,90828,7460],{"class":550},[53,90830,116],{"class":67},[53,90832,59357],{"class":131},[53,90834,116],{"class":67},[53,90836,1487],{"class":273},[53,90838,81],{"class":67},[53,90840,3194],{"class":273},[53,90842,81],{"class":67},[53,90844,1574],{"class":63},[53,90846,274],{"class":273},[53,90848,2267],{"class":67},[20,90850,772],{},[44,90852,90854],{"className":46,"code":90853,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,90855,90856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90857,90858,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90859,3260],{"class":67},[53,90861,1487],{"class":273},[53,90863,81],{"class":67},[53,90865,1811],{"class":273},[53,90867,81],{"class":67},[53,90869,284],{"class":273},[53,90871,81],{"class":67},[53,90873,279],{"class":273},[53,90875,81],{"class":67},[53,90877,4858],{"class":273},[53,90879,2995],{"class":67},[20,90881,90882],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,90884,90885],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[44,90887,90889],{"className":46,"code":90888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,90890,90891],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90892,90893,90895,90897,90899,90901,90903,90905,90907,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90894,132],{"class":131},[53,90896,116],{"class":67},[53,90898,7460],{"class":550},[53,90900,116],{"class":67},[53,90902,59357],{"class":131},[53,90904,116],{"class":67},[53,90906,274],{"class":273},[53,90908,81],{"class":67},[53,90910,3963],{"class":273},[53,90912,81],{"class":67},[53,90914,1574],{"class":63},[53,90916,274],{"class":273},[53,90918,2267],{"class":67},[20,90920,772],{},[44,90922,90923],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,90924,90925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90926,90927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90928,37650],{"class":67},[599,90930,90931,75948,90933],{"id":76172},[15,90932,74788],{},[15,90934,1470],{},[20,90936,2192],{},[44,90938,90940],{"className":46,"code":90939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,90941,90942],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,90943,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952,90954,90956,90958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,90945,59357],{"class":131},[53,90947,116],{"class":67},[53,90949,274],{"class":273},[53,90951,81],{"class":67},[53,90953,3963],{"class":273},[53,90955,81],{"class":67},[53,90957,3194],{"class":273},[53,90959,125],{"class":67},[20,90961,76217,90962,90964],{},[15,90963,40058],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[39,90966,7785,90968,90970,90971,90973],{"id":90967},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,90969,35552],{}," in a ",[15,90972,5319],{}," loop",[20,90975,90976,90978],{},[15,90977,35552],{}," is most useful when:",[193,90980,90981,90984,90987],{},[196,90982,90983],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[196,90985,90986],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[196,90988,90989,90990],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,90991,90992],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,90994,1559],{},[44,90996,90998],{"className":46,"code":90997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,90999,91000,91016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91001,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91003,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91005,68907],{"class":59},[53,91007,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91009,53429],{"class":131},[53,91011,116],{"class":67},[53,91013,1412],{"class":273},[53,91015,7709],{"class":67},[53,91017,91018,91020,91022,91024,91027,91029,91031,91033],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91019,7435],{"class":131},[53,91021,116],{"class":67},[53,91023,72],{"class":71},[53,91025,91026],{"class":75},"Loop number:",[53,91028,72],{"class":71},[53,91030,81],{"class":67},[53,91032,35484],{"class":112},[53,91034,125],{"class":67},[20,91036,772],{},[44,91038,91040],{"className":46,"code":91039,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91041,91042,91051,91059],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91043,91044,91047,91049],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91045,91046],{"class":59},"Loop number",[53,91048,191],{"class":67},[53,91050,37866],{"class":273},[53,91052,91053,91055,91057],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91054,91046],{"class":59},[53,91056,191],{"class":67},[53,91058,28971],{"class":273},[53,91060,91061,91063,91065],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91062,91046],{"class":59},[53,91064,191],{"class":67},[53,91066,44946],{"class":273},[599,91068,91070],{"id":91069},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[44,91072,91074],{"className":46,"code":91073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91075,91076,91092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91077,91078,91080,91082,91084,91086,91088,91090],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91079,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91081,68907],{"class":59},[53,91083,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91085,53429],{"class":131},[53,91087,116],{"class":67},[53,91089,1487],{"class":273},[53,91091,7709],{"class":67},[53,91093,91094,91096,91098,91100,91102,91104],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91095,7435],{"class":131},[53,91097,116],{"class":67},[53,91099,72],{"class":71},[53,91101,34221],{"class":75},[53,91103,72],{"class":71},[53,91105,125],{"class":67},[20,91107,91108,91109,91111],{},"This prints ",[15,91110,89777],{}," five times.",[599,91113,91115],{"id":91114},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[44,91117,91119],{"className":46,"code":91118,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91120,91121,91141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91122,91123,91125,91127,91129,91131,91133,91135,91137,91139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91124,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91126,68907],{"class":59},[53,91128,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91130,53429],{"class":131},[53,91132,116],{"class":67},[53,91134,274],{"class":273},[53,91136,81],{"class":67},[53,91138,1811],{"class":273},[53,91140,7709],{"class":67},[53,91142,91143,91145,91147,91149,91152,91154,91156,91158],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91144,7435],{"class":131},[53,91146,116],{"class":67},[53,91148,72],{"class":71},[53,91150,91151],{"class":75},"Current number is",[53,91153,72],{"class":71},[53,91155,81],{"class":67},[53,91157,35484],{"class":112},[53,91159,125],{"class":67},[20,91161,772],{},[44,91163,91165],{"className":46,"code":91164,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91166,91167,91176,91184],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91168,91169,91172,91174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91170,91171],{"class":59},"Current number ",[53,91173,11558],{"class":63},[53,91175,28971],{"class":273},[53,91177,91178,91180,91182],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91179,91171],{"class":59},[53,91181,11558],{"class":63},[53,91183,44946],{"class":273},[53,91185,91186,91188,91190],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91187,91171],{"class":59},[53,91189,11558],{"class":63},[53,91191,1931],{"class":273},[599,91193,91195,91197],{"id":91194},"range-and-indexing",[15,91196,35552],{}," and indexing",[20,91199,91200],{},"You may see code like this:",[44,91202,91204],{"className":46,"code":91203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91205,91206,91238,91242,91262],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91207,91208,91210,91212,91214,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232,91234,91236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91209,7144],{"class":59},[53,91211,64],{"class":63},[53,91213,2982],{"class":67},[53,91215,72],{"class":71},[53,91217,464],{"class":75},[53,91219,72],{"class":71},[53,91221,81],{"class":67},[53,91223,84],{"class":71},[53,91225,637],{"class":75},[53,91227,72],{"class":71},[53,91229,81],{"class":67},[53,91231,84],{"class":71},[53,91233,646],{"class":75},[53,91235,72],{"class":71},[53,91237,2995],{"class":67},[53,91239,91240],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91241,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,91243,91244,91246,91248,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91245,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91247,68907],{"class":59},[53,91249,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91251,53429],{"class":131},[53,91253,116],{"class":67},[53,91255,10528],{"class":131},[53,91257,116],{"class":67},[53,91259,7175],{"class":112},[53,91261,68922],{"class":67},[53,91263,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272,91274,91276,91278],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,91265,7435],{"class":131},[53,91267,116],{"class":67},[53,91269,35508],{"class":112},[53,91271,81],{"class":67},[53,91273,5327],{"class":112},[53,91275,3260],{"class":67},[53,91277,35508],{"class":112},[53,91279,3248],{"class":67},[20,91281,772],{},[44,91283,91284],{"className":46,"code":35520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91285,91286,91292,91298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91287,91288,91290],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91289,1470],{"class":273},[53,91291,35529],{"class":59},[53,91293,91294,91296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91295,274],{"class":273},[53,91297,35536],{"class":59},[53,91299,91300,91302],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91301,300],{"class":273},[53,91303,35543],{"class":59},[20,91305,91306,91307,91311],{},"This works, and it uses ",[464,91308,91309],{"href":41713},[15,91310,41716],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91313,91314],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[44,91316,91318],{"className":46,"code":91317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91319,91320,91352,91356,91368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91321,91322,91324,91326,91328,91330,91332,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346,91348,91350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91323,7144],{"class":59},[53,91325,64],{"class":63},[53,91327,2982],{"class":67},[53,91329,72],{"class":71},[53,91331,464],{"class":75},[53,91333,72],{"class":71},[53,91335,81],{"class":67},[53,91337,84],{"class":71},[53,91339,637],{"class":75},[53,91341,72],{"class":71},[53,91343,81],{"class":67},[53,91345,84],{"class":71},[53,91347,646],{"class":75},[53,91349,72],{"class":71},[53,91351,2995],{"class":67},[53,91353,91354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91355,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,91357,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91359,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91361,5322],{"class":59},[53,91363,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91365,5327],{"class":59},[53,91367,1120],{"class":67},[53,91369,91370,91372,91374,91376],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,91371,7435],{"class":131},[53,91373,116],{"class":67},[53,91375,22664],{"class":112},[53,91377,125],{"class":67},[20,91379,35945,91380,91385],{},[464,91381,91383],{"href":91382},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91384,35104],{}," is usually a better choice:",[44,91387,91389],{"className":46,"code":91388,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91390,91391,91423,91427,91447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91392,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405,91407,91409,91411,91413,91415,91417,91419,91421],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91394,7144],{"class":59},[53,91396,64],{"class":63},[53,91398,2982],{"class":67},[53,91400,72],{"class":71},[53,91402,464],{"class":75},[53,91404,72],{"class":71},[53,91406,81],{"class":67},[53,91408,84],{"class":71},[53,91410,637],{"class":75},[53,91412,72],{"class":71},[53,91414,81],{"class":67},[53,91416,84],{"class":71},[53,91418,646],{"class":75},[53,91420,72],{"class":71},[53,91422,2995],{"class":67},[53,91424,91425],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91426,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,91428,91429,91431,91433,91435,91437,91439,91441,91443,91445],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91430,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91432,35176],{"class":59},[53,91434,81],{"class":67},[53,91436,5322],{"class":59},[53,91438,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91440,35186],{"class":131},[53,91442,116],{"class":67},[53,91444,7175],{"class":112},[53,91446,7709],{"class":67},[53,91448,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,91450,7435],{"class":131},[53,91452,116],{"class":67},[53,91454,35201],{"class":112},[53,91456,81],{"class":67},[53,91458,28863],{"class":112},[53,91460,125],{"class":67},[20,91462,78477,91463,37],{},[464,91464,35958,91465,35961],{"href":35957},[15,91466,35104],{},[39,91468,91470,91471,91473],{"id":91469},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91472,35552],{}," to a list",[20,91475,91476,91478],{},[15,91477,35552],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91480,91481,91482,191],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91483,24135],{},[44,91485,91487],{"className":46,"code":91486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91488,91489],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91490,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91492,132],{"class":131},[53,91494,116],{"class":67},[53,91496,7460],{"class":550},[53,91498,116],{"class":67},[53,91500,59357],{"class":131},[53,91502,116],{"class":67},[53,91504,1412],{"class":273},[53,91506,2267],{"class":67},[20,91508,772],{},[44,91510,91512],{"className":46,"code":91511,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91513,91514],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91515,91516,91518,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91517,3260],{"class":67},[53,91519,1470],{"class":273},[53,91521,81],{"class":67},[53,91523,4858],{"class":273},[53,91525,81],{"class":67},[53,91527,279],{"class":273},[53,91529,2995],{"class":67},[20,91531,32665],{},[193,91533,91534,91539,91542],{},[196,91535,91536,91537,41440],{},"learning how ",[15,91538,35552],{},[196,91540,91541],{},"checking your values",[196,91543,91544],{},"debugging code",[20,91546,4832],{},[44,91548,91550],{"className":46,"code":91549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91551,91552,91566,91570,91580],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91553,91554,91556,91558,91560,91562,91564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91555,266],{"class":59},[53,91557,64],{"class":63},[53,91559,53429],{"class":131},[53,91561,116],{"class":67},[53,91563,1858],{"class":273},[53,91565,125],{"class":67},[53,91567,91568],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91569,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,91571,91572,91574,91576,91578],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91573,132],{"class":131},[53,91575,116],{"class":67},[53,91577,291],{"class":112},[53,91579,125],{"class":67},[53,91581,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,91583,132],{"class":131},[53,91585,116],{"class":67},[53,91587,7460],{"class":550},[53,91589,116],{"class":67},[53,91591,291],{"class":112},[53,91593,1377],{"class":67},[20,91595,772],{},[44,91597,91599],{"className":46,"code":91598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91600,91601,91615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91602,91603,91605,91607,91609,91611,91613],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91604,59357],{"class":131},[53,91606,116],{"class":67},[53,91608,1470],{"class":273},[53,91610,81],{"class":67},[53,91612,1811],{"class":273},[53,91614,125],{"class":67},[53,91616,91617,91619,91621,91623,91625,91627,91629,91631,91633],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91618,3260],{"class":67},[53,91620,1470],{"class":273},[53,91622,81],{"class":67},[53,91624,4858],{"class":273},[53,91626,81],{"class":67},[53,91628,279],{"class":273},[53,91630,81],{"class":67},[53,91632,284],{"class":273},[53,91634,2995],{"class":67},[20,91636,91637,91638,9952,91640,91643],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91639,59357],{},[15,91641,91642],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[39,91645,834],{"id":833},[20,91647,32894,91648,37],{},[15,91649,35552],{},[599,91651,91653],{"id":91652},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91655,91656],{},"Many beginners think this:",[44,91658,91660],{"className":46,"code":91659,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91661,91662],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91663,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676,91678,91680,91682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91665,132],{"class":131},[53,91667,116],{"class":67},[53,91669,7460],{"class":550},[53,91671,116],{"class":67},[53,91673,59357],{"class":131},[53,91675,116],{"class":67},[53,91677,274],{"class":273},[53,91679,81],{"class":67},[53,91681,3963],{"class":273},[53,91683,2267],{"class":67},[20,91685,91686],{},"will produce:",[44,91688,91690],{"className":46,"code":91689,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91691,91692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91693,91694,91696,91698,91700,91702,91704,91706,91708,91710,91712,91714],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91695,3260],{"class":67},[53,91697,274],{"class":273},[53,91699,81],{"class":67},[53,91701,279],{"class":273},[53,91703,81],{"class":67},[53,91705,284],{"class":273},[53,91707,81],{"class":67},[53,91709,1811],{"class":273},[53,91711,81],{"class":67},[53,91713,3963],{"class":273},[53,91715,2995],{"class":67},[20,91717,91718],{},"But the real output is:",[44,91720,91721],{"className":46,"code":52864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91722,91723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91724,91725,91727,91729,91731,91733,91735,91737,91739,91741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91726,3260],{"class":67},[53,91728,274],{"class":273},[53,91730,81],{"class":67},[53,91732,279],{"class":273},[53,91734,81],{"class":67},[53,91736,284],{"class":273},[53,91738,81],{"class":67},[53,91740,1811],{"class":273},[53,91742,2995],{"class":67},[20,91744,91745],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[599,91747,3937,91749,91751,91752],{"id":91748},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91750,90213],{}," starts at ",[15,91753,274],{},[20,91755,36820,91756,18320,91758,37],{},[15,91757,1470],{},[15,91759,274],{},[44,91761,91762],{"className":46,"code":90406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91763,91764],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91765,91766,91768,91770,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91767,132],{"class":131},[53,91769,116],{"class":67},[53,91771,7460],{"class":550},[53,91773,116],{"class":67},[53,91775,59357],{"class":131},[53,91777,116],{"class":67},[53,91779,1487],{"class":273},[53,91781,2267],{"class":67},[20,91783,772],{},[44,91785,91786],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91787,91788],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91789,91790,91792,91794,91796,91798,91800,91802,91804,91806,91808,91810],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91791,3260],{"class":67},[53,91793,1470],{"class":273},[53,91795,81],{"class":67},[53,91797,4858],{"class":273},[53,91799,81],{"class":67},[53,91801,279],{"class":273},[53,91803,81],{"class":67},[53,91805,284],{"class":273},[53,91807,81],{"class":67},[53,91809,1811],{"class":273},[53,91811,2995],{"class":67},[599,91813,91815],{"id":91814},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,91817,91818,91819,191],{},"This often happens with ",[15,91820,2313],{},[44,91822,91824],{"className":46,"code":91823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91825,91826,91845,91849,91866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91827,91828,91831,91833,91835,91837,91839,91841,91843],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91829,91830],{"class":59},"user_number ",[53,91832,64],{"class":63},[53,91834,7609],{"class":131},[53,91836,116],{"class":67},[53,91838,72],{"class":71},[53,91840,41226],{"class":75},[53,91842,72],{"class":71},[53,91844,125],{"class":67},[53,91846,91847],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91848,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,91850,91851,91853,91855,91857,91859,91861,91864],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91852,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91854,68907],{"class":59},[53,91856,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91858,53429],{"class":131},[53,91860,116],{"class":67},[53,91862,91863],{"class":112},"user_number",[53,91865,7709],{"class":67},[53,91867,91868,91870,91872,91874],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,91869,7435],{"class":131},[53,91871,116],{"class":67},[53,91873,35508],{"class":112},[53,91875,125],{"class":67},[20,91877,47868,91878,91880],{},[15,91879,2313],{}," returns a string.",[20,91882,10174],{},[44,91884,91886],{"className":46,"code":91885,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,91887,91888,91910,91914,91930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91889,91890,91892,91894,91896,91898,91900,91902,91904,91906,91908],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91891,91830],{"class":59},[53,91893,64],{"class":63},[53,91895,44633],{"class":550},[53,91897,116],{"class":67},[53,91899,41818],{"class":131},[53,91901,116],{"class":67},[53,91903,72],{"class":71},[53,91905,41226],{"class":75},[53,91907,72],{"class":71},[53,91909,1377],{"class":67},[53,91911,91912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,91913,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,91915,91916,91918,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,91917,5319],{"class":1105},[53,91919,68907],{"class":59},[53,91921,1067],{"class":1105},[53,91923,53429],{"class":131},[53,91925,116],{"class":67},[53,91927,91863],{"class":112},[53,91929,7709],{"class":67},[53,91931,91932,91934,91936,91938],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,91933,7435],{"class":131},[53,91935,116],{"class":67},[53,91937,35508],{"class":112},[53,91939,125],{"class":67},[20,91941,91942,91943,37],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[464,91944,49882,91945],{"href":49881},[15,91946,49885],{},[599,91948,91950,91951,91953,91954],{"id":91949},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,91952,35428],{}," smaller than ",[15,91955,74785],{},[20,91957,91958],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[44,91960,91961],{"className":46,"code":90888,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91962,91963],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91964,91965,91967,91969,91971,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,91966,132],{"class":131},[53,91968,116],{"class":67},[53,91970,7460],{"class":550},[53,91972,116],{"class":67},[53,91974,59357],{"class":131},[53,91976,116],{"class":67},[53,91978,274],{"class":273},[53,91980,81],{"class":67},[53,91982,3963],{"class":273},[53,91984,81],{"class":67},[53,91986,1574],{"class":63},[53,91988,274],{"class":273},[53,91990,2267],{"class":67},[20,91992,772],{},[44,91994,91995],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,91996,91997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,91998,91999],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92000,37650],{"class":67},[20,92002,92003],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[599,92005,24971,92007],{"id":92006},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92008,92009],{},"step = 0",[20,92011,76928],{},[44,92013,92015],{"className":46,"code":92014,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92016,92017],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92018,92019,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92020,59357],{"class":131},[53,92022,116],{"class":67},[53,92024,274],{"class":273},[53,92026,81],{"class":67},[53,92028,5366],{"class":273},[53,92030,81],{"class":67},[53,92032,3194],{"class":273},[53,92034,125],{"class":67},[20,92036,92037],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[599,92039,4062,92041,92043],{"id":92040},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92042,35552],{}," is not a list",[20,92045,92046],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[44,92048,92050],{"className":46,"code":92049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92051,92052],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92053,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92055,132],{"class":131},[53,92057,116],{"class":67},[53,92059,59357],{"class":131},[53,92061,116],{"class":67},[53,92063,1487],{"class":273},[53,92065,1377],{"class":67},[20,92067,772],{},[44,92069,92071],{"className":46,"code":92070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92072,92073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92074,92075,92077,92079,92081,92083,92085],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92076,59357],{"class":131},[53,92078,116],{"class":67},[53,92080,1470],{"class":273},[53,92082,81],{"class":67},[53,92084,3963],{"class":273},[53,92086,125],{"class":67},[20,92088,92089],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[44,92091,92092],{"className":46,"code":90406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92093,92094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92095,92096,92098,92100,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92097,132],{"class":131},[53,92099,116],{"class":67},[53,92101,7460],{"class":550},[53,92103,116],{"class":67},[53,92105,59357],{"class":131},[53,92107,116],{"class":67},[53,92109,1487],{"class":273},[53,92111,2267],{"class":67},[20,92113,772],{},[44,92115,92116],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,92117,92118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92119,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130,92132,92134,92136,92138,92140],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92121,3260],{"class":67},[53,92123,1470],{"class":273},[53,92125,81],{"class":67},[53,92127,4858],{"class":273},[53,92129,81],{"class":67},[53,92131,279],{"class":273},[53,92133,81],{"class":67},[53,92135,284],{"class":273},[53,92137,81],{"class":67},[53,92139,1811],{"class":273},[53,92141,2995],{"class":67},[39,92143,92145],{"id":92144},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92147,8243,92148,81699],{},[15,92149,35552],{},[44,92151,92153],{"className":46,"code":92152,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92154,92155,92169,92187,92209,92237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92156,92157,92159,92161,92163,92165,92167],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92158,132],{"class":131},[53,92160,116],{"class":67},[53,92162,59357],{"class":131},[53,92164,116],{"class":67},[53,92166,1487],{"class":273},[53,92168,1377],{"class":67},[53,92170,92171,92173,92175,92177,92179,92181,92183,92185],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92172,132],{"class":131},[53,92174,116],{"class":67},[53,92176,7460],{"class":550},[53,92178,116],{"class":67},[53,92180,59357],{"class":131},[53,92182,116],{"class":67},[53,92184,1487],{"class":273},[53,92186,2267],{"class":67},[53,92188,92189,92191,92193,92195,92197,92199,92201,92203,92205,92207],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,92190,132],{"class":131},[53,92192,116],{"class":67},[53,92194,7460],{"class":550},[53,92196,116],{"class":67},[53,92198,59357],{"class":131},[53,92200,116],{"class":67},[53,92202,300],{"class":273},[53,92204,81],{"class":67},[53,92206,5722],{"class":273},[53,92208,2267],{"class":67},[53,92210,92211,92213,92215,92217,92219,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,92212,132],{"class":131},[53,92214,116],{"class":67},[53,92216,7460],{"class":550},[53,92218,116],{"class":67},[53,92220,59357],{"class":131},[53,92222,116],{"class":67},[53,92224,1684],{"class":273},[53,92226,81],{"class":67},[53,92228,3194],{"class":273},[53,92230,81],{"class":67},[53,92232,1574],{"class":63},[53,92234,300],{"class":273},[53,92236,2267],{"class":67},[53,92238,92239,92241,92243,92245,92247,92249,92251,92253],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,92240,132],{"class":131},[53,92242,116],{"class":67},[53,92244,2578],{"class":550},[53,92246,116],{"class":67},[53,92248,59357],{"class":131},[53,92250,116],{"class":67},[53,92252,1487],{"class":273},[53,92254,2267],{"class":67},[20,92256,25363],{},[193,92258,92259,92262,92265],{},[196,92260,92261],{},"what values are being created",[196,92263,92264],{},"whether the direction is correct",[196,92266,92267,92268,23971],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92269,59357],{},[39,92271,1187],{"id":1186},[599,92273,1191,92275,92277],{"id":92274},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92276,35552],{}," include the last number?",[20,92279,92280],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[599,92282,4517,92284,92286,92287,1222],{"id":92283},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92285,90213],{}," start at ",[15,92288,1470],{},[20,92290,92291,92292,37],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92293,1470],{},[599,92295,1234,92297,92299],{"id":92296},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92298,35552],{}," count backward?",[20,92301,92302,92303,37],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92304,92305],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[599,92307,14263,92309,25398],{"id":92308},"is-range-a-list",[15,92310,35552],{},[20,92312,25401,92313,92315,92316,23292],{},[15,92314,59357],{}," object. Use ",[15,92317,92318],{},"list(range(...))",[599,92320,4517,92322,48042],{"id":92321},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92323,92324],{},"range(input())",[20,92326,92327,2842,92329,37],{},[15,92328,2313],{},[15,92330,92331],{},"int(input())",[39,92333,1244],{"id":1243},[193,92335,92336,92340,92346,92352,92358],{},[196,92337,92338],{},[464,92339,35384],{"href":35383},[196,92341,92342],{},[464,92343,2934,92344,2867],{"href":41713},[15,92345,41716],{},[196,92347,92348],{},[464,92349,2934,92350,2867],{"href":91382},[15,92351,35104],{},[196,92353,92354],{},[464,92355,36871,92356,35961],{"href":35957},[15,92357,35104],{},[196,92359,92360],{},[464,92361,49882,92362],{"href":49881},[15,92363,49885],{},[1276,92365,92366],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":92368},[92369,92370,92372,92378,92386,92393,92395,92407,92408,92420],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":90222,"depth":104,"text":92371},"What range() does",{"id":90315,"depth":104,"text":92373,"children":92374},"range() syntax",[92375,92376,92377],{"id":90395,"depth":128,"text":90398},{"id":90459,"depth":128,"text":90462},{"id":90527,"depth":128,"text":90530},{"id":90598,"depth":104,"text":90599,"children":92379},[92380,92381,92382,92383,92384],{"id":90605,"depth":128,"text":90213},{"id":90668,"depth":128,"text":90671},{"id":90732,"depth":128,"text":90735},{"id":90808,"depth":128,"text":90809},{"id":76172,"depth":128,"text":92385},"step cannot be 0",{"id":90967,"depth":104,"text":92387,"children":92388},"Using range() in a for loop",[92389,92390,92391],{"id":91069,"depth":128,"text":91070},{"id":91114,"depth":128,"text":91115},{"id":91194,"depth":128,"text":92392},"range() and indexing",{"id":91469,"depth":104,"text":92394},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":92396},[92397,92398,92400,92401,92403,92405],{"id":91652,"depth":128,"text":91653},{"id":91748,"depth":128,"text":92399},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":91814,"depth":128,"text":91815},{"id":91949,"depth":128,"text":92402},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92006,"depth":128,"text":92404},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92040,"depth":128,"text":92406},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92144,"depth":104,"text":92145},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":92409},[92410,92412,92414,92416,92418],{"id":92274,"depth":128,"text":92411},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92283,"depth":128,"text":92413},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92296,"depth":128,"text":92415},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92308,"depth":128,"text":92417},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92321,"depth":128,"text":92419},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90116,"description":92421},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92428,"title":92429,"body":92430,"description":94103,"extension":1312,"meta":94104,"navigation":383,"path":94105,"seo":94106,"stem":94107,"__hash__":94108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92431,"toc":94076},[92432,92441,92448,92465,92481,92483,92532,92540,92544,92547,92567,92569,92633,92635,92678,92681,92727,92729,92762,92772,92778,92786,92803,92805,92836,92838,92863,92868,92879,92882,92952,92954,92985,92990,92995,93012,93014,93065,93067,93100,93103,93110,93115,93119,93135,93137,93181,93183,93229,93232,93245,93250,93254,93268,93270,93321,93323,93356,93361,93363,93370,93372,93395,93397,93462,93464,93481,93484,93517,93519,93547,93557,93564,93568,93571,93589,93592,93620,93623,93641,93646,93652,93655,93677,93679,93707,93709,93712,93737,93740,93853,93855,93934,93936,93942,93947,93955,93963,93967,93970,93972,94005,94007,94015,94021,94028,94035,94038,94040,94073],[10,92433,2934,92435,9952,92437,92440],{"id":92434},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92436,35552],{},[15,92438,92439],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92442,92443,594,92445,92447],{},[15,92444,35552],{},[15,92446,92439],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[193,92449,92450,92458],{},[196,92451,92452,92454,92455],{},[15,92453,35552],{}," creates a ",[30,92456,92457],{},"range object",[196,92459,92460,92454,92462],{},[15,92461,92439],{},[30,92463,92464],{},"real list",[20,92466,92467,92468,92470,92471,92474,92475,92477,92478,92480],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92469,90213],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92472,92473],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92476,35552],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92479,92439],{}," when you actually need a list.",[39,92482,2968],{"id":2967},[44,92484,92486],{"className":46,"code":92485,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92487,92488,92502,92515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92489,92490,92492,92494,92496,92498,92500],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92491,266],{"class":59},[53,92493,64],{"class":63},[53,92495,53429],{"class":131},[53,92497,116],{"class":67},[53,92499,1487],{"class":273},[53,92501,125],{"class":67},[53,92503,92504,92506,92508,92510,92512],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92505,132],{"class":131},[53,92507,116],{"class":67},[53,92509,291],{"class":112},[53,92511,3021],{"class":67},[53,92513,92514],{"class":3024},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[53,92516,92517,92519,92521,92523,92525,92527,92529],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,92518,132],{"class":131},[53,92520,116],{"class":67},[53,92522,7460],{"class":550},[53,92524,116],{"class":67},[53,92526,291],{"class":112},[53,92528,4721],{"class":67},[53,92530,92531],{"class":3024},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92533,174,92534,92536,92537,92539],{},[15,92535,35552],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92538,92439],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[39,92541,92543],{"id":92542},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92545,92546],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[193,92548,92549,92556,92561,92564],{},[196,92550,92551,21330,92553,92555],{},[15,92552,35552],{},[30,92554,92457],{},", not a list",[196,92557,92558,92560],{},[15,92559,92439],{}," converts that range object into a list",[196,92562,92563],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[196,92565,92566],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92568,1559],{},[44,92570,92572],{"className":46,"code":92571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92573,92574,92589,92608,92612,92622],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92575,92576,92579,92581,92583,92585,92587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92577,92578],{"class":59},"r ",[53,92580,64],{"class":63},[53,92582,53429],{"class":131},[53,92584,116],{"class":67},[53,92586,1487],{"class":273},[53,92588,125],{"class":67},[53,92590,92591,92594,92596,92598,92600,92602,92604,92606],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92592,92593],{"class":59},"lst ",[53,92595,64],{"class":63},[53,92597,21913],{"class":550},[53,92599,116],{"class":67},[53,92601,59357],{"class":131},[53,92603,116],{"class":67},[53,92605,1487],{"class":273},[53,92607,1377],{"class":67},[53,92609,92610],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,92611,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,92613,92614,92616,92618,92620],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,92615,132],{"class":131},[53,92617,116],{"class":67},[53,92619,59864],{"class":112},[53,92621,125],{"class":67},[53,92623,92624,92626,92628,92631],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,92625,132],{"class":131},[53,92627,116],{"class":67},[53,92629,92630],{"class":112},"lst",[53,92632,125],{"class":67},[20,92634,772],{},[44,92636,92638],{"className":46,"code":92637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92639,92640,92654],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92641,92642,92644,92646,92648,92650,92652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92643,59357],{"class":131},[53,92645,116],{"class":67},[53,92647,1470],{"class":273},[53,92649,81],{"class":67},[53,92651,3963],{"class":273},[53,92653,125],{"class":67},[53,92655,92656,92658,92660,92662,92664,92666,92668,92670,92672,92674,92676],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92657,3260],{"class":67},[53,92659,1470],{"class":273},[53,92661,81],{"class":67},[53,92663,4858],{"class":273},[53,92665,81],{"class":67},[53,92667,279],{"class":273},[53,92669,81],{"class":67},[53,92671,284],{"class":273},[53,92673,81],{"class":67},[53,92675,1811],{"class":273},[53,92677,2995],{"class":67},[20,92679,92680],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[44,92682,92684],{"className":46,"code":92683,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92685,92686,92704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92687,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698,92700,92702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92689,132],{"class":131},[53,92691,116],{"class":67},[53,92693,2578],{"class":550},[53,92695,116],{"class":67},[53,92697,59357],{"class":131},[53,92699,116],{"class":67},[53,92701,1487],{"class":273},[53,92703,2267],{"class":67},[53,92705,92706,92708,92710,92712,92714,92716,92718,92720,92722,92724],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92707,132],{"class":131},[53,92709,116],{"class":67},[53,92711,2578],{"class":550},[53,92713,116],{"class":67},[53,92715,7460],{"class":550},[53,92717,116],{"class":67},[53,92719,59357],{"class":131},[53,92721,116],{"class":67},[53,92723,1487],{"class":273},[53,92725,92726],{"class":67},"))))\n",[20,92728,772],{},[44,92730,92732],{"className":46,"code":92731,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92733,92734,92748],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92735,92736,92738,92740,92742,92744,92746],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92737,2647],{"class":63},[53,92739,2650],{"class":1415},[53,92741,165],{"class":71},[53,92743,59357],{"class":75},[53,92745,156],{"class":71},[53,92747,2659],{"class":63},[53,92749,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92751,2647],{"class":63},[53,92753,2650],{"class":1415},[53,92755,165],{"class":71},[53,92757,7460],{"class":75},[53,92759,156],{"class":71},[53,92761,2659],{"class":63},[20,92763,92764,92765,92767,92768,37],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92766,35552],{}," works, see ",[464,92769,2934,92770,2867],{"href":92423},[15,92771,35552],{},[39,92773,183,92775,92777],{"id":92774},"what-range-gives-you",[15,92776,35552],{}," gives you",[20,92779,92780,92782,92783,92785],{},[15,92781,35552],{}," is most often used in ",[15,92784,5319],{}," loops.",[193,92787,92788,92791,92794,92797],{},[196,92789,92790],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[196,92792,92793],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[196,92795,92796],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[196,92798,92799,92800],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,92801,92802],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,92804,1559],{},[44,92806,92808],{"className":46,"code":92807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92809,92810,92826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92811,92812,92814,92816,92818,92820,92822,92824],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92813,5319],{"class":1105},[53,92815,68907],{"class":59},[53,92817,1067],{"class":1105},[53,92819,53429],{"class":131},[53,92821,116],{"class":67},[53,92823,1487],{"class":273},[53,92825,7709],{"class":67},[53,92827,92828,92830,92832,92834],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92829,7435],{"class":131},[53,92831,116],{"class":67},[53,92833,35508],{"class":112},[53,92835,125],{"class":67},[20,92837,772],{},[44,92839,92841],{"className":46,"code":92840,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,92842,92843,92847,92851,92855,92859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92844,92845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92846,46609],{"class":273},[53,92848,92849],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92850,46274],{"class":273},[53,92852,92853],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,92854,16415],{"class":273},[53,92856,92857],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,92858,45974],{"class":273},[53,92860,92861],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,92862,48008],{"class":273},[20,92864,20127,92865,92867],{},[15,92866,90213],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,92869,92870,92871,92873,92874,37],{},"This is one reason ",[15,92872,35552],{}," is so common with ",[464,92875,2934,92877,90244],{"href":92876},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,92878,5319],{},[20,92880,92881],{},"You can also inspect it:",[44,92883,92885],{"className":46,"code":92884,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,92886,92887,92909,92913,92923,92937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92888,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92890,92578],{"class":59},[53,92892,64],{"class":63},[53,92894,53429],{"class":131},[53,92896,116],{"class":67},[53,92898,300],{"class":273},[53,92900,81],{"class":67},[53,92902,5366],{"class":273},[53,92904,81],{"class":67},[53,92906,279],{"class":273},[53,92908,125],{"class":67},[53,92910,92911],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92912,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,92914,92915,92917,92919,92921],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,92916,132],{"class":131},[53,92918,116],{"class":67},[53,92920,59864],{"class":112},[53,92922,125],{"class":67},[53,92924,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933,92935],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,92926,132],{"class":131},[53,92928,116],{"class":67},[53,92930,10528],{"class":131},[53,92932,116],{"class":67},[53,92934,59864],{"class":112},[53,92936,1377],{"class":67},[53,92938,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92950],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,92940,132],{"class":131},[53,92942,116],{"class":67},[53,92944,79953],{"class":273},[53,92946,1115],{"class":1105},[53,92948,92949],{"class":112}," r",[53,92951,125],{"class":67},[20,92953,772],{},[44,92955,92957],{"className":46,"code":92956,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,92958,92959,92977,92981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,92960,92961,92963,92965,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,92962,59357],{"class":131},[53,92964,116],{"class":67},[53,92966,300],{"class":273},[53,92968,81],{"class":67},[53,92970,5366],{"class":273},[53,92972,81],{"class":67},[53,92974,279],{"class":273},[53,92976,125],{"class":67},[53,92978,92979],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,92980,48008],{"class":273},[53,92982,92983],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,92984,3340],{"class":938},[39,92986,183,92988,92777],{"id":92987},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,92989,92439],{},[20,92991,92992,92994],{},[15,92993,92439],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[193,92996,92997,93000,93003,93006],{},[196,92998,92999],{},"It creates all values at once",[196,93001,93002],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[196,93004,93005],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[196,93007,93008,93009,93011],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93010,35552],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93013,1559],{},[44,93015,93017],{"className":46,"code":93016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93018,93019,93037,93041,93051],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93020,93021,93023,93025,93027,93029,93031,93033,93035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93022,266],{"class":59},[53,93024,64],{"class":63},[53,93026,21913],{"class":550},[53,93028,116],{"class":67},[53,93030,59357],{"class":131},[53,93032,116],{"class":67},[53,93034,1487],{"class":273},[53,93036,1377],{"class":67},[53,93038,93039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93040,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,93042,93043,93045,93047,93049],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93044,132],{"class":131},[53,93046,116],{"class":67},[53,93048,291],{"class":112},[53,93050,125],{"class":67},[53,93052,93053,93055,93057,93059,93061,93063],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,93054,132],{"class":131},[53,93056,116],{"class":67},[53,93058,291],{"class":112},[53,93060,3260],{"class":67},[53,93062,300],{"class":273},[53,93064,3248],{"class":67},[20,93066,772],{},[44,93068,93070],{"className":46,"code":93069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93071,93072,93096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93073,93074,93076,93078,93080,93082,93084,93086,93088,93090,93092,93094],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93075,3260],{"class":67},[53,93077,1470],{"class":273},[53,93079,81],{"class":67},[53,93081,4858],{"class":273},[53,93083,81],{"class":67},[53,93085,279],{"class":273},[53,93087,81],{"class":67},[53,93089,284],{"class":273},[53,93091,81],{"class":67},[53,93093,1811],{"class":273},[53,93095,2995],{"class":67},[53,93097,93098],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93099,16415],{"class":273},[20,93101,93102],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93104,93105,93106,37],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[464,93107,2934,93108,2867],{"href":64207},[15,93109,24135],{},[39,93111,4319,93113],{"id":93112},"when-to-use-range",[15,93114,35552],{},[20,93116,174,93117,9968],{},[15,93118,35552],{},[193,93120,93121,93126,93129,93132],{},[196,93122,93123,93124,90973],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93125,5319],{},[196,93127,93128],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[196,93130,93131],{},"You are working with large sequences",[196,93133,93134],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93136,1559],{},[44,93138,93140],{"className":46,"code":93139,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93141,93142,93162],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93143,93144,93146,93148,93150,93152,93154,93156,93158,93160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93145,5319],{"class":1105},[53,93147,68907],{"class":59},[53,93149,1067],{"class":1105},[53,93151,53429],{"class":131},[53,93153,116],{"class":67},[53,93155,274],{"class":273},[53,93157,81],{"class":67},[53,93159,36996],{"class":273},[53,93161,7709],{"class":67},[53,93163,93164,93166,93168,93170,93173,93175,93177,93179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93165,7435],{"class":131},[53,93167,116],{"class":67},[53,93169,72],{"class":71},[53,93171,93172],{"class":75},"Count:",[53,93174,72],{"class":71},[53,93176,81],{"class":67},[53,93178,35484],{"class":112},[53,93180,125],{"class":67},[20,93182,772],{},[44,93184,93186],{"className":46,"code":93185,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93187,93188,93197,93205,93213,93221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93189,93190,93193,93195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93191,93192],{"class":59},"Count",[53,93194,191],{"class":67},[53,93196,28971],{"class":273},[53,93198,93199,93201,93203],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93200,93192],{"class":59},[53,93202,191],{"class":67},[53,93204,44946],{"class":273},[53,93206,93207,93209,93211],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93208,93192],{"class":59},[53,93210,191],{"class":67},[53,93212,1931],{"class":273},[53,93214,93215,93217,93219],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,93216,93192],{"class":59},[53,93218,191],{"class":67},[53,93220,23017],{"class":273},[53,93222,93223,93225,93227],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,93224,93192],{"class":59},[53,93226,191],{"class":67},[53,93228,34196],{"class":273},[20,93230,93231],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93233,93234,93235,93237,93238,61647,93240,37],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93236,35104],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93239,35951],{},[464,93241,35958,93243,35961],{"href":93242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93244,35104],{},[39,93246,4319,93248],{"id":93247},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93249,92439],{},[20,93251,174,93252,9968],{},[15,93253,92439],{},[193,93255,93256,93259,93262,93265],{},[196,93257,93258],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[196,93260,93261],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[196,93263,93264],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[196,93266,93267],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93269,1559],{},[44,93271,93273],{"className":46,"code":93272,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93274,93275,93293,93307,93311],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93276,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93278,266],{"class":59},[53,93280,64],{"class":63},[53,93282,21913],{"class":550},[53,93284,116],{"class":67},[53,93286,59357],{"class":131},[53,93288,116],{"class":67},[53,93290,1487],{"class":273},[53,93292,1377],{"class":67},[53,93294,93295,93297,93299,93301,93303,93305],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93296,291],{"class":59},[53,93298,37],{"class":67},[53,93300,12912],{"class":112},[53,93302,116],{"class":67},[53,93304,1487],{"class":273},[53,93306,125],{"class":67},[53,93308,93309],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93310,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,93312,93313,93315,93317,93319],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,93314,132],{"class":131},[53,93316,116],{"class":67},[53,93318,291],{"class":112},[53,93320,125],{"class":67},[20,93322,772],{},[44,93324,93326],{"className":46,"code":93325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93327,93328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93329,93330,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350,93352,93354],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93331,3260],{"class":67},[53,93333,1470],{"class":273},[53,93335,81],{"class":67},[53,93337,4858],{"class":273},[53,93339,81],{"class":67},[53,93341,279],{"class":273},[53,93343,81],{"class":67},[53,93345,284],{"class":273},[53,93347,81],{"class":67},[53,93349,1811],{"class":273},[53,93351,81],{"class":67},[53,93353,3963],{"class":273},[53,93355,2995],{"class":67},[20,93357,5422,93358,93360],{},[15,93359,291],{}," is a list.",[39,93362,14957],{"id":14956},[20,93364,93365,93367,93368,37],{},[15,93366,35552],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[30,93369,36950],{},[20,93371,1457],{},[193,93373,93374,93376,93381,93386,93389],{},[196,93375,21340],{},[196,93377,93378,93379],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93380,41716],{},[196,93382,93383,93384],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93385,1067],{},[196,93387,93388],{},"You can index it",[196,93390,93391,93392,93394],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93393,52011],{}," do not work on it",[20,93396,1559],{},[44,93398,93400],{"className":46,"code":93399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93401,93402,93416,93420,93434,93448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93403,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93405,92578],{"class":59},[53,93407,64],{"class":63},[53,93409,53429],{"class":131},[53,93411,116],{"class":67},[53,93413,1487],{"class":273},[53,93415,125],{"class":67},[53,93417,93418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93419,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,93421,93422,93424,93426,93428,93430,93432],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93423,132],{"class":131},[53,93425,116],{"class":67},[53,93427,59864],{"class":112},[53,93429,3260],{"class":67},[53,93431,300],{"class":273},[53,93433,3248],{"class":67},[53,93435,93436,93438,93440,93442,93444,93446],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,93437,132],{"class":131},[53,93439,116],{"class":67},[53,93441,10528],{"class":131},[53,93443,116],{"class":67},[53,93445,59864],{"class":112},[53,93447,1377],{"class":67},[53,93449,93450,93452,93454,93456,93458,93460],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,93451,132],{"class":131},[53,93453,116],{"class":67},[53,93455,1412],{"class":273},[53,93457,1115],{"class":1105},[53,93459,92949],{"class":112},[53,93461,125],{"class":67},[20,93463,772],{},[44,93465,93467],{"className":46,"code":93466,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93468,93469,93473,93477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93470,93471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93472,16415],{"class":273},[53,93474,93475],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93476,2302],{"class":273},[53,93478,93479],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93480,3340],{"class":938},[20,93482,93483],{},"Now compare that with this:",[44,93485,93487],{"className":46,"code":93486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93488,93489,93503],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93490,93491,93493,93495,93497,93499,93501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93492,92578],{"class":59},[53,93494,64],{"class":63},[53,93496,53429],{"class":131},[53,93498,116],{"class":67},[53,93500,1487],{"class":273},[53,93502,125],{"class":67},[53,93504,93505,93507,93509,93511,93513,93515],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93506,59864],{"class":59},[53,93508,37],{"class":67},[53,93510,12912],{"class":112},[53,93512,116],{"class":67},[53,93514,1487],{"class":273},[53,93516,125],{"class":67},[20,93518,772],{},[44,93520,93522],{"className":46,"code":93521,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93523,93524],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93525,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536,93538,93541,93543,93545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93527,25026],{"class":550},[53,93529,191],{"class":67},[53,93531,165],{"class":71},[53,93533,59357],{"class":75},[53,93535,156],{"class":71},[53,93537,23971],{"class":550},[53,93539,93540],{"class":59}," has no attribute ",[53,93542,156],{"class":71},[53,93544,12912],{"class":75},[53,93546,559],{"class":71},[20,93548,93549,93550,1540,93552,1544,93554,93556],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93551,52011],{},[15,93553,17],{},[15,93555,63671],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93558,93559,93560,37],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[464,93561,25034,93562],{"href":34774},[15,93563,33609],{},[39,93565,93567],{"id":93566},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93569,93570],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[44,93572,93573],{"className":46,"code":92049,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93574,93575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93576,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585,93587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93578,132],{"class":131},[53,93580,116],{"class":67},[53,93582,59357],{"class":131},[53,93584,116],{"class":67},[53,93586,1487],{"class":273},[53,93588,1377],{"class":67},[20,93590,93591],{},"to show:",[44,93593,93594],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93595,93596],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93597,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616,93618],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93599,3260],{"class":67},[53,93601,1470],{"class":273},[53,93603,81],{"class":67},[53,93605,4858],{"class":273},[53,93607,81],{"class":67},[53,93609,279],{"class":273},[53,93611,81],{"class":67},[53,93613,284],{"class":273},[53,93615,81],{"class":67},[53,93617,1811],{"class":273},[53,93619,2995],{"class":67},[20,93621,93622],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[44,93624,93625],{"className":46,"code":92070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93626,93627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93628,93629,93631,93633,93635,93637,93639],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93630,59357],{"class":131},[53,93632,116],{"class":67},[53,93634,1470],{"class":273},[53,93636,81],{"class":67},[53,93638,3963],{"class":273},[53,93640,125],{"class":67},[20,93642,3986,93643,93645],{},[30,93644,461],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93647,93648,93649,93651],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[30,93650,92457],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93653,93654],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[44,93656,93657],{"className":46,"code":90406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93658,93659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93660,93661,93663,93665,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93662,132],{"class":131},[53,93664,116],{"class":67},[53,93666,7460],{"class":550},[53,93668,116],{"class":67},[53,93670,59357],{"class":131},[53,93672,116],{"class":67},[53,93674,1487],{"class":273},[53,93676,2267],{"class":67},[20,93678,772],{},[44,93680,93681],{"className":46,"code":59380,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,93682,93683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93684,93685,93687,93689,93691,93693,93695,93697,93699,93701,93703,93705],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93686,3260],{"class":67},[53,93688,1470],{"class":273},[53,93690,81],{"class":67},[53,93692,4858],{"class":273},[53,93694,81],{"class":67},[53,93696,279],{"class":273},[53,93698,81],{"class":67},[53,93700,284],{"class":273},[53,93702,81],{"class":67},[53,93704,1811],{"class":273},[53,93706,2995],{"class":67},[39,93708,2185],{"id":2184},[20,93710,93711],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[193,93713,93714,93720,93723,93729],{},[196,93715,7785,93716,93719],{},[15,93717,93718],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[196,93721,93722],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[196,93724,93725,93726,93728],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93727,35552],{}," is iterable but not a list",[196,93730,7785,93731,93733,93734,93736],{},[15,93732,92439],{}," when plain ",[15,93735,35552],{}," would be simpler",[20,93738,93739],{},"These quick checks can help:",[44,93741,93743],{"className":46,"code":93742,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93744,93745,93759,93777,93795,93817,93835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93746,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93748,132],{"class":131},[53,93750,116],{"class":67},[53,93752,59357],{"class":131},[53,93754,116],{"class":67},[53,93756,1487],{"class":273},[53,93758,1377],{"class":67},[53,93760,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771,93773,93775],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93762,132],{"class":131},[53,93764,116],{"class":67},[53,93766,7460],{"class":550},[53,93768,116],{"class":67},[53,93770,59357],{"class":131},[53,93772,116],{"class":67},[53,93774,1487],{"class":273},[53,93776,2267],{"class":67},[53,93778,93779,93781,93783,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93780,132],{"class":131},[53,93782,116],{"class":67},[53,93784,2578],{"class":550},[53,93786,116],{"class":67},[53,93788,59357],{"class":131},[53,93790,116],{"class":67},[53,93792,1487],{"class":273},[53,93794,2267],{"class":67},[53,93796,93797,93799,93801,93803,93805,93807,93809,93811,93813,93815],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,93798,132],{"class":131},[53,93800,116],{"class":67},[53,93802,2578],{"class":550},[53,93804,116],{"class":67},[53,93806,7460],{"class":550},[53,93808,116],{"class":67},[53,93810,59357],{"class":131},[53,93812,116],{"class":67},[53,93814,1487],{"class":273},[53,93816,92726],{"class":67},[53,93818,93819,93821,93823,93825,93827,93829,93831,93833],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,93820,132],{"class":131},[53,93822,116],{"class":67},[53,93824,1412],{"class":273},[53,93826,1115],{"class":1105},[53,93828,53429],{"class":131},[53,93830,116],{"class":67},[53,93832,1487],{"class":273},[53,93834,1377],{"class":67},[53,93836,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849,93851],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,93838,132],{"class":131},[53,93840,116],{"class":67},[53,93842,10528],{"class":131},[53,93844,116],{"class":67},[53,93846,59357],{"class":131},[53,93848,116],{"class":67},[53,93850,1487],{"class":273},[53,93852,2267],{"class":67},[20,93854,772],{},[44,93856,93858],{"className":46,"code":93857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,93859,93860,93874,93898,93912,93926,93930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93861,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93863,59357],{"class":131},[53,93865,116],{"class":67},[53,93867,1470],{"class":273},[53,93869,81],{"class":67},[53,93871,3963],{"class":273},[53,93873,125],{"class":67},[53,93875,93876,93878,93880,93882,93884,93886,93888,93890,93892,93894,93896],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93877,3260],{"class":67},[53,93879,1470],{"class":273},[53,93881,81],{"class":67},[53,93883,4858],{"class":273},[53,93885,81],{"class":67},[53,93887,279],{"class":273},[53,93889,81],{"class":67},[53,93891,284],{"class":273},[53,93893,81],{"class":67},[53,93895,1811],{"class":273},[53,93897,2995],{"class":67},[53,93899,93900,93902,93904,93906,93908,93910],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,93901,2647],{"class":63},[53,93903,2650],{"class":1415},[53,93905,165],{"class":71},[53,93907,59357],{"class":75},[53,93909,156],{"class":71},[53,93911,2659],{"class":63},[53,93913,93914,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,93915,2647],{"class":63},[53,93917,2650],{"class":1415},[53,93919,165],{"class":71},[53,93921,7460],{"class":75},[53,93923,156],{"class":71},[53,93925,2659],{"class":63},[53,93927,93928],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,93929,3340],{"class":938},[53,93931,93932],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,93933,2302],{"class":273},[39,93935,1187],{"id":1186},[599,93937,14263,93939,93941],{"id":93938},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,93940,35552],{}," a list in Python?",[20,93943,45722,93944,93946],{},[15,93945,35552],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[599,93948,93950,93951,10458,93953,1222],{"id":93949},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,93952,35552],{},[15,93954,92439],{},[20,93956,93957,93959,93960,93962],{},[15,93958,35552],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,93961,92439],{}," creates a full list.",[599,93964,93966],{"id":93965},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,93968,93969],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,93971,1559],{},[44,93973,93975],{"className":46,"code":93974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,93976,93977,93991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,93978,93979,93981,93983,93985,93987,93989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,93980,92578],{"class":59},[53,93982,64],{"class":63},[53,93984,53429],{"class":131},[53,93986,116],{"class":67},[53,93988,1487],{"class":273},[53,93990,125],{"class":67},[53,93992,93993,93995,93997,93999,94001,94003],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,93994,132],{"class":131},[53,93996,116],{"class":67},[53,93998,59864],{"class":112},[53,94000,3260],{"class":67},[53,94002,274],{"class":273},[53,94004,3248],{"class":67},[20,94006,772],{},[44,94008,94009],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,94010,94011],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94012,94013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94014,46274],{"class":273},[599,94016,4517,94018,94020],{"id":94017},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94019,93718],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94022,94023,94024,94027],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94025,94026],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[599,94029,94031,94032,94034],{"id":94030},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94033,35552],{}," to a list?",[20,94036,94037],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[39,94039,1244],{"id":1243},[193,94041,94042,94048,94054,94061,94067],{},[196,94043,94044],{},[464,94045,2934,94046,2867],{"href":92423},[15,94047,35552],{},[196,94049,94050],{},[464,94051,2934,94052,2867],{"href":64207},[15,94053,24135],{},[196,94055,94056],{},[464,94057,2934,94058,94060],{"href":92876},[15,94059,5319],{}," loops explained",[196,94062,94063],{},[464,94064,36871,94065,35961],{"href":93242},[15,94066,35104],{},[196,94068,94069],{},[464,94070,25477,94071],{"href":34774},[15,94072,33609],{},[1276,94074,94075],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":94077},[94078,94079,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088,94089,94090,94091,94102],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":92542,"depth":104,"text":92543},{"id":92774,"depth":104,"text":94081},"What range() gives you",{"id":92987,"depth":104,"text":94083},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93112,"depth":104,"text":94085},"When to use range()",{"id":93247,"depth":104,"text":94087},"When to use list(range())",{"id":14956,"depth":104,"text":14957},{"id":93566,"depth":104,"text":93567},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":94092},[94093,94095,94097,94098,94100],{"id":93938,"depth":128,"text":94094},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":93949,"depth":128,"text":94096},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":93965,"depth":128,"text":93966},{"id":94017,"depth":128,"text":94099},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94030,"depth":128,"text":94101},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92429,"description":94103},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94110,"title":94111,"body":94112,"description":95548,"extension":1312,"meta":95549,"navigation":383,"path":95550,"seo":95551,"stem":95552,"__hash__":95553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94113,"toc":95514},[94114,94120,94125,94128,94142,94145,94147,94186,94188,94201,94209,94214,94230,94233,94235,94237,94258,94275,94278,94337,94339,94358,94363,94369,94372,94406,94408,94421,94424,94469,94471,94494,94501,94507,94510,94551,94553,94567,94570,94628,94630,94645,94658,94664,94670,94735,94737,94756,94758,94776,94779,94783,94789,94791,94824,94826,94839,94849,94852,94913,94915,94936,94939,94941,94957,94962,94966,94971,94976,95032,95034,95052,95055,95100,95102,95110,95115,95119,95133,95135,95167,95169,95178,95180,95184,95193,95196,95228,95230,95242,95245,95249,95254,95295,95297,95305,95308,95331,95335,95337,95346,95349,95402,95404,95413,95417,95422,95433,95435,95444,95447,95453,95456,95462,95472,95480,95487,95489,95511],[10,94115,2934,94117,2938],{"id":94116},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94118,94119],{},"round()",[20,94121,8491,94122,94124],{},[15,94123,94119],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94126,94127],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[193,94129,94130,94136],{},[196,94131,94132,94135],{},[15,94133,94134],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[196,94137,94138,94141],{},[15,94139,94140],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94143,94144],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[39,94146,42],{"id":41},[44,94148,94150],{"className":46,"code":94149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94151,94152,94168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94153,94154,94156,94158,94161,94163,94166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94155,132],{"class":131},[53,94157,116],{"class":67},[53,94159,94160],{"class":131},"round",[53,94162,116],{"class":67},[53,94164,94165],{"class":273},"3.14159",[53,94167,1377],{"class":67},[53,94169,94170,94172,94174,94176,94178,94180,94182,94184],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94171,132],{"class":131},[53,94173,116],{"class":67},[53,94175,94160],{"class":131},[53,94177,116],{"class":67},[53,94179,94165],{"class":273},[53,94181,81],{"class":67},[53,94183,279],{"class":273},[53,94185,1377],{"class":67},[20,94187,772],{},[44,94189,94191],{"className":46,"code":94190,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94192,94193,94197],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94194,94195],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94196,45974],{"class":273},[53,94198,94199],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94200,39531],{"class":273},[20,94202,174,94203,94205,94206,94208],{},[15,94204,94134],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94207,94140],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[39,94210,183,94212,186],{"id":94211},"what-round-does",[15,94213,94119],{},[193,94215,94216,94221,94224,94227],{},[196,94217,94218,94220],{},[15,94219,94119],{}," is a built-in Python function",[196,94222,94223],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[196,94225,94226],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[196,94228,94229],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94231,94232],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[39,94234,217],{"id":216},[20,94236,1510],{},[44,94238,94240],{"className":46,"code":94239,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94241,94242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94243,94244,94246,94248,94250,94253,94256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94245,94160],{"class":131},[53,94247,116],{"class":67},[53,94249,1592],{"class":112},[53,94251,94252],{"class":67},"[,",[53,94254,94255],{"class":112}," ndigits",[53,94257,3248],{"class":67},[193,94259,94260,94265,94270],{},[196,94261,94262,94264],{},[15,94263,1592],{}," is the value to round",[196,94266,94267,19395],{},[15,94268,94269],{},"ndigits",[196,94271,94272,94274],{},[15,94273,94269],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94276,94277],{},"Basic examples:",[44,94279,94281],{"className":46,"code":94280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94282,94283,94298,94316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94284,94285,94287,94289,94291,94293,94296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94286,132],{"class":131},[53,94288,116],{"class":67},[53,94290,94160],{"class":131},[53,94292,116],{"class":67},[53,94294,94295],{"class":273},"7.8",[53,94297,1377],{"class":67},[53,94299,94300,94302,94304,94306,94308,94310,94312,94314],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94301,132],{"class":131},[53,94303,116],{"class":67},[53,94305,94160],{"class":131},[53,94307,116],{"class":67},[53,94309,94295],{"class":273},[53,94311,81],{"class":67},[53,94313,4858],{"class":273},[53,94315,1377],{"class":67},[53,94317,94318,94320,94322,94324,94326,94329,94331,94333,94335],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94319,132],{"class":131},[53,94321,116],{"class":67},[53,94323,94160],{"class":131},[53,94325,116],{"class":67},[53,94327,94328],{"class":273},"1234",[53,94330,81],{"class":67},[53,94332,1574],{"class":63},[53,94334,300],{"class":273},[53,94336,1377],{"class":67},[20,94338,772],{},[44,94340,94342],{"className":46,"code":94341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94343,94344,94348,94353],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94345,94346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94347,1735],{"class":273},[53,94349,94350],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94351,94352],{"class":273},"7.8\n",[53,94354,94355],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94356,94357],{"class":273},"1200\n",[20,94359,94360,94361,37],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[464,94362,1774],{"href":1773},[39,94364,7785,94366,94368],{"id":94365},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94367,94119],{}," with one argument",[20,94370,94371],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[44,94373,94375],{"className":46,"code":94374,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94376,94377,94391],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94378,94379,94381,94383,94385,94387,94389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94380,132],{"class":131},[53,94382,116],{"class":67},[53,94384,94160],{"class":131},[53,94386,116],{"class":67},[53,94388,1716],{"class":273},[53,94390,1377],{"class":67},[53,94392,94393,94395,94397,94399,94401,94404],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94394,132],{"class":131},[53,94396,116],{"class":67},[53,94398,94160],{"class":131},[53,94400,116],{"class":67},[53,94402,94403],{"class":273},"4.8",[53,94405,1377],{"class":67},[20,94407,772],{},[44,94409,94411],{"className":46,"code":94410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4\n5\n",[15,94412,94413,94417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94414,94415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94416,48008],{"class":273},[53,94418,94419],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94420,2302],{"class":273},[20,94422,94423],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[44,94425,94427],{"className":46,"code":94426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94428,94429,94445,94455],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94430,94431,94433,94435,94438,94440,94443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94432,1582],{"class":59},[53,94434,64],{"class":63},[53,94436,94437],{"class":131}," round",[53,94439,116],{"class":67},[53,94441,94442],{"class":273},"10.2",[53,94444,125],{"class":67},[53,94446,94447,94449,94451,94453],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94448,132],{"class":131},[53,94450,116],{"class":67},[53,94452,1617],{"class":112},[53,94454,125],{"class":67},[53,94456,94457,94459,94461,94463,94465,94467],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94458,132],{"class":131},[53,94460,116],{"class":67},[53,94462,2578],{"class":550},[53,94464,116],{"class":67},[53,94466,1617],{"class":112},[53,94468,1377],{"class":67},[20,94470,772],{},[44,94472,94474],{"className":46,"code":94473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94475,94476,94480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94477,94478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94479,1730],{"class":273},[53,94481,94482,94484,94486,94488,94490,94492],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94483,2647],{"class":63},[53,94485,2650],{"class":1415},[53,94487,165],{"class":71},[53,94489,1539],{"class":75},[53,94491,156],{"class":71},[53,94493,2659],{"class":63},[20,94495,94496,94497,37],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[464,94498,2934,94499,2867],{"href":2230},[15,94500,2233],{},[39,94502,7785,94504,94506],{"id":94503},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94505,94119],{}," with decimal places",[20,94508,94509],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[44,94511,94513],{"className":46,"code":94512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94514,94515,94533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94516,94517,94519,94521,94523,94525,94527,94529,94531],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94518,132],{"class":131},[53,94520,116],{"class":67},[53,94522,94160],{"class":131},[53,94524,116],{"class":67},[53,94526,94165],{"class":273},[53,94528,81],{"class":67},[53,94530,279],{"class":273},[53,94532,1377],{"class":67},[53,94534,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545,94547,94549],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94536,132],{"class":131},[53,94538,116],{"class":67},[53,94540,94160],{"class":131},[53,94542,116],{"class":67},[53,94544,94165],{"class":273},[53,94546,81],{"class":67},[53,94548,284],{"class":273},[53,94550,1377],{"class":67},[20,94552,772],{},[44,94554,94556],{"className":46,"code":94555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94557,94558,94562],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94559,94560],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94561,39531],{"class":273},[53,94563,94564],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94565,94566],{"class":273},"3.142\n",[20,94568,94569],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[44,94571,94573],{"className":46,"code":94572,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94574,94575,94584,94603,94607,94617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94576,94577,94579,94581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94578,39741],{"class":59},[53,94580,64],{"class":63},[53,94582,94583],{"class":273}," 19.9876\n",[53,94585,94586,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597,94599,94601],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94587,94588],{"class":59},"rounded_price ",[53,94590,64],{"class":63},[53,94592,94437],{"class":131},[53,94594,116],{"class":67},[53,94596,24504],{"class":112},[53,94598,81],{"class":67},[53,94600,279],{"class":273},[53,94602,125],{"class":67},[53,94604,94605],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94606,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,94608,94609,94611,94613,94615],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,94610,132],{"class":131},[53,94612,116],{"class":67},[53,94614,24504],{"class":112},[53,94616,125],{"class":67},[53,94618,94619,94621,94623,94626],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,94620,132],{"class":131},[53,94622,116],{"class":67},[53,94624,94625],{"class":112},"rounded_price",[53,94627,125],{"class":67},[20,94629,772],{},[44,94631,94633],{"className":46,"code":94632,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94634,94635,94640],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94636,94637],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94638,94639],{"class":273},"19.9876\n",[53,94641,94642],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94643,94644],{"class":273},"19.99\n",[20,94646,94647,94648,94651,94652,1219,94654,37],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94649,94650],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[464,94653,40246],{"href":40245},[464,94655,2934,94656,2867],{"href":2236},[15,94657,2239],{},[39,94659,94661,94662],{"id":94660},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94663,94269],{},[20,94665,94666,94667,94669],{},"A negative ",[15,94668,94269],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[44,94671,94673],{"className":46,"code":94672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94674,94675,94695,94715],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94676,94677,94679,94681,94683,94685,94687,94689,94691,94693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94678,132],{"class":131},[53,94680,116],{"class":67},[53,94682,94160],{"class":131},[53,94684,116],{"class":67},[53,94686,94328],{"class":273},[53,94688,81],{"class":67},[53,94690,1574],{"class":63},[53,94692,274],{"class":273},[53,94694,1377],{"class":67},[53,94696,94697,94699,94701,94703,94705,94707,94709,94711,94713],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94698,132],{"class":131},[53,94700,116],{"class":67},[53,94702,94160],{"class":131},[53,94704,116],{"class":67},[53,94706,94328],{"class":273},[53,94708,81],{"class":67},[53,94710,1574],{"class":63},[53,94712,300],{"class":273},[53,94714,1377],{"class":67},[53,94716,94717,94719,94721,94723,94725,94727,94729,94731,94733],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94718,132],{"class":131},[53,94720,116],{"class":67},[53,94722,94160],{"class":131},[53,94724,116],{"class":67},[53,94726,94328],{"class":273},[53,94728,81],{"class":67},[53,94730,1574],{"class":63},[53,94732,1412],{"class":273},[53,94734,1377],{"class":67},[20,94736,772],{},[44,94738,94740],{"className":46,"code":94739,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94741,94742,94747,94751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94743,94744],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94745,94746],{"class":273},"1230\n",[53,94748,94749],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94750,94357],{"class":273},[53,94752,94753],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94754,94755],{"class":273},"1000\n",[20,94757,64943],{},[193,94759,94760,94765,94771],{},[196,94761,94762,94764],{},[15,94763,65213],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[196,94766,94767,94770],{},[15,94768,94769],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[196,94772,94773,94775],{},[15,94774,47028],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,94777,94778],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[39,94780,94782],{"id":94781},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,94784,94785,94786,37],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,94787,94788],{},".5",[20,94790,4832],{},[44,94792,94794],{"className":46,"code":94793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,94795,94796,94810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94797,94798,94800,94802,94804,94806,94808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94799,132],{"class":131},[53,94801,116],{"class":67},[53,94803,94160],{"class":131},[53,94805,116],{"class":67},[53,94807,40513],{"class":273},[53,94809,1377],{"class":67},[53,94811,94812,94814,94816,94818,94820,94822],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94813,132],{"class":131},[53,94815,116],{"class":67},[53,94817,94160],{"class":131},[53,94819,116],{"class":67},[53,94821,1390],{"class":273},[53,94823,1377],{"class":67},[20,94825,772],{},[44,94827,94829],{"className":46,"code":94828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n4\n",[15,94830,94831,94835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94832,94833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94834,16415],{"class":273},[53,94836,94837],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94838,48008],{"class":273},[20,94840,94841,94842,94845,94846,94848],{},"Python uses ",[30,94843,94844],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,94847,94788],{}," situations.",[20,94850,94851],{},"More examples:",[44,94853,94855],{"className":46,"code":94854,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,94856,94857,94871,94885,94899],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94858,94859,94861,94863,94865,94867,94869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94860,132],{"class":131},[53,94862,116],{"class":67},[53,94864,94160],{"class":131},[53,94866,116],{"class":67},[53,94868,40526],{"class":273},[53,94870,1377],{"class":67},[53,94872,94873,94875,94877,94879,94881,94883],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94874,132],{"class":131},[53,94876,116],{"class":67},[53,94878,94160],{"class":131},[53,94880,116],{"class":67},[53,94882,40513],{"class":273},[53,94884,1377],{"class":67},[53,94886,94887,94889,94891,94893,94895,94897],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94888,132],{"class":131},[53,94890,116],{"class":67},[53,94892,94160],{"class":131},[53,94894,116],{"class":67},[53,94896,1390],{"class":273},[53,94898,1377],{"class":67},[53,94900,94901,94903,94905,94907,94909,94911],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,94902,132],{"class":131},[53,94904,116],{"class":67},[53,94906,94160],{"class":131},[53,94908,116],{"class":67},[53,94910,40478],{"class":273},[53,94912,1377],{"class":67},[20,94914,772],{},[44,94916,94918],{"className":46,"code":94917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,94919,94920,94924,94928,94932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94921,94922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94923,16415],{"class":273},[53,94925,94926],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94927,16415],{"class":273},[53,94929,94930],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94931,48008],{"class":273},[53,94933,94934],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,94935,48008],{"class":273},[20,94937,94938],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,94940,10080],{},[193,94942,94943,94950],{},[196,94944,94945,1484,94948],{},[15,94946,94947],{},"round(2.5)",[15,94949,300],{},[196,94951,94952,1484,94955],{},[15,94953,94954],{},"round(3.5)",[15,94956,1858],{},[20,94958,2525,94959,94961],{},[15,94960,94788],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[39,94963,94965],{"id":94964},"return-values","Return values",[20,94967,94968,94970],{},[15,94969,94119],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,94972,40260,94973,94975],{},[30,94974,461],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[44,94977,94979],{"className":46,"code":94978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,94980,94981,94990,94994,95004,95022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,94982,94983,94985,94987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,94984,1801],{"class":59},[53,94986,64],{"class":63},[53,94988,94989],{"class":273}," 3.14159\n",[53,94991,94992],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,94993,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,94995,94996,94998,95000,95002],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,94997,132],{"class":131},[53,94999,116],{"class":67},[53,95001,236],{"class":112},[53,95003,125],{"class":67},[53,95005,95006,95008,95010,95012,95014,95016,95018,95020],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,95007,132],{"class":131},[53,95009,116],{"class":67},[53,95011,94160],{"class":131},[53,95013,116],{"class":67},[53,95015,236],{"class":112},[53,95017,81],{"class":67},[53,95019,279],{"class":273},[53,95021,1377],{"class":67},[53,95023,95024,95026,95028,95030],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,95025,132],{"class":131},[53,95027,116],{"class":67},[53,95029,236],{"class":112},[53,95031,125],{"class":67},[20,95033,772],{},[44,95035,95037],{"className":46,"code":95036,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95038,95039,95044,95048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95040,95041],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95042,95043],{"class":273},"3.14159\n",[53,95045,95046],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95047,39531],{"class":273},[53,95049,95050],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95051,95043],{"class":273},[20,95053,95054],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[44,95056,95058],{"className":46,"code":95057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95059,95060,95068,95086,95090],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95061,95062,95064,95066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95063,1801],{"class":59},[53,95065,64],{"class":63},[53,95067,94989],{"class":273},[53,95069,95070,95072,95074,95076,95078,95080,95082,95084],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95071,1801],{"class":59},[53,95073,64],{"class":63},[53,95075,94437],{"class":131},[53,95077,116],{"class":67},[53,95079,236],{"class":112},[53,95081,81],{"class":67},[53,95083,279],{"class":273},[53,95085,125],{"class":67},[53,95087,95088],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95089,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,95091,95092,95094,95096,95098],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,95093,132],{"class":131},[53,95095,116],{"class":67},[53,95097,236],{"class":112},[53,95099,125],{"class":67},[20,95101,772],{},[44,95103,95104],{"className":46,"code":39531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95105,95106],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95107,95108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95109,39531],{"class":273},[39,95111,4319,95113],{"id":95112},"when-to-use-round",[15,95114,94119],{},[20,95116,174,95117,5680],{},[15,95118,94119],{},[193,95120,95121,95124,95127,95130],{},[196,95122,95123],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[196,95125,95126],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[196,95128,95129],{},"Round values before reporting results",[196,95131,95132],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95134,4832],{},[44,95136,95138],{"className":46,"code":95137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95139,95140,95149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95141,95142,95144,95146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95143,1950],{"class":59},[53,95145,64],{"class":63},[53,95147,95148],{"class":273}," 12.67891\n",[53,95150,95151,95153,95155,95157,95159,95161,95163,95165],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95152,132],{"class":131},[53,95154,116],{"class":67},[53,95156,94160],{"class":131},[53,95158,116],{"class":67},[53,95160,1973],{"class":112},[53,95162,81],{"class":67},[53,95164,279],{"class":273},[53,95166,1377],{"class":67},[20,95168,772],{},[44,95170,95172],{"className":46,"code":95171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"12.68\n",[15,95173,95174],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95175,95176],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95177,95171],{"class":273},[39,95179,2185],{"id":2184},[20,95181,22448,95182,37],{},[15,95183,94119],{},[599,95185,838,95187,95189,95190,95192],{"id":95186},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95188,94119],{}," to always round ",[15,95191,94788],{}," upward",[20,95194,95195],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[44,95197,95198],{"className":46,"code":94793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95199,95200,95214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95201,95202,95204,95206,95208,95210,95212],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95203,132],{"class":131},[53,95205,116],{"class":67},[53,95207,94160],{"class":131},[53,95209,116],{"class":67},[53,95211,40513],{"class":273},[53,95213,1377],{"class":67},[53,95215,95216,95218,95220,95222,95224,95226],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95217,132],{"class":131},[53,95219,116],{"class":67},[53,95221,94160],{"class":131},[53,95223,116],{"class":67},[53,95225,1390],{"class":273},[53,95227,1377],{"class":67},[20,95229,772],{},[44,95231,95232],{"className":46,"code":94828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95233,95234,95238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95235,95236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95237,16415],{"class":273},[53,95239,95240],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95241,48008],{"class":273},[20,95243,95244],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[599,95246,95248],{"id":95247},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95250,95251,95253],{},[15,95252,94119],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[44,95255,95257],{"className":46,"code":95256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95258,95259,95267,95281,95285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95260,95261,95263,95265],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95262,1801],{"class":59},[53,95264,64],{"class":63},[53,95266,94989],{"class":273},[53,95268,95269,95271,95273,95275,95277,95279],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95270,94160],{"class":131},[53,95272,116],{"class":67},[53,95274,236],{"class":112},[53,95276,81],{"class":67},[53,95278,279],{"class":273},[53,95280,125],{"class":67},[53,95282,95283],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95284,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,95286,95287,95289,95291,95293],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,95288,132],{"class":131},[53,95290,116],{"class":67},[53,95292,236],{"class":112},[53,95294,125],{"class":67},[20,95296,772],{},[44,95298,95299],{"className":46,"code":95043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,95300,95301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95302,95303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95304,95043],{"class":273},[20,95306,95307],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[44,95309,95311],{"className":46,"code":95310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95312,95313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95314,95315,95317,95319,95321,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95316,1801],{"class":59},[53,95318,64],{"class":63},[53,95320,94437],{"class":131},[53,95322,116],{"class":67},[53,95324,236],{"class":112},[53,95326,81],{"class":67},[53,95328,279],{"class":273},[53,95330,125],{"class":67},[599,95332,95334],{"id":95333},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95336,15761],{},[44,95338,95340],{"className":46,"code":95339,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95341,95342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95343,95344],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95345,95339],{"class":3024},[20,95347,95348],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[44,95350,95352],{"className":46,"code":95351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95353,95354,95366,95380,95384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95355,95356,95358,95360,95362,95364],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95357,34042],{"class":59},[53,95359,64],{"class":63},[53,95361,84],{"class":71},[53,95363,39497],{"class":75},[53,95365,2715],{"class":71},[53,95367,95368,95370,95372,95374,95376,95378],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95369,1569],{"class":59},[53,95371,64],{"class":63},[53,95373,39609],{"class":550},[53,95375,116],{"class":67},[53,95377,34063],{"class":112},[53,95379,125],{"class":67},[53,95381,95382],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95383,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,95385,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,95387,132],{"class":131},[53,95389,116],{"class":67},[53,95391,94160],{"class":131},[53,95393,116],{"class":67},[53,95395,1592],{"class":112},[53,95397,81],{"class":67},[53,95399,4858],{"class":273},[53,95401,1377],{"class":67},[20,95403,772],{},[44,95405,95407],{"className":46,"code":95406,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.1\n",[15,95408,95409],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95410,95411],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95412,95406],{"class":273},[599,95414,95416],{"id":95415},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95418,95419,95421],{},[15,95420,94119],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95423,95424,95425,1219,95429,37],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[464,95426,95427],{"href":2236},[15,95428,2239],{},[464,95430,95431],{"href":2230},[15,95432,2233],{},[39,95434,1187],{"id":1186},[599,95436,1191,95438,95440,95441,95443],{"id":95437},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95439,94119],{}," always round ",[15,95442,39568],{}," up?",[20,95445,95446],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[599,95448,1191,95450,95452],{"id":95449},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95451,94119],{}," change the original number?",[20,95454,95455],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[599,95457,1234,95459,95461],{"id":95458},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95460,94119],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95463,95464,95465,95467,95468,1219,95470,37],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95466,94269],{}," value like ",[15,95469,65213],{},[15,95471,94769],{},[599,95473,27684,95475,95477,95478,1222],{"id":95474},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95476,94119],{}," on a string like ",[15,95479,47452],{},[20,95481,95482,95483,1219,95485,37],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95484,2239],{},[15,95486,2233],{},[39,95488,1244],{"id":1243},[193,95490,95491,95497,95503,95507],{},[196,95492,95493],{},[464,95494,2934,95495,2867],{"href":2236},[15,95496,2239],{},[196,95498,95499],{},[464,95500,2934,95501,2867],{"href":2230},[15,95502,2233],{},[196,95504,95505],{},[464,95506,1774],{"href":1773},[196,95508,95509],{},[464,95510,41536],{"href":40245},[1276,95512,95513],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":95515},[95516,95517,95519,95520,95522,95524,95526,95527,95528,95530,95537,95547],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":94211,"depth":104,"text":95518},"What round() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":94365,"depth":104,"text":95521},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94503,"depth":104,"text":95523},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94660,"depth":104,"text":95525},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":94781,"depth":104,"text":94782},{"id":94964,"depth":104,"text":94965},{"id":95112,"depth":104,"text":95529},"When to use round()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":95531},[95532,95534,95535,95536],{"id":95186,"depth":128,"text":95533},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95247,"depth":128,"text":95248},{"id":95333,"depth":128,"text":95334},{"id":95415,"depth":128,"text":95416},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":95538},[95539,95541,95543,95545],{"id":95437,"depth":128,"text":95540},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95449,"depth":128,"text":95542},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95458,"depth":128,"text":95544},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95474,"depth":128,"text":95546},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94111,"description":95548},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95555,"title":95556,"body":95557,"description":96734,"extension":1312,"meta":96735,"navigation":383,"path":96736,"seo":96737,"stem":96738,"__hash__":96739},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95558,"toc":96708},[95559,95565,95571,95574,95576,95625,95629,95654,95659,95664,95669,95681,95691,95693,95712,95714,95730,95733,95744,95746,95748,95809,95813,95846,95853,95860,95863,95896,95899,95903,95906,95959,95963,95984,95990,95997,96004,96065,96073,96150,96154,96166,96174,96176,96182,96188,96192,96245,96248,96306,96310,96318,96321,96325,96328,96338,96340,96437,96440,96451,96454,96497,96501,96525,96528,96534,96536,96540,96564,96566,96633,96642,96644,96649,96654,96658,96661,96665,96672,96676,96681,96683,96699,96705],[10,95560,13,95562,18],{"id":95561},"python-set-add-method",[15,95563,95564],{},"add()",[20,95566,95567,95570],{},[15,95568,95569],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95572,95573],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,95575,42],{"id":41},[44,95577,95579],{"className":46,"code":95578,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95580,95581,95601,95615],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95582,95583,95585,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595,95597,95599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95584,266],{"class":59},[53,95586,64],{"class":63},[53,95588,68],{"class":67},[53,95590,274],{"class":273},[53,95592,81],{"class":67},[53,95594,279],{"class":273},[53,95596,81],{"class":67},[53,95598,284],{"class":273},[53,95600,101],{"class":67},[53,95602,95603,95605,95607,95609,95611,95613],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95604,291],{"class":59},[53,95606,37],{"class":67},[53,95608,81465],{"class":112},[53,95610,116],{"class":67},[53,95612,1858],{"class":273},[53,95614,125],{"class":67},[53,95616,95617,95619,95621,95623],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95618,132],{"class":131},[53,95620,116],{"class":67},[53,95622,291],{"class":112},[53,95624,125],{"class":67},[20,95626,95627],{},[30,95628,772],{},[44,95630,95632],{"className":46,"code":95631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95633,95634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95635,95636,95638,95640,95642,95644,95646,95648,95650,95652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95637,153],{"class":67},[53,95639,274],{"class":273},[53,95641,81],{"class":67},[53,95643,279],{"class":273},[53,95645,81],{"class":67},[53,95647,284],{"class":273},[53,95649,81],{"class":67},[53,95651,1811],{"class":273},[53,95653,101],{"class":67},[20,95655,174,95656,95658],{},[15,95657,95564],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[39,95660,183,95662,186],{"id":95661},"what-setadd-does",[15,95663,95569],{},[20,95665,95666,95668],{},[15,95667,95569],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[193,95670,95671,95674,95676,95678],{},[196,95672,95673],{},"Adds one item to a set",[196,95675,201],{},[196,95677,204],{},[196,95679,95680],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95682,95683,95684,1219,95688,37],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[464,95685,95687],{"href":95686},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[464,95689,467],{"href":95690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set",[39,95692,217],{"id":216},[44,95694,95696],{"className":46,"code":95695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95697,95698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95699,95700,95702,95704,95706,95708,95710],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95701,227],{"class":59},[53,95703,37],{"class":67},[53,95705,81465],{"class":112},[53,95707,116],{"class":67},[53,95709,22664],{"class":112},[53,95711,125],{"class":67},[20,95713,10824],{},[193,95715,95716,95721,95724],{},[196,95717,55266,95718,95720],{},[15,95719,95564],{}," on an existing set",[196,95722,95723],{},"Pass exactly one item",[196,95725,95726,95727],{},"The item must be ",[30,95728,95729],{},"hashable",[20,95731,95732],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[193,95734,95735,95737,95739,95742],{},[196,95736,55819],{},[196,95738,55822],{},[196,95740,95741],{},"Tuples",[196,95743,39949],{},[39,95745,337],{"id":336},[20,95747,10842],{},[44,95749,95751],{"className":46,"code":95750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95752,95753,95777,95795,95799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95754,95755,95757,95759,95761,95763,95765,95767,95769,95771,95773,95775],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95756,60],{"class":59},[53,95758,64],{"class":63},[53,95760,68],{"class":67},[53,95762,72],{"class":71},[53,95764,76],{"class":75},[53,95766,72],{"class":71},[53,95768,81],{"class":67},[53,95770,84],{"class":71},[53,95772,87],{"class":75},[53,95774,72],{"class":71},[53,95776,101],{"class":67},[53,95778,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95780,107],{"class":59},[53,95782,37],{"class":67},[53,95784,81465],{"class":112},[53,95786,116],{"class":67},[53,95788,72],{"class":71},[53,95790,96],{"class":75},[53,95792,72],{"class":71},[53,95794,125],{"class":67},[53,95796,95797],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95798,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,95800,95801,95803,95805,95807],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,95802,132],{"class":131},[53,95804,116],{"class":67},[53,95806,107],{"class":112},[53,95808,125],{"class":67},[20,95810,95811],{},[30,95812,143],{},[44,95814,95816],{"className":46,"code":95815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,95817,95818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95819,95820,95822,95824,95826,95828,95830,95832,95834,95836,95838,95840,95842,95844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95821,153],{"class":67},[53,95823,156],{"class":71},[53,95825,76],{"class":75},[53,95827,156],{"class":71},[53,95829,81],{"class":67},[53,95831,165],{"class":71},[53,95833,96],{"class":75},[53,95835,156],{"class":71},[53,95837,81],{"class":67},[53,95839,165],{"class":71},[53,95841,87],{"class":75},[53,95843,156],{"class":71},[53,95845,101],{"class":67},[20,95847,95848,95849,95852],{},"The new value ",[15,95850,95851],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,95854,95855,95856,95859],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[30,95857,95858],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,95861,95862],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[44,95864,95866],{"className":46,"code":95865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,95867,95868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95869,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884,95886,95888,95890,95892,95894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95871,153],{"class":67},[53,95873,156],{"class":71},[53,95875,87],{"class":75},[53,95877,156],{"class":71},[53,95879,81],{"class":67},[53,95881,165],{"class":71},[53,95883,76],{"class":75},[53,95885,156],{"class":71},[53,95887,81],{"class":67},[53,95889,165],{"class":71},[53,95891,96],{"class":75},[53,95893,156],{"class":71},[53,95895,101],{"class":67},[20,95897,95898],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[39,95900,95902],{"id":95901},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,95904,95905],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[44,95907,95909],{"className":46,"code":95908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95910,95911,95931,95945,95949],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95912,95913,95915,95917,95919,95921,95923,95925,95927,95929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95914,266],{"class":59},[53,95916,64],{"class":63},[53,95918,68],{"class":67},[53,95920,274],{"class":273},[53,95922,81],{"class":67},[53,95924,279],{"class":273},[53,95926,81],{"class":67},[53,95928,284],{"class":273},[53,95930,101],{"class":67},[53,95932,95933,95935,95937,95939,95941,95943],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,95934,291],{"class":59},[53,95936,37],{"class":67},[53,95938,81465],{"class":112},[53,95940,116],{"class":67},[53,95942,300],{"class":273},[53,95944,125],{"class":67},[53,95946,95947],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,95948,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,95950,95951,95953,95955,95957],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,95952,132],{"class":131},[53,95954,116],{"class":67},[53,95956,291],{"class":112},[53,95958,125],{"class":67},[20,95960,95961],{},[30,95962,772],{},[44,95964,95966],{"className":46,"code":95965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,95967,95968],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,95969,95970,95972,95974,95976,95978,95980,95982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,95971,153],{"class":67},[53,95973,274],{"class":273},[53,95975,81],{"class":67},[53,95977,279],{"class":273},[53,95979,81],{"class":67},[53,95981,284],{"class":273},[53,95983,101],{"class":67},[20,95985,95986,95987,95989],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,95988,300],{}," was already present.",[39,95991,95993,9952,95995],{"id":95992},"add-vs-update",[15,95994,95564],{},[15,95996,14314],{},[20,95998,174,95999,96001,96002,37],{},[15,96000,95564],{}," when you want to add ",[30,96003,52015],{},[44,96005,96007],{"className":46,"code":96006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96008,96009,96033,96051,96055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96010,96011,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027,96029,96031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96012,620],{"class":59},[53,96014,64],{"class":63},[53,96016,68],{"class":67},[53,96018,72],{"class":71},[53,96020,464],{"class":75},[53,96022,72],{"class":71},[53,96024,81],{"class":67},[53,96026,84],{"class":71},[53,96028,637],{"class":75},[53,96030,72],{"class":71},[53,96032,101],{"class":67},[53,96034,96035,96037,96039,96041,96043,96045,96047,96049],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96036,655],{"class":59},[53,96038,37],{"class":67},[53,96040,81465],{"class":112},[53,96042,116],{"class":67},[53,96044,72],{"class":71},[53,96046,646],{"class":75},[53,96048,72],{"class":71},[53,96050,125],{"class":67},[53,96052,96053],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96054,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96056,96057,96059,96061,96063],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96058,132],{"class":131},[53,96060,116],{"class":67},[53,96062,655],{"class":112},[53,96064,125],{"class":67},[20,96066,174,96067,96001,96069,96072],{},[15,96068,14314],{},[30,96070,96071],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[44,96074,96076],{"className":46,"code":96075,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96077,96078,96102,96136,96140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96079,96080,96082,96084,96086,96088,96090,96092,96094,96096,96098,96100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96081,620],{"class":59},[53,96083,64],{"class":63},[53,96085,68],{"class":67},[53,96087,72],{"class":71},[53,96089,464],{"class":75},[53,96091,72],{"class":71},[53,96093,81],{"class":67},[53,96095,84],{"class":71},[53,96097,637],{"class":75},[53,96099,72],{"class":71},[53,96101,101],{"class":67},[53,96103,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128,96130,96132,96134],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96105,655],{"class":59},[53,96107,37],{"class":67},[53,96109,29817],{"class":112},[53,96111,2341],{"class":67},[53,96113,72],{"class":71},[53,96115,646],{"class":75},[53,96117,72],{"class":71},[53,96119,81],{"class":67},[53,96121,84],{"class":71},[53,96123,666],{"class":75},[53,96125,72],{"class":71},[53,96127,81],{"class":67},[53,96129,84],{"class":71},[53,96131,59806],{"class":75},[53,96133,72],{"class":71},[53,96135,3248],{"class":67},[53,96137,96138],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96139,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96141,96142,96144,96146,96148],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96143,132],{"class":131},[53,96145,116],{"class":67},[53,96147,655],{"class":112},[53,96149,125],{"class":67},[599,96151,96153],{"id":96152},"key-difference","Key difference",[193,96155,96156,96161],{},[196,96157,96158,96160],{},[15,96159,95564],{}," adds one item",[196,96162,96163,96165],{},[15,96164,14314],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96167,96168,96169,37],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[464,96170,827,96172,830],{"href":96171},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method",[15,96173,14314],{},[39,96175,16778],{"id":16777},[20,96177,96178,1751,96180,37],{},[15,96179,95569],{},[15,96181,849],{},[20,96183,96184,96185,96187],{},"That means you should ",[30,96186,461],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[599,96189,96191],{"id":96190},"correct","Correct",[44,96193,96195],{"className":46,"code":96194,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96196,96197,96217,96231,96235],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96198,96199,96201,96203,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96200,14989],{"class":59},[53,96202,64],{"class":63},[53,96204,68],{"class":67},[53,96206,274],{"class":273},[53,96208,81],{"class":67},[53,96210,279],{"class":273},[53,96212,81],{"class":67},[53,96214,284],{"class":273},[53,96216,101],{"class":67},[53,96218,96219,96221,96223,96225,96227,96229],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96220,227],{"class":59},[53,96222,37],{"class":67},[53,96224,81465],{"class":112},[53,96226,116],{"class":67},[53,96228,1858],{"class":273},[53,96230,125],{"class":67},[53,96232,96233],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96234,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96236,96237,96239,96241,96243],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96238,132],{"class":131},[53,96240,116],{"class":67},[53,96242,227],{"class":112},[53,96244,125],{"class":67},[599,96246,96247],{"id":61128},"Wrong",[44,96249,96251],{"className":46,"code":96250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96252,96253,96273,96292,96296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96254,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265,96267,96269,96271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96256,14989],{"class":59},[53,96258,64],{"class":63},[53,96260,68],{"class":67},[53,96262,274],{"class":273},[53,96264,81],{"class":67},[53,96266,279],{"class":273},[53,96268,81],{"class":67},[53,96270,284],{"class":273},[53,96272,101],{"class":67},[53,96274,96275,96277,96279,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96276,14989],{"class":59},[53,96278,64],{"class":63},[53,96280,96281],{"class":59}," my_set",[53,96283,37],{"class":67},[53,96285,81465],{"class":112},[53,96287,116],{"class":67},[53,96289,1858],{"class":273},[53,96291,125],{"class":67},[53,96293,96294],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96295,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96297,96298,96300,96302,96304],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96299,132],{"class":131},[53,96301,116],{"class":67},[53,96303,227],{"class":112},[53,96305,125],{"class":67},[20,96307,96308],{},[30,96309,772],{},[44,96311,96312],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,96313,96314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96315,96316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96317,931],{"class":938},[20,96319,96320],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[39,96322,96324],{"id":96323},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96326,96327],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[193,96329,96330,96332,96334,96336],{},[196,96331,55819],{},[196,96333,55822],{},[196,96335,95741],{},[196,96337,39949],{},[20,96339,1559],{},[44,96341,96343],{"className":46,"code":96342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96344,96345,96355,96359,96373,96391,96409,96423,96427],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96346,96347,96349,96351,96353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96348,7144],{"class":59},[53,96350,64],{"class":63},[53,96352,14994],{"class":550},[53,96354,8011],{"class":67},[53,96356,96357],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96358,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96360,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96362,7175],{"class":59},[53,96364,37],{"class":67},[53,96366,81465],{"class":112},[53,96368,116],{"class":67},[53,96370,1684],{"class":273},[53,96372,125],{"class":67},[53,96374,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96376,7175],{"class":59},[53,96378,37],{"class":67},[53,96380,81465],{"class":112},[53,96382,116],{"class":67},[53,96384,72],{"class":71},[53,96386,3206],{"class":75},[53,96388,72],{"class":71},[53,96390,125],{"class":67},[53,96392,96393,96395,96397,96399,96401,96403,96405,96407],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,96394,7175],{"class":59},[53,96396,37],{"class":67},[53,96398,81465],{"class":112},[53,96400,4871],{"class":67},[53,96402,274],{"class":273},[53,96404,81],{"class":67},[53,96406,279],{"class":273},[53,96408,1377],{"class":67},[53,96410,96411,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,96412,7175],{"class":59},[53,96414,37],{"class":67},[53,96416,81465],{"class":112},[53,96418,116],{"class":67},[53,96420,2963],{"class":938},[53,96422,125],{"class":67},[53,96424,96425],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,96426,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96428,96429,96431,96433,96435],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,96430,132],{"class":131},[53,96432,116],{"class":67},[53,96434,7175],{"class":112},[53,96436,125],{"class":67},[20,96438,96439],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[193,96441,96442,96445,96448],{},[196,96443,96444],{},"Lists",[196,96446,96447],{},"Dictionaries",[196,96449,96450],{},"Sets",[20,96452,96453],{},"Example that causes an error:",[44,96455,96457],{"className":46,"code":96456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96458,96459,96479],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96460,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475,96477],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96462,7144],{"class":59},[53,96464,64],{"class":63},[53,96466,68],{"class":67},[53,96468,274],{"class":273},[53,96470,81],{"class":67},[53,96472,279],{"class":273},[53,96474,81],{"class":67},[53,96476,284],{"class":273},[53,96478,101],{"class":67},[53,96480,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489,96491,96493,96495],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96482,7175],{"class":59},[53,96484,37],{"class":67},[53,96486,81465],{"class":112},[53,96488,2341],{"class":67},[53,96490,1858],{"class":273},[53,96492,81],{"class":67},[53,96494,3963],{"class":273},[53,96496,3248],{"class":67},[20,96498,96499],{},[30,96500,29037],{},[44,96502,96504],{"className":46,"code":96503,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96505,96506],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96507,96508,96510,96512,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96509,2360],{"class":550},[53,96511,191],{"class":67},[53,96513,96514],{"class":59}," unhashable ",[53,96516,2578],{"class":550},[53,96518,191],{"class":67},[53,96520,165],{"class":71},[53,96522,7460],{"class":75},[53,96524,559],{"class":71},[20,96526,96527],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96529,96530,96531,37],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96532,96533],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[39,96535,2185],{"id":2184},[20,96537,14093,96538,191],{},[15,96539,95569],{},[193,96541,96542,96547,96551,96554,96561],{},[196,96543,7785,96544,96546],{},[15,96545,95564],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[196,96548,838,96549,841],{},[15,96550,95564],{},[196,96552,96553],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[196,96555,1151,96556,96558,96559],{},[15,96557,95569],{}," with list ",[15,96560,52011],{},[196,96562,96563],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96565,70865],{},[44,96567,96569],{"className":46,"code":96568,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96570,96571,96581,96595,96605,96619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96572,96573,96575,96577,96579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96574,132],{"class":131},[53,96576,116],{"class":67},[53,96578,227],{"class":112},[53,96580,125],{"class":67},[53,96582,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96584,132],{"class":131},[53,96586,116],{"class":67},[53,96588,2578],{"class":550},[53,96590,116],{"class":67},[53,96592,227],{"class":112},[53,96594,1377],{"class":67},[53,96596,96597,96599,96601,96603],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96598,132],{"class":131},[53,96600,116],{"class":67},[53,96602,236],{"class":112},[53,96604,125],{"class":67},[53,96606,96607,96609,96611,96613,96615,96617],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96608,132],{"class":131},[53,96610,116],{"class":67},[53,96612,2578],{"class":550},[53,96614,116],{"class":67},[53,96616,236],{"class":112},[53,96618,1377],{"class":67},[53,96620,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,96622,31506],{"class":131},[53,96624,116],{"class":67},[53,96626,5649],{"class":550},[53,96628,37],{"class":67},[53,96630,81465],{"class":24104},[53,96632,125],{"class":67},[20,96634,96635,96636,96638,96639,37],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96637,95569],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[464,96640,52408],{"href":96641},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[39,96643,1187],{"id":1186},[599,96645,1191,96647,1194],{"id":96646},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96648,95569],{},[20,96650,96651,96652,37],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96653,849],{},[599,96655,96657],{"id":96656},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96659,96660],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[599,96662,96664],{"id":96663},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96666,174,96667,10458,96670,37],{},[15,96668,96669],{},"set.update()",[15,96671,95564],{},[599,96673,96675],{"id":96674},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96677,96678,96679,37],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96680,2360],{},[39,96682,1244],{"id":1243},[193,96684,96685,96689,96693],{},[196,96686,96687],{},[464,96688,95687],{"href":95686},[196,96690,96691],{},[464,96692,1265],{"href":95690},[196,96694,96695],{},[464,96696,827,96697,830],{"href":96171},[15,96698,14314],{},[20,96700,96701,96702,96704],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96703,95564],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1276,96706,96707],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":96709},[96710,96711,96713,96714,96715,96716,96720,96724,96725,96726,96733],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":95661,"depth":104,"text":96712},"What set.add() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":95901,"depth":104,"text":95902},{"id":95992,"depth":104,"text":96717,"children":96718},"add() vs update()",[96719],{"id":96152,"depth":128,"text":96153},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778,"children":96721},[96722,96723],{"id":96190,"depth":128,"text":96191},{"id":61128,"depth":128,"text":96247},{"id":96323,"depth":104,"text":96324},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":96727},[96728,96730,96731,96732],{"id":96646,"depth":128,"text":96729},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96656,"depth":128,"text":96657},{"id":96663,"depth":128,"text":96664},{"id":96674,"depth":128,"text":96675},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95556,"description":96734},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96741,"title":96742,"body":96743,"description":97910,"extension":1312,"meta":97911,"navigation":383,"path":97912,"seo":97913,"stem":97914,"__hash__":97915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96744,"toc":97877},[96745,96750,96756,96763,96808,96810,96821,96826,96831,96835,96849,96854,96856,96858,96873,96875,96889,96891,96893,96958,96960,96970,96972,96990,96996,97003,97008,97082,97084,97101,97107,97112,97183,97185,97212,97229,97232,97237,97239,97246,97250,97317,97319,97334,97337,97390,97392,97400,97412,97414,97418,97423,97425,97474,97476,97484,97486,97531,97533,97543,97549,97557,97569,97575,97577,97606,97608,97626,97630,97633,97664,97666,97684,97688,97763,97765,97781,97788,97790,97795,97800,97806,97809,97813,97821,97828,97836,97838,97874],[10,96746,13,96748,18],{"id":96747},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96749,10687],{},[20,96751,96752,96755],{},[15,96753,96754],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96757,96758,96759,96762],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[30,96760,96761],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[44,96764,96766],{"className":46,"code":96765,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96767,96768,96788,96798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96769,96770,96772,96774,96776,96778,96780,96782,96784,96786],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96771,266],{"class":59},[53,96773,64],{"class":63},[53,96775,68],{"class":67},[53,96777,274],{"class":273},[53,96779,81],{"class":67},[53,96781,279],{"class":273},[53,96783,81],{"class":67},[53,96785,284],{"class":273},[53,96787,101],{"class":67},[53,96789,96790,96792,96794,96796],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96791,291],{"class":59},[53,96793,37],{"class":67},[53,96795,10748],{"class":112},[53,96797,8011],{"class":67},[53,96799,96800,96802,96804,96806],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96801,132],{"class":131},[53,96803,116],{"class":67},[53,96805,291],{"class":112},[53,96807,125],{"class":67},[20,96809,772],{},[44,96811,96813],{"className":46,"code":96812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n",[15,96814,96815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96816,96817,96819],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96818,5649],{"class":550},[53,96820,8011],{"class":67},[20,96822,96823,96825],{},[15,96824,10687],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[39,96827,183,96829,186],{"id":96828},"what-setclear-does",[15,96830,96754],{},[20,96832,1329,96833,10778],{},[15,96834,10687],{},[193,96836,96837,96840,96842,96846],{},[196,96838,96839],{},"Removes every item from a set",[196,96841,201],{},[196,96843,10789,96844],{},[15,96845,849],{},[196,96847,96848],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,96850,95683,96851,70964],{},[464,96852,95687],{"href":96853},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[39,96855,217],{"id":216},[20,96857,53806],{},[44,96859,96861],{"className":46,"code":96860,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,96862,96863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96864,96865,96867,96869,96871],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96866,227],{"class":59},[53,96868,37],{"class":67},[53,96870,10748],{"class":112},[53,96872,8011],{"class":67},[20,96874,12416],{},[193,96876,96877,96880,96883,96886],{},[196,96878,96879],{},"It takes no arguments",[196,96881,96882],{},"It empties the set",[196,96884,96885],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[196,96887,96888],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[39,96890,337],{"id":336},[20,96892,10842],{},[44,96894,96896],{"className":46,"code":96895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96897,96898,96930,96934,96944,96948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96899,96900,96902,96904,96906,96908,96910,96912,96914,96916,96918,96920,96922,96924,96926,96928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96901,60],{"class":59},[53,96903,64],{"class":63},[53,96905,68],{"class":67},[53,96907,72],{"class":71},[53,96909,76],{"class":75},[53,96911,72],{"class":71},[53,96913,81],{"class":67},[53,96915,84],{"class":71},[53,96917,96],{"class":75},[53,96919,72],{"class":71},[53,96921,81],{"class":67},[53,96923,84],{"class":71},[53,96925,87],{"class":75},[53,96927,72],{"class":71},[53,96929,101],{"class":67},[53,96931,96932],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,96933,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96935,96936,96938,96940,96942],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,96937,107],{"class":59},[53,96939,37],{"class":67},[53,96941,10748],{"class":112},[53,96943,8011],{"class":67},[53,96945,96946],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,96947,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,96949,96950,96952,96954,96956],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,96951,132],{"class":131},[53,96953,116],{"class":67},[53,96955,107],{"class":112},[53,96957,125],{"class":67},[20,96959,772],{},[44,96961,96962],{"className":46,"code":96812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,96963,96964],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,96965,96966,96968],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,96967,5649],{"class":550},[53,96969,8011],{"class":67},[20,96971,11048],{},[193,96973,96974,96979,96984],{},[196,96975,96976,96978],{},[15,96977,107],{}," starts with three values",[196,96980,96981,11061],{},[15,96982,96983],{},"colors.clear()",[196,96985,96986,96987,96989],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,96988,3157],{},", which means an empty set",[39,96991,96993,96995],{"id":96992},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,96994,10687],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,96997,96998,594,97000,97002],{},[15,96999,10687],{},[15,97001,3157],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[599,97004,7785,97006],{"id":97005},"using-clear",[15,97007,10687],{},[44,97009,97011],{"className":46,"code":97010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97012,97013,97033,97043,97047,97057,97061,97071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97014,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025,97027,97029,97031],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97016,7144],{"class":59},[53,97018,64],{"class":63},[53,97020,68],{"class":67},[53,97022,274],{"class":273},[53,97024,81],{"class":67},[53,97026,279],{"class":273},[53,97028,81],{"class":67},[53,97030,284],{"class":273},[53,97032,101],{"class":67},[53,97034,97035,97038,97040],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97036,97037],{"class":59},"other_name ",[53,97039,64],{"class":63},[53,97041,97042],{"class":59}," items\n",[53,97044,97045],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97046,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97048,97049,97051,97053,97055],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,97050,7175],{"class":59},[53,97052,37],{"class":67},[53,97054,10748],{"class":112},[53,97056,8011],{"class":67},[53,97058,97059],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,97060,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,97064,132],{"class":131},[53,97066,116],{"class":67},[53,97068,7175],{"class":112},[53,97070,125],{"class":67},[53,97072,97073,97075,97077,97080],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,97074,132],{"class":131},[53,97076,116],{"class":67},[53,97078,97079],{"class":112},"other_name",[53,97081,125],{"class":67},[20,97083,772],{},[44,97085,97087],{"className":46,"code":97086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97088,97089,97095],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97090,97091,97093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97092,5649],{"class":550},[53,97094,8011],{"class":67},[53,97096,97097,97099],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97098,5649],{"class":550},[53,97100,8011],{"class":67},[20,97102,97103,97104,37],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[30,97105,97106],{},"same set object",[599,97108,7785,97110],{"id":97109},"using-set",[15,97111,3157],{},[44,97113,97115],{"className":46,"code":97114,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97116,97117,97137,97145,97149,97159,97163,97173],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97118,97119,97121,97123,97125,97127,97129,97131,97133,97135],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97120,7144],{"class":59},[53,97122,64],{"class":63},[53,97124,68],{"class":67},[53,97126,274],{"class":273},[53,97128,81],{"class":67},[53,97130,279],{"class":273},[53,97132,81],{"class":67},[53,97134,284],{"class":273},[53,97136,101],{"class":67},[53,97138,97139,97141,97143],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97140,97037],{"class":59},[53,97142,64],{"class":63},[53,97144,97042],{"class":59},[53,97146,97147],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97148,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97150,97151,97153,97155,97157],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,97152,7144],{"class":59},[53,97154,64],{"class":63},[53,97156,14994],{"class":550},[53,97158,8011],{"class":67},[53,97160,97161],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,97162,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97164,97165,97167,97169,97171],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,97166,132],{"class":131},[53,97168,116],{"class":67},[53,97170,7175],{"class":112},[53,97172,125],{"class":67},[53,97174,97175,97177,97179,97181],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,97176,132],{"class":131},[53,97178,116],{"class":67},[53,97180,97079],{"class":112},[53,97182,125],{"class":67},[20,97184,772],{},[44,97186,97188],{"className":46,"code":97187,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97189,97190,97196],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97191,97192,97194],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97193,5649],{"class":550},[53,97195,8011],{"class":67},[53,97197,97198,97200,97202,97204,97206,97208,97210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97199,153],{"class":67},[53,97201,274],{"class":273},[53,97203,81],{"class":67},[53,97205,279],{"class":273},[53,97207,81],{"class":67},[53,97209,284],{"class":273},[53,97211,101],{"class":67},[20,97213,20127,97214,92454,97217,97220,97221,37,97223,97225,97226,97228],{},[15,97215,97216],{},"items = set()",[30,97218,97219],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97222,7175],{},[9213,97224],{},"\nBut ",[15,97227,97079],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97230,97231],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97233,97234,97235,37],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[464,97236,467],{"href":466},[39,97238,16778],{"id":16777},[20,97240,97241,13413,97243,97245],{},[15,97242,10687],{},[30,97244,461],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97247,4507,97248,37],{},[15,97249,849],{},[44,97251,97253],{"className":46,"code":97252,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97254,97255,97275,97279,97293,97297,97307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97256,97257,97259,97261,97263,97265,97267,97269,97271,97273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97258,266],{"class":59},[53,97260,64],{"class":63},[53,97262,68],{"class":67},[53,97264,274],{"class":273},[53,97266,81],{"class":67},[53,97268,279],{"class":273},[53,97270,81],{"class":67},[53,97272,284],{"class":273},[53,97274,101],{"class":67},[53,97276,97277],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97278,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97280,97281,97283,97285,97287,97289,97291],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97282,1582],{"class":59},[53,97284,64],{"class":63},[53,97286,3622],{"class":59},[53,97288,37],{"class":67},[53,97290,10748],{"class":112},[53,97292,8011],{"class":67},[53,97294,97295],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,97296,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97298,97299,97301,97303,97305],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,97300,132],{"class":131},[53,97302,116],{"class":67},[53,97304,1617],{"class":112},[53,97306,125],{"class":67},[53,97308,97309,97311,97313,97315],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,97310,132],{"class":131},[53,97312,116],{"class":67},[53,97314,291],{"class":112},[53,97316,125],{"class":67},[20,97318,772],{},[44,97320,97322],{"className":46,"code":97321,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"None\nset()\n",[15,97323,97324,97328],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97325,97326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97327,931],{"class":938},[53,97329,97330,97332],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97331,5649],{"class":550},[53,97333,8011],{"class":67},[20,97335,97336],{},"Do not do this:",[44,97338,97340],{"className":46,"code":97339,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97341,97342,97362,97376,97380],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97343,97344,97346,97348,97350,97352,97354,97356,97358,97360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97345,266],{"class":59},[53,97347,64],{"class":63},[53,97349,68],{"class":67},[53,97351,274],{"class":273},[53,97353,81],{"class":67},[53,97355,279],{"class":273},[53,97357,81],{"class":67},[53,97359,284],{"class":273},[53,97361,101],{"class":67},[53,97363,97364,97366,97368,97370,97372,97374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97365,266],{"class":59},[53,97367,64],{"class":63},[53,97369,3622],{"class":59},[53,97371,37],{"class":67},[53,97373,10748],{"class":112},[53,97375,8011],{"class":67},[53,97377,97378],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97379,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97381,97382,97384,97386,97388],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,97383,132],{"class":131},[53,97385,116],{"class":67},[53,97387,291],{"class":112},[53,97389,125],{"class":67},[20,97391,772],{},[44,97393,97394],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97395,97396],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97397,97398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97399,931],{"class":938},[20,97401,562,97402,1751,97404,97406,97407,97409,97410,37],{},[15,97403,53919],{},[15,97405,849],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97408,849],{}," back to ",[15,97411,291],{},[39,97413,834],{"id":833},[20,97415,10114,97416,37],{},[15,97417,96754],{},[599,97419,11959,97421],{"id":97420},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97422,10687],{},[20,97424,852],{},[44,97426,97428],{"className":46,"code":97427,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97429,97430,97450,97464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97431,97432,97434,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97433,14989],{"class":59},[53,97435,64],{"class":63},[53,97437,68],{"class":67},[53,97439,274],{"class":273},[53,97441,81],{"class":67},[53,97443,279],{"class":273},[53,97445,81],{"class":67},[53,97447,284],{"class":273},[53,97449,101],{"class":67},[53,97451,97452,97454,97456,97458,97460,97462],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97453,14989],{"class":59},[53,97455,64],{"class":63},[53,97457,96281],{"class":59},[53,97459,37],{"class":67},[53,97461,10748],{"class":112},[53,97463,8011],{"class":67},[53,97465,97466,97468,97470,97472],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97467,132],{"class":131},[53,97469,116],{"class":67},[53,97471,227],{"class":112},[53,97473,125],{"class":67},[20,97475,772],{},[44,97477,97478],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97479,97480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97481,97482],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97483,931],{"class":938},[20,97485,941],{},[44,97487,97489],{"className":46,"code":97488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97490,97491,97511,97521],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97492,97493,97495,97497,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97494,14989],{"class":59},[53,97496,64],{"class":63},[53,97498,68],{"class":67},[53,97500,274],{"class":273},[53,97502,81],{"class":67},[53,97504,279],{"class":273},[53,97506,81],{"class":67},[53,97508,284],{"class":273},[53,97510,101],{"class":67},[53,97512,97513,97515,97517,97519],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97514,227],{"class":59},[53,97516,37],{"class":67},[53,97518,10748],{"class":112},[53,97520,8011],{"class":67},[53,97522,97523,97525,97527,97529],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97524,132],{"class":131},[53,97526,116],{"class":67},[53,97528,227],{"class":112},[53,97530,125],{"class":67},[20,97532,772],{},[44,97534,97535],{"className":46,"code":96812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97536,97537],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97538,97539,97541],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97540,5649],{"class":550},[53,97542,8011],{"class":67},[599,97544,838,97546,97548],{"id":97545},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97547,10687],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97550,97551,97553,97554,97556],{},[15,97552,10687],{}," removes ",[30,97555,3076],{}," items from the set.",[20,97558,97559,97560,1219,97565,37],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[464,97561,97563],{"href":97562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97564,17],{},[464,97566,97567],{"href":1257},[15,97568,1260],{},[599,97570,7785,97572,97574],{"id":97571},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97573,3152],{}," for an empty set",[20,97576,25045],{},[44,97578,97580],{"className":46,"code":97579,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97581,97582,97591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97583,97584,97587,97589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97585,97586],{"class":59},"empty_value ",[53,97588,64],{"class":63},[53,97590,9205],{"class":67},[53,97592,97593,97595,97597,97599,97601,97604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97594,132],{"class":131},[53,97596,116],{"class":67},[53,97598,2578],{"class":550},[53,97600,116],{"class":67},[53,97602,97603],{"class":112},"empty_value",[53,97605,1377],{"class":67},[20,97607,772],{},[44,97609,97610],{"className":46,"code":8176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97611,97612],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97613,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622,97624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97615,2647],{"class":63},[53,97617,2650],{"class":1415},[53,97619,165],{"class":71},[53,97621,8189],{"class":75},[53,97623,156],{"class":71},[53,97625,2659],{"class":63},[20,97627,97628,8156],{},[15,97629,3152],{},[20,97631,97632],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[44,97634,97636],{"className":46,"code":97635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97637,97638,97649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97639,97640,97643,97645,97647],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97641,97642],{"class":59},"empty_set ",[53,97644,64],{"class":63},[53,97646,14994],{"class":550},[53,97648,8011],{"class":67},[53,97650,97651,97653,97655,97657,97659,97662],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97652,132],{"class":131},[53,97654,116],{"class":67},[53,97656,2578],{"class":550},[53,97658,116],{"class":67},[53,97660,97661],{"class":112},"empty_set",[53,97663,1377],{"class":67},[20,97665,772],{},[44,97667,97668],{"className":46,"code":8220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97669,97670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678,97680,97682],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97673,2647],{"class":63},[53,97675,2650],{"class":1415},[53,97677,165],{"class":71},[53,97679,5649],{"class":75},[53,97681,156],{"class":71},[53,97683,2659],{"class":63},[599,97685,97687],{"id":97686},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[44,97689,97691],{"className":46,"code":97690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97692,97693,97717,97725,97729,97739,97743,97753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97694,97695,97697,97699,97701,97703,97705,97707,97709,97711,97713,97715],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97696,1908],{"class":59},[53,97698,64],{"class":63},[53,97700,68],{"class":67},[53,97702,72],{"class":71},[53,97704,1524],{"class":75},[53,97706,72],{"class":71},[53,97708,81],{"class":67},[53,97710,84],{"class":71},[53,97712,11110],{"class":75},[53,97714,72],{"class":71},[53,97716,101],{"class":67},[53,97718,97719,97721,97723],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97720,1936],{"class":59},[53,97722,64],{"class":63},[53,97724,35529],{"class":59},[53,97726,97727],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97728,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97730,97731,97733,97735,97737],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,97732,464],{"class":59},[53,97734,37],{"class":67},[53,97736,10748],{"class":112},[53,97738,8011],{"class":67},[53,97740,97741],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,97742,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,97744,97745,97747,97749,97751],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,97746,132],{"class":131},[53,97748,116],{"class":67},[53,97750,464],{"class":112},[53,97752,125],{"class":67},[53,97754,97755,97757,97759,97761],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,97756,132],{"class":131},[53,97758,116],{"class":67},[53,97760,637],{"class":112},[53,97762,125],{"class":67},[20,97764,772],{},[44,97766,97767],{"className":46,"code":97086,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,97768,97769,97775],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97770,97771,97773],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97772,5649],{"class":550},[53,97774,8011],{"class":67},[53,97776,97777,97779],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97778,5649],{"class":550},[53,97780,8011],{"class":67},[20,97782,28417,97783,594,97785,97787],{},[15,97784,464],{},[15,97786,637],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[39,97789,1187],{"id":1186},[599,97791,4501,97793,4504],{"id":97792},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,97794,96754],{},[20,97796,4507,97797,97799],{},[15,97798,849],{},". It empties the set in place.",[599,97801,1191,97803,97805],{"id":97802},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,97804,10687],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,97807,97808],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[599,97810,97812],{"id":97811},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,97814,97815,97816,97818,97819,37],{},"You already have one after ",[15,97817,10687],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,97820,3157],{},[599,97822,4538,97824,594,97826,1222],{"id":97823},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,97825,10687],{},[15,97827,3157],{},[20,97829,97830,97832,97833,97835],{},[15,97831,10687],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,97834,3157],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[39,97837,1244],{"id":1243},[193,97839,97840,97844,97848,97855,97861,97867],{},[196,97841,97842],{},[464,97843,95687],{"href":96853},[196,97845,97846],{},[464,97847,1265],{"href":466},[196,97849,97850],{},[464,97851,827,97853,830],{"href":97852},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,97854,95564],{},[196,97856,97857],{},[464,97858,827,97859,830],{"href":97562},[15,97860,17],{},[196,97862,97863],{},[464,97864,827,97865,830],{"href":1257},[15,97866,1260],{},[196,97868,97869],{},[464,97870,827,97872,830],{"href":97871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,97873,14314],{},[1276,97875,97876],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":97878},[97879,97881,97882,97883,97890,97891,97900,97909],{"id":96828,"depth":104,"text":97880},"What set.clear() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":96992,"depth":104,"text":97884,"children":97885},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[97886,97888],{"id":97005,"depth":128,"text":97887},"Using clear()",{"id":97109,"depth":128,"text":97889},"Using set()",{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":97892},[97893,97895,97897,97899],{"id":97420,"depth":128,"text":97894},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97545,"depth":128,"text":97896},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97571,"depth":128,"text":97898},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97686,"depth":128,"text":97687},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":97901},[97902,97904,97906,97907],{"id":97792,"depth":128,"text":97903},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":97802,"depth":128,"text":97905},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":97811,"depth":128,"text":97812},{"id":97823,"depth":128,"text":97908},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96742,"description":97910},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":97917,"title":97918,"body":97919,"description":99748,"extension":1312,"meta":99749,"navigation":383,"path":95690,"seo":99750,"stem":99751,"__hash__":99752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":97920,"toc":99705},[97921,97924,97927,97930,97932,98035,98039,98086,98092,98094,98113,98117,98120,98122,98136,98145,98149,98152,98187,98191,98211,98214,98218,98221,98282,98286,98311,98318,98324,98329,98331,98343,98347,98396,98400,98424,98429,98433,98474,98478,98499,98503,98536,98540,98581,98584,98588,98593,98632,98636,98661,98666,98672,98709,98713,98736,98740,98742,98745,98748,98825,98829,98866,98869,98873,98879,98882,98892,98941,98947,98953,98980,98983,99005,99007,99038,99041,99045,99049,99088,99092,99155,99158,99191,99195,99220,99222,99225,99231,99234,99261,99264,99282,99286,99290,99293,99336,99339,99343,99346,99349,99379,99382,99386,99389,99404,99409,99413,99416,99505,99507,99510,99600,99603,99621,99623,99627,99637,99641,99649,99653,99656,99660,99663,99667,99670,99672,99699,99702],[10,97922,97918],{"id":97923},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,97925,97926],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,97928,97929],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[39,97931,2968],{"id":2967},[44,97933,97935],{"className":46,"code":97934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,97936,97937,97957,97991,98001,98005,98015,98025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,97938,97939,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949,97951,97953,97955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,97940,266],{"class":59},[53,97942,64],{"class":63},[53,97944,68],{"class":67},[53,97946,274],{"class":273},[53,97948,81],{"class":67},[53,97950,279],{"class":273},[53,97952,81],{"class":67},[53,97954,284],{"class":273},[53,97956,101],{"class":67},[53,97958,97959,97961,97963,97965,97967,97969,97971,97973,97975,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,97960,3431],{"class":59},[53,97962,64],{"class":63},[53,97964,14994],{"class":550},[53,97966,2341],{"class":67},[53,97968,72],{"class":71},[53,97970,356],{"class":75},[53,97972,72],{"class":71},[53,97974,81],{"class":67},[53,97976,84],{"class":71},[53,97978,365],{"class":75},[53,97980,72],{"class":71},[53,97982,81],{"class":67},[53,97984,84],{"class":71},[53,97986,356],{"class":75},[53,97988,72],{"class":71},[53,97990,3248],{"class":67},[53,97992,97993,97995,97997,97999],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,97994,97642],{"class":59},[53,97996,64],{"class":63},[53,97998,14994],{"class":550},[53,98000,8011],{"class":67},[53,98002,98003],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,98004,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,98006,98007,98009,98011,98013],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,98008,132],{"class":131},[53,98010,116],{"class":67},[53,98012,291],{"class":112},[53,98014,125],{"class":67},[53,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,98018,132],{"class":131},[53,98020,116],{"class":67},[53,98022,3473],{"class":112},[53,98024,125],{"class":67},[53,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,98028,132],{"class":131},[53,98030,116],{"class":67},[53,98032,97661],{"class":112},[53,98034,125],{"class":67},[20,98036,98037],{},[30,98038,772],{},[44,98040,98042],{"className":46,"code":98041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98043,98044,98060,98080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98045,98046,98048,98050,98052,98054,98056,98058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98047,153],{"class":67},[53,98049,274],{"class":273},[53,98051,81],{"class":67},[53,98053,279],{"class":273},[53,98055,81],{"class":67},[53,98057,284],{"class":273},[53,98059,101],{"class":67},[53,98061,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98063,153],{"class":67},[53,98065,156],{"class":71},[53,98067,365],{"class":75},[53,98069,156],{"class":71},[53,98071,81],{"class":67},[53,98073,165],{"class":71},[53,98075,356],{"class":75},[53,98077,156],{"class":71},[53,98079,101],{"class":67},[53,98081,98082,98084],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,98083,5649],{"class":550},[53,98085,8011],{"class":67},[20,98087,98088,98089,98091],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98090,3157],{}," for an empty set.",[39,98093,14523],{"id":14522},[193,98095,98096,98099,98104,98107,98110],{},[196,98097,98098],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[196,98100,98101,98102],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98103,3157],{},[196,98105,98106],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[196,98108,98109],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[196,98111,98112],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[39,98114,98116],{"id":98115},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98118,98119],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98121,29893],{},[193,98123,98124,98127,98130,98133],{},[196,98125,98126],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[196,98128,98129],{},"Sets are unordered",[196,98131,98132],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[196,98134,98135],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98137,98138,98139,1219,98141,37],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[464,98140,95687],{"href":96853},[464,98142,98144],{"href":98143},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[39,98146,98148],{"id":98147},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98150,98151],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[44,98153,98155],{"className":46,"code":98154,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98156,98157,98177],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98158,98159,98161,98163,98165,98167,98169,98171,98173,98175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98160,266],{"class":59},[53,98162,64],{"class":63},[53,98164,68],{"class":67},[53,98166,274],{"class":273},[53,98168,81],{"class":67},[53,98170,279],{"class":273},[53,98172,81],{"class":67},[53,98174,284],{"class":273},[53,98176,101],{"class":67},[53,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98180,132],{"class":131},[53,98182,116],{"class":67},[53,98184,291],{"class":112},[53,98186,125],{"class":67},[20,98188,98189],{},[30,98190,143],{},[44,98192,98193],{"className":46,"code":95965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98194,98195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98196,98197,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207,98209],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98198,153],{"class":67},[53,98200,274],{"class":273},[53,98202,81],{"class":67},[53,98204,279],{"class":273},[53,98206,81],{"class":67},[53,98208,284],{"class":273},[53,98210,101],{"class":67},[20,98212,98213],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[599,98215,98217],{"id":98216},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98219,98220],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[44,98222,98224],{"className":46,"code":98223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98225,98226,98258,98268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98227,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254,98256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98229,266],{"class":59},[53,98231,64],{"class":63},[53,98233,68],{"class":67},[53,98235,274],{"class":273},[53,98237,81],{"class":67},[53,98239,279],{"class":273},[53,98241,81],{"class":67},[53,98243,279],{"class":273},[53,98245,81],{"class":67},[53,98247,284],{"class":273},[53,98249,81],{"class":67},[53,98251,284],{"class":273},[53,98253,81],{"class":67},[53,98255,284],{"class":273},[53,98257,101],{"class":67},[53,98259,98260,98262,98264,98266],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98261,132],{"class":131},[53,98263,116],{"class":67},[53,98265,291],{"class":112},[53,98267,125],{"class":67},[53,98269,98270,98272,98274,98276,98278,98280],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,98271,132],{"class":131},[53,98273,116],{"class":67},[53,98275,10528],{"class":131},[53,98277,116],{"class":67},[53,98279,291],{"class":112},[53,98281,1377],{"class":67},[20,98283,98284],{},[30,98285,143],{},[44,98287,98289],{"className":46,"code":98288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98290,98291,98307],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98292,98293,98295,98297,98299,98301,98303,98305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98294,153],{"class":67},[53,98296,274],{"class":273},[53,98298,81],{"class":67},[53,98300,279],{"class":273},[53,98302,81],{"class":67},[53,98304,284],{"class":273},[53,98306,101],{"class":67},[53,98308,98309],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98310,45974],{"class":273},[20,98312,20334,98313,594,98315,98317],{},[15,98314,300],{},[15,98316,1412],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[39,98319,98321,98322],{"id":98320},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98323,3157],{},[20,98325,174,98326,98328],{},[15,98327,3157],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98330,4817],{},[193,98332,98333,98335,98337,98339],{},[196,98334,96444],{},[196,98336,95741],{},[196,98338,55822],{},[196,98340,98341],{},[15,98342,35552],{},[599,98344,98346],{"id":98345},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[44,98348,98350],{"className":46,"code":98349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98351,98352,98386],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98353,98354,98356,98358,98360,98362,98364,98366,98368,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98380,98382,98384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98355,266],{"class":59},[53,98357,64],{"class":63},[53,98359,14994],{"class":550},[53,98361,2341],{"class":67},[53,98363,274],{"class":273},[53,98365,81],{"class":67},[53,98367,279],{"class":273},[53,98369,81],{"class":67},[53,98371,279],{"class":273},[53,98373,81],{"class":67},[53,98375,284],{"class":273},[53,98377,81],{"class":67},[53,98379,284],{"class":273},[53,98381,81],{"class":67},[53,98383,1811],{"class":273},[53,98385,3248],{"class":67},[53,98387,98388,98390,98392,98394],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98389,132],{"class":131},[53,98391,116],{"class":67},[53,98393,291],{"class":112},[53,98395,125],{"class":67},[20,98397,98398],{},[30,98399,143],{},[44,98401,98402],{"className":46,"code":95631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98403,98404],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98405,98406,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98407,153],{"class":67},[53,98409,274],{"class":273},[53,98411,81],{"class":67},[53,98413,279],{"class":273},[53,98415,81],{"class":67},[53,98417,284],{"class":273},[53,98419,81],{"class":67},[53,98421,1811],{"class":273},[53,98423,101],{"class":67},[20,98425,98426,98427,37],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[464,98428,1173],{"href":1172},[599,98430,98432],{"id":98431},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[44,98434,98436],{"className":46,"code":98435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98437,98438,98464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98439,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450,98452,98454,98456,98458,98460,98462],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98441,3183],{"class":59},[53,98443,64],{"class":63},[53,98445,14994],{"class":550},[53,98447,4871],{"class":67},[53,98449,1684],{"class":273},[53,98451,81],{"class":67},[53,98453,7155],{"class":273},[53,98455,81],{"class":67},[53,98457,7155],{"class":273},[53,98459,81],{"class":67},[53,98461,7160],{"class":273},[53,98463,1377],{"class":67},[53,98465,98466,98468,98470,98472],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98467,132],{"class":131},[53,98469,116],{"class":67},[53,98471,4718],{"class":112},[53,98473,125],{"class":67},[20,98475,98476],{},[30,98477,143],{},[44,98479,98481],{"className":46,"code":98480,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98482,98483],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98484,98485,98487,98489,98491,98493,98495,98497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98486,153],{"class":67},[53,98488,1684],{"class":273},[53,98490,81],{"class":67},[53,98492,7155],{"class":273},[53,98494,81],{"class":67},[53,98496,7160],{"class":273},[53,98498,101],{"class":67},[599,98500,98502],{"id":98501},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[44,98504,98506],{"className":46,"code":98505,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98507,98508,98526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520,98522,98524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98511,620],{"class":59},[53,98513,64],{"class":63},[53,98515,14994],{"class":550},[53,98517,116],{"class":67},[53,98519,72],{"class":71},[53,98521,3206],{"class":75},[53,98523,72],{"class":71},[53,98525,125],{"class":67},[53,98527,98528,98530,98532,98534],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98529,132],{"class":131},[53,98531,116],{"class":67},[53,98533,655],{"class":112},[53,98535,125],{"class":67},[20,98537,98538],{},[30,98539,143],{},[44,98541,98543],{"className":46,"code":98542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98544,98545],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98546,98547,98549,98551,98553,98555,98557,98559,98561,98563,98565,98567,98569,98571,98573,98575,98577,98579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98548,153],{"class":67},[53,98550,156],{"class":71},[53,98552,59797],{"class":75},[53,98554,156],{"class":71},[53,98556,81],{"class":67},[53,98558,165],{"class":71},[53,98560,59806],{"class":75},[53,98562,156],{"class":71},[53,98564,81],{"class":67},[53,98566,165],{"class":71},[53,98568,59815],{"class":75},[53,98570,156],{"class":71},[53,98572,81],{"class":67},[53,98574,165],{"class":71},[53,98576,59832],{"class":75},[53,98578,156],{"class":71},[53,98580,101],{"class":67},[20,98582,98583],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[39,98585,98587],{"id":98586},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98589,98590,98591,37],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98592,3157],{},[44,98594,98596],{"className":46,"code":98595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98597,98598,98608,98618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98599,98600,98602,98604,98606],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98601,97642],{"class":59},[53,98603,64],{"class":63},[53,98605,14994],{"class":550},[53,98607,8011],{"class":67},[53,98609,98610,98612,98614,98616],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98611,132],{"class":131},[53,98613,116],{"class":67},[53,98615,97661],{"class":112},[53,98617,125],{"class":67},[53,98619,98620,98622,98624,98626,98628,98630],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,98621,132],{"class":131},[53,98623,116],{"class":67},[53,98625,2578],{"class":550},[53,98627,116],{"class":67},[53,98629,97661],{"class":112},[53,98631,1377],{"class":67},[20,98633,98634],{},[30,98635,772],{},[44,98637,98639],{"className":46,"code":98638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98640,98641,98647],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98642,98643,98645],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98644,5649],{"class":550},[53,98646,8011],{"class":67},[53,98648,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98650,2647],{"class":63},[53,98652,2650],{"class":1415},[53,98654,165],{"class":71},[53,98656,5649],{"class":75},[53,98658,156],{"class":71},[53,98660,2659],{"class":63},[599,98662,43785,98664],{"id":98663},"do-not-use",[15,98665,3152],{},[20,98667,98668,98669,98671],{},"Empty braces do ",[30,98670,461],{}," create a set.",[44,98673,98675],{"className":46,"code":98674,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98676,98677,98685,98695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98678,98679,98681,98683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98680,97586],{"class":59},[53,98682,64],{"class":63},[53,98684,9205],{"class":67},[53,98686,98687,98689,98691,98693],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98688,132],{"class":131},[53,98690,116],{"class":67},[53,98692,97603],{"class":112},[53,98694,125],{"class":67},[53,98696,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705,98707],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,98698,132],{"class":131},[53,98700,116],{"class":67},[53,98702,2578],{"class":550},[53,98704,116],{"class":67},[53,98706,97603],{"class":112},[53,98708,1377],{"class":67},[20,98710,98711],{},[30,98712,772],{},[44,98714,98716],{"className":46,"code":98715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98717,98718,98722],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98719,98720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98721,8802],{"class":67},[53,98723,98724,98726,98728,98730,98732,98734],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98725,2647],{"class":63},[53,98727,2650],{"class":1415},[53,98729,165],{"class":71},[53,98731,8189],{"class":75},[53,98733,156],{"class":71},[53,98735,2659],{"class":63},[20,98737,98738,8156],{},[15,98739,3152],{},[39,98741,71628],{"id":71627},[20,98743,98744],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98746,98747],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[44,98749,98751],{"className":46,"code":98750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98752,98753,98801,98811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98754,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98756,3431],{"class":59},[53,98758,64],{"class":63},[53,98760,68],{"class":67},[53,98762,72],{"class":71},[53,98764,356],{"class":75},[53,98766,72],{"class":71},[53,98768,81],{"class":67},[53,98770,84],{"class":71},[53,98772,365],{"class":75},[53,98774,72],{"class":71},[53,98776,81],{"class":67},[53,98778,84],{"class":71},[53,98780,356],{"class":75},[53,98782,72],{"class":71},[53,98784,81],{"class":67},[53,98786,84],{"class":71},[53,98788,356],{"class":75},[53,98790,72],{"class":71},[53,98792,81],{"class":67},[53,98794,84],{"class":71},[53,98796,374],{"class":75},[53,98798,72],{"class":71},[53,98800,101],{"class":67},[53,98802,98803,98805,98807,98809],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98804,132],{"class":131},[53,98806,116],{"class":67},[53,98808,3473],{"class":112},[53,98810,125],{"class":67},[53,98812,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821,98823],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,98814,132],{"class":131},[53,98816,116],{"class":67},[53,98818,10528],{"class":131},[53,98820,116],{"class":67},[53,98822,3473],{"class":112},[53,98824,1377],{"class":67},[20,98826,98827],{},[30,98828,143],{},[44,98830,98832],{"className":46,"code":98831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,98833,98834,98862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98835,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846,98848,98850,98852,98854,98856,98858,98860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98837,153],{"class":67},[53,98839,156],{"class":71},[53,98841,365],{"class":75},[53,98843,156],{"class":71},[53,98845,81],{"class":67},[53,98847,165],{"class":71},[53,98849,374],{"class":75},[53,98851,156],{"class":71},[53,98853,81],{"class":67},[53,98855,165],{"class":71},[53,98857,356],{"class":75},[53,98859,156],{"class":71},[53,98861,101],{"class":67},[53,98863,98864],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98865,45974],{"class":273},[20,98867,98868],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[39,98870,98872],{"id":98871},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,98874,98875,98876,98878],{},"Set items must be ",[30,98877,95729],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,98880,98881],{},"These usually work:",[193,98883,98884,98886,98888,98890],{},[196,98885,55819],{},[196,98887,55822],{},[196,98889,95741],{},[196,98891,39949],{},[44,98893,98895],{"className":46,"code":98894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,98896,98897,98931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98898,98899,98901,98903,98905,98907,98909,98911,98913,98915,98917,98919,98921,98923,98925,98927,98929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98900,3183],{"class":59},[53,98902,64],{"class":63},[53,98904,68],{"class":67},[53,98906,274],{"class":273},[53,98908,81],{"class":67},[53,98910,84],{"class":71},[53,98912,356],{"class":75},[53,98914,72],{"class":71},[53,98916,81],{"class":67},[53,98918,8605],{"class":67},[53,98920,1684],{"class":273},[53,98922,81],{"class":67},[53,98924,7155],{"class":273},[53,98926,8602],{"class":67},[53,98928,3276],{"class":938},[53,98930,101],{"class":67},[53,98932,98933,98935,98937,98939],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,98934,132],{"class":131},[53,98936,116],{"class":67},[53,98938,4718],{"class":112},[53,98940,125],{"class":67},[20,98942,98943,98944,98946],{},"These do ",[30,98945,461],{}," work directly:",[193,98948,98949,98951],{},[196,98950,96444],{},[196,98952,96447],{},[44,98954,98956],{"className":46,"code":98955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,98957,98958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98959,98960,98963,98965,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976,98978],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98961,98962],{"class":59},"bad_set ",[53,98964,64],{"class":63},[53,98966,98967],{"class":67}," {[",[53,98969,274],{"class":273},[53,98971,81],{"class":67},[53,98973,279],{"class":273},[53,98975,81],{"class":67},[53,98977,284],{"class":273},[53,98979,13065],{"class":67},[20,98981,98982],{},"This raises an error:",[44,98984,98985],{"className":46,"code":96503,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,98986,98987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,98988,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001,99003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,98990,2360],{"class":550},[53,98992,191],{"class":67},[53,98994,96514],{"class":59},[53,98996,2578],{"class":550},[53,98998,191],{"class":67},[53,99000,165],{"class":71},[53,99002,7460],{"class":75},[53,99004,559],{"class":71},[20,99006,51439],{},[44,99008,99010],{"className":46,"code":99009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99011,99012],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99013,99014,99016,99018,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99015,98962],{"class":59},[53,99017,64],{"class":63},[53,99019,99020],{"class":67}," {{",[53,99022,72],{"class":71},[53,99024,7032],{"class":75},[53,99026,72],{"class":71},[53,99028,191],{"class":67},[53,99030,84],{"class":71},[53,99032,7041],{"class":75},[53,99034,72],{"class":71},[53,99036,99037],{"class":67},"}}\n",[20,99039,99040],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[39,99042,99044],{"id":99043},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[599,99046,99048],{"id":99047},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[44,99050,99052],{"className":46,"code":99051,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99053,99054,99078],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99055,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066,99068,99070,99072,99074,99076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99057,266],{"class":59},[53,99059,64],{"class":63},[53,99061,68],{"class":67},[53,99063,274],{"class":273},[53,99065,81],{"class":67},[53,99067,279],{"class":273},[53,99069,81],{"class":67},[53,99071,284],{"class":273},[53,99073,81],{"class":67},[53,99075,1811],{"class":273},[53,99077,101],{"class":67},[53,99079,99080,99082,99084,99086],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99081,132],{"class":131},[53,99083,116],{"class":67},[53,99085,291],{"class":112},[53,99087,125],{"class":67},[599,99089,99091],{"id":99090},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[44,99093,99095],{"className":46,"code":99094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99096,99097,99125,99140,99144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99098,99099,99101,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99100,7144],{"class":59},[53,99102,64],{"class":63},[53,99104,2982],{"class":67},[53,99106,274],{"class":273},[53,99108,81],{"class":67},[53,99110,4858],{"class":273},[53,99112,81],{"class":67},[53,99114,279],{"class":273},[53,99116,81],{"class":67},[53,99118,284],{"class":273},[53,99120,81],{"class":67},[53,99122,284],{"class":273},[53,99124,2995],{"class":67},[53,99126,99127,99130,99132,99134,99136,99138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99128,99129],{"class":59},"unique_items ",[53,99131,64],{"class":63},[53,99133,14994],{"class":550},[53,99135,116],{"class":67},[53,99137,7175],{"class":112},[53,99139,125],{"class":67},[53,99141,99142],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,99143,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,99145,99146,99148,99150,99153],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,99147,132],{"class":131},[53,99149,116],{"class":67},[53,99151,99152],{"class":112},"unique_items",[53,99154,125],{"class":67},[599,99156,98502],{"id":99157},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[44,99159,99161],{"className":46,"code":99160,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99162,99163,99181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99164,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99166,620],{"class":59},[53,99168,64],{"class":63},[53,99170,14994],{"class":550},[53,99172,116],{"class":67},[53,99174,72],{"class":71},[53,99176,365],{"class":75},[53,99178,72],{"class":71},[53,99180,125],{"class":67},[53,99182,99183,99185,99187,99189],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99184,132],{"class":131},[53,99186,116],{"class":67},[53,99188,655],{"class":112},[53,99190,125],{"class":67},[599,99192,99194],{"id":99193},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[44,99196,99198],{"className":46,"code":99197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99199,99200,99210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99201,99202,99204,99206,99208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99203,97642],{"class":59},[53,99205,64],{"class":63},[53,99207,14994],{"class":550},[53,99209,8011],{"class":67},[53,99211,99212,99214,99216,99218],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99213,132],{"class":131},[53,99215,116],{"class":67},[53,99217,97661],{"class":112},[53,99219,125],{"class":67},[39,99221,2185],{"id":2184},[20,99223,99224],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[599,99226,7785,99228,99230],{"id":99227},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99229,3152],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99232,99233],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[44,99235,99237],{"className":46,"code":99236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99238,99239,99247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99240,99241,99243,99245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99242,1801],{"class":59},[53,99244,64],{"class":63},[53,99246,9205],{"class":67},[53,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255,99257,99259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99250,132],{"class":131},[53,99252,116],{"class":67},[53,99254,2578],{"class":550},[53,99256,116],{"class":67},[53,99258,236],{"class":112},[53,99260,1377],{"class":67},[20,99262,99263],{},"This prints:",[44,99265,99266],{"className":46,"code":8176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,99267,99268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99269,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99271,2647],{"class":63},[53,99273,2650],{"class":1415},[53,99275,165],{"class":71},[53,99277,8189],{"class":75},[53,99279,156],{"class":71},[53,99281,2659],{"class":63},[20,99283,174,99284,5994],{},[15,99285,3157],{},[599,99287,99289],{"id":99288},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99291,99292],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[44,99294,99296],{"className":46,"code":99295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99297,99298,99326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99299,99300,99302,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318,99320,99322,99324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99301,266],{"class":59},[53,99303,64],{"class":63},[53,99305,68],{"class":67},[53,99307,274],{"class":273},[53,99309,81],{"class":67},[53,99311,4858],{"class":273},[53,99313,81],{"class":67},[53,99315,279],{"class":273},[53,99317,81],{"class":67},[53,99319,279],{"class":273},[53,99321,81],{"class":67},[53,99323,284],{"class":273},[53,99325,101],{"class":67},[53,99327,99328,99330,99332,99334],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99329,132],{"class":131},[53,99331,116],{"class":67},[53,99333,291],{"class":112},[53,99335,125],{"class":67},[20,99337,99338],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[599,99340,99342],{"id":99341},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99344,99345],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99347,99348],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[44,99350,99352],{"className":46,"code":99351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99353,99354,99374],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99355,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366,99368,99370,99372],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99357,266],{"class":59},[53,99359,64],{"class":63},[53,99361,68],{"class":67},[53,99363,1684],{"class":273},[53,99365,81],{"class":67},[53,99367,7155],{"class":273},[53,99369,81],{"class":67},[53,99371,7160],{"class":273},[53,99373,101],{"class":67},[53,99375,99376],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99377,99378],{"class":3024},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99380,99381],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[599,99383,99385],{"id":99384},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99387,99388],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[44,99390,99392],{"className":46,"code":99391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99393,99394,99399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99395,99396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99397,99398],{"class":3024},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[53,99400,99401],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99402,99403],{"class":3024},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99405,99406,99407,37],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99408,2360],{},[599,99410,99412],{"id":99411},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99414,99415],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[44,99417,99419],{"className":46,"code":99418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99420,99421,99441,99473,99477,99491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99422,99423,99425,99427,99429,99431,99433,99435,99437,99439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99424,14989],{"class":59},[53,99426,64],{"class":63},[53,99428,68],{"class":67},[53,99430,274],{"class":273},[53,99432,81],{"class":67},[53,99434,279],{"class":273},[53,99436,81],{"class":67},[53,99438,284],{"class":273},[53,99440,101],{"class":67},[53,99442,99443,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455,99457,99459,99461,99463,99465,99467,99469,99471],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99444,11089],{"class":59},[53,99446,64],{"class":63},[53,99448,68],{"class":67},[53,99450,72],{"class":71},[53,99452,464],{"class":75},[53,99454,72],{"class":71},[53,99456,191],{"class":67},[53,99458,4858],{"class":273},[53,99460,81],{"class":67},[53,99462,84],{"class":71},[53,99464,637],{"class":75},[53,99466,72],{"class":71},[53,99468,191],{"class":67},[53,99470,279],{"class":273},[53,99472,101],{"class":67},[53,99474,99475],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,99476,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485,99487,99489],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,99480,132],{"class":131},[53,99482,116],{"class":67},[53,99484,2578],{"class":550},[53,99486,116],{"class":67},[53,99488,227],{"class":112},[53,99490,1377],{"class":67},[53,99492,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501,99503],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,99494,132],{"class":131},[53,99496,116],{"class":67},[53,99498,2578],{"class":550},[53,99500,116],{"class":67},[53,99502,10815],{"class":112},[53,99504,1377],{"class":67},[39,99506,92145],{"id":92144},[20,99508,99509],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[44,99511,99513],{"className":46,"code":99512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99514,99515,99541,99545,99559,99569,99583,99590],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99516,99517,99519,99521,99523,99525,99527,99529,99531,99533,99535,99537,99539],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99518,14989],{"class":59},[53,99520,64],{"class":63},[53,99522,14994],{"class":550},[53,99524,2341],{"class":67},[53,99526,274],{"class":273},[53,99528,81],{"class":67},[53,99530,279],{"class":273},[53,99532,81],{"class":67},[53,99534,279],{"class":273},[53,99536,81],{"class":67},[53,99538,284],{"class":273},[53,99540,3248],{"class":67},[53,99542,99543],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99544,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,99546,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,99548,132],{"class":131},[53,99550,116],{"class":67},[53,99552,2578],{"class":550},[53,99554,116],{"class":67},[53,99556,227],{"class":112},[53,99558,1377],{"class":67},[53,99560,99561,99563,99565,99567],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,99562,132],{"class":131},[53,99564,116],{"class":67},[53,99566,227],{"class":112},[53,99568,125],{"class":67},[53,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,99572,132],{"class":131},[53,99574,116],{"class":67},[53,99576,10528],{"class":131},[53,99578,116],{"class":67},[53,99580,227],{"class":112},[53,99582,1377],{"class":67},[53,99584,99585,99587],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,99586,132],{"class":131},[53,99588,99589],{"class":67},"({})\n",[53,99591,99592,99594,99596,99598],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,99593,132],{"class":131},[53,99595,116],{"class":67},[53,99597,5649],{"class":550},[53,99599,6557],{"class":67},[20,99601,99602],{},"Use these to confirm:",[193,99604,99605,99608,99611,99614],{},[196,99606,99607],{},"The object type",[196,99609,99610],{},"The actual values stored",[196,99612,99613],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[196,99615,99616,99617,594,99619],{},"The difference between ",[15,99618,3152],{},[15,99620,3157],{},[39,99622,1187],{"id":1186},[599,99624,99626],{"id":99625},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99628,99629,99630,99633,99634,99636],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99631,99632],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99635,3157],{}," with another iterable.",[599,99638,99640],{"id":99639},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99642,174,99643,99645,99646,99648],{},[15,99644,3157],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99647,3152],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[599,99650,99652],{"id":99651},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99654,99655],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[599,99657,99659],{"id":99658},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99661,99662],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[599,99664,99666],{"id":99665},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99668,99669],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[39,99671,1244],{"id":1243},[193,99673,99674,99678,99684,99690,99694],{},[196,99675,99676],{},[464,99677,95687],{"href":96853},[196,99679,99680],{},[464,99681,2934,99682,830],{"href":97852},[15,99683,95569],{},[196,99685,99686],{},[464,99687,2934,99688,830],{"href":97871},[15,99689,96669],{},[196,99691,99692],{},[464,99693,1270],{"href":1172},[196,99695,99696],{},[464,99697,99698],{"href":98143},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99700,99701],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1276,99703,99704],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":99706},[99707,99708,99709,99710,99713,99719,99723,99724,99725,99731,99739,99740,99747],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":98115,"depth":104,"text":98116},{"id":98147,"depth":104,"text":98148,"children":99711},[99712],{"id":98216,"depth":128,"text":98217},{"id":98320,"depth":104,"text":99714,"children":99715},"Create a set with set()",[99716,99717,99718],{"id":98345,"depth":128,"text":98346},{"id":98431,"depth":128,"text":98432},{"id":98501,"depth":128,"text":98502},{"id":98586,"depth":104,"text":98587,"children":99720},[99721],{"id":98663,"depth":128,"text":99722},"Do not use {}",{"id":71627,"depth":104,"text":71628},{"id":98871,"depth":104,"text":98872},{"id":99043,"depth":104,"text":99044,"children":99726},[99727,99728,99729,99730],{"id":99047,"depth":128,"text":99048},{"id":99090,"depth":128,"text":99091},{"id":99157,"depth":128,"text":98502},{"id":99193,"depth":128,"text":99194},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":99732},[99733,99735,99736,99737,99738],{"id":99227,"depth":128,"text":99734},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99288,"depth":128,"text":99289},{"id":99341,"depth":128,"text":99342},{"id":99384,"depth":128,"text":99385},{"id":99411,"depth":128,"text":99412},{"id":92144,"depth":104,"text":92145},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":99741},[99742,99743,99744,99745,99746],{"id":99625,"depth":128,"text":99626},{"id":99639,"depth":128,"text":99640},{"id":99651,"depth":128,"text":99652},{"id":99658,"depth":128,"text":99659},{"id":99665,"depth":128,"text":99666},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":97918,"description":99748},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99754,"title":99755,"body":99756,"description":102186,"extension":1312,"meta":102187,"navigation":383,"path":102188,"seo":102189,"stem":102190,"__hash__":102191},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":99757,"toc":102151},[99758,99764,99770,99773,99775,99852,99854,99871,99881,99883,99888,99896,99898,99914,99918,99920,99922,99925,99946,99949,99973,99979,99981,100078,100080,100097,100107,100109,100111,100119,100121,100132,100134,100225,100227,100251,100262,100264,100266,100269,100399,100401,100474,100476,100497,100500,100502,100508,100513,100516,100643,100645,100661,100664,100666,100674,100677,100681,100689,100780,100782,100819,100824,100831,100908,100910,100926,100931,100936,100938,100947,100955,101036,101038,101067,101070,101074,101085,101088,101171,101173,101194,101200,101202,101204,101208,101212,101219,101284,101286,101306,101309,101378,101380,101396,101400,101406,101418,101426,101428,101513,101515,101544,101547,101551,101556,101558,101608,101611,101692,101694,101710,101714,101717,101792,101795,101799,101802,101879,101881,101914,101920,101924,101927,102062,102064,102078,102080,102082,102088,102091,102098,102106,102112,102115,102119,102122,102124,102126,102148],[10,99759,13,99761,18],{"id":99760},"python-set-difference-method",[15,99762,99763],{},"difference()",[20,99765,99766,99769],{},[15,99767,99768],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,99771,99772],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[39,99774,2968],{"id":2967},[44,99776,99778],{"className":46,"code":99777,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99779,99780,99804,99824,99842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99781,99782,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99783,1908],{"class":59},[53,99785,64],{"class":63},[53,99787,68],{"class":67},[53,99789,274],{"class":273},[53,99791,81],{"class":67},[53,99793,279],{"class":273},[53,99795,81],{"class":67},[53,99797,284],{"class":273},[53,99799,81],{"class":67},[53,99801,1811],{"class":273},[53,99803,101],{"class":67},[53,99805,99806,99808,99810,99812,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,99807,1936],{"class":59},[53,99809,64],{"class":63},[53,99811,68],{"class":67},[53,99813,1412],{"class":273},[53,99815,81],{"class":67},[53,99817,1811],{"class":273},[53,99819,81],{"class":67},[53,99821,3963],{"class":273},[53,99823,101],{"class":67},[53,99825,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,99827,1582],{"class":59},[53,99829,64],{"class":63},[53,99831,56245],{"class":59},[53,99833,37],{"class":67},[53,99835,2166],{"class":112},[53,99837,116],{"class":67},[53,99839,637],{"class":112},[53,99841,125],{"class":67},[53,99843,99844,99846,99848,99850],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,99845,132],{"class":131},[53,99847,116],{"class":67},[53,99849,1617],{"class":112},[53,99851,125],{"class":67},[20,99853,772],{},[44,99855,99857],{"className":46,"code":99856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n",[15,99858,99859],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99860,99861,99863,99865,99867,99869],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99862,153],{"class":67},[53,99864,274],{"class":273},[53,99866,81],{"class":67},[53,99868,279],{"class":273},[53,99870,101],{"class":67},[20,99872,99873,99875,99876,99878,99879,37],{},[15,99874,99763],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,99877,464],{}," that are not in ",[15,99880,637],{},[44273,99882],{},[39,99884,183,99886,186],{"id":99885},"what-difference-does",[15,99887,99763],{},[20,99889,1329,99890,99892,99893,99895],{},[15,99891,99763],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[30,99894,461],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,99897,12416],{},[193,99899,99900,99905,99908,99911],{},[196,99901,99902,99904],{},[15,99903,99763],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[196,99906,99907],{},"It creates a new set",[196,99909,99910],{},"It does not change the original set",[196,99912,99913],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,99915,95683,99916,37],{},[464,99917,95687],{"href":96853},[44273,99919],{},[39,99921,217],{"id":216},[20,99923,99924],{},"Use this form:",[44,99926,99928],{"className":46,"code":99927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,99929,99930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99931,99932,99935,99937,99939,99941,99944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99933,99934],{"class":59},"set1",[53,99936,37],{"class":67},[53,99938,2166],{"class":112},[53,99940,116],{"class":67},[53,99942,99943],{"class":112},"set2",[53,99945,125],{"class":67},[20,99947,99948],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[44,99950,99952],{"className":46,"code":99951,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,99953,99954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99955,99956,99958,99960,99962,99964,99966,99968,99971],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99957,99934],{"class":59},[53,99959,37],{"class":67},[53,99961,2166],{"class":112},[53,99963,116],{"class":67},[53,99965,99943],{"class":112},[53,99967,81],{"class":67},[53,99969,99970],{"class":112}," set3",[53,99972,125],{"class":67},[20,99974,99975,99976,99978],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[30,99977,4713],{}," of the other sets.",[20,99980,1559],{},[44,99982,99984],{"className":46,"code":99983,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,99985,99986,100014,100030,100042,100046,100068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,99987,99988,99990,99992,99994,99996,99998,100000,100002,100004,100006,100008,100010,100012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,99989,1908],{"class":59},[53,99991,64],{"class":63},[53,99993,68],{"class":67},[53,99995,274],{"class":273},[53,99997,81],{"class":67},[53,99999,279],{"class":273},[53,100001,81],{"class":67},[53,100003,284],{"class":273},[53,100005,81],{"class":67},[53,100007,1811],{"class":273},[53,100009,81],{"class":67},[53,100011,3963],{"class":273},[53,100013,101],{"class":67},[53,100015,100016,100018,100020,100022,100024,100026,100028],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100017,1936],{"class":59},[53,100019,64],{"class":63},[53,100021,68],{"class":67},[53,100023,300],{"class":273},[53,100025,81],{"class":67},[53,100027,284],{"class":273},[53,100029,101],{"class":67},[53,100031,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100033,82545],{"class":59},[53,100035,64],{"class":63},[53,100037,68],{"class":67},[53,100039,1487],{"class":273},[53,100041,101],{"class":67},[53,100043,100044],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,100045,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100047,100048,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,100049,1582],{"class":59},[53,100051,64],{"class":63},[53,100053,56245],{"class":59},[53,100055,37],{"class":67},[53,100057,2166],{"class":112},[53,100059,116],{"class":67},[53,100061,637],{"class":112},[53,100063,81],{"class":67},[53,100065,9049],{"class":112},[53,100067,125],{"class":67},[53,100069,100070,100072,100074,100076],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,100071,132],{"class":131},[53,100073,116],{"class":67},[53,100075,1617],{"class":112},[53,100077,125],{"class":67},[20,100079,772],{},[44,100081,100083],{"className":46,"code":100082,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100084,100085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100086,100087,100089,100091,100093,100095],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100088,153],{"class":67},[53,100090,274],{"class":273},[53,100092,81],{"class":67},[53,100094,1811],{"class":273},[53,100096,101],{"class":67},[20,100098,100099,100100,100102,100103,1219,100105,37],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100101,464],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100104,637],{},[15,100106,646],{},[44273,100108],{},[39,100110,16778],{"id":16777},[20,100112,100113,100115,100116,37],{},[15,100114,99763],{}," always returns a ",[30,100117,100118],{},"new set",[20,100120,43006],{},[193,100122,100123,100126,100129],{},[196,100124,100125],{},"The return value is a new set",[196,100127,100128],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[196,100130,100131],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100133,1559],{},[44,100135,100137],{"className":46,"code":100136,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100138,100139,100155,100175,100179,100197,100201,100211],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100140,100141,100143,100145,100147,100149,100151,100153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100142,1908],{"class":59},[53,100144,64],{"class":63},[53,100146,68],{"class":67},[53,100148,274],{"class":273},[53,100150,81],{"class":67},[53,100152,279],{"class":273},[53,100154,101],{"class":67},[53,100156,100157,100159,100161,100163,100165,100167,100169,100171,100173],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100158,1936],{"class":59},[53,100160,64],{"class":63},[53,100162,68],{"class":67},[53,100164,274],{"class":273},[53,100166,81],{"class":67},[53,100168,279],{"class":273},[53,100170,81],{"class":67},[53,100172,284],{"class":273},[53,100174,101],{"class":67},[53,100176,100177],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100178,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100180,100181,100183,100185,100187,100189,100191,100193,100195],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,100182,1582],{"class":59},[53,100184,64],{"class":63},[53,100186,56245],{"class":59},[53,100188,37],{"class":67},[53,100190,2166],{"class":112},[53,100192,116],{"class":67},[53,100194,637],{"class":112},[53,100196,125],{"class":67},[53,100198,100199],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,100200,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100202,100203,100205,100207,100209],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,100204,132],{"class":131},[53,100206,116],{"class":67},[53,100208,1617],{"class":112},[53,100210,125],{"class":67},[53,100212,100213,100215,100217,100219,100221,100223],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,100214,132],{"class":131},[53,100216,116],{"class":67},[53,100218,2578],{"class":550},[53,100220,116],{"class":67},[53,100222,1617],{"class":112},[53,100224,1377],{"class":67},[20,100226,772],{},[44,100228,100229],{"className":46,"code":98638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,100230,100231,100237],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100232,100233,100235],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100234,5649],{"class":550},[53,100236,8011],{"class":67},[53,100238,100239,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100240,2647],{"class":63},[53,100242,2650],{"class":1415},[53,100244,165],{"class":71},[53,100246,5649],{"class":75},[53,100248,156],{"class":71},[53,100250,2659],{"class":63},[20,100252,100253,100254,18320,100256,100258,100259,100261],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100255,3157],{},[15,100257,3152],{},". In Python, ",[15,100260,3152],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44273,100263],{},[39,100265,337],{"id":336},[20,100267,100268],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[44,100270,100272],{"className":46,"code":100271,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100273,100274,100307,100340,100344,100364,100368,100378,100389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100275,100276,100279,100281,100283,100285,100287,100289,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100277,100278],{"class":59},"fruits_a ",[53,100280,64],{"class":63},[53,100282,68],{"class":67},[53,100284,72],{"class":71},[53,100286,356],{"class":75},[53,100288,72],{"class":71},[53,100290,81],{"class":67},[53,100292,84],{"class":71},[53,100294,365],{"class":75},[53,100296,72],{"class":71},[53,100298,81],{"class":67},[53,100300,84],{"class":71},[53,100302,374],{"class":75},[53,100304,72],{"class":71},[53,100306,101],{"class":67},[53,100308,100309,100312,100314,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100310,100311],{"class":59},"fruits_b ",[53,100313,64],{"class":63},[53,100315,68],{"class":67},[53,100317,72],{"class":71},[53,100319,365],{"class":75},[53,100321,72],{"class":71},[53,100323,81],{"class":67},[53,100325,84],{"class":71},[53,100327,374],{"class":75},[53,100329,72],{"class":71},[53,100331,81],{"class":67},[53,100333,84],{"class":71},[53,100335,21886],{"class":75},[53,100337,72],{"class":71},[53,100339,101],{"class":67},[53,100341,100342],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100343,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100345,100346,100348,100350,100353,100355,100357,100359,100362],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,100347,1582],{"class":59},[53,100349,64],{"class":63},[53,100351,100352],{"class":59}," fruits_a",[53,100354,37],{"class":67},[53,100356,2166],{"class":112},[53,100358,116],{"class":67},[53,100360,100361],{"class":112},"fruits_b",[53,100363,125],{"class":67},[53,100365,100366],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,100367,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100369,100370,100372,100374,100376],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,100371,132],{"class":131},[53,100373,116],{"class":67},[53,100375,1617],{"class":112},[53,100377,125],{"class":67},[53,100379,100380,100382,100384,100387],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,100381,132],{"class":131},[53,100383,116],{"class":67},[53,100385,100386],{"class":112},"fruits_a",[53,100388,125],{"class":67},[53,100390,100391,100393,100395,100397],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,100392,132],{"class":131},[53,100394,116],{"class":67},[53,100396,100361],{"class":112},[53,100398,125],{"class":67},[20,100400,143],{},[44,100402,100404],{"className":46,"code":100403,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100405,100406,100418,100446],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100407,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100409,153],{"class":67},[53,100411,156],{"class":71},[53,100413,356],{"class":75},[53,100415,156],{"class":71},[53,100417,101],{"class":67},[53,100419,100420,100422,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438,100440,100442,100444],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100421,153],{"class":67},[53,100423,156],{"class":71},[53,100425,365],{"class":75},[53,100427,156],{"class":71},[53,100429,81],{"class":67},[53,100431,165],{"class":71},[53,100433,374],{"class":75},[53,100435,156],{"class":71},[53,100437,81],{"class":67},[53,100439,165],{"class":71},[53,100441,356],{"class":75},[53,100443,156],{"class":71},[53,100445,101],{"class":67},[53,100447,100448,100450,100452,100454,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466,100468,100470,100472],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100449,153],{"class":67},[53,100451,156],{"class":71},[53,100453,365],{"class":75},[53,100455,156],{"class":71},[53,100457,81],{"class":67},[53,100459,165],{"class":71},[53,100461,374],{"class":75},[53,100463,156],{"class":71},[53,100465,81],{"class":67},[53,100467,165],{"class":71},[53,100469,21886],{"class":75},[53,100471,156],{"class":71},[53,100473,101],{"class":67},[20,100475,11048],{},[193,100477,100478,100483,100488,100494],{},[196,100479,100480,100481],{},"Start with ",[15,100482,100386],{},[196,100484,100485,100486],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100487,100361],{},[196,100489,100490,100491,100493],{},"Only ",[15,100492,57191],{}," remains",[196,100495,100496],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100498,100499],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44273,100501],{},[39,100503,7785,100505,100507],{"id":100504},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100506,99763],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100509,100510,100511,37],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100512,99763],{},[20,100514,100515],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[44,100517,100519],{"className":46,"code":100518,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100520,100521,100553,100570,100583,100600,100604,100633],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100522,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549,100551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100524,266],{"class":59},[53,100526,64],{"class":63},[53,100528,68],{"class":67},[53,100530,274],{"class":273},[53,100532,81],{"class":67},[53,100534,279],{"class":273},[53,100536,81],{"class":67},[53,100538,284],{"class":273},[53,100540,81],{"class":67},[53,100542,1811],{"class":273},[53,100544,81],{"class":67},[53,100546,3963],{"class":273},[53,100548,81],{"class":67},[53,100550,36996],{"class":273},[53,100552,101],{"class":67},[53,100554,100555,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100556,100557],{"class":59},"group_a ",[53,100559,64],{"class":63},[53,100561,68],{"class":67},[53,100563,300],{"class":273},[53,100565,81],{"class":67},[53,100567,1811],{"class":273},[53,100569,101],{"class":67},[53,100571,100572,100575,100577,100579,100581],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100573,100574],{"class":59},"group_b ",[53,100576,64],{"class":63},[53,100578,68],{"class":67},[53,100580,1487],{"class":273},[53,100582,101],{"class":67},[53,100584,100585,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,100586,100587],{"class":59},"group_c ",[53,100589,64],{"class":63},[53,100591,68],{"class":67},[53,100593,79953],{"class":273},[53,100595,81],{"class":67},[53,100597,5355],{"class":273},[53,100599,101],{"class":67},[53,100601,100602],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,100603,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100605,100606,100608,100610,100612,100614,100616,100618,100621,100623,100626,100628,100631],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,100607,1582],{"class":59},[53,100609,64],{"class":63},[53,100611,3622],{"class":59},[53,100613,37],{"class":67},[53,100615,2166],{"class":112},[53,100617,116],{"class":67},[53,100619,100620],{"class":112},"group_a",[53,100622,81],{"class":67},[53,100624,100625],{"class":112}," group_b",[53,100627,81],{"class":67},[53,100629,100630],{"class":112}," group_c",[53,100632,125],{"class":67},[53,100634,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,100636,132],{"class":131},[53,100638,116],{"class":67},[53,100640,1617],{"class":112},[53,100642,125],{"class":67},[20,100644,772],{},[44,100646,100647],{"className":46,"code":319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,100648,100649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100650,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100652,153],{"class":67},[53,100654,274],{"class":273},[53,100656,81],{"class":67},[53,100658,284],{"class":273},[53,100660,101],{"class":67},[20,100662,100663],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44273,100665],{},[39,100667,100669,9952,100671],{"id":100668},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100670,99763],{},[15,100672,100673],{},"difference_update()",[20,100675,100676],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[599,100678,100679],{"id":2166},[15,100680,99763],{},[193,100682,100683,100686],{},[196,100684,100685],{},"Returns a new set",[196,100687,100688],{},"Does not change the original set",[44,100690,100692],{"className":46,"code":100691,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100693,100694,100718,100734,100738,100756,100760,100770],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100695,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100697,1908],{"class":59},[53,100699,64],{"class":63},[53,100701,68],{"class":67},[53,100703,274],{"class":273},[53,100705,81],{"class":67},[53,100707,279],{"class":273},[53,100709,81],{"class":67},[53,100711,284],{"class":273},[53,100713,81],{"class":67},[53,100715,1811],{"class":273},[53,100717,101],{"class":67},[53,100719,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100721,1936],{"class":59},[53,100723,64],{"class":63},[53,100725,68],{"class":67},[53,100727,1412],{"class":273},[53,100729,81],{"class":67},[53,100731,1811],{"class":273},[53,100733,101],{"class":67},[53,100735,100736],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100737,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100739,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750,100752,100754],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,100741,1582],{"class":59},[53,100743,64],{"class":63},[53,100745,56245],{"class":59},[53,100747,37],{"class":67},[53,100749,2166],{"class":112},[53,100751,116],{"class":67},[53,100753,637],{"class":112},[53,100755,125],{"class":67},[53,100757,100758],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,100759,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100761,100762,100764,100766,100768],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,100763,132],{"class":131},[53,100765,116],{"class":67},[53,100767,1617],{"class":112},[53,100769,125],{"class":67},[53,100771,100772,100774,100776,100778],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,100773,132],{"class":131},[53,100775,116],{"class":67},[53,100777,464],{"class":112},[53,100779,125],{"class":67},[20,100781,772],{},[44,100783,100785],{"className":46,"code":100784,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,100786,100787,100799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100788,100789,100791,100793,100795,100797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100790,153],{"class":67},[53,100792,274],{"class":273},[53,100794,81],{"class":67},[53,100796,279],{"class":273},[53,100798,101],{"class":67},[53,100800,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100802,153],{"class":67},[53,100804,274],{"class":273},[53,100806,81],{"class":67},[53,100808,279],{"class":273},[53,100810,81],{"class":67},[53,100812,284],{"class":273},[53,100814,81],{"class":67},[53,100816,1811],{"class":273},[53,100818,101],{"class":67},[599,100820,100822],{"id":100821},"difference_update",[15,100823,100673],{},[193,100825,100826,100829],{},[196,100827,100828],{},"Changes the original set",[196,100830,204],{},[44,100832,100834],{"className":46,"code":100833,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,100835,100836,100860,100876,100880,100894,100898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100837,100838,100840,100842,100844,100846,100848,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100839,1908],{"class":59},[53,100841,64],{"class":63},[53,100843,68],{"class":67},[53,100845,274],{"class":273},[53,100847,81],{"class":67},[53,100849,279],{"class":273},[53,100851,81],{"class":67},[53,100853,284],{"class":273},[53,100855,81],{"class":67},[53,100857,1811],{"class":273},[53,100859,101],{"class":67},[53,100861,100862,100864,100866,100868,100870,100872,100874],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100863,1936],{"class":59},[53,100865,64],{"class":63},[53,100867,68],{"class":67},[53,100869,1412],{"class":273},[53,100871,81],{"class":67},[53,100873,1811],{"class":273},[53,100875,101],{"class":67},[53,100877,100878],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,100879,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100881,100882,100884,100886,100888,100890,100892],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,100883,464],{"class":59},[53,100885,37],{"class":67},[53,100887,100821],{"class":112},[53,100889,116],{"class":67},[53,100891,637],{"class":112},[53,100893,125],{"class":67},[53,100895,100896],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,100897,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,100899,100900,100902,100904,100906],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,100901,132],{"class":131},[53,100903,116],{"class":67},[53,100905,464],{"class":112},[53,100907,125],{"class":67},[20,100909,772],{},[44,100911,100912],{"className":46,"code":99856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,100913,100914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100915,100916,100918,100920,100922,100924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100917,153],{"class":67},[53,100919,274],{"class":273},[53,100921,81],{"class":67},[53,100923,279],{"class":273},[53,100925,101],{"class":67},[20,100927,174,100928,100930],{},[15,100929,99763],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,100932,100933,100934,32954],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,100935,100673],{},[44273,100937],{},[39,100939,100941,100943,100944,100946],{"id":100940},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,100942,99763],{}," vs the ",[15,100945,1371],{}," operator",[20,100948,1329,100949,100951,100952,100954],{},[15,100950,1371],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,100953,99763],{}," for two sets.",[44,100956,100958],{"className":46,"code":100957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,100959,100960,100984,101000,101004,101022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,100961,100962,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976,100978,100980,100982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,100963,1908],{"class":59},[53,100965,64],{"class":63},[53,100967,68],{"class":67},[53,100969,274],{"class":273},[53,100971,81],{"class":67},[53,100973,279],{"class":273},[53,100975,81],{"class":67},[53,100977,284],{"class":273},[53,100979,81],{"class":67},[53,100981,1811],{"class":273},[53,100983,101],{"class":67},[53,100985,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,100987,1936],{"class":59},[53,100989,64],{"class":63},[53,100991,68],{"class":67},[53,100993,1412],{"class":273},[53,100995,81],{"class":67},[53,100997,1811],{"class":273},[53,100999,101],{"class":67},[53,101001,101002],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101003,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101005,101006,101008,101010,101012,101014,101016,101018,101020],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101007,132],{"class":131},[53,101009,116],{"class":67},[53,101011,464],{"class":112},[53,101013,37],{"class":67},[53,101015,2166],{"class":112},[53,101017,116],{"class":67},[53,101019,637],{"class":112},[53,101021,1377],{"class":67},[53,101023,101024,101026,101028,101030,101032,101034],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101025,132],{"class":131},[53,101027,116],{"class":67},[53,101029,1908],{"class":112},[53,101031,1371],{"class":63},[53,101033,1913],{"class":112},[53,101035,125],{"class":67},[20,101037,772],{},[44,101039,101041],{"className":46,"code":101040,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101042,101043,101055],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101044,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101046,153],{"class":67},[53,101048,274],{"class":273},[53,101050,81],{"class":67},[53,101052,279],{"class":273},[53,101054,101],{"class":67},[53,101056,101057,101059,101061,101063,101065],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101058,153],{"class":67},[53,101060,274],{"class":273},[53,101062,81],{"class":67},[53,101064,279],{"class":273},[53,101066,101],{"class":67},[20,101068,101069],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101071,93950,101072,1222],{},[15,101073,99763],{},[193,101075,101076,101079,101082],{},[196,101077,101078],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[196,101080,101081],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[196,101083,101084],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101086,101087],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[44,101089,101091],{"className":46,"code":101090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101092,101093,101121,101133,101145,101149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101094,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103,101105,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101096,1908],{"class":59},[53,101098,64],{"class":63},[53,101100,68],{"class":67},[53,101102,274],{"class":273},[53,101104,81],{"class":67},[53,101106,279],{"class":273},[53,101108,81],{"class":67},[53,101110,284],{"class":273},[53,101112,81],{"class":67},[53,101114,1811],{"class":273},[53,101116,81],{"class":67},[53,101118,3963],{"class":273},[53,101120,101],{"class":67},[53,101122,101123,101125,101127,101129,101131],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101124,1936],{"class":59},[53,101126,64],{"class":63},[53,101128,68],{"class":67},[53,101130,300],{"class":273},[53,101132,101],{"class":67},[53,101134,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101136,82545],{"class":59},[53,101138,64],{"class":63},[53,101140,68],{"class":67},[53,101142,1858],{"class":273},[53,101144,101],{"class":67},[53,101146,101147],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101148,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101150,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101152,132],{"class":131},[53,101154,116],{"class":67},[53,101156,464],{"class":112},[53,101158,37],{"class":67},[53,101160,2166],{"class":112},[53,101162,116],{"class":67},[53,101164,637],{"class":112},[53,101166,81],{"class":67},[53,101168,9049],{"class":112},[53,101170,1377],{"class":67},[20,101172,772],{},[44,101174,101176],{"className":46,"code":101175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101177,101178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101179,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101181,153],{"class":67},[53,101183,274],{"class":273},[53,101185,81],{"class":67},[53,101187,284],{"class":273},[53,101189,81],{"class":67},[53,101191,3963],{"class":273},[53,101193,101],{"class":67},[20,101195,101196,101197,101199],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101198,1371],{}," operator expression.",[44273,101201],{},[39,101203,834],{"id":833},[20,101205,20567,101206,37],{},[15,101207,99763],{},[599,101209,101211],{"id":101210},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101213,3986,101214,101216,101217,191],{},[30,101215,461],{}," change ",[15,101218,464],{},[44,101220,101222],{"className":46,"code":101221,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101223,101224,101244,101256,101260,101274],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101225,101226,101228,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101227,1908],{"class":59},[53,101229,64],{"class":63},[53,101231,68],{"class":67},[53,101233,274],{"class":273},[53,101235,81],{"class":67},[53,101237,279],{"class":273},[53,101239,81],{"class":67},[53,101241,284],{"class":273},[53,101243,101],{"class":67},[53,101245,101246,101248,101250,101252,101254],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101247,1936],{"class":59},[53,101249,64],{"class":63},[53,101251,68],{"class":67},[53,101253,1412],{"class":273},[53,101255,101],{"class":67},[53,101257,101258],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101259,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101261,101262,101264,101266,101268,101270,101272],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101263,464],{"class":59},[53,101265,37],{"class":67},[53,101267,2166],{"class":112},[53,101269,116],{"class":67},[53,101271,637],{"class":112},[53,101273,125],{"class":67},[53,101275,101276,101278,101280,101282],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101277,132],{"class":131},[53,101279,116],{"class":67},[53,101281,464],{"class":112},[53,101283,125],{"class":67},[20,101285,772],{},[44,101287,101288],{"className":46,"code":95965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101289,101290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101291,101292,101294,101296,101298,101300,101302,101304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101293,153],{"class":67},[53,101295,274],{"class":273},[53,101297,81],{"class":67},[53,101299,279],{"class":273},[53,101301,81],{"class":67},[53,101303,284],{"class":273},[53,101305,101],{"class":67},[20,101307,101308],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[44,101310,101312],{"className":46,"code":101311,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101313,101314,101334,101346,101350,101368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101315,101316,101318,101320,101322,101324,101326,101328,101330,101332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101317,1908],{"class":59},[53,101319,64],{"class":63},[53,101321,68],{"class":67},[53,101323,274],{"class":273},[53,101325,81],{"class":67},[53,101327,279],{"class":273},[53,101329,81],{"class":67},[53,101331,284],{"class":273},[53,101333,101],{"class":67},[53,101335,101336,101338,101340,101342,101344],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101337,1936],{"class":59},[53,101339,64],{"class":63},[53,101341,68],{"class":67},[53,101343,1412],{"class":273},[53,101345,101],{"class":67},[53,101347,101348],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101349,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101351,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364,101366],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101353,1908],{"class":59},[53,101355,64],{"class":63},[53,101357,56245],{"class":59},[53,101359,37],{"class":67},[53,101361,2166],{"class":112},[53,101363,116],{"class":67},[53,101365,637],{"class":112},[53,101367,125],{"class":67},[53,101369,101370,101372,101374,101376],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101371,132],{"class":131},[53,101373,116],{"class":67},[53,101375,464],{"class":112},[53,101377,125],{"class":67},[20,101379,772],{},[44,101381,101382],{"className":46,"code":99856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101383,101384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101385,101386,101388,101390,101392,101394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101387,153],{"class":67},[53,101389,274],{"class":273},[53,101391,81],{"class":67},[53,101393,279],{"class":273},[53,101395,101],{"class":67},[599,101397,101399],{"id":101398},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101401,101402,101405],{},[15,101403,101404],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[193,101407,101408,101413],{},[196,101409,101410,101411],{},"keep items from ",[15,101412,464],{},[196,101414,101415,101416],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101417,637],{},[20,101419,40260,101420,101422,101423,101425],{},[30,101421,461],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101424,637],{},"”.",[20,101427,1559],{},[44,101429,101431],{"className":46,"code":101430,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101432,101433,101453,101473,101477,101495],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101434,101435,101437,101439,101441,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101436,1908],{"class":59},[53,101438,64],{"class":63},[53,101440,68],{"class":67},[53,101442,274],{"class":273},[53,101444,81],{"class":67},[53,101446,279],{"class":273},[53,101448,81],{"class":67},[53,101450,284],{"class":273},[53,101452,101],{"class":67},[53,101454,101455,101457,101459,101461,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101456,1936],{"class":59},[53,101458,64],{"class":63},[53,101460,68],{"class":67},[53,101462,1412],{"class":273},[53,101464,81],{"class":67},[53,101466,1811],{"class":273},[53,101468,81],{"class":67},[53,101470,3963],{"class":273},[53,101472,101],{"class":67},[53,101474,101475],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101476,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101478,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487,101489,101491,101493],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101480,132],{"class":131},[53,101482,116],{"class":67},[53,101484,464],{"class":112},[53,101486,37],{"class":67},[53,101488,2166],{"class":112},[53,101490,116],{"class":67},[53,101492,637],{"class":112},[53,101494,1377],{"class":67},[53,101496,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101498,132],{"class":131},[53,101500,116],{"class":67},[53,101502,637],{"class":112},[53,101504,37],{"class":67},[53,101506,2166],{"class":112},[53,101508,116],{"class":67},[53,101510,464],{"class":112},[53,101512,1377],{"class":67},[20,101514,772],{},[44,101516,101518],{"className":46,"code":101517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101519,101520,101532],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101521,101522,101524,101526,101528,101530],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101523,153],{"class":67},[53,101525,274],{"class":273},[53,101527,81],{"class":67},[53,101529,279],{"class":273},[53,101531,101],{"class":67},[53,101533,101534,101536,101538,101540,101542],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101535,153],{"class":67},[53,101537,1858],{"class":273},[53,101539,81],{"class":67},[53,101541,3963],{"class":273},[53,101543,101],{"class":67},[20,101545,101546],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[599,101548,101550],{"id":101549},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101552,101553,101555],{},[15,101554,99763],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101557,54677],{},[44,101559,101561],{"className":46,"code":101560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101562,101563,101583,101599,101603],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101564,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573,101575,101577,101579,101581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101566,1908],{"class":59},[53,101568,64],{"class":63},[53,101570,2982],{"class":67},[53,101572,274],{"class":273},[53,101574,81],{"class":67},[53,101576,279],{"class":273},[53,101578,81],{"class":67},[53,101580,284],{"class":273},[53,101582,2995],{"class":67},[53,101584,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101586,1936],{"class":59},[53,101588,64],{"class":63},[53,101590,2982],{"class":67},[53,101592,1412],{"class":273},[53,101594,81],{"class":67},[53,101596,1811],{"class":273},[53,101598,2995],{"class":67},[53,101600,101601],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101602,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101604,101605],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101606,101607],{"class":3024},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101609,101610],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[44,101612,101614],{"className":46,"code":101613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101615,101616,101636,101652,101656,101682],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101617,101618,101620,101622,101624,101626,101628,101630,101632,101634],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101619,1908],{"class":59},[53,101621,64],{"class":63},[53,101623,2982],{"class":67},[53,101625,274],{"class":273},[53,101627,81],{"class":67},[53,101629,279],{"class":273},[53,101631,81],{"class":67},[53,101633,284],{"class":273},[53,101635,2995],{"class":67},[53,101637,101638,101640,101642,101644,101646,101648,101650],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101639,1936],{"class":59},[53,101641,64],{"class":63},[53,101643,2982],{"class":67},[53,101645,1412],{"class":273},[53,101647,81],{"class":67},[53,101649,1811],{"class":273},[53,101651,2995],{"class":67},[53,101653,101654],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101655,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101657,101658,101660,101662,101664,101666,101668,101670,101672,101674,101676,101678,101680],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101659,1582],{"class":59},[53,101661,64],{"class":63},[53,101663,14994],{"class":550},[53,101665,116],{"class":67},[53,101667,464],{"class":112},[53,101669,7999],{"class":67},[53,101671,2166],{"class":112},[53,101673,116],{"class":67},[53,101675,5649],{"class":550},[53,101677,116],{"class":67},[53,101679,637],{"class":112},[53,101681,1377],{"class":67},[53,101683,101684,101686,101688,101690],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101685,132],{"class":131},[53,101687,116],{"class":67},[53,101689,1617],{"class":112},[53,101691,125],{"class":67},[20,101693,772],{},[44,101695,101696],{"className":46,"code":99856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,101697,101698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101701,153],{"class":67},[53,101703,274],{"class":273},[53,101705,81],{"class":67},[53,101707,279],{"class":273},[53,101709,101],{"class":67},[599,101711,101713],{"id":101712},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101715,101716],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[44,101718,101720],{"className":46,"code":101719,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101721,101722,101754,101770,101774],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101723,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101725,1908],{"class":59},[53,101727,64],{"class":63},[53,101729,68],{"class":67},[53,101731,72],{"class":71},[53,101733,36400],{"class":75},[53,101735,72],{"class":71},[53,101737,81],{"class":67},[53,101739,84],{"class":71},[53,101741,57485],{"class":75},[53,101743,72],{"class":71},[53,101745,81],{"class":67},[53,101747,84],{"class":71},[53,101749,57502],{"class":75},[53,101751,72],{"class":71},[53,101753,101],{"class":67},[53,101755,101756,101758,101760,101762,101764,101766,101768],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101757,1936],{"class":59},[53,101759,64],{"class":63},[53,101761,68],{"class":67},[53,101763,72],{"class":71},[53,101765,57485],{"class":75},[53,101767,72],{"class":71},[53,101769,101],{"class":67},[53,101771,101772],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101773,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101775,101776,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788,101790],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101777,132],{"class":131},[53,101779,116],{"class":67},[53,101781,464],{"class":112},[53,101783,37],{"class":67},[53,101785,2166],{"class":112},[53,101787,116],{"class":67},[53,101789,637],{"class":112},[53,101791,1377],{"class":67},[20,101793,101794],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[599,101796,101798],{"id":101797},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,101800,101801],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[44,101803,101805],{"className":46,"code":101804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101806,101807,101835,101847,101851,101861],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825,101827,101829,101831,101833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101810,1908],{"class":59},[53,101812,64],{"class":63},[53,101814,68],{"class":67},[53,101816,274],{"class":273},[53,101818,81],{"class":67},[53,101820,4858],{"class":273},[53,101822,81],{"class":67},[53,101824,279],{"class":273},[53,101826,81],{"class":67},[53,101828,279],{"class":273},[53,101830,81],{"class":67},[53,101832,284],{"class":273},[53,101834,101],{"class":67},[53,101836,101837,101839,101841,101843,101845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101838,1936],{"class":59},[53,101840,64],{"class":63},[53,101842,68],{"class":67},[53,101844,1412],{"class":273},[53,101846,101],{"class":67},[53,101848,101849],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101850,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101852,101853,101855,101857,101859],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101854,132],{"class":131},[53,101856,116],{"class":67},[53,101858,464],{"class":112},[53,101860,125],{"class":67},[53,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101864,132],{"class":131},[53,101866,116],{"class":67},[53,101868,464],{"class":112},[53,101870,37],{"class":67},[53,101872,2166],{"class":112},[53,101874,116],{"class":67},[53,101876,637],{"class":112},[53,101878,1377],{"class":67},[20,101880,772],{},[44,101882,101884],{"className":46,"code":101883,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101885,101886,101902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101887,101888,101890,101892,101894,101896,101898,101900],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101889,153],{"class":67},[53,101891,274],{"class":273},[53,101893,81],{"class":67},[53,101895,279],{"class":273},[53,101897,81],{"class":67},[53,101899,284],{"class":273},[53,101901,101],{"class":67},[53,101903,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101905,153],{"class":67},[53,101907,274],{"class":273},[53,101909,81],{"class":67},[53,101911,279],{"class":273},[53,101913,101],{"class":67},[20,101915,101916,101917,101919],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,101918,99763],{}," runs.",[599,101921,101923],{"id":101922},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,101925,101926],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[44,101928,101930],{"className":46,"code":101929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,101931,101932,101956,101976,101980,101990,102000,102018,102040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,101933,101934,101936,101938,101940,101942,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952,101954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,101935,1908],{"class":59},[53,101937,64],{"class":63},[53,101939,68],{"class":67},[53,101941,274],{"class":273},[53,101943,81],{"class":67},[53,101945,279],{"class":273},[53,101947,81],{"class":67},[53,101949,284],{"class":273},[53,101951,81],{"class":67},[53,101953,1811],{"class":273},[53,101955,101],{"class":67},[53,101957,101958,101960,101962,101964,101966,101968,101970,101972,101974],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,101959,1936],{"class":59},[53,101961,64],{"class":63},[53,101963,68],{"class":67},[53,101965,1412],{"class":273},[53,101967,81],{"class":67},[53,101969,1811],{"class":273},[53,101971,81],{"class":67},[53,101973,3963],{"class":273},[53,101975,101],{"class":67},[53,101977,101978],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,101979,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,101981,101982,101984,101986,101988],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,101983,132],{"class":131},[53,101985,116],{"class":67},[53,101987,464],{"class":112},[53,101989,125],{"class":67},[53,101991,101992,101994,101996,101998],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,101993,132],{"class":131},[53,101995,116],{"class":67},[53,101997,637],{"class":112},[53,101999,125],{"class":67},[53,102001,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012,102014,102016],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,102003,132],{"class":131},[53,102005,116],{"class":67},[53,102007,464],{"class":112},[53,102009,37],{"class":67},[53,102011,2166],{"class":112},[53,102013,116],{"class":67},[53,102015,637],{"class":112},[53,102017,1377],{"class":67},[53,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034,102036,102038],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,102021,132],{"class":131},[53,102023,116],{"class":67},[53,102025,2578],{"class":550},[53,102027,116],{"class":67},[53,102029,464],{"class":112},[53,102031,37],{"class":67},[53,102033,2166],{"class":112},[53,102035,116],{"class":67},[53,102037,637],{"class":112},[53,102039,2267],{"class":67},[53,102041,102042,102044,102046,102048,102050,102052,102054,102056,102058,102060],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,102043,132],{"class":131},[53,102045,116],{"class":67},[53,102047,10528],{"class":131},[53,102049,116],{"class":67},[53,102051,464],{"class":112},[53,102053,37],{"class":67},[53,102055,2166],{"class":112},[53,102057,116],{"class":67},[53,102059,637],{"class":112},[53,102061,2267],{"class":67},[20,102063,10537],{},[193,102065,102066,102069,102072,102075],{},[196,102067,102068],{},"what is in each set",[196,102070,102071],{},"what result Python creates",[196,102073,102074],{},"that the result is a set",[196,102076,102077],{},"how many items remain",[44273,102079],{},[39,102081,1187],{"id":1186},[599,102083,1191,102085,102087],{"id":102084},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102086,99763],{}," change the original set?",[20,102089,102090],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[599,102092,4538,102094,594,102096,1222],{"id":102093},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102095,99763],{},[15,102097,100673],{},[20,102099,102100,102102,102103,102105],{},[15,102101,99763],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102104,100673],{}," modifies the original set.",[599,102107,27684,102109,102111],{"id":102108},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102110,99763],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102113,102114],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[599,102116,102118],{"id":102117},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102120,102121],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44273,102123],{},[39,102125,1244],{"id":1243},[193,102127,102128,102132,102140],{},[196,102129,102130],{},[464,102131,95687],{"href":96853},[196,102133,102134],{},[464,102135,827,102137,830],{"href":102136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102138,102139],{},"intersection()",[196,102141,102142],{},[464,102143,827,102145,830],{"href":102144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102146,102147],{},"union()",[1276,102149,102150],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":102152},[102153,102154,102156,102157,102158,102159,102161,102166,102168,102176,102185],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":99885,"depth":104,"text":102155},"What difference() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":100504,"depth":104,"text":102160},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100668,"depth":104,"text":102162,"children":102163},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102164,102165],{"id":2166,"depth":128,"text":99763},{"id":100821,"depth":128,"text":100673},{"id":100940,"depth":104,"text":102167},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":102169},[102170,102171,102172,102173,102174,102175],{"id":101210,"depth":128,"text":101211},{"id":101398,"depth":128,"text":101399},{"id":101549,"depth":128,"text":101550},{"id":101712,"depth":128,"text":101713},{"id":101797,"depth":128,"text":101798},{"id":101922,"depth":128,"text":101923},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":102177},[102178,102180,102182,102184],{"id":102084,"depth":128,"text":102179},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102093,"depth":128,"text":102181},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102108,"depth":128,"text":102183},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102117,"depth":128,"text":102118},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99755,"description":102186},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102193,"title":102194,"body":102195,"description":103885,"extension":1312,"meta":103886,"navigation":383,"path":103887,"seo":103888,"stem":103889,"__hash__":103890},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102196,"toc":103847},[102197,102202,102208,102220,102222,102322,102324,102369,102374,102379,102383,102397,102400,102408,102410,102429,102446,102450,102503,102505,102526,102533,102538,102565,102572,102671,102673,102710,102718,102722,102728,102731,102804,102806,102814,102819,102888,102890,102914,102916,102919,103022,103024,103085,103088,103092,103098,103171,103173,103206,103209,103212,103252,103258,103281,103286,103290,103301,103304,103306,103310,103316,103318,103375,103385,103387,103440,103447,103452,103520,103528,103534,103538,103540,103579,103584,103633,103637,103640,103642,103681,103684,103686,103691,103748,103750,103764,103766,103770,103776,103781,103786,103793,103804,103810,103815,103817,103844],[10,102198,13,102200,18],{"id":102199},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102201,589],{},[20,102203,102204,102207],{},[15,102205,102206],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102209,102210,102211,1540,102215,13413,102217,102219],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[464,102212,102213],{"href":97562},[15,102214,24],{},[15,102216,589],{},[30,102218,461],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[39,102221,42],{"id":41},[44,102223,102225],{"className":46,"code":102224,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102226,102227,102259,102277,102287,102291,102312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102228,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102230,60],{"class":59},[53,102232,64],{"class":63},[53,102234,68],{"class":67},[53,102236,72],{"class":71},[53,102238,76],{"class":75},[53,102240,72],{"class":71},[53,102242,81],{"class":67},[53,102244,84],{"class":71},[53,102246,87],{"class":75},[53,102248,72],{"class":71},[53,102250,81],{"class":67},[53,102252,84],{"class":71},[53,102254,96],{"class":75},[53,102256,72],{"class":71},[53,102258,101],{"class":67},[53,102260,102261,102263,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273,102275],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102262,107],{"class":59},[53,102264,37],{"class":67},[53,102266,693],{"class":112},[53,102268,116],{"class":67},[53,102270,72],{"class":71},[53,102272,87],{"class":75},[53,102274,72],{"class":71},[53,102276,125],{"class":67},[53,102278,102279,102281,102283,102285],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,102280,132],{"class":131},[53,102282,116],{"class":67},[53,102284,107],{"class":112},[53,102286,125],{"class":67},[53,102288,102289],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,102290,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102292,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307,102309],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,102294,107],{"class":59},[53,102296,37],{"class":67},[53,102298,693],{"class":112},[53,102300,116],{"class":67},[53,102302,72],{"class":71},[53,102304,531],{"class":75},[53,102306,72],{"class":71},[53,102308,3021],{"class":67},[53,102310,102311],{"class":3024},"  # no error if missing\n",[53,102313,102314,102316,102318,102320],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,102315,132],{"class":131},[53,102317,116],{"class":67},[53,102319,107],{"class":112},[53,102321,125],{"class":67},[20,102323,143],{},[44,102325,102327],{"className":46,"code":102326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102328,102329,102349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102330,102331,102333,102335,102337,102339,102341,102343,102345,102347],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102332,153],{"class":67},[53,102334,156],{"class":71},[53,102336,76],{"class":75},[53,102338,156],{"class":71},[53,102340,81],{"class":67},[53,102342,165],{"class":71},[53,102344,96],{"class":75},[53,102346,156],{"class":71},[53,102348,101],{"class":67},[53,102350,102351,102353,102355,102357,102359,102361,102363,102365,102367],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102352,153],{"class":67},[53,102354,156],{"class":71},[53,102356,76],{"class":75},[53,102358,156],{"class":71},[53,102360,81],{"class":67},[53,102362,165],{"class":71},[53,102364,96],{"class":75},[53,102366,156],{"class":71},[53,102368,101],{"class":67},[20,102370,174,102371,102373],{},[15,102372,589],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[39,102375,183,102377,186],{"id":102376},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102378,102206],{},[20,102380,102381,191],{},[15,102382,589],{},[193,102384,102385,102388,102391,102393],{},[196,102386,102387],{},"Removes one item from a set",[196,102389,102390],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[196,102392,201],{},[196,102394,10789,102395],{},[15,102396,849],{},[20,102398,102399],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102401,95683,102402,1219,102405,37],{},[464,102403,102404],{"href":98143},"what a set is in Python",[464,102406,102407],{"href":466},"how to create a set",[39,102409,217],{"id":216},[44,102411,102413],{"className":46,"code":102412,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102414,102415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102416,102417,102419,102421,102423,102425,102427],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102418,227],{"class":59},[53,102420,37],{"class":67},[53,102422,693],{"class":112},[53,102424,116],{"class":67},[53,102426,236],{"class":112},[53,102428,125],{"class":67},[193,102430,102431,102435,102440,102443],{},[196,102432,102433,245],{},[15,102434,227],{},[196,102436,102437,102439],{},[15,102438,236],{}," is the item you want to remove",[196,102441,102442],{},"The set must already exist",[196,102444,102445],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[599,102447,102449],{"id":102448},"example","Example",[44,102451,102453],{"className":46,"code":102452,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102454,102455,102479,102493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102456,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475,102477],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102458,266],{"class":59},[53,102460,64],{"class":63},[53,102462,68],{"class":67},[53,102464,274],{"class":273},[53,102466,81],{"class":67},[53,102468,279],{"class":273},[53,102470,81],{"class":67},[53,102472,284],{"class":273},[53,102474,81],{"class":67},[53,102476,1811],{"class":273},[53,102478,101],{"class":67},[53,102480,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102482,291],{"class":59},[53,102484,37],{"class":67},[53,102486,693],{"class":112},[53,102488,116],{"class":67},[53,102490,1412],{"class":273},[53,102492,125],{"class":67},[53,102494,102495,102497,102499,102501],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,102496,132],{"class":131},[53,102498,116],{"class":67},[53,102500,291],{"class":112},[53,102502,125],{"class":67},[20,102504,772],{},[44,102506,102508],{"className":46,"code":102507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102509,102510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102511,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102513,153],{"class":67},[53,102515,274],{"class":273},[53,102517,81],{"class":67},[53,102519,279],{"class":273},[53,102521,81],{"class":67},[53,102523,1811],{"class":273},[53,102525,101],{"class":67},[39,102527,102529,102530,102532],{"id":102528},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102531,589],{}," different",[20,102534,102535,102537],{},[15,102536,589],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[193,102539,102540,102553,102562],{},[196,102541,102542,102543,1540,102547,102549,102550,102552],{},"Unlike ",[464,102544,102545],{"href":97562},[15,102546,17],{},[15,102548,589],{}," does not raise ",[15,102551,36],{}," when the item is missing",[196,102554,102542,102555,1540,102559,102561],{},[464,102556,102557],{"href":1257},[15,102558,1260],{},[15,102560,589],{}," removes a specific item",[196,102563,102564],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[599,102566,102568,9952,102570],{"id":102567},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102569,589],{},[15,102571,17],{},[44,102573,102575],{"className":46,"code":102574,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102576,102577,102601,102605,102626,102636,102640,102661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102578,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595,102597,102599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102580,7144],{"class":59},[53,102582,64],{"class":63},[53,102584,68],{"class":67},[53,102586,72],{"class":71},[53,102588,356],{"class":75},[53,102590,72],{"class":71},[53,102592,81],{"class":67},[53,102594,84],{"class":71},[53,102596,365],{"class":75},[53,102598,72],{"class":71},[53,102600,101],{"class":67},[53,102602,102603],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102604,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102606,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,102608,7175],{"class":59},[53,102610,37],{"class":67},[53,102612,693],{"class":112},[53,102614,116],{"class":67},[53,102616,72],{"class":71},[53,102618,374],{"class":75},[53,102620,72],{"class":71},[53,102622,3021],{"class":67},[53,102624,102625],{"class":3024},"   # no error\n",[53,102627,102628,102630,102632,102634],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,102629,132],{"class":131},[53,102631,116],{"class":67},[53,102633,7175],{"class":112},[53,102635,125],{"class":67},[53,102637,102638],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,102639,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102641,102642,102644,102646,102648,102650,102652,102654,102656,102658],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,102643,7175],{"class":59},[53,102645,37],{"class":67},[53,102647,113],{"class":112},[53,102649,116],{"class":67},[53,102651,72],{"class":71},[53,102653,365],{"class":75},[53,102655,72],{"class":71},[53,102657,3021],{"class":67},[53,102659,102660],{"class":3024},"    # removes existing item\n",[53,102662,102663,102665,102667,102669],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,102664,132],{"class":131},[53,102666,116],{"class":67},[53,102668,7175],{"class":112},[53,102670,125],{"class":67},[20,102672,772],{},[44,102674,102676],{"className":46,"code":102675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102677,102678,102698],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102679,102680,102682,102684,102686,102688,102690,102692,102694,102696],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102681,153],{"class":67},[53,102683,156],{"class":71},[53,102685,356],{"class":75},[53,102687,156],{"class":71},[53,102689,81],{"class":67},[53,102691,165],{"class":71},[53,102693,365],{"class":75},[53,102695,156],{"class":71},[53,102697,101],{"class":67},[53,102699,102700,102702,102704,102706,102708],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102701,153],{"class":67},[53,102703,156],{"class":71},[53,102705,356],{"class":75},[53,102707,156],{"class":71},[53,102709,101],{"class":67},[20,102711,39697,102712,102714,102715,102717],{},[15,102713,17],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[464,102716,10441],{"href":578}," for more help with that case.",[39,102719,102721],{"id":102720},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102723,102724,1751,102726,37],{},[15,102725,589],{},[15,102727,849],{},[20,102729,102730],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[44,102732,102734],{"className":46,"code":102733,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102735,102736,102768,102790,102794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102737,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750,102752,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764,102766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102739,60],{"class":59},[53,102741,64],{"class":63},[53,102743,68],{"class":67},[53,102745,72],{"class":71},[53,102747,76],{"class":75},[53,102749,72],{"class":71},[53,102751,81],{"class":67},[53,102753,84],{"class":71},[53,102755,87],{"class":75},[53,102757,72],{"class":71},[53,102759,81],{"class":67},[53,102761,84],{"class":71},[53,102763,96],{"class":75},[53,102765,72],{"class":71},[53,102767,101],{"class":67},[53,102769,102770,102772,102774,102776,102778,102780,102782,102784,102786,102788],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102771,1582],{"class":59},[53,102773,64],{"class":63},[53,102775,899],{"class":59},[53,102777,37],{"class":67},[53,102779,693],{"class":112},[53,102781,116],{"class":67},[53,102783,72],{"class":71},[53,102785,87],{"class":75},[53,102787,72],{"class":71},[53,102789,125],{"class":67},[53,102791,102792],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,102793,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102795,102796,102798,102800,102802],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,102797,132],{"class":131},[53,102799,116],{"class":67},[53,102801,1617],{"class":112},[53,102803,125],{"class":67},[20,102805,772],{},[44,102807,102808],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,102809,102810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102811,102812],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102813,931],{"class":938},[20,102815,102816,102817,191],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,102818,107],{},[44,102820,102822],{"className":46,"code":102821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102823,102824,102856,102874,102878],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102825,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846,102848,102850,102852,102854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102827,60],{"class":59},[53,102829,64],{"class":63},[53,102831,68],{"class":67},[53,102833,72],{"class":71},[53,102835,76],{"class":75},[53,102837,72],{"class":71},[53,102839,81],{"class":67},[53,102841,84],{"class":71},[53,102843,87],{"class":75},[53,102845,72],{"class":71},[53,102847,81],{"class":67},[53,102849,84],{"class":71},[53,102851,96],{"class":75},[53,102853,72],{"class":71},[53,102855,101],{"class":67},[53,102857,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102859,107],{"class":59},[53,102861,37],{"class":67},[53,102863,693],{"class":112},[53,102865,116],{"class":67},[53,102867,72],{"class":71},[53,102869,87],{"class":75},[53,102871,72],{"class":71},[53,102873,125],{"class":67},[53,102875,102876],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,102877,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102879,102880,102882,102884,102886],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,102881,132],{"class":131},[53,102883,116],{"class":67},[53,102885,107],{"class":112},[53,102887,125],{"class":67},[20,102889,772],{},[44,102891,102892],{"className":46,"code":146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,102893,102894],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102895,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906,102908,102910,102912],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102897,153],{"class":67},[53,102899,156],{"class":71},[53,102901,76],{"class":75},[53,102903,156],{"class":71},[53,102905,81],{"class":67},[53,102907,165],{"class":71},[53,102909,96],{"class":75},[53,102911,156],{"class":71},[53,102913,101],{"class":67},[39,102915,337],{"id":336},[20,102917,102918],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[44,102920,102922],{"className":46,"code":102921,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,102923,102924,102956,102960,102978,102982,103000,103004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,102925,102926,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944,102946,102948,102950,102952,102954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,102927,347],{"class":59},[53,102929,64],{"class":63},[53,102931,68],{"class":67},[53,102933,72],{"class":71},[53,102935,356],{"class":75},[53,102937,72],{"class":71},[53,102939,81],{"class":67},[53,102941,84],{"class":71},[53,102943,365],{"class":75},[53,102945,72],{"class":71},[53,102947,81],{"class":67},[53,102949,84],{"class":71},[53,102951,374],{"class":75},[53,102953,72],{"class":71},[53,102955,101],{"class":67},[53,102957,102958],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,102959,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102961,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,102963,132],{"class":131},[53,102965,116],{"class":67},[53,102967,72],{"class":71},[53,102969,10928],{"class":75},[53,102971,72],{"class":71},[53,102973,81],{"class":67},[53,102975,52210],{"class":112},[53,102977,125],{"class":67},[53,102979,102980],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,102981,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,102983,102984,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,102985,389],{"class":59},[53,102987,37],{"class":67},[53,102989,693],{"class":112},[53,102991,116],{"class":67},[53,102993,72],{"class":71},[53,102995,365],{"class":75},[53,102997,72],{"class":71},[53,102999,125],{"class":67},[53,103001,103002],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,103003,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,103005,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014,103016,103018,103020],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,103007,132],{"class":131},[53,103009,116],{"class":67},[53,103011,72],{"class":71},[53,103013,10968],{"class":75},[53,103015,72],{"class":71},[53,103017,81],{"class":67},[53,103019,52210],{"class":112},[53,103021,125],{"class":67},[20,103023,772],{},[44,103025,103027],{"className":46,"code":103026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103028,103029,103061],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103030,103031,103033,103035,103037,103039,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103032,10988],{"class":59},[53,103034,191],{"class":67},[53,103036,68],{"class":67},[53,103038,156],{"class":71},[53,103040,365],{"class":75},[53,103042,156],{"class":71},[53,103044,81],{"class":67},[53,103046,165],{"class":71},[53,103048,356],{"class":75},[53,103050,156],{"class":71},[53,103052,81],{"class":67},[53,103054,165],{"class":71},[53,103056,374],{"class":75},[53,103058,156],{"class":71},[53,103060,101],{"class":67},[53,103062,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103064,11041],{"class":59},[53,103066,191],{"class":67},[53,103068,68],{"class":67},[53,103070,156],{"class":71},[53,103072,356],{"class":75},[53,103074,156],{"class":71},[53,103076,81],{"class":67},[53,103078,165],{"class":71},[53,103080,374],{"class":75},[53,103082,156],{"class":71},[53,103084,101],{"class":67},[20,103086,103087],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[39,103089,103091],{"id":103090},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103093,103094,103095,103097],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103096,589],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[44,103099,103101],{"className":46,"code":103100,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103102,103103,103135,103139,103157,103161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103104,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125,103127,103129,103131,103133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103106,347],{"class":59},[53,103108,64],{"class":63},[53,103110,68],{"class":67},[53,103112,72],{"class":71},[53,103114,356],{"class":75},[53,103116,72],{"class":71},[53,103118,81],{"class":67},[53,103120,84],{"class":71},[53,103122,365],{"class":75},[53,103124,72],{"class":71},[53,103126,81],{"class":67},[53,103128,84],{"class":71},[53,103130,374],{"class":75},[53,103132,72],{"class":71},[53,103134,101],{"class":67},[53,103136,103137],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103138,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,103140,103141,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103142,389],{"class":59},[53,103144,37],{"class":67},[53,103146,693],{"class":112},[53,103148,116],{"class":67},[53,103150,72],{"class":71},[53,103152,21886],{"class":75},[53,103154,72],{"class":71},[53,103156,125],{"class":67},[53,103158,103159],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,103160,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,103162,103163,103165,103167,103169],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,103164,132],{"class":131},[53,103166,116],{"class":67},[53,103168,389],{"class":112},[53,103170,125],{"class":67},[20,103172,772],{},[44,103174,103176],{"className":46,"code":103175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103177,103178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103179,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103181,153],{"class":67},[53,103183,156],{"class":71},[53,103185,365],{"class":75},[53,103187,156],{"class":71},[53,103189,81],{"class":67},[53,103191,165],{"class":71},[53,103193,356],{"class":75},[53,103195,156],{"class":71},[53,103197,81],{"class":67},[53,103199,165],{"class":71},[53,103201,374],{"class":75},[53,103203,156],{"class":71},[53,103205,101],{"class":67},[20,103207,103208],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103210,103211],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[44,103213,103215],{"className":46,"code":103214,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103216,103217,103233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103218,103219,103221,103223,103225,103227,103229,103231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103220,1106],{"class":1105},[53,103222,84],{"class":71},[53,103224,21886],{"class":75},[53,103226,72],{"class":71},[53,103228,1115],{"class":63},[53,103230,52210],{"class":59},[53,103232,1120],{"class":67},[53,103234,103235,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248,103250],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103236,103237],{"class":59},"    fruits",[53,103239,37],{"class":67},[53,103241,113],{"class":112},[53,103243,116],{"class":67},[53,103245,72],{"class":71},[53,103247,21886],{"class":75},[53,103249,72],{"class":71},[53,103251,125],{"class":67},[20,103253,103254,103255,103257],{},"With ",[15,103256,589],{},", you can simply write:",[44,103259,103261],{"className":46,"code":103260,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103262,103263],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103264,103265,103267,103269,103271,103273,103275,103277,103279],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103266,389],{"class":59},[53,103268,37],{"class":67},[53,103270,693],{"class":112},[53,103272,116],{"class":67},[53,103274,72],{"class":71},[53,103276,21886],{"class":75},[53,103278,72],{"class":71},[53,103280,125],{"class":67},[39,103282,4319,103284],{"id":103283},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103285,589],{},[20,103287,174,103288,9968],{},[15,103289,589],{},[193,103291,103292,103295,103298],{},[196,103293,103294],{},"Missing values are normal",[196,103296,103297],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[196,103299,103300],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103302,103303],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[39,103305,2185],{"id":2184},[20,103307,7815,103308,37],{},[15,103309,589],{},[599,103311,838,103313,103315],{"id":103312},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103314,589],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103317,3883],{},[44,103319,103321],{"className":46,"code":103320,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103322,103323,103343,103361,103365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103324,103325,103327,103329,103331,103333,103335,103337,103339,103341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103326,266],{"class":59},[53,103328,64],{"class":63},[53,103330,68],{"class":67},[53,103332,274],{"class":273},[53,103334,81],{"class":67},[53,103336,279],{"class":273},[53,103338,81],{"class":67},[53,103340,284],{"class":273},[53,103342,101],{"class":67},[53,103344,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355,103357,103359],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103346,266],{"class":59},[53,103348,64],{"class":63},[53,103350,3622],{"class":59},[53,103352,37],{"class":67},[53,103354,693],{"class":112},[53,103356,116],{"class":67},[53,103358,300],{"class":273},[53,103360,125],{"class":67},[53,103362,103363],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103364,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,103366,103367,103369,103371,103373],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,103368,132],{"class":131},[53,103370,116],{"class":67},[53,103372,291],{"class":112},[53,103374,125],{"class":67},[20,103376,103377,41510,103379,7969,103381,1751,103383,37],{},[15,103378,291],{},[15,103380,849],{},[15,103382,589],{},[15,103384,849],{},[20,103386,18197],{},[44,103388,103390],{"className":46,"code":103389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103391,103392,103412,103426,103430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103393,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404,103406,103408,103410],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103395,266],{"class":59},[53,103397,64],{"class":63},[53,103399,68],{"class":67},[53,103401,274],{"class":273},[53,103403,81],{"class":67},[53,103405,279],{"class":273},[53,103407,81],{"class":67},[53,103409,284],{"class":273},[53,103411,101],{"class":67},[53,103413,103414,103416,103418,103420,103422,103424],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103415,291],{"class":59},[53,103417,37],{"class":67},[53,103419,693],{"class":112},[53,103421,116],{"class":67},[53,103423,300],{"class":273},[53,103425,125],{"class":67},[53,103427,103428],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103429,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,103431,103432,103434,103436,103438],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,103433,132],{"class":131},[53,103435,116],{"class":67},[53,103437,291],{"class":112},[53,103439,125],{"class":67},[599,103441,1151,103443,1154,103445],{"id":103442},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103444,589],{},[15,103446,17],{},[20,103448,103449,103450,37],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103451,589],{},[44,103453,103455],{"className":46,"code":103454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103456,103457,103489,103510],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103458,103459,103461,103463,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103460,620],{"class":59},[53,103462,64],{"class":63},[53,103464,68],{"class":67},[53,103466,72],{"class":71},[53,103468,464],{"class":75},[53,103470,72],{"class":71},[53,103472,81],{"class":67},[53,103474,84],{"class":71},[53,103476,637],{"class":75},[53,103478,72],{"class":71},[53,103480,81],{"class":67},[53,103482,84],{"class":71},[53,103484,646],{"class":75},[53,103486,72],{"class":71},[53,103488,101],{"class":67},[53,103490,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103492,655],{"class":59},[53,103494,37],{"class":67},[53,103496,693],{"class":112},[53,103498,116],{"class":67},[53,103500,72],{"class":71},[53,103502,21432],{"class":75},[53,103504,72],{"class":71},[53,103506,3021],{"class":67},[53,103508,103509],{"class":3024},"   # safe\n",[53,103511,103512,103514,103516,103518],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103513,132],{"class":131},[53,103515,116],{"class":67},[53,103517,655],{"class":112},[53,103519,125],{"class":67},[20,103521,103522,103523,45265,103526,37],{},"If you use ",[15,103524,103525],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103527,36],{},[599,103529,24971,103531,103533],{"id":103530},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103532,589],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103535,103536,101555],{},[15,103537,589],{},[20,103539,852],{},[44,103541,103543],{"className":46,"code":103542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103544,103545,103565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103546,103547,103549,103551,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103548,7144],{"class":59},[53,103550,64],{"class":63},[53,103552,2982],{"class":67},[53,103554,274],{"class":273},[53,103556,81],{"class":67},[53,103558,279],{"class":273},[53,103560,81],{"class":67},[53,103562,284],{"class":273},[53,103564,2995],{"class":67},[53,103566,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103568,7175],{"class":59},[53,103570,37],{"class":67},[53,103572,693],{"class":112},[53,103574,116],{"class":67},[53,103576,300],{"class":273},[53,103578,125],{"class":67},[20,103580,103581,103582,191],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103583,589],{},[44,103585,103587],{"className":46,"code":103586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103588,103589,103609,103623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103590,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103592,7144],{"class":59},[53,103594,64],{"class":63},[53,103596,68],{"class":67},[53,103598,274],{"class":273},[53,103600,81],{"class":67},[53,103602,279],{"class":273},[53,103604,81],{"class":67},[53,103606,284],{"class":273},[53,103608,101],{"class":67},[53,103610,103611,103613,103615,103617,103619,103621],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103612,7175],{"class":59},[53,103614,37],{"class":67},[53,103616,693],{"class":112},[53,103618,116],{"class":67},[53,103620,300],{"class":273},[53,103622,125],{"class":67},[53,103624,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103626,132],{"class":131},[53,103628,116],{"class":67},[53,103630,7175],{"class":112},[53,103632,125],{"class":67},[599,103634,103636],{"id":103635},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103638,103639],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103641,2192],{},[44,103643,103645],{"className":46,"code":103644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103646,103647,103667],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103648,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659,103661,103663,103665],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103650,8534],{"class":59},[53,103652,64],{"class":63},[53,103654,68],{"class":67},[53,103656,274],{"class":273},[53,103658,81],{"class":67},[53,103660,279],{"class":273},[53,103662,81],{"class":67},[53,103664,284],{"class":273},[53,103666,101],{"class":67},[53,103668,103669,103671,103673,103675,103677,103679],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103670,8573],{"class":59},[53,103672,37],{"class":67},[53,103674,693],{"class":112},[53,103676,2341],{"class":67},[53,103678,300],{"class":273},[53,103680,3248],{"class":67},[20,103682,103683],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[39,103685,8240],{"id":8239},[20,103687,8243,103688,103690],{},[15,103689,589],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[44,103692,103694],{"className":46,"code":103693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103695,103696,103706,103720,103734],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103697,103698,103700,103702,103704],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103699,132],{"class":131},[53,103701,116],{"class":67},[53,103703,227],{"class":112},[53,103705,125],{"class":67},[53,103707,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103709,132],{"class":131},[53,103711,116],{"class":67},[53,103713,2578],{"class":550},[53,103715,116],{"class":67},[53,103717,227],{"class":112},[53,103719,1377],{"class":67},[53,103721,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103723,132],{"class":131},[53,103725,116],{"class":67},[53,103727,1801],{"class":112},[53,103729,1067],{"class":1105},[53,103731,96281],{"class":112},[53,103733,125],{"class":67},[53,103735,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,103737,31506],{"class":131},[53,103739,116],{"class":67},[53,103741,5649],{"class":550},[53,103743,37],{"class":67},[53,103745,693],{"class":24104},[53,103747,125],{"class":67},[20,103749,10537],{},[193,103751,103752,103755,103758,103761],{},[196,103753,103754],{},"What is currently in the set",[196,103756,103757],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[196,103759,103760],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[196,103762,103763],{},"How Python documents the method",[39,103765,1187],{"id":1186},[599,103767,103769],{"id":103768},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,103771,103772,103773,103775],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,103774,589],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[599,103777,4501,103779,12080],{"id":103778},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,103780,102206],{},[20,103782,4507,103783,103785],{},[15,103784,849],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[599,103787,4538,103789,594,103791,1222],{"id":103788},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,103790,589],{},[15,103792,17],{},[20,103794,103795,103796,25893,103798,103800,103801,103803],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,103797,17],{},[15,103799,36],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,103802,589],{}," does not.",[599,103805,27684,103807,103809],{"id":103806},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,103808,589],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,103811,45722,103812,103814],{},[15,103813,589],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[39,103816,1244],{"id":1243},[193,103818,103819,103825,103831,103836,103840],{},[196,103820,103821],{},[464,103822,827,103823,830],{"href":97562},[15,103824,17],{},[196,103826,103827],{},[464,103828,827,103829,830],{"href":1257},[15,103830,1260],{},[196,103832,103833],{},[464,103834,103835],{"href":466},"Python set: creating a set",[196,103837,103838],{},[464,103839,99698],{"href":98143},[196,103841,103842],{},[464,103843,579],{"href":578},[1276,103845,103846],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":103848},[103849,103850,103852,103855,103860,103861,103862,103863,103865,103874,103875,103884],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":102376,"depth":104,"text":103851},"What set.discard() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":103853},[103854],{"id":102448,"depth":128,"text":102449},{"id":102528,"depth":104,"text":103856,"children":103857},"What makes discard() different",[103858],{"id":102567,"depth":128,"text":103859},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102720,"depth":104,"text":102721},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":103090,"depth":104,"text":103091},{"id":103283,"depth":104,"text":103864},"When to use discard()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":103866},[103867,103869,103871,103873],{"id":103312,"depth":128,"text":103868},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103442,"depth":128,"text":103870},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103530,"depth":128,"text":103872},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103635,"depth":128,"text":103636},{"id":8239,"depth":104,"text":8240},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":103876},[103877,103878,103880,103882],{"id":103768,"depth":128,"text":103769},{"id":103778,"depth":128,"text":103879},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":103788,"depth":128,"text":103881},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":103806,"depth":128,"text":103883},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102194,"description":103885},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":103892,"title":103893,"body":103894,"description":105900,"extension":1312,"meta":105901,"navigation":383,"path":105902,"seo":105903,"stem":105904,"__hash__":105905},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":103895,"toc":105858},[103896,103899,103907,103912,103923,103925,103980,103984,104004,104009,104013,104018,104020,104034,104036,104111,104113,104146,104151,104156,104158,104160,104175,104178,104186,104191,104206,104208,104297,104299,104388,104394,104398,104400,104438,104440,104464,104467,104482,104484,104539,104541,104574,104576,104581,104585,104589,104594,104659,104661,104681,104687,104691,104748,104750,104771,104775,104780,104825,104827,104860,104863,104867,104900,104902,104931,104935,104939,104942,104944,104963,104965,105011,105016,105030,105032,105063,105068,105071,105115,105117,105145,105149,105153,105169,105172,105237,105239,105251,105254,105258,105261,105266,105294,105296,105314,105320,105359,105361,105379,105385,105414,105416,105434,105437,105454,105456,105461,105465,105468,105494,105501,105506,105521,105530,105534,105537,105568,105574,105577,105586,105589,105591,105593,105651,105654,105679,105681,105685,105688,105692,105700,105704,105707,105711,105714,105716,105739,105741,105782,105789,105797,105800,105831,105833,105855],[10,103897,103893],{"id":103898},"python-set-function-explained",[20,103900,8491,103901,103903,103904,37],{},[15,103902,3157],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[30,103905,103906],{},"unique values only",[20,103908,34760,103909,103911],{},[15,103910,3157],{}," to:",[193,103913,103914,103917,103920],{},[196,103915,103916],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[196,103918,103919],{},"check whether a value exists",[196,103921,103922],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[39,103924,42],{"id":41},[44,103926,103928],{"className":46,"code":103927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,103929,103930,103954,103969],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103931,103932,103934,103936,103938,103940,103942,103944,103946,103948,103950,103952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103933,266],{"class":59},[53,103935,64],{"class":63},[53,103937,2982],{"class":67},[53,103939,274],{"class":273},[53,103941,81],{"class":67},[53,103943,279],{"class":273},[53,103945,81],{"class":67},[53,103947,279],{"class":273},[53,103949,81],{"class":67},[53,103951,284],{"class":273},[53,103953,2995],{"class":67},[53,103955,103956,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,103957,103958],{"class":59},"unique_numbers ",[53,103960,64],{"class":63},[53,103962,14994],{"class":550},[53,103964,116],{"class":67},[53,103966,291],{"class":112},[53,103968,125],{"class":67},[53,103970,103971,103973,103975,103978],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,103972,132],{"class":131},[53,103974,116],{"class":67},[53,103976,103977],{"class":112},"unique_numbers",[53,103979,125],{"class":67},[20,103981,103982],{},[30,103983,772],{},[44,103985,103986],{"className":46,"code":95965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,103987,103988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,103989,103990,103992,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,103991,153],{"class":67},[53,103993,274],{"class":273},[53,103995,81],{"class":67},[53,103997,279],{"class":273},[53,103999,81],{"class":67},[53,104001,284],{"class":273},[53,104003,101],{"class":67},[20,104005,174,104006,104008],{},[15,104007,3157],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[39,104010,104012],{"id":104011},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104014,104015,104017],{},[15,104016,3157],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104019,29893],{},[193,104021,104022,104025,104028,104031],{},[196,104023,104024],{},"A set stores unique items only",[196,104026,104027],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[196,104029,104030],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[196,104032,104033],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104035,1559],{},[44,104037,104039],{"className":46,"code":104038,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104040,104041,104081,104096,104100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104042,104043,104045,104047,104049,104051,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069,104071,104073,104075,104077,104079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104044,60],{"class":59},[53,104046,64],{"class":63},[53,104048,2982],{"class":67},[53,104050,72],{"class":71},[53,104052,76],{"class":75},[53,104054,72],{"class":71},[53,104056,81],{"class":67},[53,104058,84],{"class":71},[53,104060,87],{"class":75},[53,104062,72],{"class":71},[53,104064,81],{"class":67},[53,104066,84],{"class":71},[53,104068,76],{"class":75},[53,104070,72],{"class":71},[53,104072,81],{"class":67},[53,104074,84],{"class":71},[53,104076,96],{"class":75},[53,104078,72],{"class":71},[53,104080,2995],{"class":67},[53,104082,104083,104086,104088,104090,104092,104094],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104084,104085],{"class":59},"unique_colors ",[53,104087,64],{"class":63},[53,104089,14994],{"class":550},[53,104091,116],{"class":67},[53,104093,107],{"class":112},[53,104095,125],{"class":67},[53,104097,104098],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104099,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,104101,104102,104104,104106,104109],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104103,132],{"class":131},[53,104105,116],{"class":67},[53,104107,104108],{"class":112},"unique_colors",[53,104110,125],{"class":67},[20,104112,143],{},[44,104114,104116],{"className":46,"code":104115,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104117,104118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104119,104120,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138,104140,104142,104144],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104121,153],{"class":67},[53,104123,156],{"class":71},[53,104125,87],{"class":75},[53,104127,156],{"class":71},[53,104129,81],{"class":67},[53,104131,165],{"class":71},[53,104133,96],{"class":75},[53,104135,156],{"class":71},[53,104137,81],{"class":67},[53,104139,165],{"class":71},[53,104141,76],{"class":75},[53,104143,156],{"class":71},[53,104145,101],{"class":67},[20,104147,1639,104148,104150],{},[15,104149,64751],{}," appears only once.",[20,104152,104153,104154,37],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[464,104155,95687],{"href":95686},[39,104157,217],{"id":216},[20,104159,1510],{},[44,104161,104163],{"className":46,"code":104162,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104164,104165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104166,104167,104169,104171,104173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104168,5649],{"class":550},[53,104170,116],{"class":67},[53,104172,3081],{"class":112},[53,104174,125],{"class":67},[20,104176,104177],{},"The argument is optional.",[193,104179,104180,104183],{},[196,104181,104182],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[196,104184,104185],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104187,104188,104189,191],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104190,3157],{},[193,104192,104193,104195,104197,104199,104203],{},[196,104194,7460],{},[196,104196,48311],{},[196,104198,60533],{},[196,104200,104201],{},[15,104202,35552],{},[196,104204,104205],{},"another set",[20,104207,1476],{},[44,104209,104211],{"className":46,"code":104210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104212,104213,104239,104261,104279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104214,104215,104217,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235,104237],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104216,132],{"class":131},[53,104218,116],{"class":67},[53,104220,5649],{"class":550},[53,104222,2341],{"class":67},[53,104224,274],{"class":273},[53,104226,81],{"class":67},[53,104228,279],{"class":273},[53,104230,81],{"class":67},[53,104232,279],{"class":273},[53,104234,81],{"class":67},[53,104236,284],{"class":273},[53,104238,2354],{"class":67},[53,104240,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251,104253,104255,104257,104259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104242,132],{"class":131},[53,104244,116],{"class":67},[53,104246,5649],{"class":550},[53,104248,4871],{"class":67},[53,104250,1684],{"class":273},[53,104252,81],{"class":67},[53,104254,7155],{"class":273},[53,104256,81],{"class":67},[53,104258,5366],{"class":273},[53,104260,2267],{"class":67},[53,104262,104263,104265,104267,104269,104271,104273,104275,104277],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104264,132],{"class":131},[53,104266,116],{"class":67},[53,104268,5649],{"class":550},[53,104270,116],{"class":67},[53,104272,72],{"class":71},[53,104274,3206],{"class":75},[53,104276,72],{"class":71},[53,104278,1377],{"class":67},[53,104280,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291,104293,104295],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104282,132],{"class":131},[53,104284,116],{"class":67},[53,104286,5649],{"class":550},[53,104288,116],{"class":67},[53,104290,59357],{"class":131},[53,104292,116],{"class":67},[53,104294,1858],{"class":273},[53,104296,2267],{"class":67},[20,104298,143],{},[44,104300,104302],{"className":46,"code":104301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104303,104304,104320,104332,104368],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104305,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104307,153],{"class":67},[53,104309,274],{"class":273},[53,104311,81],{"class":67},[53,104313,279],{"class":273},[53,104315,81],{"class":67},[53,104317,284],{"class":273},[53,104319,101],{"class":67},[53,104321,104322,104324,104326,104328,104330],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104323,153],{"class":67},[53,104325,1684],{"class":273},[53,104327,81],{"class":67},[53,104329,7155],{"class":273},[53,104331,101],{"class":67},[53,104333,104334,104336,104338,104340,104342,104344,104346,104348,104350,104352,104354,104356,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104335,153],{"class":67},[53,104337,156],{"class":71},[53,104339,59797],{"class":75},[53,104341,156],{"class":71},[53,104343,81],{"class":67},[53,104345,165],{"class":71},[53,104347,59806],{"class":75},[53,104349,156],{"class":71},[53,104351,81],{"class":67},[53,104353,165],{"class":71},[53,104355,59815],{"class":75},[53,104357,156],{"class":71},[53,104359,81],{"class":67},[53,104361,165],{"class":71},[53,104363,59832],{"class":75},[53,104365,156],{"class":71},[53,104367,101],{"class":67},[53,104369,104370,104372,104374,104376,104378,104380,104382,104384,104386],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104371,153],{"class":67},[53,104373,1470],{"class":273},[53,104375,81],{"class":67},[53,104377,4858],{"class":273},[53,104379,81],{"class":67},[53,104381,279],{"class":273},[53,104383,81],{"class":67},[53,104385,284],{"class":273},[53,104387,101],{"class":67},[20,104389,104390,104391,37],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[464,104392,104393],{"href":64207},"Python list() function explained",[39,104395,104397],{"id":104396},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104399,97632],{},[44,104401,104402],{"className":46,"code":98595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104403,104404,104414,104424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104405,104406,104408,104410,104412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104407,97642],{"class":59},[53,104409,64],{"class":63},[53,104411,14994],{"class":550},[53,104413,8011],{"class":67},[53,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104417,132],{"class":131},[53,104419,116],{"class":67},[53,104421,97661],{"class":112},[53,104423,125],{"class":67},[53,104425,104426,104428,104430,104432,104434,104436],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104427,132],{"class":131},[53,104429,116],{"class":67},[53,104431,2578],{"class":550},[53,104433,116],{"class":67},[53,104435,97661],{"class":112},[53,104437,1377],{"class":67},[20,104439,772],{},[44,104441,104442],{"className":46,"code":98638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104443,104444,104450],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104445,104446,104448],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104447,5649],{"class":550},[53,104449,8011],{"class":67},[53,104451,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460,104462],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104453,2647],{"class":63},[53,104455,2650],{"class":1415},[53,104457,165],{"class":71},[53,104459,5649],{"class":75},[53,104461,156],{"class":71},[53,104463,2659],{"class":63},[20,104465,104466],{},"This is important because:",[193,104468,104469,104474],{},[196,104470,104471,104473],{},[15,104472,3157],{}," creates an empty set",[196,104475,104476,104478,104479,104481],{},[15,104477,3152],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[30,104480,461],{}," a set",[20,104483,1559],{},[44,104485,104487],{"className":46,"code":104486,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104488,104489,104499,104507,104511,104525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104490,104491,104493,104495,104497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104492,1908],{"class":59},[53,104494,64],{"class":63},[53,104496,14994],{"class":550},[53,104498,8011],{"class":67},[53,104500,104501,104503,104505],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104502,1936],{"class":59},[53,104504,64],{"class":63},[53,104506,9205],{"class":67},[53,104508,104509],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104510,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,104512,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104514,132],{"class":131},[53,104516,116],{"class":67},[53,104518,2578],{"class":550},[53,104520,116],{"class":67},[53,104522,464],{"class":112},[53,104524,1377],{"class":67},[53,104526,104527,104529,104531,104533,104535,104537],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,104528,132],{"class":131},[53,104530,116],{"class":67},[53,104532,2578],{"class":550},[53,104534,116],{"class":67},[53,104536,637],{"class":112},[53,104538,1377],{"class":67},[20,104540,772],{},[44,104542,104544],{"className":46,"code":104543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104545,104546,104560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104547,104548,104550,104552,104554,104556,104558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104549,2647],{"class":63},[53,104551,2650],{"class":1415},[53,104553,165],{"class":71},[53,104555,5649],{"class":75},[53,104557,156],{"class":71},[53,104559,2659],{"class":63},[53,104561,104562,104564,104566,104568,104570,104572],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104563,2647],{"class":63},[53,104565,2650],{"class":1415},[53,104567,165],{"class":71},[53,104569,8189],{"class":75},[53,104571,156],{"class":71},[53,104573,2659],{"class":63},[20,104575,13408],{},[20,104577,104578,104579,37],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[464,104580,103835],{"href":95690},[39,104582,104584],{"id":104583},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[599,104586,104588],{"id":104587},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104590,104591,104592,37],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104593,3157],{},[44,104595,104597],{"className":46,"code":104596,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104598,104599,104631,104645,104649],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104600,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627,104629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104602,266],{"class":59},[53,104604,64],{"class":63},[53,104606,2982],{"class":67},[53,104608,274],{"class":273},[53,104610,81],{"class":67},[53,104612,279],{"class":273},[53,104614,81],{"class":67},[53,104616,279],{"class":273},[53,104618,81],{"class":67},[53,104620,284],{"class":273},[53,104622,81],{"class":67},[53,104624,284],{"class":273},[53,104626,81],{"class":67},[53,104628,284],{"class":273},[53,104630,2995],{"class":67},[53,104632,104633,104635,104637,104639,104641,104643],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104634,1582],{"class":59},[53,104636,64],{"class":63},[53,104638,14994],{"class":550},[53,104640,116],{"class":67},[53,104642,291],{"class":112},[53,104644,125],{"class":67},[53,104646,104647],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104648,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,104650,104651,104653,104655,104657],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104652,132],{"class":131},[53,104654,116],{"class":67},[53,104656,1617],{"class":112},[53,104658,125],{"class":67},[20,104660,772],{},[44,104662,104663],{"className":46,"code":95965,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,104664,104665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104666,104667,104669,104671,104673,104675,104677,104679],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104668,153],{"class":67},[53,104670,274],{"class":273},[53,104672,81],{"class":67},[53,104674,279],{"class":273},[53,104676,81],{"class":67},[53,104678,284],{"class":273},[53,104680,101],{"class":67},[20,104682,104683,104684,37],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[464,104685,1173],{"href":104686},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[599,104688,104690],{"id":104689},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[44,104692,104694],{"className":46,"code":104693,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104695,104696,104720,104734,104738],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104697,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708,104710,104712,104714,104716,104718],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104699,3183],{"class":59},[53,104701,64],{"class":63},[53,104703,8605],{"class":67},[53,104705,1487],{"class":273},[53,104707,81],{"class":67},[53,104709,3963],{"class":273},[53,104711,81],{"class":67},[53,104713,5366],{"class":273},[53,104715,81],{"class":67},[53,104717,37289],{"class":273},[53,104719,125],{"class":67},[53,104721,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730,104732],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104723,1582],{"class":59},[53,104725,64],{"class":63},[53,104727,14994],{"class":550},[53,104729,116],{"class":67},[53,104731,4718],{"class":112},[53,104733,125],{"class":67},[53,104735,104736],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104737,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,104739,104740,104742,104744,104746],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104741,132],{"class":131},[53,104743,116],{"class":67},[53,104745,1617],{"class":112},[53,104747,125],{"class":67},[20,104749,772],{},[44,104751,104753],{"className":46,"code":104752,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,104754,104755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104756,104757,104759,104761,104763,104765,104767,104769],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104758,153],{"class":67},[53,104760,1487],{"class":273},[53,104762,81],{"class":67},[53,104764,5366],{"class":273},[53,104766,81],{"class":67},[53,104768,37289],{"class":273},[53,104770,101],{"class":67},[599,104772,104774],{"id":104773},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,104776,50486,104777,104779],{},[15,104778,3157],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[44,104781,104783],{"className":46,"code":104782,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104784,104785,104797,104811,104815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104786,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104788,34042],{"class":59},[53,104790,64],{"class":63},[53,104792,84],{"class":71},[53,104794,365],{"class":75},[53,104796,2715],{"class":71},[53,104798,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104800,1582],{"class":59},[53,104802,64],{"class":63},[53,104804,14994],{"class":550},[53,104806,116],{"class":67},[53,104808,34063],{"class":112},[53,104810,125],{"class":67},[53,104812,104813],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,104814,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,104816,104817,104819,104821,104823],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,104818,132],{"class":131},[53,104820,116],{"class":67},[53,104822,1617],{"class":112},[53,104824,125],{"class":67},[20,104826,143],{},[44,104828,104830],{"className":46,"code":104829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,104831,104832],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844,104846,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104835,153],{"class":67},[53,104837,156],{"class":71},[53,104839,637],{"class":75},[53,104841,156],{"class":71},[53,104843,81],{"class":67},[53,104845,165],{"class":71},[53,104847,464],{"class":75},[53,104849,156],{"class":71},[53,104851,81],{"class":67},[53,104853,165],{"class":71},[53,104855,75389],{"class":75},[53,104857,156],{"class":71},[53,104859,101],{"class":67},[20,104861,104862],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[599,104864,104866],{"id":104865},"from-range","From range()",[44,104868,104870],{"className":46,"code":104869,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,104871,104872,104890],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104873,104874,104876,104878,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104875,1582],{"class":59},[53,104877,64],{"class":63},[53,104879,14994],{"class":550},[53,104881,116],{"class":67},[53,104883,59357],{"class":131},[53,104885,116],{"class":67},[53,104887,1487],{"class":273},[53,104889,1377],{"class":67},[53,104891,104892,104894,104896,104898],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,104893,132],{"class":131},[53,104895,116],{"class":67},[53,104897,1617],{"class":112},[53,104899,125],{"class":67},[20,104901,772],{},[44,104903,104905],{"className":46,"code":104904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,104906,104907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104908,104909,104911,104913,104915,104917,104919,104921,104923,104925,104927,104929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104910,153],{"class":67},[53,104912,1470],{"class":273},[53,104914,81],{"class":67},[53,104916,4858],{"class":273},[53,104918,81],{"class":67},[53,104920,279],{"class":273},[53,104922,81],{"class":67},[53,104924,284],{"class":273},[53,104926,81],{"class":67},[53,104928,1811],{"class":273},[53,104930,101],{"class":67},[39,104932,104934],{"id":104933},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,104936,98875,104937,37],{},[30,104938,95729],{},[20,104940,104941],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,104943,98881],{},[193,104945,104946,104950,104954,104958],{},[196,104947,104948],{},[15,104949,1539],{},[196,104951,104952],{},[15,104953,2801],{},[196,104955,104956],{},[15,104957,1543],{},[196,104959,104960,104962],{},[15,104961,48311],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,104964,1559],{},[44,104966,104968],{"className":46,"code":104967,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,104969,104970,105001],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,104971,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990,104992,104994,104996,104998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,104973,7144],{"class":59},[53,104975,64],{"class":63},[53,104977,68],{"class":67},[53,104979,274],{"class":273},[53,104981,81],{"class":67},[53,104983,84],{"class":71},[53,104985,3206],{"class":75},[53,104987,72],{"class":71},[53,104989,81],{"class":67},[53,104991,8605],{"class":67},[53,104993,1684],{"class":273},[53,104995,81],{"class":67},[53,104997,7155],{"class":273},[53,104999,105000],{"class":67},")}\n",[53,105002,105003,105005,105007,105009],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105004,132],{"class":131},[53,105006,116],{"class":67},[53,105008,7175],{"class":112},[53,105010,125],{"class":67},[20,105012,98943,105013,105015],{},[30,105014,461],{}," work inside a set:",[193,105017,105018,105022,105026],{},[196,105019,105020],{},[15,105021,7460],{},[196,105023,105024],{},[15,105025,8189],{},[196,105027,105028],{},[15,105029,5649],{},[20,105031,96453],{},[44,105033,105035],{"className":46,"code":105034,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105036,105037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105038,105039,105041,105043,105045,105047,105049,105051,105053,105055,105057,105059,105061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105040,98962],{"class":59},[53,105042,64],{"class":63},[53,105044,98967],{"class":67},[53,105046,274],{"class":273},[53,105048,81],{"class":67},[53,105050,279],{"class":273},[53,105052,17420],{"class":67},[53,105054,2982],{"class":67},[53,105056,1412],{"class":273},[53,105058,81],{"class":67},[53,105060,1811],{"class":273},[53,105062,13065],{"class":67},[20,105064,76217,105065,105067],{},[15,105066,2360],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105069,105070],{},"A safer example:",[44,105072,105074],{"className":46,"code":105073,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105075,105076,105104],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105077,105078,105081,105083,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094,105096,105098,105100,105102],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105079,105080],{"class":59},"good_set ",[53,105082,64],{"class":63},[53,105084,105085],{"class":67}," {(",[53,105087,274],{"class":273},[53,105089,81],{"class":67},[53,105091,279],{"class":273},[53,105093,8602],{"class":67},[53,105095,8605],{"class":67},[53,105097,1412],{"class":273},[53,105099,81],{"class":67},[53,105101,1811],{"class":273},[53,105103,105000],{"class":67},[53,105105,105106,105108,105110,105113],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105107,132],{"class":131},[53,105109,116],{"class":67},[53,105111,105112],{"class":112},"good_set",[53,105114,125],{"class":67},[20,105116,772],{},[44,105118,105120],{"className":46,"code":105119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105121,105122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105123,105124,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137,105139,105141,105143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105125,105126],{"class":67},"{(",[53,105128,274],{"class":273},[53,105130,81],{"class":67},[53,105132,279],{"class":273},[53,105134,8602],{"class":67},[53,105136,8605],{"class":67},[53,105138,1412],{"class":273},[53,105140,81],{"class":67},[53,105142,1811],{"class":273},[53,105144,105000],{"class":67},[39,105146,105148],{"id":105147},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105150,174,105151,9968],{},[15,105152,3157],{},[193,105154,105155,105158,105163,105166],{},[196,105156,105157],{},"you need unique values only",[196,105159,105160,105161],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105162,1067],{},[196,105164,105165],{},"order does not matter",[196,105167,105168],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105170,105171],{},"Example of membership checking:",[44,105173,105175],{"className":46,"code":105174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105176,105177,105202,105206,105222],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105178,105179,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190,105192,105195,105197,105200],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105180,105181],{"class":59},"allowed_ids ",[53,105183,64],{"class":63},[53,105185,14994],{"class":550},[53,105187,2341],{"class":67},[53,105189,45949],{"class":273},[53,105191,81],{"class":67},[53,105193,105194],{"class":273}," 102",[53,105196,81],{"class":67},[53,105198,105199],{"class":273}," 103",[53,105201,3248],{"class":67},[53,105203,105204],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105205,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,105207,105208,105210,105212,105215,105217,105220],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,105209,132],{"class":131},[53,105211,116],{"class":67},[53,105213,105214],{"class":273},"102",[53,105216,1115],{"class":1105},[53,105218,105219],{"class":112}," allowed_ids",[53,105221,125],{"class":67},[53,105223,105224,105226,105228,105231,105233,105235],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,105225,132],{"class":131},[53,105227,116],{"class":67},[53,105229,105230],{"class":273},"999",[53,105232,1115],{"class":1105},[53,105234,105219],{"class":112},[53,105236,125],{"class":67},[20,105238,772],{},[44,105240,105241],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105242,105243,105247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105244,105245],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105246,3340],{"class":938},[53,105248,105249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105250,3401],{"class":938},[20,105252,105253],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[39,105255,105257],{"id":105256},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105259,105260],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[599,105262,174,105264,97574],{"id":105263},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105265,3157],{},[44,105267,105268],{"className":46,"code":97635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105269,105270,105280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105271,105272,105274,105276,105278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105273,97642],{"class":59},[53,105275,64],{"class":63},[53,105277,14994],{"class":550},[53,105279,8011],{"class":67},[53,105281,105282,105284,105286,105288,105290,105292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105283,132],{"class":131},[53,105285,116],{"class":67},[53,105287,2578],{"class":550},[53,105289,116],{"class":67},[53,105291,97661],{"class":112},[53,105293,1377],{"class":67},[20,105295,772],{},[44,105297,105298],{"className":46,"code":8220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105299,105300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105301,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310,105312],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105303,2647],{"class":63},[53,105305,2650],{"class":1415},[53,105307,165],{"class":71},[53,105309,5649],{"class":75},[53,105311,156],{"class":71},[53,105313,2659],{"class":63},[599,105315,174,105317,105319],{"id":105316},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105318,99632],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[44,105321,105323],{"className":46,"code":105322,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105324,105325,105345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105326,105327,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105328,266],{"class":59},[53,105330,64],{"class":63},[53,105332,68],{"class":67},[53,105334,274],{"class":273},[53,105336,81],{"class":67},[53,105338,279],{"class":273},[53,105340,81],{"class":67},[53,105342,284],{"class":273},[53,105344,101],{"class":67},[53,105346,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105348,132],{"class":131},[53,105350,116],{"class":67},[53,105352,2578],{"class":550},[53,105354,116],{"class":67},[53,105356,291],{"class":112},[53,105358,1377],{"class":67},[20,105360,772],{},[44,105362,105363],{"className":46,"code":8220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105364,105365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105366,105367,105369,105371,105373,105375,105377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105368,2647],{"class":63},[53,105370,2650],{"class":1415},[53,105372,165],{"class":71},[53,105374,5649],{"class":75},[53,105376,156],{"class":71},[53,105378,2659],{"class":63},[599,105380,174,105382,105384],{"id":105381},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105383,3152],{}," for an empty dictionary",[44,105386,105388],{"className":46,"code":105387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105389,105390,105399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105391,105392,105395,105397],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105393,105394],{"class":59},"empty_dict ",[53,105396,64],{"class":63},[53,105398,9205],{"class":67},[53,105400,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105412],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105402,132],{"class":131},[53,105404,116],{"class":67},[53,105406,2578],{"class":550},[53,105408,116],{"class":67},[53,105410,105411],{"class":112},"empty_dict",[53,105413,1377],{"class":67},[20,105415,772],{},[44,105417,105418],{"className":46,"code":8176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105419,105420],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105421,105422,105424,105426,105428,105430,105432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105423,2647],{"class":63},[53,105425,2650],{"class":1415},[53,105427,165],{"class":71},[53,105429,8189],{"class":75},[53,105431,156],{"class":71},[53,105433,2659],{"class":63},[20,105435,105436],{},"So the rule is simple:",[193,105438,105439,105444,105449],{},[196,105440,105441,105443],{},[15,105442,3157],{}," → empty set",[196,105445,105446,105448],{},[15,105447,99632],{}," → non-empty set",[196,105450,105451,105453],{},[15,105452,3152],{}," → empty dictionary",[39,105455,2185],{"id":2184},[20,105457,105458,105459,37],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105460,3157],{},[599,105462,7785,105463,99230],{"id":99227},[15,105464,3152],{},[20,105466,105467],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[44,105469,105470],{"className":46,"code":99236,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,105471,105472,105480],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105473,105474,105476,105478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105475,1801],{"class":59},[53,105477,64],{"class":63},[53,105479,9205],{"class":67},[53,105481,105482,105484,105486,105488,105490,105492],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105483,132],{"class":131},[53,105485,116],{"class":67},[53,105487,2578],{"class":550},[53,105489,116],{"class":67},[53,105491,236],{"class":112},[53,105493,1377],{"class":67},[599,105495,105497,105498],{"id":105496},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105499,105500],{},"set(5)",[20,105502,105503,105505],{},[15,105504,3157],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[44,105507,105509],{"className":46,"code":105508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set(5)\n",[15,105510,105511],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105512,105513,105515,105517,105519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105514,5649],{"class":550},[53,105516,116],{"class":67},[53,105518,1487],{"class":273},[53,105520,125],{"class":67},[20,105522,2357,105523,105525,105526,37],{},[15,105524,2360],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[464,105527,105529],{"href":105528},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[599,105531,105533],{"id":105532},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105535,105536],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[44,105538,105540],{"className":46,"code":105539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105541,105542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550,105552,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564,105566],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105545,1801],{"class":59},[53,105547,64],{"class":63},[53,105549,98967],{"class":67},[53,105551,274],{"class":273},[53,105553,81],{"class":67},[53,105555,279],{"class":273},[53,105557,17420],{"class":67},[53,105559,2982],{"class":67},[53,105561,1412],{"class":273},[53,105563,81],{"class":67},[53,105565,1811],{"class":273},[53,105567,13065],{"class":67},[599,105569,838,105571,105573],{"id":105570},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105572,3157],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105575,105576],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[599,105578,1151,105580,1154,105582,1219,105584],{"id":105579},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105581,3157],{},[15,105583,24135],{},[15,105585,8488],{},[20,105587,105588],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[39,105590,60069],{"id":60068},[20,105592,10479],{},[44,105594,105596],{"className":46,"code":105595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105597,105598,105613,105623,105637],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105599,105600,105602,105604,105606,105608,105611],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105601,132],{"class":131},[53,105603,116],{"class":67},[53,105605,2578],{"class":550},[53,105607,116],{"class":67},[53,105609,105610],{"class":112},"my_value",[53,105612,1377],{"class":67},[53,105614,105615,105617,105619,105621],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105616,132],{"class":131},[53,105618,116],{"class":67},[53,105620,105610],{"class":112},[53,105622,125],{"class":67},[53,105624,105625,105627,105629,105631,105633,105635],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,105626,132],{"class":131},[53,105628,116],{"class":67},[53,105630,7460],{"class":550},[53,105632,116],{"class":67},[53,105634,227],{"class":112},[53,105636,1377],{"class":67},[53,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,105640,132],{"class":131},[53,105642,116],{"class":67},[53,105644,10528],{"class":131},[53,105646,116],{"class":67},[53,105648,227],{"class":112},[53,105650,1377],{"class":67},[20,105652,105653],{},"What they help you see:",[193,105655,105656,105662,105667,105673],{},[196,105657,105658,105661],{},[15,105659,105660],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[196,105663,105664,89908],{},[15,105665,105666],{},"print(my_value)",[196,105668,105669,105672],{},[15,105670,105671],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[196,105674,105675,105678],{},[15,105676,105677],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[39,105680,1187],{"id":1186},[599,105682,105684],{"id":105683},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105686,105687],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[599,105689,105691],{"id":105690},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105693,174,105694,105696,105697,105699],{},[15,105695,3157],{},". Do not use ",[15,105698,3152],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[599,105701,105703],{"id":105702},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105705,105706],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[599,105708,105710],{"id":105709},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105712,105713],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105715,1559],{},[44,105717,105719],{"className":46,"code":105718,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105720,105721],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105722,105723,105725,105727,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105724,132],{"class":131},[53,105726,116],{"class":67},[53,105728,5649],{"class":550},[53,105730,116],{"class":67},[53,105732,72],{"class":71},[53,105734,356],{"class":75},[53,105736,72],{"class":71},[53,105738,1377],{"class":67},[20,105740,143],{},[44,105742,105744],{"className":46,"code":105743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105745,105746],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105747,105748,105750,105752,105754,105756,105758,105760,105762,105764,105766,105768,105770,105772,105774,105776,105778,105780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105749,153],{"class":67},[53,105751,156],{"class":71},[53,105753,464],{"class":75},[53,105755,156],{"class":71},[53,105757,81],{"class":67},[53,105759,165],{"class":71},[53,105761,20],{"class":75},[53,105763,156],{"class":71},[53,105765,81],{"class":67},[53,105767,165],{"class":71},[53,105769,59815],{"class":75},[53,105771,156],{"class":71},[53,105773,81],{"class":67},[53,105775,165],{"class":71},[53,105777,59806],{"class":75},[53,105779,156],{"class":71},[53,105781,101],{"class":67},[599,105783,4517,105785,105788],{"id":105784},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,105786,105787],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,105790,105791,28041,105793,105796],{},[15,105792,3157],{},[30,105794,105795],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,105798,105799],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[44,105801,105803],{"className":46,"code":105802,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,105804,105805],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105806,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105808,132],{"class":131},[53,105810,116],{"class":67},[53,105812,5649],{"class":550},[53,105814,2341],{"class":67},[53,105816,274],{"class":273},[53,105818,81],{"class":67},[53,105820,279],{"class":273},[53,105822,81],{"class":67},[53,105824,284],{"class":273},[53,105826,81],{"class":67},[53,105828,1811],{"class":273},[53,105830,2354],{"class":67},[39,105832,1244],{"id":1243},[193,105834,105835,105839,105843,105847,105851],{},[196,105836,105837],{},[464,105838,95687],{"href":95686},[196,105840,105841],{},[464,105842,103835],{"href":95690},[196,105844,105845],{},[464,105846,1270],{"href":104686},[196,105848,105849],{},[464,105850,104393],{"href":64207},[196,105852,105853],{},[464,105854,105529],{"href":105528},[1276,105856,105857],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":105859},[105860,105861,105862,105863,105864,105870,105871,105872,105880,105890,105891,105899],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":104011,"depth":104,"text":104012},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":104396,"depth":104,"text":104397},{"id":104583,"depth":104,"text":104584,"children":105865},[105866,105867,105868,105869],{"id":104587,"depth":128,"text":104588},{"id":104689,"depth":128,"text":104690},{"id":104773,"depth":128,"text":104774},{"id":104865,"depth":128,"text":104866},{"id":104933,"depth":104,"text":104934},{"id":105147,"depth":104,"text":105148},{"id":105256,"depth":104,"text":105257,"children":105873},[105874,105876,105878],{"id":105263,"depth":128,"text":105875},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105316,"depth":128,"text":105877},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105381,"depth":128,"text":105879},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":105881},[105882,105883,105885,105886,105888],{"id":99227,"depth":128,"text":99734},{"id":105496,"depth":128,"text":105884},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105532,"depth":128,"text":105533},{"id":105570,"depth":128,"text":105887},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105579,"depth":128,"text":105889},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60068,"depth":104,"text":60069},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":105892},[105893,105894,105895,105896,105897],{"id":105683,"depth":128,"text":105684},{"id":105690,"depth":128,"text":105691},{"id":105702,"depth":128,"text":105703},{"id":105709,"depth":128,"text":105710},{"id":105784,"depth":128,"text":105898},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":103893,"description":105900},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":105907,"title":105908,"body":105909,"description":107424,"extension":1312,"meta":107425,"navigation":383,"path":107426,"seo":107427,"stem":107428,"__hash__":107429},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":105910,"toc":107400},[105911,105917,105922,105925,106008,106013,106018,106023,106025,106038,106042,106044,106063,106066,106089,106092,106103,106105,106186,106188,106205,106207,106213,106216,106311,106313,106344,106346,106354,106356,106359,106470,106472,106497,106499,106521,106526,106531,106537,106646,106648,106664,106667,106670,106753,106755,106772,106780,106782,106786,106792,106883,106885,106918,106923,106930,107007,107009,107026,107032,107034,107038,107054,107057,107083,107085,107146,107148,107271,107273,107324,107330,107332,107337,107339,107345,107348,107352,107355,107359,107362,107372,107374,107397],[10,105912,2934,105914,18],{"id":105913},"python-setintersection-method",[15,105915,105916],{},"set.intersection()",[20,105918,1329,105919,105921],{},[15,105920,105916],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,105923,105924],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[44,105926,105928],{"className":46,"code":105927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,105929,105930,105950,105970,105974,105993,106003],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,105931,105932,105934,105936,105938,105940,105942,105944,105946,105948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,105933,1908],{"class":59},[53,105935,64],{"class":63},[53,105937,68],{"class":67},[53,105939,274],{"class":273},[53,105941,81],{"class":67},[53,105943,279],{"class":273},[53,105945,81],{"class":67},[53,105947,284],{"class":273},[53,105949,101],{"class":67},[53,105951,105952,105954,105956,105958,105960,105962,105964,105966,105968],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,105953,1936],{"class":59},[53,105955,64],{"class":63},[53,105957,68],{"class":67},[53,105959,300],{"class":273},[53,105961,81],{"class":67},[53,105963,284],{"class":273},[53,105965,81],{"class":67},[53,105967,1811],{"class":273},[53,105969,101],{"class":67},[53,105971,105972],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,105973,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,105975,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105987,105989,105991],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,105977,1582],{"class":59},[53,105979,64],{"class":63},[53,105981,56245],{"class":59},[53,105983,37],{"class":67},[53,105985,105986],{"class":112},"intersection",[53,105988,116],{"class":67},[53,105990,637],{"class":112},[53,105992,125],{"class":67},[53,105994,105995,105997,105999,106001],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,105996,132],{"class":131},[53,105998,116],{"class":67},[53,106000,1617],{"class":112},[53,106002,125],{"class":67},[53,106004,106005],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,106006,106007],{"class":3024},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106009,174,106010,106012],{},[15,106011,102139],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[39,106014,12360,106016,12363],{"id":106015},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106017,102139],{},[20,106019,106020,106022],{},[15,106021,102139],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106024,12416],{},[193,106026,106027,106030,106032,106035],{},[196,106028,106029],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[196,106031,99910],{},[196,106033,106034],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[196,106036,106037],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106039,95683,106040,37],{},[464,106041,95687],{"href":95686},[39,106043,217],{"id":216},[44,106045,106047],{"className":46,"code":106046,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106048,106049],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106050,106051,106053,106055,106057,106059,106061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106052,99934],{"class":59},[53,106054,37],{"class":67},[53,106056,105986],{"class":112},[53,106058,116],{"class":67},[53,106060,99943],{"class":112},[53,106062,125],{"class":67},[20,106064,106065],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[44,106067,106069],{"className":46,"code":106068,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106070,106071],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106072,106073,106075,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085,106087],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106074,99934],{"class":59},[53,106076,37],{"class":67},[53,106078,105986],{"class":112},[53,106080,116],{"class":67},[53,106082,99943],{"class":112},[53,106084,81],{"class":67},[53,106086,99970],{"class":112},[53,106088,125],{"class":67},[20,106090,106091],{},"Important notes:",[193,106093,106094,106097,106100],{},[196,106095,106096],{},"The result is always a new set",[196,106098,106099],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[196,106101,106102],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106104,1559],{},[44,106106,106108],{"className":46,"code":106107,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106109,106110,106134,106154,106158,106176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106111,106112,106114,106116,106118,106120,106122,106124,106126,106128,106130,106132],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106113,1908],{"class":59},[53,106115,64],{"class":63},[53,106117,68],{"class":67},[53,106119,274],{"class":273},[53,106121,81],{"class":67},[53,106123,279],{"class":273},[53,106125,81],{"class":67},[53,106127,284],{"class":273},[53,106129,81],{"class":67},[53,106131,1811],{"class":273},[53,106133,101],{"class":67},[53,106135,106136,106138,106140,106142,106144,106146,106148,106150,106152],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106137,1936],{"class":59},[53,106139,64],{"class":63},[53,106141,68],{"class":67},[53,106143,1412],{"class":273},[53,106145,81],{"class":67},[53,106147,1811],{"class":273},[53,106149,81],{"class":67},[53,106151,3963],{"class":273},[53,106153,101],{"class":67},[53,106155,106156],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106157,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106159,106160,106162,106164,106166,106168,106170,106172,106174],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106161,1582],{"class":59},[53,106163,64],{"class":63},[53,106165,56245],{"class":59},[53,106167,37],{"class":67},[53,106169,105986],{"class":112},[53,106171,116],{"class":67},[53,106173,637],{"class":112},[53,106175,125],{"class":67},[53,106177,106178,106180,106182,106184],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,106179,132],{"class":131},[53,106181,116],{"class":67},[53,106183,1617],{"class":112},[53,106185,125],{"class":67},[20,106187,772],{},[44,106189,106191],{"className":46,"code":106190,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106192,106193],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106194,106195,106197,106199,106201,106203],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106196,153],{"class":67},[53,106198,1412],{"class":273},[53,106200,81],{"class":67},[53,106202,1811],{"class":273},[53,106204,101],{"class":67},[39,106206,16778],{"id":16777},[20,106208,106209,21330,106211,37],{},[15,106210,102139],{},[30,106212,5649],{},[20,106214,106215],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[44,106217,106219],{"className":46,"code":106218,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106220,106221,106241,106261,106265,106283,106287,106297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106222,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106224,1908],{"class":59},[53,106226,64],{"class":63},[53,106228,68],{"class":67},[53,106230,274],{"class":273},[53,106232,81],{"class":67},[53,106234,279],{"class":273},[53,106236,81],{"class":67},[53,106238,284],{"class":273},[53,106240,101],{"class":67},[53,106242,106243,106245,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106257,106259],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106244,1936],{"class":59},[53,106246,64],{"class":63},[53,106248,68],{"class":67},[53,106250,300],{"class":273},[53,106252,81],{"class":67},[53,106254,284],{"class":273},[53,106256,81],{"class":67},[53,106258,1811],{"class":273},[53,106260,101],{"class":67},[53,106262,106263],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106264,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106266,106267,106269,106271,106273,106275,106277,106279,106281],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106268,1582],{"class":59},[53,106270,64],{"class":63},[53,106272,56245],{"class":59},[53,106274,37],{"class":67},[53,106276,105986],{"class":112},[53,106278,116],{"class":67},[53,106280,637],{"class":112},[53,106282,125],{"class":67},[53,106284,106285],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,106286,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106288,106289,106291,106293,106295],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,106290,132],{"class":131},[53,106292,116],{"class":67},[53,106294,1617],{"class":112},[53,106296,125],{"class":67},[53,106298,106299,106301,106303,106305,106307,106309],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,106300,132],{"class":131},[53,106302,116],{"class":67},[53,106304,2578],{"class":550},[53,106306,116],{"class":67},[53,106308,1617],{"class":112},[53,106310,1377],{"class":67},[20,106312,772],{},[44,106314,106316],{"className":46,"code":106315,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106317,106318,106330],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106319,106320,106322,106324,106326,106328],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106321,153],{"class":67},[53,106323,300],{"class":273},[53,106325,81],{"class":67},[53,106327,284],{"class":273},[53,106329,101],{"class":67},[53,106331,106332,106334,106336,106338,106340,106342],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106333,2647],{"class":63},[53,106335,2650],{"class":1415},[53,106337,165],{"class":71},[53,106339,5649],{"class":75},[53,106341,156],{"class":71},[53,106343,2659],{"class":63},[20,106345,85171],{},[193,106347,106348,106351],{},[196,106349,106350],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[196,106352,106353],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[39,106355,337],{"id":336},[20,106357,106358],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[44,106360,106362],{"className":46,"code":106361,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106363,106364,106397,106430,106434,106455,106459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106365,106366,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106367,106368],{"class":59},"colors1 ",[53,106370,64],{"class":63},[53,106372,68],{"class":67},[53,106374,72],{"class":71},[53,106376,76],{"class":75},[53,106378,72],{"class":71},[53,106380,81],{"class":67},[53,106382,84],{"class":71},[53,106384,87],{"class":75},[53,106386,72],{"class":71},[53,106388,81],{"class":67},[53,106390,84],{"class":71},[53,106392,96],{"class":75},[53,106394,72],{"class":71},[53,106396,101],{"class":67},[53,106398,106399,106402,106404,106406,106408,106410,106412,106414,106416,106418,106420,106422,106424,106426,106428],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106400,106401],{"class":59},"colors2 ",[53,106403,64],{"class":63},[53,106405,68],{"class":67},[53,106407,72],{"class":71},[53,106409,96],{"class":75},[53,106411,72],{"class":71},[53,106413,81],{"class":67},[53,106415,84],{"class":71},[53,106417,531],{"class":75},[53,106419,72],{"class":71},[53,106421,81],{"class":67},[53,106423,84],{"class":71},[53,106425,87],{"class":75},[53,106427,72],{"class":71},[53,106429,101],{"class":67},[53,106431,106432],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106433,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106435,106436,106439,106441,106444,106446,106448,106450,106453],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106437,106438],{"class":59},"common_colors ",[53,106440,64],{"class":63},[53,106442,106443],{"class":59}," colors1",[53,106445,37],{"class":67},[53,106447,105986],{"class":112},[53,106449,116],{"class":67},[53,106451,106452],{"class":112},"colors2",[53,106454,125],{"class":67},[53,106456,106457],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,106458,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106460,106461,106463,106465,106468],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,106462,132],{"class":131},[53,106464,116],{"class":67},[53,106466,106467],{"class":112},"common_colors",[53,106469,125],{"class":67},[20,106471,772],{},[44,106473,106475],{"className":46,"code":106474,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106476,106477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106478,106479,106481,106483,106485,106487,106489,106491,106493,106495],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106480,153],{"class":67},[53,106482,156],{"class":71},[53,106484,87],{"class":75},[53,106486,156],{"class":71},[53,106488,81],{"class":67},[53,106490,165],{"class":71},[53,106492,96],{"class":75},[53,106494,156],{"class":71},[53,106496,101],{"class":67},[20,106498,11048],{},[193,106500,106501,106507,106511,106516],{},[196,106502,106503,106506],{},[15,106504,106505],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[196,106508,106509,106506],{},[15,106510,106452],{},[196,106512,106513,106515],{},[15,106514,102139],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[196,106517,106518,106519],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106520,106467],{},[39,106522,7785,106524,100507],{"id":106523},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106525,102139],{},[20,106527,106528,106529,37],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106530,102139],{},[20,106532,106533,106534,106536],{},"Only the values found in ",[30,106535,3076],{}," inputs will be kept.",[44,106538,106540],{"className":46,"code":106539,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106541,106542,106566,106590,106610,106614,106636],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106543,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558,106560,106562,106564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106545,1908],{"class":59},[53,106547,64],{"class":63},[53,106549,68],{"class":67},[53,106551,274],{"class":273},[53,106553,81],{"class":67},[53,106555,279],{"class":273},[53,106557,81],{"class":67},[53,106559,284],{"class":273},[53,106561,81],{"class":67},[53,106563,1811],{"class":273},[53,106565,101],{"class":67},[53,106567,106568,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580,106582,106584,106586,106588],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106569,1936],{"class":59},[53,106571,64],{"class":63},[53,106573,68],{"class":67},[53,106575,300],{"class":273},[53,106577,81],{"class":67},[53,106579,284],{"class":273},[53,106581,81],{"class":67},[53,106583,1811],{"class":273},[53,106585,81],{"class":67},[53,106587,3963],{"class":273},[53,106589,101],{"class":67},[53,106591,106592,106594,106596,106598,106600,106602,106604,106606,106608],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106593,82545],{"class":59},[53,106595,64],{"class":63},[53,106597,68],{"class":67},[53,106599,1412],{"class":273},[53,106601,81],{"class":67},[53,106603,1811],{"class":273},[53,106605,81],{"class":67},[53,106607,36996],{"class":273},[53,106609,101],{"class":67},[53,106611,106612],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106613,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106615,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,106617,1582],{"class":59},[53,106619,64],{"class":63},[53,106621,56245],{"class":59},[53,106623,37],{"class":67},[53,106625,105986],{"class":112},[53,106627,116],{"class":67},[53,106629,637],{"class":112},[53,106631,81],{"class":67},[53,106633,9049],{"class":112},[53,106635,125],{"class":67},[53,106637,106638,106640,106642,106644],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,106639,132],{"class":131},[53,106641,116],{"class":67},[53,106643,1617],{"class":112},[53,106645,125],{"class":67},[20,106647,772],{},[44,106649,106650],{"className":46,"code":106190,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,106651,106652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106653,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106655,153],{"class":67},[53,106657,1412],{"class":273},[53,106659,81],{"class":67},[53,106661,1811],{"class":273},[53,106663,101],{"class":67},[20,106665,106666],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106668,106669],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[44,106671,106673],{"className":46,"code":106672,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106674,106675,106699,106703,106743],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106676,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106678,1908],{"class":59},[53,106680,64],{"class":63},[53,106682,68],{"class":67},[53,106684,274],{"class":273},[53,106686,81],{"class":67},[53,106688,279],{"class":273},[53,106690,81],{"class":67},[53,106692,284],{"class":273},[53,106694,81],{"class":67},[53,106696,1811],{"class":273},[53,106698,101],{"class":67},[53,106700,106701],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106702,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106704,106705,106707,106709,106711,106713,106715,106717,106719,106721,106723,106725,106727,106729,106731,106733,106735,106737,106739,106741],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106706,1582],{"class":59},[53,106708,64],{"class":63},[53,106710,56245],{"class":59},[53,106712,37],{"class":67},[53,106714,105986],{"class":112},[53,106716,2341],{"class":67},[53,106718,300],{"class":273},[53,106720,81],{"class":67},[53,106722,1811],{"class":273},[53,106724,81],{"class":67},[53,106726,36996],{"class":273},[53,106728,17420],{"class":67},[53,106730,8605],{"class":67},[53,106732,274],{"class":273},[53,106734,81],{"class":67},[53,106736,279],{"class":273},[53,106738,81],{"class":67},[53,106740,1811],{"class":273},[53,106742,1377],{"class":67},[53,106744,106745,106747,106749,106751],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106746,132],{"class":131},[53,106748,116],{"class":67},[53,106750,1617],{"class":112},[53,106752,125],{"class":67},[20,106754,772],{},[44,106756,106758],{"className":46,"code":106757,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 4}\n",[15,106759,106760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106761,106762,106764,106766,106768,106770],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106763,153],{"class":67},[53,106765,300],{"class":273},[53,106767,81],{"class":67},[53,106769,1811],{"class":273},[53,106771,101],{"class":67},[39,106773,106775,9952,106777],{"id":106774},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,106776,102139],{},[15,106778,106779],{},"intersection_update()",[20,106781,100676],{},[599,106783,106784],{"id":105986},[15,106785,102139],{},[193,106787,106788,106790],{},[196,106789,100685],{},[196,106791,100688],{},[44,106793,106795],{"className":46,"code":106794,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106796,106797,106817,106837,106841,106859,106863,106873],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106798,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106800,1908],{"class":59},[53,106802,64],{"class":63},[53,106804,68],{"class":67},[53,106806,274],{"class":273},[53,106808,81],{"class":67},[53,106810,279],{"class":273},[53,106812,81],{"class":67},[53,106814,284],{"class":273},[53,106816,101],{"class":67},[53,106818,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106820,1936],{"class":59},[53,106822,64],{"class":63},[53,106824,68],{"class":67},[53,106826,300],{"class":273},[53,106828,81],{"class":67},[53,106830,284],{"class":273},[53,106832,81],{"class":67},[53,106834,1811],{"class":273},[53,106836,101],{"class":67},[53,106838,106839],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106840,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106842,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106844,1582],{"class":59},[53,106846,64],{"class":63},[53,106848,56245],{"class":59},[53,106850,37],{"class":67},[53,106852,105986],{"class":112},[53,106854,116],{"class":67},[53,106856,637],{"class":112},[53,106858,125],{"class":67},[53,106860,106861],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,106862,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106864,106865,106867,106869,106871],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,106866,132],{"class":131},[53,106868,116],{"class":67},[53,106870,464],{"class":112},[53,106872,125],{"class":67},[53,106874,106875,106877,106879,106881],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,106876,132],{"class":131},[53,106878,116],{"class":67},[53,106880,1617],{"class":112},[53,106882,125],{"class":67},[20,106884,772],{},[44,106886,106888],{"className":46,"code":106887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,106889,106890,106906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106891,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902,106904],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106893,153],{"class":67},[53,106895,274],{"class":273},[53,106897,81],{"class":67},[53,106899,279],{"class":273},[53,106901,81],{"class":67},[53,106903,284],{"class":273},[53,106905,101],{"class":67},[53,106907,106908,106910,106912,106914,106916],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106909,153],{"class":67},[53,106911,300],{"class":273},[53,106913,81],{"class":67},[53,106915,284],{"class":273},[53,106917,101],{"class":67},[599,106919,106921],{"id":106920},"intersection_update",[15,106922,106779],{},[193,106924,106925,106927],{},[196,106926,100828],{},[196,106928,106929],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[44,106931,106933],{"className":46,"code":106932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,106934,106935,106955,106975,106979,106993,106997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,106936,106937,106939,106941,106943,106945,106947,106949,106951,106953],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,106938,1908],{"class":59},[53,106940,64],{"class":63},[53,106942,68],{"class":67},[53,106944,274],{"class":273},[53,106946,81],{"class":67},[53,106948,279],{"class":273},[53,106950,81],{"class":67},[53,106952,284],{"class":273},[53,106954,101],{"class":67},[53,106956,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967,106969,106971,106973],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,106958,1936],{"class":59},[53,106960,64],{"class":63},[53,106962,68],{"class":67},[53,106964,300],{"class":273},[53,106966,81],{"class":67},[53,106968,284],{"class":273},[53,106970,81],{"class":67},[53,106972,1811],{"class":273},[53,106974,101],{"class":67},[53,106976,106977],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,106978,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106980,106981,106983,106985,106987,106989,106991],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,106982,464],{"class":59},[53,106984,37],{"class":67},[53,106986,106920],{"class":112},[53,106988,116],{"class":67},[53,106990,637],{"class":112},[53,106992,125],{"class":67},[53,106994,106995],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,106996,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,106998,106999,107001,107003,107005],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,107000,132],{"class":131},[53,107002,116],{"class":67},[53,107004,464],{"class":112},[53,107006,125],{"class":67},[20,107008,772],{},[44,107010,107012],{"className":46,"code":107011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107013,107014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107015,107016,107018,107020,107022,107024],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107017,153],{"class":67},[53,107019,300],{"class":273},[53,107021,81],{"class":67},[53,107023,284],{"class":273},[53,107025,101],{"class":67},[20,107027,107028,107029,107031],{},"Choose ",[15,107030,102139],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[39,107033,834],{"id":833},[20,107035,14093,107036,191],{},[15,107037,102139],{},[193,107039,107040,107043,107046,107049],{},[196,107041,107042],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[196,107044,107045],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[196,107047,107048],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[196,107050,107051,107052],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107053,102139],{},[20,107055,107056],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[193,107058,107059,107064,107067,107080],{},[196,107060,7785,107061,107063],{},[15,107062,102139],{}," when order matters",[196,107065,107066],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[196,107068,1151,107069,1154,107071,1219,107076],{},[15,107070,102139],{},[464,107072,107074],{"href":107073},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107075,102147],{},[464,107077,107078],{"href":102188},[15,107079,99763],{},[196,107081,107082],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107084,29490],{},[44,107086,107088],{"className":46,"code":107087,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107089,107090,107100,107114,107132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107093,132],{"class":131},[53,107095,116],{"class":67},[53,107097,227],{"class":112},[53,107099,125],{"class":67},[53,107101,107102,107104,107106,107108,107110,107112],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107103,132],{"class":131},[53,107105,116],{"class":67},[53,107107,2578],{"class":550},[53,107109,116],{"class":67},[53,107111,1617],{"class":112},[53,107113,1377],{"class":67},[53,107115,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128,107130],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,107117,132],{"class":131},[53,107119,116],{"class":67},[53,107121,99934],{"class":112},[53,107123,37],{"class":67},[53,107125,105986],{"class":112},[53,107127,116],{"class":67},[53,107129,99943],{"class":112},[53,107131,1377],{"class":67},[53,107133,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,107135,132],{"class":131},[53,107137,116],{"class":67},[53,107139,10528],{"class":131},[53,107141,116],{"class":67},[53,107143,1617],{"class":112},[53,107145,1377],{"class":67},[20,107147,1559],{},[44,107149,107151],{"className":46,"code":107150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107152,107153,107177,107197,107201,107219,107223,107233,107243,107257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107154,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107156,266],{"class":59},[53,107158,64],{"class":63},[53,107160,68],{"class":67},[53,107162,274],{"class":273},[53,107164,81],{"class":67},[53,107166,279],{"class":273},[53,107168,81],{"class":67},[53,107170,279],{"class":273},[53,107172,81],{"class":67},[53,107174,284],{"class":273},[53,107176,101],{"class":67},[53,107178,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187,107189,107191,107193,107195],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107180,42905],{"class":59},[53,107182,64],{"class":63},[53,107184,68],{"class":67},[53,107186,300],{"class":273},[53,107188,81],{"class":67},[53,107190,284],{"class":273},[53,107192,81],{"class":67},[53,107194,1811],{"class":273},[53,107196,101],{"class":67},[53,107198,107199],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,107200,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,107202,107203,107205,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,107204,1582],{"class":59},[53,107206,64],{"class":63},[53,107208,3622],{"class":59},[53,107210,37],{"class":67},[53,107212,105986],{"class":112},[53,107214,116],{"class":67},[53,107216,30096],{"class":112},[53,107218,125],{"class":67},[53,107220,107221],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,107222,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,107224,107225,107227,107229,107231],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,107226,132],{"class":131},[53,107228,116],{"class":67},[53,107230,291],{"class":112},[53,107232,125],{"class":67},[53,107234,107235,107237,107239,107241],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,107236,132],{"class":131},[53,107238,116],{"class":67},[53,107240,1617],{"class":112},[53,107242,125],{"class":67},[53,107244,107245,107247,107249,107251,107253,107255],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,107246,132],{"class":131},[53,107248,116],{"class":67},[53,107250,2578],{"class":550},[53,107252,116],{"class":67},[53,107254,1617],{"class":112},[53,107256,1377],{"class":67},[53,107258,107259,107261,107263,107265,107267,107269],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,107260,132],{"class":131},[53,107262,116],{"class":67},[53,107264,10528],{"class":131},[53,107266,116],{"class":67},[53,107268,1617],{"class":112},[53,107270,1377],{"class":67},[20,107272,772],{},[44,107274,107276],{"className":46,"code":107275,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107277,107278,107294,107306,107320],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107279,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107281,153],{"class":67},[53,107283,274],{"class":273},[53,107285,81],{"class":67},[53,107287,279],{"class":273},[53,107289,81],{"class":67},[53,107291,284],{"class":273},[53,107293,101],{"class":67},[53,107295,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107297,153],{"class":67},[53,107299,300],{"class":273},[53,107301,81],{"class":67},[53,107303,284],{"class":273},[53,107305,101],{"class":67},[53,107307,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316,107318],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,107309,2647],{"class":63},[53,107311,2650],{"class":1415},[53,107313,165],{"class":71},[53,107315,5649],{"class":75},[53,107317,156],{"class":71},[53,107319,2659],{"class":63},[53,107321,107322],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,107323,16415],{"class":273},[20,107325,107326,107327,107329],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107328,300],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[39,107331,1187],{"id":1186},[599,107333,1191,107335,102087],{"id":107334},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107336,102139],{},[20,107338,102090],{},[599,107340,1234,107342,107344],{"id":107341},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107343,102139],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107346,107347],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[599,107349,107351],{"id":107350},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107353,107354],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[599,107356,107358],{"id":107357},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107360,107361],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[44,107363,107364],{"className":46,"code":96812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,107365,107366],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107367,107368,107370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107369,5649],{"class":550},[53,107371,8011],{"class":67},[39,107373,1244],{"id":1243},[193,107375,107376,107380,107387,107393],{},[196,107377,107378],{},[464,107379,95687],{"href":95686},[196,107381,107382],{},[464,107383,2934,107384,830],{"href":107073},[15,107385,107386],{},"set.union()",[196,107388,107389],{},[464,107390,2934,107391,830],{"href":102188},[15,107392,99768],{},[196,107394,107395],{},[464,107396,1270],{"href":104686},[1276,107398,107399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":107401},[107402,107404,107405,107406,107407,107409,107414,107415,107423],{"id":106015,"depth":104,"text":107403},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":106523,"depth":104,"text":107408},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":106774,"depth":104,"text":107410,"children":107411},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107412,107413],{"id":105986,"depth":128,"text":102139},{"id":106920,"depth":128,"text":106779},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":107416},[107417,107419,107421,107422],{"id":107334,"depth":128,"text":107418},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107341,"depth":128,"text":107420},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107350,"depth":128,"text":107351},{"id":107357,"depth":128,"text":107358},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":105908,"description":107424},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107431,"title":107432,"body":107433,"description":108665,"extension":1312,"meta":108666,"navigation":383,"path":108667,"seo":108668,"stem":108669,"__hash__":108670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107434,"toc":108632},[107435,107440,107446,107455,107457,107532,107537,107552,107562,107567,107571,107584,107588,107590,107605,107607,107623,107625,107700,107704,107706,107708,107725,107730,107785,107790,107801,107805,107808,107909,107911,107952,107955,107959,107966,107968,107993,107995,108013,108020,108026,108029,108111,108118,108121,108201,108210,108213,108218,108222,108236,108285,108290,108294,108305,108353,108364,108369,108373,108385,108434,108445,108447,108451,108474,108476,108533,108535,108549,108551,108557,108563,108569,108578,108582,108589,108593,108601,108603,108629],[10,107436,13,107438,18],{"id":107437},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107439,1260],{},[20,107441,107442,107445],{},[15,107443,107444],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107447,107448,107449,107451,107452,107454],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[30,107450,461],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107453,1260],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[39,107456,42],{"id":41},[44,107458,107460],{"className":46,"code":107459,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107461,107462,107494,107508,107512,107522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107463,107464,107466,107468,107470,107472,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488,107490,107492],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107465,7144],{"class":59},[53,107467,64],{"class":63},[53,107469,68],{"class":67},[53,107471,72],{"class":71},[53,107473,356],{"class":75},[53,107475,72],{"class":71},[53,107477,81],{"class":67},[53,107479,84],{"class":71},[53,107481,365],{"class":75},[53,107483,72],{"class":71},[53,107485,81],{"class":67},[53,107487,84],{"class":71},[53,107489,3456],{"class":75},[53,107491,72],{"class":71},[53,107493,101],{"class":67},[53,107495,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504,107506],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107497,69293],{"class":59},[53,107499,64],{"class":63},[53,107501,5327],{"class":59},[53,107503,37],{"class":67},[53,107505,25596],{"class":112},[53,107507,8011],{"class":67},[53,107509,107510],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,107511,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,107513,107514,107516,107518,107520],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,107515,132],{"class":131},[53,107517,116],{"class":67},[53,107519,69316],{"class":112},[53,107521,125],{"class":67},[53,107523,107524,107526,107528,107530],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,107525,132],{"class":131},[53,107527,116],{"class":67},[53,107529,7175],{"class":112},[53,107531,125],{"class":67},[20,107533,107534],{},[30,107535,107536],{},"What this does:",[193,107538,107539,107544,107549],{},[196,107540,107541,107542],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107543,7175],{},[196,107545,107546,107547],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107548,69316],{},[196,107550,107551],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107553,107554,88322,107556,107558,107559,107561],{},[30,107555,83180],{},[15,107557,107444],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[30,107560,461],{}," chosen by index.",[39,107563,183,107565,186],{"id":107564},"what-setpop-does",[15,107566,107444],{},[20,107568,107569,191],{},[15,107570,107444],{},[193,107572,107573,107575,107578,107581],{},[196,107574,102387],{},[196,107576,107577],{},"Returns the removed item",[196,107579,107580],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[196,107582,107583],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107585,95683,107586,37],{},[464,107587,95687],{"href":96853},[39,107589,217],{"id":216},[44,107591,107593],{"className":46,"code":107592,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107594,107595],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107596,107597,107599,107601,107603],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107598,227],{"class":59},[53,107600,37],{"class":67},[53,107602,25596],{"class":112},[53,107604,8011],{"class":67},[20,107606,12416],{},[193,107608,107609,107615,107620],{},[196,107610,107611,107612],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107613,107614],{},"my_set.pop()",[196,107616,107617,107618],{},"It takes ",[30,107619,28044],{},[196,107621,107622],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107624,1559],{},[44,107626,107628],{"className":46,"code":107627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107629,107630,107662,107676,107680,107690],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107631,107632,107634,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644,107646,107648,107650,107652,107654,107656,107658,107660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107633,60],{"class":59},[53,107635,64],{"class":63},[53,107637,68],{"class":67},[53,107639,72],{"class":71},[53,107641,76],{"class":75},[53,107643,72],{"class":71},[53,107645,81],{"class":67},[53,107647,84],{"class":71},[53,107649,87],{"class":75},[53,107651,72],{"class":71},[53,107653,81],{"class":67},[53,107655,84],{"class":71},[53,107657,96],{"class":75},[53,107659,72],{"class":71},[53,107661,101],{"class":67},[53,107663,107664,107666,107668,107670,107672,107674],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107665,27894],{"class":59},[53,107667,64],{"class":63},[53,107669,899],{"class":59},[53,107671,37],{"class":67},[53,107673,25596],{"class":112},[53,107675,8011],{"class":67},[53,107677,107678],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,107679,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,107681,107682,107684,107686,107688],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,107683,132],{"class":131},[53,107685,116],{"class":67},[53,107687,22664],{"class":112},[53,107689,125],{"class":67},[53,107691,107692,107694,107696,107698],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,107693,132],{"class":131},[53,107695,116],{"class":67},[53,107697,107],{"class":112},[53,107699,125],{"class":67},[39,107701,107703],{"id":107702},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107705,1180],{},[20,107707,1457],{},[193,107709,107710,107716,107719],{},[196,107711,107712,107713,107715],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107714,1260],{}," removes",[196,107717,107718],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[196,107720,107721,107722,107724],{},"You should not use ",[15,107723,1260],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107726,9828,107727,107729],{},[30,107728,461],{}," valid:",[44,107731,107733],{"className":46,"code":107732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107734,107735,107767],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107736,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763,107765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107738,347],{"class":59},[53,107740,64],{"class":63},[53,107742,68],{"class":67},[53,107744,72],{"class":71},[53,107746,356],{"class":75},[53,107748,72],{"class":71},[53,107750,81],{"class":67},[53,107752,84],{"class":71},[53,107754,365],{"class":75},[53,107756,72],{"class":71},[53,107758,81],{"class":67},[53,107760,84],{"class":71},[53,107762,3456],{"class":75},[53,107764,72],{"class":71},[53,107766,101],{"class":67},[53,107768,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777,107779,107781,107783],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107770,389],{"class":59},[53,107772,37],{"class":67},[53,107774,25596],{"class":112},[53,107776,116],{"class":67},[53,107778,72],{"class":71},[53,107780,356],{"class":75},[53,107782,72],{"class":71},[53,107784,125],{"class":67},[20,107786,39007,107787,107789],{},[15,107788,107444],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,107791,107792,107793,1219,107797,37],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[464,107794,107795],{"href":97562},[15,107796,24],{},[464,107798,107799],{"href":826},[15,107800,102206],{},[39,107802,107804],{"id":107803},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,107806,107807],{},"Here is a simple example:",[44,107809,107811],{"className":46,"code":107810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,107812,107813,107847,107851,107867,107871,107890],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107814,107815,107818,107820,107822,107824,107826,107828,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840,107843,107845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107816,107817],{"class":59},"animals ",[53,107819,64],{"class":63},[53,107821,68],{"class":67},[53,107823,72],{"class":71},[53,107825,36400],{"class":75},[53,107827,72],{"class":71},[53,107829,81],{"class":67},[53,107831,84],{"class":71},[53,107833,57485],{"class":75},[53,107835,72],{"class":71},[53,107837,81],{"class":67},[53,107839,84],{"class":71},[53,107841,107842],{"class":75},"rabbit",[53,107844,72],{"class":71},[53,107846,101],{"class":67},[53,107848,107849],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107850,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,107852,107853,107856,107858,107861,107863,107865],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,107854,107855],{"class":59},"removed_animal ",[53,107857,64],{"class":63},[53,107859,107860],{"class":59}," animals",[53,107862,37],{"class":67},[53,107864,25596],{"class":112},[53,107866,8011],{"class":67},[53,107868,107869],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,107870,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,107872,107873,107875,107877,107879,107881,107883,107885,107888],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,107874,132],{"class":131},[53,107876,116],{"class":67},[53,107878,72],{"class":71},[53,107880,28312],{"class":75},[53,107882,72],{"class":71},[53,107884,81],{"class":67},[53,107886,107887],{"class":112}," removed_animal",[53,107889,125],{"class":67},[53,107891,107892,107894,107896,107898,107901,107903,107905,107907],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,107893,132],{"class":131},[53,107895,116],{"class":67},[53,107897,72],{"class":71},[53,107899,107900],{"class":75},"Updated set:",[53,107902,72],{"class":71},[53,107904,81],{"class":67},[53,107906,107860],{"class":112},[53,107908,125],{"class":67},[20,107910,143],{},[44,107912,107914],{"className":46,"code":107913,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,107915,107916,107925],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107917,107918,107920,107922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107919,28354],{"class":59},[53,107921,191],{"class":67},[53,107923,107924],{"class":59}," dog\n",[53,107926,107927,107930,107932,107934,107936,107938,107940,107942,107944,107946,107948,107950],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107928,107929],{"class":59},"Updated ",[53,107931,5649],{"class":550},[53,107933,191],{"class":67},[53,107935,68],{"class":67},[53,107937,156],{"class":71},[53,107939,36400],{"class":75},[53,107941,156],{"class":71},[53,107943,81],{"class":67},[53,107945,165],{"class":71},[53,107947,107842],{"class":75},[53,107949,156],{"class":71},[53,107951,101],{"class":67},[20,107953,107954],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[39,107956,107958],{"id":107957},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,107960,29006,107961,107963,107964,37],{},[15,107962,1260],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,107965,36],{},[20,107967,1559],{},[44,107969,107971],{"className":46,"code":107970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,107972,107973,107983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,107974,107975,107977,107979,107981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,107976,7144],{"class":59},[53,107978,64],{"class":63},[53,107980,14994],{"class":550},[53,107982,8011],{"class":67},[53,107984,107985,107987,107989,107991],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,107986,7175],{"class":59},[53,107988,37],{"class":67},[53,107990,25596],{"class":112},[53,107992,8011],{"class":67},[20,107994,673],{},[44,107996,107998],{"className":46,"code":107997,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,107999,108000],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108001,108002,108004,108006,108008,108011],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108003,36],{"class":550},[53,108005,191],{"class":67},[53,108007,165],{"class":71},[53,108009,108010],{"class":75},"pop from an empty set",[53,108012,559],{"class":71},[20,108014,108015,108016,108019],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[464,108017,108018],{"href":578},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[599,108021,108023,108024],{"id":108022},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108025,1260],{},[20,108027,108028],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[44,108030,108032],{"className":46,"code":108031,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108033,108034,108044,108048,108056,108071,108090,108096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108037,7144],{"class":59},[53,108039,64],{"class":63},[53,108041,14994],{"class":550},[53,108043,8011],{"class":67},[53,108045,108046],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108047,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,108049,108050,108052,108054],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108051,1106],{"class":1105},[53,108053,5327],{"class":59},[53,108055,1120],{"class":67},[53,108057,108058,108061,108063,108065,108067,108069],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,108059,108060],{"class":59},"    removed ",[53,108062,64],{"class":63},[53,108064,5327],{"class":59},[53,108066,37],{"class":67},[53,108068,25596],{"class":112},[53,108070,8011],{"class":67},[53,108072,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108088],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,108074,7435],{"class":131},[53,108076,116],{"class":67},[53,108078,72],{"class":71},[53,108080,28312],{"class":75},[53,108082,72],{"class":71},[53,108084,81],{"class":67},[53,108086,108087],{"class":112}," removed",[53,108089,125],{"class":67},[53,108091,108092,108094],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,108093,26789],{"class":1105},[53,108095,1120],{"class":67},[53,108097,108098,108100,108102,108104,108107,108109],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,108099,7435],{"class":131},[53,108101,116],{"class":67},[53,108103,72],{"class":71},[53,108105,108106],{"class":75},"The set is empty.",[53,108108,72],{"class":71},[53,108110,125],{"class":67},[599,108112,174,108114,594,108116],{"id":108113},"use-try-and-except",[15,108115,29159],{},[15,108117,29190],{},[20,108119,108120],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[44,108122,108124],{"className":46,"code":108123,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108125,108126,108136,108140,108146,108160,108178,108186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108127,108128,108130,108132,108134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108129,7144],{"class":59},[53,108131,64],{"class":63},[53,108133,14994],{"class":550},[53,108135,8011],{"class":67},[53,108137,108138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108139,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,108141,108142,108144],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108143,29159],{"class":1105},[53,108145,1120],{"class":67},[53,108147,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108158],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,108149,108060],{"class":59},[53,108151,64],{"class":63},[53,108153,5327],{"class":59},[53,108155,37],{"class":67},[53,108157,25596],{"class":112},[53,108159,8011],{"class":67},[53,108161,108162,108164,108166,108168,108170,108172,108174,108176],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,108163,7435],{"class":131},[53,108165,116],{"class":67},[53,108167,72],{"class":71},[53,108169,28312],{"class":75},[53,108171,72],{"class":71},[53,108173,81],{"class":67},[53,108175,108087],{"class":112},[53,108177,125],{"class":67},[53,108179,108180,108182,108184],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,108181,29190],{"class":1105},[53,108183,29193],{"class":550},[53,108185,1120],{"class":67},[53,108187,108188,108190,108192,108194,108197,108199],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,108189,7435],{"class":131},[53,108191,116],{"class":67},[53,108193,72],{"class":71},[53,108195,108196],{"class":75},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[53,108198,72],{"class":71},[53,108200,125],{"class":67},[39,108202,4319,108204,9952,108206,9952,108208],{"id":108203},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108205,1260],{},[15,108207,17],{},[15,108209,589],{},[20,108211,108212],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[599,108214,174,108216],{"id":108215},"use-pop",[15,108217,1260],{},[20,108219,174,108220,9968],{},[15,108221,1260],{},[193,108223,108224,108230,108233],{},[196,108225,108226,108227],{},"You want to remove ",[30,108228,108229],{},"any one item",[196,108231,108232],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[196,108234,108235],{},"You want the removed item returned",[44,108237,108239],{"className":46,"code":108238,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108240,108241,108261,108275],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108242,108243,108245,108247,108249,108251,108253,108255,108257,108259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108244,266],{"class":59},[53,108246,64],{"class":63},[53,108248,68],{"class":67},[53,108250,274],{"class":273},[53,108252,81],{"class":67},[53,108254,279],{"class":273},[53,108256,81],{"class":67},[53,108258,284],{"class":273},[53,108260,101],{"class":67},[53,108262,108263,108265,108267,108269,108271,108273],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108264,1801],{"class":59},[53,108266,64],{"class":63},[53,108268,3622],{"class":59},[53,108270,37],{"class":67},[53,108272,25596],{"class":112},[53,108274,8011],{"class":67},[53,108276,108277,108279,108281,108283],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108278,132],{"class":131},[53,108280,116],{"class":67},[53,108282,236],{"class":112},[53,108284,125],{"class":67},[599,108286,174,108288],{"id":108287},"use-remove",[15,108289,17],{},[20,108291,174,108292,9968],{},[15,108293,17],{},[193,108295,108296,108302],{},[196,108297,108298,108299],{},"You want to delete a ",[30,108300,108301],{},"specific item",[196,108303,108304],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[44,108306,108307],{"className":46,"code":259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108308,108309,108329,108343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108310,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321,108323,108325,108327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108312,266],{"class":59},[53,108314,64],{"class":63},[53,108316,68],{"class":67},[53,108318,274],{"class":273},[53,108320,81],{"class":67},[53,108322,279],{"class":273},[53,108324,81],{"class":67},[53,108326,284],{"class":273},[53,108328,101],{"class":67},[53,108330,108331,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108332,291],{"class":59},[53,108334,37],{"class":67},[53,108336,113],{"class":112},[53,108338,116],{"class":67},[53,108340,300],{"class":273},[53,108342,125],{"class":67},[53,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108346,132],{"class":131},[53,108348,116],{"class":67},[53,108350,291],{"class":112},[53,108352,125],{"class":67},[20,108354,108355,108356,108358,108359,108363],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108357,17],{}," raises an error. See the ",[464,108360,108361,830],{"href":97562},[15,108362,24],{}," for details.",[599,108365,174,108367],{"id":108366},"use-discard",[15,108368,589],{},[20,108370,174,108371,9968],{},[15,108372,589],{},[193,108374,108375,108379],{},[196,108376,108298,108377],{},[30,108378,108301],{},[196,108380,108381,108382,108384],{},"You do ",[30,108383,461],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[44,108386,108388],{"className":46,"code":108387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108389,108390,108410,108424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108393,266],{"class":59},[53,108395,64],{"class":63},[53,108397,68],{"class":67},[53,108399,274],{"class":273},[53,108401,81],{"class":67},[53,108403,279],{"class":273},[53,108405,81],{"class":67},[53,108407,284],{"class":273},[53,108409,101],{"class":67},[53,108411,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108413,291],{"class":59},[53,108415,37],{"class":67},[53,108417,693],{"class":112},[53,108419,116],{"class":67},[53,108421,1487],{"class":273},[53,108423,125],{"class":67},[53,108425,108426,108428,108430,108432],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108427,132],{"class":131},[53,108429,116],{"class":67},[53,108431,291],{"class":112},[53,108433,125],{"class":67},[20,108435,108436,108437,108439,108440,108444],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108438,1487],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[464,108441,108442,830],{"href":826},[15,108443,102206],{}," for more examples.",[39,108446,2185],{"id":2184},[20,108448,70839,108449,191],{},[15,108450,107444],{},[193,108452,108453,108459,108464,108469],{},[196,108454,108455,108456],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108457,108458],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[196,108460,838,108461,108463],{},[15,108462,1260],{}," to remove the first or last item",[196,108465,29006,108466,108468],{},[15,108467,1260],{}," on an empty set",[196,108470,7785,108471,108473],{},[15,108472,1260],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108475,61654],{},[44,108477,108479],{"className":46,"code":108478,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108480,108481,108491,108505,108519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108482,108483,108485,108487,108489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108484,132],{"class":131},[53,108486,116],{"class":67},[53,108488,227],{"class":112},[53,108490,125],{"class":67},[53,108492,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108494,132],{"class":131},[53,108496,116],{"class":67},[53,108498,10528],{"class":131},[53,108500,116],{"class":67},[53,108502,227],{"class":112},[53,108504,1377],{"class":67},[53,108506,108507,108509,108511,108513,108515,108517],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108508,132],{"class":131},[53,108510,116],{"class":67},[53,108512,2578],{"class":550},[53,108514,116],{"class":67},[53,108516,227],{"class":112},[53,108518,1377],{"class":67},[53,108520,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,108522,27894],{"class":59},[53,108524,64],{"class":63},[53,108526,96281],{"class":59},[53,108528,37],{"class":67},[53,108530,25596],{"class":112},[53,108532,8011],{"class":67},[20,108534,25363],{},[193,108536,108537,108540,108543,108546],{},[196,108538,108539],{},"What values are in the set",[196,108541,108542],{},"Whether the set is empty",[196,108544,108545],{},"That the object is really a set",[196,108547,108548],{},"What value was actually removed",[39,108550,1187],{"id":1186},[599,108552,1191,108554,108556],{"id":108553},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108555,107444],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108558,108559,108560,108562],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108561,1260],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[599,108564,108566,108567,1222],{"id":108565},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108568,107444],{},[20,108570,108571,108572,108574,108575,108577],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108573,1260],{},", set ",[15,108576,1260],{}," does not accept an index.",[599,108579,108581],{"id":108580},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108583,71008,108584,43986,108586,108588],{},[15,108585,36],{},[15,108587,1260],{}," is called on an empty set.",[599,108590,108592],{"id":108591},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108594,174,108595,1219,108597,10458,108599,37],{},[15,108596,17],{},[15,108598,589],{},[15,108600,1260],{},[39,108602,1244],{"id":1243},[193,108604,108605,108609,108615,108621,108625],{},[196,108606,108607],{},[464,108608,95687],{"href":96853},[196,108610,108611],{},[464,108612,827,108613,830],{"href":97562},[15,108614,17],{},[196,108616,108617],{},[464,108618,827,108619,830],{"href":826},[15,108620,589],{},[196,108622,108623],{},[464,108624,579],{"href":578},[196,108626,108627],{},[464,108628,54873],{"href":54426},[1276,108630,108631],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":108633},[108634,108635,108637,108638,108639,108640,108646,108655,108656,108664],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":107564,"depth":104,"text":108636},"What set.pop() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":107702,"depth":104,"text":107703},{"id":107803,"depth":104,"text":107804},{"id":107957,"depth":104,"text":107958,"children":108641},[108642,108644],{"id":108022,"depth":128,"text":108643},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108113,"depth":128,"text":108645},"Use try and except",{"id":108203,"depth":104,"text":108647,"children":108648},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108649,108651,108653],{"id":108215,"depth":128,"text":108650},"Use pop()",{"id":108287,"depth":128,"text":108652},"Use remove()",{"id":108366,"depth":128,"text":108654},"Use discard()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":108657},[108658,108660,108662,108663],{"id":108553,"depth":128,"text":108659},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108565,"depth":128,"text":108661},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108580,"depth":128,"text":108581},{"id":108591,"depth":128,"text":108592},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107432,"description":108665},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":108672,"description":1311,"extension":1312,"meta":109740,"navigation":383,"path":1314,"seo":109741,"stem":1316,"__hash__":1317},{"type":7,"value":108673,"toc":109716},[108674,108678,108682,108688,108690,108754,108758,108782,108788,108792,108796,108808,108810,108812,108830,108842,108844,108892,108896,108912,108914,108986,108990,109014,109018,109024,109026,109032,109086,109090,109106,109110,109114,109118,109124,109130,109134,109140,109194,109196,109212,109216,109222,109286,109290,109322,109324,109334,109340,109342,109346,109352,109354,109422,109426,109434,109436,109500,109502,109506,109552,109556,109622,109628,109634,109636,109640,109644,109646,109648,109650,109652,109656,109660,109664,109668,109674,109680,109684,109686,109688,109714],[10,108675,13,108676,18],{"id":12},[15,108677,17],{},[20,108679,108680,25],{},[15,108681,24],{},[20,108683,28,108684,33,108686,37],{},[30,108685,32],{},[15,108687,36],{},[39,108689,42],{"id":41},[44,108691,108692],{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108693,108694,108726,108744],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108695,108696,108698,108700,108702,108704,108706,108708,108710,108712,108714,108716,108718,108720,108722,108724],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108697,60],{"class":59},[53,108699,64],{"class":63},[53,108701,68],{"class":67},[53,108703,72],{"class":71},[53,108705,76],{"class":75},[53,108707,72],{"class":71},[53,108709,81],{"class":67},[53,108711,84],{"class":71},[53,108713,87],{"class":75},[53,108715,72],{"class":71},[53,108717,81],{"class":67},[53,108719,84],{"class":71},[53,108721,96],{"class":75},[53,108723,72],{"class":71},[53,108725,101],{"class":67},[53,108727,108728,108730,108732,108734,108736,108738,108740,108742],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108729,107],{"class":59},[53,108731,37],{"class":67},[53,108733,113],{"class":112},[53,108735,116],{"class":67},[53,108737,72],{"class":71},[53,108739,87],{"class":75},[53,108741,72],{"class":71},[53,108743,125],{"class":67},[53,108745,108746,108748,108750,108752],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108747,132],{"class":131},[53,108749,116],{"class":67},[53,108751,107],{"class":112},[53,108753,125],{"class":67},[20,108755,108756],{},[30,108757,143],{},[44,108759,108760],{"className":46,"code":146,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108761,108762],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108763,108764,108766,108768,108770,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108765,153],{"class":67},[53,108767,156],{"class":71},[53,108769,76],{"class":75},[53,108771,156],{"class":71},[53,108773,81],{"class":67},[53,108775,165],{"class":71},[53,108777,96],{"class":75},[53,108779,156],{"class":71},[53,108781,101],{"class":67},[20,108783,174,108784,177,108786,37],{},[15,108785,17],{},[15,108787,36],{},[39,108789,183,108790,186],{"id":182},[15,108791,24],{},[20,108793,108794,191],{},[15,108795,24],{},[193,108797,108798,108800,108802,108804],{},[196,108799,198],{},[196,108801,201],{},[196,108803,204],{},[196,108805,207,108806,210],{},[15,108807,36],{},[20,108809,213],{},[39,108811,217],{"id":216},[44,108813,108814],{"className":46,"code":220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108815,108816],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108817,108818,108820,108822,108824,108826,108828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108819,227],{"class":59},[53,108821,37],{"class":67},[53,108823,113],{"class":112},[53,108825,116],{"class":67},[53,108827,236],{"class":112},[53,108829,125],{"class":67},[193,108831,108832,108836,108840],{},[196,108833,108834,245],{},[15,108835,227],{},[196,108837,108838,250],{},[15,108839,236],{},[196,108841,253],{},[20,108843,256],{},[44,108845,108846],{"className":46,"code":259,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108847,108848,108868,108882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108849,108850,108852,108854,108856,108858,108860,108862,108864,108866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108851,266],{"class":59},[53,108853,64],{"class":63},[53,108855,68],{"class":67},[53,108857,274],{"class":273},[53,108859,81],{"class":67},[53,108861,279],{"class":273},[53,108863,81],{"class":67},[53,108865,284],{"class":273},[53,108867,101],{"class":67},[53,108869,108870,108872,108874,108876,108878,108880],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108871,291],{"class":59},[53,108873,37],{"class":67},[53,108875,113],{"class":112},[53,108877,116],{"class":67},[53,108879,300],{"class":273},[53,108881,125],{"class":67},[53,108883,108884,108886,108888,108890],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108885,132],{"class":131},[53,108887,116],{"class":67},[53,108889,291],{"class":112},[53,108891,125],{"class":67},[20,108893,108894],{},[30,108895,143],{},[44,108897,108898],{"className":46,"code":319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108899,108900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108901,108902,108904,108906,108908,108910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108903,153],{"class":67},[53,108905,274],{"class":273},[53,108907,81],{"class":67},[53,108909,284],{"class":273},[53,108911,101],{"class":67},[39,108913,337],{"id":336},[44,108915,108916],{"className":46,"code":340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108917,108918,108950,108954,108972,108976],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108919,108920,108922,108924,108926,108928,108930,108932,108934,108936,108938,108940,108942,108944,108946,108948],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108921,347],{"class":59},[53,108923,64],{"class":63},[53,108925,68],{"class":67},[53,108927,72],{"class":71},[53,108929,356],{"class":75},[53,108931,72],{"class":71},[53,108933,81],{"class":67},[53,108935,84],{"class":71},[53,108937,365],{"class":75},[53,108939,72],{"class":71},[53,108941,81],{"class":67},[53,108943,84],{"class":71},[53,108945,374],{"class":75},[53,108947,72],{"class":71},[53,108949,101],{"class":67},[53,108951,108952],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,108953,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,108955,108956,108958,108960,108962,108964,108966,108968,108970],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,108957,389],{"class":59},[53,108959,37],{"class":67},[53,108961,113],{"class":112},[53,108963,116],{"class":67},[53,108965,72],{"class":71},[53,108967,365],{"class":75},[53,108969,72],{"class":71},[53,108971,125],{"class":67},[53,108973,108974],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,108975,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,108977,108978,108980,108982,108984],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,108979,132],{"class":131},[53,108981,116],{"class":67},[53,108983,389],{"class":112},[53,108985,125],{"class":67},[20,108987,108988],{},[30,108989,143],{},[44,108991,108992],{"className":46,"code":426,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,108993,108994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,108995,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004,109006,109008,109010,109012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,108997,153],{"class":67},[53,108999,156],{"class":71},[53,109001,356],{"class":75},[53,109003,156],{"class":71},[53,109005,81],{"class":67},[53,109007,165],{"class":71},[53,109009,374],{"class":75},[53,109011,156],{"class":71},[53,109013,101],{"class":67},[20,109015,451,109016,455],{},[15,109017,454],{},[20,109019,458,109020,462,109022,37],{},[30,109021,461],{},[464,109023,467],{"href":466},[39,109025,471],{"id":470},[20,109027,474,109028,477,109030,37],{},[15,109029,17],{},[15,109031,36],{},[44,109033,109034],{"className":46,"code":482,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109035,109036,109068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109037,109038,109040,109042,109044,109046,109048,109050,109052,109054,109056,109058,109060,109062,109064,109066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109039,60],{"class":59},[53,109041,64],{"class":63},[53,109043,68],{"class":67},[53,109045,72],{"class":71},[53,109047,76],{"class":75},[53,109049,72],{"class":71},[53,109051,81],{"class":67},[53,109053,84],{"class":71},[53,109055,87],{"class":75},[53,109057,72],{"class":71},[53,109059,81],{"class":67},[53,109061,84],{"class":71},[53,109063,96],{"class":75},[53,109065,72],{"class":71},[53,109067,101],{"class":67},[53,109069,109070,109072,109074,109076,109078,109080,109082,109084],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109071,107],{"class":59},[53,109073,37],{"class":67},[53,109075,113],{"class":112},[53,109077,116],{"class":67},[53,109079,72],{"class":71},[53,109081,531],{"class":75},[53,109083,72],{"class":71},[53,109085,125],{"class":67},[20,109087,109088],{},[30,109089,540],{},[44,109091,109092],{"className":46,"code":543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109093,109094],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109095,109096,109098,109100,109102,109104],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109097,36],{"class":550},[53,109099,191],{"class":67},[53,109101,165],{"class":71},[53,109103,531],{"class":75},[53,109105,559],{"class":71},[20,109107,562,109108,566],{},[15,109109,565],{},[20,109111,569,109112,572],{},[15,109113,17],{},[20,109115,575,109116,37],{},[464,109117,579],{"href":578},[39,109119,583,109120,586,109122],{"id":582},[15,109121,17],{},[15,109123,589],{},[20,109125,109126,594,109128,597],{},[15,109127,17],{},[15,109129,589],{},[599,109131,109132],{"id":113},[15,109133,17],{},[193,109135,109136,109138],{},[196,109137,607],{},[196,109139,610],{},[44,109141,109142],{"className":46,"code":613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109143,109144,109176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109145,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154,109156,109158,109160,109162,109164,109166,109168,109170,109172,109174],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109147,620],{"class":59},[53,109149,64],{"class":63},[53,109151,68],{"class":67},[53,109153,72],{"class":71},[53,109155,464],{"class":75},[53,109157,72],{"class":71},[53,109159,81],{"class":67},[53,109161,84],{"class":71},[53,109163,637],{"class":75},[53,109165,72],{"class":71},[53,109167,81],{"class":67},[53,109169,84],{"class":71},[53,109171,646],{"class":75},[53,109173,72],{"class":71},[53,109175,101],{"class":67},[53,109177,109178,109180,109182,109184,109186,109188,109190,109192],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109179,655],{"class":59},[53,109181,37],{"class":67},[53,109183,113],{"class":112},[53,109185,116],{"class":67},[53,109187,72],{"class":71},[53,109189,666],{"class":75},[53,109191,72],{"class":71},[53,109193,125],{"class":67},[20,109195,673],{},[44,109197,109198],{"className":46,"code":676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109199,109200],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109201,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109203,36],{"class":550},[53,109205,191],{"class":67},[53,109207,165],{"class":71},[53,109209,666],{"class":75},[53,109211,559],{"class":71},[599,109213,109214],{"id":693},[15,109215,589],{},[193,109217,109218,109220],{},[196,109219,607],{},[196,109221,702],{},[44,109223,109224],{"className":46,"code":705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109225,109226,109258,109276],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109227,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242,109244,109246,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109229,620],{"class":59},[53,109231,64],{"class":63},[53,109233,68],{"class":67},[53,109235,72],{"class":71},[53,109237,464],{"class":75},[53,109239,72],{"class":71},[53,109241,81],{"class":67},[53,109243,84],{"class":71},[53,109245,637],{"class":75},[53,109247,72],{"class":71},[53,109249,81],{"class":67},[53,109251,84],{"class":71},[53,109253,646],{"class":75},[53,109255,72],{"class":71},[53,109257,101],{"class":67},[53,109259,109260,109262,109264,109266,109268,109270,109272,109274],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109261,655],{"class":59},[53,109263,37],{"class":67},[53,109265,693],{"class":112},[53,109267,116],{"class":67},[53,109269,72],{"class":71},[53,109271,666],{"class":75},[53,109273,72],{"class":71},[53,109275,125],{"class":67},[53,109277,109278,109280,109282,109284],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,109279,132],{"class":131},[53,109281,116],{"class":67},[53,109283,655],{"class":112},[53,109285,125],{"class":67},[20,109287,109288],{},[30,109289,772],{},[44,109291,109292],{"className":46,"code":775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109293,109294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109295,109296,109298,109300,109302,109304,109306,109308,109310,109312,109314,109316,109318,109320],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109297,153],{"class":67},[53,109299,156],{"class":71},[53,109301,464],{"class":75},[53,109303,156],{"class":71},[53,109305,81],{"class":67},[53,109307,165],{"class":71},[53,109309,637],{"class":75},[53,109311,156],{"class":71},[53,109313,81],{"class":67},[53,109315,165],{"class":71},[53,109317,646],{"class":75},[53,109319,156],{"class":71},[53,109321,101],{"class":67},[20,109323,808],{},[193,109325,109326,109330],{},[196,109327,109328,815],{},[15,109329,17],{},[196,109331,109332,820],{},[15,109333,589],{},[20,109335,823,109336,37],{},[464,109337,827,109338,830],{"href":826},[15,109339,589],{},[39,109341,834],{"id":833},[599,109343,838,109344,841],{"id":837},[15,109345,17],{},[20,109347,109348,846,109350,37],{},[15,109349,17],{},[15,109351,849],{},[20,109353,852],{},[44,109355,109356],{"className":46,"code":855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109357,109358,109390,109412],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109359,109360,109362,109364,109366,109368,109370,109372,109374,109376,109378,109380,109382,109384,109386,109388],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109361,60],{"class":59},[53,109363,64],{"class":63},[53,109365,68],{"class":67},[53,109367,72],{"class":71},[53,109369,76],{"class":75},[53,109371,72],{"class":71},[53,109373,81],{"class":67},[53,109375,84],{"class":71},[53,109377,87],{"class":75},[53,109379,72],{"class":71},[53,109381,81],{"class":67},[53,109383,84],{"class":71},[53,109385,96],{"class":75},[53,109387,72],{"class":71},[53,109389,101],{"class":67},[53,109391,109392,109394,109396,109398,109400,109402,109404,109406,109408,109410],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109393,894],{"class":59},[53,109395,64],{"class":63},[53,109397,899],{"class":59},[53,109399,37],{"class":67},[53,109401,113],{"class":112},[53,109403,116],{"class":67},[53,109405,72],{"class":71},[53,109407,87],{"class":75},[53,109409,72],{"class":71},[53,109411,125],{"class":67},[53,109413,109414,109416,109418,109420],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,109415,132],{"class":131},[53,109417,116],{"class":67},[53,109419,922],{"class":112},[53,109421,125],{"class":67},[20,109423,109424],{},[30,109425,772],{},[44,109427,109428],{"className":46,"code":931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109429,109430],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109431,109432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109433,931],{"class":938},[20,109435,941],{},[44,109437,109438],{"className":46,"code":47,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109439,109440,109472,109490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109441,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468,109470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109443,60],{"class":59},[53,109445,64],{"class":63},[53,109447,68],{"class":67},[53,109449,72],{"class":71},[53,109451,76],{"class":75},[53,109453,72],{"class":71},[53,109455,81],{"class":67},[53,109457,84],{"class":71},[53,109459,87],{"class":75},[53,109461,72],{"class":71},[53,109463,81],{"class":67},[53,109465,84],{"class":71},[53,109467,96],{"class":75},[53,109469,72],{"class":71},[53,109471,101],{"class":67},[53,109473,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486,109488],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109475,107],{"class":59},[53,109477,37],{"class":67},[53,109479,113],{"class":112},[53,109481,116],{"class":67},[53,109483,72],{"class":71},[53,109485,87],{"class":75},[53,109487,72],{"class":71},[53,109489,125],{"class":67},[53,109491,109492,109494,109496,109498],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,109493,132],{"class":131},[53,109495,116],{"class":67},[53,109497,107],{"class":112},[53,109499,125],{"class":67},[599,109501,1009],{"id":1008},[20,109503,1012,109504,37],{},[15,109505,36],{},[44,109507,109508],{"className":46,"code":1017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109509,109510,109534],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109511,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109513,60],{"class":59},[53,109515,64],{"class":63},[53,109517,68],{"class":67},[53,109519,72],{"class":71},[53,109521,76],{"class":75},[53,109523,72],{"class":71},[53,109525,81],{"class":67},[53,109527,84],{"class":71},[53,109529,87],{"class":75},[53,109531,72],{"class":71},[53,109533,101],{"class":67},[53,109535,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109537,107],{"class":59},[53,109539,37],{"class":67},[53,109541,113],{"class":112},[53,109543,116],{"class":67},[53,109545,72],{"class":71},[53,109547,96],{"class":75},[53,109549,72],{"class":71},[53,109551,125],{"class":67},[20,109553,1064,109554,191],{},[15,109555,1067],{},[44,109557,109558],{"className":46,"code":1070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,109559,109560,109584,109588,109604],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109561,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572,109574,109576,109578,109580,109582],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109563,60],{"class":59},[53,109565,64],{"class":63},[53,109567,68],{"class":67},[53,109569,72],{"class":71},[53,109571,76],{"class":75},[53,109573,72],{"class":71},[53,109575,81],{"class":67},[53,109577,84],{"class":71},[53,109579,87],{"class":75},[53,109581,72],{"class":71},[53,109583,101],{"class":67},[53,109585,109586],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109587,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,109589,109590,109592,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,109591,1106],{"class":1105},[53,109593,84],{"class":71},[53,109595,96],{"class":75},[53,109597,72],{"class":71},[53,109599,1115],{"class":63},[53,109601,899],{"class":59},[53,109603,1120],{"class":67},[53,109605,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618,109620],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,109607,1125],{"class":59},[53,109609,37],{"class":67},[53,109611,113],{"class":112},[53,109613,116],{"class":67},[53,109615,72],{"class":71},[53,109617,96],{"class":75},[53,109619,72],{"class":71},[53,109621,125],{"class":67},[20,109623,1142,109624,1147],{},[464,109625,109626],{"href":826},[15,109627,589],{},[599,109629,1151,109630,1154,109632],{"id":1150},[15,109631,24],{},[15,109633,1157],{},[20,109635,1160],{},[20,109637,1163,109638,1166],{},[15,109639,24],{},[20,109641,1169,109642,37],{},[464,109643,1173],{"href":1172},[599,109645,1177],{"id":1176},[20,109647,1180],{},[20,109649,1183],{},[39,109651,1187],{"id":1186},[599,109653,1191,109654,1194],{"id":1190},[15,109655,24],{},[20,109657,1197,109658,37],{},[15,109659,849],{},[599,109661,1203,109662,1206],{"id":1202},[15,109663,24],{},[20,109665,1209,109666,1212],{},[15,109667,36],{},[599,109669,1216,109670,1219,109672,1222],{"id":1215},[15,109671,17],{},[15,109673,589],{},[20,109675,174,109676,1227,109678,1230],{},[15,109677,17],{},[15,109679,589],{},[599,109681,1234,109682,1237],{"id":1233},[15,109683,24],{},[20,109685,1240],{},[39,109687,1244],{"id":1243},[193,109689,109690,109696,109702,109706,109710],{},[196,109691,109692],{},[464,109693,827,109694,830],{"href":826},[15,109695,589],{},[196,109697,109698],{},[464,109699,827,109700,830],{"href":1257},[15,109701,1260],{},[196,109703,109704],{},[464,109705,1265],{"href":466},[196,109707,109708],{},[464,109709,1270],{"href":1172},[196,109711,109712],{},[464,109713,579],{"href":578},[1276,109715,1278],{},{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":109717},[109718,109719,109720,109721,109722,109723,109727,109733,109739],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":182,"depth":104,"text":1283},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":470,"depth":104,"text":471},{"id":582,"depth":104,"text":1288,"children":109724},[109725,109726],{"id":113,"depth":128,"text":17},{"id":693,"depth":128,"text":589},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":109728},[109729,109730,109731,109732],{"id":837,"depth":128,"text":1295},{"id":1008,"depth":128,"text":1009},{"id":1150,"depth":128,"text":1298},{"id":1176,"depth":128,"text":1177},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":109734},[109735,109736,109737,109738],{"id":1190,"depth":128,"text":1303},{"id":1202,"depth":128,"text":1305},{"id":1215,"depth":128,"text":1307},{"id":1233,"depth":128,"text":1309},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},{},{"title":5,"description":1311},{"id":109743,"title":109744,"body":109745,"description":111118,"extension":1312,"meta":111119,"navigation":383,"path":111120,"seo":111121,"stem":111122,"__hash__":111123},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":109746,"toc":111093},[109747,109753,109759,109762,109765,109779,109781,109862,109865,109870,109874,109888,109895,109897,109916,109919,109937,109939,110019,110021,110046,110050,110053,110061,110066,110071,110073,110086,110091,110094,110118,110121,110129,110131,110134,110231,110233,110266,110268,110294,110301,110304,110308,110316,110320,110328,110330,110420,110422,110436,110443,110448,110453,110455,110546,110548,110560,110562,110576,110582,110590,110592,110674,110676,110721,110724,110732,110735,110737,110741,110784,110786,110806,110811,110813,110898,110900,110905,110907,110914,110922,110928,110931,110933,111019,111021,111045,111049,111052,111054,111081,111091],[10,109748,13,109750,18],{"id":109749},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,109751,109752],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,109754,109755,109758],{},[15,109756,109757],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,109760,109761],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,109763,109764],{},"Use it when:",[193,109766,109767,109770,109776],{},[196,109768,109769],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[196,109771,109772,109773,109775],{},"you do ",[30,109774,461],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[196,109777,109778],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[39,109780,2968],{"id":2967},[44,109782,109784],{"className":46,"code":109783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,109785,109786,109806,109826,109830,109849],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109787,109788,109790,109792,109794,109796,109798,109800,109802,109804],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109789,1908],{"class":59},[53,109791,64],{"class":63},[53,109793,68],{"class":67},[53,109795,274],{"class":273},[53,109797,81],{"class":67},[53,109799,279],{"class":273},[53,109801,81],{"class":67},[53,109803,284],{"class":273},[53,109805,101],{"class":67},[53,109807,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109809,1936],{"class":59},[53,109811,64],{"class":63},[53,109813,68],{"class":67},[53,109815,1412],{"class":273},[53,109817,81],{"class":67},[53,109819,1811],{"class":273},[53,109821,81],{"class":67},[53,109823,3963],{"class":273},[53,109825,101],{"class":67},[53,109827,109828],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,109829,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,109831,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109843,109845,109847],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,109833,1582],{"class":59},[53,109835,64],{"class":63},[53,109837,56245],{"class":59},[53,109839,37],{"class":67},[53,109841,109842],{"class":112},"symmetric_difference",[53,109844,116],{"class":67},[53,109846,637],{"class":112},[53,109848,125],{"class":67},[53,109850,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,109852,132],{"class":131},[53,109854,116],{"class":67},[53,109856,1617],{"class":112},[53,109858,3021],{"class":67},[53,109860,109861],{"class":3024},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,109863,109864],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[39,109866,183,109868,186],{"id":109867},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,109869,109752],{},[20,109871,109872,191],{},[15,109873,109757],{},[193,109875,109876,109879,109882,109885],{},[196,109877,109878],{},"returns a new set",[196,109880,109881],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[196,109883,109884],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[196,109886,109887],{},"does not change the original set",[20,109889,95683,109890,1219,109892,37],{},[464,109891,95687],{"href":95686},[464,109893,109894],{"href":95690},"creating a set in Python",[39,109896,217],{"id":216},[44,109898,109900],{"className":46,"code":109899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,109901,109902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109903,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912,109914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109905,99934],{"class":59},[53,109907,37],{"class":67},[53,109909,109842],{"class":112},[53,109911,116],{"class":67},[53,109913,99943],{"class":112},[53,109915,125],{"class":67},[20,109917,109918],{},"Notes:",[193,109920,109921,109926,109931,109934],{},[196,109922,109923,109925],{},[15,109924,99934],{}," must be a set",[196,109927,109928,109930],{},[15,109929,99943],{}," can be any iterable",[196,109932,109933],{},"the result is always a set",[196,109935,109936],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,109938,1559],{},[44,109940,109942],{"className":46,"code":109941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,109943,109944,109965,109986,109990,110009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,109945,109946,109949,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,109947,109948],{"class":59},"set1 ",[53,109950,64],{"class":63},[53,109952,68],{"class":67},[53,109954,274],{"class":273},[53,109956,81],{"class":67},[53,109958,279],{"class":273},[53,109960,81],{"class":67},[53,109962,284],{"class":273},[53,109964,101],{"class":67},[53,109966,109967,109970,109972,109974,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,109968,109969],{"class":59},"set2 ",[53,109971,64],{"class":63},[53,109973,68],{"class":67},[53,109975,1412],{"class":273},[53,109977,81],{"class":67},[53,109979,1811],{"class":273},[53,109981,81],{"class":67},[53,109983,3963],{"class":273},[53,109985,101],{"class":67},[53,109987,109988],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,109989,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,109991,109992,109994,109996,109999,110001,110003,110005,110007],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,109993,1582],{"class":59},[53,109995,64],{"class":63},[53,109997,109998],{"class":59}," set1",[53,110000,37],{"class":67},[53,110002,109842],{"class":112},[53,110004,116],{"class":67},[53,110006,99943],{"class":112},[53,110008,125],{"class":67},[53,110010,110011,110013,110015,110017],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,110012,132],{"class":131},[53,110014,116],{"class":67},[53,110016,1617],{"class":112},[53,110018,125],{"class":67},[20,110020,772],{},[44,110022,110024],{"className":46,"code":110023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110025,110026],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110027,110028,110030,110032,110034,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110029,153],{"class":67},[53,110031,274],{"class":273},[53,110033,81],{"class":67},[53,110035,279],{"class":273},[53,110037,81],{"class":67},[53,110039,1811],{"class":273},[53,110041,81],{"class":67},[53,110043,3963],{"class":273},[53,110045,101],{"class":67},[39,110047,110049],{"id":110048},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110051,110052],{},"The result includes:",[193,110054,110055,110058],{},[196,110056,110057],{},"items only in the first set",[196,110059,110060],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110062,110063,110064,10449],{},"The result does ",[30,110065,461],{},[193,110067,110068],{},[196,110069,110070],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110072,4832],{},[193,110074,110075,110080],{},[196,110076,110077,110078],{},"first set: ",[15,110079,99632],{},[196,110081,110082,110083],{},"second set: ",[15,110084,110085],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110087,3410,110088,110090],{},[15,110089,1412],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110092,110093],{},"The output is:",[44,110095,110096],{"className":46,"code":110023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,110097,110098],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110099,110100,110102,110104,110106,110108,110110,110112,110114,110116],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110101,153],{"class":67},[53,110103,274],{"class":273},[53,110105,81],{"class":67},[53,110107,279],{"class":273},[53,110109,81],{"class":67},[53,110111,1811],{"class":273},[53,110113,81],{"class":67},[53,110115,3963],{"class":273},[53,110117,101],{"class":67},[20,110119,110120],{},"Also remember:",[193,110122,110123,110126],{},[196,110124,110125],{},"sets are unordered",[196,110127,110128],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[39,110130,337],{"id":336},[20,110132,110133],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[44,110135,110137],{"className":46,"code":110136,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110138,110139,110171,110195,110199,110217,110221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110140,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110142,106368],{"class":59},[53,110144,64],{"class":63},[53,110146,68],{"class":67},[53,110148,72],{"class":71},[53,110150,76],{"class":75},[53,110152,72],{"class":71},[53,110154,81],{"class":67},[53,110156,84],{"class":71},[53,110158,87],{"class":75},[53,110160,72],{"class":71},[53,110162,81],{"class":67},[53,110164,84],{"class":71},[53,110166,96],{"class":75},[53,110168,72],{"class":71},[53,110170,101],{"class":67},[53,110172,110173,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110174,106401],{"class":59},[53,110176,64],{"class":63},[53,110178,68],{"class":67},[53,110180,72],{"class":71},[53,110182,96],{"class":75},[53,110184,72],{"class":71},[53,110186,81],{"class":67},[53,110188,84],{"class":71},[53,110190,531],{"class":75},[53,110192,72],{"class":71},[53,110194,101],{"class":67},[53,110196,110197],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,110198,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,110200,110201,110203,110205,110207,110209,110211,110213,110215],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,110202,1582],{"class":59},[53,110204,64],{"class":63},[53,110206,106443],{"class":59},[53,110208,37],{"class":67},[53,110210,109842],{"class":112},[53,110212,116],{"class":67},[53,110214,106452],{"class":112},[53,110216,125],{"class":67},[53,110218,110219],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,110220,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,110222,110223,110225,110227,110229],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,110224,132],{"class":131},[53,110226,116],{"class":67},[53,110228,1617],{"class":112},[53,110230,125],{"class":67},[20,110232,772],{},[44,110234,110236],{"className":46,"code":110235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110237,110238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110239,110240,110242,110244,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256,110258,110260,110262,110264],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110241,153],{"class":67},[53,110243,156],{"class":71},[53,110245,76],{"class":75},[53,110247,156],{"class":71},[53,110249,81],{"class":67},[53,110251,165],{"class":71},[53,110253,87],{"class":75},[53,110255,156],{"class":71},[53,110257,81],{"class":67},[53,110259,165],{"class":71},[53,110261,531],{"class":75},[53,110263,156],{"class":71},[53,110265,101],{"class":67},[20,110267,12768],{},[193,110269,110270,110275,110286],{},[196,110271,110272,110274],{},[15,110273,95851],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[196,110276,110277,594,110279,110282,110283,110285],{},[15,110278,64751],{},[15,110280,110281],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110284,106505],{},", so they stay",[196,110287,110288,110290,110291,110293],{},[15,110289,565],{}," is only in ",[15,110292,106452],{},", so it stays",[39,110295,110297,9952,110299],{"id":110296},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110298,109752],{},[15,110300,99763],{},[20,110302,110303],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110305,110306,191],{},[15,110307,99763],{},[193,110309,110310,110313],{},[196,110311,110312],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[196,110314,110315],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110317,110318,191],{},[15,110319,109752],{},[193,110321,110322,110325],{},[196,110323,110324],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[196,110326,110327],{},"removes shared items",[20,110329,1559],{},[44,110331,110333],{"className":46,"code":110332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110334,110335,110355,110375,110379,110400],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110336,110337,110339,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349,110351,110353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110338,1908],{"class":59},[53,110340,64],{"class":63},[53,110342,68],{"class":67},[53,110344,274],{"class":273},[53,110346,81],{"class":67},[53,110348,279],{"class":273},[53,110350,81],{"class":67},[53,110352,284],{"class":273},[53,110354,101],{"class":67},[53,110356,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371,110373],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110358,1936],{"class":59},[53,110360,64],{"class":63},[53,110362,68],{"class":67},[53,110364,1412],{"class":273},[53,110366,81],{"class":67},[53,110368,1811],{"class":273},[53,110370,81],{"class":67},[53,110372,3963],{"class":273},[53,110374,101],{"class":67},[53,110376,110377],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,110378,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,110380,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391,110393,110395,110397],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,110382,132],{"class":131},[53,110384,116],{"class":67},[53,110386,464],{"class":112},[53,110388,37],{"class":67},[53,110390,2166],{"class":112},[53,110392,116],{"class":67},[53,110394,637],{"class":112},[53,110396,4721],{"class":67},[53,110398,110399],{"class":3024},"            # {1, 2}\n",[53,110401,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410,110412,110414,110416,110418],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,110403,132],{"class":131},[53,110405,116],{"class":67},[53,110407,464],{"class":112},[53,110409,37],{"class":67},[53,110411,109842],{"class":112},[53,110413,116],{"class":67},[53,110415,637],{"class":112},[53,110417,4721],{"class":67},[53,110419,109861],{"class":3024},[20,110421,808],{},[193,110423,110424,110431],{},[196,110425,110426,110430],{},[464,110427,110428],{"href":102188},[15,110429,99763],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[196,110432,110433,110435],{},[15,110434,109752],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[39,110437,110439,9952,110441],{"id":110438},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110440,109752],{},[15,110442,102147],{},[20,110444,110445,110447],{},[15,110446,102147],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110449,110450,110452],{},[15,110451,109752],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110454,1559],{},[44,110456,110458],{"className":46,"code":110457,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110459,110460,110480,110500,110504,110526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110461,110462,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110463,1908],{"class":59},[53,110465,64],{"class":63},[53,110467,68],{"class":67},[53,110469,274],{"class":273},[53,110471,81],{"class":67},[53,110473,279],{"class":273},[53,110475,81],{"class":67},[53,110477,284],{"class":273},[53,110479,101],{"class":67},[53,110481,110482,110484,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496,110498],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110483,1936],{"class":59},[53,110485,64],{"class":63},[53,110487,68],{"class":67},[53,110489,1412],{"class":273},[53,110491,81],{"class":67},[53,110493,1811],{"class":273},[53,110495,81],{"class":67},[53,110497,3963],{"class":273},[53,110499,101],{"class":67},[53,110501,110502],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,110503,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,110505,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514,110517,110519,110521,110523],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,110507,132],{"class":131},[53,110509,116],{"class":67},[53,110511,464],{"class":112},[53,110513,37],{"class":67},[53,110515,110516],{"class":112},"union",[53,110518,116],{"class":67},[53,110520,637],{"class":112},[53,110522,4721],{"class":67},[53,110524,110525],{"class":3024},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[53,110527,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538,110540,110542,110544],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,110529,132],{"class":131},[53,110531,116],{"class":67},[53,110533,464],{"class":112},[53,110535,37],{"class":67},[53,110537,109842],{"class":112},[53,110539,116],{"class":67},[53,110541,637],{"class":112},[53,110543,4721],{"class":67},[53,110545,109861],{"class":3024},[20,110547,26576],{},[193,110549,110550,110555],{},[196,110551,110552,110554],{},[15,110553,102147],{}," includes everything",[196,110556,110557,110559],{},[15,110558,109752],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110561,808],{},[193,110563,110564,110571],{},[196,110565,110566,110570],{},[464,110567,110568],{"href":107073},[15,110569,102147],{}," when overlap does not matter",[196,110572,110573,110575],{},[15,110574,109752],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[39,110577,35965,110579,100946],{"id":110578},"using-the-operator",[15,110580,110581],{},"^",[20,110583,110584,110585,110587,110588,37],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110586,110581],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110589,109752],{},[20,110591,1559],{},[44,110593,110595],{"className":46,"code":110594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110596,110597,110617,110637,110641,110659],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110598,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609,110611,110613,110615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110600,109948],{"class":59},[53,110602,64],{"class":63},[53,110604,68],{"class":67},[53,110606,274],{"class":273},[53,110608,81],{"class":67},[53,110610,279],{"class":273},[53,110612,81],{"class":67},[53,110614,284],{"class":273},[53,110616,101],{"class":67},[53,110618,110619,110621,110623,110625,110627,110629,110631,110633,110635],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110620,109969],{"class":59},[53,110622,64],{"class":63},[53,110624,68],{"class":67},[53,110626,1412],{"class":273},[53,110628,81],{"class":67},[53,110630,1811],{"class":273},[53,110632,81],{"class":67},[53,110634,3963],{"class":273},[53,110636,101],{"class":67},[53,110638,110639],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,110640,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,110642,110643,110645,110647,110649,110651,110653,110655,110657],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,110644,132],{"class":131},[53,110646,116],{"class":67},[53,110648,99934],{"class":112},[53,110650,37],{"class":67},[53,110652,109842],{"class":112},[53,110654,116],{"class":67},[53,110656,99943],{"class":112},[53,110658,1377],{"class":67},[53,110660,110661,110663,110665,110667,110669,110672],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,110662,132],{"class":131},[53,110664,116],{"class":67},[53,110666,109948],{"class":112},[53,110668,110581],{"class":63},[53,110670,110671],{"class":112}," set2",[53,110673,125],{"class":67},[20,110675,143],{},[44,110677,110679],{"className":46,"code":110678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110680,110681,110701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110682,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695,110697,110699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110684,153],{"class":67},[53,110686,274],{"class":273},[53,110688,81],{"class":67},[53,110690,279],{"class":273},[53,110692,81],{"class":67},[53,110694,1811],{"class":273},[53,110696,81],{"class":67},[53,110698,3963],{"class":273},[53,110700,101],{"class":67},[53,110702,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717,110719],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110704,153],{"class":67},[53,110706,274],{"class":273},[53,110708,81],{"class":67},[53,110710,279],{"class":273},[53,110712,81],{"class":67},[53,110714,1811],{"class":273},[53,110716,81],{"class":67},[53,110718,3963],{"class":273},[53,110720,101],{"class":67},[20,110722,110723],{},"Both forms:",[193,110725,110726,110729],{},[196,110727,110728],{},"return a new set",[196,110730,110731],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,110733,110734],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[39,110736,834],{"id":833},[20,110738,20567,110739,191],{},[15,110740,109752],{},[193,110742,110743,110751,110761,110776],{},[196,110744,110745,110748,110750],{},[30,110746,110747],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9213,110749],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[196,110752,110753,110756,110758,110760],{},[30,110754,110755],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9213,110757],{},[15,110759,109752],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[196,110762,110763,110768,110770,110772,110773,110775],{},[30,110764,110765,110766],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,110767,99763],{},[9213,110769],{},[15,110771,99763],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,110774,109752],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[196,110777,110778,110781,110783],{},[30,110779,110780],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9213,110782],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,110785,58220],{},[193,110787,110788,110797,110800,110803],{},[196,110789,49850,110790,43986,110792,110796],{},[15,110791,109752],{},[464,110793,110794],{"href":107073},[15,110795,102147],{}," is actually needed",[196,110798,110799],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[196,110801,110802],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[196,110804,110805],{},"being confused by output order",[20,110807,110808,110809,37],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[464,110810,1173],{"href":104686},[20,110812,61654],{},[44,110814,110816],{"className":46,"code":110815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,110817,110818,110828,110838,110856,110870,110884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110819,110820,110822,110824,110826],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110821,132],{"class":131},[53,110823,116],{"class":67},[53,110825,99934],{"class":112},[53,110827,125],{"class":67},[53,110829,110830,110832,110834,110836],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110831,132],{"class":131},[53,110833,116],{"class":67},[53,110835,99943],{"class":112},[53,110837,125],{"class":67},[53,110839,110840,110842,110844,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,110841,132],{"class":131},[53,110843,116],{"class":67},[53,110845,99934],{"class":112},[53,110847,37],{"class":67},[53,110849,109842],{"class":112},[53,110851,116],{"class":67},[53,110853,99943],{"class":112},[53,110855,1377],{"class":67},[53,110857,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,110859,132],{"class":131},[53,110861,116],{"class":67},[53,110863,109948],{"class":112},[53,110865,110581],{"class":63},[53,110867,110671],{"class":112},[53,110869,125],{"class":67},[53,110871,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,110873,132],{"class":131},[53,110875,116],{"class":67},[53,110877,2578],{"class":550},[53,110879,116],{"class":67},[53,110881,99934],{"class":112},[53,110883,1377],{"class":67},[53,110885,110886,110888,110890,110892,110894,110896],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,110887,132],{"class":131},[53,110889,116],{"class":67},[53,110891,2578],{"class":550},[53,110893,116],{"class":67},[53,110895,99943],{"class":112},[53,110897,1377],{"class":67},[39,110899,1187],{"id":1186},[599,110901,1191,110903,102087],{"id":110902},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,110904,109752],{},[20,110906,102090],{},[599,110908,4538,110910,594,110912,1222],{"id":110909},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,110911,109752],{},[15,110913,99763],{},[20,110915,110916,110918,110919,110921],{},[15,110917,99763],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,110920,109752],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[599,110923,27684,110925,110927],{"id":110924},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,110926,109752],{}," with lists?",[20,110929,110930],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,110932,1559],{},[44,110934,110936],{"className":46,"code":110935,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,110937,110938,110958,110978,110982,111009],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,110939,110940,110942,110944,110946,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,110941,80017],{"class":59},[53,110943,64],{"class":63},[53,110945,2982],{"class":67},[53,110947,274],{"class":273},[53,110949,81],{"class":67},[53,110951,279],{"class":273},[53,110953,81],{"class":67},[53,110955,284],{"class":273},[53,110957,2995],{"class":67},[53,110959,110960,110962,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,110961,80038],{"class":59},[53,110963,64],{"class":63},[53,110965,2982],{"class":67},[53,110967,1412],{"class":273},[53,110969,81],{"class":67},[53,110971,1811],{"class":273},[53,110973,81],{"class":67},[53,110975,3963],{"class":273},[53,110977,2995],{"class":67},[53,110979,110980],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,110981,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,110983,110984,110986,110988,110990,110992,110995,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,110985,1582],{"class":59},[53,110987,64],{"class":63},[53,110989,14994],{"class":550},[53,110991,116],{"class":67},[53,110993,110994],{"class":112},"list1",[53,110996,7999],{"class":67},[53,110998,109842],{"class":112},[53,111000,116],{"class":67},[53,111002,5649],{"class":550},[53,111004,116],{"class":67},[53,111006,80304],{"class":112},[53,111008,1377],{"class":67},[53,111010,111011,111013,111015,111017],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111012,132],{"class":131},[53,111014,116],{"class":67},[53,111016,1617],{"class":112},[53,111018,125],{"class":67},[20,111020,772],{},[44,111022,111023],{"className":46,"code":110023,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,111024,111025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111026,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041,111043],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111028,153],{"class":67},[53,111030,274],{"class":273},[53,111032,81],{"class":67},[53,111034,279],{"class":273},[53,111036,81],{"class":67},[53,111038,1811],{"class":273},[53,111040,81],{"class":67},[53,111042,3963],{"class":273},[53,111044,101],{"class":67},[599,111046,111048],{"id":111047},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111050,111051],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[39,111053,1244],{"id":1243},[193,111055,111056,111060,111065,111071,111077],{},[196,111057,111058],{},[464,111059,95687],{"href":95686},[196,111061,111062],{},[464,111063,111064],{"href":95690},"Creating a set in Python",[196,111066,111067],{},[464,111068,827,111069,830],{"href":102188},[15,111070,99763],{},[196,111072,111073],{},[464,111074,827,111075,830],{"href":107073},[15,111076,102147],{},[196,111078,111079],{},[464,111080,1270],{"href":104686},[20,111082,111083,111084,1540,111086,16431,111088,111090],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111085,99763],{},[15,111087,102147],{},[15,111089,109752],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1276,111092,56599],{},{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":111094},[111095,111096,111098,111099,111100,111101,111103,111105,111107,111108,111117],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":109867,"depth":104,"text":111097},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":110048,"depth":104,"text":110049},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":110296,"depth":104,"text":111102},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110438,"depth":104,"text":111104},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110578,"depth":104,"text":111106},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":111109},[111110,111112,111114,111116],{"id":110902,"depth":128,"text":111111},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":110909,"depth":128,"text":111113},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":110924,"depth":128,"text":111115},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111047,"depth":128,"text":111048},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":109744,"description":111118},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111125,"title":111126,"body":111127,"description":113190,"extension":1312,"meta":113191,"navigation":383,"path":107073,"seo":113192,"stem":113193,"__hash__":113194},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111128,"toc":113149},[111129,111134,111139,111142,111155,111157,111239,111244,111249,111253,111265,111268,111272,111274,111301,111303,111314,111317,111386,111388,111394,111397,111407,111409,111498,111503,111505,111512,111515,111517,111520,111640,111642,111711,111714,111731,111736,111739,111855,111857,111886,111889,111895,111900,111904,111985,111987,112015,112020,112024,112119,112121,112162,112166,112169,112236,112238,112279,112285,112300,112307,112314,112318,112324,112410,112414,112422,112493,112498,112505,112507,112513,112515,112580,112582,112598,112603,112606,112675,112679,112682,112741,112744,112748,112801,112814,112817,112870,112874,112876,112907,112910,112915,112968,112972,112975,112996,113008,113010,113063,113065,113070,113072,113078,113081,113087,113092,113096,113099,113107,113116,113118,113146],[10,111130,2934,111132,18],{"id":111131},"python-setunion-method",[15,111133,107386],{},[20,111135,111136,111138],{},[15,111137,107386],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111140,111141],{},"It is useful when you want:",[193,111143,111144,111147,111152],{},[196,111145,111146],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[196,111148,1908,111149,111151],{},[30,111150,100118],{}," as the result",[196,111153,111154],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[39,111156,42],{"id":41},[44,111158,111160],{"className":46,"code":111159,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111161,111162,111182,111202,111206,111224,111234],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111163,111164,111166,111168,111170,111172,111174,111176,111178,111180],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111165,109948],{"class":59},[53,111167,64],{"class":63},[53,111169,68],{"class":67},[53,111171,274],{"class":273},[53,111173,81],{"class":67},[53,111175,279],{"class":273},[53,111177,81],{"class":67},[53,111179,284],{"class":273},[53,111181,101],{"class":67},[53,111183,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196,111198,111200],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111185,109969],{"class":59},[53,111187,64],{"class":63},[53,111189,68],{"class":67},[53,111191,1412],{"class":273},[53,111193,81],{"class":67},[53,111195,1811],{"class":273},[53,111197,81],{"class":67},[53,111199,3963],{"class":273},[53,111201,101],{"class":67},[53,111203,111204],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,111205,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111207,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,111209,1582],{"class":59},[53,111211,64],{"class":63},[53,111213,109998],{"class":59},[53,111215,37],{"class":67},[53,111217,110516],{"class":112},[53,111219,116],{"class":67},[53,111221,99943],{"class":112},[53,111223,125],{"class":67},[53,111225,111226,111228,111230,111232],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111227,132],{"class":131},[53,111229,116],{"class":67},[53,111231,1617],{"class":112},[53,111233,125],{"class":67},[53,111235,111236],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,111237,111238],{"class":3024},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111240,111241,111243],{},[15,111242,102147],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[39,111245,183,111247,186],{"id":111246},"what-setunion-does",[15,111248,107386],{},[20,111250,111251,191],{},[15,111252,107386],{},[193,111254,111255,111258,111261,111263],{},[196,111256,111257],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[196,111259,111260],{},"keeps only unique values",[196,111262,109878],{},[196,111264,109887],{},[20,111266,111267],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111269,95683,111270,37],{},[464,111271,95687],{"href":96853},[39,111273,217],{"id":216},[44,111275,111277],{"className":46,"code":111276,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111278,111279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111280,111281,111283,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111282,99934],{"class":59},[53,111284,37],{"class":67},[53,111286,110516],{"class":112},[53,111288,116],{"class":67},[53,111290,99943],{"class":112},[53,111292,81],{"class":67},[53,111294,99970],{"class":112},[53,111296,81],{"class":67},[53,111298,33808],{"class":131},[53,111300,125],{"class":67},[20,111302,12416],{},[193,111304,111305,111308,111311],{},[196,111306,111307],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[196,111309,111310],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[196,111312,111313],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111315,111316],{},"Example with two sets:",[44,111318,111320],{"className":46,"code":111319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111321,111322,111338,111354,111358,111376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111323,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111325,1908],{"class":59},[53,111327,64],{"class":63},[53,111329,68],{"class":67},[53,111331,274],{"class":273},[53,111333,81],{"class":67},[53,111335,279],{"class":273},[53,111337,101],{"class":67},[53,111339,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111341,1936],{"class":59},[53,111343,64],{"class":63},[53,111345,68],{"class":67},[53,111347,300],{"class":273},[53,111349,81],{"class":67},[53,111351,284],{"class":273},[53,111353,101],{"class":67},[53,111355,111356],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,111357,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111359,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368,111370,111372,111374],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,111361,1582],{"class":59},[53,111363,64],{"class":63},[53,111365,56245],{"class":59},[53,111367,37],{"class":67},[53,111369,110516],{"class":112},[53,111371,116],{"class":67},[53,111373,637],{"class":112},[53,111375,125],{"class":67},[53,111377,111378,111380,111382,111384],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111379,132],{"class":131},[53,111381,116],{"class":67},[53,111383,1617],{"class":112},[53,111385,125],{"class":67},[39,111387,21325],{"id":21324},[20,111389,111390,100115,111392,37],{},[15,111391,107386],{},[30,111393,100118],{},[20,111395,111396],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[193,111398,111399,111402],{},[196,111400,111401],{},"the original set",[196,111403,111404,111405],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111406,102147],{},[20,111408,1559],{},[44,111410,111412],{"className":46,"code":111411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111413,111414,111430,111446,111450,111468,111472,111485],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111415,111416,111418,111420,111422,111424,111426,111428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111417,1908],{"class":59},[53,111419,64],{"class":63},[53,111421,68],{"class":67},[53,111423,274],{"class":273},[53,111425,81],{"class":67},[53,111427,279],{"class":273},[53,111429,101],{"class":67},[53,111431,111432,111434,111436,111438,111440,111442,111444],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111433,1936],{"class":59},[53,111435,64],{"class":63},[53,111437,68],{"class":67},[53,111439,300],{"class":273},[53,111441,81],{"class":67},[53,111443,284],{"class":273},[53,111445,101],{"class":67},[53,111447,111448],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,111449,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111451,111452,111454,111456,111458,111460,111462,111464,111466],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,111453,1582],{"class":59},[53,111455,64],{"class":63},[53,111457,56245],{"class":59},[53,111459,37],{"class":67},[53,111461,110516],{"class":112},[53,111463,116],{"class":67},[53,111465,637],{"class":112},[53,111467,125],{"class":67},[53,111469,111470],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111471,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111473,111474,111476,111478,111480,111482],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,111475,132],{"class":131},[53,111477,116],{"class":67},[53,111479,1617],{"class":112},[53,111481,3021],{"class":67},[53,111483,111484],{"class":3024},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[53,111486,111487,111489,111491,111493,111495],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,111488,132],{"class":131},[53,111490,116],{"class":67},[53,111492,464],{"class":112},[53,111494,3021],{"class":67},[53,111496,111497],{"class":3024},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111499,1639,111500,111502],{},[15,111501,464],{}," did not change.",[20,111504,110120],{},[193,111506,111507,111509],{},[196,111508,110125],{},[196,111510,111511],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111513,111514],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[39,111516,337],{"id":336},[20,111518,111519],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[44,111521,111523],{"className":46,"code":111522,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111524,111525,111558,111591,111595,111615,111619,111629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111526,111527,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544,111546,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111528,111529],{"class":59},"fruits1 ",[53,111531,64],{"class":63},[53,111533,68],{"class":67},[53,111535,72],{"class":71},[53,111537,356],{"class":75},[53,111539,72],{"class":71},[53,111541,81],{"class":67},[53,111543,84],{"class":71},[53,111545,365],{"class":75},[53,111547,72],{"class":71},[53,111549,81],{"class":67},[53,111551,84],{"class":71},[53,111553,374],{"class":75},[53,111555,72],{"class":71},[53,111557,101],{"class":67},[53,111559,111560,111563,111565,111567,111569,111571,111573,111575,111577,111579,111581,111583,111585,111587,111589],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111561,111562],{"class":59},"fruits2 ",[53,111564,64],{"class":63},[53,111566,68],{"class":67},[53,111568,72],{"class":71},[53,111570,365],{"class":75},[53,111572,72],{"class":71},[53,111574,81],{"class":67},[53,111576,84],{"class":71},[53,111578,21886],{"class":75},[53,111580,72],{"class":71},[53,111582,81],{"class":67},[53,111584,84],{"class":71},[53,111586,374],{"class":75},[53,111588,72],{"class":71},[53,111590,101],{"class":67},[53,111592,111593],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,111594,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111596,111597,111599,111601,111604,111606,111608,111610,111613],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,111598,1582],{"class":59},[53,111600,64],{"class":63},[53,111602,111603],{"class":59}," fruits1",[53,111605,37],{"class":67},[53,111607,110516],{"class":112},[53,111609,116],{"class":67},[53,111611,111612],{"class":112},"fruits2",[53,111614,125],{"class":67},[53,111616,111617],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111618,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111620,111621,111623,111625,111627],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,111622,132],{"class":131},[53,111624,116],{"class":67},[53,111626,1617],{"class":112},[53,111628,125],{"class":67},[53,111630,111631,111633,111635,111638],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,111632,132],{"class":131},[53,111634,116],{"class":67},[53,111636,111637],{"class":112},"fruits1",[53,111639,125],{"class":67},[20,111641,143],{},[44,111643,111645],{"className":46,"code":111644,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111646,111647,111683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111648,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663,111665,111667,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111650,153],{"class":67},[53,111652,156],{"class":71},[53,111654,365],{"class":75},[53,111656,156],{"class":71},[53,111658,81],{"class":67},[53,111660,165],{"class":71},[53,111662,374],{"class":75},[53,111664,156],{"class":71},[53,111666,81],{"class":67},[53,111668,165],{"class":71},[53,111670,356],{"class":75},[53,111672,156],{"class":71},[53,111674,81],{"class":67},[53,111676,165],{"class":71},[53,111678,21886],{"class":75},[53,111680,156],{"class":71},[53,111682,101],{"class":67},[53,111684,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697,111699,111701,111703,111705,111707,111709],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111686,153],{"class":67},[53,111688,156],{"class":71},[53,111690,365],{"class":75},[53,111692,156],{"class":71},[53,111694,81],{"class":67},[53,111696,165],{"class":71},[53,111698,374],{"class":75},[53,111700,156],{"class":71},[53,111702,81],{"class":67},[53,111704,165],{"class":71},[53,111706,356],{"class":75},[53,111708,156],{"class":71},[53,111710,101],{"class":67},[20,111712,111713],{},"What this shows:",[193,111715,111716,111723,111726],{},[196,111717,111718,594,111720,111722],{},[15,111719,454],{},[15,111721,65060],{}," appear in both sets",[196,111724,111725],{},"they appear only once in the result",[196,111727,111728,111730],{},[15,111729,111637],{}," stays unchanged",[39,111732,7785,111734,100507],{"id":111733},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,111735,102147],{},[20,111737,111738],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[44,111740,111742],{"className":46,"code":111741,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,111743,111744,111760,111776,111793,111810,111814,111841,111845],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111745,111746,111748,111750,111752,111754,111756,111758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111747,109948],{"class":59},[53,111749,64],{"class":63},[53,111751,68],{"class":67},[53,111753,274],{"class":273},[53,111755,81],{"class":67},[53,111757,279],{"class":273},[53,111759,101],{"class":67},[53,111761,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111763,109969],{"class":59},[53,111765,64],{"class":63},[53,111767,68],{"class":67},[53,111769,300],{"class":273},[53,111771,81],{"class":67},[53,111773,284],{"class":273},[53,111775,101],{"class":67},[53,111777,111778,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789,111791],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,111779,111780],{"class":59},"set3 ",[53,111782,64],{"class":63},[53,111784,68],{"class":67},[53,111786,1412],{"class":273},[53,111788,81],{"class":67},[53,111790,1811],{"class":273},[53,111792,101],{"class":67},[53,111794,111795,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806,111808],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,111796,111797],{"class":59},"set4 ",[53,111799,64],{"class":63},[53,111801,68],{"class":67},[53,111803,1858],{"class":273},[53,111805,81],{"class":67},[53,111807,3963],{"class":273},[53,111809,101],{"class":67},[53,111811,111812],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111813,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111815,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830,111832,111834,111836,111839],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,111817,1582],{"class":59},[53,111819,64],{"class":63},[53,111821,109998],{"class":59},[53,111823,37],{"class":67},[53,111825,110516],{"class":112},[53,111827,116],{"class":67},[53,111829,99943],{"class":112},[53,111831,81],{"class":67},[53,111833,99970],{"class":112},[53,111835,81],{"class":67},[53,111837,111838],{"class":112}," set4",[53,111840,125],{"class":67},[53,111842,111843],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,111844,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111846,111847,111849,111851,111853],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,111848,132],{"class":131},[53,111850,116],{"class":67},[53,111852,1617],{"class":112},[53,111854,125],{"class":67},[20,111856,143],{},[44,111858,111860],{"className":46,"code":111859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111861,111862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111863,111864,111866,111868,111870,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111865,153],{"class":67},[53,111867,274],{"class":273},[53,111869,81],{"class":67},[53,111871,279],{"class":273},[53,111873,81],{"class":67},[53,111875,284],{"class":273},[53,111877,81],{"class":67},[53,111879,1811],{"class":273},[53,111881,81],{"class":67},[53,111883,3963],{"class":273},[53,111885,101],{"class":67},[20,111887,111888],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[39,111890,7785,111892,111894],{"id":111891},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,111893,102147],{}," with other iterables",[20,111896,111897,111899],{},[15,111898,102147],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[599,111901,111903],{"id":111902},"with-a-list","With a list",[44,111905,111907],{"className":46,"code":111906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111908,111909,111929,111953,111957,111975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111910,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111912,266],{"class":59},[53,111914,64],{"class":63},[53,111916,68],{"class":67},[53,111918,274],{"class":273},[53,111920,81],{"class":67},[53,111922,279],{"class":273},[53,111924,81],{"class":67},[53,111926,284],{"class":273},[53,111928,101],{"class":67},[53,111930,111931,111933,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,111932,60406],{"class":59},[53,111934,64],{"class":63},[53,111936,2982],{"class":67},[53,111938,1412],{"class":273},[53,111940,81],{"class":67},[53,111942,1811],{"class":273},[53,111944,81],{"class":67},[53,111946,3963],{"class":273},[53,111948,81],{"class":67},[53,111950,3963],{"class":273},[53,111952,2995],{"class":67},[53,111954,111955],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,111956,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,111958,111959,111961,111963,111965,111967,111969,111971,111973],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,111960,1582],{"class":59},[53,111962,64],{"class":63},[53,111964,3622],{"class":59},[53,111966,37],{"class":67},[53,111968,110516],{"class":112},[53,111970,116],{"class":67},[53,111972,60435],{"class":112},[53,111974,125],{"class":67},[53,111976,111977,111979,111981,111983],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,111978,132],{"class":131},[53,111980,116],{"class":67},[53,111982,1617],{"class":112},[53,111984,125],{"class":67},[20,111986,143],{},[44,111988,111989],{"className":46,"code":111859,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,111990,111991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,111992,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,111994,153],{"class":67},[53,111996,274],{"class":273},[53,111998,81],{"class":67},[53,112000,279],{"class":273},[53,112002,81],{"class":67},[53,112004,284],{"class":273},[53,112006,81],{"class":67},[53,112008,1811],{"class":273},[53,112010,81],{"class":67},[53,112012,3963],{"class":273},[53,112014,101],{"class":67},[20,112016,20334,112017,112019],{},[15,112018,1487],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[599,112021,112023],{"id":112022},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[44,112025,112027],{"className":46,"code":112026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112028,112029,112053,112086,112090,112109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112030,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112032,620],{"class":59},[53,112034,64],{"class":63},[53,112036,68],{"class":67},[53,112038,72],{"class":71},[53,112040,464],{"class":75},[53,112042,72],{"class":71},[53,112044,81],{"class":67},[53,112046,84],{"class":71},[53,112048,637],{"class":75},[53,112050,72],{"class":71},[53,112052,101],{"class":67},[53,112054,112055,112058,112060,112062,112064,112066,112068,112070,112072,112074,112076,112078,112080,112082,112084],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112056,112057],{"class":59},"more_letters ",[53,112059,64],{"class":63},[53,112061,8605],{"class":67},[53,112063,72],{"class":71},[53,112065,637],{"class":75},[53,112067,72],{"class":71},[53,112069,81],{"class":67},[53,112071,84],{"class":71},[53,112073,646],{"class":75},[53,112075,72],{"class":71},[53,112077,81],{"class":67},[53,112079,84],{"class":71},[53,112081,666],{"class":75},[53,112083,72],{"class":71},[53,112085,125],{"class":67},[53,112087,112088],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112089,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112091,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100,112102,112104,112107],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112093,1582],{"class":59},[53,112095,64],{"class":63},[53,112097,69455],{"class":59},[53,112099,37],{"class":67},[53,112101,110516],{"class":112},[53,112103,116],{"class":67},[53,112105,112106],{"class":112},"more_letters",[53,112108,125],{"class":67},[53,112110,112111,112113,112115,112117],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,112112,132],{"class":131},[53,112114,116],{"class":67},[53,112116,1617],{"class":112},[53,112118,125],{"class":67},[20,112120,143],{},[44,112122,112124],{"className":46,"code":112123,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112125,112126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112127,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112129,153],{"class":67},[53,112131,156],{"class":71},[53,112133,464],{"class":75},[53,112135,156],{"class":71},[53,112137,81],{"class":67},[53,112139,165],{"class":71},[53,112141,637],{"class":75},[53,112143,156],{"class":71},[53,112145,81],{"class":67},[53,112147,165],{"class":71},[53,112149,646],{"class":75},[53,112151,156],{"class":71},[53,112153,81],{"class":67},[53,112155,165],{"class":71},[53,112157,666],{"class":75},[53,112159,156],{"class":71},[53,112161,101],{"class":67},[599,112163,112165],{"id":112164},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112167,112168],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[44,112170,112172],{"className":46,"code":112171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112173,112174,112199,112222,112226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112175,112176,112179,112181,112183,112185,112187,112189,112191,112193,112195,112197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112177,112178],{"class":59},"chars ",[53,112180,64],{"class":63},[53,112182,68],{"class":67},[53,112184,72],{"class":71},[53,112186,464],{"class":75},[53,112188,72],{"class":71},[53,112190,81],{"class":67},[53,112192,84],{"class":71},[53,112194,637],{"class":75},[53,112196,72],{"class":71},[53,112198,101],{"class":67},[53,112200,112201,112203,112205,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112202,1582],{"class":59},[53,112204,64],{"class":63},[53,112206,112207],{"class":59}," chars",[53,112209,37],{"class":67},[53,112211,110516],{"class":112},[53,112213,116],{"class":67},[53,112215,72],{"class":71},[53,112217,36400],{"class":75},[53,112219,72],{"class":71},[53,112221,125],{"class":67},[53,112223,112224],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112225,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112227,112228,112230,112232,112234],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112229,132],{"class":131},[53,112231,116],{"class":67},[53,112233,1617],{"class":112},[53,112235,125],{"class":67},[20,112237,143],{},[44,112239,112241],{"className":46,"code":112240,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112242,112243],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112244,112245,112247,112249,112251,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269,112271,112273,112275,112277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112246,153],{"class":67},[53,112248,156],{"class":71},[53,112250,464],{"class":75},[53,112252,156],{"class":71},[53,112254,81],{"class":67},[53,112256,165],{"class":71},[53,112258,637],{"class":75},[53,112260,156],{"class":71},[53,112262,81],{"class":67},[53,112264,165],{"class":71},[53,112266,646],{"class":75},[53,112268,156],{"class":71},[53,112270,81],{"class":67},[53,112272,165],{"class":71},[53,112274,62646],{"class":75},[53,112276,156],{"class":71},[53,112278,101],{"class":67},[20,112280,562,112281,112284],{},[15,112282,112283],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[193,112286,112287,112291,112295],{},[196,112288,112289],{},[15,112290,65840],{},[196,112292,112293],{},[15,112294,17454],{},[196,112296,112297],{},[15,112298,112299],{},"\"t\"",[39,112301,112303,9952,112305],{"id":112302},"union-vs-update",[15,112304,102147],{},[15,112306,14314],{},[20,112308,112309,594,112311,112313],{},[15,112310,102147],{},[15,112312,14314],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[599,112315,112316],{"id":110516},[15,112317,102147],{},[193,112319,112320,112322],{},[196,112321,109878],{},[196,112323,109887],{},[44,112325,112326],{"className":46,"code":111411,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112327,112328,112344,112360,112364,112382,112386,112398],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112329,112330,112332,112334,112336,112338,112340,112342],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112331,1908],{"class":59},[53,112333,64],{"class":63},[53,112335,68],{"class":67},[53,112337,274],{"class":273},[53,112339,81],{"class":67},[53,112341,279],{"class":273},[53,112343,101],{"class":67},[53,112345,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112347,1936],{"class":59},[53,112349,64],{"class":63},[53,112351,68],{"class":67},[53,112353,300],{"class":273},[53,112355,81],{"class":67},[53,112357,284],{"class":273},[53,112359,101],{"class":67},[53,112361,112362],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112363,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112365,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112367,1582],{"class":59},[53,112369,64],{"class":63},[53,112371,56245],{"class":59},[53,112373,37],{"class":67},[53,112375,110516],{"class":112},[53,112377,116],{"class":67},[53,112379,637],{"class":112},[53,112381,125],{"class":67},[53,112383,112384],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,112385,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112387,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,112389,132],{"class":131},[53,112391,116],{"class":67},[53,112393,1617],{"class":112},[53,112395,3021],{"class":67},[53,112397,111484],{"class":3024},[53,112399,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,112401,132],{"class":131},[53,112403,116],{"class":67},[53,112405,464],{"class":112},[53,112407,3021],{"class":67},[53,112409,111497],{"class":3024},[599,112411,112412],{"id":29817},[15,112413,14314],{},[193,112415,112416,112419],{},[196,112417,112418],{},"changes the existing set in place",[196,112420,112421],{},"does not create a separate result set",[44,112423,112425],{"className":46,"code":112424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112426,112427,112443,112459,112463,112477,112481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112428,112429,112431,112433,112435,112437,112439,112441],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112430,1908],{"class":59},[53,112432,64],{"class":63},[53,112434,68],{"class":67},[53,112436,274],{"class":273},[53,112438,81],{"class":67},[53,112440,279],{"class":273},[53,112442,101],{"class":67},[53,112444,112445,112447,112449,112451,112453,112455,112457],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112446,1936],{"class":59},[53,112448,64],{"class":63},[53,112450,68],{"class":67},[53,112452,300],{"class":273},[53,112454,81],{"class":67},[53,112456,284],{"class":273},[53,112458,101],{"class":67},[53,112460,112461],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112462,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112464,112465,112467,112469,112471,112473,112475],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112466,464],{"class":59},[53,112468,37],{"class":67},[53,112470,29817],{"class":112},[53,112472,116],{"class":67},[53,112474,637],{"class":112},[53,112476,125],{"class":67},[53,112478,112479],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,112480,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112482,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,112484,132],{"class":131},[53,112486,116],{"class":67},[53,112488,464],{"class":112},[53,112490,3021],{"class":67},[53,112492,111484],{"class":3024},[20,112494,174,112495,112497],{},[15,112496,102147],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112499,112500,112501,37],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[464,112502,2934,112503,830],{"href":97871},[15,112504,96669],{},[39,112506,834],{"id":833},[599,112508,838,112510,112512],{"id":112509},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112511,102147],{}," to change the original set",[20,112514,81186],{},[44,112516,112518],{"className":46,"code":112517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112519,112520,112536,112552,112556,112570],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112521,112522,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112523,1908],{"class":59},[53,112525,64],{"class":63},[53,112527,68],{"class":67},[53,112529,274],{"class":273},[53,112531,81],{"class":67},[53,112533,279],{"class":273},[53,112535,101],{"class":67},[53,112537,112538,112540,112542,112544,112546,112548,112550],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112539,1936],{"class":59},[53,112541,64],{"class":63},[53,112543,68],{"class":67},[53,112545,300],{"class":273},[53,112547,81],{"class":67},[53,112549,284],{"class":273},[53,112551,101],{"class":67},[53,112553,112554],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112555,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112557,112558,112560,112562,112564,112566,112568],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112559,464],{"class":59},[53,112561,37],{"class":67},[53,112563,110516],{"class":112},[53,112565,116],{"class":67},[53,112567,637],{"class":112},[53,112569,125],{"class":67},[53,112571,112572,112574,112576,112578],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,112573,132],{"class":131},[53,112575,116],{"class":67},[53,112577,464],{"class":112},[53,112579,125],{"class":67},[20,112581,772],{},[44,112583,112584],{"className":46,"code":99856,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,112585,112586],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112587,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112589,153],{"class":67},[53,112591,274],{"class":273},[53,112593,81],{"class":67},[53,112595,279],{"class":273},[53,112597,101],{"class":67},[20,112599,7863,112600,112602],{},[15,112601,102147],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112604,112605],{},"Fix it like this:",[44,112607,112609],{"className":46,"code":112608,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112610,112611,112627,112643,112647,112665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112612,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112614,1908],{"class":59},[53,112616,64],{"class":63},[53,112618,68],{"class":67},[53,112620,274],{"class":273},[53,112622,81],{"class":67},[53,112624,279],{"class":273},[53,112626,101],{"class":67},[53,112628,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112630,1936],{"class":59},[53,112632,64],{"class":63},[53,112634,68],{"class":67},[53,112636,300],{"class":273},[53,112638,81],{"class":67},[53,112640,284],{"class":273},[53,112642,101],{"class":67},[53,112644,112645],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112646,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112648,112649,112651,112653,112655,112657,112659,112661,112663],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112650,1908],{"class":59},[53,112652,64],{"class":63},[53,112654,56245],{"class":59},[53,112656,37],{"class":67},[53,112658,110516],{"class":112},[53,112660,116],{"class":67},[53,112662,637],{"class":112},[53,112664,125],{"class":67},[53,112666,112667,112669,112671,112673],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,112668,132],{"class":131},[53,112670,116],{"class":67},[53,112672,464],{"class":112},[53,112674,125],{"class":67},[599,112676,112678],{"id":112677},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,112680,112681],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[44,112683,112685],{"className":46,"code":112684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,112686,112687,112703,112719,112723],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112688,112689,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112690,1908],{"class":59},[53,112692,64],{"class":63},[53,112694,68],{"class":67},[53,112696,1412],{"class":273},[53,112698,81],{"class":67},[53,112700,4858],{"class":273},[53,112702,101],{"class":67},[53,112704,112705,112707,112709,112711,112713,112715,112717],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112706,1936],{"class":59},[53,112708,64],{"class":63},[53,112710,68],{"class":67},[53,112712,300],{"class":273},[53,112714,81],{"class":67},[53,112716,1811],{"class":273},[53,112718,101],{"class":67},[53,112720,112721],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112722,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,112724,112725,112727,112729,112731,112733,112735,112737,112739],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,112726,132],{"class":131},[53,112728,116],{"class":67},[53,112730,464],{"class":112},[53,112732,37],{"class":67},[53,112734,110516],{"class":112},[53,112736,116],{"class":67},[53,112738,637],{"class":112},[53,112740,1377],{"class":67},[20,112742,112743],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[599,112745,112747],{"id":112746},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[44,112749,112751],{"className":46,"code":112750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,112752,112753,112769,112791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112754,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112756,3431],{"class":59},[53,112758,64],{"class":63},[53,112760,68],{"class":67},[53,112762,72],{"class":71},[53,112764,57485],{"class":75},[53,112766,72],{"class":71},[53,112768,101],{"class":67},[53,112770,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783,112785,112787,112789],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112772,1582],{"class":59},[53,112774,64],{"class":63},[53,112776,5530],{"class":59},[53,112778,37],{"class":67},[53,112780,110516],{"class":112},[53,112782,116],{"class":67},[53,112784,72],{"class":71},[53,112786,36400],{"class":75},[53,112788,72],{"class":71},[53,112790,125],{"class":67},[53,112792,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112794,132],{"class":131},[53,112796,116],{"class":67},[53,112798,1617],{"class":112},[53,112800,125],{"class":67},[20,112802,112803,112804,1540,112806,16431,112808,112810,112811,112813],{},"This adds ",[15,112805,65840],{},[15,112807,17454],{},[15,112809,112299],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,112812,112283],{}," as one item.",[20,112815,112816],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[44,112818,112820],{"className":46,"code":112819,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112821,112822,112838,112860],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112823,112824,112826,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112825,3431],{"class":59},[53,112827,64],{"class":63},[53,112829,68],{"class":67},[53,112831,72],{"class":71},[53,112833,57485],{"class":75},[53,112835,72],{"class":71},[53,112837,101],{"class":67},[53,112839,112840,112842,112844,112846,112848,112850,112852,112854,112856,112858],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112841,1582],{"class":59},[53,112843,64],{"class":63},[53,112845,5530],{"class":59},[53,112847,37],{"class":67},[53,112849,110516],{"class":112},[53,112851,2341],{"class":67},[53,112853,72],{"class":71},[53,112855,36400],{"class":75},[53,112857,72],{"class":71},[53,112859,3248],{"class":67},[53,112861,112862,112864,112866,112868],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112863,132],{"class":131},[53,112865,116],{"class":67},[53,112867,1617],{"class":112},[53,112869,125],{"class":67},[599,112871,112873],{"id":112872},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,112875,2192],{},[44,112877,112879],{"className":46,"code":112878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,112880,112881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112882,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895,112897,112899,112901,112903,112905],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112884,14989],{"class":59},[53,112886,64],{"class":63},[53,112888,68],{"class":67},[53,112890,274],{"class":273},[53,112892,81],{"class":67},[53,112894,279],{"class":273},[53,112896,81],{"class":67},[53,112898,2982],{"class":67},[53,112900,1412],{"class":273},[53,112902,81],{"class":67},[53,112904,1811],{"class":273},[53,112906,13065],{"class":67},[20,112908,112909],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,112911,112912,112913,191],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,112914,102147],{},[44,112916,112918],{"className":46,"code":112917,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,112919,112920,112936,112958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,112921,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932,112934],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,112923,14989],{"class":59},[53,112925,64],{"class":63},[53,112927,68],{"class":67},[53,112929,274],{"class":273},[53,112931,81],{"class":67},[53,112933,279],{"class":273},[53,112935,101],{"class":67},[53,112937,112938,112940,112942,112944,112946,112948,112950,112952,112954,112956],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,112939,1582],{"class":59},[53,112941,64],{"class":63},[53,112943,96281],{"class":59},[53,112945,37],{"class":67},[53,112947,110516],{"class":112},[53,112949,2341],{"class":67},[53,112951,1412],{"class":273},[53,112953,81],{"class":67},[53,112955,1811],{"class":273},[53,112957,3248],{"class":67},[53,112959,112960,112962,112964,112966],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,112961,132],{"class":131},[53,112963,116],{"class":67},[53,112965,1617],{"class":112},[53,112967,125],{"class":67},[39,112969,112971],{"id":112970},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,112973,112974],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[193,112976,112977,112983,112990,112993],{},[196,112978,112979,112980,112982],{},"call ",[15,112981,102147],{}," without saving the returned set",[196,112984,112985,112986,1154,112988],{},"confuse ",[15,112987,102147],{},[15,112989,14314],{},[196,112991,112992],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[196,112994,112995],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,112997,112998,112999,594,113003,37],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[464,113000,2934,113001,830],{"href":102136},[15,113002,105916],{},[464,113004,2934,113006,830],{"href":113005},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113007,99768],{},[20,113009,61654],{},[44,113011,113013],{"className":46,"code":113012,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113014,113015,113025,113039,113049],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113016,113017,113019,113021,113023],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113018,132],{"class":131},[53,113020,116],{"class":67},[53,113022,227],{"class":112},[53,113024,125],{"class":67},[53,113026,113027,113029,113031,113033,113035,113037],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113028,132],{"class":131},[53,113030,116],{"class":67},[53,113032,2578],{"class":550},[53,113034,116],{"class":67},[53,113036,227],{"class":112},[53,113038,1377],{"class":67},[53,113040,113041,113043,113045,113047],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113042,132],{"class":131},[53,113044,116],{"class":67},[53,113046,1617],{"class":112},[53,113048,125],{"class":67},[53,113050,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113052,31506],{"class":131},[53,113054,116],{"class":67},[53,113056,5649],{"class":550},[53,113058,37],{"class":67},[53,113060,110516],{"class":24104},[53,113062,125],{"class":67},[39,113064,1187],{"id":1186},[599,113066,1191,113068,102087],{"id":113067},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113069,107386],{},[20,113071,102090],{},[599,113073,1234,113075,113077],{"id":113074},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113076,102147],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113079,113080],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[599,113082,27684,113084,113086],{"id":113083},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113085,102147],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113088,41507,113089,113091],{},[15,113090,102147],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[599,113093,113095],{"id":113094},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113097,113098],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[599,113100,4538,113102,594,113104,1222],{"id":113101},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113103,102147],{},[15,113105,113106],{},"|",[20,113108,113109,113110,113112,113113,113115],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113111,113106],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113114,102147],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[39,113117,1244],{"id":1243},[193,113119,113120,113124,113130,113136,113142],{},[196,113121,113122],{},[464,113123,95687],{"href":96853},[196,113125,113126],{},[464,113127,2934,113128,830],{"href":97871},[15,113129,96669],{},[196,113131,113132],{},[464,113133,2934,113134,830],{"href":102136},[15,113135,105916],{},[196,113137,113138],{},[464,113139,2934,113140,830],{"href":113005},[15,113141,99768],{},[196,113143,113144],{},[464,113145,1270],{"href":1172},[1276,113147,113148],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":113150},[113151,113152,113154,113155,113156,113157,113159,113165,113170,113177,113178,113189],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":111246,"depth":104,"text":113153},"What set.union() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":21324,"depth":104,"text":21325},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":111733,"depth":104,"text":113158},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":111891,"depth":104,"text":113160,"children":113161},"Using union() with other iterables",[113162,113163,113164],{"id":111902,"depth":128,"text":111903},{"id":112022,"depth":128,"text":112023},{"id":112164,"depth":128,"text":112165},{"id":112302,"depth":104,"text":113166,"children":113167},"union() vs update()",[113168,113169],{"id":110516,"depth":128,"text":102147},{"id":29817,"depth":128,"text":14314},{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":113171},[113172,113174,113175,113176],{"id":112509,"depth":128,"text":113173},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":112677,"depth":128,"text":112678},{"id":112746,"depth":128,"text":112747},{"id":112872,"depth":128,"text":112873},{"id":112970,"depth":104,"text":112971},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":113179},[113180,113182,113184,113186,113187],{"id":113067,"depth":128,"text":113181},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113074,"depth":128,"text":113183},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113083,"depth":128,"text":113185},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113094,"depth":128,"text":113095},{"id":113101,"depth":128,"text":113188},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111126,"description":113190},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113196,"title":113197,"body":113198,"description":115087,"extension":1312,"meta":115088,"navigation":383,"path":96171,"seo":115089,"stem":115090,"__hash__":115091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113199,"toc":115053},[113200,113205,113210,113218,113220,113278,113283,113288,113292,113304,113307,113381,113386,113388,113390,113409,113411,113428,113431,113458,113460,113530,113534,113536,113542,113544,113605,113610,113612,113669,113673,113678,113743,113745,113765,113772,113776,113781,113866,113869,113876,113979,113983,113988,114046,114049,114060,114074,114081,114139,114146,114149,114159,114163,114221,114225,114291,114294,114352,114359,114366,114369,114373,114382,114451,114455,114461,114549,114559,114563,114567,114571,114574,114635,114640,114697,114701,114703,114738,114745,114747,114801,114808,114812,114815,114880,114889,114895,114952,114954,114959,114963,114967,114970,114977,114985,114989,114994,114998,115004,115006,115041,115050],[10,113201,13,113203,18],{"id":113202},"python-set-update-method",[15,113204,14314],{},[20,113206,113207,113209],{},[15,113208,96669],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113211,113212,113213,113217],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[464,113214,113215],{"href":97852},[15,113216,95569],{},", which adds only one item.",[39,113219,2968],{"id":2967},[44,113221,113223],{"className":46,"code":113222,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113224,113225,113241,113263,113273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113226,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113228,266],{"class":59},[53,113230,64],{"class":63},[53,113232,68],{"class":67},[53,113234,274],{"class":273},[53,113236,81],{"class":67},[53,113238,279],{"class":273},[53,113240,101],{"class":67},[53,113242,113243,113245,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113244,291],{"class":59},[53,113246,37],{"class":67},[53,113248,29817],{"class":112},[53,113250,2341],{"class":67},[53,113252,300],{"class":273},[53,113254,81],{"class":67},[53,113256,284],{"class":273},[53,113258,81],{"class":67},[53,113260,1811],{"class":273},[53,113262,3248],{"class":67},[53,113264,113265,113267,113269,113271],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113266,132],{"class":131},[53,113268,116],{"class":67},[53,113270,291],{"class":112},[53,113272,125],{"class":67},[53,113274,113275],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113276,113277],{"class":3024},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113279,174,113280,113282],{},[15,113281,14314],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[39,113284,183,113286,186],{"id":113285},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113287,96669],{},[20,113289,113290,191],{},[15,113291,96669],{},[193,113293,113294,113297,113299,113302],{},[196,113295,113296],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[196,113298,201],{},[196,113300,113301],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[196,113303,204],{},[20,113305,113306],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[44,113308,113310],{"className":46,"code":113309,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113311,113312,113336,113362,113366,113376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113313,113314,113316,113318,113320,113322,113324,113326,113328,113330,113332,113334],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113315,60],{"class":59},[53,113317,64],{"class":63},[53,113319,68],{"class":67},[53,113321,72],{"class":71},[53,113323,76],{"class":75},[53,113325,72],{"class":71},[53,113327,81],{"class":67},[53,113329,84],{"class":71},[53,113331,87],{"class":75},[53,113333,72],{"class":71},[53,113335,101],{"class":67},[53,113337,113338,113340,113342,113344,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358,113360],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113339,107],{"class":59},[53,113341,37],{"class":67},[53,113343,29817],{"class":112},[53,113345,2341],{"class":67},[53,113347,72],{"class":71},[53,113349,87],{"class":75},[53,113351,72],{"class":71},[53,113353,81],{"class":67},[53,113355,84],{"class":71},[53,113357,96],{"class":75},[53,113359,72],{"class":71},[53,113361,3248],{"class":67},[53,113363,113364],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113365,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113367,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113369,132],{"class":131},[53,113371,116],{"class":67},[53,113373,107],{"class":112},[53,113375,125],{"class":67},[53,113377,113378],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113379,113380],{"class":3024},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113382,20334,113383,113385],{},[15,113384,110281],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[39,113387,217],{"id":216},[20,113389,6581],{},[44,113391,113393],{"className":46,"code":113392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113394,113395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113396,113397,113399,113401,113403,113405,113407],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113398,227],{"class":59},[53,113400,37],{"class":67},[53,113402,29817],{"class":112},[53,113404,116],{"class":67},[53,113406,3081],{"class":112},[53,113408,125],{"class":67},[20,113410,79562],{},[193,113412,113413,113416,113419,113422,113425],{},[196,113414,113415],{},"A list",[196,113417,113418],{},"A tuple",[196,113420,113421],{},"Another set",[196,113423,113424],{},"A string",[196,113426,113427],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113429,113430],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[44,113432,113434],{"className":46,"code":113433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113435,113436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113437,113438,113440,113442,113444,113446,113448,113450,113452,113454,113456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113439,227],{"class":59},[53,113441,37],{"class":67},[53,113443,29817],{"class":112},[53,113445,116],{"class":67},[53,113447,464],{"class":112},[53,113449,81],{"class":67},[53,113451,1913],{"class":112},[53,113453,81],{"class":67},[53,113455,9049],{"class":112},[53,113457,125],{"class":67},[20,113459,1559],{},[44,113461,113463],{"className":46,"code":113462,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113464,113465,113477,113511,113515,113525],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113466,113467,113469,113471,113473,113475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113468,3183],{"class":59},[53,113470,64],{"class":63},[53,113472,68],{"class":67},[53,113474,274],{"class":273},[53,113476,101],{"class":67},[53,113478,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487,113489,113491,113493,113495,113497,113499,113501,113503,113505,113507,113509],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113480,4718],{"class":59},[53,113482,37],{"class":67},[53,113484,29817],{"class":112},[53,113486,2341],{"class":67},[53,113488,300],{"class":273},[53,113490,81],{"class":67},[53,113492,284],{"class":273},[53,113494,17420],{"class":67},[53,113496,8605],{"class":67},[53,113498,1858],{"class":273},[53,113500,81],{"class":67},[53,113502,3963],{"class":273},[53,113504,8602],{"class":67},[53,113506,68],{"class":67},[53,113508,79953],{"class":273},[53,113510,29849],{"class":67},[53,113512,113513],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113514,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113516,113517,113519,113521,113523],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113518,132],{"class":131},[53,113520,116],{"class":67},[53,113522,4718],{"class":112},[53,113524,125],{"class":67},[53,113526,113527],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113528,113529],{"class":3024},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113531,95683,113532,37],{},[464,113533,467],{"href":466},[39,113535,21325],{"id":21324},[20,113537,113538,1751,113540,37],{},[15,113539,96669],{},[15,113541,849],{},[20,113543,11079],{},[44,113545,113547],{"className":46,"code":113546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113548,113549,113565,113587,113591,113601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113550,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113552,266],{"class":59},[53,113554,64],{"class":63},[53,113556,68],{"class":67},[53,113558,274],{"class":273},[53,113560,81],{"class":67},[53,113562,279],{"class":273},[53,113564,101],{"class":67},[53,113566,113567,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581,113583,113585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113568,1582],{"class":59},[53,113570,64],{"class":63},[53,113572,3622],{"class":59},[53,113574,37],{"class":67},[53,113576,29817],{"class":112},[53,113578,2341],{"class":67},[53,113580,1412],{"class":273},[53,113582,81],{"class":67},[53,113584,1811],{"class":273},[53,113586,3248],{"class":67},[53,113588,113589],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113590,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113592,113593,113595,113597,113599],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113594,132],{"class":131},[53,113596,116],{"class":67},[53,113598,1617],{"class":112},[53,113600,125],{"class":67},[53,113602,113603],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113604,61190],{"class":3024},[20,113606,113607,113608,37],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113609,1617],{},[20,113611,18325],{},[44,113613,113615],{"className":46,"code":113614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113616,113617,113633,113651,113655,113665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113618,113619,113621,113623,113625,113627,113629,113631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113620,266],{"class":59},[53,113622,64],{"class":63},[53,113624,68],{"class":67},[53,113626,274],{"class":273},[53,113628,81],{"class":67},[53,113630,279],{"class":273},[53,113632,101],{"class":67},[53,113634,113635,113637,113639,113641,113643,113645,113647,113649],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113636,291],{"class":59},[53,113638,37],{"class":67},[53,113640,29817],{"class":112},[53,113642,2341],{"class":67},[53,113644,1412],{"class":273},[53,113646,81],{"class":67},[53,113648,1811],{"class":273},[53,113650,3248],{"class":67},[53,113652,113653],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113654,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113656,113657,113659,113661,113663],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113658,132],{"class":131},[53,113660,116],{"class":67},[53,113662,291],{"class":112},[53,113664,125],{"class":67},[53,113666,113667],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113668,113277],{"class":3024},[39,113670,113672],{"id":113671},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,113674,113675,113676,37],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,113677,14314],{},[44,113679,113681],{"className":46,"code":113680,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113682,113683,113699,113725,113729,113739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113684,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113686,266],{"class":59},[53,113688,64],{"class":63},[53,113690,68],{"class":67},[53,113692,274],{"class":273},[53,113694,81],{"class":67},[53,113696,279],{"class":273},[53,113698,101],{"class":67},[53,113700,113701,113703,113705,113707,113709,113711,113713,113715,113717,113719,113721,113723],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113702,291],{"class":59},[53,113704,37],{"class":67},[53,113706,29817],{"class":112},[53,113708,2341],{"class":67},[53,113710,300],{"class":273},[53,113712,81],{"class":67},[53,113714,284],{"class":273},[53,113716,81],{"class":67},[53,113718,1811],{"class":273},[53,113720,81],{"class":67},[53,113722,1811],{"class":273},[53,113724,3248],{"class":67},[53,113726,113727],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113728,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113730,113731,113733,113735,113737],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113732,132],{"class":131},[53,113734,116],{"class":67},[53,113736,291],{"class":112},[53,113738,125],{"class":67},[53,113740,113741],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113742,113277],{"class":3024},[20,113744,11048],{},[193,113746,113747,113752,113759],{},[196,113748,113749,113751],{},[15,113750,300],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[196,113753,113754,594,113756,113758],{},[15,113755,1412],{},[15,113757,1858],{}," are added",[196,113760,113761,113762,113764],{},"The second ",[15,113763,1858],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,113766,113767,113768,113771],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[464,113769,113770],{"href":1172},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[39,113773,113775],{"id":113774},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,113777,7127,113778,113780],{},[15,113779,14314],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[44,113782,113784],{"className":46,"code":113783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,113785,113786,113807,113828,113832,113848,113852,113862],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113787,113788,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801,113803,113805],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113789,113790],{"class":59},"set_a ",[53,113792,64],{"class":63},[53,113794,68],{"class":67},[53,113796,274],{"class":273},[53,113798,81],{"class":67},[53,113800,279],{"class":273},[53,113802,81],{"class":67},[53,113804,284],{"class":273},[53,113806,101],{"class":67},[53,113808,113809,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820,113822,113824,113826],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113810,113811],{"class":59},"set_b ",[53,113813,64],{"class":63},[53,113815,68],{"class":67},[53,113817,1412],{"class":273},[53,113819,81],{"class":67},[53,113821,1811],{"class":273},[53,113823,81],{"class":67},[53,113825,3963],{"class":273},[53,113827,101],{"class":67},[53,113829,113830],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113831,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113833,113834,113837,113839,113841,113843,113846],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113835,113836],{"class":59},"set_a",[53,113838,37],{"class":67},[53,113840,29817],{"class":112},[53,113842,116],{"class":67},[53,113844,113845],{"class":112},"set_b",[53,113847,125],{"class":67},[53,113849,113850],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113851,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113853,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,113855,132],{"class":131},[53,113857,116],{"class":67},[53,113859,113836],{"class":112},[53,113861,125],{"class":67},[53,113863,113864],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,113865,111238],{"class":3024},[20,113867,113868],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,113870,113871,113872,37],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[464,113873,113874],{"href":102144},[15,113875,107386],{},[44,113877,113879],{"className":46,"code":113878,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113880,113881,113901,113921,113925,113945,113949,113960,113964,113974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113882,113883,113885,113887,113889,113891,113893,113895,113897,113899],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113884,113790],{"class":59},[53,113886,64],{"class":63},[53,113888,68],{"class":67},[53,113890,274],{"class":273},[53,113892,81],{"class":67},[53,113894,279],{"class":273},[53,113896,81],{"class":67},[53,113898,284],{"class":273},[53,113900,101],{"class":67},[53,113902,113903,113905,113907,113909,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,113904,113811],{"class":59},[53,113906,64],{"class":63},[53,113908,68],{"class":67},[53,113910,1412],{"class":273},[53,113912,81],{"class":67},[53,113914,1811],{"class":273},[53,113916,81],{"class":67},[53,113918,3963],{"class":273},[53,113920,101],{"class":67},[53,113922,113923],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,113924,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113926,113927,113930,113932,113935,113937,113939,113941,113943],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,113928,113929],{"class":59},"combined ",[53,113931,64],{"class":63},[53,113933,113934],{"class":59}," set_a",[53,113936,37],{"class":67},[53,113938,110516],{"class":112},[53,113940,116],{"class":67},[53,113942,113845],{"class":112},[53,113944,125],{"class":67},[53,113946,113947],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,113948,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,113950,113951,113953,113955,113958],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,113952,132],{"class":131},[53,113954,116],{"class":67},[53,113956,113957],{"class":112},"combined",[53,113959,125],{"class":67},[53,113961,113962],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,113963,111238],{"class":3024},[53,113965,113966,113968,113970,113972],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,113967,132],{"class":131},[53,113969,116],{"class":67},[53,113971,113836],{"class":112},[53,113973,125],{"class":67},[53,113975,113976],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,113977,113978],{"class":3024},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[39,113980,113982],{"id":113981},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,113984,64099,113985,113987],{},[15,113986,14314],{}," adds each character separately.",[44,113989,113991],{"className":46,"code":113990,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,113992,113993,114009,114027,114031,114041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,113994,113995,113997,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,113996,620],{"class":59},[53,113998,64],{"class":63},[53,114000,68],{"class":67},[53,114002,72],{"class":71},[53,114004,1524],{"class":75},[53,114006,72],{"class":71},[53,114008,101],{"class":67},[53,114010,114011,114013,114015,114017,114019,114021,114023,114025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114012,655],{"class":59},[53,114014,37],{"class":67},[53,114016,29817],{"class":112},[53,114018,116],{"class":67},[53,114020,72],{"class":71},[53,114022,36400],{"class":75},[53,114024,72],{"class":71},[53,114026,125],{"class":67},[53,114028,114029],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114030,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114032,114033,114035,114037,114039],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114034,132],{"class":131},[53,114036,116],{"class":67},[53,114038,655],{"class":112},[53,114040,125],{"class":67},[53,114042,114043],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114044,114045],{"class":3024},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114047,114048],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114050,114051,13413,114054,114056,114057,114059],{},[15,114052,114053],{},"update(\"cat\")",[30,114055,461],{}," add ",[15,114058,112283],{}," as one item. It adds:",[193,114061,114062,114066,114070],{},[196,114063,114064],{},[15,114065,65840],{},[196,114067,114068],{},[15,114069,17454],{},[196,114071,114072],{},[15,114073,112299],{},[20,114075,114076,114077,191],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[464,114078,114079],{"href":97852},[15,114080,95569],{},[44,114082,114084],{"className":46,"code":114083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114085,114086,114102,114120,114124,114134],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114087,114088,114090,114092,114094,114096,114098,114100],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114089,3431],{"class":59},[53,114091,64],{"class":63},[53,114093,68],{"class":67},[53,114095,72],{"class":71},[53,114097,57485],{"class":75},[53,114099,72],{"class":71},[53,114101,101],{"class":67},[53,114103,114104,114106,114108,114110,114112,114114,114116,114118],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114105,3473],{"class":59},[53,114107,37],{"class":67},[53,114109,81465],{"class":112},[53,114111,116],{"class":67},[53,114113,72],{"class":71},[53,114115,36400],{"class":75},[53,114117,72],{"class":71},[53,114119,125],{"class":67},[53,114121,114122],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114123,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114125,114126,114128,114130,114132],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114127,132],{"class":131},[53,114129,116],{"class":67},[53,114131,3473],{"class":112},[53,114133,125],{"class":67},[53,114135,114136],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114137,114138],{"class":3024},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[39,114140,114142,9952,114144],{"id":114141},"update-vs-add",[15,114143,14314],{},[15,114145,95564],{},[20,114147,114148],{},"The difference is simple:",[193,114150,114151,114155],{},[196,114152,114153,96160],{},[15,114154,95564],{},[196,114156,114157,96165],{},[15,114158,14314],{},[20,114160,45397,114161,191],{},[15,114162,95564],{},[44,114164,114166],{"className":46,"code":114165,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114167,114168,114184,114202,114206,114216],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114169,114170,114172,114174,114176,114178,114180,114182],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114171,347],{"class":59},[53,114173,64],{"class":63},[53,114175,68],{"class":67},[53,114177,72],{"class":71},[53,114179,356],{"class":75},[53,114181,72],{"class":71},[53,114183,101],{"class":67},[53,114185,114186,114188,114190,114192,114194,114196,114198,114200],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114187,389],{"class":59},[53,114189,37],{"class":67},[53,114191,81465],{"class":112},[53,114193,116],{"class":67},[53,114195,72],{"class":71},[53,114197,365],{"class":75},[53,114199,72],{"class":71},[53,114201,125],{"class":67},[53,114203,114204],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114205,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114207,114208,114210,114212,114214],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114209,132],{"class":131},[53,114211,116],{"class":67},[53,114213,389],{"class":112},[53,114215,125],{"class":67},[53,114217,114218],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114219,114220],{"class":3024},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114222,45397,114223,191],{},[15,114224,14314],{},[44,114226,114228],{"className":46,"code":114227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114229,114230,114246,114272,114276,114286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114231,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114233,347],{"class":59},[53,114235,64],{"class":63},[53,114237,68],{"class":67},[53,114239,72],{"class":71},[53,114241,356],{"class":75},[53,114243,72],{"class":71},[53,114245,101],{"class":67},[53,114247,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264,114266,114268,114270],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114249,389],{"class":59},[53,114251,37],{"class":67},[53,114253,29817],{"class":112},[53,114255,2341],{"class":67},[53,114257,72],{"class":71},[53,114259,365],{"class":75},[53,114261,72],{"class":71},[53,114263,81],{"class":67},[53,114265,84],{"class":71},[53,114267,374],{"class":75},[53,114269,72],{"class":71},[53,114271,3248],{"class":67},[53,114273,114274],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114275,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114277,114278,114280,114282,114284],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114279,132],{"class":131},[53,114281,116],{"class":67},[53,114283,389],{"class":112},[53,114285,125],{"class":67},[53,114287,114288],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114289,114290],{"class":3024},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114292,114293],{},"Important warning with strings:",[44,114295,114297],{"className":46,"code":114296,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114298,114299,114315,114333,114337,114347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114300,114301,114303,114305,114307,114309,114311,114313],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114302,347],{"class":59},[53,114304,64],{"class":63},[53,114306,68],{"class":67},[53,114308,72],{"class":71},[53,114310,356],{"class":75},[53,114312,72],{"class":71},[53,114314,101],{"class":67},[53,114316,114317,114319,114321,114323,114325,114327,114329,114331],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114318,389],{"class":59},[53,114320,37],{"class":67},[53,114322,29817],{"class":112},[53,114324,116],{"class":67},[53,114326,72],{"class":71},[53,114328,37694],{"class":75},[53,114330,72],{"class":71},[53,114332,125],{"class":67},[53,114334,114335],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114336,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114338,114339,114341,114343,114345],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114340,132],{"class":131},[53,114342,116],{"class":67},[53,114344,389],{"class":112},[53,114346,125],{"class":67},[53,114348,114349],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114350,114351],{"class":3024},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114353,61465,114354,61538,114357,5994],{},[15,114355,114356],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114358,95564],{},[39,114360,114362,9952,114364],{"id":114361},"update-vs-union",[15,114363,14314],{},[15,114365,102147],{},[20,114367,114368],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[599,114370,114371],{"id":29817},[15,114372,14314],{},[193,114374,114375,114378],{},[196,114376,114377],{},"Changes the existing set",[196,114379,10789,114380],{},[15,114381,849],{},[44,114383,114385],{"className":46,"code":114384,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114386,114387,114403,114419,114423,114437,114447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114388,114389,114391,114393,114395,114397,114399,114401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114390,1908],{"class":59},[53,114392,64],{"class":63},[53,114394,68],{"class":67},[53,114396,274],{"class":273},[53,114398,81],{"class":67},[53,114400,279],{"class":273},[53,114402,101],{"class":67},[53,114404,114405,114407,114409,114411,114413,114415,114417],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114406,1936],{"class":59},[53,114408,64],{"class":63},[53,114410,68],{"class":67},[53,114412,300],{"class":273},[53,114414,81],{"class":67},[53,114416,284],{"class":273},[53,114418,101],{"class":67},[53,114420,114421],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114422,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114424,114425,114427,114429,114431,114433,114435],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114426,464],{"class":59},[53,114428,37],{"class":67},[53,114430,29817],{"class":112},[53,114432,116],{"class":67},[53,114434,637],{"class":112},[53,114436,125],{"class":67},[53,114438,114439,114441,114443,114445],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114440,132],{"class":131},[53,114442,116],{"class":67},[53,114444,464],{"class":112},[53,114446,125],{"class":67},[53,114448,114449],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,114450,113978],{"class":3024},[599,114452,114453],{"id":110516},[15,114454,102147],{},[193,114456,114457,114459],{},[196,114458,100685],{},[196,114460,100688],{},[44,114462,114464],{"className":46,"code":114463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114465,114466,114482,114498,114502,114520,114530,114534,114544],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114467,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114469,1908],{"class":59},[53,114471,64],{"class":63},[53,114473,68],{"class":67},[53,114475,274],{"class":273},[53,114477,81],{"class":67},[53,114479,279],{"class":273},[53,114481,101],{"class":67},[53,114483,114484,114486,114488,114490,114492,114494,114496],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114485,1936],{"class":59},[53,114487,64],{"class":63},[53,114489,68],{"class":67},[53,114491,300],{"class":273},[53,114493,81],{"class":67},[53,114495,284],{"class":273},[53,114497,101],{"class":67},[53,114499,114500],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114501,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114503,114504,114506,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114505,82545],{"class":59},[53,114507,64],{"class":63},[53,114509,56245],{"class":59},[53,114511,37],{"class":67},[53,114513,110516],{"class":112},[53,114515,116],{"class":67},[53,114517,637],{"class":112},[53,114519,125],{"class":67},[53,114521,114522,114524,114526,114528],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114523,132],{"class":131},[53,114525,116],{"class":67},[53,114527,646],{"class":112},[53,114529,125],{"class":67},[53,114531,114532],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,114533,113978],{"class":3024},[53,114535,114536,114538,114540,114542],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,114537,132],{"class":131},[53,114539,116],{"class":67},[53,114541,464],{"class":112},[53,114543,125],{"class":67},[53,114545,114546],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,114547,114548],{"class":3024},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114550,107028,114551,114553,114554,114558],{},[15,114552,14314],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[464,114555,114556],{"href":102144},[15,114557,102147],{}," when you want a new set.",[39,114560,114562],{"id":114561},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114564,10114,114565,37],{},[15,114566,96669],{},[599,114568,114570],{"id":114569},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114572,114573],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[44,114575,114577],{"className":46,"code":114576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114578,114579,114595,114617,114621,114631],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114580,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589,114591,114593],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114582,14989],{"class":59},[53,114584,64],{"class":63},[53,114586,68],{"class":67},[53,114588,274],{"class":273},[53,114590,81],{"class":67},[53,114592,279],{"class":273},[53,114594,101],{"class":67},[53,114596,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114598,1582],{"class":59},[53,114600,64],{"class":63},[53,114602,96281],{"class":59},[53,114604,37],{"class":67},[53,114606,29817],{"class":112},[53,114608,2341],{"class":67},[53,114610,1412],{"class":273},[53,114612,81],{"class":67},[53,114614,1811],{"class":273},[53,114616,3248],{"class":67},[53,114618,114619],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114620,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114622,114623,114625,114627,114629],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114624,132],{"class":131},[53,114626,116],{"class":67},[53,114628,1617],{"class":112},[53,114630,125],{"class":67},[53,114632,114633],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114634,61190],{"class":3024},[20,114636,114637,114638,191],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114639,14314],{},[44,114641,114643],{"className":46,"code":114642,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114644,114645,114661,114679,114683,114693],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114646,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655,114657,114659],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114648,14989],{"class":59},[53,114650,64],{"class":63},[53,114652,68],{"class":67},[53,114654,274],{"class":273},[53,114656,81],{"class":67},[53,114658,279],{"class":273},[53,114660,101],{"class":67},[53,114662,114663,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114664,227],{"class":59},[53,114666,37],{"class":67},[53,114668,29817],{"class":112},[53,114670,2341],{"class":67},[53,114672,1412],{"class":273},[53,114674,81],{"class":67},[53,114676,1811],{"class":273},[53,114678,3248],{"class":67},[53,114680,114681],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114682,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114684,114685,114687,114689,114691],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114686,132],{"class":131},[53,114688,116],{"class":67},[53,114690,227],{"class":112},[53,114692,125],{"class":67},[53,114694,114695],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114696,113277],{"class":3024},[599,114698,114700],{"id":114699},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,114702,2192],{},[44,114704,114706],{"className":46,"code":114705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,114707,114708,114724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114709,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114711,14989],{"class":59},[53,114713,64],{"class":63},[53,114715,68],{"class":67},[53,114717,274],{"class":273},[53,114719,81],{"class":67},[53,114721,279],{"class":273},[53,114723,101],{"class":67},[53,114725,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734,114736],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114727,227],{"class":59},[53,114729,37],{"class":67},[53,114731,29817],{"class":112},[53,114733,116],{"class":67},[53,114735,1487],{"class":273},[53,114737,125],{"class":67},[20,114739,61644,114740,7969,114742,114744],{},[15,114741,2360],{},[15,114743,1487],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,114746,5917],{},[44,114748,114750],{"className":46,"code":114749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,114751,114752,114768,114782,114786,114796],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114753,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114755,14989],{"class":59},[53,114757,64],{"class":63},[53,114759,68],{"class":67},[53,114761,274],{"class":273},[53,114763,81],{"class":67},[53,114765,279],{"class":273},[53,114767,101],{"class":67},[53,114769,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114771,227],{"class":59},[53,114773,37],{"class":67},[53,114775,29817],{"class":112},[53,114777,2341],{"class":67},[53,114779,1487],{"class":273},[53,114781,3248],{"class":67},[53,114783,114784],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114785,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114787,114788,114790,114792,114794],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114789,132],{"class":131},[53,114791,116],{"class":67},[53,114793,227],{"class":112},[53,114795,125],{"class":67},[53,114797,114798],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114799,114800],{"class":3024},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,114802,45270,114803,37],{},[464,114804,25034,114805],{"href":51958},[15,114806,114807],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[599,114809,114811],{"id":114810},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,114813,114814],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[44,114816,114818],{"className":46,"code":114817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114819,114820,114836,114862,114866,114876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114821,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114823,14989],{"class":59},[53,114825,64],{"class":63},[53,114827,68],{"class":67},[53,114829,274],{"class":273},[53,114831,81],{"class":67},[53,114833,279],{"class":273},[53,114835,101],{"class":67},[53,114837,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114839,227],{"class":59},[53,114841,37],{"class":67},[53,114843,29817],{"class":112},[53,114845,2341],{"class":67},[53,114847,300],{"class":273},[53,114849,81],{"class":67},[53,114851,279],{"class":273},[53,114853,81],{"class":67},[53,114855,279],{"class":273},[53,114857,81],{"class":67},[53,114859,284],{"class":273},[53,114861,3248],{"class":67},[53,114863,114864],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114865,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114867,114868,114870,114872,114874],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114869,132],{"class":131},[53,114871,116],{"class":67},[53,114873,227],{"class":112},[53,114875,125],{"class":67},[53,114877,114878],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114879,113978],{"class":3024},[599,114881,114883,114884,43986,114886,114888],{"id":114882},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,114885,14314],{},[15,114887,95564],{}," is better",[20,114890,114891,114892,114894],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,114893,95564],{}," is usually the better choice.",[44,114896,114898],{"className":46,"code":114897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114899,114900,114916,114934,114938,114948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,114901,114902,114904,114906,114908,114910,114912,114914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,114903,14989],{"class":59},[53,114905,64],{"class":63},[53,114907,68],{"class":67},[53,114909,72],{"class":71},[53,114911,57485],{"class":75},[53,114913,72],{"class":71},[53,114915,101],{"class":67},[53,114917,114918,114920,114922,114924,114926,114928,114930,114932],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,114919,227],{"class":59},[53,114921,37],{"class":67},[53,114923,81465],{"class":112},[53,114925,116],{"class":67},[53,114927,72],{"class":71},[53,114929,36400],{"class":75},[53,114931,72],{"class":71},[53,114933,125],{"class":67},[53,114935,114936],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,114937,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,114939,114940,114942,114944,114946],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,114941,132],{"class":131},[53,114943,116],{"class":67},[53,114945,227],{"class":112},[53,114947,125],{"class":67},[53,114949,114950],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,114951,114138],{"class":3024},[39,114953,1187],{"id":1186},[599,114955,1191,114957,1194],{"id":114956},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,114958,96669],{},[20,114960,96651,114961,37],{},[15,114962,849],{},[599,114964,27684,114965,31580],{"id":31577},[15,114966,14314],{},[20,114968,114969],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[599,114971,4538,114973,594,114975,1222],{"id":114972},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,114974,95564],{},[15,114976,14314],{},[20,114978,114979,114981,114982,114984],{},[15,114980,95564],{}," adds one item. ",[15,114983,14314],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[599,114986,114988],{"id":114987},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,114990,114991,114992,113987],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,114993,14314],{},[599,114995,114997],{"id":114996},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,114999,174,115000,10458,115002,37],{},[15,115001,102147],{},[15,115003,14314],{},[39,115005,1244],{"id":1243},[193,115007,115008,115015,115022,115028,115034],{},[196,115009,115010],{},[464,115011,115012],{"href":97852},[15,115013,115014],{},"Python set add() method",[196,115016,115017],{},[464,115018,115019],{"href":102144},[15,115020,115021],{},"Python set union() method",[196,115023,115024],{},[464,115025,115026],{"href":466},[15,115027,1265],{},[196,115029,115030],{},[464,115031,115032],{"href":1172},[15,115033,1270],{},[196,115035,115036],{},[464,115037,115038,115040],{"href":51958},[15,115039,114807],{}," fix",[20,115042,115043,115044,115046,115047,115049],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115045,95569],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115048,107386],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1276,115051,115052],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":115054},[115055,115056,115058,115059,115060,115061,115062,115063,115065,115070,115077,115086],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":113285,"depth":104,"text":115057},"What set.update() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":21324,"depth":104,"text":21325},{"id":113671,"depth":104,"text":113672},{"id":113774,"depth":104,"text":113775},{"id":113981,"depth":104,"text":113982},{"id":114141,"depth":104,"text":115064},"update() vs add()",{"id":114361,"depth":104,"text":115066,"children":115067},"update() vs union()",[115068,115069],{"id":29817,"depth":128,"text":14314},{"id":110516,"depth":128,"text":102147},{"id":114561,"depth":104,"text":114562,"children":115071},[115072,115073,115074,115075],{"id":114569,"depth":128,"text":114570},{"id":114699,"depth":128,"text":114700},{"id":114810,"depth":128,"text":114811},{"id":114882,"depth":128,"text":115076},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":115078},[115079,115081,115082,115084,115085],{"id":114956,"depth":128,"text":115080},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31577,"depth":128,"text":31650},{"id":114972,"depth":128,"text":115083},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":114987,"depth":128,"text":114988},{"id":114996,"depth":128,"text":114997},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113197,"description":115087},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115093,"title":115094,"body":115095,"description":116861,"extension":1312,"meta":116862,"navigation":383,"path":13149,"seo":116863,"stem":116864,"__hash__":116865},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115096,"toc":116836},[115097,115100,115103,115106,115117,115125,115128,115130,115279,115291,115295,115312,115316,115324,115326,115337,115339,115436,115442,115445,115541,115550,115555,115559,115564,115566,115576,115578,115687,115695,115699,115702,115705,115722,115728,115808,115811,115815,115818,115822,115825,115884,115887,115891,115894,115986,115990,115993,116100,116104,116110,116138,116140,116222,116232,116236,116239,116250,116253,116338,116341,116346,116350,116353,116364,116367,116509,116512,116516,116519,116533,116536,116597,116603,116605,116608,116630,116633,116733,116736,116768,116770,116774,116777,116779,116782,116786,116789,116793,116796,116800,116803,116805,116833],[10,115098,115094],{"id":115099},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115101,115102],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115104,115105],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[193,115107,115108,115111,115114],{},[196,115109,115110],{},"a list inside another list",[196,115112,115113],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[196,115115,115116],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115118,99616,115119,594,115121,115124],{},[30,115120,12214],{},[30,115122,115123],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115126,115127],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[39,115129,42],{"id":41},[44,115131,115133],{"className":46,"code":115132,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115134,115135,115142,115146,115172,115192,115212,115216,115234,115238,115251,115265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115136,115137,115139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115138,34445],{"class":1105},[53,115140,115141],{"class":59}," copy\n",[53,115143,115144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115145,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115147,115148,115150,115152,115154,115156,115158,115160,115162,115164,115166,115168,115170],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115149,11450],{"class":59},[53,115151,64],{"class":63},[53,115153,55651],{"class":67},[53,115155,274],{"class":273},[53,115157,81],{"class":67},[53,115159,279],{"class":273},[53,115161,17420],{"class":67},[53,115163,2982],{"class":67},[53,115165,1412],{"class":273},[53,115167,81],{"class":67},[53,115169,1811],{"class":273},[53,115171,52601],{"class":67},[53,115173,115174,115177,115179,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115175,115176],{"class":59},"shallow ",[53,115178,64],{"class":63},[53,115180,115181],{"class":59}," copy",[53,115183,37],{"class":67},[53,115185,12275],{"class":112},[53,115187,116],{"class":67},[53,115189,11497],{"class":112},[53,115191,125],{"class":67},[53,115193,115194,115197,115199,115201,115203,115206,115208,115210],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,115195,115196],{"class":59},"deep ",[53,115198,64],{"class":63},[53,115200,115181],{"class":59},[53,115202,37],{"class":67},[53,115204,115205],{"class":112},"deepcopy",[53,115207,116],{"class":67},[53,115209,11497],{"class":112},[53,115211,125],{"class":67},[53,115213,115214],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,115215,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115217,115218,115220,115222,115224,115226,115228,115230,115232],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,115219,11497],{"class":59},[53,115221,3260],{"class":67},[53,115223,1470],{"class":273},[53,115225,12909],{"class":67},[53,115227,12912],{"class":112},[53,115229,116],{"class":67},[53,115231,55704],{"class":273},[53,115233,125],{"class":67},[53,115235,115236],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,115237,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115239,115240,115242,115244,115246,115248],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,115241,132],{"class":131},[53,115243,116],{"class":67},[53,115245,11497],{"class":112},[53,115247,3021],{"class":67},[53,115249,115250],{"class":3024},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115252,115253,115255,115257,115260,115262],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,115254,132],{"class":131},[53,115256,116],{"class":67},[53,115258,115259],{"class":112},"shallow",[53,115261,3021],{"class":67},[53,115263,115264],{"class":3024},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115266,115267,115269,115271,115274,115276],{"class":55,"line":10959},[53,115268,132],{"class":131},[53,115270,116],{"class":67},[53,115272,115273],{"class":112},"deep",[53,115275,3021],{"class":67},[53,115277,115278],{"class":3024},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115280,174,115281,115284,115285,594,115287,115290],{},[15,115282,115283],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[30,115286,12214],{},[15,115288,115289],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[39,115292,115294],{"id":115293},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[193,115296,115297,115300,115303,115306,115309],{},[196,115298,115299],{},"What a copy means in Python",[196,115301,115302],{},"How shallow copy works",[196,115304,115305],{},"How deep copy works",[196,115307,115308],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[196,115310,115311],{},"When to use each approach",[39,115313,115315],{"id":115314},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115317,14549,115318,115320,115321,115323],{},[30,115319,12214],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[30,115322,461],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115325,1457],{},[193,115327,115328,115331,115334],{},[196,115329,115330],{},"the outer container is new",[196,115332,115333],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[196,115335,115336],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115338,1559],{},[44,115340,115342],{"className":46,"code":115341,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115343,115344,115370,115384,115388,115406,115410,115423],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115345,115346,115348,115350,115352,115354,115356,115358,115360,115362,115364,115366,115368],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115347,11450],{"class":59},[53,115349,64],{"class":63},[53,115351,55651],{"class":67},[53,115353,274],{"class":273},[53,115355,81],{"class":67},[53,115357,279],{"class":273},[53,115359,17420],{"class":67},[53,115361,2982],{"class":67},[53,115363,1412],{"class":273},[53,115365,81],{"class":67},[53,115367,1811],{"class":273},[53,115369,52601],{"class":67},[53,115371,115372,115374,115376,115378,115380,115382],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115373,13671],{"class":59},[53,115375,64],{"class":63},[53,115377,11525],{"class":59},[53,115379,37],{"class":67},[53,115381,12275],{"class":112},[53,115383,8011],{"class":67},[53,115385,115386],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115387,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115389,115390,115392,115394,115396,115398,115400,115402,115404],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115391,13690],{"class":59},[53,115393,37],{"class":67},[53,115395,12912],{"class":112},[53,115397,2341],{"class":67},[53,115399,1487],{"class":273},[53,115401,81],{"class":67},[53,115403,36996],{"class":273},[53,115405,3248],{"class":67},[53,115407,115408],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,115409,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115411,115412,115414,115416,115418,115420],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,115413,132],{"class":131},[53,115415,116],{"class":67},[53,115417,11497],{"class":112},[53,115419,3021],{"class":67},[53,115421,115422],{"class":3024},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[53,115424,115425,115427,115429,115431,115433],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,115426,132],{"class":131},[53,115428,116],{"class":67},[53,115430,13690],{"class":112},[53,115432,3021],{"class":67},[53,115434,115435],{"class":3024},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115437,115438,115439,115441],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115440,13690],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115443,115444],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[44,115446,115448],{"className":46,"code":115447,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115449,115450,115476,115490,115494,115512,115516,115528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115451,115452,115454,115456,115458,115460,115462,115464,115466,115468,115470,115472,115474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115453,11450],{"class":59},[53,115455,64],{"class":63},[53,115457,55651],{"class":67},[53,115459,274],{"class":273},[53,115461,81],{"class":67},[53,115463,279],{"class":273},[53,115465,17420],{"class":67},[53,115467,2982],{"class":67},[53,115469,1412],{"class":273},[53,115471,81],{"class":67},[53,115473,1811],{"class":273},[53,115475,52601],{"class":67},[53,115477,115478,115480,115482,115484,115486,115488],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115479,13671],{"class":59},[53,115481,64],{"class":63},[53,115483,11525],{"class":59},[53,115485,37],{"class":67},[53,115487,12275],{"class":112},[53,115489,8011],{"class":67},[53,115491,115492],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115493,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115495,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115497,13690],{"class":59},[53,115499,3260],{"class":67},[53,115501,1470],{"class":273},[53,115503,12909],{"class":67},[53,115505,12912],{"class":112},[53,115507,116],{"class":67},[53,115509,55704],{"class":273},[53,115511,125],{"class":67},[53,115513,115514],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,115515,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115517,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,115519,132],{"class":131},[53,115521,116],{"class":67},[53,115523,11497],{"class":112},[53,115525,3021],{"class":67},[53,115527,115250],{"class":3024},[53,115529,115530,115532,115534,115536,115538],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,115531,132],{"class":131},[53,115533,116],{"class":67},[53,115535,13690],{"class":112},[53,115537,3021],{"class":67},[53,115539,115540],{"class":3024},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115542,115543,115544,594,115546,115549],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115545,55808],{},[15,115547,115548],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115551,115552,115553,37],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[464,115554,43292],{"href":11429},[39,115556,115558],{"id":115557},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115560,14549,115561,115563],{},[30,115562,115123],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115565,1457],{},[193,115567,115568,115570,115573],{},[196,115569,115330],{},[196,115571,115572],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[196,115574,115575],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115577,1559],{},[44,115579,115581],{"className":46,"code":115580,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115582,115583,115589,115593,115619,115637,115641,115659,115663,115675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115584,115585,115587],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115586,34445],{"class":1105},[53,115588,115141],{"class":59},[53,115590,115591],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115592,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115594,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603,115605,115607,115609,115611,115613,115615,115617],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115596,11450],{"class":59},[53,115598,64],{"class":63},[53,115600,55651],{"class":67},[53,115602,274],{"class":273},[53,115604,81],{"class":67},[53,115606,279],{"class":273},[53,115608,17420],{"class":67},[53,115610,2982],{"class":67},[53,115612,1412],{"class":273},[53,115614,81],{"class":67},[53,115616,1811],{"class":273},[53,115618,52601],{"class":67},[53,115620,115621,115623,115625,115627,115629,115631,115633,115635],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115622,13671],{"class":59},[53,115624,64],{"class":63},[53,115626,115181],{"class":59},[53,115628,37],{"class":67},[53,115630,115205],{"class":112},[53,115632,116],{"class":67},[53,115634,11497],{"class":112},[53,115636,125],{"class":67},[53,115638,115639],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,115640,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115642,115643,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,115644,13690],{"class":59},[53,115646,3260],{"class":67},[53,115648,1470],{"class":273},[53,115650,12909],{"class":67},[53,115652,12912],{"class":112},[53,115654,116],{"class":67},[53,115656,55704],{"class":273},[53,115658,125],{"class":67},[53,115660,115661],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,115662,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115664,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,115666,132],{"class":131},[53,115668,116],{"class":67},[53,115670,11497],{"class":112},[53,115672,3021],{"class":67},[53,115674,115422],{"class":3024},[53,115676,115677,115679,115681,115683,115685],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,115678,132],{"class":131},[53,115680,116],{"class":67},[53,115682,13690],{"class":112},[53,115684,3021],{"class":67},[53,115686,115540],{"class":3024},[20,115688,115689,115690,115692,115693,37],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,115691,115548],{}," does not change ",[15,115694,55808],{},[39,115696,115698],{"id":115697},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,115700,115701],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,115703,115704],{},"Common reasons:",[193,115706,115707,115710,115713,115719],{},[196,115708,115709],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[196,115711,115712],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[196,115714,115715,115716,115718],{},"Assignment with ",[15,115717,64],{}," does not make a copy",[196,115720,115721],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,115723,115724,115725,115727],{},"For example, this does ",[30,115726,461],{}," create a copy:",[44,115729,115731],{"className":46,"code":115730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,115732,115733,115753,115761,115765,115779,115783,115795],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115734,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115736,11450],{"class":59},[53,115738,64],{"class":63},[53,115740,2982],{"class":67},[53,115742,274],{"class":273},[53,115744,81],{"class":67},[53,115746,279],{"class":273},[53,115748,81],{"class":67},[53,115750,284],{"class":273},[53,115752,2995],{"class":67},[53,115754,115755,115757,115759],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115756,13671],{"class":59},[53,115758,64],{"class":63},[53,115760,11488],{"class":59},[53,115762,115763],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115764,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115766,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775,115777],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115768,13690],{"class":59},[53,115770,37],{"class":67},[53,115772,12912],{"class":112},[53,115774,116],{"class":67},[53,115776,1858],{"class":273},[53,115778,125],{"class":67},[53,115780,115781],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,115782,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115784,115785,115787,115789,115791,115793],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,115786,132],{"class":131},[53,115788,116],{"class":67},[53,115790,11497],{"class":112},[53,115792,3021],{"class":67},[53,115794,55058],{"class":3024},[53,115796,115797,115799,115801,115803,115805],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,115798,132],{"class":131},[53,115800,116],{"class":67},[53,115802,13690],{"class":112},[53,115804,3021],{"class":67},[53,115806,115807],{"class":3024},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,115809,115810],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[39,115812,115814],{"id":115813},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,115816,115817],{},"These three ideas are different.",[599,115819,115821],{"id":115820},"assignment","Assignment",[20,115823,115824],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[44,115826,115828],{"className":46,"code":115827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,115829,115830,115856,115864,115868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115831,115832,115834,115836,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852,115854],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115833,11450],{"class":59},[53,115835,64],{"class":63},[53,115837,55651],{"class":67},[53,115839,274],{"class":273},[53,115841,81],{"class":67},[53,115843,279],{"class":273},[53,115845,17420],{"class":67},[53,115847,2982],{"class":67},[53,115849,1412],{"class":273},[53,115851,81],{"class":67},[53,115853,1811],{"class":273},[53,115855,52601],{"class":67},[53,115857,115858,115860,115862],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115859,13462],{"class":59},[53,115861,64],{"class":63},[53,115863,11488],{"class":59},[53,115865,115866],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115867,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115869,115870,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880,115882],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115871,132],{"class":131},[53,115873,116],{"class":67},[53,115875,11450],{"class":112},[53,115877,11558],{"class":1105},[53,115879,13530],{"class":112},[53,115881,3021],{"class":67},[53,115883,3025],{"class":3024},[20,115885,115886],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[599,115888,115890],{"id":115889},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,115892,115893],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[44,115895,115897],{"className":46,"code":115896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,115898,115899,115925,115939,115943,115960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115900,115901,115903,115905,115907,115909,115911,115913,115915,115917,115919,115921,115923],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,115902,11450],{"class":59},[53,115904,64],{"class":63},[53,115906,55651],{"class":67},[53,115908,274],{"class":273},[53,115910,81],{"class":67},[53,115912,279],{"class":273},[53,115914,17420],{"class":67},[53,115916,2982],{"class":67},[53,115918,1412],{"class":273},[53,115920,81],{"class":67},[53,115922,1811],{"class":273},[53,115924,52601],{"class":67},[53,115926,115927,115929,115931,115933,115935,115937],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,115928,115176],{"class":59},[53,115930,64],{"class":63},[53,115932,11525],{"class":59},[53,115934,37],{"class":67},[53,115936,12275],{"class":112},[53,115938,8011],{"class":67},[53,115940,115941],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,115942,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,115944,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115956,115958],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,115946,132],{"class":131},[53,115948,116],{"class":67},[53,115950,11450],{"class":112},[53,115952,11558],{"class":1105},[53,115954,115955],{"class":112}," shallow",[53,115957,3021],{"class":67},[53,115959,20556],{"class":3024},[53,115961,115962,115964,115966,115968,115970,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980,115982,115984],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,115963,132],{"class":131},[53,115965,116],{"class":67},[53,115967,11497],{"class":112},[53,115969,3260],{"class":67},[53,115971,1470],{"class":273},[53,115973,12632],{"class":67},[53,115975,7463],{"class":1105},[53,115977,115955],{"class":112},[53,115979,3260],{"class":67},[53,115981,1470],{"class":273},[53,115983,19802],{"class":67},[53,115985,3025],{"class":3024},[599,115987,115989],{"id":115988},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,115991,115992],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[44,115994,115996],{"className":46,"code":115995,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,115997,115998,116004,116008,116034,116052,116056,116074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,115999,116000,116002],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116001,34445],{"class":1105},[53,116003,115141],{"class":59},[53,116005,116006],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116007,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116009,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018,116020,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030,116032],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116011,11450],{"class":59},[53,116013,64],{"class":63},[53,116015,55651],{"class":67},[53,116017,274],{"class":273},[53,116019,81],{"class":67},[53,116021,279],{"class":273},[53,116023,17420],{"class":67},[53,116025,2982],{"class":67},[53,116027,1412],{"class":273},[53,116029,81],{"class":67},[53,116031,1811],{"class":273},[53,116033,52601],{"class":67},[53,116035,116036,116038,116040,116042,116044,116046,116048,116050],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116037,115196],{"class":59},[53,116039,64],{"class":63},[53,116041,115181],{"class":59},[53,116043,37],{"class":67},[53,116045,115205],{"class":112},[53,116047,116],{"class":67},[53,116049,11497],{"class":112},[53,116051,125],{"class":67},[53,116053,116054],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116055,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116057,116058,116060,116062,116064,116066,116069,116071],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,116059,132],{"class":131},[53,116061,116],{"class":67},[53,116063,11450],{"class":112},[53,116065,11558],{"class":1105},[53,116067,116068],{"class":112}," deep",[53,116070,3021],{"class":67},[53,116072,116073],{"class":3024},"         # False\n",[53,116075,116076,116078,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096,116098],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,116077,132],{"class":131},[53,116079,116],{"class":67},[53,116081,11497],{"class":112},[53,116083,3260],{"class":67},[53,116085,1470],{"class":273},[53,116087,12632],{"class":67},[53,116089,7463],{"class":1105},[53,116091,116068],{"class":112},[53,116093,3260],{"class":67},[53,116095,1470],{"class":273},[53,116097,19802],{"class":67},[53,116099,43228],{"class":3024},[39,116101,116103],{"id":116102},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116105,116106,116107,191],{},"These all make ",[30,116108,116109],{},"shallow copies",[193,116111,116112,116116,116120,116125,116131],{},[196,116113,116114],{},[15,116115,54958],{},[196,116117,116118],{},[15,116119,11799],{},[196,116121,116122],{},[15,116123,116124],{},"set.copy()",[196,116126,116127,116128],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116129,116130],{},"my_list[:]",[196,116132,116133,116135,116136,34435],{},[15,116134,115283],{}," from the ",[15,116137,12275],{},[20,116139,1476],{},[44,116141,116143],{"className":46,"code":116142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116144,116145,116165,116169,116183,116194,116198,116210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116146,116147,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157,116159,116161,116163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116148,266],{"class":59},[53,116150,64],{"class":63},[53,116152,2982],{"class":67},[53,116154,274],{"class":273},[53,116156,81],{"class":67},[53,116158,279],{"class":273},[53,116160,81],{"class":67},[53,116162,284],{"class":273},[53,116164,2995],{"class":67},[53,116166,116167],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116168,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116170,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116172,1908],{"class":59},[53,116174,64],{"class":63},[53,116176,3622],{"class":59},[53,116178,37],{"class":67},[53,116180,12275],{"class":112},[53,116182,8011],{"class":67},[53,116184,116185,116187,116189,116191],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116186,1936],{"class":59},[53,116188,64],{"class":63},[53,116190,3622],{"class":59},[53,116192,116193],{"class":67},"[:]\n",[53,116195,116196],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116197,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116199,116200,116202,116204,116206,116208],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,116201,132],{"class":131},[53,116203,116],{"class":67},[53,116205,464],{"class":112},[53,116207,3021],{"class":67},[53,116209,54291],{"class":3024},[53,116211,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,116213,132],{"class":131},[53,116215,116],{"class":67},[53,116217,637],{"class":112},[53,116219,3021],{"class":67},[53,116221,54291],{"class":3024},[20,116223,72499,116224,46891,116228,37],{},[464,116225,116226,830],{"href":54319},[15,116227,54958],{},[464,116229,116230,830],{"href":11796},[15,116231,11799],{},[39,116233,116235],{"id":116234},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116237,116238],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[193,116240,116241,116244,116247],{},[196,116242,116243],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[196,116245,116246],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[196,116248,116249],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116251,116252],{},"Example with a flat list:",[44,116254,116256],{"className":46,"code":116255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116257,116258,116278,116292,116296,116310,116314,116326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116259,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268,116270,116272,116274,116276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116261,11450],{"class":59},[53,116263,64],{"class":63},[53,116265,2982],{"class":67},[53,116267,274],{"class":273},[53,116269,81],{"class":67},[53,116271,279],{"class":273},[53,116273,81],{"class":67},[53,116275,284],{"class":273},[53,116277,2995],{"class":67},[53,116279,116280,116282,116284,116286,116288,116290],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116281,13671],{"class":59},[53,116283,64],{"class":63},[53,116285,11525],{"class":59},[53,116287,37],{"class":67},[53,116289,12275],{"class":112},[53,116291,8011],{"class":67},[53,116293,116294],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116295,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116297,116298,116300,116302,116304,116306,116308],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116299,13690],{"class":59},[53,116301,37],{"class":67},[53,116303,12912],{"class":112},[53,116305,116],{"class":67},[53,116307,1858],{"class":273},[53,116309,125],{"class":67},[53,116311,116312],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116313,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116315,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,116317,132],{"class":131},[53,116319,116],{"class":67},[53,116321,11497],{"class":112},[53,116323,3021],{"class":67},[53,116325,54291],{"class":3024},[53,116327,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,116329,132],{"class":131},[53,116331,116],{"class":67},[53,116333,13690],{"class":112},[53,116335,3021],{"class":67},[53,116337,115807],{"class":3024},[20,116339,116340],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116342,116343,116344,37],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[464,116345,14248],{"href":56577},[39,116347,116349],{"id":116348},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116351,116352],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[193,116354,116355,116358,116361],{},[196,116356,116357],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[196,116359,116360],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[196,116362,116363],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116365,116366],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[44,116368,116370],{"className":46,"code":116369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116371,116372,116378,116382,116408,116422,116440,116444,116466,116470,116483,116496],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116373,116374,116376],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116375,34445],{"class":1105},[53,116377,115141],{"class":59},[53,116379,116380],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116381,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116383,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396,116398,116400,116402,116404,116406],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116385,11450],{"class":59},[53,116387,64],{"class":63},[53,116389,68],{"class":67},[53,116391,72],{"class":71},[53,116393,15749],{"class":75},[53,116395,72],{"class":71},[53,116397,191],{"class":67},[53,116399,2982],{"class":67},[53,116401,1684],{"class":273},[53,116403,81],{"class":67},[53,116405,7155],{"class":273},[53,116407,13065],{"class":67},[53,116409,116410,116412,116414,116416,116418,116420],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116411,115176],{"class":59},[53,116413,64],{"class":63},[53,116415,11525],{"class":59},[53,116417,37],{"class":67},[53,116419,12275],{"class":112},[53,116421,8011],{"class":67},[53,116423,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116425,115196],{"class":59},[53,116427,64],{"class":63},[53,116429,115181],{"class":59},[53,116431,37],{"class":67},[53,116433,115205],{"class":112},[53,116435,116],{"class":67},[53,116437,11497],{"class":112},[53,116439,125],{"class":67},[53,116441,116442],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,116443,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116445,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462,116464],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,116447,11497],{"class":59},[53,116449,3260],{"class":67},[53,116451,72],{"class":71},[53,116453,15749],{"class":75},[53,116455,72],{"class":71},[53,116457,12909],{"class":67},[53,116459,12912],{"class":112},[53,116461,116],{"class":67},[53,116463,36194],{"class":273},[53,116465,125],{"class":67},[53,116467,116468],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,116469,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116471,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,116473,132],{"class":131},[53,116475,116],{"class":67},[53,116477,11497],{"class":112},[53,116479,3021],{"class":67},[53,116481,116482],{"class":3024},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116484,116485,116487,116489,116491,116493],{"class":55,"line":5799},[53,116486,132],{"class":131},[53,116488,116],{"class":67},[53,116490,115259],{"class":112},[53,116492,3021],{"class":67},[53,116494,116495],{"class":3024},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[53,116497,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506],{"class":55,"line":10959},[53,116499,132],{"class":131},[53,116501,116],{"class":67},[53,116503,115273],{"class":112},[53,116505,3021],{"class":67},[53,116507,116508],{"class":3024},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116510,116511],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[39,116513,116515],{"id":116514},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116517,116518],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[193,116520,116521,116524,116527,116530],{},[196,116522,116523],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[196,116525,116526],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[196,116528,116529],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[196,116531,116532],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116534,116535],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[44,116537,116539],{"className":46,"code":116538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116540,116541,116549,116557,116561,116569,116573,116585],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116542,116543,116545,116547],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116544,1908],{"class":59},[53,116546,64],{"class":63},[53,116548,1941],{"class":273},[53,116550,116551,116553,116555],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116552,1936],{"class":59},[53,116554,64],{"class":63},[53,116556,35529],{"class":59},[53,116558,116559],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116560,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116562,116563,116565,116567],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116564,1936],{"class":59},[53,116566,64],{"class":63},[53,116568,13974],{"class":273},[53,116570,116571],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116572,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116574,116575,116577,116579,116581,116583],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,116576,132],{"class":131},[53,116578,116],{"class":67},[53,116580,464],{"class":112},[53,116582,3021],{"class":67},[53,116584,26150],{"class":3024},[53,116586,116587,116589,116591,116593,116595],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,116588,132],{"class":131},[53,116590,116],{"class":67},[53,116592,637],{"class":112},[53,116594,3021],{"class":67},[53,116596,26971],{"class":3024},[20,116598,92870,116599,116602],{},[464,116600,116601],{"href":11429},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[39,116604,2185],{"id":2184},[20,116606,116607],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[193,116609,116610,116614,116619,116624,116627],{},[196,116611,7785,116612,56141],{},[15,116613,64],{},[196,116615,7785,116616,116618],{},[15,116617,54958],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[196,116620,7785,116621,116623],{},[15,116622,11799],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[196,116625,116626],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[196,116628,116629],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116631,116632],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[44,116634,116636],{"className":46,"code":116635,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116637,116638,116652,116666,116688,116719],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116641,132],{"class":131},[53,116643,116],{"class":67},[53,116645,11450],{"class":112},[53,116647,11558],{"class":1105},[53,116649,13744],{"class":112},[53,116651,125],{"class":67},[53,116653,116654,116656,116658,116660,116662,116664],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116655,132],{"class":131},[53,116657,116],{"class":67},[53,116659,11450],{"class":112},[53,116661,4046],{"class":63},[53,116663,13744],{"class":112},[53,116665,125],{"class":67},[53,116667,116668,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678,116680,116682,116684,116686],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116669,132],{"class":131},[53,116671,116],{"class":67},[53,116673,12014],{"class":131},[53,116675,116],{"class":67},[53,116677,11497],{"class":112},[53,116679,8602],{"class":67},[53,116681,14176],{"class":131},[53,116683,116],{"class":67},[53,116685,13690],{"class":112},[53,116687,1377],{"class":67},[53,116689,116690,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700,116702,116704,116707,116709,116711,116713,116715,116717],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116691,132],{"class":131},[53,116693,116],{"class":67},[53,116695,12014],{"class":131},[53,116697,116],{"class":67},[53,116699,11497],{"class":112},[53,116701,3260],{"class":67},[53,116703,1470],{"class":273},[53,116705,116706],{"class":67},"]),",[53,116708,14176],{"class":131},[53,116710,116],{"class":67},[53,116712,13690],{"class":112},[53,116714,3260],{"class":67},[53,116716,1470],{"class":273},[53,116718,2354],{"class":67},[53,116720,116721,116723,116725,116727,116729,116731],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116722,132],{"class":131},[53,116724,116],{"class":67},[53,116726,2578],{"class":550},[53,116728,116],{"class":67},[53,116730,11497],{"class":112},[53,116732,1377],{"class":67},[20,116734,116735],{},"What they tell you:",[193,116737,116738,116743,116748,116753,116763],{},[196,116739,116740,116742],{},[15,116741,11558],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[196,116744,116745,116747],{},[15,116746,4046],{}," checks whether values are equal",[196,116749,116750,116752],{},[15,116751,42844],{}," shows the identity of an object",[196,116754,116755,116756,594,116759,116762],{},"comparing ",[15,116757,116758],{},"id(original[0])",[15,116760,116761],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[196,116764,116765,116767],{},[15,116766,1655],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[39,116769,1187],{"id":1186},[599,116771,116773],{"id":116772},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,116775,116776],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[599,116778,56627],{"id":56542},[20,116780,116781],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[599,116783,116785],{"id":116784},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,116787,116788],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[599,116790,116792],{"id":116791},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,116794,116795],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[599,116797,116799],{"id":116798},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,116801,116802],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[39,116804,1244],{"id":1243},[193,116806,116807,116812,116818,116824,116828],{},[196,116808,116809],{},[464,116810,116811],{"href":11429},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[196,116813,116814],{},[464,116815,2934,116816,830],{"href":54319},[15,116817,54958],{},[196,116819,116820],{},[464,116821,2934,116822,830],{"href":11796},[15,116823,11799],{},[196,116825,116826],{},[464,116827,14325],{"href":56577},[196,116829,116830],{},[464,116831,116832],{"href":57852},"What is a list in Python?",[1276,116834,116835],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":116837},[116838,116839,116840,116841,116842,116843,116848,116849,116850,116851,116852,116853,116860],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":115293,"depth":104,"text":115294},{"id":115314,"depth":104,"text":115315},{"id":115557,"depth":104,"text":115558},{"id":115697,"depth":104,"text":115698},{"id":115813,"depth":104,"text":115814,"children":116844},[116845,116846,116847],{"id":115820,"depth":128,"text":115821},{"id":115889,"depth":128,"text":115890},{"id":115988,"depth":128,"text":115989},{"id":116102,"depth":104,"text":116103},{"id":116234,"depth":104,"text":116235},{"id":116348,"depth":104,"text":116349},{"id":116514,"depth":104,"text":116515},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":116854},[116855,116856,116857,116858,116859],{"id":116772,"depth":128,"text":116773},{"id":56542,"depth":128,"text":56627},{"id":116784,"depth":128,"text":116785},{"id":116791,"depth":128,"text":116792},{"id":116798,"depth":128,"text":116799},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115094,"description":116861},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":116867,"title":116868,"body":116869,"description":118726,"extension":1312,"meta":118727,"navigation":383,"path":118728,"seo":118729,"stem":118730,"__hash__":118731},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":116870,"toc":118684},[116871,116876,116881,116889,116891,116959,116964,116969,116984,116987,116989,117020,117022,117042,117045,117060,117062,117065,117138,117140,117185,117187,117198,117203,117207,117212,117215,117254,117256,117276,117279,117336,117338,117373,117376,117415,117417,117437,117440,117471,117473,117529,117531,117536,117607,117609,117642,117647,117652,117717,117719,117756,117759,117836,117838,117898,117905,117910,117913,117916,117997,117999,118040,118045,118048,118126,118128,118161,118170,118177,118180,118191,118194,118205,118209,118217,118226,118230,118235,118239,118244,118287,118290,118296,118299,118301,118348,118353,118357,118360,118409,118411,118432,118435,118437,118462,118465,118586,118591,118593,118598,118601,118606,118609,118617,118622,118629,118632,118640,118643,118645,118681],[10,116872,2934,116874,2938],{"id":116873},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,116875,73783],{},[20,116877,116878,116880],{},[15,116879,73783],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,116882,116883,116884,1540,116886,116888],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,116885,77226],{},[15,116887,73783],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[39,116890,2968],{"id":2967},[44,116892,116894],{"className":46,"code":116893,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,116895,116896,116916,116930,116934,116946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116897,116898,116900,116902,116904,116906,116908,116910,116912,116914],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116899,266],{"class":59},[53,116901,64],{"class":63},[53,116903,2982],{"class":67},[53,116905,1412],{"class":273},[53,116907,81],{"class":67},[53,116909,4858],{"class":273},[53,116911,81],{"class":67},[53,116913,279],{"class":273},[53,116915,2995],{"class":67},[53,116917,116918,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,116919,1582],{"class":59},[53,116921,64],{"class":63},[53,116923,73917],{"class":131},[53,116925,116],{"class":67},[53,116927,291],{"class":112},[53,116929,125],{"class":67},[53,116931,116932],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,116933,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,116935,116936,116938,116940,116942,116944],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,116937,132],{"class":131},[53,116939,116],{"class":67},[53,116941,1617],{"class":112},[53,116943,3021],{"class":67},[53,116945,55045],{"class":3024},[53,116947,116948,116950,116952,116954,116956],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,116949,132],{"class":131},[53,116951,116],{"class":67},[53,116953,291],{"class":112},[53,116955,3021],{"class":67},[53,116957,116958],{"class":3024},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,116960,116961,116963],{},[15,116962,73783],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[39,116965,183,116967,186],{"id":116966},"what-sorted-does",[15,116968,73783],{},[193,116970,116971,116975,116978,116981],{},[196,116972,116973,62285],{},[15,116974,73783],{},[196,116976,116977],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[196,116979,116980],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[196,116982,116983],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,116985,116986],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[39,116988,217],{"id":216},[44,116990,116992],{"className":46,"code":116991,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,116993,116994],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,116995,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,116997,73873],{"class":131},[53,116999,116],{"class":67},[53,117001,3081],{"class":112},[53,117003,81],{"class":67},[53,117005,20934],{"class":8544},[53,117007,64],{"class":63},[53,117009,849],{"class":938},[53,117011,81],{"class":67},[53,117013,77429],{"class":8544},[53,117015,64],{"class":63},[53,117017,3035],{"class":938},[53,117019,125],{"class":67},[599,117021,16754],{"id":16753},[193,117023,117024,117029,117034],{},[196,117025,117026,117028],{},[15,117027,3081],{},": the values to sort",[196,117030,117031,117033],{},[15,117032,14201],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[196,117035,117036,117038,117039,117041],{},[15,117037,72936],{},": set to ",[15,117040,2963],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117043,117044],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[44,117046,117048],{"className":46,"code":117047,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117049,117050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117051,117052,117054,117056,117058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117053,73873],{"class":131},[53,117055,116],{"class":67},[53,117057,59666],{"class":112},[53,117059,125],{"class":67},[39,117061,337],{"id":336},[20,117063,117064],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[44,117066,117068],{"className":46,"code":117067,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117069,117070,117094,117098,117113,117117,117128],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117071,117072,117074,117076,117078,117080,117082,117084,117086,117088,117090,117092],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117073,266],{"class":59},[53,117075,64],{"class":63},[53,117077,2982],{"class":67},[53,117079,1487],{"class":273},[53,117081,81],{"class":67},[53,117083,279],{"class":273},[53,117085,81],{"class":67},[53,117087,5722],{"class":273},[53,117089,81],{"class":67},[53,117091,4858],{"class":273},[53,117093,2995],{"class":67},[53,117095,117096],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117097,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,117099,117100,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,117101,117102],{"class":59},"sorted_numbers ",[53,117104,64],{"class":63},[53,117106,73917],{"class":131},[53,117108,116],{"class":67},[53,117110,291],{"class":112},[53,117112,125],{"class":67},[53,117114,117115],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,117116,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,117118,117119,117121,117123,117126],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,117120,132],{"class":131},[53,117122,116],{"class":67},[53,117124,117125],{"class":112},"sorted_numbers",[53,117127,125],{"class":67},[53,117129,117130,117132,117134,117136],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,117131,132],{"class":131},[53,117133,116],{"class":67},[53,117135,291],{"class":112},[53,117137,125],{"class":67},[20,117139,772],{},[44,117141,117143],{"className":46,"code":117142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117144,117145,117165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117146,117147,117149,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159,117161,117163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117148,3260],{"class":67},[53,117150,274],{"class":273},[53,117152,81],{"class":67},[53,117154,279],{"class":273},[53,117156,81],{"class":67},[53,117158,3963],{"class":273},[53,117160,81],{"class":67},[53,117162,5722],{"class":273},[53,117164,2995],{"class":67},[53,117166,117167,117169,117171,117173,117175,117177,117179,117181,117183],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117168,3260],{"class":67},[53,117170,1487],{"class":273},[53,117172,81],{"class":67},[53,117174,279],{"class":273},[53,117176,81],{"class":67},[53,117178,5722],{"class":273},[53,117180,81],{"class":67},[53,117182,4858],{"class":273},[53,117184,2995],{"class":67},[20,117186,13122],{},[193,117188,117189,117194],{},[196,117190,117191,117193],{},[15,117192,117125],{}," is a new sorted list",[196,117195,117196,111730],{},[15,117197,291],{},[20,117199,117200,117201,37],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[464,117202,77736],{"href":77735},[39,117204,117206],{"id":117205},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117208,117209,117211],{},[15,117210,73783],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[599,117213,117214],{"id":7460},"List",[44,117216,117218],{"className":46,"code":117217,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117219,117220,117240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117221,117222,117224,117226,117228,117230,117232,117234,117236,117238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117223,266],{"class":59},[53,117225,64],{"class":63},[53,117227,2982],{"class":67},[53,117229,1412],{"class":273},[53,117231,81],{"class":67},[53,117233,4858],{"class":273},[53,117235,81],{"class":67},[53,117237,279],{"class":273},[53,117239,2995],{"class":67},[53,117241,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117243,132],{"class":131},[53,117245,116],{"class":67},[53,117247,73873],{"class":131},[53,117249,116],{"class":67},[53,117251,291],{"class":112},[53,117253,1377],{"class":67},[20,117255,772],{},[44,117257,117258],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117259,117260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117263,3260],{"class":67},[53,117265,274],{"class":273},[53,117267,81],{"class":67},[53,117269,279],{"class":273},[53,117271,81],{"class":67},[53,117273,284],{"class":273},[53,117275,2995],{"class":67},[599,117277,117278],{"id":48311},"Tuple",[44,117280,117282],{"className":46,"code":117281,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117283,117284,117304,117318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117285,117286,117288,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298,117300,117302],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117287,3183],{"class":59},[53,117289,64],{"class":63},[53,117291,8605],{"class":67},[53,117293,1412],{"class":273},[53,117295,81],{"class":67},[53,117297,4858],{"class":273},[53,117299,81],{"class":67},[53,117301,279],{"class":273},[53,117303,125],{"class":67},[53,117305,117306,117308,117310,117312,117314,117316],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117307,132],{"class":131},[53,117309,116],{"class":67},[53,117311,73873],{"class":131},[53,117313,116],{"class":67},[53,117315,4718],{"class":112},[53,117317,1377],{"class":67},[53,117319,117320,117322,117324,117326,117328,117330,117332,117334],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,117321,132],{"class":131},[53,117323,116],{"class":67},[53,117325,2578],{"class":550},[53,117327,116],{"class":67},[53,117329,73873],{"class":131},[53,117331,116],{"class":67},[53,117333,4718],{"class":112},[53,117335,2267],{"class":67},[20,117337,772],{},[44,117339,117341],{"className":46,"code":117340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117342,117343,117359],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117344,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117346,3260],{"class":67},[53,117348,274],{"class":273},[53,117350,81],{"class":67},[53,117352,279],{"class":273},[53,117354,81],{"class":67},[53,117356,284],{"class":273},[53,117358,2995],{"class":67},[53,117360,117361,117363,117365,117367,117369,117371],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117362,2647],{"class":63},[53,117364,2650],{"class":1415},[53,117366,165],{"class":71},[53,117368,7460],{"class":75},[53,117370,156],{"class":71},[53,117372,2659],{"class":63},[599,117374,117375],{"id":5649},"Set",[44,117377,117379],{"className":46,"code":117378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117380,117381,117401],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117382,117383,117385,117387,117389,117391,117393,117395,117397,117399],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117384,3183],{"class":59},[53,117386,64],{"class":63},[53,117388,68],{"class":67},[53,117390,1412],{"class":273},[53,117392,81],{"class":67},[53,117394,4858],{"class":273},[53,117396,81],{"class":67},[53,117398,279],{"class":273},[53,117400,101],{"class":67},[53,117402,117403,117405,117407,117409,117411,117413],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117404,132],{"class":131},[53,117406,116],{"class":67},[53,117408,73873],{"class":131},[53,117410,116],{"class":67},[53,117412,4718],{"class":112},[53,117414,1377],{"class":67},[20,117416,772],{},[44,117418,117419],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117420,117421],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117422,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117424,3260],{"class":67},[53,117426,274],{"class":273},[53,117428,81],{"class":67},[53,117430,279],{"class":273},[53,117432,81],{"class":67},[53,117434,284],{"class":273},[53,117436,2995],{"class":67},[599,117438,117439],{"id":60533},"String",[44,117441,117443],{"className":46,"code":117442,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117444,117445,117457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117446,117447,117449,117451,117453,117455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117448,34042],{"class":59},[53,117450,64],{"class":63},[53,117452,84],{"class":71},[53,117454,48],{"class":75},[53,117456,2715],{"class":71},[53,117458,117459,117461,117463,117465,117467,117469],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117460,132],{"class":131},[53,117462,116],{"class":67},[53,117464,73873],{"class":131},[53,117466,116],{"class":67},[53,117468,34063],{"class":112},[53,117470,1377],{"class":67},[20,117472,772],{},[44,117474,117475],{"className":46,"code":78753,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117476,117477],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117478,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117480,3260],{"class":67},[53,117482,156],{"class":71},[53,117484,59797],{"class":75},[53,117486,156],{"class":71},[53,117488,81],{"class":67},[53,117490,165],{"class":71},[53,117492,75389],{"class":75},[53,117494,156],{"class":71},[53,117496,81],{"class":67},[53,117498,165],{"class":71},[53,117500,59832],{"class":75},[53,117502,156],{"class":71},[53,117504,81],{"class":67},[53,117506,165],{"class":71},[53,117508,20],{"class":75},[53,117510,156],{"class":71},[53,117512,81],{"class":67},[53,117514,165],{"class":71},[53,117516,62646],{"class":75},[53,117518,156],{"class":71},[53,117520,81],{"class":67},[53,117522,165],{"class":71},[53,117524,11110],{"class":75},[53,117526,156],{"class":71},[53,117528,2995],{"class":67},[599,117530,28579],{"id":14965},[20,117532,62899,117533,117535],{},[15,117534,73783],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[44,117537,117539],{"className":46,"code":117538,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117540,117541,117593],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117542,117543,117545,117547,117549,117551,117553,117555,117557,117559,117561,117563,117565,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583,117585,117587,117589,117591],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117544,12563],{"class":59},[53,117546,64],{"class":63},[53,117548,68],{"class":67},[53,117550,72],{"class":71},[53,117552,7032],{"class":75},[53,117554,72],{"class":71},[53,117556,191],{"class":67},[53,117558,84],{"class":71},[53,117560,12244],{"class":75},[53,117562,72],{"class":71},[53,117564,81],{"class":67},[53,117566,84],{"class":71},[53,117568,8667],{"class":75},[53,117570,72],{"class":71},[53,117572,191],{"class":67},[53,117574,7155],{"class":273},[53,117576,81],{"class":67},[53,117578,84],{"class":71},[53,117580,9776],{"class":75},[53,117582,72],{"class":71},[53,117584,191],{"class":67},[53,117586,84],{"class":71},[53,117588,15391],{"class":75},[53,117590,72],{"class":71},[53,117592,101],{"class":67},[53,117594,117595,117597,117599,117601,117603,117605],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117596,132],{"class":131},[53,117598,116],{"class":67},[53,117600,73873],{"class":131},[53,117602,116],{"class":67},[53,117604,16666],{"class":112},[53,117606,1377],{"class":67},[20,117608,772],{},[44,117610,117612],{"className":46,"code":117611,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117613,117614],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117615,117616,117618,117620,117622,117624,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117617,3260],{"class":67},[53,117619,156],{"class":71},[53,117621,8667],{"class":75},[53,117623,156],{"class":71},[53,117625,81],{"class":67},[53,117627,165],{"class":71},[53,117629,9776],{"class":75},[53,117631,156],{"class":71},[53,117633,81],{"class":67},[53,117635,165],{"class":71},[53,117637,7032],{"class":75},[53,117639,156],{"class":71},[53,117641,2995],{"class":67},[39,117643,7785,117645],{"id":117644},"using-reversetrue",[15,117646,77450],{},[20,117648,174,117649,117651],{},[15,117650,77450],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[44,117653,117655],{"className":46,"code":117654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117656,117657,117677,117681,117695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117658,117659,117661,117663,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117660,266],{"class":59},[53,117662,64],{"class":63},[53,117664,2982],{"class":67},[53,117666,1412],{"class":273},[53,117668,81],{"class":67},[53,117670,4858],{"class":273},[53,117672,81],{"class":67},[53,117674,279],{"class":273},[53,117676,2995],{"class":67},[53,117678,117679],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117680,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,117682,117683,117685,117687,117689,117691,117693],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,117684,132],{"class":131},[53,117686,116],{"class":67},[53,117688,73873],{"class":131},[53,117690,116],{"class":67},[53,117692,291],{"class":112},[53,117694,1377],{"class":67},[53,117696,117697,117699,117701,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713,117715],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,117698,132],{"class":131},[53,117700,116],{"class":67},[53,117702,73873],{"class":131},[53,117704,116],{"class":67},[53,117706,291],{"class":112},[53,117708,81],{"class":67},[53,117710,77429],{"class":8544},[53,117712,64],{"class":63},[53,117714,2963],{"class":938},[53,117716,1377],{"class":67},[20,117718,772],{},[44,117720,117722],{"className":46,"code":117721,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,117723,117724,117740],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117725,117726,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117727,3260],{"class":67},[53,117729,274],{"class":273},[53,117731,81],{"class":67},[53,117733,279],{"class":273},[53,117735,81],{"class":67},[53,117737,284],{"class":273},[53,117739,2995],{"class":67},[53,117741,117742,117744,117746,117748,117750,117752,117754],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117743,3260],{"class":67},[53,117745,1412],{"class":273},[53,117747,81],{"class":67},[53,117749,279],{"class":273},[53,117751,81],{"class":67},[53,117753,4858],{"class":273},[53,117755,2995],{"class":67},[20,117757,117758],{},"This also works with strings:",[44,117760,117762],{"className":46,"code":117761,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,117763,117764,117796,117800,117814],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117765,117766,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780,117782,117784,117786,117788,117790,117792,117794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117767,3431],{"class":59},[53,117769,64],{"class":63},[53,117771,2982],{"class":67},[53,117773,72],{"class":71},[53,117775,356],{"class":75},[53,117777,72],{"class":71},[53,117779,81],{"class":67},[53,117781,84],{"class":71},[53,117783,365],{"class":75},[53,117785,72],{"class":71},[53,117787,81],{"class":67},[53,117789,84],{"class":71},[53,117791,3456],{"class":75},[53,117793,72],{"class":71},[53,117795,2995],{"class":67},[53,117797,117798],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117799,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,117801,117802,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,117803,132],{"class":131},[53,117805,116],{"class":67},[53,117807,73873],{"class":131},[53,117809,116],{"class":67},[53,117811,3473],{"class":112},[53,117813,1377],{"class":67},[53,117815,117816,117818,117820,117822,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,117817,132],{"class":131},[53,117819,116],{"class":67},[53,117821,73873],{"class":131},[53,117823,116],{"class":67},[53,117825,3473],{"class":112},[53,117827,81],{"class":67},[53,117829,77429],{"class":8544},[53,117831,64],{"class":63},[53,117833,2963],{"class":938},[53,117835,1377],{"class":67},[20,117837,772],{},[44,117839,117840],{"className":46,"code":73517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,117841,117842,117870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117843,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117845,3260],{"class":67},[53,117847,156],{"class":71},[53,117849,356],{"class":75},[53,117851,156],{"class":71},[53,117853,81],{"class":67},[53,117855,165],{"class":71},[53,117857,365],{"class":75},[53,117859,156],{"class":71},[53,117861,81],{"class":67},[53,117863,165],{"class":71},[53,117865,3456],{"class":75},[53,117867,156],{"class":71},[53,117869,2995],{"class":67},[53,117871,117872,117874,117876,117878,117880,117882,117884,117886,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117873,3260],{"class":67},[53,117875,156],{"class":71},[53,117877,3456],{"class":75},[53,117879,156],{"class":71},[53,117881,81],{"class":67},[53,117883,165],{"class":71},[53,117885,365],{"class":75},[53,117887,156],{"class":71},[53,117889,81],{"class":67},[53,117891,165],{"class":71},[53,117893,356],{"class":75},[53,117895,156],{"class":71},[53,117897,2995],{"class":67},[39,117899,7785,117901,117904],{"id":117900},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,117902,117903],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,117906,1329,117907,117909],{},[15,117908,117903],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,117911,117912],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,117914,117915],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[44,117917,117919],{"className":46,"code":117918,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,117920,117921,117961,117965,117987],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,117922,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955,117957,117959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,117924,3431],{"class":59},[53,117926,64],{"class":63},[53,117928,2982],{"class":67},[53,117930,72],{"class":71},[53,117932,78103],{"class":75},[53,117934,72],{"class":71},[53,117936,81],{"class":67},[53,117938,84],{"class":71},[53,117940,37711],{"class":75},[53,117942,72],{"class":71},[53,117944,81],{"class":67},[53,117946,84],{"class":71},[53,117948,365],{"class":75},[53,117950,72],{"class":71},[53,117952,81],{"class":67},[53,117954,84],{"class":71},[53,117956,37694],{"class":75},[53,117958,72],{"class":71},[53,117960,2995],{"class":67},[53,117962,117963],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,117964,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,117966,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,117968,1582],{"class":59},[53,117970,64],{"class":63},[53,117972,73917],{"class":131},[53,117974,116],{"class":67},[53,117976,3473],{"class":112},[53,117978,81],{"class":67},[53,117980,20934],{"class":8544},[53,117982,64],{"class":63},[53,117984,10528],{"class":131},[53,117986,125],{"class":67},[53,117988,117989,117991,117993,117995],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,117990,132],{"class":131},[53,117992,116],{"class":67},[53,117994,1617],{"class":112},[53,117996,125],{"class":67},[20,117998,772],{},[44,118000,118002],{"className":46,"code":118001,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118003,118004],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118005,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020,118022,118024,118026,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118007,3260],{"class":67},[53,118009,156],{"class":71},[53,118011,37711],{"class":75},[53,118013,156],{"class":71},[53,118015,81],{"class":67},[53,118017,165],{"class":71},[53,118019,78103],{"class":75},[53,118021,156],{"class":71},[53,118023,81],{"class":67},[53,118025,165],{"class":71},[53,118027,37694],{"class":75},[53,118029,156],{"class":71},[53,118031,81],{"class":67},[53,118033,165],{"class":71},[53,118035,365],{"class":75},[53,118037,156],{"class":71},[53,118039,2995],{"class":67},[20,118041,20127,118042,118044],{},[15,118043,10528],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118046,118047],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[44,118049,118051],{"className":46,"code":118050,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118052,118053,118086,118090,118116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118054,118055,118057,118059,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118082,118084],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118056,3431],{"class":59},[53,118058,64],{"class":63},[53,118060,2982],{"class":67},[53,118062,72],{"class":71},[53,118064,82722],{"class":75},[53,118066,72],{"class":71},[53,118068,81],{"class":67},[53,118070,84],{"class":71},[53,118072,356],{"class":75},[53,118074,72],{"class":71},[53,118076,81],{"class":67},[53,118078,84],{"class":71},[53,118080,118081],{"class":75},"Cherry",[53,118083,72],{"class":71},[53,118085,2995],{"class":67},[53,118087,118088],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118089,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,118091,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102,118104,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,118093,1582],{"class":59},[53,118095,64],{"class":63},[53,118097,73917],{"class":131},[53,118099,116],{"class":67},[53,118101,3473],{"class":112},[53,118103,81],{"class":67},[53,118105,20934],{"class":8544},[53,118107,64],{"class":63},[53,118109,2801],{"class":550},[53,118111,37],{"class":67},[53,118113,8008],{"class":24104},[53,118115,125],{"class":67},[53,118117,118118,118120,118122,118124],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,118119,132],{"class":131},[53,118121,116],{"class":67},[53,118123,1617],{"class":112},[53,118125,125],{"class":67},[20,118127,772],{},[44,118129,118131],{"className":46,"code":118130,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118132,118133],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118134,118135,118137,118139,118141,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157,118159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118136,3260],{"class":67},[53,118138,156],{"class":71},[53,118140,356],{"class":75},[53,118142,156],{"class":71},[53,118144,81],{"class":67},[53,118146,165],{"class":71},[53,118148,82722],{"class":75},[53,118150,156],{"class":71},[53,118152,81],{"class":67},[53,118154,165],{"class":71},[53,118156,118081],{"class":75},[53,118158,156],{"class":71},[53,118160,2995],{"class":67},[20,118162,118163,118164,34684,118166,37],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118165,41716],{},[464,118167,2934,118168,2867],{"href":41713},[15,118169,41716],{},[39,118171,118173,9952,118175],{"id":118172},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118174,73783],{},[15,118176,77226],{},[20,118178,118179],{},"The main difference is this:",[193,118181,118182,118187],{},[196,118183,118184,118186],{},[15,118185,73783],{}," returns a new list",[196,118188,118189,73321],{},[15,118190,77226],{},[20,118192,118193],{},"Also:",[193,118195,118196,118201],{},[196,118197,118198,118200],{},[15,118199,73783],{}," works with many iterables",[196,118202,118203,78659],{},[15,118204,77226],{},[20,118206,174,118207,9968],{},[15,118208,73783],{},[193,118210,118211,118214],{},[196,118212,118213],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[196,118215,118216],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118218,118219,118220,37],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[464,118221,2934,118222,9952,118224,5144],{"href":78484},[15,118223,73783],{},[15,118225,77226],{},[39,118227,118229],{"id":118228},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118231,118232,118233,37],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118234,73783],{},[599,118236,118238],{"id":118237},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118240,118241,118242,191],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118243,2360],{},[44,118245,118247],{"className":46,"code":118246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118248,118249,118273],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118250,118251,118253,118255,118257,118259,118261,118263,118265,118267,118269,118271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118252,3183],{"class":59},[53,118254,64],{"class":63},[53,118256,2982],{"class":67},[53,118258,274],{"class":273},[53,118260,81],{"class":67},[53,118262,84],{"class":71},[53,118264,300],{"class":75},[53,118266,72],{"class":71},[53,118268,81],{"class":67},[53,118270,284],{"class":273},[53,118272,2995],{"class":67},[53,118274,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118276,132],{"class":131},[53,118278,116],{"class":67},[53,118280,73873],{"class":131},[53,118282,116],{"class":67},[53,118284,4718],{"class":112},[53,118286,1377],{"class":67},[20,118288,118289],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[599,118291,118293,118294,1656],{"id":118292},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118295,14201],{},[20,118297,118298],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118300,1559],{},[44,118302,118304],{"className":46,"code":118303,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118305,118306,118326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118307,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118309,266],{"class":59},[53,118311,64],{"class":63},[53,118313,2982],{"class":67},[53,118315,1684],{"class":273},[53,118317,81],{"class":67},[53,118319,279],{"class":273},[53,118321,81],{"class":67},[53,118323,7160],{"class":273},[53,118325,2995],{"class":67},[53,118327,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118329,132],{"class":131},[53,118331,116],{"class":67},[53,118333,73873],{"class":131},[53,118335,116],{"class":67},[53,118337,291],{"class":112},[53,118339,81],{"class":67},[53,118341,20934],{"class":8544},[53,118343,64],{"class":63},[53,118345,10528],{"class":131},[53,118347,1377],{"class":67},[20,118349,47868,118350,118352],{},[15,118351,41716],{}," does not work on integers.",[599,118354,118356],{"id":118355},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118358,118359],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[44,118361,118363],{"className":46,"code":118362,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118364,118365,118385,118395,118399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118366,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118368,266],{"class":59},[53,118370,64],{"class":63},[53,118372,2982],{"class":67},[53,118374,1412],{"class":273},[53,118376,81],{"class":67},[53,118378,4858],{"class":273},[53,118380,81],{"class":67},[53,118382,279],{"class":273},[53,118384,2995],{"class":67},[53,118386,118387,118389,118391,118393],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118388,73873],{"class":131},[53,118390,116],{"class":67},[53,118392,291],{"class":112},[53,118394,125],{"class":67},[53,118396,118397],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,118398,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,118400,118401,118403,118405,118407],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,118402,132],{"class":131},[53,118404,116],{"class":67},[53,118406,291],{"class":112},[53,118408,125],{"class":67},[20,118410,772],{},[44,118412,118414],{"className":46,"code":118413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118415,118416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118417,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428,118430],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118419,3260],{"class":67},[53,118421,1412],{"class":273},[53,118423,81],{"class":67},[53,118425,4858],{"class":273},[53,118427,81],{"class":67},[53,118429,279],{"class":273},[53,118431,2995],{"class":67},[20,118433,118434],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[39,118436,2185],{"id":2184},[193,118438,118439,118443,118446,118451,118455],{},[196,118440,3937,118441,73321],{},[15,118442,73783],{},[196,118444,118445],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[196,118447,4062,118448,118450],{},[15,118449,73783],{}," always returns a list",[196,118452,7785,118453,22457],{},[15,118454,117903],{},[196,118456,29006,118457,118459,118460],{},[15,118458,63671],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118461,73783],{},[20,118463,118464],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[44,118466,118468],{"className":46,"code":118467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118469,118470,118492,118518,118556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118471,118472,118474,118476,118478,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118473,132],{"class":131},[53,118475,116],{"class":67},[53,118477,73873],{"class":131},[53,118479,2341],{"class":67},[53,118481,1412],{"class":273},[53,118483,81],{"class":67},[53,118485,4858],{"class":273},[53,118487,81],{"class":67},[53,118489,279],{"class":273},[53,118491,2354],{"class":67},[53,118493,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118495,132],{"class":131},[53,118497,116],{"class":67},[53,118499,2578],{"class":550},[53,118501,116],{"class":67},[53,118503,73873],{"class":131},[53,118505,4871],{"class":67},[53,118507,1412],{"class":273},[53,118509,81],{"class":67},[53,118511,4858],{"class":273},[53,118513,81],{"class":67},[53,118515,279],{"class":273},[53,118517,92726],{"class":67},[53,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538,118540,118542,118544,118546,118548,118550,118552,118554],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,118521,132],{"class":131},[53,118523,116],{"class":67},[53,118525,73873],{"class":131},[53,118527,2341],{"class":67},[53,118529,156],{"class":71},[53,118531,82722],{"class":75},[53,118533,156],{"class":71},[53,118535,81],{"class":67},[53,118537,165],{"class":71},[53,118539,356],{"class":75},[53,118541,156],{"class":71},[53,118543,17420],{"class":67},[53,118545,20934],{"class":8544},[53,118547,64],{"class":63},[53,118549,2801],{"class":550},[53,118551,37],{"class":67},[53,118553,8008],{"class":24104},[53,118555,1377],{"class":67},[53,118557,118558,118560,118562,118564,118566,118568,118570,118572,118574,118576,118578,118580,118582,118584],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,118559,132],{"class":131},[53,118561,116],{"class":67},[53,118563,73873],{"class":131},[53,118565,2341],{"class":67},[53,118567,1412],{"class":273},[53,118569,81],{"class":67},[53,118571,4858],{"class":273},[53,118573,81],{"class":67},[53,118575,279],{"class":273},[53,118577,17420],{"class":67},[53,118579,77429],{"class":8544},[53,118581,64],{"class":63},[53,118583,2963],{"class":938},[53,118585,1377],{"class":67},[20,118587,118588,118589,37],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[464,118590,52130],{"href":50338},[39,118592,1187],{"id":1186},[599,118594,1191,118596,56521],{"id":118595},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118597,73783],{},[20,118599,118600],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[599,118602,4501,118604,12080],{"id":118603},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118605,73783],{},[20,118607,118608],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[599,118610,118612,118613,10458,118615,1222],{"id":118611},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118614,73783],{},[15,118616,77226],{},[20,118618,174,118619,118621],{},[15,118620,73783],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[599,118623,4501,118625,85810,118627,1222],{"id":118624},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118626,117903],{},[15,118628,73783],{},[20,118630,118631],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[599,118633,4517,118635,118637,118638,1222],{"id":118634},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118636,73783],{}," give a ",[15,118639,2360],{},[20,118641,118642],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[39,118644,1244],{"id":1243},[193,118646,118647,118651,118659,118663,118669,118675],{},[196,118648,118649],{},[464,118650,79232],{"href":77735},[196,118652,118653],{},[464,118654,2934,118655,9952,118657,5144],{"href":78484},[15,118656,73783],{},[15,118658,77226],{},[196,118660,118661],{},[464,118662,52130],{"href":50338},[196,118664,118665],{},[464,118666,2934,118667,2867],{"href":41713},[15,118668,41716],{},[196,118670,118671],{},[464,118672,2934,118673,2867],{"href":91382},[15,118674,35104],{},[196,118676,118677],{},[464,118678,2934,118679,2867],{"href":35549},[15,118680,35552],{},[1276,118682,118683],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":118685},[118686,118687,118689,118692,118693,118700,118702,118704,118706,118712,118713,118725],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":116966,"depth":104,"text":118688},"What sorted() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":118690},[118691],{"id":16753,"depth":128,"text":16754},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":117205,"depth":104,"text":117206,"children":118694},[118695,118696,118697,118698,118699],{"id":7460,"depth":128,"text":117214},{"id":48311,"depth":128,"text":117278},{"id":5649,"depth":128,"text":117375},{"id":60533,"depth":128,"text":117439},{"id":14965,"depth":128,"text":28579},{"id":117644,"depth":104,"text":118701},"Using reverse=True",{"id":117900,"depth":104,"text":118703},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118172,"depth":104,"text":118705},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118228,"depth":104,"text":118229,"children":118707},[118708,118709,118711],{"id":118237,"depth":128,"text":118238},{"id":118292,"depth":128,"text":118710},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118355,"depth":128,"text":118356},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":118714},[118715,118717,118719,118721,118723],{"id":118595,"depth":128,"text":118716},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118603,"depth":128,"text":118718},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118611,"depth":128,"text":118720},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118624,"depth":128,"text":118722},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118634,"depth":128,"text":118724},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":116868,"description":118726},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":118733,"title":118734,"body":118735,"description":120846,"extension":1312,"meta":120847,"navigation":383,"path":78484,"seo":120848,"stem":120849,"__hash__":120850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":118736,"toc":120793},[118737,118744,118747,118757,118763,118766,118784,118792,118794,118853,118861,118865,118887,118891,118895,118897,118914,118916,118928,118934,119018,119022,119069,119075,119082,119086,119091,119093,119105,119110,119163,119167,119187,119194,119201,119205,119208,119227,119231,119345,119349,119419,119421,119433,119438,119442,119455,119459,119534,119538,119577,119584,119590,119595,119599,119613,119617,119682,119686,119719,119722,119727,119735,119742,119755,119758,119762,119845,119849,119886,119890,119993,119997,120058,120063,120070,120074,120077,120083,120086,120153,120157,120181,120183,120201,120208,120261,120265,120285,120291,120293,120350,120357,120383,120388,120393,120401,120407,120467,120471,120518,120521,120523,120526,120552,120555,120648,120650,120670,120674,120677,120695,120701,120703,120711,120716,120723,120726,120732,120735,120741,120749,120757,120762,120764,120790],[10,118738,2934,118740,9952,118742,92440],{"id":118739},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,118741,73783],{},[15,118743,77226],{},[20,118745,118746],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[193,118748,118749,118753],{},[196,118750,118751],{},[15,118752,73783],{},[196,118754,118755],{},[15,118756,77226],{},[20,118758,118759,118760,118762],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[30,118761,461],{}," behave the same way.",[20,118764,118765],{},"The main difference is simple:",[193,118767,118768,118776],{},[196,118769,174,118770,118772,118773],{},[15,118771,73783],{}," when you want a ",[30,118774,118775],{},"new sorted result",[196,118777,174,118778,118780,118781],{},[15,118779,77226],{}," when you want to ",[30,118782,118783],{},"change the original list",[20,118785,118786,118787,1751,118789,118791],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,118788,77226],{},[15,118790,849],{}," and causes confusion.",[39,118793,2968],{"id":2967},[44,118795,118797],{"className":46,"code":118796,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,118798,118799,118819,118823,118840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118800,118801,118803,118805,118807,118809,118811,118813,118815,118817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118802,266],{"class":59},[53,118804,64],{"class":63},[53,118806,2982],{"class":67},[53,118808,1412],{"class":273},[53,118810,81],{"class":67},[53,118812,4858],{"class":273},[53,118814,81],{"class":67},[53,118816,279],{"class":273},[53,118818,2995],{"class":67},[53,118820,118821],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118822,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,118824,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,118826,55247],{"class":59},[53,118828,64],{"class":63},[53,118830,73917],{"class":131},[53,118832,116],{"class":67},[53,118834,291],{"class":112},[53,118836,3021],{"class":67},[53,118838,118839],{"class":3024},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[53,118841,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,118843,291],{"class":59},[53,118845,37],{"class":67},[53,118847,34153],{"class":112},[53,118849,6729],{"class":67},[53,118851,118852],{"class":3024},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,118854,174,118855,118857,118858,118860],{},[15,118856,73783],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,118859,77226],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[39,118862,118864],{"id":118863},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[193,118866,118867,118872,118877,118884],{},[196,118868,174,118869,118871],{},[15,118870,73783],{}," to get a new sorted list",[196,118873,174,118874,118876],{},[15,118875,77226],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[196,118878,118879,118880,1751,118882],{},"Understand why ",[15,118881,77226],{},[15,118883,849],{},[196,118885,118886],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[39,118888,183,118889,186],{"id":116966},[15,118890,73783],{},[20,118892,118893,62285],{},[15,118894,73783],{},[20,118896,48285],{},[193,118898,118899,118905,118911],{},[196,118900,118901,118902],{},"returns a ",[30,118903,118904],{},"new list",[196,118906,118907,118908,118910],{},"does ",[30,118909,461],{}," change the original data",[196,118912,118913],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,118915,50492],{},[193,118917,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926],{},[196,118919,4659],{},[196,118921,4662],{},[196,118923,4668],{},[196,118925,4665],{},[196,118927,35265],{},[599,118929,34432,118931,118933],{"id":118930},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,118932,73783],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[44,118935,118937],{"className":46,"code":118936,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,118938,118939,118959,118963,118977,118981,118999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,118940,118941,118943,118945,118947,118949,118951,118953,118955,118957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,118942,266],{"class":59},[53,118944,64],{"class":63},[53,118946,2982],{"class":67},[53,118948,1412],{"class":273},[53,118950,81],{"class":67},[53,118952,4858],{"class":273},[53,118954,81],{"class":67},[53,118956,279],{"class":273},[53,118958,2995],{"class":67},[53,118960,118961],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,118962,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,118964,118965,118967,118969,118971,118973,118975],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,118966,1582],{"class":59},[53,118968,64],{"class":63},[53,118970,73917],{"class":131},[53,118972,116],{"class":67},[53,118974,291],{"class":112},[53,118976,125],{"class":67},[53,118978,118979],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,118980,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,118982,118983,118985,118987,118989,118991,118993,118995,118997],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,118984,132],{"class":131},[53,118986,116],{"class":67},[53,118988,72],{"class":71},[53,118990,11518],{"class":75},[53,118992,72],{"class":71},[53,118994,81],{"class":67},[53,118996,3622],{"class":112},[53,118998,125],{"class":67},[53,119000,119001,119003,119005,119007,119010,119012,119014,119016],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,119002,132],{"class":131},[53,119004,116],{"class":67},[53,119006,72],{"class":71},[53,119008,119009],{"class":75},"sorted result:",[53,119011,72],{"class":71},[53,119013,81],{"class":67},[53,119015,80576],{"class":112},[53,119017,125],{"class":67},[20,119019,119020],{},[30,119021,772],{},[44,119023,119025],{"className":46,"code":119024,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119026,119027,119047],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119028,119029,119031,119033,119035,119037,119039,119041,119043,119045],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119030,11497],{"class":59},[53,119032,191],{"class":67},[53,119034,2982],{"class":67},[53,119036,1412],{"class":273},[53,119038,81],{"class":67},[53,119040,4858],{"class":273},[53,119042,81],{"class":67},[53,119044,279],{"class":273},[53,119046,2995],{"class":67},[53,119048,119049,119051,119053,119055,119057,119059,119061,119063,119065,119067],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119050,73873],{"class":131},[53,119052,80576],{"class":59},[53,119054,191],{"class":67},[53,119056,2982],{"class":67},[53,119058,274],{"class":273},[53,119060,81],{"class":67},[53,119062,279],{"class":273},[53,119064,81],{"class":67},[53,119066,284],{"class":273},[53,119068,2995],{"class":67},[20,119070,119071,119072,119074],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119073,291],{}," stays the same.",[20,119076,119077,119078,37],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[464,119079,2934,119080,2867],{"href":73880},[15,119081,73783],{},[39,119083,183,119084,186],{"id":77292},[15,119085,77226],{},[20,119087,119088,119090],{},[15,119089,63671],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119092,48285],{},[193,119094,119095,119098,119101],{},[196,119096,119097],{},"changes the original list directly",[196,119099,119100],{},"only works on lists",[196,119102,3052,119103],{},[15,119104,849],{},[599,119106,34432,119108,73321],{"id":119107},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119109,77226],{},[44,119111,119113],{"className":46,"code":119112,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119114,119115,119135,119139,119149,119153],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119116,119117,119119,119121,119123,119125,119127,119129,119131,119133],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119118,266],{"class":59},[53,119120,64],{"class":63},[53,119122,2982],{"class":67},[53,119124,1412],{"class":273},[53,119126,81],{"class":67},[53,119128,4858],{"class":273},[53,119130,81],{"class":67},[53,119132,279],{"class":273},[53,119134,2995],{"class":67},[53,119136,119137],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119138,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119140,119141,119143,119145,119147],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119142,291],{"class":59},[53,119144,37],{"class":67},[53,119146,34153],{"class":112},[53,119148,8011],{"class":67},[53,119150,119151],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,119152,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119154,119155,119157,119159,119161],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,119156,132],{"class":131},[53,119158,116],{"class":67},[53,119160,291],{"class":112},[53,119162,125],{"class":67},[20,119164,119165],{},[30,119166,772],{},[44,119168,119169],{"className":46,"code":54508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,119170,119171],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119172,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181,119183,119185],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119174,3260],{"class":67},[53,119176,274],{"class":273},[53,119178,81],{"class":67},[53,119180,279],{"class":273},[53,119182,81],{"class":67},[53,119184,284],{"class":273},[53,119186,2995],{"class":67},[20,119188,119189,119190,119193],{},"After calling ",[15,119191,119192],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119195,119196,119197,37],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[464,119198,2934,119199,830],{"href":74134},[15,119200,77226],{},[39,119202,119204],{"id":119203},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119206,119207],{},"Here is the core difference:",[193,119209,119210,119219],{},[196,119211,119212,119215,119216],{},[15,119213,119214],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[30,119217,119218],{},"new sorted list",[196,119220,119221,119224,119225,73691],{},[15,119222,119223],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119226,7706],{},[599,119228,119230],{"id":119229},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[44,119232,119234],{"className":46,"code":119233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119235,119236,119256,119260,119274,119293,119312,119316,119326],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119237,119238,119240,119242,119244,119246,119248,119250,119252,119254],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119239,266],{"class":59},[53,119241,64],{"class":63},[53,119243,2982],{"class":67},[53,119245,1487],{"class":273},[53,119247,81],{"class":67},[53,119249,279],{"class":273},[53,119251,81],{"class":67},[53,119253,1811],{"class":273},[53,119255,2995],{"class":67},[53,119257,119258],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119259,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119261,119262,119264,119266,119268,119270,119272],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119263,1908],{"class":59},[53,119265,64],{"class":63},[53,119267,73917],{"class":131},[53,119269,116],{"class":67},[53,119271,291],{"class":112},[53,119273,125],{"class":67},[53,119275,119276,119278,119280,119282,119285,119287,119289,119291],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,119277,132],{"class":131},[53,119279,116],{"class":67},[53,119281,72],{"class":71},[53,119283,119284],{"class":75},"numbers after sorted():",[53,119286,72],{"class":71},[53,119288,81],{"class":67},[53,119290,3622],{"class":112},[53,119292,125],{"class":67},[53,119294,119295,119297,119299,119301,119304,119306,119308,119310],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,119296,132],{"class":131},[53,119298,116],{"class":67},[53,119300,72],{"class":71},[53,119302,119303],{"class":75},"a:",[53,119305,72],{"class":71},[53,119307,81],{"class":67},[53,119309,56245],{"class":112},[53,119311,125],{"class":67},[53,119313,119314],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,119315,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119317,119318,119320,119322,119324],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,119319,291],{"class":59},[53,119321,37],{"class":67},[53,119323,34153],{"class":112},[53,119325,8011],{"class":67},[53,119327,119328,119330,119332,119334,119337,119339,119341,119343],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,119329,132],{"class":131},[53,119331,116],{"class":67},[53,119333,72],{"class":71},[53,119335,119336],{"class":75},"numbers after sort():",[53,119338,72],{"class":71},[53,119340,81],{"class":67},[53,119342,3622],{"class":112},[53,119344,125],{"class":67},[20,119346,119347],{},[30,119348,772],{},[44,119350,119352],{"className":46,"code":119351,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119353,119354,119377,119397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119355,119356,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119357,119358],{"class":59},"numbers after ",[53,119360,73873],{"class":131},[53,119362,28940],{"class":67},[53,119364,2982],{"class":67},[53,119366,1487],{"class":273},[53,119368,81],{"class":67},[53,119370,279],{"class":273},[53,119372,81],{"class":67},[53,119374,1811],{"class":273},[53,119376,2995],{"class":67},[53,119378,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119380,464],{"class":59},[53,119382,191],{"class":67},[53,119384,2982],{"class":67},[53,119386,300],{"class":273},[53,119388,81],{"class":67},[53,119390,1811],{"class":273},[53,119392,81],{"class":67},[53,119394,3963],{"class":273},[53,119396,2995],{"class":67},[53,119398,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409,119411,119413,119415,119417],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119400,119358],{"class":59},[53,119402,34153],{"class":112},[53,119404,28940],{"class":67},[53,119406,2982],{"class":67},[53,119408,300],{"class":273},[53,119410,81],{"class":67},[53,119412,1811],{"class":273},[53,119414,81],{"class":67},[53,119416,3963],{"class":273},[53,119418,2995],{"class":67},[20,119420,10080],{},[193,119422,119423,119428],{},[196,119424,119425,119427],{},[15,119426,73783],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[196,119429,119430,119432],{},[15,119431,63671],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[39,119434,4319,119436],{"id":119435},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119437,73783],{},[20,119439,174,119440,9968],{},[15,119441,73783],{},[193,119443,119444,119447,119449,119452],{},[196,119445,119446],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[196,119448,118216],{},[196,119450,119451],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[196,119453,119454],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[599,119456,119458],{"id":119457},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[44,119460,119462],{"className":46,"code":119461,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119463,119464,119488,119492,119506,119510,119520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119465,119466,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478,119480,119482,119484,119486],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119467,266],{"class":59},[53,119469,64],{"class":63},[53,119471,8605],{"class":67},[53,119473,1858],{"class":273},[53,119475,81],{"class":67},[53,119477,4858],{"class":273},[53,119479,81],{"class":67},[53,119481,284],{"class":273},[53,119483,81],{"class":67},[53,119485,279],{"class":273},[53,119487,125],{"class":67},[53,119489,119490],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119491,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119493,119494,119496,119498,119500,119502,119504],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119495,1582],{"class":59},[53,119497,64],{"class":63},[53,119499,73917],{"class":131},[53,119501,116],{"class":67},[53,119503,291],{"class":112},[53,119505,125],{"class":67},[53,119507,119508],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,119509,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119511,119512,119514,119516,119518],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,119513,132],{"class":131},[53,119515,116],{"class":67},[53,119517,1617],{"class":112},[53,119519,125],{"class":67},[53,119521,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530,119532],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,119523,132],{"class":131},[53,119525,116],{"class":67},[53,119527,2578],{"class":550},[53,119529,116],{"class":67},[53,119531,1617],{"class":112},[53,119533,1377],{"class":67},[20,119535,119536],{},[30,119537,772],{},[44,119539,119541],{"className":46,"code":119540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119542,119543,119563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119544,119545,119547,119549,119551,119553,119555,119557,119559,119561],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119546,3260],{"class":67},[53,119548,274],{"class":273},[53,119550,81],{"class":67},[53,119552,279],{"class":273},[53,119554,81],{"class":67},[53,119556,284],{"class":273},[53,119558,81],{"class":67},[53,119560,1811],{"class":273},[53,119562,2995],{"class":67},[53,119564,119565,119567,119569,119571,119573,119575],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119566,2647],{"class":63},[53,119568,2650],{"class":1415},[53,119570,165],{"class":71},[53,119572,7460],{"class":75},[53,119574,156],{"class":71},[53,119576,2659],{"class":63},[20,119578,1639,119579,119581,119582,37],{},[15,119580,73783],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[30,119583,7460],{},[20,119585,119586,119587,119589],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[464,119588,52130],{"href":50338}," is a helpful next step.",[39,119591,4319,119593],{"id":119592},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119594,77226],{},[20,119596,174,119597,9968],{},[15,119598,77226],{},[193,119600,119601,119604,119607,119610],{},[196,119602,119603],{},"you already have a list",[196,119605,119606],{},"you want to update that list directly",[196,119608,119609],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[196,119611,119612],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[599,119614,119616],{"id":119615},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[44,119618,119620],{"className":46,"code":119619,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119621,119622,119654,119658,119668,119672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119623,119624,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636,119638,119640,119642,119644,119646,119648,119650,119652],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119625,4353],{"class":59},[53,119627,64],{"class":63},[53,119629,2982],{"class":67},[53,119631,72],{"class":71},[53,119633,4380],{"class":75},[53,119635,72],{"class":71},[53,119637,81],{"class":67},[53,119639,84],{"class":71},[53,119641,4362],{"class":75},[53,119643,72],{"class":71},[53,119645,81],{"class":67},[53,119647,84],{"class":71},[53,119649,4371],{"class":75},[53,119651,72],{"class":71},[53,119653,2995],{"class":67},[53,119655,119656],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119657,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119659,119660,119662,119664,119666],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119661,4397],{"class":59},[53,119663,37],{"class":67},[53,119665,34153],{"class":112},[53,119667,8011],{"class":67},[53,119669,119670],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,119671,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119673,119674,119676,119678,119680],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,119675,132],{"class":131},[53,119677,116],{"class":67},[53,119679,4397],{"class":112},[53,119681,125],{"class":67},[20,119683,119684],{},[30,119685,772],{},[44,119687,119689],{"className":46,"code":119688,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,119690,119691],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119692,119693,119695,119697,119699,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119694,3260],{"class":67},[53,119696,156],{"class":71},[53,119698,4362],{"class":75},[53,119700,156],{"class":71},[53,119702,81],{"class":67},[53,119704,165],{"class":71},[53,119706,4371],{"class":75},[53,119708,156],{"class":71},[53,119710,81],{"class":67},[53,119712,165],{"class":71},[53,119714,4380],{"class":75},[53,119716,156],{"class":71},[53,119718,2995],{"class":67},[20,119720,119721],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,119723,119724,119725,37],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[464,119726,79232],{"href":77735},[39,119728,119730,594,119732,119734],{"id":119729},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,119731,72936],{},[15,119733,14201],{}," work with both",[20,119736,9957,119737,594,119739,119741],{},[15,119738,73783],{},[15,119740,77226],{}," support:",[193,119743,119744,119749],{},[196,119745,119746,119748],{},[15,119747,77450],{}," for descending order",[196,119750,119751,119754],{},[15,119752,119753],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,119756,119757],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[599,119759,119761],{"id":119760},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[44,119763,119765],{"className":46,"code":119764,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119766,119767,119787,119791,119813,119817,119835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119768,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781,119783,119785],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119770,266],{"class":59},[53,119772,64],{"class":63},[53,119774,2982],{"class":67},[53,119776,1412],{"class":273},[53,119778,81],{"class":67},[53,119780,4858],{"class":273},[53,119782,81],{"class":67},[53,119784,279],{"class":273},[53,119786,2995],{"class":67},[53,119788,119789],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119790,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119792,119793,119795,119797,119799,119801,119803,119805,119807,119809,119811],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119794,132],{"class":131},[53,119796,116],{"class":67},[53,119798,73873],{"class":131},[53,119800,116],{"class":67},[53,119802,291],{"class":112},[53,119804,81],{"class":67},[53,119806,77429],{"class":8544},[53,119808,64],{"class":63},[53,119810,2963],{"class":938},[53,119812,1377],{"class":67},[53,119814,119815],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,119816,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119818,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831,119833],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,119820,291],{"class":59},[53,119822,37],{"class":67},[53,119824,34153],{"class":112},[53,119826,116],{"class":67},[53,119828,72936],{"class":8544},[53,119830,64],{"class":63},[53,119832,2963],{"class":938},[53,119834,125],{"class":67},[53,119836,119837,119839,119841,119843],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,119838,132],{"class":131},[53,119840,116],{"class":67},[53,119842,291],{"class":112},[53,119844,125],{"class":67},[20,119846,119847],{},[30,119848,772],{},[44,119850,119852],{"className":46,"code":119851,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,119853,119854,119870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119855,119856,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119857,3260],{"class":67},[53,119859,1412],{"class":273},[53,119861,81],{"class":67},[53,119863,279],{"class":273},[53,119865,81],{"class":67},[53,119867,4858],{"class":273},[53,119869,2995],{"class":67},[53,119871,119872,119874,119876,119878,119880,119882,119884],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119873,3260],{"class":67},[53,119875,1412],{"class":273},[53,119877,81],{"class":67},[53,119879,279],{"class":273},[53,119881,81],{"class":67},[53,119883,4858],{"class":273},[53,119885,2995],{"class":67},[599,119887,119889],{"id":119888},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[44,119891,119893],{"className":46,"code":119892,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,119894,119895,119927,119931,119957,119961,119983],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,119896,119897,119899,119901,119903,119905,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923,119925],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,119898,3431],{"class":59},[53,119900,64],{"class":63},[53,119902,2982],{"class":67},[53,119904,72],{"class":71},[53,119906,82722],{"class":75},[53,119908,72],{"class":71},[53,119910,81],{"class":67},[53,119912,84],{"class":71},[53,119914,356],{"class":75},[53,119916,72],{"class":71},[53,119918,81],{"class":67},[53,119920,84],{"class":71},[53,119922,118081],{"class":75},[53,119924,72],{"class":71},[53,119926,2995],{"class":67},[53,119928,119929],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,119930,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119932,119933,119935,119937,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,119934,132],{"class":131},[53,119936,116],{"class":67},[53,119938,73873],{"class":131},[53,119940,116],{"class":67},[53,119942,3473],{"class":112},[53,119944,81],{"class":67},[53,119946,20934],{"class":8544},[53,119948,64],{"class":63},[53,119950,2801],{"class":550},[53,119952,37],{"class":67},[53,119954,8008],{"class":24104},[53,119956,1377],{"class":67},[53,119958,119959],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,119960,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969,119971,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,119964,3473],{"class":59},[53,119966,37],{"class":67},[53,119968,34153],{"class":112},[53,119970,116],{"class":67},[53,119972,14201],{"class":8544},[53,119974,64],{"class":63},[53,119976,2801],{"class":550},[53,119978,37],{"class":67},[53,119980,8008],{"class":24104},[53,119982,125],{"class":67},[53,119984,119985,119987,119989,119991],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,119986,132],{"class":131},[53,119988,116],{"class":67},[53,119990,3473],{"class":112},[53,119992,125],{"class":67},[20,119994,119995],{},[30,119996,772],{},[44,119998,120000],{"className":46,"code":119999,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120001,120002,120030],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120003,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016,120018,120020,120022,120024,120026,120028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120005,3260],{"class":67},[53,120007,156],{"class":71},[53,120009,356],{"class":75},[53,120011,156],{"class":71},[53,120013,81],{"class":67},[53,120015,165],{"class":71},[53,120017,82722],{"class":75},[53,120019,156],{"class":71},[53,120021,81],{"class":67},[53,120023,165],{"class":71},[53,120025,118081],{"class":75},[53,120027,156],{"class":71},[53,120029,2995],{"class":67},[53,120031,120032,120034,120036,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120033,3260],{"class":67},[53,120035,156],{"class":71},[53,120037,356],{"class":75},[53,120039,156],{"class":71},[53,120041,81],{"class":67},[53,120043,165],{"class":71},[53,120045,82722],{"class":75},[53,120047,156],{"class":71},[53,120049,81],{"class":67},[53,120051,165],{"class":71},[53,120053,118081],{"class":75},[53,120055,156],{"class":71},[53,120057,2995],{"class":67},[20,120059,7785,120060,120062],{},[15,120061,77944],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120064,120065,120066,37],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[464,120067,120069],{"href":120068},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[39,120071,120073],{"id":120072},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120075,120076],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[599,120078,120080,120081,11962],{"id":120079},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120082,77226],{},[20,120084,120085],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[44,120087,120089],{"className":46,"code":120088,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120090,120091,120111,120115,120129,120133,120143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120092,120093,120095,120097,120099,120101,120103,120105,120107,120109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120094,266],{"class":59},[53,120096,64],{"class":63},[53,120098,2982],{"class":67},[53,120100,1412],{"class":273},[53,120102,81],{"class":67},[53,120104,4858],{"class":273},[53,120106,81],{"class":67},[53,120108,279],{"class":273},[53,120110,2995],{"class":67},[53,120112,120113],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120114,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120116,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,120118,1582],{"class":59},[53,120120,64],{"class":63},[53,120122,3622],{"class":59},[53,120124,37],{"class":67},[53,120126,34153],{"class":112},[53,120128,8011],{"class":67},[53,120130,120131],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,120132,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120134,120135,120137,120139,120141],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,120136,132],{"class":131},[53,120138,116],{"class":67},[53,120140,1617],{"class":112},[53,120142,125],{"class":67},[53,120144,120145,120147,120149,120151],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,120146,132],{"class":131},[53,120148,116],{"class":67},[53,120150,291],{"class":112},[53,120152,125],{"class":67},[20,120154,120155],{},[30,120156,772],{},[44,120158,120159],{"className":46,"code":78567,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120160,120161,120165],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120162,120163],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120164,931],{"class":938},[53,120166,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175,120177,120179],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120168,3260],{"class":67},[53,120170,274],{"class":273},[53,120172,81],{"class":67},[53,120174,279],{"class":273},[53,120176,81],{"class":67},[53,120178,284],{"class":273},[53,120180,2995],{"class":67},[20,120182,11264],{},[193,120184,120185,120190,120195],{},[196,120186,120187,120189],{},[15,120188,119192],{}," sorts the list in place",[196,120191,34369,120192,120194],{},[30,120193,461],{}," return the sorted list",[196,120196,89346,120197,41510,120199],{},[15,120198,1617],{},[15,120200,849],{},[599,120202,120204,120205,120207],{"id":120203},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120206,73783],{}," to change the original list",[44,120209,120211],{"className":46,"code":120210,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120212,120213,120233,120237,120247,120251],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120214,120215,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120216,266],{"class":59},[53,120218,64],{"class":63},[53,120220,2982],{"class":67},[53,120222,1412],{"class":273},[53,120224,81],{"class":67},[53,120226,4858],{"class":273},[53,120228,81],{"class":67},[53,120230,279],{"class":273},[53,120232,2995],{"class":67},[53,120234,120235],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120236,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120238,120239,120241,120243,120245],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,120240,73873],{"class":131},[53,120242,116],{"class":67},[53,120244,291],{"class":112},[53,120246,125],{"class":67},[53,120248,120249],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,120250,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120252,120253,120255,120257,120259],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,120254,132],{"class":131},[53,120256,116],{"class":67},[53,120258,291],{"class":112},[53,120260,125],{"class":67},[20,120262,120263],{},[30,120264,772],{},[44,120266,120267],{"className":46,"code":118413,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120268,120269],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120270,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120272,3260],{"class":67},[53,120274,1412],{"class":273},[53,120276,81],{"class":67},[53,120278,4858],{"class":273},[53,120280,81],{"class":67},[53,120282,279],{"class":273},[53,120284,2995],{"class":67},[20,120286,120287,120290],{},[15,120288,120289],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120292,10174],{},[44,120294,120296],{"className":46,"code":120295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120297,120298,120318,120322,120336,120340],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120299,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120301,266],{"class":59},[53,120303,64],{"class":63},[53,120305,2982],{"class":67},[53,120307,1412],{"class":273},[53,120309,81],{"class":67},[53,120311,4858],{"class":273},[53,120313,81],{"class":67},[53,120315,279],{"class":273},[53,120317,2995],{"class":67},[53,120319,120320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120321,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120323,120324,120326,120328,120330,120332,120334],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,120325,54999],{"class":59},[53,120327,64],{"class":63},[53,120329,73917],{"class":131},[53,120331,116],{"class":67},[53,120333,291],{"class":112},[53,120335,125],{"class":67},[53,120337,120338],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,120339,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120341,120342,120344,120346,120348],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,120343,132],{"class":131},[53,120345,116],{"class":67},[53,120347,55018],{"class":112},[53,120349,125],{"class":67},[599,120351,120353,120354,120356],{"id":120352},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120355,63671],{}," on a tuple or string",[44,120358,120359],{"className":46,"code":78669,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,120360,120361,120373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120362,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120364,34042],{"class":59},[53,120366,64],{"class":63},[53,120368,84],{"class":71},[53,120370,48],{"class":75},[53,120372,2715],{"class":71},[53,120374,120375,120377,120379,120381],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120376,34063],{"class":59},[53,120378,37],{"class":67},[53,120380,34153],{"class":112},[53,120382,8011],{"class":67},[20,120384,120385,120386,32954],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120387,63671],{},[20,120389,120390,120392],{},[15,120391,63671],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120394,120395,120396,120398,120399,37],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120397,73783],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[464,120400,4495],{"href":4947},[599,120402,120404,120405,118450],{"id":120403},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120406,73783],{},[44,120408,120410],{"className":46,"code":120409,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120411,120412,120425,120439,120443,120453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120413,120414,120416,120418,120420,120423],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120415,34042],{"class":59},[53,120417,64],{"class":63},[53,120419,84],{"class":71},[53,120421,120422],{"class":75},"cab",[53,120424,2715],{"class":71},[53,120426,120427,120429,120431,120433,120435,120437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120428,1582],{"class":59},[53,120430,64],{"class":63},[53,120432,73917],{"class":131},[53,120434,116],{"class":67},[53,120436,34063],{"class":112},[53,120438,125],{"class":67},[53,120440,120441],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,120442,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120444,120445,120447,120449,120451],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,120446,132],{"class":131},[53,120448,116],{"class":67},[53,120450,1617],{"class":112},[53,120452,125],{"class":67},[53,120454,120455,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,120456,132],{"class":131},[53,120458,116],{"class":67},[53,120460,2578],{"class":550},[53,120462,116],{"class":67},[53,120464,1617],{"class":112},[53,120466,1377],{"class":67},[20,120468,120469],{},[30,120470,772],{},[44,120472,120474],{"className":46,"code":120473,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120475,120476,120504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120477,120478,120480,120482,120484,120486,120488,120490,120492,120494,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120479,3260],{"class":67},[53,120481,156],{"class":71},[53,120483,464],{"class":75},[53,120485,156],{"class":71},[53,120487,81],{"class":67},[53,120489,165],{"class":71},[53,120491,637],{"class":75},[53,120493,156],{"class":71},[53,120495,81],{"class":67},[53,120497,165],{"class":71},[53,120499,646],{"class":75},[53,120501,156],{"class":71},[53,120503,2995],{"class":67},[53,120505,120506,120508,120510,120512,120514,120516],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120507,2647],{"class":63},[53,120509,2650],{"class":1415},[53,120511,165],{"class":71},[53,120513,7460],{"class":75},[53,120515,156],{"class":71},[53,120517,2659],{"class":63},[20,120519,120520],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[39,120522,112971],{"id":112970},[20,120524,120525],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[193,120527,120528,120531,120536,120541,120547],{},[196,120529,120530],{},"confusing a function with a method",[196,120532,120533,120534,53003],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120535,63671],{},[196,120537,120538,120539,11962],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120540,77226],{},[196,120542,120543,120544,120546],{},"trying to use ",[15,120545,63671],{}," on non-list data types",[196,120548,49864,120549,120551],{},[15,120550,73783],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120553,120554],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[44,120556,120558],{"className":46,"code":120557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120559,120560,120570,120584,120609,120624,120634],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120561,120562,120564,120566,120568],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120563,132],{"class":131},[53,120565,116],{"class":67},[53,120567,7706],{"class":112},[53,120569,125],{"class":67},[53,120571,120572,120574,120576,120578,120580,120582],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120573,132],{"class":131},[53,120575,116],{"class":67},[53,120577,73873],{"class":131},[53,120579,116],{"class":67},[53,120581,7706],{"class":112},[53,120583,1377],{"class":67},[53,120585,120586,120588,120590,120592,120594,120596,120598,120601,120603,120605,120607],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,120587,1582],{"class":59},[53,120589,64],{"class":63},[53,120591,7763],{"class":59},[53,120593,37],{"class":67},[53,120595,34153],{"class":112},[53,120597,6729],{"class":67},[53,120599,120600],{"class":59},"; ",[53,120602,132],{"class":131},[53,120604,116],{"class":67},[53,120606,1617],{"class":112},[53,120608,125],{"class":67},[53,120610,120611,120613,120615,120617,120619,120622],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,120612,132],{"class":131},[53,120614,116],{"class":67},[53,120616,2578],{"class":550},[53,120618,116],{"class":67},[53,120620,120621],{"class":112},"my_data",[53,120623,1377],{"class":67},[53,120625,120626,120628,120630,120632],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,120627,31506],{"class":131},[53,120629,116],{"class":67},[53,120631,73873],{"class":131},[53,120633,125],{"class":67},[53,120635,120636,120638,120640,120642,120644,120646],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,120637,31506],{"class":131},[53,120639,116],{"class":67},[53,120641,7460],{"class":550},[53,120643,37],{"class":67},[53,120645,34153],{"class":24104},[53,120647,125],{"class":67},[20,120649,83732],{},[193,120651,120652,120655,120659,120667],{},[196,120653,120654],{},"whether your original list changed",[196,120656,25374,120657,11070],{},[15,120658,73783],{},[196,120660,120661,120662,120664,120665],{},"whether ",[15,120663,63671],{}," returned ",[15,120666,849],{},[196,120668,120669],{},"what type of object you are working with",[39,120671,120673],{"id":120672},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,120675,120676],{},"Use this rule:",[193,120678,120679,120687],{},[196,120680,120681,120682,120684,120685],{},"Need a ",[30,120683,118775],{},": use ",[15,120686,73783],{},[196,120688,120689,120690,120684,120693],{},"Need to ",[30,120691,120692],{},"change one list directly",[15,120694,77226],{},[20,120696,120697,120698,120700],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,120699,73783],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[39,120702,1187],{"id":1186},[599,120704,120706,120707,1219,120709,1222],{"id":120705},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,120708,73783],{},[15,120710,77226],{},[20,120712,120713,120715],{},[15,120714,73783],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[599,120717,4517,120719,4520,120721,1222],{"id":120718},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,120720,77226],{},[15,120722,849],{},[20,120724,120725],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[599,120727,1234,120729,120731],{"id":120728},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,120730,73783],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,120733,120734],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[599,120736,27684,120738,120740],{"id":120737},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,120739,63671],{}," on a string?",[20,120742,45722,120743,120745,120746,39283],{},[15,120744,63671],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,120747,120748],{},"sorted(string)",[599,120750,11183,120752,594,120754,120756],{"id":120751},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,120753,73783],{},[15,120755,63671],{}," both support descending order?",[20,120758,120759,120760,37],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,120761,77450],{},[39,120763,1244],{"id":1243},[193,120765,120766,120772,120778,120782,120786],{},[196,120767,120768],{},[464,120769,2934,120770,2867],{"href":73880},[15,120771,73783],{},[196,120773,120774],{},[464,120775,2934,120776,830],{"href":74134},[15,120777,77226],{},[196,120779,120780],{},[464,120781,79232],{"href":77735},[196,120783,120784],{},[464,120785,120069],{"href":120068},[196,120787,120788],{},[464,120789,52130],{"href":50338},[1276,120791,120792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":120794},[120795,120796,120797,120801,120805,120808,120812,120816,120821,120831,120832,120833,120845],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":118863,"depth":104,"text":118864},{"id":116966,"depth":104,"text":118688,"children":120798},[120799],{"id":118930,"depth":128,"text":120800},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77292,"depth":104,"text":79254,"children":120802},[120803],{"id":119107,"depth":128,"text":120804},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119203,"depth":104,"text":119204,"children":120806},[120807],{"id":119229,"depth":128,"text":119230},{"id":119435,"depth":104,"text":120809,"children":120810},"When to use sorted()",[120811],{"id":119457,"depth":128,"text":119458},{"id":119592,"depth":104,"text":120813,"children":120814},"When to use list.sort()",[120815],{"id":119615,"depth":128,"text":119616},{"id":119729,"depth":104,"text":120817,"children":120818},"reverse and key work with both",[120819,120820],{"id":119760,"depth":128,"text":119761},{"id":119888,"depth":128,"text":119889},{"id":120072,"depth":104,"text":120073,"children":120822},[120823,120825,120827,120829],{"id":120079,"depth":128,"text":120824},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120203,"depth":128,"text":120826},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120352,"depth":128,"text":120828},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120403,"depth":128,"text":120830},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":112970,"depth":104,"text":112971},{"id":120672,"depth":104,"text":120673},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":120834},[120835,120837,120839,120841,120843],{"id":120705,"depth":128,"text":120836},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":120718,"depth":128,"text":120838},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":120728,"depth":128,"text":120840},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":120737,"depth":128,"text":120842},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":120751,"depth":128,"text":120844},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":118734,"description":120846},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":120852,"title":41531,"body":120853,"description":122585,"extension":1312,"meta":122586,"navigation":383,"path":122587,"seo":122588,"stem":122589,"__hash__":122590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":120854,"toc":122542},[120855,120860,120865,120871,120873,120928,120932,120955,120960,120965,120970,120972,121003,121006,121020,121022,121024,121039,121044,121048,121051,121102,121106,121120,121127,121131,121135,121190,121194,121217,121221,121277,121281,121304,121308,121363,121367,121390,121394,121461,121465,121500,121506,121511,121516,121518,121532,121534,121608,121612,121632,121637,121644,121647,121659,121661,121730,121734,121771,121774,121799,121806,121815,121818,121830,121836,121842,121844,121850,121855,121934,121938,121979,121983,121985,122012,122015,122038,122041,122047,122050,122087,122099,122106,122108,122159,122162,122194,122197,122199,122206,122208,122223,122225,122282,122286,122310,122312,122317,122333,122340,122344,122347,122430,122440,122442,122447,122450,122456,122459,122465,122468,122474,122477,122484,122492,122494,122539],[10,120856,2934,120858,2938],{"id":120857},"python-str-function-explained",[15,120859,47041],{},[20,120861,31671,120862,120864],{},[15,120863,47041],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,120866,120867,120868,120870],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,120869,47041],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[39,120872,42],{"id":41},[44,120874,120876],{"className":46,"code":120875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,120877,120878,120886,120900,120904,120914],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120879,120880,120882,120884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120881,20983],{"class":59},[53,120883,64],{"class":63},[53,120885,44582],{"class":273},[53,120887,120888,120890,120892,120894,120896,120898],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120889,34042],{"class":59},[53,120891,64],{"class":63},[53,120893,48262],{"class":550},[53,120895,116],{"class":67},[53,120897,8667],{"class":112},[53,120899,125],{"class":67},[53,120901,120902],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,120903,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,120905,120906,120908,120910,120912],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,120907,132],{"class":131},[53,120909,116],{"class":67},[53,120911,34063],{"class":112},[53,120913,125],{"class":67},[53,120915,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924,120926],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,120917,132],{"class":131},[53,120919,116],{"class":67},[53,120921,2578],{"class":550},[53,120923,116],{"class":67},[53,120925,34063],{"class":112},[53,120927,1377],{"class":67},[20,120929,120930],{},[30,120931,772],{},[44,120933,120935],{"className":46,"code":120934,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,120936,120937,120941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,120938,120939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,120940,2063],{"class":273},[53,120942,120943,120945,120947,120949,120951,120953],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,120944,2647],{"class":63},[53,120946,2650],{"class":1415},[53,120948,165],{"class":71},[53,120950,2801],{"class":75},[53,120952,156],{"class":71},[53,120954,2659],{"class":63},[20,120956,174,120957,120959],{},[15,120958,47041],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[39,120961,183,120963,186],{"id":120962},"what-str-does",[15,120964,47041],{},[20,120966,120967,120969],{},[15,120968,47041],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,120971,1457],{},[193,120973,120974,120981,120988,120995],{},[196,120975,120976,120977,41510,120979],{},"An integer like ",[15,120978,1684],{},[15,120980,41481],{},[196,120982,120983,120984,41510,120986],{},"A float like ",[15,120985,39497],{},[15,120987,47452],{},[196,120989,120990,120991,41510,120993],{},"A boolean like ",[15,120992,2963],{},[15,120994,6004],{},[196,120996,120997,120998,41510,121000],{},"A list like ",[15,120999,74605],{},[15,121001,121002],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121004,121005],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[193,121007,121008,121011,121014,121017],{},[196,121009,121010],{},"print it",[196,121012,121013],{},"combine it with other strings",[196,121015,121016],{},"save it to a file",[196,121018,121019],{},"use it in messages",[39,121021,217],{"id":216},[20,121023,6581],{},[44,121025,121027],{"className":46,"code":121026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"str(object)\n",[15,121028,121029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121030,121031,121033,121035,121037],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121032,2801],{"class":550},[53,121034,116],{"class":67},[53,121036,41754],{"class":550},[53,121038,125],{"class":67},[20,121040,20127,121041,121043],{},[15,121042,41754],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121045,121046,7592],{},[15,121047,47041],{},[20,121049,121050],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[44,121052,121054],{"className":46,"code":121053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121055,121056,121065,121088,121092],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121057,121058,121060,121062],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121059,4454],{"class":59},[53,121061,64],{"class":63},[53,121063,121064],{"class":273}," 100\n",[53,121066,121067,121069,121071,121073,121076,121078,121080,121082,121084,121086],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121068,89366],{"class":59},[53,121070,64],{"class":63},[53,121072,84],{"class":71},[53,121074,121075],{"class":75},"Your score is ",[53,121077,72],{"class":71},[53,121079,1808],{"class":63},[53,121081,48262],{"class":550},[53,121083,116],{"class":67},[53,121085,84879],{"class":112},[53,121087,125],{"class":67},[53,121089,121090],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121091,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121093,121094,121096,121098,121100],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121095,132],{"class":131},[53,121097,116],{"class":67},[53,121099,89383],{"class":112},[53,121101,125],{"class":67},[20,121103,121104],{},[30,121105,772],{},[44,121107,121109],{"className":46,"code":121108,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121110,121111],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121112,121113,121116,121118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121114,121115],{"class":59},"Your score ",[53,121117,11558],{"class":63},[53,121119,121064],{"class":273},[20,121121,1649,121122,121126],{},[464,121123,121124,1656],{"href":1652},[15,121125,1655],{}," can help you check.",[39,121128,121130],{"id":121129},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[599,121132,121134],{"id":121133},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[44,121136,121138],{"className":46,"code":121137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121139,121140,121148,121162,121166,121176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121141,121142,121144,121146],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121143,1569],{"class":59},[53,121145,64],{"class":63},[53,121147,1941],{"class":273},[53,121149,121150,121152,121154,121156,121158,121160],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121151,34042],{"class":59},[53,121153,64],{"class":63},[53,121155,48262],{"class":550},[53,121157,116],{"class":67},[53,121159,1592],{"class":112},[53,121161,125],{"class":67},[53,121163,121164],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121165,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121167,121168,121170,121172,121174],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121169,132],{"class":131},[53,121171,116],{"class":67},[53,121173,34063],{"class":112},[53,121175,125],{"class":67},[53,121177,121178,121180,121182,121184,121186,121188],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121179,132],{"class":131},[53,121181,116],{"class":67},[53,121183,2578],{"class":550},[53,121185,116],{"class":67},[53,121187,34063],{"class":112},[53,121189,1377],{"class":67},[20,121191,121192],{},[30,121193,772],{},[44,121195,121197],{"className":46,"code":121196,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121198,121199,121203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121200,121201],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121202,1730],{"class":273},[53,121204,121205,121207,121209,121211,121213,121215],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121206,2647],{"class":63},[53,121208,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121210,165],{"class":71},[53,121212,2801],{"class":75},[53,121214,156],{"class":71},[53,121216,2659],{"class":63},[599,121218,121220],{"id":121219},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[44,121222,121224],{"className":46,"code":121223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121225,121226,121235,121249,121253,121263],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121227,121228,121230,121232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121229,39741],{"class":59},[53,121231,64],{"class":63},[53,121233,121234],{"class":273}," 3.14\n",[53,121236,121237,121239,121241,121243,121245,121247],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121238,34042],{"class":59},[53,121240,64],{"class":63},[53,121242,48262],{"class":550},[53,121244,116],{"class":67},[53,121246,24504],{"class":112},[53,121248,125],{"class":67},[53,121250,121251],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121252,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121254,121255,121257,121259,121261],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121256,132],{"class":131},[53,121258,116],{"class":67},[53,121260,34063],{"class":112},[53,121262,125],{"class":67},[53,121264,121265,121267,121269,121271,121273,121275],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121266,132],{"class":131},[53,121268,116],{"class":67},[53,121270,2578],{"class":550},[53,121272,116],{"class":67},[53,121274,34063],{"class":112},[53,121276,1377],{"class":67},[20,121278,121279],{},[30,121280,772],{},[44,121282,121284],{"className":46,"code":121283,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121285,121286,121290],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121287,121288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121289,39531],{"class":273},[53,121291,121292,121294,121296,121298,121300,121302],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121293,2647],{"class":63},[53,121295,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121297,165],{"class":71},[53,121299,2801],{"class":75},[53,121301,156],{"class":71},[53,121303,2659],{"class":63},[599,121305,121307],{"id":121306},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[44,121309,121311],{"className":46,"code":121310,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121312,121313,121321,121335,121339,121349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121314,121315,121317,121319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121316,1801],{"class":59},[53,121318,64],{"class":63},[53,121320,5785],{"class":938},[53,121322,121323,121325,121327,121329,121331,121333],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121324,34042],{"class":59},[53,121326,64],{"class":63},[53,121328,48262],{"class":550},[53,121330,116],{"class":67},[53,121332,236],{"class":112},[53,121334,125],{"class":67},[53,121336,121337],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121338,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121340,121341,121343,121345,121347],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121342,132],{"class":131},[53,121344,116],{"class":67},[53,121346,34063],{"class":112},[53,121348,125],{"class":67},[53,121350,121351,121353,121355,121357,121359,121361],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121352,132],{"class":131},[53,121354,116],{"class":67},[53,121356,2578],{"class":550},[53,121358,116],{"class":67},[53,121360,34063],{"class":112},[53,121362,1377],{"class":67},[20,121364,121365],{},[30,121366,772],{},[44,121368,121370],{"className":46,"code":121369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121371,121372,121376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121373,121374],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121375,3340],{"class":938},[53,121377,121378,121380,121382,121384,121386,121388],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121379,2647],{"class":63},[53,121381,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121383,165],{"class":71},[53,121385,2801],{"class":75},[53,121387,156],{"class":71},[53,121389,2659],{"class":63},[599,121391,121393],{"id":121392},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[44,121395,121397],{"className":46,"code":121396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121398,121399,121419,121433,121437,121447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121400,121401,121403,121405,121407,121409,121411,121413,121415,121417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121402,7144],{"class":59},[53,121404,64],{"class":63},[53,121406,2982],{"class":67},[53,121408,274],{"class":273},[53,121410,81],{"class":67},[53,121412,279],{"class":273},[53,121414,81],{"class":67},[53,121416,284],{"class":273},[53,121418,2995],{"class":67},[53,121420,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429,121431],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121422,34042],{"class":59},[53,121424,64],{"class":63},[53,121426,48262],{"class":550},[53,121428,116],{"class":67},[53,121430,7175],{"class":112},[53,121432,125],{"class":67},[53,121434,121435],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121436,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121438,121439,121441,121443,121445],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121440,132],{"class":131},[53,121442,116],{"class":67},[53,121444,34063],{"class":112},[53,121446,125],{"class":67},[53,121448,121449,121451,121453,121455,121457,121459],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121450,132],{"class":131},[53,121452,116],{"class":67},[53,121454,2578],{"class":550},[53,121456,116],{"class":67},[53,121458,34063],{"class":112},[53,121460,1377],{"class":67},[20,121462,121463],{},[30,121464,772],{},[44,121466,121468],{"className":46,"code":121467,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121469,121470,121486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121471,121472,121474,121476,121478,121480,121482,121484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121473,3260],{"class":67},[53,121475,274],{"class":273},[53,121477,81],{"class":67},[53,121479,279],{"class":273},[53,121481,81],{"class":67},[53,121483,284],{"class":273},[53,121485,2995],{"class":67},[53,121487,121488,121490,121492,121494,121496,121498],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121489,2647],{"class":63},[53,121491,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121493,165],{"class":71},[53,121495,2801],{"class":75},[53,121497,156],{"class":71},[53,121499,2659],{"class":63},[20,121501,121502,121503,121505],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[30,121504,461],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[39,121507,4319,121509],{"id":121508},"when-to-use-str",[15,121510,47041],{},[20,121512,174,121513,121515],{},[15,121514,47041],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121517,35778],{},[193,121519,121520,121523,121526,121529],{},[196,121521,121522],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[196,121524,121525],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[196,121527,121528],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[196,121530,121531],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121533,1559],{},[44,121535,121537],{"className":46,"code":121536,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121538,121539,121551,121559,121563,121598],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121540,121541,121543,121545,121547,121549],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121542,7242],{"class":59},[53,121544,64],{"class":63},[53,121546,84],{"class":71},[53,121548,10873],{"class":75},[53,121550,2715],{"class":71},[53,121552,121553,121555,121557],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121554,20983],{"class":59},[53,121556,64],{"class":63},[53,121558,44582],{"class":273},[53,121560,121561],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121562,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121564,121565,121567,121569,121571,121573,121575,121577,121579,121581,121583,121585,121587,121589,121591,121593,121596],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121566,89366],{"class":59},[53,121568,64],{"class":63},[53,121570,35324],{"class":59},[53,121572,1409],{"class":63},[53,121574,84],{"class":71},[53,121576,4141],{"class":75},[53,121578,72],{"class":71},[53,121580,1808],{"class":63},[53,121582,48262],{"class":550},[53,121584,116],{"class":67},[53,121586,8667],{"class":112},[53,121588,3021],{"class":67},[53,121590,1808],{"class":63},[53,121592,84],{"class":71},[53,121594,121595],{"class":75}," years old.",[53,121597,2715],{"class":71},[53,121599,121600,121602,121604,121606],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121601,132],{"class":131},[53,121603,116],{"class":67},[53,121605,89383],{"class":112},[53,121607,125],{"class":67},[20,121609,121610],{},[30,121611,772],{},[44,121613,121615],{"className":46,"code":121614,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121616,121617],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121618,121619,121622,121624,121626,121629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121620,121621],{"class":59},"Maya ",[53,121623,11558],{"class":63},[53,121625,8674],{"class":273},[53,121627,121628],{"class":59}," years old",[53,121630,121631],{"class":67},".\n",[20,121633,121634,121635,37],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[464,121636,89052],{"href":89051},[39,121638,121640,9952,121642],{"id":121639},"str-vs-print",[15,121641,47041],{},[15,121643,45809],{},[20,121645,121646],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[193,121648,121649,121654],{},[196,121650,121651,121653],{},[15,121652,47041],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[196,121655,121656,121658],{},[15,121657,45809],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,121660,1559],{},[44,121662,121664],{"className":46,"code":121663,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,121665,121666,121674,121678,121692,121702,121716],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121667,121668,121670,121672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121669,1801],{"class":59},[53,121671,64],{"class":63},[53,121673,2123],{"class":273},[53,121675,121676],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121677,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121679,121680,121682,121684,121686,121688,121690],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121681,34042],{"class":59},[53,121683,64],{"class":63},[53,121685,48262],{"class":550},[53,121687,116],{"class":67},[53,121689,236],{"class":112},[53,121691,125],{"class":67},[53,121693,121694,121696,121698,121700],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121695,132],{"class":131},[53,121697,116],{"class":67},[53,121699,34063],{"class":112},[53,121701,125],{"class":67},[53,121703,121704,121706,121708,121710,121712,121714],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121705,132],{"class":131},[53,121707,116],{"class":67},[53,121709,2578],{"class":550},[53,121711,116],{"class":67},[53,121713,34063],{"class":112},[53,121715,1377],{"class":67},[53,121717,121718,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,121719,132],{"class":131},[53,121721,116],{"class":67},[53,121723,2578],{"class":550},[53,121725,116],{"class":67},[53,121727,236],{"class":112},[53,121729,1377],{"class":67},[20,121731,121732],{},[30,121733,772],{},[44,121735,121737],{"className":46,"code":121736,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,121738,121739,121743,121757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121740,121741],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121742,45969],{"class":273},[53,121744,121745,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121746,2647],{"class":63},[53,121748,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121750,165],{"class":71},[53,121752,2801],{"class":75},[53,121754,156],{"class":71},[53,121756,2659],{"class":63},[53,121758,121759,121761,121763,121765,121767,121769],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121760,2647],{"class":63},[53,121762,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121764,165],{"class":71},[53,121766,1539],{"class":75},[53,121768,156],{"class":71},[53,121770,2659],{"class":63},[20,121772,121773],{},"Notice:",[193,121775,121776,121782,121787],{},[196,121777,121778,121781],{},[15,121779,121780],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[196,121783,121784,121786],{},[15,121785,45809],{}," only displayed values",[196,121788,121789,121791,121792,121794,121795,60660,121797],{},[15,121790,45809],{}," did not change ",[15,121793,236],{}," from ",[15,121796,1539],{},[15,121798,2801],{},[20,121800,121801,121802,37],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[464,121803,121804,1656],{"href":45806},[15,121805,45809],{},[39,121807,121809,9952,121811,121814],{"id":121808},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,121810,47041],{},[15,121812,121813],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,121816,121817],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[193,121819,121820,121825],{},[196,121821,121822,121824],{},[15,121823,47041],{}," is the more readable text version",[196,121826,121827,121829],{},[15,121828,121813],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,121831,121832,121833,121835],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,121834,47041],{}," much more often.",[20,121837,121838,121839,121841],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,121840,47041],{}," is usually the right choice.",[39,121843,834],{"id":833},[599,121845,25129,121847,121849],{"id":121846},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,121848,47041],{}," changes the original variable",[20,121851,121852,121854],{},[15,121853,47041],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[44,121856,121858],{"className":46,"code":121857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121859,121860,121868,121882,121886,121896,121910,121920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121861,121862,121864,121866],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121863,20983],{"class":59},[53,121865,64],{"class":63},[53,121867,44582],{"class":273},[53,121869,121870,121872,121874,121876,121878,121880],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121871,34042],{"class":59},[53,121873,64],{"class":63},[53,121875,48262],{"class":550},[53,121877,116],{"class":67},[53,121879,8667],{"class":112},[53,121881,125],{"class":67},[53,121883,121884],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121885,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,121887,121888,121890,121892,121894],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121889,132],{"class":131},[53,121891,116],{"class":67},[53,121893,8667],{"class":112},[53,121895,125],{"class":67},[53,121897,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,121899,132],{"class":131},[53,121901,116],{"class":67},[53,121903,2578],{"class":550},[53,121905,116],{"class":67},[53,121907,8667],{"class":112},[53,121909,1377],{"class":67},[53,121911,121912,121914,121916,121918],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,121913,132],{"class":131},[53,121915,116],{"class":67},[53,121917,34063],{"class":112},[53,121919,125],{"class":67},[53,121921,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930,121932],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,121923,132],{"class":131},[53,121925,116],{"class":67},[53,121927,2578],{"class":550},[53,121929,116],{"class":67},[53,121931,34063],{"class":112},[53,121933,1377],{"class":67},[20,121935,121936],{},[30,121937,772],{},[44,121939,121941],{"className":46,"code":121940,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121942,121943,121947,121961,121965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121944,121945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121946,2063],{"class":273},[53,121948,121949,121951,121953,121955,121957,121959],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,121950,2647],{"class":63},[53,121952,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121954,165],{"class":71},[53,121956,1539],{"class":75},[53,121958,156],{"class":71},[53,121960,2659],{"class":63},[53,121962,121963],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,121964,2063],{"class":273},[53,121966,121967,121969,121971,121973,121975,121977],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,121968,2647],{"class":63},[53,121970,2650],{"class":1415},[53,121972,165],{"class":71},[53,121974,2801],{"class":75},[53,121976,156],{"class":71},[53,121978,2659],{"class":63},[599,121980,121982],{"id":121981},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,121984,6051],{},[44,121986,121988],{"className":46,"code":121987,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,121989,121990,121998],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,121991,121992,121994,121996],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,121993,20983],{"class":59},[53,121995,64],{"class":63},[53,121997,44582],{"class":273},[53,121999,122000,122002,122004,122006,122008,122010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122001,34042],{"class":59},[53,122003,64],{"class":63},[53,122005,48262],{"class":550},[53,122007,116],{"class":67},[53,122009,8667],{"class":112},[53,122011,125],{"class":67},[20,122013,122014],{},"But if you only do this:",[44,122016,122018],{"className":46,"code":122017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122019,122020,122028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122021,122022,122024,122026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122023,20983],{"class":59},[53,122025,64],{"class":63},[53,122027,44582],{"class":273},[53,122029,122030,122032,122034,122036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122031,2801],{"class":550},[53,122033,116],{"class":67},[53,122035,8667],{"class":112},[53,122037,125],{"class":67},[20,122039,122040],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[599,122042,7785,122044,122046],{"id":122043},"using-str-too-early",[15,122045,47041],{}," too early",[20,122048,122049],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[44,122051,122053],{"className":46,"code":122052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122054,122055,122063,122078,122082],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122056,122057,122059,122061],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122058,39741],{"class":59},[53,122060,64],{"class":63},[53,122062,1941],{"class":273},[53,122064,122065,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122066,122067],{"class":59},"text_price ",[53,122069,64],{"class":63},[53,122071,48262],{"class":550},[53,122073,116],{"class":67},[53,122075,24504],{"class":112},[53,122077,125],{"class":67},[53,122079,122080],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,122081,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,122083,122084],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,122085,122086],{"class":3024},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122088,122089,122090,1219,122094,122098],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[464,122091,122092],{"href":2230},[15,122093,2233],{},[464,122095,122096],{"href":2236},[15,122097,2239],{},", depending on the situation.",[599,122100,838,122102,122105],{"id":122101},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122103,122104],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122107,64003],{},[44,122109,122111],{"className":46,"code":122110,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122112,122113,122145],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122114,122115,122117,122119,122121,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131,122133,122135,122137,122139,122141,122143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122116,7144],{"class":59},[53,122118,64],{"class":63},[53,122120,2982],{"class":67},[53,122122,72],{"class":71},[53,122124,356],{"class":75},[53,122126,72],{"class":71},[53,122128,81],{"class":67},[53,122130,84],{"class":71},[53,122132,365],{"class":75},[53,122134,72],{"class":71},[53,122136,81],{"class":67},[53,122138,84],{"class":71},[53,122140,374],{"class":75},[53,122142,72],{"class":71},[53,122144,2995],{"class":67},[53,122146,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155,122157],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122148,132],{"class":131},[53,122150,116],{"class":67},[53,122152,2801],{"class":550},[53,122154,116],{"class":67},[53,122156,7175],{"class":112},[53,122158,1377],{"class":67},[20,122160,122161],{},"prints:",[44,122163,122164],{"className":46,"code":72195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,122165,122166],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122167,122168,122170,122172,122174,122176,122178,122180,122182,122184,122186,122188,122190,122192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122169,3260],{"class":67},[53,122171,156],{"class":71},[53,122173,356],{"class":75},[53,122175,156],{"class":71},[53,122177,81],{"class":67},[53,122179,165],{"class":71},[53,122181,365],{"class":75},[53,122183,156],{"class":71},[53,122185,81],{"class":67},[53,122187,165],{"class":71},[53,122189,374],{"class":75},[53,122191,156],{"class":71},[53,122193,2995],{"class":67},[20,122195,122196],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[39,122198,16778],{"id":16777},[20,122200,122201,21330,122203,37],{},[15,122202,47041],{},[30,122204,122205],{},"new string",[20,122207,10824],{},[193,122209,122210,122213,122216],{},[196,122211,122212],{},"It always returns a string",[196,122214,122215],{},"It does not modify the original object",[196,122217,7127,122218,122222],{},[464,122219,122220],{"href":1652},[15,122221,1655],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122224,1559],{},[44,122226,122228],{"className":46,"code":122227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122229,122230,122238,122253,122257,122268],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122231,122232,122234,122236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122233,1801],{"class":59},[53,122235,64],{"class":63},[53,122237,13490],{"class":273},[53,122239,122240,122243,122245,122247,122249,122251],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122241,122242],{"class":59},"converted ",[53,122244,64],{"class":63},[53,122246,48262],{"class":550},[53,122248,116],{"class":67},[53,122250,236],{"class":112},[53,122252,125],{"class":67},[53,122254,122255],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,122256,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,122258,122259,122261,122263,122266],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,122260,132],{"class":131},[53,122262,116],{"class":67},[53,122264,122265],{"class":112},"converted",[53,122267,125],{"class":67},[53,122269,122270,122272,122274,122276,122278,122280],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,122271,132],{"class":131},[53,122273,116],{"class":67},[53,122275,2578],{"class":550},[53,122277,116],{"class":67},[53,122279,122265],{"class":112},[53,122281,1377],{"class":67},[20,122283,122284],{},[30,122285,772],{},[44,122287,122289],{"className":46,"code":122288,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122290,122291,122296],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122292,122293],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122294,122295],{"class":273},"99\n",[53,122297,122298,122300,122302,122304,122306,122308],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122299,2647],{"class":63},[53,122301,2650],{"class":1415},[53,122303,165],{"class":71},[53,122305,2801],{"class":75},[53,122307,156],{"class":71},[53,122309,2659],{"class":63},[39,122311,112971],{"id":112970},[20,122313,122314,122315,74174],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122316,47041],{},[193,122318,122319,122322,122325,122330],{},[196,122320,122321],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[196,122323,122324],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[196,122326,7785,122327,122329],{},[15,122328,47041],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[196,122331,122332],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122334,122335,122336,37],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[464,122337,25034,122338],{"href":89764},[15,122339,89765],{},[39,122341,122343],{"id":122342},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122345,122346],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[44,122348,122350],{"className":46,"code":122349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122351,122352,122360,122364,122374,122388,122392,122406,122416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122353,122354,122356,122358],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122355,1801],{"class":59},[53,122357,64],{"class":63},[53,122359,44582],{"class":273},[53,122361,122362],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122363,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,122365,122366,122368,122370,122372],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,122367,132],{"class":131},[53,122369,116],{"class":67},[53,122371,236],{"class":112},[53,122373,125],{"class":67},[53,122375,122376,122378,122380,122382,122384,122386],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,122377,132],{"class":131},[53,122379,116],{"class":67},[53,122381,2578],{"class":550},[53,122383,116],{"class":67},[53,122385,236],{"class":112},[53,122387,1377],{"class":67},[53,122389,122390],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,122391,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400,122402,122404],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,122395,122242],{"class":59},[53,122397,64],{"class":63},[53,122399,48262],{"class":550},[53,122401,116],{"class":67},[53,122403,236],{"class":112},[53,122405,125],{"class":67},[53,122407,122408,122410,122412,122414],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,122409,132],{"class":131},[53,122411,116],{"class":67},[53,122413,122265],{"class":112},[53,122415,125],{"class":67},[53,122417,122418,122420,122422,122424,122426,122428],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,122419,132],{"class":131},[53,122421,116],{"class":67},[53,122423,2578],{"class":550},[53,122425,116],{"class":67},[53,122427,122265],{"class":112},[53,122429,1377],{"class":67},[20,122431,122432,122433,1540,122435,122437,122438,37],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122434,1539],{},[15,122436,1543],{},", or another type into ",[15,122439,2801],{},[39,122441,1187],{"id":1186},[599,122443,4501,122445,4504],{"id":122444},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122446,47041],{},[20,122448,122449],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[599,122451,1191,122453,122455],{"id":122452},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122454,47041],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122457,122458],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[599,122460,1234,122462,122464],{"id":122461},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122463,47041],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122466,122467],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[599,122469,93950,122471,122473],{"id":122470},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122472,47041],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122475,122476],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[599,122478,14263,122480,56563,122482,1222],{"id":122479},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122481,47041],{},[15,122483,45809],{},[20,122485,45722,122486,122488,122489,122491],{},[15,122487,47041],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122490,45809],{}," shows output.",[39,122493,1244],{"id":1243},[193,122495,122496,122502,122508,122514,122520,122529,122533],{},[196,122497,122498],{},[464,122499,122500,2867],{"href":45806},[15,122501,45809],{},[196,122503,122504],{},[464,122505,122506,2867],{"href":1652},[15,122507,1655],{},[196,122509,122510],{},[464,122511,122512,2867],{"href":2230},[15,122513,2233],{},[196,122515,122516],{},[464,122517,122518,2867],{"href":2236},[15,122519,2239],{},[196,122521,122522],{},[464,122523,122525,122526,122528],{"href":122524},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122527,1539],{}," to string in Python",[196,122530,122531],{},[464,122532,90042],{"href":89051},[196,122534,122535],{},[464,122536,29700,122537],{"href":89764},[15,122538,89765],{},[1276,122540,122541],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":122543},[122544,122545,122547,122548,122554,122556,122558,122560,122569,122570,122571,122572,122584],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":120962,"depth":104,"text":122546},"What str() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":121129,"depth":104,"text":121130,"children":122549},[122550,122551,122552,122553],{"id":121133,"depth":128,"text":121134},{"id":121219,"depth":128,"text":121220},{"id":121306,"depth":128,"text":121307},{"id":121392,"depth":128,"text":121393},{"id":121508,"depth":104,"text":122555},"When to use str()",{"id":121639,"depth":104,"text":122557},"str() vs print()",{"id":121808,"depth":104,"text":122559},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":122561},[122562,122564,122565,122567],{"id":121846,"depth":128,"text":122563},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":121981,"depth":128,"text":121982},{"id":122043,"depth":128,"text":122566},"Using str() too early",{"id":122101,"depth":128,"text":122568},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":112970,"depth":104,"text":112971},{"id":122342,"depth":104,"text":122343},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":122573},[122574,122576,122578,122580,122582],{"id":122444,"depth":128,"text":122575},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122452,"depth":128,"text":122577},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122461,"depth":128,"text":122579},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122470,"depth":128,"text":122581},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122479,"depth":128,"text":122583},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41531,"description":122585},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122592,"title":122593,"body":122594,"description":124047,"extension":1312,"meta":124048,"navigation":383,"path":124049,"seo":124050,"stem":124051,"__hash__":124052},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122595,"toc":124009},[122596,122602,122608,122611,122633,122635,122697,122699,122712,122718,122723,122728,122730,122743,122754,122756,122783,122785,122802,122809,122820,122822,122827,122829,122841,122849,122858,122860,122863,122916,122918,122926,122934,122938,122943,122983,122985,122993,122996,122998,123038,123040,123048,123058,123064,123067,123140,123142,123155,123159,123164,123192,123195,123230,123232,123240,123243,123247,123251,123253,123269,123271,123311,123313,123321,123330,123373,123375,123383,123385,123389,123395,123398,123438,123440,123448,123453,123456,123499,123503,123506,123541,123546,123548,123587,123597,123605,123615,123623,123627,123632,123634,123675,123677,123685,123690,123693,123696,123714,123720,123724,123729,123732,123772,123774,123779,123878,123881,123897,123899,123918,123920,123927,123930,123936,123939,123945,123949,123955,123958,123964,123967,123969,124006],[10,122597,122599,122600,18],{"id":122598},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122601,56648],{},[20,122603,122604,122605,122607],{},"The Python string ",[15,122606,56648],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122609,122610],{},"This reference page explains:",[193,122612,122613,122617,122620,122622,122630],{},[196,122614,25374,122615,186],{},[15,122616,56648],{},[196,122618,122619],{},"its syntax",[196,122621,34749],{},[196,122623,122624,122625,594,122627,122629],{},"how ",[15,122626,35428],{},[15,122628,52019],{}," work",[196,122631,122632],{},"common beginner mistakes",[39,122634,42],{"id":41},[44,122636,122638],{"className":46,"code":122637,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122639,122640,122652,122674],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122641,122642,122644,122646,122648,122650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122643,34042],{"class":59},[53,122645,64],{"class":63},[53,122647,84],{"class":71},[53,122649,365],{"class":75},[53,122651,2715],{"class":71},[53,122653,122654,122656,122658,122660,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670,122672],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122655,132],{"class":131},[53,122657,116],{"class":67},[53,122659,34063],{"class":112},[53,122661,37],{"class":67},[53,122663,40614],{"class":112},[53,122665,116],{"class":67},[53,122667,72],{"class":71},[53,122669,464],{"class":75},[53,122671,72],{"class":71},[53,122673,1377],{"class":67},[53,122675,122676,122678,122680,122682,122684,122686,122688,122690,122693,122695],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,122677,132],{"class":131},[53,122679,116],{"class":67},[53,122681,34063],{"class":112},[53,122683,37],{"class":67},[53,122685,40614],{"class":112},[53,122687,116],{"class":67},[53,122689,72],{"class":71},[53,122691,122692],{"class":75},"na",[53,122694,72],{"class":71},[53,122696,1377],{"class":67},[20,122698,772],{},[44,122700,122702],{"className":46,"code":122701,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"3\n2\n",[15,122703,122704,122708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122705,122706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122707,45974],{"class":273},[53,122709,122710],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122711,16415],{"class":273},[20,122713,174,122714,122717],{},[15,122715,122716],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[39,122719,12360,122721,12363],{"id":122720},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,122722,56648],{},[20,122724,122725,122727],{},[15,122726,56648],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,122729,12416],{},[193,122731,122732,122735,122738,122740],{},[196,122733,122734],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[196,122736,122737],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[196,122739,43014],{},[196,122741,122742],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,122744,122745,122746,122748,122749,1540,122751,122753],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,122747,17454],{}," characters are in ",[15,122750,454],{},[15,122752,56648],{}," is a simple choice.",[39,122755,217],{"id":216},[44,122757,122759],{"className":46,"code":122758,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,122760,122761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122762,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779,122781],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122764,60533],{"class":59},[53,122766,37],{"class":67},[53,122768,40614],{"class":112},[53,122770,116],{"class":67},[53,122772,236],{"class":112},[53,122774,81],{"class":67},[53,122776,35407],{"class":112},[53,122778,81],{"class":67},[53,122780,64400],{"class":112},[53,122782,125],{"class":67},[599,122784,16754],{"id":16753},[193,122786,122787,122792,122797],{},[196,122788,122789,122791],{},[15,122790,236],{},": the text to search for",[196,122793,122794,122796],{},[15,122795,35428],{},": optional; where counting begins",[196,122798,122799,122801],{},[15,122800,52019],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,122803,122804,594,122806,122808],{},[15,122805,35428],{},[15,122807,52019],{}," work like slice positions:",[193,122810,122811,122816],{},[196,122812,122813,122815],{},[15,122814,35428],{}," is included",[196,122817,122818,75100],{},[15,122819,52019],{},[39,122821,16778],{"id":16777},[20,122823,122824,122826],{},[15,122825,56648],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,122828,1476],{},[193,122830,122831,122836],{},[196,122832,122833,122834],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,122835,1412],{},[196,122837,122838,122839],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,122840,1470],{},[20,122842,40260,122843,4520,122845,1219,122847,37],{},[30,122844,461],{},[15,122846,2963],{},[15,122848,3035],{},[20,122850,122851,122852,122857],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[464,122853,122855,100946],{"href":122854},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,122856,1067],{}," is often a better fit.",[39,122859,337],{"id":336},[20,122861,122862],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[44,122864,122866],{"className":46,"code":122865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,122867,122868,122880,122902,122906],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122869,122870,122872,122874,122876,122878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122871,34042],{"class":59},[53,122873,64],{"class":63},[53,122875,84],{"class":71},[53,122877,356],{"class":75},[53,122879,2715],{"class":71},[53,122881,122882,122884,122886,122888,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898,122900],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122883,1582],{"class":59},[53,122885,64],{"class":63},[53,122887,42197],{"class":59},[53,122889,37],{"class":67},[53,122891,40614],{"class":112},[53,122893,116],{"class":67},[53,122895,72],{"class":71},[53,122897,20],{"class":75},[53,122899,72],{"class":71},[53,122901,125],{"class":67},[53,122903,122904],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,122905,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,122907,122908,122910,122912,122914],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,122909,132],{"class":131},[53,122911,116],{"class":67},[53,122913,1617],{"class":112},[53,122915,125],{"class":67},[20,122917,772],{},[44,122919,122920],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,122921,122922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122923,122924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122925,16415],{"class":273},[20,122927,63179,122928,122931,122932,37],{},[15,122929,122930],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,122933,57191],{},[39,122935,122937],{"id":122936},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,122939,122940,122942],{},[15,122941,56648],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[44,122944,122946],{"className":46,"code":122945,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,122947,122948,122961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122949,122950,122952,122954,122956,122959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122951,34042],{"class":59},[53,122953,64],{"class":63},[53,122955,84],{"class":71},[53,122957,122958],{"class":75},"cat dog cat bird cat",[53,122960,2715],{"class":71},[53,122962,122963,122965,122967,122969,122971,122973,122975,122977,122979,122981],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,122964,132],{"class":131},[53,122966,116],{"class":67},[53,122968,34063],{"class":112},[53,122970,37],{"class":67},[53,122972,40614],{"class":112},[53,122974,116],{"class":67},[53,122976,72],{"class":71},[53,122978,36400],{"class":75},[53,122980,72],{"class":71},[53,122982,1377],{"class":67},[20,122984,772],{},[44,122986,122987],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,122988,122989],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,122990,122991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,122992,45974],{"class":273},[20,122994,122995],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,122997,1559],{},[44,122999,123001],{"className":46,"code":123000,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123002,123003,123016],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123004,123005,123007,123009,123011,123014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123006,34042],{"class":59},[53,123008,64],{"class":63},[53,123010,84],{"class":71},[53,123012,123013],{"class":75},"one One one",[53,123015,2715],{"class":71},[53,123017,123018,123020,123022,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123019,132],{"class":131},[53,123021,116],{"class":67},[53,123023,34063],{"class":112},[53,123025,37],{"class":67},[53,123027,40614],{"class":112},[53,123029,116],{"class":67},[53,123031,72],{"class":71},[53,123033,5948],{"class":75},[53,123035,72],{"class":71},[53,123037,1377],{"class":67},[20,123039,772],{},[44,123041,123042],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123043,123044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123045,123046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123047,16415],{"class":273},[20,123049,123050,123051,123054,123055,123057],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123052,123053],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123056,56648],{}," is case-sensitive.",[39,123059,7785,123060,594,123062],{"id":64765},[15,123061,35428],{},[15,123063,52019],{},[20,123065,123066],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[44,123068,123070],{"className":46,"code":123069,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123071,123072,123084,123110],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123073,123074,123076,123078,123080,123082],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123075,34042],{"class":59},[53,123077,64],{"class":63},[53,123079,84],{"class":71},[53,123081,365],{"class":75},[53,123083,2715],{"class":71},[53,123085,123086,123088,123090,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102,123104,123106,123108],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123087,132],{"class":131},[53,123089,116],{"class":67},[53,123091,34063],{"class":112},[53,123093,37],{"class":67},[53,123095,40614],{"class":112},[53,123097,116],{"class":67},[53,123099,72],{"class":71},[53,123101,464],{"class":75},[53,123103,72],{"class":71},[53,123105,81],{"class":67},[53,123107,279],{"class":273},[53,123109,1377],{"class":67},[53,123111,123112,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130,123132,123134,123136,123138],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,123113,132],{"class":131},[53,123115,116],{"class":67},[53,123117,34063],{"class":112},[53,123119,37],{"class":67},[53,123121,40614],{"class":112},[53,123123,116],{"class":67},[53,123125,72],{"class":71},[53,123127,464],{"class":75},[53,123129,72],{"class":71},[53,123131,81],{"class":67},[53,123133,279],{"class":273},[53,123135,81],{"class":67},[53,123137,3963],{"class":273},[53,123139,1377],{"class":67},[20,123141,772],{},[44,123143,123145],{"className":46,"code":123144,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"2\n1\n",[15,123146,123147,123151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123148,123149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123150,16415],{"class":273},[53,123152,123153],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123154,46274],{"class":273},[599,123156,123158],{"id":123157},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123160,123161,123162,191],{},"In ",[15,123163,454],{},[193,123165,123166,123174,123182],{},[196,123167,70324,123168,123170,123171],{},[15,123169,300],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123172,123173],{},"\"n\"",[196,123175,123176,123179,123180,75398],{},[15,123177,123178],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123181,300],{},[196,123183,123184,123179,123187,123189,123190],{},[15,123185,123186],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123188,300],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123191,1487],{},[20,123193,123194],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[44,123196,123198],{"className":46,"code":123197,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123199,123200,123212],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123201,123202,123204,123206,123208,123210],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123203,34042],{"class":59},[53,123205,64],{"class":63},[53,123207,84],{"class":71},[53,123209,365],{"class":75},[53,123211,2715],{"class":71},[53,123213,123214,123216,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226,123228],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123215,132],{"class":131},[53,123217,116],{"class":67},[53,123219,34063],{"class":112},[53,123221,3260],{"class":67},[53,123223,300],{"class":273},[53,123225,191],{"class":67},[53,123227,1487],{"class":273},[53,123229,3248],{"class":67},[20,123231,772],{},[44,123233,123234],{"className":46,"code":40823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123235,123236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123237,123238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123239,40823],{"class":59},[20,123241,123242],{},"Only that section is searched.",[39,123244,123246],{"id":123245},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123248,123249,123057],{},[15,123250,56648],{},[20,123252,1457],{},[193,123254,123255,123263],{},[196,123256,123257,594,123259,123262],{},[15,123258,17454],{},[15,123260,123261],{},"\"A\""," are different",[196,123264,123265,594,123267,123262],{},[15,123266,63894],{},[15,123268,89777],{},[20,123270,1559],{},[44,123272,123274],{"className":46,"code":123273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123275,123276,123289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123277,123278,123280,123282,123284,123287],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123279,34042],{"class":59},[53,123281,64],{"class":63},[53,123283,84],{"class":71},[53,123285,123286],{"class":75},"Apple apple APPLE",[53,123288,2715],{"class":71},[53,123290,123291,123293,123295,123297,123299,123301,123303,123305,123307,123309],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123292,132],{"class":131},[53,123294,116],{"class":67},[53,123296,34063],{"class":112},[53,123298,37],{"class":67},[53,123300,40614],{"class":112},[53,123302,116],{"class":67},[53,123304,72],{"class":71},[53,123306,356],{"class":75},[53,123308,72],{"class":71},[53,123310,1377],{"class":67},[20,123312,772],{},[44,123314,123315],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123316,123317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123318,123319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123320,46274],{"class":273},[20,123322,123323,123324,191],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[464,123325,123327],{"href":123326},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123328,123329],{},"lower()",[44,123331,123333],{"className":46,"code":123332,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123334,123335,123347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123336,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123338,34042],{"class":59},[53,123340,64],{"class":63},[53,123342,84],{"class":71},[53,123344,123286],{"class":75},[53,123346,2715],{"class":71},[53,123348,123349,123351,123353,123355,123357,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123350,132],{"class":131},[53,123352,116],{"class":67},[53,123354,34063],{"class":112},[53,123356,37],{"class":67},[53,123358,8008],{"class":112},[53,123360,8005],{"class":67},[53,123362,40614],{"class":112},[53,123364,116],{"class":67},[53,123366,72],{"class":71},[53,123368,356],{"class":75},[53,123370,72],{"class":71},[53,123372,1377],{"class":67},[20,123374,772],{},[44,123376,123377],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123378,123379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123380,123381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123382,45974],{"class":273},[39,123384,2185],{"id":2184},[20,123386,22448,123387,37],{},[15,123388,56648],{},[599,123390,838,123392,123394],{"id":123391},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123393,56648],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123396,123397],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[44,123399,123401],{"className":46,"code":123400,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123402,123403,123416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123404,123405,123407,123409,123411,123414],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123406,34042],{"class":59},[53,123408,64],{"class":63},[53,123410,84],{"class":71},[53,123412,123413],{"class":75},"Aardvark",[53,123415,2715],{"class":71},[53,123417,123418,123420,123422,123424,123426,123428,123430,123432,123434,123436],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123419,132],{"class":131},[53,123421,116],{"class":67},[53,123423,34063],{"class":112},[53,123425,37],{"class":67},[53,123427,40614],{"class":112},[53,123429,116],{"class":67},[53,123431,72],{"class":71},[53,123433,464],{"class":75},[53,123435,72],{"class":71},[53,123437,1377],{"class":67},[20,123439,772],{},[44,123441,123442],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123443,123444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123445,123446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123447,16415],{"class":273},[20,123449,123050,123450,123452],{},[15,123451,123261],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123454,123455],{},"If needed, convert first:",[44,123457,123459],{"className":46,"code":123458,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123460,123461,123473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123462,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123464,34042],{"class":59},[53,123466,64],{"class":63},[53,123468,84],{"class":71},[53,123470,123413],{"class":75},[53,123472,2715],{"class":71},[53,123474,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483,123485,123487,123489,123491,123493,123495,123497],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123476,132],{"class":131},[53,123478,116],{"class":67},[53,123480,34063],{"class":112},[53,123482,37],{"class":67},[53,123484,8008],{"class":112},[53,123486,8005],{"class":67},[53,123488,40614],{"class":112},[53,123490,116],{"class":67},[53,123492,72],{"class":71},[53,123494,464],{"class":75},[53,123496,72],{"class":71},[53,123498,1377],{"class":67},[599,123500,123502],{"id":123501},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123504,123505],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[44,123507,123509],{"className":46,"code":123508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123510,123511,123523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123512,123513,123515,123517,123519,123521],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123514,34042],{"class":59},[53,123516,64],{"class":63},[53,123518,84],{"class":71},[53,123520,365],{"class":75},[53,123522,2715],{"class":71},[53,123524,123525,123527,123529,123531,123533,123535,123537,123539],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123526,132],{"class":131},[53,123528,116],{"class":67},[53,123530,34063],{"class":112},[53,123532,37],{"class":67},[53,123534,40614],{"class":112},[53,123536,116],{"class":67},[53,123538,464],{"class":112},[53,123540,1377],{"class":67},[20,123542,123543,123544,37],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123545,464],{},[20,123547,10174],{},[44,123549,123551],{"className":46,"code":123550,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123552,123553,123565],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123554,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123556,34042],{"class":59},[53,123558,64],{"class":63},[53,123560,84],{"class":71},[53,123562,365],{"class":75},[53,123564,2715],{"class":71},[53,123566,123567,123569,123571,123573,123575,123577,123579,123581,123583,123585],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123568,132],{"class":131},[53,123570,116],{"class":67},[53,123572,34063],{"class":112},[53,123574,37],{"class":67},[53,123576,40614],{"class":112},[53,123578,116],{"class":67},[53,123580,72],{"class":71},[53,123582,464],{"class":75},[53,123584,72],{"class":71},[53,123586,1377],{"class":67},[599,123588,1151,123590,1154,123592,1219,123595],{"id":123589},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123591,56648],{},[15,123593,123594],{},"find()",[15,123596,58326],{},[20,123598,174,123599,123601,123602,37],{},[15,123600,56648],{}," when you need the ",[30,123603,123604],{},"number of matches",[20,123606,174,123607,123601,123612,123614],{},[464,123608,123610],{"href":123609},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123611,123594],{},[30,123613,64306],{}," of the first match.",[20,123616,174,123617,123622],{},[464,123618,123620],{"href":123619},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123621,58326],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[599,123624,123626],{"id":123625},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123628,123629,123631],{},[15,123630,56648],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123633,1559],{},[44,123635,123637],{"className":46,"code":123636,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123638,123639,123652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123640,123641,123643,123645,123647,123650],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123642,34042],{"class":59},[53,123644,64],{"class":63},[53,123646,84],{"class":71},[53,123648,123649],{"class":75},"aaaa",[53,123651,2715],{"class":71},[53,123653,123654,123656,123658,123660,123662,123664,123666,123668,123671,123673],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123655,132],{"class":131},[53,123657,116],{"class":67},[53,123659,34063],{"class":112},[53,123661,37],{"class":67},[53,123663,40614],{"class":112},[53,123665,116],{"class":67},[53,123667,72],{"class":71},[53,123669,123670],{"class":75},"aa",[53,123672,72],{"class":71},[53,123674,1377],{"class":67},[20,123676,772],{},[44,123678,123679],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,123680,123681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123682,123683],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123684,16415],{"class":273},[20,123686,123687,123688,37],{},"It does not return ",[15,123689,1412],{},[20,123691,123692],{},"Why not?",[20,123694,123695],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[193,123697,123698,123707],{},[196,123699,123700,123703,123704],{},[15,123701,123702],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,123705,123706],{},"0-1",[196,123708,123709,123703,123711],{},[15,123710,123702],{},[15,123712,123713],{},"2-3",[20,123715,123716,123717,37],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,123718,123719],{},"1-2",[39,123721,4319,123722],{"id":57731},[15,123723,56648],{},[20,123725,174,123726,123728],{},[15,123727,56648],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,123730,123731],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[193,123733,123734,123743,123753,123763],{},[196,123735,174,123736,123738,123739,123742],{},[15,123737,56648],{}," when you need ",[30,123740,123741],{},"how many times"," something appears",[196,123744,174,123745,123738,123749,123752],{},[464,123746,123747],{"href":123609},[15,123748,123594],{},[30,123750,123751],{},"where"," it appears",[196,123754,47168,123755,123759,123760],{},[464,123756,123757,100946],{"href":122854},[15,123758,1067],{}," when you only need to know ",[30,123761,123762],{},"if it exists",[196,123764,174,123765,123771],{},[464,123766,123768],{"href":123767},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,123769,123770],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[39,123773,25297],{"id":25296},[20,123775,8243,123776,123778],{},[15,123777,56648],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[44,123780,123782],{"className":46,"code":123781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123783,123784,123794,123808,123830,123856],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,123785,123786,123788,123790,123792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,123787,132],{"class":131},[53,123789,116],{"class":67},[53,123791,34063],{"class":112},[53,123793,125],{"class":67},[53,123795,123796,123798,123800,123802,123804,123806],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,123797,132],{"class":131},[53,123799,116],{"class":67},[53,123801,2578],{"class":550},[53,123803,116],{"class":67},[53,123805,34063],{"class":112},[53,123807,1377],{"class":67},[53,123809,123810,123812,123814,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,123811,132],{"class":131},[53,123813,116],{"class":67},[53,123815,34063],{"class":112},[53,123817,37],{"class":67},[53,123819,40614],{"class":112},[53,123821,116],{"class":67},[53,123823,72],{"class":71},[53,123825,464],{"class":75},[53,123827,72],{"class":71},[53,123829,1377],{"class":67},[53,123831,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,123833,132],{"class":131},[53,123835,116],{"class":67},[53,123837,34063],{"class":112},[53,123839,37],{"class":67},[53,123841,8008],{"class":112},[53,123843,8005],{"class":67},[53,123845,40614],{"class":112},[53,123847,116],{"class":67},[53,123849,72],{"class":71},[53,123851,464],{"class":75},[53,123853,72],{"class":71},[53,123855,1377],{"class":67},[53,123857,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,123859,132],{"class":131},[53,123861,116],{"class":67},[53,123863,34063],{"class":112},[53,123865,37],{"class":67},[53,123867,40614],{"class":112},[53,123869,116],{"class":67},[53,123871,72],{"class":71},[53,123873,122692],{"class":75},[53,123875,72],{"class":71},[53,123877,1377],{"class":67},[20,123879,123880],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[193,123882,123883,123886,123891,123894],{},[196,123884,123885],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[196,123887,123888,123890],{},[15,123889,34063],{}," not being a string",[196,123892,123893],{},"counting the wrong substring",[196,123895,123896],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,123898,58220],{},[193,123900,123901,123904,123907,123910],{},[196,123902,123903],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[196,123905,123906],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[196,123908,123909],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[196,123911,49850,123912,43986,123914,1219,123916,72670],{},[15,123913,56648],{},[15,123915,123594],{},[15,123917,1067],{},[39,123919,1187],{"id":1186},[599,123921,123923,123924,123926],{"id":123922},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,123925,56648],{}," change the original string?",[20,123928,123929],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[599,123931,14263,123933,123935],{"id":123932},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,123934,56648],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,123937,123938],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[599,123940,4501,123942,123944],{"id":123941},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,123943,56648],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,123946,4507,123947,37],{},[15,123948,1470],{},[599,123950,1234,123952,123954],{"id":123951},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,123953,56648],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,123956,123957],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[599,123959,1191,123961,123963],{"id":123960},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,123962,56648],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,123965,123966],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[39,123968,1244],{"id":1243},[193,123970,123971,123978,123985,123992,123999],{},[196,123972,123973],{},[464,123974,123975],{"href":123609},[15,123976,123977],{},"Python string find() method",[196,123979,123980],{},[464,123981,123982],{"href":123619},[15,123983,123984],{},"Python string index() method",[196,123986,123987],{},[464,123988,123989],{"href":123326},[15,123990,123991],{},"Python string lower() method",[196,123993,123994],{},[464,123995,123996],{"href":122854},[15,123997,123998],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[196,124000,124001],{},[464,124002,124003],{"href":123767},[15,124004,124005],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1276,124007,124008],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":124010},[124011,124012,124014,124017,124018,124019,124020,124023,124024,124032,124033,124034,124046],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":122720,"depth":104,"text":124013},"What the count() method does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":124015},[124016],{"id":16753,"depth":128,"text":16754},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":122936,"depth":104,"text":122937},{"id":64765,"depth":104,"text":65548,"children":124021},[124022],{"id":123157,"depth":128,"text":123158},{"id":123245,"depth":104,"text":123246},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":124025},[124026,124028,124029,124031],{"id":123391,"depth":128,"text":124027},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123501,"depth":128,"text":123502},{"id":123589,"depth":128,"text":124030},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123625,"depth":128,"text":123626},{"id":57731,"depth":104,"text":58362},{"id":25296,"depth":104,"text":25297},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":124035},[124036,124038,124040,124042,124044],{"id":123922,"depth":128,"text":124037},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":123932,"depth":128,"text":124039},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":123941,"depth":128,"text":124041},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":123951,"depth":128,"text":124043},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":123960,"depth":128,"text":124045},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122593,"description":124047},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124054,"title":124055,"body":124056,"description":125641,"extension":1312,"meta":125642,"navigation":383,"path":125643,"seo":125644,"stem":125645,"__hash__":125646},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124057,"toc":125614},[124058,124061,124064,124161,124170,124172,124191,124195,124198,124201,124214,124217,124246,124251,124256,124314,124316,124349,124355,124359,124362,124365,124394,124397,124424,124427,124430,124434,124437,124444,124507,124509,124527,124530,124534,124537,124540,124582,124585,124629,124632,124635,124639,124644,124647,124690,124692,124715,124718,124751,124754,124803,124813,124817,124820,124823,124852,124855,124866,124868,124927,124930,124934,124937,124940,124955,124964,124967,125001,125004,125031,125034,125041,125043,125046,125048,125051,125065,125074,125076,125103,125107,125110,125124,125127,125186,125190,125193,125220,125223,125250,125258,125261,125321,125323,125356,125360,125363,125382,125387,125436,125441,125443,125446,125505,125523,125525,125529,125537,125541,125544,125548,125554,125558,125568,125572,125575,125577,125611],[10,124059,124055],{"id":124060},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124062,124063],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[44,124065,124067],{"className":46,"code":124066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124068,124069,124081,124093,124102,124116,124120,124130,124140,124151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124070,124071,124073,124075,124077,124079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124072,7242],{"class":59},[53,124074,64],{"class":63},[53,124076,84],{"class":71},[53,124078,4362],{"class":75},[53,124080,2715],{"class":71},[53,124082,124083,124085,124087,124089,124091],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124084,89366],{"class":59},[53,124086,64],{"class":63},[53,124088,165],{"class":71},[53,124090,34221],{"class":75},[53,124092,559],{"class":71},[53,124094,124095,124098,124100],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124096,124097],{"class":59},"empty ",[53,124099,64],{"class":63},[53,124101,7247],{"class":71},[53,124103,124104,124106,124108,124110,124112,124114],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124105,34042],{"class":59},[53,124107,64],{"class":63},[53,124109,48262],{"class":550},[53,124111,116],{"class":67},[53,124113,49604],{"class":273},[53,124115,125],{"class":67},[53,124117,124118],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,124119,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124121,124122,124124,124126,124128],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,124123,132],{"class":131},[53,124125,116],{"class":67},[53,124127,7032],{"class":112},[53,124129,125],{"class":67},[53,124131,124132,124134,124136,124138],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,124133,132],{"class":131},[53,124135,116],{"class":67},[53,124137,89383],{"class":112},[53,124139,125],{"class":67},[53,124141,124142,124144,124146,124149],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,124143,132],{"class":131},[53,124145,116],{"class":67},[53,124147,124148],{"class":112},"empty",[53,124150,125],{"class":67},[53,124152,124153,124155,124157,124159],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,124154,132],{"class":131},[53,124156,116],{"class":67},[53,124158,34063],{"class":112},[53,124160,125],{"class":67},[20,124162,124163,124166,124167,124169],{},[30,124164,124165],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124168,47041],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[39,124171,14523],{"id":14522},[193,124173,124174,124177,124180,124183,124188],{},[196,124175,124176],{},"What a string is in Python",[196,124178,124179],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[196,124181,124182],{},"How to create an empty string",[196,124184,124185,124186],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124187,47041],{},[196,124189,124190],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[39,124192,124194],{"id":124193},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124196,124197],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124199,124200],{},"Strings can contain:",[193,124202,124203,124206,124208,124211],{},[196,124204,124205],{},"Letters",[196,124207,55819],{},[196,124209,124210],{},"Spaces",[196,124212,124213],{},"Symbols",[20,124215,124216],{},"Examples of strings:",[44,124218,124220],{"className":46,"code":124219,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124221,124222,124230,124238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124223,124224,124226,124228],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124225,72],{"class":42684},[53,124227,3206],{"class":42688},[53,124229,2715],{"class":42684},[53,124231,124232,124234,124236],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124233,72],{"class":42684},[53,124235,49604],{"class":42688},[53,124237,2715],{"class":42684},[53,124239,124240,124242,124244],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124241,72],{"class":42684},[53,124243,88508],{"class":42688},[53,124245,2715],{"class":42684},[20,124247,20334,124248,124250],{},[15,124249,49654],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124252,124253,124254,191],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124255,1655],{},[44,124257,124259],{"className":46,"code":124258,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124260,124261,124273,124282,124286,124300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124262,124263,124265,124267,124269,124271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124264,34042],{"class":59},[53,124266,64],{"class":63},[53,124268,84],{"class":71},[53,124270,49604],{"class":75},[53,124272,2715],{"class":71},[53,124274,124275,124277,124279],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124276,1569],{"class":59},[53,124278,64],{"class":63},[53,124280,124281],{"class":273}," 123\n",[53,124283,124284],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124285,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124287,124288,124290,124292,124294,124296,124298],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124289,132],{"class":131},[53,124291,116],{"class":67},[53,124293,2578],{"class":550},[53,124295,116],{"class":67},[53,124297,34063],{"class":112},[53,124299,1377],{"class":67},[53,124301,124302,124304,124306,124308,124310,124312],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,124303,132],{"class":131},[53,124305,116],{"class":67},[53,124307,2578],{"class":550},[53,124309,116],{"class":67},[53,124311,1592],{"class":112},[53,124313,1377],{"class":67},[20,124315,772],{},[44,124317,124319],{"className":46,"code":124318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124320,124321,124335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124322,124323,124325,124327,124329,124331,124333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124324,2647],{"class":63},[53,124326,2650],{"class":1415},[53,124328,165],{"class":71},[53,124330,2801],{"class":75},[53,124332,156],{"class":71},[53,124334,2659],{"class":63},[53,124336,124337,124339,124341,124343,124345,124347],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124338,2647],{"class":63},[53,124340,2650],{"class":1415},[53,124342,165],{"class":71},[53,124344,1539],{"class":75},[53,124346,156],{"class":71},[53,124348,2659],{"class":63},[20,124350,124351,124352,37],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[464,124353,124354],{"href":50334},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[39,124356,124358],{"id":124357},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124360,124361],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124363,124364],{},"You can use single quotes:",[44,124366,124368],{"className":46,"code":124367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124369,124370,124383],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124371,124372,124375,124377,124379,124381],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124373,124374],{"class":59},"greeting ",[53,124376,64],{"class":63},[53,124378,165],{"class":71},[53,124380,3206],{"class":75},[53,124382,559],{"class":71},[53,124384,124385,124387,124389,124392],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124386,132],{"class":131},[53,124388,116],{"class":67},[53,124390,124391],{"class":112},"greeting",[53,124393,125],{"class":67},[20,124395,124396],{},"Or double quotes:",[44,124398,124400],{"className":46,"code":124399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124401,124402,124414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124403,124404,124406,124408,124410,124412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124405,124374],{"class":59},[53,124407,64],{"class":63},[53,124409,84],{"class":71},[53,124411,3206],{"class":75},[53,124413,2715],{"class":71},[53,124415,124416,124418,124420,124422],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124417,132],{"class":131},[53,124419,116],{"class":67},[53,124421,124391],{"class":112},[53,124423,125],{"class":67},[20,124425,124426],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124428,124429],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[39,124431,124433],{"id":124432},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124435,124436],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124438,124439,124440,1219,124442,191],{},"Use either ",[15,124441,5634],{},[15,124443,3134],{},[44,124445,124447],{"className":46,"code":124446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124448,124449,124458,124467,124471,124482,124493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124450,124451,124454,124456],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124452,124453],{"class":59},"empty1 ",[53,124455,64],{"class":63},[53,124457,7247],{"class":71},[53,124459,124460,124463,124465],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124461,124462],{"class":59},"empty2 ",[53,124464,64],{"class":63},[53,124466,46853],{"class":71},[53,124468,124469],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124470,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124472,124473,124475,124477,124480],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124474,132],{"class":131},[53,124476,116],{"class":67},[53,124478,124479],{"class":112},"empty1",[53,124481,125],{"class":67},[53,124483,124484,124486,124488,124491],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,124485,132],{"class":131},[53,124487,116],{"class":67},[53,124489,124490],{"class":112},"empty2",[53,124492,125],{"class":67},[53,124494,124495,124497,124499,124501,124503,124505],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,124496,132],{"class":131},[53,124498,116],{"class":67},[53,124500,2578],{"class":550},[53,124502,116],{"class":67},[53,124504,124479],{"class":112},[53,124506,1377],{"class":67},[20,124508,772],{},[44,124510,124511],{"className":46,"code":45127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,124512,124513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124514,124515,124517,124519,124521,124523,124525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124516,2647],{"class":63},[53,124518,2650],{"class":1415},[53,124520,165],{"class":71},[53,124522,2801],{"class":75},[53,124524,156],{"class":71},[53,124526,2659],{"class":63},[20,124528,124529],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[39,124531,124533],{"id":124532},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124535,124536],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124538,124539],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[44,124541,124543],{"className":46,"code":124542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124544,124545,124556,124561,124568,124572],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124546,124547,124549,124551,124554],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124548,89366],{"class":59},[53,124550,64],{"class":63},[53,124552,124553],{"class":71}," \"\"\"",[53,124555,88308],{"class":75},[53,124557,124558],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124559,124560],{"class":75},"Welcome to Python\n",[53,124562,124563,124566],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124564,124565],{"class":75},"Have a nice day",[53,124567,42692],{"class":71},[53,124569,124570],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124571,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124573,124574,124576,124578,124580],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,124575,132],{"class":131},[53,124577,116],{"class":67},[53,124579,89383],{"class":112},[53,124581,125],{"class":67},[20,124583,124584],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[44,124586,124588],{"className":46,"code":124587,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124589,124590,124602,124607,124615,124619],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124591,124592,124594,124596,124599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124593,89366],{"class":59},[53,124595,64],{"class":63},[53,124597,124598],{"class":71}," '''",[53,124600,124601],{"class":75},"Line 1\n",[53,124603,124604],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124605,124606],{"class":75},"Line 2\n",[53,124608,124609,124612],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124610,124611],{"class":75},"Line 3",[53,124613,124614],{"class":71},"'''\n",[53,124616,124617],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124618,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124620,124621,124623,124625,124627],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,124622,132],{"class":131},[53,124624,116],{"class":67},[53,124626,89383],{"class":112},[53,124628,125],{"class":67},[20,124630,124631],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124633,124634],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[39,124636,124638],{"id":124637},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124640,1329,124641,124643],{},[15,124642,47041],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124645,124646],{},"Example with a number:",[44,124648,124650],{"className":46,"code":124649,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124651,124652,124666,124676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124653,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124655,34042],{"class":59},[53,124657,64],{"class":63},[53,124659,48262],{"class":550},[53,124661,116],{"class":67},[53,124663,45883],{"class":273},[53,124665,125],{"class":67},[53,124667,124668,124670,124672,124674],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124669,132],{"class":131},[53,124671,116],{"class":67},[53,124673,34063],{"class":112},[53,124675,125],{"class":67},[53,124677,124678,124680,124682,124684,124686,124688],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124679,132],{"class":131},[53,124681,116],{"class":67},[53,124683,2578],{"class":550},[53,124685,116],{"class":67},[53,124687,34063],{"class":112},[53,124689,1377],{"class":67},[20,124691,772],{},[44,124693,124695],{"className":46,"code":124694,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,124696,124697,124701],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124698,124699],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124700,45969],{"class":273},[53,124702,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711,124713],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124704,2647],{"class":63},[53,124706,2650],{"class":1415},[53,124708,165],{"class":71},[53,124710,2801],{"class":75},[53,124712,156],{"class":71},[53,124714,2659],{"class":63},[20,124716,124717],{},"You can also convert other values:",[44,124719,124721],{"className":46,"code":124720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,124722,124723,124737],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124724,124725,124727,124729,124731,124733,124735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124726,132],{"class":131},[53,124728,116],{"class":67},[53,124730,2801],{"class":550},[53,124732,116],{"class":67},[53,124734,2963],{"class":938},[53,124736,1377],{"class":67},[53,124738,124739,124741,124743,124745,124747,124749],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124740,132],{"class":131},[53,124742,116],{"class":67},[53,124744,2801],{"class":550},[53,124746,116],{"class":67},[53,124748,39497],{"class":273},[53,124750,1377],{"class":67},[20,124752,124753],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[44,124755,124757],{"className":46,"code":124756,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124758,124759,124767,124789,124793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124760,124761,124763,124765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124762,20983],{"class":59},[53,124764,64],{"class":63},[53,124766,44582],{"class":273},[53,124768,124769,124771,124773,124775,124777,124779,124781,124783,124785,124787],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124770,89366],{"class":59},[53,124772,64],{"class":63},[53,124774,84],{"class":71},[53,124776,88784],{"class":75},[53,124778,72],{"class":71},[53,124780,1808],{"class":63},[53,124782,48262],{"class":550},[53,124784,116],{"class":67},[53,124786,8667],{"class":112},[53,124788,125],{"class":67},[53,124790,124791],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124792,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124794,124795,124797,124799,124801],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124796,132],{"class":131},[53,124798,116],{"class":67},[53,124800,89383],{"class":112},[53,124802,125],{"class":67},[20,124804,124805,124806,1219,124810,37],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[464,124807,2934,124808,2867],{"href":41530},[15,124809,47041],{},[464,124811,124812],{"href":122524},"how to convert int to string in Python",[39,124814,124816],{"id":124815},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,124818,124819],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,124821,124822],{},"Both of these are valid:",[44,124824,124826],{"className":46,"code":124825,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,124827,124828,124840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124829,124830,124832,124834,124836,124838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124831,1908],{"class":59},[53,124833,64],{"class":63},[53,124835,165],{"class":71},[53,124837,6660],{"class":75},[53,124839,559],{"class":71},[53,124841,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124843,1936],{"class":59},[53,124845,64],{"class":63},[53,124847,84],{"class":71},[53,124849,6660],{"class":75},[53,124851,2715],{"class":71},[20,124853,124854],{},"A common rule is:",[193,124856,124857,124860,124863],{},[196,124858,124859],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[196,124861,124862],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[196,124864,124865],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,124867,1559],{},[44,124869,124871],{"className":46,"code":124870,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,124872,124873,124887,124901,124905,124916],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124874,124875,124878,124880,124882,124885],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124876,124877],{"class":59},"text1 ",[53,124879,64],{"class":63},[53,124881,84],{"class":71},[53,124883,124884],{"class":75},"It's working",[53,124886,2715],{"class":71},[53,124888,124889,124892,124894,124896,124899],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124890,124891],{"class":59},"text2 ",[53,124893,64],{"class":63},[53,124895,165],{"class":71},[53,124897,124898],{"class":75},"She said \"hello\"",[53,124900,559],{"class":71},[53,124902,124903],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,124904,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,124906,124907,124909,124911,124914],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,124908,132],{"class":131},[53,124910,116],{"class":67},[53,124912,124913],{"class":112},"text1",[53,124915,125],{"class":67},[53,124917,124918,124920,124922,124925],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,124919,132],{"class":131},[53,124921,116],{"class":67},[53,124923,124924],{"class":112},"text2",[53,124926,125],{"class":67},[20,124928,124929],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[39,124931,124933],{"id":124932},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,124935,124936],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,124938,124939],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[44,124941,124943],{"className":46,"code":124942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,124944,124945,124950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124946,124947],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124948,124949],{"class":3024},"# This will cause an error\n",[53,124951,124952],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124953,124954],{"class":3024},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,124956,124957,124958,34684,124960,124963],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,124959,156],{},[15,124961,124962],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,124965,124966],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[44,124968,124970],{"className":46,"code":124969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,124971,124972,124991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,124973,124974,124976,124978,124980,124983,124986,124989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,124975,34042],{"class":59},[53,124977,64],{"class":63},[53,124979,165],{"class":71},[53,124981,124982],{"class":75},"It",[53,124984,124985],{"class":33807},"\\'",[53,124987,124988],{"class":75},"s working",[53,124990,559],{"class":71},[53,124992,124993,124995,124997,124999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,124994,132],{"class":131},[53,124996,116],{"class":67},[53,124998,34063],{"class":112},[53,125000,125],{"class":67},[20,125002,125003],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[44,125005,125007],{"className":46,"code":125006,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125008,125009,125021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125010,125011,125013,125015,125017,125019],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125012,34042],{"class":59},[53,125014,64],{"class":63},[53,125016,84],{"class":71},[53,125018,124884],{"class":75},[53,125020,2715],{"class":71},[53,125022,125023,125025,125027,125029],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125024,132],{"class":131},[53,125026,116],{"class":67},[53,125028,34063],{"class":112},[53,125030,125],{"class":67},[20,125032,125033],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125035,125036,125037,37],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[464,125038,125040],{"href":125039},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[39,125042,2185],{"id":2184},[20,125044,125045],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[599,125047,89573],{"id":89572},[20,125049,125050],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[44,125052,125054],{"className":46,"code":125053,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125055,125056,125060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125057,125058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125059,124949],{"class":3024},[53,125061,125062],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125063,125064],{"class":3024},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125066,125067,125068,7969,125071,125073],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125069,125070],{},"NameError",[15,125072,4362],{}," is not defined.",[20,125075,10174],{},[44,125077,125079],{"className":46,"code":125078,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125080,125081,125093],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125082,125083,125085,125087,125089,125091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125084,7242],{"class":59},[53,125086,64],{"class":63},[53,125088,84],{"class":71},[53,125090,4362],{"class":75},[53,125092,2715],{"class":71},[53,125094,125095,125097,125099,125101],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125096,132],{"class":131},[53,125098,116],{"class":67},[53,125100,7032],{"class":112},[53,125102,125],{"class":67},[599,125104,125106],{"id":125105},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125108,125109],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[44,125111,125113],{"className":46,"code":125112,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125114,125115,125119],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125116,125117],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125118,124949],{"class":3024},[53,125120,125121],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125122,125123],{"class":3024},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125125,125126],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[44,125128,125130],{"className":46,"code":125129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125131,125132,125149,125162,125166,125176],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125133,125134,125136,125138,125140,125142,125144,125147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125135,124877],{"class":59},[53,125137,64],{"class":63},[53,125139,165],{"class":71},[53,125141,124982],{"class":75},[53,125143,124985],{"class":33807},[53,125145,125146],{"class":75},"s good",[53,125148,559],{"class":71},[53,125150,125151,125153,125155,125157,125160],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125152,124891],{"class":59},[53,125154,64],{"class":63},[53,125156,84],{"class":71},[53,125158,125159],{"class":75},"It's good",[53,125161,2715],{"class":71},[53,125163,125164],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125165,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,125167,125168,125170,125172,125174],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,125169,132],{"class":131},[53,125171,116],{"class":67},[53,125173,124913],{"class":112},[53,125175,125],{"class":67},[53,125177,125178,125180,125182,125184],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,125179,132],{"class":131},[53,125181,116],{"class":67},[53,125183,124924],{"class":112},[53,125185,125],{"class":67},[599,125187,125189],{"id":125188},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125191,125192],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[44,125194,125196],{"className":46,"code":125195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125197,125198,125210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125199,125200,125202,125204,125206,125208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125201,34042],{"class":59},[53,125203,64],{"class":63},[53,125205,124553],{"class":71},[53,125207,3206],{"class":75},[53,125209,42692],{"class":71},[53,125211,125212,125214,125216,125218],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125213,132],{"class":131},[53,125215,116],{"class":67},[53,125217,34063],{"class":112},[53,125219,125],{"class":67},[20,125221,125222],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[44,125224,125226],{"className":46,"code":125225,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125227,125228,125240],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125229,125230,125232,125234,125236,125238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125231,34042],{"class":59},[53,125233,64],{"class":63},[53,125235,84],{"class":71},[53,125237,3206],{"class":75},[53,125239,2715],{"class":71},[53,125241,125242,125244,125246,125248],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125243,132],{"class":131},[53,125245,116],{"class":67},[53,125247,34063],{"class":112},[53,125249,125],{"class":67},[599,125251,3937,125253,594,125255,125257],{"id":125252},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125254,49604],{},[15,125256,49654],{}," are the same type",[20,125259,125260],{},"They are different:",[44,125262,125264],{"className":46,"code":125263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125265,125266,125275,125288,125292,125306],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125267,125268,125271,125273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125269,125270],{"class":59},"value1 ",[53,125272,64],{"class":63},[53,125274,124281],{"class":273},[53,125276,125277,125280,125282,125284,125286],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125278,125279],{"class":59},"value2 ",[53,125281,64],{"class":63},[53,125283,84],{"class":71},[53,125285,49604],{"class":75},[53,125287,2715],{"class":71},[53,125289,125290],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125291,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,125293,125294,125296,125298,125300,125302,125304],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,125295,132],{"class":131},[53,125297,116],{"class":67},[53,125299,2578],{"class":550},[53,125301,116],{"class":67},[53,125303,84129],{"class":112},[53,125305,1377],{"class":67},[53,125307,125308,125310,125312,125314,125316,125319],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,125309,132],{"class":131},[53,125311,116],{"class":67},[53,125313,2578],{"class":550},[53,125315,116],{"class":67},[53,125317,125318],{"class":112},"value2",[53,125320,1377],{"class":67},[20,125322,772],{},[44,125324,125326],{"className":46,"code":125325,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125327,125328,125342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125329,125330,125332,125334,125336,125338,125340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125331,2647],{"class":63},[53,125333,2650],{"class":1415},[53,125335,165],{"class":71},[53,125337,1539],{"class":75},[53,125339,156],{"class":71},[53,125341,2659],{"class":63},[53,125343,125344,125346,125348,125350,125352,125354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125345,2647],{"class":63},[53,125347,2650],{"class":1415},[53,125349,165],{"class":71},[53,125351,2801],{"class":75},[53,125353,156],{"class":71},[53,125355,2659],{"class":63},[599,125357,125359],{"id":125358},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125361,125362],{},"This causes a type error:",[44,125364,125366],{"className":46,"code":125365,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125367,125368,125372,125377],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125369,125370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125371,124949],{"class":3024},[53,125373,125374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125375,125376],{"class":3024},"# age = 10\n",[53,125378,125379],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125380,125381],{"class":3024},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125383,125384,125385,191],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125386,47041],{},[44,125388,125390],{"className":46,"code":125389,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125391,125392,125400,125422,125426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125393,125394,125396,125398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125395,20983],{"class":59},[53,125397,64],{"class":63},[53,125399,1941],{"class":273},[53,125401,125402,125404,125406,125408,125410,125412,125414,125416,125418,125420],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125403,89366],{"class":59},[53,125405,64],{"class":63},[53,125407,84],{"class":71},[53,125409,88784],{"class":75},[53,125411,72],{"class":71},[53,125413,1808],{"class":63},[53,125415,48262],{"class":550},[53,125417,116],{"class":67},[53,125419,8667],{"class":112},[53,125421,125],{"class":67},[53,125423,125424],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125425,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,125427,125428,125430,125432,125434],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,125429,132],{"class":131},[53,125431,116],{"class":67},[53,125433,89383],{"class":112},[53,125435,125],{"class":67},[20,125437,125438,125439,37],{},"For this specific error, see ",[464,125440,89765],{"href":89764},[599,125442,60069],{"id":60068},[20,125444,125445],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[44,125447,125449],{"className":46,"code":125448,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125450,125451,125463,125467,125477,125491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125452,125453,125455,125457,125459,125461],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125454,34042],{"class":59},[53,125456,64],{"class":63},[53,125458,84],{"class":71},[53,125460,3206],{"class":75},[53,125462,2715],{"class":71},[53,125464,125465],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125466,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,125468,125469,125471,125473,125475],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125470,132],{"class":131},[53,125472,116],{"class":67},[53,125474,34063],{"class":112},[53,125476,125],{"class":67},[53,125478,125479,125481,125483,125485,125487,125489],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,125480,132],{"class":131},[53,125482,116],{"class":67},[53,125484,2578],{"class":550},[53,125486,116],{"class":67},[53,125488,34063],{"class":112},[53,125490,1377],{"class":67},[53,125492,125493,125495,125497,125499,125501,125503],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,125494,132],{"class":131},[53,125496,116],{"class":67},[53,125498,41134],{"class":131},[53,125500,116],{"class":67},[53,125502,34063],{"class":112},[53,125504,1377],{"class":67},[193,125506,125507,125512,125517],{},[196,125508,125509,45635],{},[15,125510,125511],{},"print(text)",[196,125513,125514,45640],{},[15,125515,125516],{},"print(type(text))",[196,125518,125519,125522],{},[15,125520,125521],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[39,125524,1187],{"id":1186},[599,125526,125528],{"id":125527},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125530,125531,125532,1219,125535,37],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125533,125534],{},"'hello'",[15,125536,63894],{},[599,125538,125540],{"id":125539},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125542,125543],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[599,125545,125547],{"id":125546},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125549,174,125550,1219,125552,37],{},[15,125551,5634],{},[15,125553,3134],{},[599,125555,125557],{"id":125556},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125559,174,125560,125562,125563,125565,125566,37],{},[15,125561,47041],{},", like ",[15,125564,79739],{},", which returns ",[15,125567,41481],{},[599,125569,125571],{"id":125570},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125573,125574],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[39,125576,1244],{"id":1243},[193,125578,125579,125583,125589,125594,125603,125607],{},[196,125580,125581],{},[464,125582,124354],{"href":50334},[196,125584,125585],{},[464,125586,2934,125587,2867],{"href":41530},[15,125588,47041],{},[196,125590,125591],{},[464,125592,125593],{"href":122524},"How to convert int to string in Python",[196,125595,125596],{},[464,125597,125599,125600,830],{"href":125598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125601,125602],{},"format()",[196,125604,125605],{},[464,125606,125040],{"href":125039},[196,125608,125609],{},[464,125610,89765],{"href":89764},[1276,125612,125613],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":125615},[125616,125617,125618,125619,125620,125621,125622,125623,125624,125633,125640],{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":124193,"depth":104,"text":124194},{"id":124357,"depth":104,"text":124358},{"id":124432,"depth":104,"text":124433},{"id":124532,"depth":104,"text":124533},{"id":124637,"depth":104,"text":124638},{"id":124815,"depth":104,"text":124816},{"id":124932,"depth":104,"text":124933},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":125625},[125626,125627,125628,125629,125631,125632],{"id":89572,"depth":128,"text":89573},{"id":125105,"depth":128,"text":125106},{"id":125188,"depth":128,"text":125189},{"id":125252,"depth":128,"text":125630},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125358,"depth":128,"text":125359},{"id":60068,"depth":128,"text":60069},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":125634},[125635,125636,125637,125638,125639],{"id":125527,"depth":128,"text":125528},{"id":125539,"depth":128,"text":125540},{"id":125546,"depth":128,"text":125547},{"id":125556,"depth":128,"text":125557},{"id":125570,"depth":128,"text":125571},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124055,"description":125641},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125648,"title":125649,"body":125650,"description":127564,"extension":1312,"meta":127565,"navigation":383,"path":127566,"seo":127567,"stem":127568,"__hash__":127569},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125651,"toc":127525},[125652,125658,125663,125671,125673,125740,125742,125754,125763,125768,125772,125789,125791,125856,125858,125870,125875,125877,125905,125926,125929,125968,125970,125978,125982,125986,125990,125998,126001,126042,126044,126052,126055,126112,126114,126122,126126,126131,126175,126177,126185,126194,126198,126203,126251,126253,126261,126267,126269,126273,126285,126290,126369,126371,126391,126395,126399,126439,126441,126449,126453,126496,126498,126506,126510,126550,126552,126560,126564,126620,126622,126630,126636,126638,126642,126652,126719,126721,126734,126741,126784,126786,126794,126798,126801,126857,126859,126867,126870,126872,126949,126951,126959,126968,126970,126974,126978,126980,127002,127005,127052,127056,127095,127097,127105,127107,127149,127156,127161,127223,127225,127237,127243,127248,127297,127299,127318,127324,127326,127345,127347,127438,127440,127446,127453,127459,127465,127470,127479,127486,127494,127496,127522],[10,125653,122599,125655,18],{"id":125654},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125656,125657],{},"endswith()",[20,125659,122604,125660,125662],{},[15,125661,125657],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,125664,125665,125666,1219,125668,125670],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,125667,2963],{},[15,125669,3035],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[39,125672,42],{"id":41},[44,125674,125676],{"className":46,"code":125675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125677,125678,125692,125717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125679,125680,125683,125685,125687,125690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125681,125682],{"class":59},"filename ",[53,125684,64],{"class":63},[53,125686,84],{"class":71},[53,125688,125689],{"class":75},"report.csv",[53,125691,2715],{"class":71},[53,125693,125694,125696,125698,125701,125703,125706,125708,125710,125713,125715],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125695,132],{"class":131},[53,125697,116],{"class":67},[53,125699,125700],{"class":112},"filename",[53,125702,37],{"class":67},[53,125704,125705],{"class":112},"endswith",[53,125707,116],{"class":67},[53,125709,72],{"class":71},[53,125711,125712],{"class":75},".csv",[53,125714,72],{"class":71},[53,125716,1377],{"class":67},[53,125718,125719,125721,125723,125725,125727,125729,125731,125733,125736,125738],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125720,132],{"class":131},[53,125722,116],{"class":67},[53,125724,125700],{"class":112},[53,125726,37],{"class":67},[53,125728,125705],{"class":112},[53,125730,116],{"class":67},[53,125732,72],{"class":71},[53,125734,125735],{"class":75},".txt",[53,125737,72],{"class":71},[53,125739,1377],{"class":67},[20,125741,772],{},[44,125743,125744],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,125745,125746,125750],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125747,125748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125749,3340],{"class":938},[53,125751,125752],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125753,3401],{"class":938},[20,125755,174,125756,4729,125758,1219,125760,125762],{},[15,125757,125657],{},[15,125759,2963],{},[15,125761,3035],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[39,125764,183,125766,186],{"id":125765},"what-endswith-does",[15,125767,125657],{},[20,125769,125770,191],{},[15,125771,125657],{},[193,125773,125774,125777,125783,125786],{},[196,125775,125776],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[196,125778,10789,125779,1219,125781],{},[15,125780,2963],{},[15,125782,3035],{},[196,125784,125785],{},"Does not change the original string",[196,125787,125788],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,125790,1559],{},[44,125792,125794],{"className":46,"code":125793,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,125795,125796,125808,125812,125834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125797,125798,125800,125802,125804,125806],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125799,34042],{"class":59},[53,125801,64],{"class":63},[53,125803,84],{"class":71},[53,125805,59765],{"class":75},[53,125807,2715],{"class":71},[53,125809,125810],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125811,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,125813,125814,125816,125818,125820,125822,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,125815,132],{"class":131},[53,125817,116],{"class":67},[53,125819,34063],{"class":112},[53,125821,37],{"class":67},[53,125823,125705],{"class":112},[53,125825,116],{"class":67},[53,125827,72],{"class":71},[53,125829,59950],{"class":75},[53,125831,72],{"class":71},[53,125833,1377],{"class":67},[53,125835,125836,125838,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848,125850,125852,125854],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,125837,132],{"class":131},[53,125839,116],{"class":67},[53,125841,34063],{"class":112},[53,125843,37],{"class":67},[53,125845,125705],{"class":112},[53,125847,116],{"class":67},[53,125849,72],{"class":71},[53,125851,3206],{"class":75},[53,125853,72],{"class":71},[53,125855,1377],{"class":67},[20,125857,772],{},[44,125859,125860],{"className":46,"code":43530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,125861,125862,125866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125863,125864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125865,3340],{"class":938},[53,125867,125868],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125869,3401],{"class":938},[20,125871,125872,125873,37],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[464,125874,124354],{"href":50334},[39,125876,217],{"id":216},[44,125878,125880],{"className":46,"code":125879,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,125881,125882],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125883,125884,125886,125888,125890,125892,125895,125897,125899,125901,125903],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125885,60533],{"class":59},[53,125887,37],{"class":67},[53,125889,125705],{"class":112},[53,125891,116],{"class":67},[53,125893,125894],{"class":112},"suffix",[53,125896,81],{"class":67},[53,125898,35407],{"class":112},[53,125900,81],{"class":67},[53,125902,64400],{"class":112},[53,125904,125],{"class":67},[193,125906,125907,125912,125919],{},[196,125908,125909,125911],{},[15,125910,125894],{}," is required",[196,125913,125914,594,125916,125918],{},[15,125915,35428],{},[15,125917,52019],{}," are optional",[196,125920,125921,594,125923,125925],{},[15,125922,35428],{},[15,125924,52019],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,125927,125928],{},"Basic example:",[44,125930,125932],{"className":46,"code":125931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,125933,125934,125946],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125935,125936,125938,125940,125942,125944],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125937,125682],{"class":59},[53,125939,64],{"class":63},[53,125941,84],{"class":71},[53,125943,86254],{"class":75},[53,125945,2715],{"class":71},[53,125947,125948,125950,125952,125954,125956,125958,125960,125962,125964,125966],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,125949,132],{"class":131},[53,125951,116],{"class":67},[53,125953,125700],{"class":112},[53,125955,37],{"class":67},[53,125957,125705],{"class":112},[53,125959,116],{"class":67},[53,125961,72],{"class":71},[53,125963,125735],{"class":75},[53,125965,72],{"class":71},[53,125967,1377],{"class":67},[20,125969,772],{},[44,125971,125972],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,125973,125974],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,125975,125976],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,125977,3340],{"class":938},[39,125979,125981],{"id":125980},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[599,125983,125984],{"id":125894},[15,125985,125894],{},[20,125987,125988,30103],{},[15,125989,125894],{},[193,125991,125992,125995],{},[196,125993,125994],{},"A single string",[196,125996,125997],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,125999,126000],{},"Single suffix:",[44,126002,126004],{"className":46,"code":126003,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126005,126006,126019],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126007,126008,126010,126012,126014,126017],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126009,7242],{"class":59},[53,126011,64],{"class":63},[53,126013,84],{"class":71},[53,126015,126016],{"class":75},"image.png",[53,126018,2715],{"class":71},[53,126020,126021,126023,126025,126027,126029,126031,126033,126035,126038,126040],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126022,132],{"class":131},[53,126024,116],{"class":67},[53,126026,7032],{"class":112},[53,126028,37],{"class":67},[53,126030,125705],{"class":112},[53,126032,116],{"class":67},[53,126034,72],{"class":71},[53,126036,126037],{"class":75},".png",[53,126039,72],{"class":71},[53,126041,1377],{"class":67},[20,126043,772],{},[44,126045,126046],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126047,126048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126049,126050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126051,3340],{"class":938},[20,126053,126054],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[44,126056,126058],{"className":46,"code":126057,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126059,126060,126072],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126061,126062,126064,126066,126068,126070],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126063,7242],{"class":59},[53,126065,64],{"class":63},[53,126067,84],{"class":71},[53,126069,126016],{"class":75},[53,126071,2715],{"class":71},[53,126073,126074,126076,126078,126080,126082,126084,126086,126088,126091,126093,126095,126097,126099,126101,126103,126105,126108,126110],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126075,132],{"class":131},[53,126077,116],{"class":67},[53,126079,7032],{"class":112},[53,126081,37],{"class":67},[53,126083,125705],{"class":112},[53,126085,4871],{"class":67},[53,126087,72],{"class":71},[53,126089,126090],{"class":75},".jpg",[53,126092,72],{"class":71},[53,126094,81],{"class":67},[53,126096,84],{"class":71},[53,126098,126037],{"class":75},[53,126100,72],{"class":71},[53,126102,81],{"class":67},[53,126104,84],{"class":71},[53,126106,126107],{"class":75},".gif",[53,126109,72],{"class":71},[53,126111,2267],{"class":67},[20,126113,772],{},[44,126115,126116],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126117,126118],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126119,126120],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126121,3340],{"class":938},[599,126123,126124],{"id":35428},[15,126125,35428],{},[20,126127,126128,126130],{},[15,126129,35428],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[44,126132,126134],{"className":46,"code":126133,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126135,126136,126149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126137,126138,126140,126142,126144,126147],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126139,34042],{"class":59},[53,126141,64],{"class":63},[53,126143,84],{"class":71},[53,126145,126146],{"class":75},"my_report.csv",[53,126148,2715],{"class":71},[53,126150,126151,126153,126155,126157,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126152,132],{"class":131},[53,126154,116],{"class":67},[53,126156,34063],{"class":112},[53,126158,37],{"class":67},[53,126160,125705],{"class":112},[53,126162,116],{"class":67},[53,126164,72],{"class":71},[53,126166,125712],{"class":75},[53,126168,72],{"class":71},[53,126170,81],{"class":67},[53,126172,284],{"class":273},[53,126174,1377],{"class":67},[20,126176,772],{},[44,126178,126179],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126180,126181],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126182,126183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126184,3340],{"class":938},[20,126186,126187,126188,126190,126191,37],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126189,1412],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126192,126193],{},"\"report.csv\"",[599,126195,126196],{"id":52019},[15,126197,52019],{},[20,126199,126200,126202],{},[15,126201,52019],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[44,126204,126206],{"className":46,"code":126205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126207,126208,126221],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126209,126210,126212,126214,126216,126219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126211,34042],{"class":59},[53,126213,64],{"class":63},[53,126215,84],{"class":71},[53,126217,126218],{"class":75},"report.csv backup",[53,126220,2715],{"class":71},[53,126222,126223,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233,126235,126237,126239,126241,126243,126245,126247,126249],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126224,132],{"class":131},[53,126226,116],{"class":67},[53,126228,34063],{"class":112},[53,126230,37],{"class":67},[53,126232,125705],{"class":112},[53,126234,116],{"class":67},[53,126236,72],{"class":71},[53,126238,125712],{"class":75},[53,126240,72],{"class":71},[53,126242,81],{"class":67},[53,126244,3194],{"class":273},[53,126246,81],{"class":67},[53,126248,5366],{"class":273},[53,126250,1377],{"class":67},[20,126252,772],{},[44,126254,126255],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126256,126257],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126258,126259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126260,3340],{"class":938},[20,126262,126263,126264,126266],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126265,126193],{}," and ignores the rest.",[39,126268,16778],{"id":16777},[20,126270,126271,24863],{},[15,126272,125657],{},[193,126274,126275,126280],{},[196,126276,126277,126279],{},[15,126278,2963],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[196,126281,126282,126284],{},[15,126283,3035],{}," if it does not",[20,126286,126287,126288,6535],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126289,1106],{},[44,126291,126293],{"className":46,"code":126292,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126294,126295,126308,126312,126333,126348,126354],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126296,126297,126299,126301,126303,126306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126298,125682],{"class":59},[53,126300,64],{"class":63},[53,126302,84],{"class":71},[53,126304,126305],{"class":75},"data.csv",[53,126307,2715],{"class":71},[53,126309,126310],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126311,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,126313,126314,126316,126319,126321,126323,126325,126327,126329,126331],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,126315,1106],{"class":1105},[53,126317,126318],{"class":59}," filename",[53,126320,37],{"class":67},[53,126322,125705],{"class":112},[53,126324,116],{"class":67},[53,126326,72],{"class":71},[53,126328,125712],{"class":75},[53,126330,72],{"class":71},[53,126332,7709],{"class":67},[53,126334,126335,126337,126339,126341,126344,126346],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,126336,7435],{"class":131},[53,126338,116],{"class":67},[53,126340,72],{"class":71},[53,126342,126343],{"class":75},"This is a CSV file.",[53,126345,72],{"class":71},[53,126347,125],{"class":67},[53,126349,126350,126352],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,126351,26789],{"class":1105},[53,126353,1120],{"class":67},[53,126355,126356,126358,126360,126362,126365,126367],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,126357,7435],{"class":131},[53,126359,116],{"class":67},[53,126361,72],{"class":71},[53,126363,126364],{"class":75},"This is not a CSV file.",[53,126366,72],{"class":71},[53,126368,125],{"class":67},[20,126370,772],{},[44,126372,126374],{"className":46,"code":126373,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126375,126376],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126377,126378,126380,126382,126384,126387,126389],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126379,49237],{"class":59},[53,126381,11558],{"class":63},[53,126383,43901],{"class":59},[53,126385,126386],{"class":33807},"CSV",[53,126388,85995],{"class":85994},[53,126390,121631],{"class":67},[39,126392,126394],{"id":126393},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[599,126396,126398],{"id":126397},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[44,126400,126402],{"className":46,"code":126401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126403,126404,126417],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126405,126406,126408,126410,126412,126415],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126407,125682],{"class":59},[53,126409,64],{"class":63},[53,126411,84],{"class":71},[53,126413,126414],{"class":75},"sales.csv",[53,126416,2715],{"class":71},[53,126418,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431,126433,126435,126437],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126420,132],{"class":131},[53,126422,116],{"class":67},[53,126424,125700],{"class":112},[53,126426,37],{"class":67},[53,126428,125705],{"class":112},[53,126430,116],{"class":67},[53,126432,72],{"class":71},[53,126434,125712],{"class":75},[53,126436,72],{"class":71},[53,126438,1377],{"class":67},[20,126440,772],{},[44,126442,126443],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126444,126445],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126446,126447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126448,3340],{"class":938},[599,126450,126452],{"id":126451},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[44,126454,126456],{"className":46,"code":126455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126457,126458,126472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126459,126460,126463,126465,126467,126470],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126461,126462],{"class":59},"url ",[53,126464,64],{"class":63},[53,126466,84],{"class":71},[53,126468,126469],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[53,126471,2715],{"class":71},[53,126473,126474,126476,126478,126481,126483,126485,126487,126489,126492,126494],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126475,132],{"class":131},[53,126477,116],{"class":67},[53,126479,126480],{"class":112},"url",[53,126482,37],{"class":67},[53,126484,125705],{"class":112},[53,126486,116],{"class":67},[53,126488,72],{"class":71},[53,126490,126491],{"class":75},"\u002F",[53,126493,72],{"class":71},[53,126495,1377],{"class":67},[20,126497,772],{},[44,126499,126500],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126501,126502],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126503,126504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126505,3340],{"class":938},[599,126507,126509],{"id":126508},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[44,126511,126513],{"className":46,"code":126512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126514,126515,126528],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126516,126517,126519,126521,126523,126526],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126518,89366],{"class":59},[53,126520,64],{"class":63},[53,126522,84],{"class":71},[53,126524,126525],{"class":75},"Hello!",[53,126527,2715],{"class":71},[53,126529,126530,126532,126534,126536,126538,126540,126542,126544,126546,126548],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126531,132],{"class":131},[53,126533,116],{"class":67},[53,126535,89383],{"class":112},[53,126537,37],{"class":67},[53,126539,125705],{"class":112},[53,126541,116],{"class":67},[53,126543,72],{"class":71},[53,126545,89207],{"class":75},[53,126547,72],{"class":71},[53,126549,1377],{"class":67},[20,126551,772],{},[44,126553,126554],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126555,126556],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126557,126558],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126559,3340],{"class":938},[599,126561,126563],{"id":126562},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[44,126565,126567],{"className":46,"code":126566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126568,126569,126582],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126570,126571,126573,126575,126577,126580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126572,125682],{"class":59},[53,126574,64],{"class":63},[53,126576,84],{"class":71},[53,126578,126579],{"class":75},"photo.jpg",[53,126581,2715],{"class":71},[53,126583,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594,126596,126598,126600,126602,126604,126606,126608,126610,126612,126614,126616,126618],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126585,132],{"class":131},[53,126587,116],{"class":67},[53,126589,125700],{"class":112},[53,126591,37],{"class":67},[53,126593,125705],{"class":112},[53,126595,4871],{"class":67},[53,126597,72],{"class":71},[53,126599,126090],{"class":75},[53,126601,72],{"class":71},[53,126603,81],{"class":67},[53,126605,84],{"class":71},[53,126607,126037],{"class":75},[53,126609,72],{"class":71},[53,126611,81],{"class":67},[53,126613,84],{"class":71},[53,126615,126107],{"class":75},[53,126617,72],{"class":71},[53,126619,2267],{"class":67},[20,126621,772],{},[44,126623,126624],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126625,126626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126627,126628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126629,3340],{"class":938},[20,126631,126632,126633,37],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[464,126634,126635],{"href":122854},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[39,126637,123246],{"id":123245},[20,126639,126640,123057],{},[15,126641,125657],{},[20,126643,126644,126645,594,126648,126651],{},"That means ",[15,126646,126647],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126649,126650],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[44,126653,126655],{"className":46,"code":126654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126656,126657,126670,126674,126696],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126658,126659,126661,126663,126665,126668],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126660,125682],{"class":59},[53,126662,64],{"class":63},[53,126664,84],{"class":71},[53,126666,126667],{"class":75},"REPORT.CSV",[53,126669,2715],{"class":71},[53,126671,126672],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126673,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,126675,126676,126678,126680,126682,126684,126686,126688,126690,126692,126694],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,126677,132],{"class":131},[53,126679,116],{"class":67},[53,126681,125700],{"class":112},[53,126683,37],{"class":67},[53,126685,125705],{"class":112},[53,126687,116],{"class":67},[53,126689,72],{"class":71},[53,126691,125712],{"class":75},[53,126693,72],{"class":71},[53,126695,1377],{"class":67},[53,126697,126698,126700,126702,126704,126706,126708,126710,126712,126715,126717],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,126699,132],{"class":131},[53,126701,116],{"class":67},[53,126703,125700],{"class":112},[53,126705,37],{"class":67},[53,126707,125705],{"class":112},[53,126709,116],{"class":67},[53,126711,72],{"class":71},[53,126713,126714],{"class":75},".CSV",[53,126716,72],{"class":71},[53,126718,1377],{"class":67},[20,126720,772],{},[44,126722,126724],{"className":46,"code":126723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"False\nTrue\n",[15,126725,126726,126730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126727,126728],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126729,3401],{"class":938},[53,126731,126732],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126733,3340],{"class":938},[20,126735,126736,126737,37],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[464,126738,126739],{"href":123326},[15,126740,123329],{},[44,126742,126744],{"className":46,"code":126743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126745,126746,126758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126747,126748,126750,126752,126754,126756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126749,125682],{"class":59},[53,126751,64],{"class":63},[53,126753,84],{"class":71},[53,126755,126667],{"class":75},[53,126757,2715],{"class":71},[53,126759,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126761,132],{"class":131},[53,126763,116],{"class":67},[53,126765,125700],{"class":112},[53,126767,37],{"class":67},[53,126769,8008],{"class":112},[53,126771,8005],{"class":67},[53,126773,125705],{"class":112},[53,126775,116],{"class":67},[53,126777,72],{"class":71},[53,126779,125712],{"class":75},[53,126781,72],{"class":71},[53,126783,1377],{"class":67},[20,126785,772],{},[44,126787,126788],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126789,126790],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126791,126792],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126793,3340],{"class":938},[39,126795,126797],{"id":126796},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,126799,126800],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[44,126802,126804],{"className":46,"code":126803,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126805,126806,126819],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126807,126808,126810,126812,126814,126817],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126809,125682],{"class":59},[53,126811,64],{"class":63},[53,126813,84],{"class":71},[53,126815,126816],{"class":75},"picture.gif",[53,126818,2715],{"class":71},[53,126820,126821,126823,126825,126827,126829,126831,126833,126835,126837,126839,126841,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126822,132],{"class":131},[53,126824,116],{"class":67},[53,126826,125700],{"class":112},[53,126828,37],{"class":67},[53,126830,125705],{"class":112},[53,126832,4871],{"class":67},[53,126834,72],{"class":71},[53,126836,126090],{"class":75},[53,126838,72],{"class":71},[53,126840,81],{"class":67},[53,126842,84],{"class":71},[53,126844,126037],{"class":75},[53,126846,72],{"class":71},[53,126848,81],{"class":67},[53,126850,84],{"class":71},[53,126852,126107],{"class":75},[53,126854,72],{"class":71},[53,126856,2267],{"class":67},[20,126858,772],{},[44,126860,126861],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126862,126863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126864,126865],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126866,3340],{"class":938},[20,126868,126869],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,126871,51439],{},[44,126873,126875],{"className":46,"code":126874,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,126876,126877,126890,126925,126929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126878,126879,126882,126884,126886,126888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126880,126881],{"class":59},"document ",[53,126883,64],{"class":63},[53,126885,84],{"class":71},[53,126887,86254],{"class":75},[53,126889,2715],{"class":71},[53,126891,126892,126895,126897,126899,126901,126903,126905,126907,126909,126912,126914,126916,126918,126921,126923],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,126893,126894],{"class":59},"allowed ",[53,126896,64],{"class":63},[53,126898,8605],{"class":67},[53,126900,72],{"class":71},[53,126902,125735],{"class":75},[53,126904,72],{"class":71},[53,126906,81],{"class":67},[53,126908,84],{"class":71},[53,126910,126911],{"class":75},".md",[53,126913,72],{"class":71},[53,126915,81],{"class":67},[53,126917,84],{"class":71},[53,126919,126920],{"class":75},".docx",[53,126922,72],{"class":71},[53,126924,125],{"class":67},[53,126926,126927],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,126928,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,126930,126931,126933,126935,126938,126940,126942,126944,126947],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,126932,132],{"class":131},[53,126934,116],{"class":67},[53,126936,126937],{"class":112},"document",[53,126939,37],{"class":67},[53,126941,125705],{"class":112},[53,126943,116],{"class":67},[53,126945,126946],{"class":112},"allowed",[53,126948,1377],{"class":67},[20,126950,772],{},[44,126952,126953],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,126954,126955],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126956,126957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126958,3340],{"class":938},[20,126960,126961,126962,37],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[464,126963,125599,126965,830],{"href":126964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,126966,126967],{},"startswith()",[39,126969,2185],{"id":2184},[20,126971,7815,126972,37],{},[15,126973,125657],{},[599,126975,126977],{"id":126976},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,126979,3883],{},[44,126981,126983],{"className":46,"code":126982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,126984,126985,126997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,126986,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,126988,125682],{"class":59},[53,126990,64],{"class":63},[53,126992,84],{"class":71},[53,126994,126579],{"class":75},[53,126996,2715],{"class":71},[53,126998,126999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127000,127001],{"class":3024},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127003,127004],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[44,127006,127008],{"className":46,"code":127007,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127009,127010,127022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127011,127012,127014,127016,127018,127020],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127013,125682],{"class":59},[53,127015,64],{"class":63},[53,127017,84],{"class":71},[53,127019,126579],{"class":75},[53,127021,2715],{"class":71},[53,127023,127024,127026,127028,127030,127032,127034,127036,127038,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127025,132],{"class":131},[53,127027,116],{"class":67},[53,127029,125700],{"class":112},[53,127031,37],{"class":67},[53,127033,125705],{"class":112},[53,127035,4871],{"class":67},[53,127037,72],{"class":71},[53,127039,126090],{"class":75},[53,127041,72],{"class":71},[53,127043,81],{"class":67},[53,127045,84],{"class":71},[53,127047,126037],{"class":75},[53,127049,72],{"class":71},[53,127051,2267],{"class":67},[599,127053,127055],{"id":127054},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[44,127057,127059],{"className":46,"code":127058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127060,127061,127073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127062,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127064,125682],{"class":59},[53,127066,64],{"class":63},[53,127068,84],{"class":71},[53,127070,126667],{"class":75},[53,127072,2715],{"class":71},[53,127074,127075,127077,127079,127081,127083,127085,127087,127089,127091,127093],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127076,132],{"class":131},[53,127078,116],{"class":67},[53,127080,125700],{"class":112},[53,127082,37],{"class":67},[53,127084,125705],{"class":112},[53,127086,116],{"class":67},[53,127088,72],{"class":71},[53,127090,125712],{"class":75},[53,127092,72],{"class":71},[53,127094,1377],{"class":67},[20,127096,772],{},[44,127098,127099],{"className":46,"code":3401,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127100,127101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127102,127103],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127104,3401],{"class":938},[20,127106,38615],{},[44,127108,127109],{"className":46,"code":126743,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127110,127111,127123],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127112,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127114,125682],{"class":59},[53,127116,64],{"class":63},[53,127118,84],{"class":71},[53,127120,126667],{"class":75},[53,127122,2715],{"class":71},[53,127124,127125,127127,127129,127131,127133,127135,127137,127139,127141,127143,127145,127147],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127126,132],{"class":131},[53,127128,116],{"class":67},[53,127130,125700],{"class":112},[53,127132,37],{"class":67},[53,127134,8008],{"class":112},[53,127136,8005],{"class":67},[53,127138,125705],{"class":112},[53,127140,116],{"class":67},[53,127142,72],{"class":71},[53,127144,125712],{"class":75},[53,127146,72],{"class":71},[53,127148,1377],{"class":67},[599,127150,1151,127152,1154,127154],{"id":127151},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127153,125657],{},[15,127155,1067],{},[20,127157,127158,127160],{},[15,127159,125657],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[44,127162,127164],{"className":46,"code":127163,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127165,127166,127179,127183,127205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127167,127168,127170,127172,127174,127177],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127169,34042],{"class":59},[53,127171,64],{"class":63},[53,127173,84],{"class":71},[53,127175,127176],{"class":75},"my_report.csv.backup",[53,127178,2715],{"class":71},[53,127180,127181],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127182,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,127184,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197,127199,127201,127203],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,127186,132],{"class":131},[53,127188,116],{"class":67},[53,127190,34063],{"class":112},[53,127192,37],{"class":67},[53,127194,125705],{"class":112},[53,127196,116],{"class":67},[53,127198,72],{"class":71},[53,127200,125712],{"class":75},[53,127202,72],{"class":71},[53,127204,1377],{"class":67},[53,127206,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219,127221],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,127208,132],{"class":131},[53,127210,116],{"class":67},[53,127212,72],{"class":71},[53,127214,125712],{"class":75},[53,127216,72],{"class":71},[53,127218,1115],{"class":1105},[53,127220,42197],{"class":112},[53,127222,125],{"class":67},[20,127224,772],{},[44,127226,127227],{"className":46,"code":126723,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,127228,127229,127233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127230,127231],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127232,3401],{"class":938},[53,127234,127235],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127236,3340],{"class":938},[599,127238,838,127240,127242],{"id":127239},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127241,125657],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127244,127245,127247],{},[15,127246,125657],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[44,127249,127251],{"className":46,"code":127250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127252,127253,127265,127287],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127254,127255,127257,127259,127261,127263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127256,125682],{"class":59},[53,127258,64],{"class":63},[53,127260,84],{"class":71},[53,127262,125689],{"class":75},[53,127264,2715],{"class":71},[53,127266,127267,127269,127271,127273,127275,127277,127279,127281,127283,127285],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127268,132],{"class":131},[53,127270,116],{"class":67},[53,127272,125700],{"class":112},[53,127274,37],{"class":67},[53,127276,125705],{"class":112},[53,127278,116],{"class":67},[53,127280,72],{"class":71},[53,127282,125712],{"class":75},[53,127284,72],{"class":71},[53,127286,1377],{"class":67},[53,127288,127289,127291,127293,127295],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,127290,132],{"class":131},[53,127292,116],{"class":67},[53,127294,125700],{"class":112},[53,127296,125],{"class":67},[20,127298,772],{},[44,127300,127302],{"className":46,"code":127301,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127303,127304,127308],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127305,127306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127307,3340],{"class":938},[53,127309,127310,127313,127315],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127311,127312],{"class":59},"report",[53,127314,37],{"class":67},[53,127316,127317],{"class":24104},"csv\n",[20,127319,127320,127321,37],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[464,127322,127323],{"href":123767},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127325,65422],{},[193,127327,127328,127331,127334,127337],{},[196,127329,127330],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[196,127332,127333],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[196,127335,127336],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[196,127338,7785,127339,43986,127341,1219,127343,110796],{},[15,127340,125657],{},[15,127342,123770],{},[15,127344,41008],{},[20,127346,29490],{},[44,127348,127350],{"className":46,"code":127349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127351,127352,127362,127376,127398,127424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127353,127354,127356,127358,127360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127355,132],{"class":131},[53,127357,116],{"class":67},[53,127359,34063],{"class":112},[53,127361,125],{"class":67},[53,127363,127364,127366,127368,127370,127372,127374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127365,132],{"class":131},[53,127367,116],{"class":67},[53,127369,41134],{"class":131},[53,127371,116],{"class":67},[53,127373,34063],{"class":112},[53,127375,1377],{"class":67},[53,127377,127378,127380,127382,127384,127386,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,127379,132],{"class":131},[53,127381,116],{"class":67},[53,127383,34063],{"class":112},[53,127385,37],{"class":67},[53,127387,125705],{"class":112},[53,127389,116],{"class":67},[53,127391,156],{"class":71},[53,127393,125712],{"class":75},[53,127395,156],{"class":71},[53,127397,1377],{"class":67},[53,127399,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,127401,132],{"class":131},[53,127403,116],{"class":67},[53,127405,34063],{"class":112},[53,127407,37],{"class":67},[53,127409,8008],{"class":112},[53,127411,8005],{"class":67},[53,127413,125705],{"class":112},[53,127415,116],{"class":67},[53,127417,156],{"class":71},[53,127419,125712],{"class":75},[53,127421,156],{"class":71},[53,127423,1377],{"class":67},[53,127425,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,127427,132],{"class":131},[53,127429,116],{"class":67},[53,127431,2578],{"class":550},[53,127433,116],{"class":67},[53,127435,34063],{"class":112},[53,127437,1377],{"class":67},[39,127439,1187],{"id":1186},[599,127441,1191,127443,127445],{"id":127442},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127444,125657],{}," change the string?",[20,127447,127448,127449,1219,127451,37],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127450,2963],{},[15,127452,3035],{},[599,127454,1234,127456,127458],{"id":127455},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127457,125657],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127460,127461,127462,37],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127463,127464],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[599,127466,14263,127468,123935],{"id":127467},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127469,125657],{},[20,127471,127472,127473,1219,127475,127478],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127474,123329],{},[15,127476,127477],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[599,127480,4538,127482,594,127484,1222],{"id":127481},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127483,125657],{},[15,127485,123594],{},[20,127487,127488,127490,127491,127493],{},[15,127489,125657],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127492,123594],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[39,127495,1244],{"id":1243},[193,127497,127498,127504,127510,127514,127518],{},[196,127499,127500],{},[464,127501,125599,127502,830],{"href":126964},[15,127503,126967],{},[196,127505,127506],{},[464,127507,125599,127508,830],{"href":123326},[15,127509,123329],{},[196,127511,127512],{},[464,127513,123998],{"href":122854},[196,127515,127516],{},[464,127517,124005],{"href":123767},[196,127519,127520],{},[464,127521,124354],{"href":50334},[1276,127523,127524],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":127526},[127527,127528,127530,127531,127536,127537,127543,127544,127545,127553,127563],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":125765,"depth":104,"text":127529},"What endswith() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":125980,"depth":104,"text":125981,"children":127532},[127533,127534,127535],{"id":125894,"depth":128,"text":125894},{"id":35428,"depth":128,"text":35428},{"id":52019,"depth":128,"text":52019},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":126393,"depth":104,"text":126394,"children":127538},[127539,127540,127541,127542],{"id":126397,"depth":128,"text":126398},{"id":126451,"depth":128,"text":126452},{"id":126508,"depth":128,"text":126509},{"id":126562,"depth":128,"text":126563},{"id":123245,"depth":104,"text":123246},{"id":126796,"depth":104,"text":126797},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":127546},[127547,127548,127549,127551],{"id":126976,"depth":128,"text":126977},{"id":127054,"depth":128,"text":127055},{"id":127151,"depth":128,"text":127550},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127239,"depth":128,"text":127552},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":127554},[127555,127557,127559,127561],{"id":127442,"depth":128,"text":127556},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127455,"depth":128,"text":127558},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127467,"depth":128,"text":127560},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127481,"depth":128,"text":127562},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125649,"description":127564},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127571,"title":127572,"body":127573,"description":129241,"extension":1312,"meta":129242,"navigation":383,"path":129243,"seo":129244,"stem":129245,"__hash__":129246},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127574,"toc":129214},[127575,127580,127585,127590,127595,127688,127698,127703,127708,127723,127725,127807,127815,127817,127819,127846,127848,127864,127871,127873,127981,127983,127988,128004,128006,128101,128109,128112,128118,128123,128128,128135,128274,128277,128290,128292,128296,128303,128373,128376,128425,128432,128439,128453,128458,128463,128509,128555,128571,128573,128578,128592,128595,128717,128722,128724,128729,128762,128765,128841,128843,128852,128866,128869,128953,128956,129067,129070,129098,129100,129107,129111,129117,129120,129126,129129,129136,129147,129153,129160,129162,129211],[10,127576,122599,127578,18],{"id":127577},"python-string-find-method",[15,127579,123594],{},[20,127581,122604,127582,127584],{},[15,127583,123594],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127586,127587,127588,37],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127589,65213],{},[20,127591,174,127592,127594],{},[15,127593,123594],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[44,127596,127598],{"className":46,"code":127597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127599,127600,127612,127635,127648,127652,127675],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127601,127602,127604,127606,127608,127610],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127603,34042],{"class":59},[53,127605,64],{"class":63},[53,127607,84],{"class":71},[53,127609,59765],{"class":75},[53,127611,2715],{"class":71},[53,127613,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127625,127627,127629,127631,127633],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127615,64279],{"class":59},[53,127617,64],{"class":63},[53,127619,42197],{"class":59},[53,127621,37],{"class":67},[53,127623,127624],{"class":112},"find",[53,127626,116],{"class":67},[53,127628,72],{"class":71},[53,127630,59950],{"class":75},[53,127632,72],{"class":71},[53,127634,125],{"class":67},[53,127636,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,127638,132],{"class":131},[53,127640,116],{"class":67},[53,127642,64306],{"class":112},[53,127644,3021],{"class":67},[53,127646,127647],{"class":3024},"   # 6\n",[53,127649,127650],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,127651,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,127653,127654,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,127655,127656],{"class":59},"missing ",[53,127658,64],{"class":63},[53,127660,42197],{"class":59},[53,127662,37],{"class":67},[53,127664,127624],{"class":112},[53,127666,116],{"class":67},[53,127668,72],{"class":71},[53,127670,48],{"class":75},[53,127672,72],{"class":71},[53,127674,125],{"class":67},[53,127676,127677,127679,127681,127683,127685],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,127678,132],{"class":131},[53,127680,116],{"class":67},[53,127682,26128],{"class":112},[53,127684,3021],{"class":67},[53,127686,127687],{"class":3024},"    # -1\n",[42936,127689,127690],{},[20,127691,174,127692,127694,127695,127697],{},[15,127693,123594],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,127696,65213],{}," if the substring is not found.",[39,127699,183,127701,186],{"id":127700},"what-find-does",[15,127702,123594],{},[20,127704,127705,127707],{},[15,127706,123594],{}," is a string method that:",[193,127709,127710,127713,127716,127721],{},[196,127711,127712],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[196,127714,127715],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[196,127717,10789,127718,127720],{},[15,127719,65213],{}," if no match is found",[196,127722,125785],{},[20,127724,1559],{},[44,127726,127728],{"className":46,"code":127727,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,127729,127730,127742,127746,127770,127794],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127731,127732,127734,127736,127738,127740],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127733,34042],{"class":59},[53,127735,64],{"class":63},[53,127737,84],{"class":71},[53,127739,365],{"class":75},[53,127741,2715],{"class":71},[53,127743,127744],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127745,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,127747,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760,127762,127764,127766,127768],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,127749,132],{"class":131},[53,127751,116],{"class":67},[53,127753,34063],{"class":112},[53,127755,37],{"class":67},[53,127757,127624],{"class":112},[53,127759,116],{"class":67},[53,127761,72],{"class":71},[53,127763,122692],{"class":75},[53,127765,72],{"class":71},[53,127767,4721],{"class":67},[53,127769,57003],{"class":3024},[53,127771,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786,127788,127790,127792],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,127773,132],{"class":131},[53,127775,116],{"class":67},[53,127777,34063],{"class":112},[53,127779,37],{"class":67},[53,127781,127624],{"class":112},[53,127783,116],{"class":67},[53,127785,72],{"class":71},[53,127787,1524],{"class":75},[53,127789,72],{"class":71},[53,127791,4721],{"class":67},[53,127793,127687],{"class":3024},[53,127795,127796,127798,127800,127802,127804],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,127797,132],{"class":131},[53,127799,116],{"class":67},[53,127801,34063],{"class":112},[53,127803,3021],{"class":67},[53,127805,127806],{"class":3024},"              # banana\n",[20,127808,20127,127809,127812,127813,37],{},[15,127810,127811],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,127814,300],{},[39,127816,217],{"id":216},[20,127818,1510],{},[44,127820,127822],{"className":46,"code":127821,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,127823,127824],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127825,127826,127828,127830,127832,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842,127844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127827,60533],{"class":59},[53,127829,37],{"class":67},[53,127831,127624],{"class":112},[53,127833,116],{"class":67},[53,127835,236],{"class":112},[53,127837,81],{"class":67},[53,127839,35407],{"class":112},[53,127841,81],{"class":67},[53,127843,64400],{"class":112},[53,127845,125],{"class":67},[599,127847,16754],{"id":16753},[193,127849,127850,127854,127859],{},[196,127851,127852,122791],{},[15,127853,236],{},[196,127855,127856,127858],{},[15,127857,35428],{},": optional starting position",[196,127860,127861,127863],{},[15,127862,52019],{},": optional ending position",[20,127865,127866,594,127868,127870],{},[15,127867,35428],{},[15,127869,52019],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,127872,125928],{},[44,127874,127876],{"className":46,"code":127875,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,127877,127878,127890,127894,127919,127948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,127879,127880,127882,127884,127886,127888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,127881,34042],{"class":59},[53,127883,64],{"class":63},[53,127885,84],{"class":71},[53,127887,59765],{"class":75},[53,127889,2715],{"class":71},[53,127891,127892],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,127893,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,127895,127896,127898,127900,127902,127904,127906,127908,127910,127912,127914,127916],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,127897,132],{"class":131},[53,127899,116],{"class":67},[53,127901,34063],{"class":112},[53,127903,37],{"class":67},[53,127905,127624],{"class":112},[53,127907,116],{"class":67},[53,127909,72],{"class":71},[53,127911,59832],{"class":75},[53,127913,72],{"class":71},[53,127915,4721],{"class":67},[53,127917,127918],{"class":3024},"        # 4\n",[53,127920,127921,127923,127925,127927,127929,127931,127933,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943,127945],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,127922,132],{"class":131},[53,127924,116],{"class":67},[53,127926,34063],{"class":112},[53,127928,37],{"class":67},[53,127930,127624],{"class":112},[53,127932,116],{"class":67},[53,127934,72],{"class":71},[53,127936,59832],{"class":75},[53,127938,72],{"class":71},[53,127940,81],{"class":67},[53,127942,3963],{"class":273},[53,127944,4721],{"class":67},[53,127946,127947],{"class":3024},"     # 7\n",[53,127949,127950,127952,127954,127956,127958,127960,127962,127964,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,127951,132],{"class":131},[53,127953,116],{"class":67},[53,127955,34063],{"class":112},[53,127957,37],{"class":67},[53,127959,127624],{"class":112},[53,127961,116],{"class":67},[53,127963,72],{"class":71},[53,127965,59832],{"class":75},[53,127967,72],{"class":71},[53,127969,81],{"class":67},[53,127971,3963],{"class":273},[53,127973,81],{"class":67},[53,127975,5355],{"class":273},[53,127977,4721],{"class":67},[53,127979,127980],{"class":3024},"  # -1\n",[39,127982,37373],{"id":37372},[20,127984,56902,127985,127987],{},[15,127986,123594],{}," is always an integer.",[193,127989,127990,127996,127999],{},[196,127991,127992,127993,127995],{},"A number ",[15,127994,1470],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[196,127997,127998],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[196,128000,128001,128003],{},[15,128002,65213],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128005,1559],{},[44,128007,128009],{"className":46,"code":128008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128010,128011,128023,128027,128052,128077],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128012,128013,128015,128017,128019,128021],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128014,34042],{"class":59},[53,128016,64],{"class":63},[53,128018,84],{"class":71},[53,128020,48],{"class":75},[53,128022,2715],{"class":71},[53,128024,128025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128026,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128028,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043,128046,128048,128050],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128030,132],{"class":131},[53,128032,116],{"class":67},[53,128034,34063],{"class":112},[53,128036,37],{"class":67},[53,128038,127624],{"class":112},[53,128040,116],{"class":67},[53,128042,72],{"class":71},[53,128044,128045],{"class":75},"py",[53,128047,72],{"class":71},[53,128049,4721],{"class":67},[53,128051,20124],{"class":3024},[53,128053,128054,128056,128058,128060,128062,128064,128066,128068,128071,128073,128075],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,128055,132],{"class":131},[53,128057,116],{"class":67},[53,128059,34063],{"class":112},[53,128061,37],{"class":67},[53,128063,127624],{"class":112},[53,128065,116],{"class":67},[53,128067,72],{"class":71},[53,128069,128070],{"class":75},"th",[53,128072,72],{"class":71},[53,128074,4721],{"class":67},[53,128076,57003],{"class":3024},[53,128078,128079,128081,128083,128085,128087,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,128080,132],{"class":131},[53,128082,116],{"class":67},[53,128084,34063],{"class":112},[53,128086,37],{"class":67},[53,128088,127624],{"class":112},[53,128090,116],{"class":67},[53,128092,72],{"class":71},[53,128094,21432],{"class":75},[53,128096,72],{"class":71},[53,128098,4721],{"class":67},[53,128100,127687],{"class":3024},[20,128102,89269,128103,7823,128105,1219,128107,37],{},[15,128104,123594],{},[15,128106,2963],{},[15,128108,3035],{},[20,128110,128111],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[39,128113,7785,128114,594,128116],{"id":64765},[15,128115,35428],{},[15,128117,52019],{},[20,128119,174,128120,128122],{},[15,128121,35428],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128124,174,128125,128127],{},[15,128126,52019],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128129,1329,128130,74821,128132,128134],{},[15,128131,52019],{},[30,128133,64429],{}," in the search.",[44,128136,128138],{"className":46,"code":128137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128139,128140,128153,128157,128181,128210,128242],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128141,128142,128144,128146,128148,128151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128143,34042],{"class":59},[53,128145,64],{"class":63},[53,128147,84],{"class":71},[53,128149,128150],{"class":75},"one two three two",[53,128152,2715],{"class":71},[53,128154,128155],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128156,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128158,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128160,132],{"class":131},[53,128162,116],{"class":67},[53,128164,34063],{"class":112},[53,128166,37],{"class":67},[53,128168,127624],{"class":112},[53,128170,116],{"class":67},[53,128172,72],{"class":71},[53,128174,78630],{"class":75},[53,128176,72],{"class":71},[53,128178,4721],{"class":67},[53,128180,127918],{"class":3024},[53,128182,128183,128185,128187,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,128184,132],{"class":131},[53,128186,116],{"class":67},[53,128188,34063],{"class":112},[53,128190,37],{"class":67},[53,128192,127624],{"class":112},[53,128194,116],{"class":67},[53,128196,72],{"class":71},[53,128198,78630],{"class":75},[53,128200,72],{"class":71},[53,128202,81],{"class":67},[53,128204,3963],{"class":273},[53,128206,4721],{"class":67},[53,128208,128209],{"class":3024},"     # 14\n",[53,128211,128212,128214,128216,128218,128220,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,128213,132],{"class":131},[53,128215,116],{"class":67},[53,128217,34063],{"class":112},[53,128219,37],{"class":67},[53,128221,127624],{"class":112},[53,128223,116],{"class":67},[53,128225,72],{"class":71},[53,128227,78630],{"class":75},[53,128229,72],{"class":71},[53,128231,81],{"class":67},[53,128233,3194],{"class":273},[53,128235,81],{"class":67},[53,128237,5355],{"class":273},[53,128239,4721],{"class":67},[53,128241,50294],{"class":3024},[53,128243,128244,128246,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256,128258,128260,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,128245,132],{"class":131},[53,128247,116],{"class":67},[53,128249,34063],{"class":112},[53,128251,37],{"class":67},[53,128253,127624],{"class":112},[53,128255,116],{"class":67},[53,128257,72],{"class":71},[53,128259,78630],{"class":75},[53,128261,72],{"class":71},[53,128263,81],{"class":67},[53,128265,3194],{"class":273},[53,128267,81],{"class":67},[53,128269,1811],{"class":273},[53,128271,4721],{"class":67},[53,128273,127980],{"class":3024},[20,128275,128276],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128278,128279,128280,54428,128284,37],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[464,128281,128283],{"href":128282},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[464,128285,128287,128289],{"href":128286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128288,59890],{}," string method",[39,128291,123246],{"id":123245},[20,128293,128294,123057],{},[15,128295,123594],{},[20,128297,126644,128298,594,128300,128302],{},[15,128299,89777],{},[15,128301,63894],{}," are treated as different text.",[44,128304,128306],{"className":46,"code":128305,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128307,128308,128321,128325,128349],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128309,128310,128312,128314,128316,128319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128311,34042],{"class":59},[53,128313,64],{"class":63},[53,128315,84],{"class":71},[53,128317,128318],{"class":75},"Hello World",[53,128320,2715],{"class":71},[53,128322,128323],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128324,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128326,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341,128343,128345,128347],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128328,132],{"class":131},[53,128330,116],{"class":67},[53,128332,34063],{"class":112},[53,128334,37],{"class":67},[53,128336,127624],{"class":112},[53,128338,116],{"class":67},[53,128340,72],{"class":71},[53,128342,34221],{"class":75},[53,128344,72],{"class":71},[53,128346,4721],{"class":67},[53,128348,50606],{"class":3024},[53,128350,128351,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361,128363,128365,128367,128369,128371],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,128352,132],{"class":131},[53,128354,116],{"class":67},[53,128356,34063],{"class":112},[53,128358,37],{"class":67},[53,128360,127624],{"class":112},[53,128362,116],{"class":67},[53,128364,72],{"class":71},[53,128366,3206],{"class":75},[53,128368,72],{"class":71},[53,128370,4721],{"class":67},[53,128372,127980],{"class":3024},[20,128374,128375],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[44,128377,128379],{"className":46,"code":128378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128380,128381,128393,128397],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128382,128383,128385,128387,128389,128391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128384,34042],{"class":59},[53,128386,64],{"class":63},[53,128388,84],{"class":71},[53,128390,128318],{"class":75},[53,128392,2715],{"class":71},[53,128394,128395],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128396,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128398,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128415,128417,128419,128421,128423],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128400,132],{"class":131},[53,128402,116],{"class":67},[53,128404,34063],{"class":112},[53,128406,37],{"class":67},[53,128408,8008],{"class":112},[53,128410,8005],{"class":67},[53,128412,127624],{"class":112},[53,128414,116],{"class":67},[53,128416,72],{"class":71},[53,128418,3206],{"class":75},[53,128420,72],{"class":71},[53,128422,4721],{"class":67},[53,128424,50606],{"class":3024},[39,128426,128428,9952,128430],{"id":128427},"find-vs-index",[15,128429,123594],{},[15,128431,58326],{},[20,128433,128434,594,128436,128438],{},[15,128435,123594],{},[15,128437,58326],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[193,128440,128441,128447],{},[196,128442,128443,1751,128445],{},[15,128444,123594],{},[15,128446,65213],{},[196,128448,128449,477,128451],{},[15,128450,58326],{},[15,128452,40058],{},[20,128454,174,128455,128457],{},[15,128456,123594],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128459,174,128460,128462],{},[15,128461,58326],{}," when the value must exist.",[44,128464,128466],{"className":46,"code":128465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128467,128468,128480,128484],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128469,128470,128472,128474,128476,128478],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128471,34042],{"class":59},[53,128473,64],{"class":63},[53,128475,84],{"class":71},[53,128477,3206],{"class":75},[53,128479,2715],{"class":71},[53,128481,128482],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128483,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128485,128486,128488,128490,128492,128494,128496,128498,128500,128502,128504,128506],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128487,132],{"class":131},[53,128489,116],{"class":67},[53,128491,34063],{"class":112},[53,128493,37],{"class":67},[53,128495,127624],{"class":112},[53,128497,116],{"class":67},[53,128499,72],{"class":71},[53,128501,1524],{"class":75},[53,128503,72],{"class":71},[53,128505,4721],{"class":67},[53,128507,128508],{"class":3024},"   # -1\n",[44,128510,128512],{"className":46,"code":128511,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128513,128514,128526,128530],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128515,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128517,34042],{"class":59},[53,128519,64],{"class":63},[53,128521,84],{"class":71},[53,128523,3206],{"class":75},[53,128525,2715],{"class":71},[53,128527,128528],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128529,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128531,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128533,132],{"class":131},[53,128535,116],{"class":67},[53,128537,34063],{"class":112},[53,128539,37],{"class":67},[53,128541,35201],{"class":112},[53,128543,116],{"class":67},[53,128545,72],{"class":71},[53,128547,1524],{"class":75},[53,128549,72],{"class":71},[53,128551,4721],{"class":67},[53,128553,128554],{"class":3024},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128556,128557,128558,128562,128563,128565,128566,37],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[464,128559,128560,128289],{"href":123619},[15,128561,58326],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128564,58326],{},", read ",[464,128567,25034,128568],{"href":72841},[15,128569,128570],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[39,128572,40400],{"id":40399},[20,128574,34760,128575,128577],{},[15,128576,123594],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[193,128579,128580,128583,128586,128589],{},[196,128581,128582],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[196,128584,128585],{},"Get the position of a word",[196,128587,128588],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[196,128590,128591],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128593,128594],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[44,128596,128598],{"className":46,"code":128597,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128599,128600,128613,128636,128640,128655,128671,128690,128704],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128601,128602,128604,128606,128608,128611],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128603,34042],{"class":59},[53,128605,64],{"class":63},[53,128607,84],{"class":71},[53,128609,128610],{"class":75},"name:Alice",[53,128612,2715],{"class":71},[53,128614,128615,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626,128628,128630,128632,128634],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128616,128617],{"class":59},"colon_pos ",[53,128619,64],{"class":63},[53,128621,42197],{"class":59},[53,128623,37],{"class":67},[53,128625,127624],{"class":112},[53,128627,116],{"class":67},[53,128629,72],{"class":71},[53,128631,191],{"class":75},[53,128633,72],{"class":71},[53,128635,125],{"class":67},[53,128637,128638],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128639,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128641,128642,128644,128647,128649,128651,128653],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,128643,1106],{"class":1105},[53,128645,128646],{"class":59}," colon_pos ",[53,128648,71951],{"class":63},[53,128650,1574],{"class":63},[53,128652,274],{"class":273},[53,128654,1120],{"class":67},[53,128656,128657,128660,128662,128664,128666,128669],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,128658,128659],{"class":59},"    label ",[53,128661,64],{"class":63},[53,128663,42197],{"class":59},[53,128665,74894],{"class":67},[53,128667,128668],{"class":59},"colon_pos",[53,128670,2995],{"class":67},[53,128672,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,128674,26756],{"class":59},[53,128676,64],{"class":63},[53,128678,42197],{"class":59},[53,128680,3260],{"class":67},[53,128682,128617],{"class":59},[53,128684,1409],{"class":63},[53,128686,4858],{"class":273},[53,128688,128689],{"class":67},":]\n",[53,128691,128692,128694,128696,128699,128701],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,128693,7435],{"class":131},[53,128695,116],{"class":67},[53,128697,128698],{"class":112},"label",[53,128700,3021],{"class":67},[53,128702,128703],{"class":3024},"  # name\n",[53,128705,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,128707,7435],{"class":131},[53,128709,116],{"class":67},[53,128711,236],{"class":112},[53,128713,3021],{"class":67},[53,128715,128716],{"class":3024},"  # Alice\n",[20,128718,128719,128720,37],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[464,128721,126635],{"href":122854},[39,128723,2185],{"id":2184},[20,128725,128726,128727,191],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,128728,123594],{},[193,128730,128731,128740,128746,128751,128757],{},[196,128732,838,128733,7823,128735,1219,128737,128739],{},[15,128734,123594],{},[15,128736,2963],{},[15,128738,3035],{}," instead of an index",[196,128741,128742,128743,128745],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,128744,65213],{}," when the substring is missing",[196,128747,7785,128748,128750],{},[15,128749,123594],{}," without handling case differences",[196,128752,1151,128753,1154,128755],{},[15,128754,123594],{},[15,128756,58326],{},[196,128758,3937,128759,128761],{},[15,128760,123594],{}," changes the string",[20,128763,128764],{},"Example of a mistake:",[44,128766,128768],{"className":46,"code":128767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128769,128770,128782,128786,128806,128821,128827],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128771,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128773,34042],{"class":59},[53,128775,64],{"class":63},[53,128777,84],{"class":71},[53,128779,3206],{"class":75},[53,128781,2715],{"class":71},[53,128783,128784],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128785,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128787,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800,128802,128804],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128789,1106],{"class":1105},[53,128791,42197],{"class":59},[53,128793,37],{"class":67},[53,128795,127624],{"class":112},[53,128797,116],{"class":67},[53,128799,72],{"class":71},[53,128801,59797],{"class":75},[53,128803,72],{"class":71},[53,128805,7709],{"class":67},[53,128807,128808,128810,128812,128814,128817,128819],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,128809,7435],{"class":131},[53,128811,116],{"class":67},[53,128813,72],{"class":71},[53,128815,128816],{"class":75},"Found",[53,128818,72],{"class":71},[53,128820,125],{"class":67},[53,128822,128823,128825],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,128824,26789],{"class":1105},[53,128826,1120],{"class":67},[53,128828,128829,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,128830,7435],{"class":131},[53,128832,116],{"class":67},[53,128834,72],{"class":71},[53,128836,25670],{"class":75},[53,128838,72],{"class":71},[53,128840,125],{"class":67},[20,128842,99263],{},[44,128844,128846],{"className":46,"code":128845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Not found\n",[15,128847,128848],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128849,128850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128851,128845],{"class":59},[20,128853,45060,128854,128857,128858,16431,128860,128862,128863,128865],{},[15,128855,128856],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,128859,1470],{},[15,128861,1470],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,128864,1106],{}," statement.",[20,128867,128868],{},"A safer version is:",[44,128870,128872],{"className":46,"code":128871,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,128873,128874,128886,128890,128919,128933,128939],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128875,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128877,34042],{"class":59},[53,128879,64],{"class":63},[53,128881,84],{"class":71},[53,128883,3206],{"class":75},[53,128885,2715],{"class":71},[53,128887,128888],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128889,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,128891,128892,128894,128896,128898,128900,128902,128904,128906,128908,128910,128913,128915,128917],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,128893,1106],{"class":1105},[53,128895,42197],{"class":59},[53,128897,37],{"class":67},[53,128899,127624],{"class":112},[53,128901,116],{"class":67},[53,128903,72],{"class":71},[53,128905,59797],{"class":75},[53,128907,72],{"class":71},[53,128909,3021],{"class":67},[53,128911,128912],{"class":63}," !=",[53,128914,1574],{"class":63},[53,128916,274],{"class":273},[53,128918,1120],{"class":67},[53,128920,128921,128923,128925,128927,128929,128931],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,128922,7435],{"class":131},[53,128924,116],{"class":67},[53,128926,72],{"class":71},[53,128928,128816],{"class":75},[53,128930,72],{"class":71},[53,128932,125],{"class":67},[53,128934,128935,128937],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,128936,26789],{"class":1105},[53,128938,1120],{"class":67},[53,128940,128941,128943,128945,128947,128949,128951],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,128942,7435],{"class":131},[53,128944,116],{"class":67},[53,128946,72],{"class":71},[53,128948,25670],{"class":75},[53,128950,72],{"class":71},[53,128952,125],{"class":67},[20,128954,128955],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[44,128957,128959],{"className":46,"code":128958,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,128960,128961,128983,128997,129023,129037],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,128962,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979,128981],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,128964,132],{"class":131},[53,128966,116],{"class":67},[53,128968,34063],{"class":112},[53,128970,37],{"class":67},[53,128972,127624],{"class":112},[53,128974,116],{"class":67},[53,128976,156],{"class":71},[53,128978,37744],{"class":75},[53,128980,156],{"class":71},[53,128982,1377],{"class":67},[53,128984,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,128986,132],{"class":131},[53,128988,116],{"class":67},[53,128990,41134],{"class":131},[53,128992,116],{"class":67},[53,128994,34063],{"class":112},[53,128996,1377],{"class":67},[53,128998,128999,129001,129003,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,129000,132],{"class":131},[53,129002,116],{"class":67},[53,129004,34063],{"class":112},[53,129006,37],{"class":67},[53,129008,8008],{"class":112},[53,129010,8005],{"class":67},[53,129012,127624],{"class":112},[53,129014,116],{"class":67},[53,129016,156],{"class":71},[53,129018,37744],{"class":75},[53,129020,156],{"class":71},[53,129022,1377],{"class":67},[53,129024,129025,129027,129029,129031,129033,129035],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,129026,132],{"class":131},[53,129028,116],{"class":67},[53,129030,10528],{"class":131},[53,129032,116],{"class":67},[53,129034,34063],{"class":112},[53,129036,1377],{"class":67},[53,129038,129039,129041,129043,129045,129047,129049,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059,129061,129063,129065],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,129040,132],{"class":131},[53,129042,116],{"class":67},[53,129044,34063],{"class":112},[53,129046,37],{"class":67},[53,129048,127624],{"class":112},[53,129050,116],{"class":67},[53,129052,156],{"class":71},[53,129054,37744],{"class":75},[53,129056,156],{"class":71},[53,129058,81],{"class":67},[53,129060,35407],{"class":112},[53,129062,81],{"class":67},[53,129064,64400],{"class":112},[53,129066,1377],{"class":67},[20,129068,129069],{},"These help you check:",[193,129071,129072,129077,129082,129087,129090],{},[196,129073,129074,129075],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129076,123594],{},[196,129078,129079,129080],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129081,121813],{},[196,129083,129084,129085],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129086,123329],{},[196,129088,129089],{},"The string length",[196,129091,129092,129093,594,129095,129097],{},"Whether your ",[15,129094,35428],{},[15,129096,52019],{}," values are correct",[39,129099,1187],{"id":1186},[599,129101,129103,129104,129106],{"id":129102},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129105,123594],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129108,4507,129109,37],{},[15,129110,65213],{},[599,129112,1191,129114,129116],{"id":129113},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129115,123594],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129118,129119],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[599,129121,129123,129124,123935],{"id":129122},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129125,123594],{},[20,129127,129128],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[599,129130,4538,129132,594,129134,69014],{"id":129131},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129133,123594],{},[15,129135,58326],{},[20,129137,129138,1751,129140,129142,129143,477,129145,37],{},[15,129139,123594],{},[15,129141,65213],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129144,58326],{},[15,129146,40058],{},[599,129148,27684,129150,129152],{"id":129149},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129151,123594],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129154,129155,129156,594,129158,65512],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129157,35428],{},[15,129159,52019],{},[39,129161,1244],{"id":1243},[193,129163,129164,129170,129176,129183,129189,129196,129200,129205],{},[196,129165,129166],{},[464,129167,125599,129168,830],{"href":123619},[15,129169,58326],{},[196,129171,129172],{},[464,129173,125599,129174,830],{"href":128286},[15,129175,59890],{},[196,129177,129178],{},[464,129179,125599,129181,830],{"href":129180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129182,123770],{},[196,129184,129185],{},[464,129186,125599,129187,830],{"href":126964},[15,129188,126967],{},[196,129190,129191],{},[464,129192,125599,129194,830],{"href":129193},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129195,125657],{},[196,129197,129198],{},[464,129199,123998],{"href":122854},[196,129201,129202],{},[464,129203,129204],{"href":128282},"How to split a string in Python",[196,129206,129207],{},[464,129208,25477,129209],{"href":72841},[15,129210,128570],{},[1276,129212,129213],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":129215},[129216,129218,129221,129222,129223,129224,129226,129227,129228,129240],{"id":127700,"depth":104,"text":129217},"What find() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":129219},[129220],{"id":16753,"depth":128,"text":16754},{"id":37372,"depth":104,"text":37373},{"id":64765,"depth":104,"text":65548},{"id":123245,"depth":104,"text":123246},{"id":128427,"depth":104,"text":129225},"find() vs index()",{"id":40399,"depth":104,"text":40400},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":129229},[129230,129232,129234,129236,129238],{"id":129102,"depth":128,"text":129231},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129113,"depth":128,"text":129233},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129122,"depth":128,"text":129235},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129131,"depth":128,"text":129237},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129149,"depth":128,"text":129239},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127572,"description":129241},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129248,"title":129249,"body":129250,"description":131176,"extension":1312,"meta":131177,"navigation":383,"path":131178,"seo":131179,"stem":131180,"__hash__":131181},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129251,"toc":131144},[129252,129257,129262,129265,129267,129343,129347,129375,129383,129387,129392,129396,129413,129415,129482,129486,129508,129516,129518,129521,129545,129548,129562,129564,129649,129653,129665,129668,129672,129678,129728,129732,129749,129758,129761,129769,129772,129821,129825,129850,129853,129908,129912,129924,129930,129934,129940,129945,130012,130016,130042,130045,130056,130058,130125,130129,130154,130161,130165,130170,130177,130185,130187,130239,130243,130261,130263,130308,130312,130327,130330,130340,130347,130349,130353,130356,130367,130369,130429,130433,130461,130464,130470,130475,130478,130482,130526,130529,130567,130570,130578,130580,130585,130589,130592,130640,130643,130646,130702,130706,130711,130714,130763,130765,130814,130820,130825,130827,130874,130878,130891,130893,130944,130950,130953,130957,130960,130966,130971,130973,130976,131048,131051,131068,131070,131075,131078,131082,131088,131094,131101,131107,131113,131115,131141],[10,129253,122599,129255,18],{"id":129254},"python-string-format-method",[15,129256,125602],{},[20,129258,122604,129259,129261],{},[15,129260,125602],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129263,129264],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[39,129266,42],{"id":41},[44,129268,129270],{"className":46,"code":129269,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129271,129272,129284,129292,129296,129333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129273,129274,129276,129278,129280,129282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129275,7242],{"class":59},[53,129277,64],{"class":63},[53,129279,84],{"class":71},[53,129281,10873],{"class":75},[53,129283,2715],{"class":71},[53,129285,129286,129288,129290],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129287,20983],{"class":59},[53,129289,64],{"class":63},[53,129291,88158],{"class":273},[53,129293,129294],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,129295,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,129297,129298,129300,129302,129304,129307,129309,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129323,129325,129327,129329,129331],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,129299,89366],{"class":59},[53,129301,64],{"class":63},[53,129303,84],{"class":71},[53,129305,129306],{"class":75},"My name is ",[53,129308,3152],{"class":273},[53,129310,129311],{"class":75}," and I am ",[53,129313,3152],{"class":273},[53,129315,121595],{"class":75},[53,129317,72],{"class":71},[53,129319,37],{"class":67},[53,129321,129322],{"class":112},"format",[53,129324,116],{"class":67},[53,129326,7032],{"class":112},[53,129328,81],{"class":67},[53,129330,8557],{"class":112},[53,129332,125],{"class":67},[53,129334,129335,129337,129339,129341],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,129336,132],{"class":131},[53,129338,116],{"class":67},[53,129340,89383],{"class":112},[53,129342,125],{"class":67},[20,129344,129345],{},[30,129346,772],{},[44,129348,129350],{"className":46,"code":129349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129351,129352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129353,129354,129357,129359,129362,129365,129368,129371,129373],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129355,129356],{"class":59},"My name ",[53,129358,11558],{"class":63},[53,129360,129361],{"class":59}," Maya ",[53,129363,129364],{"class":63},"and",[53,129366,129367],{"class":59}," I am ",[53,129369,129370],{"class":273},"12",[53,129372,121628],{"class":59},[53,129374,121631],{"class":67},[20,129376,174,129377,129379,129380,129382],{},[15,129378,3152],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129381,125602],{}," in the same order.",[20,129384,124351,129385,37],{},[464,129386,124354],{"href":50334},[39,129388,12360,129390,12363],{"id":129389},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129391,125602],{},[20,129393,1329,129394,10778],{},[15,129395,125602],{},[193,129397,129398,129401,129407,129410],{},[196,129399,129400],{},"inserts values into a string",[196,129402,129403,129404,129406],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129405,3152],{}," with given values",[196,129408,129409],{},"returns a new string",[196,129411,129412],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129414,1559],{},[44,129416,129418],{"className":46,"code":129417,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129419,129420,129434,129457,129461,129472],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129421,129422,129424,129426,129428,129430,129432],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129423,34042],{"class":59},[53,129425,64],{"class":63},[53,129427,84],{"class":71},[53,129429,44258],{"class":75},[53,129431,3152],{"class":273},[53,129433,2715],{"class":71},[53,129435,129436,129439,129441,129443,129445,129447,129449,129451,129453,129455],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129437,129438],{"class":59},"new_text ",[53,129440,64],{"class":63},[53,129442,42197],{"class":59},[53,129444,37],{"class":67},[53,129446,129322],{"class":112},[53,129448,116],{"class":67},[53,129450,72],{"class":71},[53,129452,7041],{"class":75},[53,129454,72],{"class":71},[53,129456,125],{"class":67},[53,129458,129459],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,129460,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,129462,129463,129465,129467,129470],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,129464,132],{"class":131},[53,129466,116],{"class":67},[53,129468,129469],{"class":112},"new_text",[53,129471,125],{"class":67},[53,129473,129474,129476,129478,129480],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,129475,132],{"class":131},[53,129477,116],{"class":67},[53,129479,34063],{"class":112},[53,129481,125],{"class":67},[20,129483,129484],{},[30,129485,772],{},[44,129487,129489],{"className":46,"code":129488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129490,129491,129500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129492,129493,129495,129497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129494,34221],{"class":59},[53,129496,81],{"class":67},[53,129498,129499],{"class":59}," Sam\n",[53,129501,129502,129504,129506],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129503,34221],{"class":59},[53,129505,81],{"class":67},[53,129507,9205],{"class":67},[20,129509,1639,129510,129512,129513,129515],{},[15,129511,34063],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129514,125602],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[39,129517,217],{"id":216},[20,129519,129520],{},"The general form is:",[44,129522,129524],{"className":46,"code":129523,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129525,129526],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129527,129528,129530,129533,129535,129537,129539,129541,129543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129529,72],{"class":42684},[53,129531,129532],{"class":42688},"text {}",[53,129534,72],{"class":42684},[53,129536,37],{"class":67},[53,129538,129322],{"class":112},[53,129540,116],{"class":67},[53,129542,236],{"class":112},[53,129544,125],{"class":67},[20,129546,129547],{},"Key idea:",[193,129549,129550,129556,129559],{},[196,129551,129552,129553,129555],{},"each ",[15,129554,3152],{}," is a placeholder",[196,129557,129558],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[196,129560,129561],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129563,1559],{},[44,129565,129567],{"className":46,"code":129566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129568,129569,129582,129596,129600,129638],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129570,129571,129574,129576,129578,129580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129572,129573],{"class":59},"animal ",[53,129575,64],{"class":63},[53,129577,84],{"class":71},[53,129579,36400],{"class":75},[53,129581,2715],{"class":71},[53,129583,129584,129587,129589,129591,129594],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129585,129586],{"class":59},"sound ",[53,129588,64],{"class":63},[53,129590,84],{"class":71},[53,129592,129593],{"class":75},"meow",[53,129595,2715],{"class":71},[53,129597,129598],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,129599,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,129601,129602,129605,129607,129609,129611,129613,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626,129628,129631,129633,129636],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,129603,129604],{"class":59},"sentence ",[53,129606,64],{"class":63},[53,129608,84],{"class":71},[53,129610,1329],{"class":75},[53,129612,3152],{"class":273},[53,129614,129615],{"class":75}," says ",[53,129617,3152],{"class":273},[53,129619,37],{"class":75},[53,129621,72],{"class":71},[53,129623,37],{"class":67},[53,129625,129322],{"class":112},[53,129627,116],{"class":67},[53,129629,129630],{"class":112},"animal",[53,129632,81],{"class":67},[53,129634,129635],{"class":112}," sound",[53,129637,125],{"class":67},[53,129639,129640,129642,129644,129647],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,129641,132],{"class":131},[53,129643,116],{"class":67},[53,129645,129646],{"class":112},"sentence",[53,129648,125],{"class":67},[20,129650,129651],{},[30,129652,772],{},[44,129654,129656],{"className":46,"code":129655,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129657,129658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129659,129660,129663],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129661,129662],{"class":59},"The cat says meow",[53,129664,121631],{"class":67},[20,129666,129667],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[39,129669,129671],{"id":129670},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,129673,129674,129675,129677],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,129676,3152],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[44,129679,129681],{"className":46,"code":129680,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,129682,129683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129684,129685,129687,129689,129691,129694,129696,129698,129700,129702,129704,129706,129708,129710,129712,129715,129717,129719,129721,129724,129726],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129686,132],{"class":131},[53,129688,116],{"class":67},[53,129690,72],{"class":71},[53,129692,129693],{"class":75},"I like ",[53,129695,3152],{"class":273},[53,129697,594],{"class":75},[53,129699,3152],{"class":273},[53,129701,37],{"class":75},[53,129703,72],{"class":71},[53,129705,37],{"class":67},[53,129707,129322],{"class":112},[53,129709,116],{"class":67},[53,129711,72],{"class":71},[53,129713,129714],{"class":75},"pizza",[53,129716,72],{"class":71},[53,129718,81],{"class":67},[53,129720,84],{"class":71},[53,129722,129723],{"class":75},"pasta",[53,129725,72],{"class":71},[53,129727,1377],{"class":67},[20,129729,129730],{},[30,129731,772],{},[44,129733,129735],{"className":46,"code":129734,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,129736,129737],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129738,129739,129742,129744,129747],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129740,129741],{"class":59},"I like pizza ",[53,129743,129364],{"class":63},[53,129745,129746],{"class":59}," pasta",[53,129748,121631],{"class":67},[20,129750,129751,129752,594,129755,37],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,129753,129754],{},"{0}",[15,129756,129757],{},"{1}",[20,129759,129760],{},"This is helpful when:",[193,129762,129763,129766],{},[196,129764,129765],{},"you want to reuse a value",[196,129767,129768],{},"you want to change the order",[20,129770,129771],{},"Example with reused values:",[44,129773,129775],{"className":46,"code":129774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129776,129777,129811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129778,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787,129790,129792,129795,129797,129799,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129780,34042],{"class":59},[53,129782,64],{"class":63},[53,129784,84],{"class":71},[53,129786,129754],{"class":273},[53,129788,129789],{"class":75}," is learning Python. ",[53,129791,129754],{"class":273},[53,129793,129794],{"class":75}," likes coding.",[53,129796,72],{"class":71},[53,129798,37],{"class":67},[53,129800,129322],{"class":112},[53,129802,116],{"class":67},[53,129804,72],{"class":71},[53,129806,19238],{"class":75},[53,129808,72],{"class":71},[53,129810,125],{"class":67},[53,129812,129813,129815,129817,129819],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129814,132],{"class":131},[53,129816,116],{"class":67},[53,129818,34063],{"class":112},[53,129820,125],{"class":67},[20,129822,129823],{},[30,129824,772],{},[44,129826,129828],{"className":46,"code":129827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,129829,129830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129831,129832,129835,129837,129840,129842,129845,129848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129833,129834],{"class":59},"Lina ",[53,129836,11558],{"class":63},[53,129838,129839],{"class":59}," learning Python",[53,129841,37],{"class":67},[53,129843,129844],{"class":24104}," Lina",[53,129846,129847],{"class":59}," likes coding",[53,129849,121631],{"class":67},[20,129851,129852],{},"Example with changed order:",[44,129854,129856],{"className":46,"code":129855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129857,129858,129898],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129859,129860,129862,129864,129866,129868,129870,129872,129874,129876,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888,129890,129892,129894,129896],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129861,34042],{"class":59},[53,129863,64],{"class":63},[53,129865,84],{"class":71},[53,129867,129757],{"class":273},[53,129869,82685],{"class":75},[53,129871,129754],{"class":273},[53,129873,37],{"class":75},[53,129875,72],{"class":71},[53,129877,37],{"class":67},[53,129879,129322],{"class":112},[53,129881,116],{"class":67},[53,129883,72],{"class":71},[53,129885,5948],{"class":75},[53,129887,72],{"class":71},[53,129889,81],{"class":67},[53,129891,84],{"class":71},[53,129893,78630],{"class":75},[53,129895,72],{"class":71},[53,129897,125],{"class":67},[53,129899,129900,129902,129904,129906],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,129901,132],{"class":131},[53,129903,116],{"class":67},[53,129905,34063],{"class":112},[53,129907,125],{"class":67},[20,129909,129910],{},[30,129911,772],{},[44,129913,129915],{"className":46,"code":129914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"two comes after one.\n",[15,129916,129917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129918,129919,129922],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129920,129921],{"class":59},"two comes after one",[53,129923,121631],{"class":67},[20,129925,129926,129927,129929],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,129928,3152],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[39,129931,129933],{"id":129932},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,129935,129936,129937,37],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,129938,129939],{},"{name}",[20,129941,129942,129943,191],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,129944,125602],{},[44,129946,129948],{"className":46,"code":129947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,129949,129950,130002],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,129951,129952,129954,129956,129958,129960,129962,129965,129968,129970,129972,129974,129976,129978,129980,129982,129984,129986,129988,129990,129992,129994,129996,129998,130000],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,129953,34042],{"class":59},[53,129955,64],{"class":63},[53,129957,84],{"class":71},[53,129959,129306],{"class":75},[53,129961,129939],{"class":273},[53,129963,129964],{"class":75}," and I live in ",[53,129966,129967],{"class":273},"{city}",[53,129969,37],{"class":75},[53,129971,72],{"class":71},[53,129973,37],{"class":67},[53,129975,129322],{"class":112},[53,129977,116],{"class":67},[53,129979,7032],{"class":8544},[53,129981,64],{"class":63},[53,129983,72],{"class":71},[53,129985,12244],{"class":75},[53,129987,72],{"class":71},[53,129989,81],{"class":67},[53,129991,30738],{"class":8544},[53,129993,64],{"class":63},[53,129995,72],{"class":71},[53,129997,15391],{"class":75},[53,129999,72],{"class":71},[53,130001,125],{"class":67},[53,130003,130004,130006,130008,130010],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130005,132],{"class":131},[53,130007,116],{"class":67},[53,130009,34063],{"class":112},[53,130011,125],{"class":67},[20,130013,130014],{},[30,130015,772],{},[44,130017,130019],{"className":46,"code":130018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130020,130021],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130022,130023,130025,130027,130030,130032,130035,130037,130040],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130024,129356],{"class":59},[53,130026,11558],{"class":63},[53,130028,130029],{"class":59}," Ana ",[53,130031,129364],{"class":63},[53,130033,130034],{"class":59}," I live ",[53,130036,1067],{"class":63},[53,130038,130039],{"class":59}," Lima",[53,130041,121631],{"class":67},[20,130043,130044],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[193,130046,130047,130050,130053],{},[196,130048,130049],{},"they make code easier to read",[196,130051,130052],{},"they help when a string has many values",[196,130054,130055],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130057,1559],{},[44,130059,130061],{"className":46,"code":130060,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130062,130063,130115],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130064,130065,130068,130070,130072,130075,130078,130081,130084,130086,130088,130090,130092,130094,130096,130098,130101,130103,130105,130108,130110,130113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130066,130067],{"class":59},"report ",[53,130069,64],{"class":63},[53,130071,84],{"class":71},[53,130073,130074],{"class":75},"Student: ",[53,130076,130077],{"class":273},"{student}",[53,130079,130080],{"class":75},", Score: ",[53,130082,130083],{"class":273},"{score}",[53,130085,72],{"class":71},[53,130087,37],{"class":67},[53,130089,129322],{"class":112},[53,130091,116],{"class":67},[53,130093,12985],{"class":8544},[53,130095,64],{"class":63},[53,130097,72],{"class":71},[53,130099,130100],{"class":75},"Noah",[53,130102,72],{"class":71},[53,130104,81],{"class":67},[53,130106,130107],{"class":8544}," score",[53,130109,64],{"class":63},[53,130111,130112],{"class":273},"95",[53,130114,125],{"class":67},[53,130116,130117,130119,130121,130123],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130118,132],{"class":131},[53,130120,116],{"class":67},[53,130122,127312],{"class":112},[53,130124,125],{"class":67},[20,130126,130127],{},[30,130128,772],{},[44,130130,130132],{"className":46,"code":130131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130133,130134],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130135,130136,130139,130141,130144,130146,130149,130151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130137,130138],{"class":59},"Student",[53,130140,191],{"class":67},[53,130142,130143],{"class":59}," Noah",[53,130145,81],{"class":67},[53,130147,130148],{"class":59}," Score",[53,130150,191],{"class":67},[53,130152,130153],{"class":273}," 95\n",[20,130155,130156,130157,37],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[464,130158,2934,130159,2867],{"href":41530},[15,130160,47041],{},[39,130162,130164],{"id":130163},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130166,130167,130169],{},[15,130168,125602],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130171,130172,130173,130176],{},"A common example is ",[15,130174,130175],{},":.2f",", which means:",[193,130178,130179,130182],{},[196,130180,130181],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[196,130183,130184],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130186,1559],{},[44,130188,130190],{"className":46,"code":130189,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130191,130192,130200,130229],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130193,130194,130196,130198],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130195,39741],{"class":59},[53,130197,64],{"class":63},[53,130199,48634],{"class":273},[53,130201,130202,130204,130206,130208,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130203,34042],{"class":59},[53,130205,64],{"class":63},[53,130207,84],{"class":71},[53,130209,130210],{"class":75},"Price: $",[53,130212,153],{"class":273},[53,130214,130175],{"class":1415},[53,130216,21657],{"class":273},[53,130218,72],{"class":71},[53,130220,37],{"class":67},[53,130222,129322],{"class":112},[53,130224,116],{"class":67},[53,130226,24504],{"class":112},[53,130228,125],{"class":67},[53,130230,130231,130233,130235,130237],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,130232,132],{"class":131},[53,130234,116],{"class":67},[53,130236,34063],{"class":112},[53,130238,125],{"class":67},[20,130240,130241],{},[30,130242,772],{},[44,130244,130246],{"className":46,"code":130245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130247,130248],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130249,130250,130253,130255,130258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130251,130252],{"class":59},"Price",[53,130254,191],{"class":67},[53,130256,130257],{"class":36719}," $",[53,130259,130260],{"class":273},"3.50\n",[20,130262,51439],{},[44,130264,130266],{"className":46,"code":130265,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130267,130268,130278],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130269,130270,130273,130275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130271,130272],{"class":59},"average ",[53,130274,64],{"class":63},[53,130276,130277],{"class":273}," 91.236\n",[53,130279,130280,130282,130284,130286,130289,130291,130293,130295,130297,130299,130301,130303,130306],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130281,132],{"class":131},[53,130283,116],{"class":67},[53,130285,72],{"class":71},[53,130287,130288],{"class":75},"Average: ",[53,130290,153],{"class":273},[53,130292,130175],{"class":1415},[53,130294,21657],{"class":273},[53,130296,72],{"class":71},[53,130298,37],{"class":67},[53,130300,129322],{"class":112},[53,130302,116],{"class":67},[53,130304,130305],{"class":112},"average",[53,130307,1377],{"class":67},[20,130309,130310],{},[30,130311,772],{},[44,130313,130315],{"className":46,"code":130314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130316,130317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130318,130319,130322,130324],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130320,130321],{"class":59},"Average",[53,130323,191],{"class":67},[53,130325,130326],{"class":273}," 91.24\n",[20,130328,130329],{},"This is useful for:",[193,130331,130332,130334,130337],{},[196,130333,82443],{},[196,130335,130336],{},"averages",[196,130338,130339],{},"percentages",[20,130341,130342,130343,37],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[464,130344,2934,130345,1656],{"href":45806},[15,130346,45809],{},[39,130348,16778],{"id":16777},[20,130350,130351,91880],{},[15,130352,125602],{},[20,130354,130355],{},"That means you can:",[193,130357,130358,130361,130364],{},[196,130359,130360],{},"save it in a variable",[196,130362,130363],{},"print it directly",[196,130365,130366],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130368,1559],{},[44,130370,130372],{"className":46,"code":130371,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130373,130374,130405,130415],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130375,130376,130378,130380,130382,130384,130386,130388,130390,130392,130394,130396,130398,130401,130403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130377,89366],{"class":59},[53,130379,64],{"class":63},[53,130381,84],{"class":71},[53,130383,44258],{"class":75},[53,130385,3152],{"class":273},[53,130387,89207],{"class":75},[53,130389,72],{"class":71},[53,130391,37],{"class":67},[53,130393,129322],{"class":112},[53,130395,116],{"class":67},[53,130397,72],{"class":71},[53,130399,130400],{"class":75},"Chris",[53,130402,72],{"class":71},[53,130404,125],{"class":67},[53,130406,130407,130409,130411,130413],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130408,132],{"class":131},[53,130410,116],{"class":67},[53,130412,89383],{"class":112},[53,130414,125],{"class":67},[53,130416,130417,130419,130421,130423,130425,130427],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,130418,132],{"class":131},[53,130420,116],{"class":67},[53,130422,2578],{"class":550},[53,130424,116],{"class":67},[53,130426,89383],{"class":112},[53,130428,1377],{"class":67},[20,130430,130431],{},[30,130432,772],{},[44,130434,130436],{"className":46,"code":130435,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130437,130438,130447],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130439,130440,130442,130444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130441,34221],{"class":59},[53,130443,81],{"class":67},[53,130445,130446],{"class":59}," Chris!\n",[53,130448,130449,130451,130453,130455,130457,130459],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130450,2647],{"class":63},[53,130452,2650],{"class":1415},[53,130454,165],{"class":71},[53,130456,2801],{"class":75},[53,130458,156],{"class":71},[53,130460,2659],{"class":63},[20,130462,130463],{},"The original string is not changed.",[39,130465,130467,130469],{"id":130466},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130468,125602],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130471,130472,130474],{},[15,130473,125602],{}," is a string method.",[20,130476,130477],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130479,45397,130480,191],{},[15,130481,125602],{},[44,130483,130485],{"className":46,"code":130484,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130486,130487,130500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130488,130489,130491,130493,130495,130498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130490,7242],{"class":59},[53,130492,64],{"class":63},[53,130494,84],{"class":71},[53,130496,130497],{"class":75},"Rita",[53,130499,2715],{"class":71},[53,130501,130502,130504,130506,130508,130510,130512,130514,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130503,132],{"class":131},[53,130505,116],{"class":67},[53,130507,72],{"class":71},[53,130509,44258],{"class":75},[53,130511,3152],{"class":273},[53,130513,89207],{"class":75},[53,130515,72],{"class":71},[53,130517,37],{"class":67},[53,130519,129322],{"class":112},[53,130521,116],{"class":67},[53,130523,7032],{"class":112},[53,130525,1377],{"class":67},[20,130527,130528],{},"Example with an f-string:",[44,130530,130532],{"className":46,"code":130531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130533,130534,130546],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130535,130536,130538,130540,130542,130544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130537,7242],{"class":59},[53,130539,64],{"class":63},[53,130541,84],{"class":71},[53,130543,130497],{"class":75},[53,130545,2715],{"class":71},[53,130547,130548,130550,130552,130554,130556,130558,130560,130562,130565],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130549,132],{"class":131},[53,130551,116],{"class":67},[53,130553,21648],{"class":1415},[53,130555,42702],{"class":75},[53,130557,153],{"class":273},[53,130559,7032],{"class":112},[53,130561,21657],{"class":273},[53,130563,130564],{"class":75},"!\"",[53,130566,125],{"class":67},[20,130568,130569],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130571,130572,130573,130575,130576,37],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130574,125602],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[464,130577,89052],{"href":89051},[39,130579,2185],{"id":2184},[20,130581,130582,130583,37],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130584,125602],{},[599,130586,130588],{"id":130587},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130590,130591],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[44,130593,130595],{"className":46,"code":130594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130596,130597,130630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130598,130599,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130612,130614,130616,130618,130620,130622,130624,130626,130628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130600,34042],{"class":59},[53,130602,64],{"class":63},[53,130604,84],{"class":71},[53,130606,44258],{"class":75},[53,130608,3152],{"class":273},[53,130610,130611],{"class":273}," {}",[53,130613,89207],{"class":75},[53,130615,72],{"class":71},[53,130617,37],{"class":67},[53,130619,129322],{"class":112},[53,130621,116],{"class":67},[53,130623,72],{"class":71},[53,130625,7041],{"class":75},[53,130627,72],{"class":71},[53,130629,125],{"class":67},[53,130631,130632,130634,130636,130638],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130633,132],{"class":131},[53,130635,116],{"class":67},[53,130637,34063],{"class":112},[53,130639,125],{"class":67},[20,130641,130642],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130644,130645],{},"Fixed version:",[44,130647,130649],{"className":46,"code":130648,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130650,130651,130692],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130652,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130667,130669,130671,130673,130675,130677,130679,130681,130683,130685,130688,130690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130654,34042],{"class":59},[53,130656,64],{"class":63},[53,130658,84],{"class":71},[53,130660,44258],{"class":75},[53,130662,3152],{"class":273},[53,130664,130611],{"class":273},[53,130666,89207],{"class":75},[53,130668,72],{"class":71},[53,130670,37],{"class":67},[53,130672,129322],{"class":112},[53,130674,116],{"class":67},[53,130676,72],{"class":71},[53,130678,7041],{"class":75},[53,130680,72],{"class":71},[53,130682,81],{"class":67},[53,130684,84],{"class":71},[53,130686,130687],{"class":75},"Lee",[53,130689,72],{"class":71},[53,130691,125],{"class":67},[53,130693,130694,130696,130698,130700],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130695,132],{"class":131},[53,130697,116],{"class":67},[53,130699,34063],{"class":112},[53,130701,125],{"class":67},[599,130703,130705],{"id":130704},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,130707,130708,130709,37],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,130710,125602],{},[20,130712,130713],{},"Problem:",[44,130715,130717],{"className":46,"code":130716,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130718,130719,130753],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130720,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130745,130747,130749,130751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130722,34042],{"class":59},[53,130724,64],{"class":63},[53,130726,84],{"class":71},[53,130728,44258],{"class":75},[53,130730,129939],{"class":273},[53,130732,89207],{"class":75},[53,130734,72],{"class":71},[53,130736,37],{"class":67},[53,130738,129322],{"class":112},[53,130740,116],{"class":67},[53,130742,7351],{"class":8544},[53,130744,64],{"class":63},[53,130746,72],{"class":71},[53,130748,7041],{"class":75},[53,130750,72],{"class":71},[53,130752,125],{"class":67},[53,130754,130755,130757,130759,130761],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130756,132],{"class":131},[53,130758,116],{"class":67},[53,130760,34063],{"class":112},[53,130762,125],{"class":67},[20,130764,130645],{},[44,130766,130768],{"className":46,"code":130767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130769,130770,130804],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130771,130772,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130786,130788,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130773,34042],{"class":59},[53,130775,64],{"class":63},[53,130777,84],{"class":71},[53,130779,44258],{"class":75},[53,130781,129939],{"class":273},[53,130783,89207],{"class":75},[53,130785,72],{"class":71},[53,130787,37],{"class":67},[53,130789,129322],{"class":112},[53,130791,116],{"class":67},[53,130793,7032],{"class":8544},[53,130795,64],{"class":63},[53,130797,72],{"class":71},[53,130799,7041],{"class":75},[53,130801,72],{"class":71},[53,130803,125],{"class":67},[53,130805,130806,130808,130810,130812],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130807,132],{"class":131},[53,130809,116],{"class":67},[53,130811,34063],{"class":112},[53,130813,125],{"class":67},[599,130815,838,130817,130819],{"id":130816},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,130818,125602],{}," to change the original string",[20,130821,130822,130824],{},[15,130823,125602],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,130826,130713],{},[44,130828,130830],{"className":46,"code":130829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130831,130832,130846,130864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130833,130834,130836,130838,130840,130842,130844],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130835,34042],{"class":59},[53,130837,64],{"class":63},[53,130839,84],{"class":71},[53,130841,44258],{"class":75},[53,130843,3152],{"class":273},[53,130845,2715],{"class":71},[53,130847,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130849,34063],{"class":59},[53,130851,37],{"class":67},[53,130853,129322],{"class":112},[53,130855,116],{"class":67},[53,130857,72],{"class":71},[53,130859,7041],{"class":75},[53,130861,72],{"class":71},[53,130863,125],{"class":67},[53,130865,130866,130868,130870,130872],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,130867,132],{"class":131},[53,130869,116],{"class":67},[53,130871,34063],{"class":112},[53,130873,125],{"class":67},[20,130875,130876],{},[30,130877,772],{},[44,130879,130881],{"className":46,"code":130880,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello, {}\n",[15,130882,130883],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130884,130885,130887,130889],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130886,34221],{"class":59},[53,130888,81],{"class":67},[53,130890,9205],{"class":67},[20,130892,130645],{},[44,130894,130896],{"className":46,"code":130895,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130897,130898,130912,130934],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130899,130900,130902,130904,130906,130908,130910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130901,34042],{"class":59},[53,130903,64],{"class":63},[53,130905,84],{"class":71},[53,130907,44258],{"class":75},[53,130909,3152],{"class":273},[53,130911,2715],{"class":71},[53,130913,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922,130924,130926,130928,130930,130932],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130915,34042],{"class":59},[53,130917,64],{"class":63},[53,130919,42197],{"class":59},[53,130921,37],{"class":67},[53,130923,129322],{"class":112},[53,130925,116],{"class":67},[53,130927,72],{"class":71},[53,130929,7041],{"class":75},[53,130931,72],{"class":71},[53,130933,125],{"class":67},[53,130935,130936,130938,130940,130942],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,130937,132],{"class":131},[53,130939,116],{"class":67},[53,130941,34063],{"class":112},[53,130943,125],{"class":67},[599,130945,4062,130947,130949],{"id":130946},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,130948,125602],{}," returns a new string",[20,130951,130952],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[599,130954,130956],{"id":130955},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,130958,130959],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,130961,130962,130963,130965],{},"Use simple ",[15,130964,3152],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,130967,130968,130969,37],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[464,130970,89765],{"href":89764},[39,130972,67254],{"id":67253},[20,130974,130975],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[44,130977,130979],{"className":46,"code":130978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,130980,130981,130991,131005,131034],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,130982,130983,130985,130987,130989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,130984,132],{"class":131},[53,130986,116],{"class":67},[53,130988,34063],{"class":112},[53,130990,125],{"class":67},[53,130992,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,130994,132],{"class":131},[53,130996,116],{"class":67},[53,130998,2578],{"class":550},[53,131000,116],{"class":67},[53,131002,236],{"class":112},[53,131004,1377],{"class":67},[53,131006,131007,131009,131011,131013,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131030,131032],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,131008,132],{"class":131},[53,131010,116],{"class":67},[53,131012,72],{"class":71},[53,131014,131015],{"class":75},"Hello ",[53,131017,3152],{"class":273},[53,131019,72],{"class":71},[53,131021,37],{"class":67},[53,131023,129322],{"class":112},[53,131025,116],{"class":67},[53,131027,72],{"class":71},[53,131029,7041],{"class":75},[53,131031,72],{"class":71},[53,131033,1377],{"class":67},[53,131035,131036,131038,131040,131042,131044,131046],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,131037,31506],{"class":131},[53,131039,116],{"class":67},[53,131041,2801],{"class":550},[53,131043,37],{"class":67},[53,131045,129322],{"class":24104},[53,131047,125],{"class":67},[20,131049,131050],{},"Use them to check:",[193,131052,131053,131056,131059,131062],{},[196,131054,131055],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[196,131057,131058],{},"what type your value has",[196,131060,131061],{},"whether a small test example works",[196,131063,131064,131065],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131066,131067],{},"str.format",[39,131069,1187],{"id":1186},[599,131071,129103,131073,12080],{"id":131072},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131074,125602],{},[20,131076,131077],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[599,131079,131081],{"id":131080},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131083,131084,131085,131087],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131086,3152],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[599,131089,131091,131092,1222],{"id":131090},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131093,125602],{},[20,131095,131096,131097,131100],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131098,131099],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[599,131102,14263,131104,131106],{"id":131103},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131105,125602],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131108,131109,131110,131112],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131111,125602],{}," is still useful and common.",[39,131114,1244],{"id":1243},[193,131116,131117,131121,131125,131131,131137],{},[196,131118,131119],{},[464,131120,124354],{"href":50334},[196,131122,131123],{},[464,131124,90042],{"href":89051},[196,131126,131127],{},[464,131128,2934,131129,2867],{"href":45806},[15,131130,45809],{},[196,131132,131133],{},[464,131134,2934,131135,2867],{"href":41530},[15,131136,47041],{},[196,131138,131139],{},[464,131140,89765],{"href":89764},[1276,131142,131143],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":131145},[131146,131147,131149,131150,131151,131152,131153,131154,131156,131165,131166,131175],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":129389,"depth":104,"text":131148},"What the format() method does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":129670,"depth":104,"text":129671},{"id":129932,"depth":104,"text":129933},{"id":130163,"depth":104,"text":130164},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":130466,"depth":104,"text":131155},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":131157},[131158,131159,131160,131162,131164],{"id":130587,"depth":128,"text":130588},{"id":130704,"depth":128,"text":130705},{"id":130816,"depth":128,"text":131161},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":130946,"depth":128,"text":131163},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":130955,"depth":128,"text":130956},{"id":67253,"depth":104,"text":67254},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":131167},[131168,131170,131171,131173],{"id":131072,"depth":128,"text":131169},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131080,"depth":128,"text":131081},{"id":131090,"depth":128,"text":131172},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131103,"depth":128,"text":131174},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129249,"description":131176},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131183,"title":131184,"body":131185,"description":132665,"extension":1312,"meta":132666,"navigation":383,"path":132667,"seo":132668,"stem":132669,"__hash__":132670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131186,"toc":132637},[131187,131192,131197,131202,131204,131266,131273,131279,131284,131286,131302,131304,131375,131377,131391,131394,131444,131446,131448,131475,131478,131493,131496,131537,131540,131585,131592,131641,131643,131651,131653,131671,131673,131766,131774,131815,131820,131827,131833,131840,131843,131847,131948,131950,131972,131976,132029,132032,132035,132041,132048,132050,132089,132091,132109,132119,132126,132209,132212,132219,132226,132233,132237,132245,132291,132295,132304,132369,132374,132379,132390,132392,132397,132424,132426,132529,132532,132552,132554,132559,132562,132566,132570,132577,132586,132592,132595,132601,132603,132605,132634],[10,131188,122599,131190,18],{"id":131189},"python-string-index-method",[15,131191,58326],{},[20,131193,122604,131194,131196],{},[15,131195,58326],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131198,131199,131200,37],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131201,40058],{},[39,131203,42],{"id":41},[44,131205,131207],{"className":46,"code":131206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131208,131209,131221,131243,131253,131257,131261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131210,131211,131213,131215,131217,131219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131212,34042],{"class":59},[53,131214,64],{"class":63},[53,131216,84],{"class":71},[53,131218,59765],{"class":75},[53,131220,2715],{"class":71},[53,131222,131223,131225,131227,131229,131231,131233,131235,131237,131239,131241],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131224,64279],{"class":59},[53,131226,64],{"class":63},[53,131228,42197],{"class":59},[53,131230,37],{"class":67},[53,131232,35201],{"class":112},[53,131234,116],{"class":67},[53,131236,72],{"class":71},[53,131238,59950],{"class":75},[53,131240,72],{"class":71},[53,131242,125],{"class":67},[53,131244,131245,131247,131249,131251],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,131246,132],{"class":131},[53,131248,116],{"class":67},[53,131250,64306],{"class":112},[53,131252,125],{"class":67},[53,131254,131255],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,131256,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,131258,131259],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,131260,90183],{"class":3024},[53,131262,131263],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,131264,131265],{"class":3024},"# 6\n",[20,131267,174,131268,131270,131271,37],{},[15,131269,58326],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131272,40058],{},[39,131274,183,131276,186],{"id":131275},"what-strindex-does",[15,131277,131278],{},"str.index()",[20,131280,131281,131283],{},[15,131282,131278],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131285,12416],{},[193,131287,131288,131291,131294,131297],{},[196,131289,131290],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[196,131292,131293],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[196,131295,131296],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[196,131298,1209,131299,131301],{},[15,131300,40058],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131303,1559],{},[44,131305,131307],{"className":46,"code":131306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131308,131309,131321,131325,131350],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131310,131311,131313,131315,131317,131319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131312,34042],{"class":59},[53,131314,64],{"class":63},[53,131316,84],{"class":71},[53,131318,365],{"class":75},[53,131320,2715],{"class":71},[53,131322,131323],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131324,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,131326,131327,131329,131331,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343,131345,131347],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,131328,132],{"class":131},[53,131330,116],{"class":67},[53,131332,34063],{"class":112},[53,131334,37],{"class":67},[53,131336,35201],{"class":112},[53,131338,116],{"class":67},[53,131340,72],{"class":71},[53,131342,464],{"class":75},[53,131344,72],{"class":71},[53,131346,4721],{"class":67},[53,131348,131349],{"class":3024},"     # 1\n",[53,131351,131352,131354,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,131353,132],{"class":131},[53,131355,116],{"class":67},[53,131357,34063],{"class":112},[53,131359,37],{"class":67},[53,131361,35201],{"class":112},[53,131363,116],{"class":67},[53,131365,72],{"class":71},[53,131367,122692],{"class":75},[53,131369,72],{"class":71},[53,131371,4721],{"class":67},[53,131373,131374],{"class":3024},"    # 2\n",[20,131376,1529],{},[193,131378,131379,131385],{},[196,131380,131381,127812,131383],{},[15,131382,17454],{},[15,131384,274],{},[196,131386,131387,127812,131389],{},[15,131388,127811],{},[15,131390,300],{},[20,131392,131393],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[44,131395,131397],{"className":46,"code":131396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131398,131399,131411,131415,131439],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131400,131401,131403,131405,131407,131409],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131402,34042],{"class":59},[53,131404,64],{"class":63},[53,131406,84],{"class":71},[53,131408,34221],{"class":75},[53,131410,2715],{"class":71},[53,131412,131413],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131414,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,131416,131417,131419,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131433,131435,131437],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,131418,132],{"class":131},[53,131420,116],{"class":67},[53,131422,34063],{"class":112},[53,131424,37],{"class":67},[53,131426,35201],{"class":112},[53,131428,116],{"class":67},[53,131430,72],{"class":71},[53,131432,50550],{"class":75},[53,131434,72],{"class":71},[53,131436,4721],{"class":67},[53,131438,20124],{"class":3024},[53,131440,131441],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,131442,131443],{"class":3024},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[39,131445,217],{"id":216},[20,131447,1510],{},[44,131449,131451],{"className":46,"code":131450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131452,131453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131454,131455,131457,131459,131461,131463,131465,131467,131469,131471,131473],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131456,60533],{"class":59},[53,131458,37],{"class":67},[53,131460,35201],{"class":112},[53,131462,116],{"class":67},[53,131464,236],{"class":112},[53,131466,81],{"class":67},[53,131468,35407],{"class":112},[53,131470,81],{"class":67},[53,131472,64400],{"class":112},[53,131474,125],{"class":67},[20,131476,131477],{},"Parameters:",[193,131479,131480,131484,131488],{},[196,131481,131482,122791],{},[15,131483,236],{},[196,131485,131486,127858],{},[15,131487,35428],{},[196,131489,131490,131492],{},[15,131491,52019],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131494,131495],{},"You can use just the value:",[44,131497,131499],{"className":46,"code":131498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131500,131501,131513],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131502,131503,131505,131507,131509,131511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131504,34042],{"class":59},[53,131506,64],{"class":63},[53,131508,84],{"class":71},[53,131510,48],{"class":75},[53,131512,2715],{"class":71},[53,131514,131515,131517,131519,131521,131523,131525,131527,131529,131531,131533,131535],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131516,132],{"class":131},[53,131518,116],{"class":67},[53,131520,34063],{"class":112},[53,131522,37],{"class":67},[53,131524,35201],{"class":112},[53,131526,116],{"class":67},[53,131528,72],{"class":71},[53,131530,62646],{"class":75},[53,131532,72],{"class":71},[53,131534,4721],{"class":67},[53,131536,50774],{"class":3024},[20,131538,131539],{},"Or include a start position:",[44,131541,131543],{"className":46,"code":131542,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131544,131545,131557],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131546,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131548,34042],{"class":59},[53,131550,64],{"class":63},[53,131552,84],{"class":71},[53,131554,365],{"class":75},[53,131556,2715],{"class":71},[53,131558,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577,131579,131581,131583],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131560,132],{"class":131},[53,131562,116],{"class":67},[53,131564,34063],{"class":112},[53,131566,37],{"class":67},[53,131568,35201],{"class":112},[53,131570,116],{"class":67},[53,131572,72],{"class":71},[53,131574,464],{"class":75},[53,131576,72],{"class":71},[53,131578,81],{"class":67},[53,131580,279],{"class":273},[53,131582,4721],{"class":67},[53,131584,50129],{"class":3024},[20,131586,131587,131588,594,131590,191],{},"Or include both ",[15,131589,35428],{},[15,131591,52019],{},[44,131593,131595],{"className":46,"code":131594,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131596,131597,131609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131598,131599,131601,131603,131605,131607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131600,34042],{"class":59},[53,131602,64],{"class":63},[53,131604,84],{"class":71},[53,131606,365],{"class":75},[53,131608,2715],{"class":71},[53,131610,131611,131613,131615,131617,131619,131621,131623,131625,131627,131629,131631,131633,131635,131637,131639],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131612,132],{"class":131},[53,131614,116],{"class":67},[53,131616,34063],{"class":112},[53,131618,37],{"class":67},[53,131620,35201],{"class":112},[53,131622,116],{"class":67},[53,131624,72],{"class":71},[53,131626,464],{"class":75},[53,131628,72],{"class":71},[53,131630,81],{"class":67},[53,131632,279],{"class":273},[53,131634,81],{"class":67},[53,131636,3963],{"class":273},[53,131638,4721],{"class":67},[53,131640,50129],{"class":3024},[39,131642,37373],{"id":37372},[20,131644,28064,131645,131647,131648,37],{},[15,131646,58326],{}," is a ",[30,131649,131650],{},"zero-based index",[20,131652,1457],{},[193,131654,131655,131661,131666],{},[196,131656,131657,131658,131660],{},"Index ",[15,131659,1470],{}," is the first character",[196,131662,131657,131663,131665],{},[15,131664,274],{}," is the second character",[196,131667,131657,131668,131670],{},[15,131669,300],{}," is the third character",[20,131672,1559],{},[44,131674,131676],{"className":46,"code":131675,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131677,131678,131690,131694,131718,131742],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131679,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131681,34042],{"class":59},[53,131683,64],{"class":63},[53,131685,84],{"class":71},[53,131687,36400],{"class":75},[53,131689,2715],{"class":71},[53,131691,131692],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131693,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,131695,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712,131714,131716],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,131697,132],{"class":131},[53,131699,116],{"class":67},[53,131701,34063],{"class":112},[53,131703,37],{"class":67},[53,131705,35201],{"class":112},[53,131707,116],{"class":67},[53,131709,72],{"class":71},[53,131711,646],{"class":75},[53,131713,72],{"class":71},[53,131715,4721],{"class":67},[53,131717,50606],{"class":3024},[53,131719,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734,131736,131738,131740],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,131721,132],{"class":131},[53,131723,116],{"class":67},[53,131725,34063],{"class":112},[53,131727,37],{"class":67},[53,131729,35201],{"class":112},[53,131731,116],{"class":67},[53,131733,72],{"class":71},[53,131735,464],{"class":75},[53,131737,72],{"class":71},[53,131739,4721],{"class":67},[53,131741,27135],{"class":3024},[53,131743,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754,131756,131758,131760,131762,131764],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,131745,132],{"class":131},[53,131747,116],{"class":67},[53,131749,34063],{"class":112},[53,131751,37],{"class":67},[53,131753,35201],{"class":112},[53,131755,116],{"class":67},[53,131757,72],{"class":71},[53,131759,62646],{"class":75},[53,131761,72],{"class":71},[53,131763,4721],{"class":67},[53,131765,50774],{"class":3024},[20,131767,131768,131770,131771,131773],{},[15,131769,58326],{}," returns only the ",[30,131772,29264],{}," matching position.",[44,131775,131777],{"className":46,"code":131776,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,131778,131779,131791],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131780,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131782,34042],{"class":59},[53,131784,64],{"class":63},[53,131786,84],{"class":71},[53,131788,365],{"class":75},[53,131790,2715],{"class":71},[53,131792,131793,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131794,132],{"class":131},[53,131796,116],{"class":67},[53,131798,34063],{"class":112},[53,131800,37],{"class":67},[53,131802,35201],{"class":112},[53,131804,116],{"class":67},[53,131806,72],{"class":71},[53,131808,464],{"class":75},[53,131810,72],{"class":71},[53,131812,4721],{"class":67},[53,131814,27135],{"class":3024},[20,131816,20334,131817,131819],{},[15,131818,17454],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,131821,131822,131823,37],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[464,131824,131825,830],{"href":124049},[15,131826,57948],{},[39,131828,7785,131829,594,131831],{"id":64765},[15,131830,35428],{},[15,131832,52019],{},[20,131834,1329,131835,594,131837,131839],{},[15,131836,35428],{},[15,131838,52019],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,131841,131842],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,131844,45397,131845,191],{},[15,131846,35428],{},[44,131848,131850],{"className":46,"code":131849,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,131851,131852,131864,131868,131892,131920],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131853,131854,131856,131858,131860,131862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131855,34042],{"class":59},[53,131857,64],{"class":63},[53,131859,84],{"class":71},[53,131861,365],{"class":75},[53,131863,2715],{"class":71},[53,131865,131866],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131867,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,131869,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880,131882,131884,131886,131888,131890],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,131871,132],{"class":131},[53,131873,116],{"class":67},[53,131875,34063],{"class":112},[53,131877,37],{"class":67},[53,131879,35201],{"class":112},[53,131881,116],{"class":67},[53,131883,72],{"class":71},[53,131885,464],{"class":75},[53,131887,72],{"class":71},[53,131889,4721],{"class":67},[53,131891,50479],{"class":3024},[53,131893,131894,131896,131898,131900,131902,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,131895,132],{"class":131},[53,131897,116],{"class":67},[53,131899,34063],{"class":112},[53,131901,37],{"class":67},[53,131903,35201],{"class":112},[53,131905,116],{"class":67},[53,131907,72],{"class":71},[53,131909,464],{"class":75},[53,131911,72],{"class":71},[53,131913,81],{"class":67},[53,131915,279],{"class":273},[53,131917,4721],{"class":67},[53,131919,50328],{"class":3024},[53,131921,131922,131924,131926,131928,131930,131932,131934,131936,131938,131940,131942,131944,131946],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,131923,132],{"class":131},[53,131925,116],{"class":67},[53,131927,34063],{"class":112},[53,131929,37],{"class":67},[53,131931,35201],{"class":112},[53,131933,116],{"class":67},[53,131935,72],{"class":71},[53,131937,464],{"class":75},[53,131939,72],{"class":71},[53,131941,81],{"class":67},[53,131943,1811],{"class":273},[53,131945,4721],{"class":67},[53,131947,50112],{"class":3024},[20,131949,19313],{},[193,131951,131952,131959,131965],{},[196,131953,131954,131955,64955,131957],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,131956,17454],{},[15,131958,274],{},[196,131960,131961,131962,131964],{},"Starting at index ",[15,131963,300],{}," skips that first match",[196,131966,131961,131967,131969,131970],{},[15,131968,1858],{}," finds the last ",[15,131971,17454],{},[20,131973,45397,131974,191],{},[15,131975,52019],{},[44,131977,131979],{"className":46,"code":131978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,131980,131981,131993,131997],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,131982,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,131984,34042],{"class":59},[53,131986,64],{"class":63},[53,131988,84],{"class":71},[53,131990,365],{"class":75},[53,131992,2715],{"class":71},[53,131994,131995],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,131996,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,131998,131999,132001,132003,132005,132007,132009,132011,132013,132015,132017,132019,132021,132023,132025,132027],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132000,132],{"class":131},[53,132002,116],{"class":67},[53,132004,34063],{"class":112},[53,132006,37],{"class":67},[53,132008,35201],{"class":112},[53,132010,116],{"class":67},[53,132012,72],{"class":71},[53,132014,75389],{"class":75},[53,132016,72],{"class":71},[53,132018,81],{"class":67},[53,132020,3194],{"class":273},[53,132022,81],{"class":67},[53,132024,1811],{"class":273},[53,132026,4721],{"class":67},[53,132028,50774],{"class":3024},[20,132030,132031],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132033,132034],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[39,132036,43569,132038,132040],{"id":132037},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132039,58326],{}," causes an error",[20,132042,132043,132044,477,132046,37],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132045,58326],{},[15,132047,40058],{},[20,132049,1559],{},[44,132051,132053],{"className":46,"code":132052,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132054,132055,132067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132056,132057,132059,132061,132063,132065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132058,34042],{"class":59},[53,132060,64],{"class":63},[53,132062,84],{"class":71},[53,132064,3206],{"class":75},[53,132066,2715],{"class":71},[53,132068,132069,132071,132073,132075,132077,132079,132081,132083,132085,132087],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132070,132],{"class":131},[53,132072,116],{"class":67},[53,132074,34063],{"class":112},[53,132076,37],{"class":67},[53,132078,35201],{"class":112},[53,132080,116],{"class":67},[53,132082,72],{"class":71},[53,132084,21432],{"class":75},[53,132086,72],{"class":71},[53,132088,1377],{"class":67},[20,132090,772],{},[44,132092,132094],{"className":46,"code":132093,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132095,132096],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132097,132098,132100,132102,132105,132107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132099,40058],{"class":550},[53,132101,191],{"class":67},[53,132103,132104],{"class":59}," substring ",[53,132106,461],{"class":63},[53,132108,65188],{"class":59},[20,132110,52700,132111,125565,132116,132118],{},[464,132112,132113],{"href":129243},[15,132114,132115],{},"str.find()",[15,132117,65213],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132120,132121,132122,594,132124,191],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132123,29159],{},[15,132125,29190],{},[44,132127,132129],{"className":46,"code":132128,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132130,132131,132143,132147,132153,132176,132186,132194],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132132,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132134,34042],{"class":59},[53,132136,64],{"class":63},[53,132138,84],{"class":71},[53,132140,3206],{"class":75},[53,132142,2715],{"class":71},[53,132144,132145],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132146,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,132148,132149,132151],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132150,29159],{"class":1105},[53,132152,1120],{"class":67},[53,132154,132155,132158,132160,132162,132164,132166,132168,132170,132172,132174],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,132156,132157],{"class":59},"    position ",[53,132159,64],{"class":63},[53,132161,42197],{"class":59},[53,132163,37],{"class":67},[53,132165,35201],{"class":112},[53,132167,116],{"class":67},[53,132169,72],{"class":71},[53,132171,21432],{"class":75},[53,132173,72],{"class":71},[53,132175,125],{"class":67},[53,132177,132178,132180,132182,132184],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,132179,7435],{"class":131},[53,132181,116],{"class":67},[53,132183,64306],{"class":112},[53,132185,125],{"class":67},[53,132187,132188,132190,132192],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,132189,29190],{"class":1105},[53,132191,41281],{"class":550},[53,132193,1120],{"class":67},[53,132195,132196,132198,132200,132202,132205,132207],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,132197,7435],{"class":131},[53,132199,116],{"class":67},[53,132201,72],{"class":71},[53,132203,132204],{"class":75},"Substring not found",[53,132206,72],{"class":71},[53,132208,125],{"class":67},[20,132210,132211],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132213,41301,132214,37],{},[464,132215,25034,132217],{"href":132216},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132218,128570],{},[39,132220,132222,9952,132224],{"id":132221},"index-vs-find",[15,132223,58326],{},[15,132225,123594],{},[20,132227,132228,594,132230,132232],{},[15,132229,58326],{},[15,132231,123594],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[599,132234,132235],{"id":35201},[15,132236,58326],{},[193,132238,132239,132242],{},[196,132240,132241],{},"Returns the first match position",[196,132243,132244],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[44,132246,132248],{"className":46,"code":132247,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132249,132250,132262,132286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132251,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132253,34042],{"class":59},[53,132255,64],{"class":63},[53,132257,84],{"class":71},[53,132259,3206],{"class":75},[53,132261,2715],{"class":71},[53,132263,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132265,132],{"class":131},[53,132267,116],{"class":67},[53,132269,34063],{"class":112},[53,132271,37],{"class":67},[53,132273,35201],{"class":112},[53,132275,116],{"class":67},[53,132277,72],{"class":71},[53,132279,59806],{"class":75},[53,132281,72],{"class":71},[53,132283,4721],{"class":67},[53,132285,27135],{"class":3024},[53,132287,132288],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132289,132290],{"class":3024},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[599,132292,132293],{"id":127624},[15,132294,123594],{},[193,132296,132297,132299],{},[196,132298,132241],{},[196,132300,10789,132301,132303],{},[15,132302,65213],{}," if nothing is found",[44,132305,132307],{"className":46,"code":132306,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132308,132309,132321,132345],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132310,132311,132313,132315,132317,132319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132312,34042],{"class":59},[53,132314,64],{"class":63},[53,132316,84],{"class":71},[53,132318,3206],{"class":75},[53,132320,2715],{"class":71},[53,132322,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333,132335,132337,132339,132341,132343],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132324,132],{"class":131},[53,132326,116],{"class":67},[53,132328,34063],{"class":112},[53,132330,37],{"class":67},[53,132332,127624],{"class":112},[53,132334,116],{"class":67},[53,132336,72],{"class":71},[53,132338,59806],{"class":75},[53,132340,72],{"class":71},[53,132342,4721],{"class":67},[53,132344,27135],{"class":3024},[53,132346,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132348,132],{"class":131},[53,132350,116],{"class":67},[53,132352,34063],{"class":112},[53,132354,37],{"class":67},[53,132356,127624],{"class":112},[53,132358,116],{"class":67},[53,132360,72],{"class":71},[53,132362,21432],{"class":75},[53,132364,72],{"class":71},[53,132366,4721],{"class":67},[53,132368,127980],{"class":3024},[20,132370,174,132371,132373],{},[15,132372,58326],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132375,174,132376,132378],{},[15,132377,123594],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132380,132381,132382,1219,132387,37],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[464,132383,132384,132386],{"href":129243},[15,132385,132115],{}," method reference",[464,132388,126635],{"href":132389},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[39,132391,2185],{"id":2184},[20,132393,132394,132395,191],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132396,58326],{},[193,132398,132399,132402,132409,132414,132419],{},[196,132400,132401],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[196,132403,838,132404,7823,132406,132408],{},[15,132405,58326],{},[15,132407,65213],{}," when no match exists",[196,132410,7785,132411,132413],{},[15,132412,58326],{}," on a value that may not be present",[196,132415,132416,132417],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132418,274],{},[196,132420,3937,132421,132423],{},[15,132422,58326],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132425,61654],{},[44,132427,132429],{"className":46,"code":132428,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132430,132431,132441,132455,132477,132499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132432,132433,132435,132437,132439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132434,132],{"class":131},[53,132436,116],{"class":67},[53,132438,34063],{"class":112},[53,132440,125],{"class":67},[53,132442,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132444,132],{"class":131},[53,132446,116],{"class":67},[53,132448,41134],{"class":131},[53,132450,116],{"class":67},[53,132452,34063],{"class":112},[53,132454,1377],{"class":67},[53,132456,132457,132459,132461,132463,132465,132467,132469,132471,132473,132475],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132458,132],{"class":131},[53,132460,116],{"class":67},[53,132462,34063],{"class":112},[53,132464,37],{"class":67},[53,132466,35201],{"class":112},[53,132468,116],{"class":67},[53,132470,72],{"class":71},[53,132472,236],{"class":75},[53,132474,72],{"class":71},[53,132476,1377],{"class":67},[53,132478,132479,132481,132483,132485,132487,132489,132491,132493,132495,132497],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,132480,132],{"class":131},[53,132482,116],{"class":67},[53,132484,34063],{"class":112},[53,132486,37],{"class":67},[53,132488,127624],{"class":112},[53,132490,116],{"class":67},[53,132492,72],{"class":71},[53,132494,236],{"class":75},[53,132496,72],{"class":71},[53,132498,1377],{"class":67},[53,132500,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517,132519,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,132502,132],{"class":131},[53,132504,116],{"class":67},[53,132506,34063],{"class":112},[53,132508,37],{"class":67},[53,132510,35201],{"class":112},[53,132512,116],{"class":67},[53,132514,72],{"class":71},[53,132516,236],{"class":75},[53,132518,72],{"class":71},[53,132520,81],{"class":67},[53,132522,35407],{"class":112},[53,132524,81],{"class":67},[53,132526,64400],{"class":112},[53,132528,1377],{"class":67},[20,132530,132531],{},"Tips:",[193,132533,132534,132539,132544,132547],{},[196,132535,174,132536,132538],{},[15,132537,125521],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[196,132540,174,132541,132543],{},[15,132542,123594],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[196,132545,132546],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[196,132548,132549,132550],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132551,1470],{},[39,132553,1187],{"id":1186},[599,132555,129103,132557,12080],{"id":132556},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132558,58326],{},[20,132560,132561],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[599,132563,132565],{"id":132564},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132567,76217,132568,37],{},[15,132569,40058],{},[599,132571,4538,132573,594,132575,1222],{"id":132572},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132574,58326],{},[15,132576,123594],{},[20,132578,132579,132581,132582,1751,132584,5994],{},[15,132580,58326],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132583,123594],{},[15,132585,65213],{},[599,132587,1234,132589,132591],{"id":132588},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132590,58326],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132593,132594],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[599,132596,132598,132599,123935],{"id":132597},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132600,58326],{},[20,132602,129128],{},[39,132604,1244],{"id":1243},[193,132606,132607,132613,132617,132622,132628],{},[196,132608,132609],{},[464,132610,132611,830],{"href":129243},[15,132612,132115],{},[196,132614,132615],{},[464,132616,123998],{"href":132389},[196,132618,132619],{},[464,132620,129204],{"href":132621},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[196,132623,132624],{},[464,132625,132626,830],{"href":124049},[15,132627,57948],{},[196,132629,132630],{},[464,132631,29700,132632],{"href":132216},[15,132633,128570],{},[1276,132635,132636],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":132638},[132639,132640,132642,132643,132644,132645,132647,132652,132653,132664],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":131275,"depth":104,"text":132641},"What str.index() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":37372,"depth":104,"text":37373},{"id":64765,"depth":104,"text":65548},{"id":132037,"depth":104,"text":132646},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132221,"depth":104,"text":132648,"children":132649},"index() vs find()",[132650,132651],{"id":35201,"depth":128,"text":58326},{"id":127624,"depth":128,"text":123594},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":132654},[132655,132657,132658,132660,132662],{"id":132556,"depth":128,"text":132656},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132564,"depth":128,"text":132565},{"id":132572,"depth":128,"text":132659},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132588,"depth":128,"text":132661},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132597,"depth":128,"text":132663},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131184,"description":132665},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":132672,"title":132673,"body":132674,"description":135449,"extension":1312,"meta":135450,"navigation":383,"path":135451,"seo":135452,"stem":135453,"__hash__":135454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":132675,"toc":135385},[132676,132682,132687,132690,132693,132704,132706,132775,132777,132791,132796,132801,132806,132808,132851,132853,132936,132938,132984,132990,132992,132994,133014,133016,133039,133041,133115,133117,133136,133141,133143,133147,133219,133221,133235,133239,133315,133317,133336,133340,133434,133436,133445,133452,133528,133530,133548,133552,133555,133562,133611,133613,133622,133629,133688,133690,133708,133711,133718,133777,133779,133797,133804,133861,133863,133872,133876,133881,133885,133944,133946,133964,133968,134015,134020,134023,134092,134094,134111,134118,134124,134179,134184,134187,134264,134266,134284,134290,134296,134356,134358,134377,134383,134386,134393,134446,134451,134453,134514,134523,134530,134532,134589,134594,134596,134667,134671,134726,134728,134737,134742,134748,134817,134819,134851,134857,134865,134872,134878,134943,134945,134954,134960,135041,135043,135052,135057,135071,135078,135082,135087,135115,135117,135250,135253,135290,135292,135298,135307,135312,135315,135320,135325,135331,135334,135343,135346,135348,135377,135382],[10,132677,122599,132679,18],{"id":132678},"python-string-join-method",[15,132680,132681],{},"join()",[20,132683,122604,132684,132686],{},[15,132685,132681],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132688,132689],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,132691,132692],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[193,132694,132695,132701],{},[196,132696,132697,132698,132700],{},"You call ",[15,132699,132681],{}," on the separator string",[196,132702,132703],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[39,132705,2968],{"id":2967},[44,132707,132709],{"className":46,"code":132708,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,132710,132711,132744,132765],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132712,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729,132731,132733,132735,132737,132740,132742],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132714,3431],{"class":59},[53,132716,64],{"class":63},[53,132718,2982],{"class":67},[53,132720,72],{"class":71},[53,132722,6660],{"class":75},[53,132724,72],{"class":71},[53,132726,81],{"class":67},[53,132728,84],{"class":71},[53,132730,11558],{"class":75},[53,132732,72],{"class":71},[53,132734,81],{"class":67},[53,132736,84],{"class":71},[53,132738,132739],{"class":75},"fun",[53,132741,72],{"class":71},[53,132743,2995],{"class":67},[53,132745,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132759,132761,132763],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132747,1582],{"class":59},[53,132749,64],{"class":63},[53,132751,84],{"class":71},[53,132753,84],{"class":71},[53,132755,37],{"class":67},[53,132757,132758],{"class":112},"join",[53,132760,116],{"class":67},[53,132762,3473],{"class":112},[53,132764,125],{"class":67},[53,132766,132767,132769,132771,132773],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132768,132],{"class":131},[53,132770,116],{"class":67},[53,132772,1617],{"class":112},[53,132774,125],{"class":67},[20,132776,772],{},[44,132778,132780],{"className":46,"code":132779,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is fun\n",[15,132781,132782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132783,132784,132786,132788],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132785,2934],{"class":59},[53,132787,11558],{"class":63},[53,132789,132790],{"class":59}," fun\n",[20,132792,174,132793,132795],{},[15,132794,132681],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[39,132797,183,132799,186],{"id":132798},"what-join-does",[15,132800,132681],{},[20,132802,132803,132805],{},[15,132804,132681],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,132807,10824],{},[193,132809,132810,132817,132845,132848],{},[196,132811,132812,132813,132816],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,132814,132815],{},".join()"," as the separator",[196,132818,132819,132820],{},"Common separators are:\n",[193,132821,132822,132828,132834,132840],{},[196,132823,132824,132827],{},[15,132825,132826],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[196,132829,132830,132833],{},[15,132831,132832],{},"\", \""," for commas",[196,132835,132836,132839],{},[15,132837,132838],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[196,132841,132842,132844],{},[15,132843,5634],{}," for no separator",[196,132846,132847],{},"It returns a new string",[196,132849,132850],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,132852,1559],{},[44,132854,132856],{"className":46,"code":132855,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,132857,132858,132890,132912,132916,132926],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132859,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870,132872,132874,132876,132878,132880,132882,132884,132886,132888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132861,3431],{"class":59},[53,132863,64],{"class":63},[53,132865,2982],{"class":67},[53,132867,72],{"class":71},[53,132869,76],{"class":75},[53,132871,72],{"class":71},[53,132873,81],{"class":67},[53,132875,84],{"class":71},[53,132877,96],{"class":75},[53,132879,72],{"class":71},[53,132881,81],{"class":67},[53,132883,84],{"class":71},[53,132885,87],{"class":75},[53,132887,72],{"class":71},[53,132889,2995],{"class":67},[53,132891,132892,132894,132896,132898,132900,132902,132904,132906,132908,132910],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132893,1582],{"class":59},[53,132895,64],{"class":63},[53,132897,84],{"class":71},[53,132899,1540],{"class":75},[53,132901,72],{"class":71},[53,132903,37],{"class":67},[53,132905,132758],{"class":112},[53,132907,116],{"class":67},[53,132909,3473],{"class":112},[53,132911,125],{"class":67},[53,132913,132914],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,132915,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,132917,132918,132920,132922,132924],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,132919,132],{"class":131},[53,132921,116],{"class":67},[53,132923,1617],{"class":112},[53,132925,125],{"class":67},[53,132927,132928,132930,132932,132934],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,132929,132],{"class":131},[53,132931,116],{"class":67},[53,132933,3473],{"class":112},[53,132935,125],{"class":67},[20,132937,772],{},[44,132939,132941],{"className":46,"code":132940,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,132942,132943,132956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,132944,132945,132947,132949,132952,132954],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,132946,76],{"class":59},[53,132948,81],{"class":67},[53,132950,132951],{"class":59}," green",[53,132953,81],{"class":67},[53,132955,35236],{"class":59},[53,132957,132958,132960,132962,132964,132966,132968,132970,132972,132974,132976,132978,132980,132982],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,132959,3260],{"class":67},[53,132961,156],{"class":71},[53,132963,76],{"class":75},[53,132965,156],{"class":71},[53,132967,81],{"class":67},[53,132969,165],{"class":71},[53,132971,96],{"class":75},[53,132973,156],{"class":71},[53,132975,81],{"class":67},[53,132977,165],{"class":71},[53,132979,87],{"class":75},[53,132981,156],{"class":71},[53,132983,2995],{"class":67},[20,132985,132986,132987,132989],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,132988,132681],{}," creates a new string.",[39,132991,217],{"id":216},[20,132993,6581],{},[44,132995,132997],{"className":46,"code":132996,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,132998,132999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133000,133001,133004,133006,133008,133010,133012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133002,133003],{"class":59},"separator",[53,133005,37],{"class":67},[53,133007,132758],{"class":112},[53,133009,116],{"class":67},[53,133011,3081],{"class":112},[53,133013,125],{"class":67},[599,133015,48368],{"id":48367},[193,133017,133018,133031,133036],{},[196,133019,133020,133022,133023,1540,133025,1540,133027,1544,133029],{},[15,133021,133003],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133024,132826],{},[15,133026,132832],{},[15,133028,132838],{},[15,133030,5634],{},[196,133032,133033,133035],{},[15,133034,3081],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[196,133037,133038],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133040,1559],{},[44,133042,133044],{"className":46,"code":133043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133045,133046,133078,133101,133105],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133047,133048,133050,133052,133054,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070,133072,133074,133076],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133049,4353],{"class":59},[53,133051,64],{"class":63},[53,133053,2982],{"class":67},[53,133055,72],{"class":71},[53,133057,12244],{"class":75},[53,133059,72],{"class":71},[53,133061,81],{"class":67},[53,133063,84],{"class":71},[53,133065,35296],{"class":75},[53,133067,72],{"class":71},[53,133069,81],{"class":67},[53,133071,84],{"class":71},[53,133073,35305],{"class":75},[53,133075,72],{"class":71},[53,133077,2995],{"class":67},[53,133079,133080,133082,133084,133086,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133081,1582],{"class":59},[53,133083,64],{"class":63},[53,133085,84],{"class":71},[53,133087,133088],{"class":75}," | ",[53,133090,72],{"class":71},[53,133092,37],{"class":67},[53,133094,132758],{"class":112},[53,133096,116],{"class":67},[53,133098,4397],{"class":112},[53,133100,125],{"class":67},[53,133102,133103],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,133104,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,133106,133107,133109,133111,133113],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,133108,132],{"class":131},[53,133110,116],{"class":67},[53,133112,1617],{"class":112},[53,133114,125],{"class":67},[20,133116,772],{},[44,133118,133120],{"className":46,"code":133119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133121,133122],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133123,133124,133127,133129,133132,133134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133125,133126],{"class":59},"Ana ",[53,133128,113106],{"class":63},[53,133130,133131],{"class":59}," Ben ",[53,133133,113106],{"class":63},[53,133135,35377],{"class":59},[20,133137,133138,133139,37],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[464,133140,124354],{"href":50334},[39,133142,121130],{"id":121129},[599,133144,133146],{"id":133145},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[44,133148,133150],{"className":46,"code":133149,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133151,133152,133185,133205,133209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133153,133154,133156,133158,133160,133162,133164,133166,133168,133170,133172,133174,133176,133178,133181,133183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133155,3431],{"class":59},[53,133157,64],{"class":63},[53,133159,2982],{"class":67},[53,133161,72],{"class":71},[53,133163,6660],{"class":75},[53,133165,72],{"class":71},[53,133167,81],{"class":67},[53,133169,84],{"class":71},[53,133171,11558],{"class":75},[53,133173,72],{"class":71},[53,133175,81],{"class":67},[53,133177,84],{"class":71},[53,133179,133180],{"class":75},"easy",[53,133182,72],{"class":71},[53,133184,2995],{"class":67},[53,133186,133187,133189,133191,133193,133195,133197,133199,133201,133203],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133188,1582],{"class":59},[53,133190,64],{"class":63},[53,133192,84],{"class":71},[53,133194,84],{"class":71},[53,133196,37],{"class":67},[53,133198,132758],{"class":112},[53,133200,116],{"class":67},[53,133202,3473],{"class":112},[53,133204,125],{"class":67},[53,133206,133207],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,133208,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,133210,133211,133213,133215,133217],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,133212,132],{"class":131},[53,133214,116],{"class":67},[53,133216,1617],{"class":112},[53,133218,125],{"class":67},[20,133220,772],{},[44,133222,133224],{"className":46,"code":133223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python is easy\n",[15,133225,133226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133227,133228,133230,133232],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133229,2934],{"class":59},[53,133231,11558],{"class":63},[53,133233,133234],{"class":59}," easy\n",[599,133236,133238],{"id":133237},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[44,133240,133242],{"className":46,"code":133241,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133243,133244,133279,133301,133305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133245,133246,133248,133250,133252,133254,133257,133259,133261,133263,133266,133268,133270,133272,133275,133277],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133247,7144],{"class":59},[53,133249,64],{"class":63},[53,133251,2982],{"class":67},[53,133253,72],{"class":71},[53,133255,133256],{"class":75},"apples",[53,133258,72],{"class":71},[53,133260,81],{"class":67},[53,133262,84],{"class":71},[53,133264,133265],{"class":75},"bananas",[53,133267,72],{"class":71},[53,133269,81],{"class":67},[53,133271,84],{"class":71},[53,133273,133274],{"class":75},"oranges",[53,133276,72],{"class":71},[53,133278,2995],{"class":67},[53,133280,133281,133283,133285,133287,133289,133291,133293,133295,133297,133299],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133282,1582],{"class":59},[53,133284,64],{"class":63},[53,133286,84],{"class":71},[53,133288,1540],{"class":75},[53,133290,72],{"class":71},[53,133292,37],{"class":67},[53,133294,132758],{"class":112},[53,133296,116],{"class":67},[53,133298,7175],{"class":112},[53,133300,125],{"class":67},[53,133302,133303],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,133304,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,133306,133307,133309,133311,133313],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,133308,132],{"class":131},[53,133310,116],{"class":67},[53,133312,1617],{"class":112},[53,133314,125],{"class":67},[20,133316,772],{},[44,133318,133320],{"className":46,"code":133319,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133321,133322],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133323,133324,133326,133328,133331,133333],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133325,133256],{"class":59},[53,133327,81],{"class":67},[53,133329,133330],{"class":59}," bananas",[53,133332,81],{"class":67},[53,133334,133335],{"class":59}," oranges\n",[599,133337,133339],{"id":133338},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[44,133341,133343],{"className":46,"code":133342,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133344,133345,133402,133420,133424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133346,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355,133358,133360,133362,133364,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374,133376,133378,133380,133382,133384,133386,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133348,620],{"class":59},[53,133350,64],{"class":63},[53,133352,2982],{"class":67},[53,133354,72],{"class":71},[53,133356,133357],{"class":75},"P",[53,133359,72],{"class":71},[53,133361,81],{"class":67},[53,133363,84],{"class":71},[53,133365,11110],{"class":75},[53,133367,72],{"class":71},[53,133369,81],{"class":67},[53,133371,84],{"class":71},[53,133373,62646],{"class":75},[53,133375,72],{"class":71},[53,133377,81],{"class":67},[53,133379,84],{"class":71},[53,133381,59797],{"class":75},[53,133383,72],{"class":71},[53,133385,81],{"class":67},[53,133387,84],{"class":71},[53,133389,59832],{"class":75},[53,133391,72],{"class":71},[53,133393,81],{"class":67},[53,133395,84],{"class":71},[53,133397,75389],{"class":75},[53,133399,72],{"class":71},[53,133401,2995],{"class":67},[53,133403,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133405,1582],{"class":59},[53,133407,64],{"class":63},[53,133409,5488],{"class":71},[53,133411,37],{"class":67},[53,133413,132758],{"class":112},[53,133415,116],{"class":67},[53,133417,655],{"class":112},[53,133419,125],{"class":67},[53,133421,133422],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,133423,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,133425,133426,133428,133430,133432],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,133427,132],{"class":131},[53,133429,116],{"class":67},[53,133431,1617],{"class":112},[53,133433,125],{"class":67},[20,133435,772],{},[44,133437,133439],{"className":46,"code":133438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python\n",[15,133440,133441],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133442,133443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133444,133438],{"class":59},[599,133446,133448,133449,133451],{"id":133447},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133450,132681],{}," returns the result",[44,133453,133455],{"className":46,"code":133454,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133456,133457,133490,133513,133517],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133458,133459,133461,133463,133465,133467,133469,133471,133473,133475,133477,133479,133481,133483,133486,133488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133460,3431],{"class":59},[53,133462,64],{"class":63},[53,133464,2982],{"class":67},[53,133466,72],{"class":71},[53,133468,5948],{"class":75},[53,133470,72],{"class":71},[53,133472,81],{"class":67},[53,133474,84],{"class":71},[53,133476,78630],{"class":75},[53,133478,72],{"class":71},[53,133480,81],{"class":67},[53,133482,84],{"class":71},[53,133484,133485],{"class":75},"three",[53,133487,72],{"class":71},[53,133489,2995],{"class":67},[53,133491,133492,133495,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133493,133494],{"class":59},"joined_text ",[53,133496,64],{"class":63},[53,133498,84],{"class":71},[53,133500,1371],{"class":75},[53,133502,72],{"class":71},[53,133504,37],{"class":67},[53,133506,132758],{"class":112},[53,133508,116],{"class":67},[53,133510,3473],{"class":112},[53,133512,125],{"class":67},[53,133514,133515],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,133516,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,133518,133519,133521,133523,133526],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,133520,132],{"class":131},[53,133522,116],{"class":67},[53,133524,133525],{"class":112},"joined_text",[53,133527,125],{"class":67},[20,133529,772],{},[44,133531,133533],{"className":46,"code":133532,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one-two-three\n",[15,133534,133535],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133536,133537,133539,133541,133543,133545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133538,5948],{"class":59},[53,133540,1371],{"class":63},[53,133542,78630],{"class":59},[53,133544,1371],{"class":63},[53,133546,133547],{"class":59},"three\n",[39,133549,133551],{"id":133550},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133553,133554],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[599,133556,133558,133561],{"id":133557},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133559,133560],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[44,133563,133565],{"className":46,"code":133564,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133566,133567,133591],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133568,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583,133585,133587,133589],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133570,3431],{"class":59},[53,133572,64],{"class":63},[53,133574,2982],{"class":67},[53,133576,72],{"class":71},[53,133578,3206],{"class":75},[53,133580,72],{"class":71},[53,133582,81],{"class":67},[53,133584,84],{"class":71},[53,133586,59950],{"class":75},[53,133588,72],{"class":71},[53,133590,2995],{"class":67},[53,133592,133593,133595,133597,133599,133601,133603,133605,133607,133609],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133594,132],{"class":131},[53,133596,116],{"class":67},[53,133598,72],{"class":71},[53,133600,84],{"class":71},[53,133602,37],{"class":67},[53,133604,132758],{"class":112},[53,133606,116],{"class":67},[53,133608,3473],{"class":112},[53,133610,1377],{"class":67},[20,133612,772],{},[44,133614,133616],{"className":46,"code":133615,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n",[15,133617,133618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133619,133620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133621,133615],{"class":59},[599,133623,133625,133628],{"id":133624},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133626,133627],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[44,133630,133632],{"className":46,"code":133631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133633,133634,133666],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133635,133636,133638,133640,133642,133644,133646,133648,133650,133652,133654,133656,133658,133660,133662,133664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133637,60],{"class":59},[53,133639,64],{"class":63},[53,133641,2982],{"class":67},[53,133643,72],{"class":71},[53,133645,76],{"class":75},[53,133647,72],{"class":71},[53,133649,81],{"class":67},[53,133651,84],{"class":71},[53,133653,87],{"class":75},[53,133655,72],{"class":71},[53,133657,81],{"class":67},[53,133659,84],{"class":71},[53,133661,96],{"class":75},[53,133663,72],{"class":71},[53,133665,2995],{"class":67},[53,133667,133668,133670,133672,133674,133676,133678,133680,133682,133684,133686],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133669,132],{"class":131},[53,133671,116],{"class":67},[53,133673,72],{"class":71},[53,133675,1540],{"class":75},[53,133677,72],{"class":71},[53,133679,37],{"class":67},[53,133681,132758],{"class":112},[53,133683,116],{"class":67},[53,133685,107],{"class":112},[53,133687,1377],{"class":67},[20,133689,772],{},[44,133691,133693],{"className":46,"code":133692,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red, blue, green\n",[15,133694,133695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133696,133697,133699,133701,133704,133706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133698,76],{"class":59},[53,133700,81],{"class":67},[53,133702,133703],{"class":59}," blue",[53,133705,81],{"class":67},[53,133707,35229],{"class":59},[20,133709,133710],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[599,133712,133714,133717],{"id":133713},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,133715,133716],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[44,133719,133721],{"className":46,"code":133720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,133722,133723,133755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133724,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743,133745,133747,133749,133751,133753],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133726,42192],{"class":59},[53,133728,64],{"class":63},[53,133730,2982],{"class":67},[53,133732,72],{"class":71},[53,133734,48],{"class":75},[53,133736,72],{"class":71},[53,133738,81],{"class":67},[53,133740,84],{"class":71},[53,133742,60533],{"class":75},[53,133744,72],{"class":71},[53,133746,81],{"class":67},[53,133748,84],{"class":71},[53,133750,132758],{"class":75},[53,133752,72],{"class":71},[53,133754,2995],{"class":67},[53,133756,133757,133759,133761,133763,133765,133767,133769,133771,133773,133775],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133758,132],{"class":131},[53,133760,116],{"class":67},[53,133762,72],{"class":71},[53,133764,1371],{"class":75},[53,133766,72],{"class":71},[53,133768,37],{"class":67},[53,133770,132758],{"class":112},[53,133772,116],{"class":67},[53,133774,42224],{"class":112},[53,133776,1377],{"class":67},[20,133778,772],{},[44,133780,133782],{"className":46,"code":133781,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"python-string-join\n",[15,133783,133784],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133785,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133787,48],{"class":59},[53,133789,1371],{"class":63},[53,133791,60533],{"class":59},[53,133793,1371],{"class":63},[53,133795,133796],{"class":59},"join\n",[599,133798,133800,133803],{"id":133799},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,133801,133802],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[44,133805,133807],{"className":46,"code":133806,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,133808,133809,133842],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133810,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133838,133840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133812,112178],{"class":59},[53,133814,64],{"class":63},[53,133816,2982],{"class":67},[53,133818,72],{"class":71},[53,133820,21599],{"class":75},[53,133822,72],{"class":71},[53,133824,81],{"class":67},[53,133826,84],{"class":71},[53,133828,29953],{"class":75},[53,133830,72],{"class":71},[53,133832,81],{"class":67},[53,133834,84],{"class":71},[53,133836,133837],{"class":75},"C",[53,133839,72],{"class":71},[53,133841,2995],{"class":67},[53,133843,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854,133856,133859],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133845,132],{"class":131},[53,133847,116],{"class":67},[53,133849,5634],{"class":71},[53,133851,37],{"class":67},[53,133853,132758],{"class":112},[53,133855,116],{"class":67},[53,133857,133858],{"class":112},"chars",[53,133860,1377],{"class":67},[20,133862,772],{},[44,133864,133866],{"className":46,"code":133865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ABC\n",[15,133867,133868],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133869,133870],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133871,133865],{"class":33807},[39,133873,133875],{"id":133874},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,133877,133878,133880],{},[15,133879,132681],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[599,133882,133884],{"id":133883},"this-works","This works",[44,133886,133888],{"className":46,"code":133887,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133889,133890,133922],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133891,133892,133894,133896,133898,133900,133902,133904,133906,133908,133910,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133893,3183],{"class":59},[53,133895,64],{"class":63},[53,133897,2982],{"class":67},[53,133899,72],{"class":71},[53,133901,1684],{"class":75},[53,133903,72],{"class":71},[53,133905,81],{"class":67},[53,133907,84],{"class":71},[53,133909,15114],{"class":75},[53,133911,72],{"class":71},[53,133913,81],{"class":67},[53,133915,84],{"class":71},[53,133917,36194],{"class":75},[53,133919,72],{"class":71},[53,133921,2995],{"class":67},[53,133923,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932,133934,133936,133938,133940,133942],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133925,132],{"class":131},[53,133927,116],{"class":67},[53,133929,72],{"class":71},[53,133931,1540],{"class":75},[53,133933,72],{"class":71},[53,133935,37],{"class":67},[53,133937,132758],{"class":112},[53,133939,116],{"class":67},[53,133941,4718],{"class":112},[53,133943,1377],{"class":67},[20,133945,772],{},[44,133947,133949],{"className":46,"code":133948,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,133950,133951],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133952,133953,133955,133957,133959,133961],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133954,1684],{"class":273},[53,133956,81],{"class":67},[53,133958,7155],{"class":273},[53,133960,81],{"class":67},[53,133962,133963],{"class":273}," 30\n",[599,133965,133967],{"id":133966},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[44,133969,133971],{"className":46,"code":133970,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,133972,133973,133993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,133974,133975,133977,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,133976,3183],{"class":59},[53,133978,64],{"class":63},[53,133980,2982],{"class":67},[53,133982,274],{"class":273},[53,133984,81],{"class":67},[53,133986,279],{"class":273},[53,133988,81],{"class":67},[53,133990,284],{"class":273},[53,133992,2995],{"class":67},[53,133994,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007,134009,134011,134013],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,133996,132],{"class":131},[53,133998,116],{"class":67},[53,134000,72],{"class":71},[53,134002,1540],{"class":75},[53,134004,72],{"class":71},[53,134006,37],{"class":67},[53,134008,132758],{"class":112},[53,134010,116],{"class":67},[53,134012,4718],{"class":112},[53,134014,1377],{"class":67},[20,134016,89670,134017,134019],{},[15,134018,2360],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134021,134022],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[44,134024,134026],{"className":46,"code":134025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134027,134028,134048,134078,134082],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134029,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134031,3183],{"class":59},[53,134033,64],{"class":63},[53,134035,2982],{"class":67},[53,134037,274],{"class":273},[53,134039,81],{"class":67},[53,134041,279],{"class":273},[53,134043,81],{"class":67},[53,134045,284],{"class":273},[53,134047,2995],{"class":67},[53,134049,134050,134052,134054,134056,134058,134060,134062,134064,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134051,1582],{"class":59},[53,134053,64],{"class":63},[53,134055,84],{"class":71},[53,134057,1540],{"class":75},[53,134059,72],{"class":71},[53,134061,37],{"class":67},[53,134063,132758],{"class":112},[53,134065,116],{"class":67},[53,134067,39213],{"class":131},[53,134069,116],{"class":67},[53,134071,2801],{"class":550},[53,134073,81],{"class":67},[53,134075,3245],{"class":112},[53,134077,1377],{"class":67},[53,134079,134080],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,134081,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,134083,134084,134086,134088,134090],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,134085,132],{"class":131},[53,134087,116],{"class":67},[53,134089,1617],{"class":112},[53,134091,125],{"class":67},[20,134093,772],{},[44,134095,134097],{"className":46,"code":134096,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134098,134099],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134100,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134102,274],{"class":273},[53,134104,81],{"class":67},[53,134106,279],{"class":273},[53,134108,81],{"class":67},[53,134110,1931],{"class":273},[20,134112,134113,134114,37],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[464,134115,2934,134116,2867],{"href":41530},[15,134117,47041],{},[599,134119,134121,134123],{"id":134120},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134122,849],{}," values do not work directly",[44,134125,134127],{"className":46,"code":134126,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134128,134129,134157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134130,134131,134133,134135,134137,134139,134141,134143,134145,134147,134149,134151,134153,134155],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134132,3183],{"class":59},[53,134134,64],{"class":63},[53,134136,2982],{"class":67},[53,134138,72],{"class":71},[53,134140,356],{"class":75},[53,134142,72],{"class":71},[53,134144,81],{"class":67},[53,134146,3213],{"class":938},[53,134148,81],{"class":67},[53,134150,84],{"class":71},[53,134152,365],{"class":75},[53,134154,72],{"class":71},[53,134156,2995],{"class":67},[53,134158,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134160,132],{"class":131},[53,134162,116],{"class":67},[53,134164,72],{"class":71},[53,134166,1540],{"class":75},[53,134168,72],{"class":71},[53,134170,37],{"class":67},[53,134172,132758],{"class":112},[53,134174,116],{"class":67},[53,134176,4718],{"class":112},[53,134178,1377],{"class":67},[20,134180,134181,134182,37],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134183,2360],{},[20,134185,134186],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[44,134188,134190],{"className":46,"code":134189,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134191,134192,134220,134250,134254],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134193,134194,134196,134198,134200,134202,134204,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134195,3183],{"class":59},[53,134197,64],{"class":63},[53,134199,2982],{"class":67},[53,134201,72],{"class":71},[53,134203,356],{"class":75},[53,134205,72],{"class":71},[53,134207,81],{"class":67},[53,134209,3213],{"class":938},[53,134211,81],{"class":67},[53,134213,84],{"class":71},[53,134215,365],{"class":75},[53,134217,72],{"class":71},[53,134219,2995],{"class":67},[53,134221,134222,134224,134226,134228,134230,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134223,1582],{"class":59},[53,134225,64],{"class":63},[53,134227,84],{"class":71},[53,134229,1540],{"class":75},[53,134231,72],{"class":71},[53,134233,37],{"class":67},[53,134235,132758],{"class":112},[53,134237,116],{"class":67},[53,134239,39213],{"class":131},[53,134241,116],{"class":67},[53,134243,2801],{"class":550},[53,134245,81],{"class":67},[53,134247,3245],{"class":112},[53,134249,1377],{"class":67},[53,134251,134252],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,134253,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,134255,134256,134258,134260,134262],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,134257,132],{"class":131},[53,134259,116],{"class":67},[53,134261,1617],{"class":112},[53,134263,125],{"class":67},[20,134265,772],{},[44,134267,134269],{"className":46,"code":134268,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134270,134271],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134272,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134274,356],{"class":59},[53,134276,81],{"class":67},[53,134278,3213],{"class":938},[53,134280,81],{"class":67},[53,134282,134283],{"class":59}," banana\n",[20,134285,134286,134287,134289],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134288,849],{}," values instead of converting them.",[599,134291,134293,134295],{"id":134292},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134294,132681],{}," also works with tuples",[44,134297,134299],{"className":46,"code":134298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134300,134301,134333],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134302,134303,134305,134307,134309,134311,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134304,4353],{"class":59},[53,134306,64],{"class":63},[53,134308,8605],{"class":67},[53,134310,72],{"class":71},[53,134312,7041],{"class":75},[53,134314,72],{"class":71},[53,134316,81],{"class":67},[53,134318,84],{"class":71},[53,134320,130687],{"class":75},[53,134322,72],{"class":71},[53,134324,81],{"class":67},[53,134326,84],{"class":71},[53,134328,7287],{"class":75},[53,134330,72],{"class":71},[53,134332,125],{"class":67},[53,134334,134335,134337,134339,134341,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134336,132],{"class":131},[53,134338,116],{"class":67},[53,134340,72],{"class":71},[53,134342,134343],{"class":75}," \u002F ",[53,134345,72],{"class":71},[53,134347,37],{"class":67},[53,134349,132758],{"class":112},[53,134351,116],{"class":67},[53,134353,4397],{"class":112},[53,134355,1377],{"class":67},[20,134357,772],{},[44,134359,134361],{"className":46,"code":134360,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134362,134363],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134364,134365,134368,134370,134373,134375],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134366,134367],{"class":59},"Sam ",[53,134369,126491],{"class":63},[53,134371,134372],{"class":59}," Lee ",[53,134374,126491],{"class":63},[53,134376,21688],{"class":59},[39,134378,134380,134381],{"id":134379},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134382,132681],{},[20,134384,134385],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[599,134387,134389,134390,134392],{"id":134388},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134391,2360],{}," because not all items are strings",[44,134394,134396],{"className":46,"code":134395,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134397,134398,134426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134399,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134401,7144],{"class":59},[53,134403,64],{"class":63},[53,134405,2982],{"class":67},[53,134407,72],{"class":71},[53,134409,464],{"class":75},[53,134411,72],{"class":71},[53,134413,81],{"class":67},[53,134415,279],{"class":273},[53,134417,81],{"class":67},[53,134419,84],{"class":71},[53,134421,646],{"class":75},[53,134423,72],{"class":71},[53,134425,2995],{"class":67},[53,134427,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438,134440,134442,134444],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134429,132],{"class":131},[53,134431,116],{"class":67},[53,134433,72],{"class":71},[53,134435,84],{"class":71},[53,134437,37],{"class":67},[53,134439,132758],{"class":112},[53,134441,116],{"class":67},[53,134443,7175],{"class":112},[53,134445,1377],{"class":67},[20,134447,47868,134448,134450],{},[15,134449,300],{}," is an integer.",[20,134452,38615],{},[44,134454,134456],{"className":46,"code":134455,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134457,134458,134486],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134459,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134461,7144],{"class":59},[53,134463,64],{"class":63},[53,134465,2982],{"class":67},[53,134467,72],{"class":71},[53,134469,464],{"class":75},[53,134471,72],{"class":71},[53,134473,81],{"class":67},[53,134475,279],{"class":273},[53,134477,81],{"class":67},[53,134479,84],{"class":71},[53,134481,646],{"class":75},[53,134483,72],{"class":71},[53,134485,2995],{"class":67},[53,134487,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134489,132],{"class":131},[53,134491,116],{"class":67},[53,134493,72],{"class":71},[53,134495,84],{"class":71},[53,134497,37],{"class":67},[53,134499,132758],{"class":112},[53,134501,116],{"class":67},[53,134503,39213],{"class":131},[53,134505,116],{"class":67},[53,134507,2801],{"class":550},[53,134509,81],{"class":67},[53,134511,5327],{"class":112},[53,134513,2267],{"class":67},[20,134515,134516,134517,37],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[464,134518,25034,134520],{"href":134519},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134521,134522],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[599,134524,134526,134527,134529],{"id":134525},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134528,132681],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134531,3883],{},[44,134533,134535],{"className":46,"code":134534,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134536,134537,134569],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134538,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134540,3431],{"class":59},[53,134542,64],{"class":63},[53,134544,2982],{"class":67},[53,134546,72],{"class":71},[53,134548,6660],{"class":75},[53,134550,72],{"class":71},[53,134552,81],{"class":67},[53,134554,84],{"class":71},[53,134556,11558],{"class":75},[53,134558,72],{"class":71},[53,134560,81],{"class":67},[53,134562,84],{"class":71},[53,134564,132739],{"class":75},[53,134566,72],{"class":71},[53,134568,2995],{"class":67},[53,134570,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134572,1582],{"class":59},[53,134574,64],{"class":63},[53,134576,5530],{"class":59},[53,134578,37],{"class":67},[53,134580,132758],{"class":112},[53,134582,116],{"class":67},[53,134584,72],{"class":71},[53,134586,84],{"class":71},[53,134588,125],{"class":67},[20,134590,134591,134593],{},[15,134592,132681],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134595,10174],{},[44,134597,134599],{"className":46,"code":134598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134600,134601,134633,134653,134657],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134602,134603,134605,134607,134609,134611,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621,134623,134625,134627,134629,134631],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134604,3431],{"class":59},[53,134606,64],{"class":63},[53,134608,2982],{"class":67},[53,134610,72],{"class":71},[53,134612,6660],{"class":75},[53,134614,72],{"class":71},[53,134616,81],{"class":67},[53,134618,84],{"class":71},[53,134620,11558],{"class":75},[53,134622,72],{"class":71},[53,134624,81],{"class":67},[53,134626,84],{"class":71},[53,134628,132739],{"class":75},[53,134630,72],{"class":71},[53,134632,2995],{"class":67},[53,134634,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134636,1582],{"class":59},[53,134638,64],{"class":63},[53,134640,84],{"class":71},[53,134642,84],{"class":71},[53,134644,37],{"class":67},[53,134646,132758],{"class":112},[53,134648,116],{"class":67},[53,134650,3473],{"class":112},[53,134652,125],{"class":67},[53,134654,134655],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,134656,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,134658,134659,134661,134663,134665],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,134660,132],{"class":131},[53,134662,116],{"class":67},[53,134664,1617],{"class":112},[53,134666,125],{"class":67},[599,134668,134670],{"id":134669},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[44,134672,134674],{"className":46,"code":134673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,134675,134676,134708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134677,134678,134680,134682,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694,134696,134698,134700,134702,134704,134706],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134679,3431],{"class":59},[53,134681,64],{"class":63},[53,134683,2982],{"class":67},[53,134685,72],{"class":71},[53,134687,5948],{"class":75},[53,134689,72],{"class":71},[53,134691,81],{"class":67},[53,134693,84],{"class":71},[53,134695,78630],{"class":75},[53,134697,72],{"class":71},[53,134699,81],{"class":67},[53,134701,84],{"class":71},[53,134703,133485],{"class":75},[53,134705,72],{"class":71},[53,134707,2995],{"class":67},[53,134709,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134711,132],{"class":131},[53,134713,116],{"class":67},[53,134715,5634],{"class":71},[53,134717,37],{"class":67},[53,134719,132758],{"class":112},[53,134721,116],{"class":67},[53,134723,3473],{"class":112},[53,134725,1377],{"class":67},[20,134727,772],{},[44,134729,134731],{"className":46,"code":134730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"onetwothree\n",[15,134732,134733],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134734,134735],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134736,134730],{"class":59},[20,134738,134739,134740,5994],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,134741,132826],{},[599,134743,134745,134746,130949],{"id":134744},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,134747,132681],{},[44,134749,134751],{"className":46,"code":134750,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,134752,134753,134785,134803,134807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134754,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767,134769,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134756,3431],{"class":59},[53,134758,64],{"class":63},[53,134760,2982],{"class":67},[53,134762,72],{"class":71},[53,134764,464],{"class":75},[53,134766,72],{"class":71},[53,134768,81],{"class":67},[53,134770,84],{"class":71},[53,134772,637],{"class":75},[53,134774,72],{"class":71},[53,134776,81],{"class":67},[53,134778,84],{"class":71},[53,134780,646],{"class":75},[53,134782,72],{"class":71},[53,134784,2995],{"class":67},[53,134786,134787,134789,134791,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134788,72],{"class":42684},[53,134790,1371],{"class":42688},[53,134792,72],{"class":42684},[53,134794,37],{"class":67},[53,134796,132758],{"class":112},[53,134798,116],{"class":67},[53,134800,3473],{"class":112},[53,134802,125],{"class":67},[53,134804,134805],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,134806,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,134808,134809,134811,134813,134815],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,134810,132],{"class":131},[53,134812,116],{"class":67},[53,134814,3473],{"class":112},[53,134816,125],{"class":67},[20,134818,772],{},[44,134820,134821],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,134822,134823],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134824,134825,134827,134829,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134826,3260],{"class":67},[53,134828,156],{"class":71},[53,134830,464],{"class":75},[53,134832,156],{"class":71},[53,134834,81],{"class":67},[53,134836,165],{"class":71},[53,134838,637],{"class":75},[53,134840,156],{"class":71},[53,134842,81],{"class":67},[53,134844,165],{"class":71},[53,134846,646],{"class":75},[53,134848,156],{"class":71},[53,134850,2995],{"class":67},[20,134852,134853,134854,134856],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,134855,132681],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[39,134858,134860,134862,134863],{"id":134859},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,134861,132681],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,134864,1409],{},[20,134866,9957,134867,594,134869,134871],{},[15,134868,132681],{},[15,134870,1409],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[599,134873,174,134875,134877],{"id":134874},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,134876,1409],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[44,134879,134881],{"className":46,"code":134880,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134882,134883,134896,134909,134929,134933],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134884,134885,134888,134890,134892,134894],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134886,134887],{"class":59},"first ",[53,134889,64],{"class":63},[53,134891,84],{"class":71},[53,134893,34221],{"class":75},[53,134895,2715],{"class":71},[53,134897,134898,134901,134903,134905,134907],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,134899,134900],{"class":59},"second ",[53,134902,64],{"class":63},[53,134904,84],{"class":71},[53,134906,89099],{"class":75},[53,134908,2715],{"class":71},[53,134910,134911,134913,134915,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,134912,1582],{"class":59},[53,134914,64],{"class":63},[53,134916,134917],{"class":59}," first ",[53,134919,1409],{"class":63},[53,134921,84],{"class":71},[53,134923,84],{"class":71},[53,134925,1808],{"class":63},[53,134927,134928],{"class":59}," second\n",[53,134930,134931],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,134932,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,134934,134935,134937,134939,134941],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,134936,132],{"class":131},[53,134938,116],{"class":67},[53,134940,1617],{"class":112},[53,134942,125],{"class":67},[20,134944,772],{},[44,134946,134948],{"className":46,"code":134947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Hello World\n",[15,134949,134950],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134951,134952],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134953,134947],{"class":59},[599,134955,174,134957,134959],{"id":134956},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,134958,132681],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[44,134961,134963],{"className":46,"code":134962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134964,134965,135007,135027,135031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,134966,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134986,134988,134990,134992,134995,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,134968,3431],{"class":59},[53,134970,64],{"class":63},[53,134972,2982],{"class":67},[53,134974,72],{"class":71},[53,134976,6660],{"class":75},[53,134978,72],{"class":71},[53,134980,81],{"class":67},[53,134982,84],{"class":71},[53,134984,134985],{"class":75},"makes",[53,134987,72],{"class":71},[53,134989,81],{"class":67},[53,134991,84],{"class":71},[53,134993,134994],{"class":75},"this",[53,134996,72],{"class":71},[53,134998,81],{"class":67},[53,135000,84],{"class":71},[53,135002,133180],{"class":75},[53,135004,72],{"class":71},[53,135006,2995],{"class":67},[53,135008,135009,135011,135013,135015,135017,135019,135021,135023,135025],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135010,1582],{"class":59},[53,135012,64],{"class":63},[53,135014,84],{"class":71},[53,135016,84],{"class":71},[53,135018,37],{"class":67},[53,135020,132758],{"class":112},[53,135022,116],{"class":67},[53,135024,3473],{"class":112},[53,135026,125],{"class":67},[53,135028,135029],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135030,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135032,135033,135035,135037,135039],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135034,132],{"class":131},[53,135036,116],{"class":67},[53,135038,1617],{"class":112},[53,135040,125],{"class":67},[20,135042,772],{},[44,135044,135046],{"className":46,"code":135045,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135047,135048],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135049,135050],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135051,135045],{"class":59},[20,135053,135054,135056],{},[15,135055,132681],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[193,135058,135059,135062,135065],{},[196,135060,135061],{},"You already have a list of strings",[196,135063,135064],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[196,135066,135067,135068,135070],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135069,1409],{}," operators",[20,135072,135073,135074,37],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[464,135075,135077],{"href":135076},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[39,135079,135081],{"id":135080},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135083,8243,135084,135086],{},[15,135085,132681],{}," is not working, check these first:",[193,135088,135089,135092,135097,135106,135112],{},[196,135090,135091],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[196,135093,135094,135095],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135096,849],{},[196,135098,135099,135100,10458,135103],{},"You may have written ",[15,135101,135102],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135104,135105],{},"string.join(...)",[196,135107,135108,135109,135111],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135110,132681],{}," to change the original iterable",[196,135113,135114],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135116,93739],{},[44,135118,135120],{"className":46,"code":135119,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135121,135122,135136,135146,135170,135210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135123,135124,135126,135128,135130,135132,135134],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135125,132],{"class":131},[53,135127,116],{"class":67},[53,135129,2578],{"class":550},[53,135131,116],{"class":67},[53,135133,7175],{"class":112},[53,135135,1377],{"class":67},[53,135137,135138,135140,135142,135144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135139,132],{"class":131},[53,135141,116],{"class":67},[53,135143,7175],{"class":112},[53,135145,125],{"class":67},[53,135147,135148,135150,135152,135154,135156,135158,135160,135162,135164,135166,135168],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135149,132],{"class":131},[53,135151,2341],{"class":67},[53,135153,2578],{"class":550},[53,135155,116],{"class":67},[53,135157,22664],{"class":112},[53,135159,3021],{"class":67},[53,135161,3237],{"class":1105},[53,135163,5322],{"class":112},[53,135165,1067],{"class":1105},[53,135167,5327],{"class":112},[53,135169,3248],{"class":67},[53,135171,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192,135194,135196,135198,135200,135202,135204,135206,135208],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135173,132],{"class":131},[53,135175,116],{"class":67},[53,135177,156],{"class":71},[53,135179,165],{"class":71},[53,135181,37],{"class":67},[53,135183,132758],{"class":112},[53,135185,2341],{"class":67},[53,135187,156],{"class":71},[53,135189,464],{"class":75},[53,135191,156],{"class":71},[53,135193,81],{"class":67},[53,135195,165],{"class":71},[53,135197,637],{"class":75},[53,135199,156],{"class":71},[53,135201,81],{"class":67},[53,135203,165],{"class":71},[53,135205,646],{"class":75},[53,135207,156],{"class":71},[53,135209,2354],{"class":67},[53,135211,135212,135214,135216,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242,135244,135246,135248],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,135213,132],{"class":131},[53,135215,116],{"class":67},[53,135217,156],{"class":71},[53,135219,1540],{"class":75},[53,135221,156],{"class":71},[53,135223,37],{"class":67},[53,135225,132758],{"class":112},[53,135227,116],{"class":67},[53,135229,39213],{"class":131},[53,135231,116],{"class":67},[53,135233,2801],{"class":550},[53,135235,81],{"class":67},[53,135237,2982],{"class":67},[53,135239,274],{"class":273},[53,135241,81],{"class":67},[53,135243,279],{"class":273},[53,135245,81],{"class":67},[53,135247,284],{"class":273},[53,135249,36617],{"class":67},[20,135251,135252],{},"What these checks do:",[193,135254,135255,135263,135269,135275,135284],{},[196,135256,135257,135260,135261,7463],{},[15,135258,135259],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135262,7175],{},[196,135264,135265,135268],{},[15,135266,135267],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[196,135270,135271,135274],{},[15,135272,135273],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[196,135276,135277,135280,135281,135283],{},[15,135278,135279],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135282,132681],{}," behavior",[196,135285,135286,135289],{},[15,135287,135288],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[39,135291,1187],{"id":1186},[599,135293,1191,135295,135297],{"id":135294},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135296,132681],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135299,135300,135301,135303,135304,37],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135302,132681],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135305,135306],{},"map(str, values)",[599,135308,1191,135310,56521],{"id":135309},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135311,132681],{},[20,135313,135314],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[599,135316,27684,135318,61994],{"id":135317},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135319,132681],{},[20,135321,41507,135322,135324],{},[15,135323,132681],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[599,135326,4501,135328,39314],{"id":135327},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135329,135330],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135332,135333],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[599,135335,135337,135338,135340,135341,1222],{"id":135336},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135339,2360],{}," when using ",[15,135342,132681],{},[20,135344,135345],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[39,135347,1244],{"id":1243},[193,135349,135350,135355,135361,135367,135373],{},[196,135351,135352],{},[464,135353,135354],{"href":135076},"How to join strings in Python",[196,135356,135357],{},[464,135358,125599,135359,830],{"href":128286},[15,135360,59890],{},[196,135362,135363],{},[464,135364,2934,135365,2867],{"href":41530},[15,135366,47041],{},[196,135368,135369],{},[464,135370,29700,135371],{"href":134519},[15,135372,134522],{},[196,135374,135375],{},[464,135376,124354],{"href":50334},[20,135378,96701,135379,135381],{},[15,135380,132681],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1276,135383,135384],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":135386},[135387,135388,135390,135393,135400,135410,135418,135428,135435,135436,135448],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":132798,"depth":104,"text":135389},"What join() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":135391},[135392],{"id":48367,"depth":128,"text":48368},{"id":121129,"depth":104,"text":121130,"children":135394},[135395,135396,135397,135398],{"id":133145,"depth":128,"text":133146},{"id":133237,"depth":128,"text":133238},{"id":133338,"depth":128,"text":133339},{"id":133447,"depth":128,"text":135399},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133550,"depth":104,"text":133551,"children":135401},[135402,135404,135406,135408],{"id":133557,"depth":128,"text":135403},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133624,"depth":128,"text":135405},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":133713,"depth":128,"text":135407},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":133799,"depth":128,"text":135409},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":133874,"depth":104,"text":133875,"children":135411},[135412,135413,135414,135416],{"id":133883,"depth":128,"text":133884},{"id":133966,"depth":128,"text":133967},{"id":134120,"depth":128,"text":135415},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134292,"depth":128,"text":135417},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134379,"depth":104,"text":135419,"children":135420},"Common errors with join()",[135421,135423,135425,135426],{"id":134388,"depth":128,"text":135422},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134525,"depth":128,"text":135424},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":134669,"depth":128,"text":134670},{"id":134744,"depth":128,"text":135427},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":134859,"depth":104,"text":135429,"children":135430},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135431,135433],{"id":134874,"depth":128,"text":135432},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":134956,"depth":128,"text":135434},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135080,"depth":104,"text":135081},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":135437},[135438,135440,135442,135444,135446],{"id":135294,"depth":128,"text":135439},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135309,"depth":128,"text":135441},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135317,"depth":128,"text":135443},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135327,"depth":128,"text":135445},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135336,"depth":128,"text":135447},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":132673,"description":135449},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135456,"title":135457,"body":135458,"description":137026,"extension":1312,"meta":137027,"navigation":383,"path":137028,"seo":137029,"stem":137030,"__hash__":137031},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135459,"toc":136993},[135460,135465,135470,135472,135486,135531,135538,135543,135548,135550,135566,135575,135577,135579,135594,135596,135606,135608,135670,135672,135675,135736,135738,135754,135756,135769,135772,135819,135821,135827,135830,135833,135893,135901,135987,135991,135996,135998,136012,136015,136100,136103,136161,136172,136227,136229,136236,136242,136248,136292,136295,136342,136344,136346,136353,136355,136386,136389,136391,136422,136426,136429,136431,136471,136473,136516,136522,136527,136529,136556,136561,136564,136613,136617,136620,136695,136706,136709,136766,136773,136779,136787,136792,136799,136806,136824,136826,136880,136888,136890,136895,136898,136904,136910,136915,136918,136924,136930,136937,136945,136947,136990],[10,135461,122599,135463,18],{"id":135462},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135464,123329],{},[20,135466,122604,135467,135469],{},[15,135468,123329],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135471,23441],{},[193,135473,135474,135477,135480,135483],{},[196,135475,135476],{},"convert text to lowercase",[196,135478,135479],{},"compare text without case differences",[196,135481,135482],{},"clean up user input",[196,135484,135485],{},"make simple text matching easier",[44,135487,135489],{"className":46,"code":135488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135490,135491,135504,135518],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135492,135493,135495,135497,135499,135502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135494,34042],{"class":59},[53,135496,64],{"class":63},[53,135498,84],{"class":71},[53,135500,135501],{"class":75},"Hello WORLD",[53,135503,2715],{"class":71},[53,135505,135506,135508,135510,135512,135514,135516],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135507,1582],{"class":59},[53,135509,64],{"class":63},[53,135511,42197],{"class":59},[53,135513,37],{"class":67},[53,135515,8008],{"class":112},[53,135517,8011],{"class":67},[53,135519,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135521,132],{"class":131},[53,135523,116],{"class":67},[53,135525,1617],{"class":112},[53,135527,3021],{"class":67},[53,135529,135530],{"class":3024},"  # hello world\n",[20,135532,135533,88322,135535,135537],{},[30,135534,83180],{},[15,135536,123329],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[39,135539,183,135541,186],{"id":135540},"what-lower-does",[15,135542,123329],{},[20,135544,135545,135547],{},[15,135546,123329],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135549,12416],{},[193,135551,135552,135557,135560,135563],{},[196,135553,135554,135556],{},[15,135555,123329],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[196,135558,135559],{},"It works on string objects",[196,135561,135562],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[196,135564,135565],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135567,124351,135568,135572,135573,37],{},[464,135569,135571],{"href":135570},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[464,135574,50335],{"href":50334},[39,135576,217],{"id":216},[20,135578,1510],{},[44,135580,135582],{"className":46,"code":135581,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.lower()\n",[15,135583,135584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135585,135586,135588,135590,135592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135587,60533],{"class":59},[53,135589,37],{"class":67},[53,135591,8008],{"class":112},[53,135593,8011],{"class":67},[20,135595,43006],{},[193,135597,135598,135600,135603],{},[196,135599,96879],{},[196,135601,135602],{},"You call it directly on a string",[196,135604,135605],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135607,1559],{},[44,135609,135611],{"className":46,"code":135610,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135612,135613,135636,135640,135653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135614,135615,135617,135619,135621,135624,135626,135628,135630,135633],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135616,132],{"class":131},[53,135618,116],{"class":67},[53,135620,72],{"class":71},[53,135622,135623],{"class":75},"HELLO",[53,135625,72],{"class":71},[53,135627,37],{"class":67},[53,135629,8008],{"class":112},[53,135631,135632],{"class":67},"())",[53,135634,135635],{"class":3024},"  # hello\n",[53,135637,135638],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135639,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135641,135642,135644,135646,135648,135651],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135643,7242],{"class":59},[53,135645,64],{"class":63},[53,135647,84],{"class":71},[53,135649,135650],{"class":75},"PyThOn",[53,135652,2715],{"class":71},[53,135654,135655,135657,135659,135661,135663,135665,135667],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135656,132],{"class":131},[53,135658,116],{"class":67},[53,135660,7032],{"class":112},[53,135662,37],{"class":67},[53,135664,8008],{"class":112},[53,135666,135632],{"class":67},[53,135668,135669],{"class":3024},"  # python\n",[39,135671,337],{"id":336},[20,135673,135674],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[44,135676,135678],{"className":46,"code":135677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,135679,135680,135692,135696,135711,135715,135726],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135681,135682,135684,135686,135688,135690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135683,34042],{"class":59},[53,135685,64],{"class":63},[53,135687,84],{"class":71},[53,135689,135501],{"class":75},[53,135691,2715],{"class":71},[53,135693,135694],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135695,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135697,135698,135701,135703,135705,135707,135709],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135699,135700],{"class":59},"lower_text ",[53,135702,64],{"class":63},[53,135704,42197],{"class":59},[53,135706,37],{"class":67},[53,135708,8008],{"class":112},[53,135710,8011],{"class":67},[53,135712,135713],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135714,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135716,135717,135719,135721,135724],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,135718,132],{"class":131},[53,135720,116],{"class":67},[53,135722,135723],{"class":112},"lower_text",[53,135725,125],{"class":67},[53,135727,135728,135730,135732,135734],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,135729,132],{"class":131},[53,135731,116],{"class":67},[53,135733,34063],{"class":112},[53,135735,125],{"class":67},[20,135737,772],{},[44,135739,135741],{"className":46,"code":135740,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,135742,135743,135747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135744,135745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135746,133615],{"class":59},[53,135748,135749,135751],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135750,131015],{"class":59},[53,135752,135753],{"class":33807},"WORLD\n",[20,135755,23961],{},[193,135757,135758,135763],{},[196,135759,135760,135762],{},[15,135761,123329],{}," returns the lowercase result",[196,135764,135765,135766,135768],{},"the original ",[15,135767,34063],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,135770,135771],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[44,135773,135775],{"className":46,"code":135774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,135776,135777,135789,135803,135807],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135778,135779,135781,135783,135785,135787],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135780,34042],{"class":59},[53,135782,64],{"class":63},[53,135784,84],{"class":71},[53,135786,135501],{"class":75},[53,135788,2715],{"class":71},[53,135790,135791,135793,135795,135797,135799,135801],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135792,34042],{"class":59},[53,135794,64],{"class":63},[53,135796,42197],{"class":59},[53,135798,37],{"class":67},[53,135800,8008],{"class":112},[53,135802,8011],{"class":67},[53,135804,135805],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135806,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135808,135809,135811,135813,135815,135817],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135810,132],{"class":131},[53,135812,116],{"class":67},[53,135814,34063],{"class":112},[53,135816,3021],{"class":67},[53,135818,135530],{"class":3024},[39,135820,16778],{"id":16777},[20,135822,135823,21330,135825,37],{},[15,135824,123329],{},[30,135826,60533],{},[20,135828,135829],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,135831,135832],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[44,135834,135836],{"className":46,"code":135835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,135837,135838,135852,135856,135879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135839,135840,135843,135845,135847,135850],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135841,135842],{"class":59},"answer ",[53,135844,64],{"class":63},[53,135846,84],{"class":71},[53,135848,135849],{"class":75},"YES",[53,135851,2715],{"class":71},[53,135853,135854],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135855,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135857,135858,135860,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871,135873,135875,135877],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135859,1106],{"class":1105},[53,135861,135862],{"class":59}," answer",[53,135864,37],{"class":67},[53,135866,8008],{"class":112},[53,135868,6729],{"class":67},[53,135870,5770],{"class":63},[53,135872,84],{"class":71},[53,135874,8026],{"class":75},[53,135876,72],{"class":71},[53,135878,1120],{"class":67},[53,135880,135881,135883,135885,135887,135889,135891],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135882,7435],{"class":131},[53,135884,116],{"class":67},[53,135886,72],{"class":71},[53,135888,96191],{"class":75},[53,135890,72],{"class":71},[53,135892,125],{"class":67},[20,135894,135895,135896,191],{},"This is especially useful with ",[464,135897,135898,135899,1656],{"href":7586},"the ",[15,135900,2313],{},[44,135902,135904],{"className":46,"code":135903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,135905,135906,135925,135929,135951,135966,135972],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,135907,135908,135910,135912,135914,135916,135918,135921,135923],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,135909,135842],{"class":59},[53,135911,64],{"class":63},[53,135913,7609],{"class":131},[53,135915,116],{"class":67},[53,135917,72],{"class":71},[53,135919,135920],{"class":75},"Type yes or no: ",[53,135922,72],{"class":71},[53,135924,125],{"class":67},[53,135926,135927],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,135928,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,135930,135931,135933,135935,135937,135939,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,135932,1106],{"class":1105},[53,135934,135862],{"class":59},[53,135936,37],{"class":67},[53,135938,8008],{"class":112},[53,135940,6729],{"class":67},[53,135942,5770],{"class":63},[53,135944,84],{"class":71},[53,135946,8026],{"class":75},[53,135948,72],{"class":71},[53,135950,1120],{"class":67},[53,135952,135953,135955,135957,135959,135962,135964],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,135954,7435],{"class":131},[53,135956,116],{"class":67},[53,135958,72],{"class":71},[53,135960,135961],{"class":75},"You typed yes",[53,135963,72],{"class":71},[53,135965,125],{"class":67},[53,135967,135968,135970],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,135969,26789],{"class":1105},[53,135971,1120],{"class":67},[53,135973,135974,135976,135978,135980,135983,135985],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,135975,7435],{"class":131},[53,135977,116],{"class":67},[53,135979,72],{"class":71},[53,135981,135982],{"class":75},"You typed something else",[53,135984,72],{"class":71},[53,135986,125],{"class":67},[39,135988,135990],{"id":135989},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,135992,135993,135995],{},[15,135994,123329],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,135997,6706],{},[193,135999,136000,136003,136006,136009],{},[196,136001,136002],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[196,136004,136005],{},"Make text matching easier",[196,136007,136008],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[196,136010,136011],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136013,136014],{},"Example: checking user input",[44,136016,136018],{"className":46,"code":136017,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136019,136020,136038,136042,136064,136079,136085],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136021,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030,136032,136034,136036],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136023,44315],{"class":59},[53,136025,64],{"class":63},[53,136027,7609],{"class":131},[53,136029,116],{"class":67},[53,136031,72],{"class":71},[53,136033,44326],{"class":75},[53,136035,72],{"class":71},[53,136037,125],{"class":67},[53,136039,136040],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136041,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136043,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052,136054,136056,136058,136060,136062],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136045,1106],{"class":1105},[53,136047,35206],{"class":59},[53,136049,37],{"class":67},[53,136051,8008],{"class":112},[53,136053,6729],{"class":67},[53,136055,5770],{"class":63},[53,136057,84],{"class":71},[53,136059,87],{"class":75},[53,136061,72],{"class":71},[53,136063,1120],{"class":67},[53,136065,136066,136068,136070,136072,136075,136077],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136067,7435],{"class":131},[53,136069,116],{"class":67},[53,136071,72],{"class":71},[53,136073,136074],{"class":75},"Nice choice!",[53,136076,72],{"class":71},[53,136078,125],{"class":67},[53,136080,136081,136083],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,136082,26789],{"class":1105},[53,136084,1120],{"class":67},[53,136086,136087,136089,136091,136093,136096,136098],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,136088,7435],{"class":131},[53,136090,116],{"class":67},[53,136092,72],{"class":71},[53,136094,136095],{"class":75},"Got it.",[53,136097,72],{"class":71},[53,136099,125],{"class":67},[20,136101,136102],{},"Example: simple search",[44,136104,136106],{"className":46,"code":136105,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136107,136108,136121,136125,136146],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136109,136110,136112,136114,136116,136119],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136111,89366],{"class":59},[53,136113,64],{"class":63},[53,136115,84],{"class":71},[53,136117,136118],{"class":75},"Python Is Fun",[53,136120,2715],{"class":71},[53,136122,136123],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136124,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136126,136127,136129,136131,136133,136135,136137,136140,136142,136144],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136128,1106],{"class":1105},[53,136130,84],{"class":71},[53,136132,48],{"class":75},[53,136134,72],{"class":71},[53,136136,1115],{"class":63},[53,136138,136139],{"class":59}," message",[53,136141,37],{"class":67},[53,136143,8008],{"class":112},[53,136145,20950],{"class":67},[53,136147,136148,136150,136152,136154,136157,136159],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136149,7435],{"class":131},[53,136151,116],{"class":67},[53,136153,72],{"class":71},[53,136155,136156],{"class":75},"Found it",[53,136158,72],{"class":71},[53,136160,125],{"class":67},[20,136162,136163,136164,136166,136167,191],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136165,123329],{}," is often used with ",[464,136168,136170],{"href":136169},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136171,41008],{},[44,136173,136175],{"className":46,"code":136174,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136176,136177,136190,136209,136213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136178,136179,136181,136183,136185,136188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136180,7242],{"class":59},[53,136182,64],{"class":63},[53,136184,84],{"class":71},[53,136186,136187],{"class":75},"  ALICE  ",[53,136189,2715],{"class":71},[53,136191,136192,136195,136197,136199,136201,136203,136205,136207],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136193,136194],{"class":59},"clean_name ",[53,136196,64],{"class":63},[53,136198,35347],{"class":59},[53,136200,37],{"class":67},[53,136202,8002],{"class":112},[53,136204,8005],{"class":67},[53,136206,8008],{"class":112},[53,136208,8011],{"class":67},[53,136210,136211],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136212,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136214,136215,136217,136219,136222,136224],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136216,132],{"class":131},[53,136218,116],{"class":67},[53,136220,136221],{"class":112},"clean_name",[53,136223,3021],{"class":67},[53,136225,136226],{"class":3024},"  # alice\n",[39,136228,14957],{"id":14956},[20,136230,136231,136232,136235],{},"Strings are ",[30,136233,136234],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136237,136238,136239,136241],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136240,123329],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136243,136244,136245,136247],{},"So this does ",[30,136246,461],{}," update the original variable:",[44,136249,136251],{"className":46,"code":136250,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136252,136253,136265,136275,136279],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136254,136255,136257,136259,136261,136263],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136256,34042],{"class":59},[53,136258,64],{"class":63},[53,136260,84],{"class":71},[53,136262,135623],{"class":75},[53,136264,2715],{"class":71},[53,136266,136267,136269,136271,136273],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136268,34063],{"class":59},[53,136270,37],{"class":67},[53,136272,8008],{"class":112},[53,136274,8011],{"class":67},[53,136276,136277],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136278,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136280,136281,136283,136285,136287,136289],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136282,132],{"class":131},[53,136284,116],{"class":67},[53,136286,34063],{"class":112},[53,136288,3021],{"class":67},[53,136290,136291],{"class":3024},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136293,136294],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[44,136296,136298],{"className":46,"code":136297,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136299,136300,136312,136326,136330],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136301,136302,136304,136306,136308,136310],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136303,34042],{"class":59},[53,136305,64],{"class":63},[53,136307,84],{"class":71},[53,136309,135623],{"class":75},[53,136311,2715],{"class":71},[53,136313,136314,136316,136318,136320,136322,136324],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136315,34042],{"class":59},[53,136317,64],{"class":63},[53,136319,42197],{"class":59},[53,136321,37],{"class":67},[53,136323,8008],{"class":112},[53,136325,8011],{"class":67},[53,136327,136328],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136329,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136331,136332,136334,136336,136338,136340],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136333,132],{"class":131},[53,136335,116],{"class":67},[53,136337,34063],{"class":112},[53,136339,3021],{"class":67},[53,136341,135635],{"class":3024},[39,136343,2185],{"id":2184},[599,136345,25042],{"id":25041},[20,136347,136348,136349,10458,136351,37],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136350,8008],{},[15,136352,123329],{},[20,136354,852],{},[44,136356,136358],{"className":46,"code":136357,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136359,136360,136372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136361,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136363,34042],{"class":59},[53,136365,64],{"class":63},[53,136367,84],{"class":71},[53,136369,135623],{"class":75},[53,136371,2715],{"class":71},[53,136373,136374,136376,136378,136380,136382,136384],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136375,132],{"class":131},[53,136377,116],{"class":67},[53,136379,34063],{"class":112},[53,136381,37],{"class":67},[53,136383,8008],{"class":24104},[53,136385,125],{"class":67},[20,136387,136388],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136390,941],{},[44,136392,136394],{"className":46,"code":136393,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136395,136396,136408],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136397,136398,136400,136402,136404,136406],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136399,34042],{"class":59},[53,136401,64],{"class":63},[53,136403,84],{"class":71},[53,136405,135623],{"class":75},[53,136407,2715],{"class":71},[53,136409,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136411,132],{"class":131},[53,136413,116],{"class":67},[53,136415,34063],{"class":112},[53,136417,37],{"class":67},[53,136419,8008],{"class":112},[53,136421,6557],{"class":67},[599,136423,136425],{"id":136424},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136427,136428],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136430,852],{},[44,136432,136434],{"className":46,"code":136433,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136435,136436,136448,136458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136437,136438,136440,136442,136444,136446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136439,34042],{"class":59},[53,136441,64],{"class":63},[53,136443,84],{"class":71},[53,136445,135623],{"class":75},[53,136447,2715],{"class":71},[53,136449,136450,136452,136454,136456],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136451,34063],{"class":59},[53,136453,37],{"class":67},[53,136455,8008],{"class":112},[53,136457,8011],{"class":67},[53,136459,136460,136462,136464,136466,136468],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136461,132],{"class":131},[53,136463,116],{"class":67},[53,136465,34063],{"class":112},[53,136467,3021],{"class":67},[53,136469,136470],{"class":3024},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136472,941],{},[44,136474,136476],{"className":46,"code":136475,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136477,136478,136490,136504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136479,136480,136482,136484,136486,136488],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136481,34042],{"class":59},[53,136483,64],{"class":63},[53,136485,84],{"class":71},[53,136487,135623],{"class":75},[53,136489,2715],{"class":71},[53,136491,136492,136494,136496,136498,136500,136502],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136493,34042],{"class":59},[53,136495,64],{"class":63},[53,136497,42197],{"class":59},[53,136499,37],{"class":67},[53,136501,8008],{"class":112},[53,136503,8011],{"class":67},[53,136505,136506,136508,136510,136512,136514],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136507,132],{"class":131},[53,136509,116],{"class":67},[53,136511,34063],{"class":112},[53,136513,3021],{"class":67},[53,136515,135635],{"class":3024},[599,136517,7785,136519,136521],{"id":136518},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136520,123329],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136523,136524,136526],{},[15,136525,123329],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136528,852],{},[44,136530,136532],{"className":46,"code":136531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136533,136534,136542],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136535,136536,136538,136540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136537,1569],{"class":59},[53,136539,64],{"class":63},[53,136541,124281],{"class":273},[53,136543,136544,136546,136548,136550,136552,136554],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136545,132],{"class":131},[53,136547,116],{"class":67},[53,136549,1592],{"class":112},[53,136551,37],{"class":67},[53,136553,8008],{"class":112},[53,136555,6557],{"class":67},[20,136557,136558,136559,32954],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136560,123329],{},[20,136562,136563],{},"You can check the type first:",[44,136565,136567],{"className":46,"code":136566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136568,136569,136581,136585,136599],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136570,136571,136573,136575,136577,136579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136572,34042],{"class":59},[53,136574,64],{"class":63},[53,136576,84],{"class":71},[53,136578,135623],{"class":75},[53,136580,2715],{"class":71},[53,136582,136583],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136584,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136586,136587,136589,136591,136593,136595,136597],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136588,132],{"class":131},[53,136590,116],{"class":67},[53,136592,2578],{"class":550},[53,136594,116],{"class":67},[53,136596,34063],{"class":112},[53,136598,1377],{"class":67},[53,136600,136601,136603,136605,136607,136609,136611],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136602,132],{"class":131},[53,136604,116],{"class":67},[53,136606,34063],{"class":112},[53,136608,37],{"class":67},[53,136610,8008],{"class":112},[53,136612,6557],{"class":67},[599,136614,136616],{"id":136615},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136618,136619],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[44,136621,136623],{"className":46,"code":136622,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136624,136625,136638,136642,136659,136674,136680],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136626,136627,136629,136631,136633,136636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136628,135842],{"class":59},[53,136630,64],{"class":63},[53,136632,84],{"class":71},[53,136634,136635],{"class":75},"Yes",[53,136637,2715],{"class":71},[53,136639,136640],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136641,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136643,136644,136646,136649,136651,136653,136655,136657],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136645,1106],{"class":1105},[53,136647,136648],{"class":59}," answer ",[53,136650,4046],{"class":63},[53,136652,84],{"class":71},[53,136654,8026],{"class":75},[53,136656,72],{"class":71},[53,136658,1120],{"class":67},[53,136660,136661,136663,136665,136667,136670,136672],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136662,7435],{"class":131},[53,136664,116],{"class":67},[53,136666,72],{"class":71},[53,136668,136669],{"class":75},"Match",[53,136671,72],{"class":71},[53,136673,125],{"class":67},[53,136675,136676,136678],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,136677,26789],{"class":1105},[53,136679,1120],{"class":67},[53,136681,136682,136684,136686,136688,136691,136693],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,136683,7435],{"class":131},[53,136685,116],{"class":67},[53,136687,72],{"class":71},[53,136689,136690],{"class":75},"No match",[53,136692,72],{"class":71},[53,136694,125],{"class":67},[20,136696,28417,136697,594,136700,136703,136704,37],{},[15,136698,136699],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,136701,136702],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,136705,136690],{},[20,136707,136708],{},"Better:",[44,136710,136712],{"className":46,"code":136711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,136713,136714,136726,136730,136752],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136715,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136717,135842],{"class":59},[53,136719,64],{"class":63},[53,136721,84],{"class":71},[53,136723,136635],{"class":75},[53,136725,2715],{"class":71},[53,136727,136728],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136729,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136731,136732,136734,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746,136748,136750],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136733,1106],{"class":1105},[53,136735,135862],{"class":59},[53,136737,37],{"class":67},[53,136739,8008],{"class":112},[53,136741,6729],{"class":67},[53,136743,5770],{"class":63},[53,136745,84],{"class":71},[53,136747,8026],{"class":75},[53,136749,72],{"class":71},[53,136751,1120],{"class":67},[53,136753,136754,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136755,7435],{"class":131},[53,136757,116],{"class":67},[53,136759,72],{"class":71},[53,136761,136669],{"class":75},[53,136763,72],{"class":71},[53,136765,125],{"class":67},[599,136767,43569,136769,136772],{"id":136768},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,136770,136771],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,136774,136775,136776,136778],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,136777,123329],{}," is enough.",[20,136780,136781,136782,136784,136785,37],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,136783,136771],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,136786,123329],{},[20,136788,136789,136790,121841],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,136791,123329],{},[39,136793,136795,9952,136797],{"id":136794},"lower-vs-upper",[15,136796,123329],{},[15,136798,127477],{},[20,136800,136801,594,136803,136805],{},[15,136802,123329],{},[15,136804,127477],{}," are very similar.",[193,136807,136808,136813,136818,136821],{},[196,136809,136810,136812],{},[15,136811,123329],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[196,136814,136815,136817],{},[15,136816,127477],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[196,136819,136820],{},"Both return new strings",[196,136822,136823],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,136825,1559],{},[44,136827,136829],{"className":46,"code":136828,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,136830,136831,136843,136847,136863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,136832,136833,136835,136837,136839,136841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,136834,34042],{"class":59},[53,136836,64],{"class":63},[53,136838,84],{"class":71},[53,136840,128318],{"class":75},[53,136842,2715],{"class":71},[53,136844,136845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,136846,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136857,136859,136861],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,136850,132],{"class":131},[53,136852,116],{"class":67},[53,136854,34063],{"class":112},[53,136856,37],{"class":67},[53,136858,8008],{"class":112},[53,136860,135632],{"class":67},[53,136862,135530],{"class":3024},[53,136864,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,136866,132],{"class":131},[53,136868,116],{"class":67},[53,136870,34063],{"class":112},[53,136872,37],{"class":67},[53,136874,33832],{"class":112},[53,136876,135632],{"class":67},[53,136878,136879],{"class":3024},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,136881,136882,136883,37],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[464,136884,125599,136886,830],{"href":136885},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,136887,127477],{},[39,136889,1187],{"id":1186},[599,136891,1191,136893,123926],{"id":136892},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,136894,123329],{},[20,136896,136897],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[599,136899,1191,136901,136903],{"id":136900},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,136902,123329],{}," take any arguments?",[20,136905,136906,136907,37],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,136908,136909],{},"string.lower()",[599,136911,4501,136913,12080],{"id":136912},"what-does-lower-return",[15,136914,123329],{},[20,136916,136917],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[599,136919,27684,136921,136923],{"id":136920},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,136922,123329],{}," on user input?",[20,136925,136926,136927,136929],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,136928,2313],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[599,136931,4538,136933,594,136935,1222],{"id":136932},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,136934,123329],{},[15,136936,136771],{},[20,136938,136939,136941,136942,136944],{},[15,136940,123329],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,136943,136771],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[39,136946,1244],{"id":1243},[193,136948,136949,136953,136959,136965,136971,136975,136979,136985],{},[196,136950,136951],{},[464,136952,50335],{"href":50334},[196,136954,136955],{},[464,136956,125599,136957,830],{"href":136885},[15,136958,127477],{},[196,136960,136961],{},[464,136962,125599,136963,830],{"href":136169},[15,136964,41008],{},[196,136966,136967],{},[464,136968,125599,136969,830],{"href":129180},[15,136970,123770],{},[196,136972,136973],{},[464,136974,123998],{"href":122854},[196,136976,136977],{},[464,136978,90042],{"href":89051},[196,136980,136981],{},[464,136982,2934,136983,2867],{"href":7586},[15,136984,2313],{},[196,136986,136987],{},[464,136988,136989],{"href":135570},"What is a string in Python?",[1276,136991,136992],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":136994},[136995,136997,136998,136999,137000,137001,137002,137011,137013,137025],{"id":135540,"depth":104,"text":136996},"What lower() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":135989,"depth":104,"text":135990},{"id":14956,"depth":104,"text":14957},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":137003},[137004,137005,137006,137008,137009],{"id":25041,"depth":128,"text":25042},{"id":136424,"depth":128,"text":136425},{"id":136518,"depth":128,"text":137007},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136615,"depth":128,"text":136616},{"id":136768,"depth":128,"text":137010},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":136794,"depth":104,"text":137012},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":137014},[137015,137017,137019,137021,137023],{"id":136892,"depth":128,"text":137016},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":136900,"depth":128,"text":137018},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":136912,"depth":128,"text":137020},"What does lower() return?",{"id":136920,"depth":128,"text":137022},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":136932,"depth":128,"text":137024},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135457,"description":137026},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137033,"title":137034,"body":137035,"description":138585,"extension":1312,"meta":138586,"navigation":383,"path":138587,"seo":138588,"stem":138589,"__hash__":138590},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137036,"toc":138546},[137037,137042,137047,137053,137068,137070,137130,137132,137141,137147,137152,137157,137159,137173,137177,137179,137226,137228,137246,137248,137251,137322,137324,137338,137341,137353,137362,137366,137371,137376,137380,137446,137448,137457,137461,137526,137528,137537,137540,137545,137549,137554,137558,137619,137621,137630,137634,137637,137693,137695,137704,137707,137720,137722,137726,137733,137795,137797,137810,137816,137819,137826,137831,137836,137839,137847,137849,137910,137912,137921,137924,137971,137974,138021,138023,138028,138045,138052,138057,138110,138112,138120,138122,138179,138181,138189,138193,138240,138242,138250,138258,138262,138310,138312,138321,138326,138377,138379,138388,138395,138398,138419,138421,138426,138429,138433,138436,138440,138443,138470,138476,138479,138506,138511,138513,138515,138543],[10,137038,122599,137040,18],{"id":137039},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137041,123770],{},[20,137043,122604,137044,137046],{},[15,137045,123770],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137048,137049,137050,137052],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137051,123770],{},". You will learn:",[193,137054,137055,137059,137062,137065],{},[196,137056,25374,137057,186],{},[15,137058,123770],{},[196,137060,137061],{},"how its syntax works",[196,137063,137064],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[196,137066,137067],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[39,137069,42],{"id":41},[44,137071,137073],{"className":46,"code":137072,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137074,137075,137088,137120],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137076,137077,137079,137081,137083,137086],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137078,34042],{"class":59},[53,137080,64],{"class":63},[53,137082,84],{"class":71},[53,137084,137085],{"class":75},"I like cats",[53,137087,2715],{"class":71},[53,137089,137090,137092,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104,137107,137109,137111,137113,137116,137118],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137091,129438],{"class":59},[53,137093,64],{"class":63},[53,137095,42197],{"class":59},[53,137097,37],{"class":67},[53,137099,34353],{"class":112},[53,137101,116],{"class":67},[53,137103,72],{"class":71},[53,137105,137106],{"class":75},"cats",[53,137108,72],{"class":71},[53,137110,81],{"class":67},[53,137112,84],{"class":71},[53,137114,137115],{"class":75},"dogs",[53,137117,72],{"class":71},[53,137119,125],{"class":67},[53,137121,137122,137124,137126,137128],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137123,132],{"class":131},[53,137125,116],{"class":67},[53,137127,129469],{"class":112},[53,137129,125],{"class":67},[20,137131,772],{},[44,137133,137135],{"className":46,"code":137134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like dogs\n",[15,137136,137137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137138,137139],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137140,137134],{"class":59},[20,137142,174,137143,137146],{},[15,137144,137145],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[39,137148,183,137150,186],{"id":137149},"what-replace-does",[15,137151,123770],{},[20,137153,137154,137156],{},[15,137155,123770],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137158,12416],{},[193,137160,137161,137163,137165,137168],{},[196,137162,132847],{},[196,137164,135565],{},[196,137166,137167],{},"It works on exact matches",[196,137169,137170,137171],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137172,40614],{},[20,137174,124351,137175,37],{},[464,137176,124354],{"href":50334},[39,137178,4791],{"id":4790},[44,137180,137182],{"className":46,"code":137181,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137183,137184,137204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137185,137186,137188,137190,137192,137194,137197,137199,137202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137187,60533],{"class":59},[53,137189,37],{"class":67},[53,137191,34353],{"class":112},[53,137193,116],{"class":67},[53,137195,137196],{"class":112},"old",[53,137198,81],{"class":67},[53,137200,137201],{"class":112}," new",[53,137203,125],{"class":67},[53,137205,137206,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216,137218,137220,137222,137224],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137207,60533],{"class":59},[53,137209,37],{"class":67},[53,137211,34353],{"class":112},[53,137213,116],{"class":67},[53,137215,137196],{"class":112},[53,137217,81],{"class":67},[53,137219,137201],{"class":112},[53,137221,81],{"class":67},[53,137223,48960],{"class":112},[53,137225,125],{"class":67},[599,137227,16754],{"id":16753},[193,137229,137230,137235,137241],{},[196,137231,137232,137234],{},[15,137233,137196],{}," = the text to find",[196,137236,137237,137240],{},[15,137238,137239],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[196,137242,137243,137245],{},[15,137244,40614],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[39,137247,5148],{"id":5147},[20,137249,137250],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[44,137252,137254],{"className":46,"code":137253,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137255,137256,137268,137298,137302,137312],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137257,137258,137260,137262,137264,137266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137259,34042],{"class":59},[53,137261,64],{"class":63},[53,137263,84],{"class":71},[53,137265,137085],{"class":75},[53,137267,2715],{"class":71},[53,137269,137270,137272,137274,137276,137278,137280,137282,137284,137286,137288,137290,137292,137294,137296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137271,129438],{"class":59},[53,137273,64],{"class":63},[53,137275,42197],{"class":59},[53,137277,37],{"class":67},[53,137279,34353],{"class":112},[53,137281,116],{"class":67},[53,137283,72],{"class":71},[53,137285,137106],{"class":75},[53,137287,72],{"class":71},[53,137289,81],{"class":67},[53,137291,84],{"class":71},[53,137293,137115],{"class":75},[53,137295,72],{"class":71},[53,137297,125],{"class":67},[53,137299,137300],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137301,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137303,137304,137306,137308,137310],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137305,132],{"class":131},[53,137307,116],{"class":67},[53,137309,34063],{"class":112},[53,137311,125],{"class":67},[53,137313,137314,137316,137318,137320],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,137315,132],{"class":131},[53,137317,116],{"class":67},[53,137319,129469],{"class":112},[53,137321,125],{"class":67},[20,137323,772],{},[44,137325,137327],{"className":46,"code":137326,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137328,137329,137334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137330,137331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137332,137333],{"class":59},"I like cats\n",[53,137335,137336],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137337,137134],{"class":59},[20,137339,137340],{},"Notice what happened:",[193,137342,137343,137348],{},[196,137344,137345,137347],{},[15,137346,34063],{}," did not change",[196,137349,137350,137352],{},[15,137351,129469],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137354,137355,137356,137358,137359,137361],{},"This happens because strings are ",[30,137357,136234],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137360,123770],{}," return a new string instead.",[39,137363,137365],{"id":137364},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137367,89060,137368,137370],{},[15,137369,123770],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137372,137373,137374,35974],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137375,40614],{},[599,137377,137379],{"id":137378},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[44,137381,137383],{"className":46,"code":137382,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137384,137385,137398,137432,137436],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137386,137387,137389,137391,137393,137396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137388,34042],{"class":59},[53,137390,64],{"class":63},[53,137392,84],{"class":71},[53,137394,137395],{"class":75},"cat cat cat",[53,137397,2715],{"class":71},[53,137399,137400,137402,137404,137406,137408,137410,137412,137414,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426,137428,137430],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137401,1582],{"class":59},[53,137403,64],{"class":63},[53,137405,42197],{"class":59},[53,137407,37],{"class":67},[53,137409,34353],{"class":112},[53,137411,116],{"class":67},[53,137413,72],{"class":71},[53,137415,36400],{"class":75},[53,137417,72],{"class":71},[53,137419,81],{"class":67},[53,137421,84],{"class":71},[53,137423,57485],{"class":75},[53,137425,72],{"class":71},[53,137427,81],{"class":67},[53,137429,4858],{"class":273},[53,137431,125],{"class":67},[53,137433,137434],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137435,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137437,137438,137440,137442,137444],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137439,132],{"class":131},[53,137441,116],{"class":67},[53,137443,1617],{"class":112},[53,137445,125],{"class":67},[20,137447,772],{},[44,137449,137451],{"className":46,"code":137450,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137452,137453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137454,137455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137456,137450],{"class":59},[599,137458,137460],{"id":137459},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[44,137462,137464],{"className":46,"code":137463,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137465,137466,137478,137512,137516],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137467,137468,137470,137472,137474,137476],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137469,34042],{"class":59},[53,137471,64],{"class":63},[53,137473,84],{"class":71},[53,137475,137395],{"class":75},[53,137477,2715],{"class":71},[53,137479,137480,137482,137484,137486,137488,137490,137492,137494,137496,137498,137500,137502,137504,137506,137508,137510],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137481,1582],{"class":59},[53,137483,64],{"class":63},[53,137485,42197],{"class":59},[53,137487,37],{"class":67},[53,137489,34353],{"class":112},[53,137491,116],{"class":67},[53,137493,72],{"class":71},[53,137495,36400],{"class":75},[53,137497,72],{"class":71},[53,137499,81],{"class":67},[53,137501,84],{"class":71},[53,137503,57485],{"class":75},[53,137505,72],{"class":71},[53,137507,81],{"class":67},[53,137509,279],{"class":273},[53,137511,125],{"class":67},[53,137513,137514],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137515,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137517,137518,137520,137522,137524],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137519,132],{"class":131},[53,137521,116],{"class":67},[53,137523,1617],{"class":112},[53,137525,125],{"class":67},[20,137527,772],{},[44,137529,137531],{"className":46,"code":137530,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137532,137533],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137534,137535],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137536,137530],{"class":59},[20,137538,137539],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137541,137542,137543,37],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[464,137544,127323],{"href":123767},[39,137546,137548],{"id":137547},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137550,137551,137553],{},[15,137552,123770],{}," can also change single characters.",[599,137555,137557],{"id":137556},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[44,137559,137561],{"className":46,"code":137560,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137562,137563,137575,137605,137609],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137564,137565,137567,137569,137571,137573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137566,34042],{"class":59},[53,137568,64],{"class":63},[53,137570,84],{"class":71},[53,137572,365],{"class":75},[53,137574,2715],{"class":71},[53,137576,137577,137579,137581,137583,137585,137587,137589,137591,137593,137595,137597,137599,137601,137603],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137578,1582],{"class":59},[53,137580,64],{"class":63},[53,137582,42197],{"class":59},[53,137584,37],{"class":67},[53,137586,34353],{"class":112},[53,137588,116],{"class":67},[53,137590,72],{"class":71},[53,137592,464],{"class":75},[53,137594,72],{"class":71},[53,137596,81],{"class":67},[53,137598,84],{"class":71},[53,137600,59832],{"class":75},[53,137602,72],{"class":71},[53,137604,125],{"class":67},[53,137606,137607],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137608,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137610,137611,137613,137615,137617],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137612,132],{"class":131},[53,137614,116],{"class":67},[53,137616,1617],{"class":112},[53,137618,125],{"class":67},[20,137620,772],{},[44,137622,137624],{"className":46,"code":137623,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"bonono\n",[15,137625,137626],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137627,137628],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137629,137623],{"class":59},[599,137631,137633],{"id":137632},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137635,137636],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[44,137638,137640],{"className":46,"code":137639,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137641,137642,137655,137679,137683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137643,137644,137646,137648,137650,137653],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137645,34042],{"class":59},[53,137647,64],{"class":63},[53,137649,84],{"class":71},[53,137651,137652],{"class":75},"a b c",[53,137654,2715],{"class":71},[53,137656,137657,137659,137661,137663,137665,137667,137669,137671,137673,137675,137677],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137658,1582],{"class":59},[53,137660,64],{"class":63},[53,137662,42197],{"class":59},[53,137664,37],{"class":67},[53,137666,34353],{"class":112},[53,137668,116],{"class":67},[53,137670,72],{"class":71},[53,137672,84],{"class":71},[53,137674,81],{"class":67},[53,137676,5488],{"class":71},[53,137678,125],{"class":67},[53,137680,137681],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137682,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137684,137685,137687,137689,137691],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137686,132],{"class":131},[53,137688,116],{"class":67},[53,137690,1617],{"class":112},[53,137692,125],{"class":67},[20,137694,772],{},[44,137696,137698],{"className":46,"code":137697,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"abc\n",[15,137699,137700],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137701,137702],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137703,137697],{"class":59},[20,137705,137706],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,137708,137709,137710,137714,137715,137719],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[464,137711,125599,137712,830],{"href":128286},[15,137713,59890],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[464,137716,125599,137717,830],{"href":136169},[15,137718,41008],{}," is often a better choice.",[39,137721,123246],{"id":123245},[20,137723,137724,123057],{},[15,137725,123770],{},[20,137727,126644,137728,594,137730,126651],{},[15,137729,112283],{},[15,137731,137732],{},"\"Cat\"",[44,137734,137736],{"className":46,"code":137735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137737,137738,137751,137781,137785],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137739,137740,137742,137744,137746,137749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137741,34042],{"class":59},[53,137743,64],{"class":63},[53,137745,84],{"class":71},[53,137747,137748],{"class":75},"Cat cat CAT",[53,137750,2715],{"class":71},[53,137752,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773,137775,137777,137779],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137754,1582],{"class":59},[53,137756,64],{"class":63},[53,137758,42197],{"class":59},[53,137760,37],{"class":67},[53,137762,34353],{"class":112},[53,137764,116],{"class":67},[53,137766,72],{"class":71},[53,137768,36400],{"class":75},[53,137770,72],{"class":71},[53,137772,81],{"class":67},[53,137774,84],{"class":71},[53,137776,57485],{"class":75},[53,137778,72],{"class":71},[53,137780,125],{"class":67},[53,137782,137783],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137784,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137786,137787,137789,137791,137793],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137788,132],{"class":131},[53,137790,116],{"class":67},[53,137792,1617],{"class":112},[53,137794,125],{"class":67},[20,137796,772],{},[44,137798,137800],{"className":46,"code":137799,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,137801,137802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137803,137804,137807],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137805,137806],{"class":59},"Cat dog ",[53,137808,137809],{"class":33807},"CAT\n",[20,137811,137812,137813,137815],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,137814,112283],{}," was replaced.",[20,137817,137818],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,137820,137821,137822,37],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[464,137823,125599,137824,830],{"href":123326},[15,137825,123329],{},[39,137827,183,137829,11070],{"id":137828},"what-replace-returns",[15,137830,123770],{},[20,137832,137833,137835],{},[15,137834,123770],{}," returns a new string.",[20,137837,137838],{},"If no match is found:",[193,137840,137841,137844],{},[196,137842,137843],{},"no error happens",[196,137845,137846],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,137848,1559],{},[44,137850,137852],{"className":46,"code":137851,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137853,137854,137866,137896,137900],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137855,137856,137858,137860,137862,137864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137857,34042],{"class":59},[53,137859,64],{"class":63},[53,137861,84],{"class":71},[53,137863,3206],{"class":75},[53,137865,2715],{"class":71},[53,137867,137868,137870,137872,137874,137876,137878,137880,137882,137884,137886,137888,137890,137892,137894],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137869,1582],{"class":59},[53,137871,64],{"class":63},[53,137873,42197],{"class":59},[53,137875,37],{"class":67},[53,137877,34353],{"class":112},[53,137879,116],{"class":67},[53,137881,72],{"class":71},[53,137883,1524],{"class":75},[53,137885,72],{"class":71},[53,137887,81],{"class":67},[53,137889,84],{"class":71},[53,137891,11110],{"class":75},[53,137893,72],{"class":71},[53,137895,125],{"class":67},[53,137897,137898],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,137899,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,137901,137902,137904,137906,137908],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,137903,132],{"class":131},[53,137905,116],{"class":67},[53,137907,1617],{"class":112},[53,137909,125],{"class":67},[20,137911,772],{},[44,137913,137915],{"className":46,"code":137914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello\n",[15,137916,137917],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137918,137919],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137920,137914],{"class":59},[20,137922,137923],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[44,137925,137927],{"className":46,"code":137926,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137928,137929,137941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137930,137931,137933,137935,137937,137939],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137932,34042],{"class":59},[53,137934,64],{"class":63},[53,137936,84],{"class":71},[53,137938,59765],{"class":75},[53,137940,2715],{"class":71},[53,137942,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965,137967,137969],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137944,129438],{"class":59},[53,137946,64],{"class":63},[53,137948,42197],{"class":59},[53,137950,37],{"class":67},[53,137952,34353],{"class":112},[53,137954,116],{"class":67},[53,137956,72],{"class":71},[53,137958,59950],{"class":75},[53,137960,72],{"class":71},[53,137962,81],{"class":67},[53,137964,84],{"class":71},[53,137966,6660],{"class":75},[53,137968,72],{"class":71},[53,137970,125],{"class":67},[20,137972,137973],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[44,137975,137977],{"className":46,"code":137976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,137978,137979,137991],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,137980,137981,137983,137985,137987,137989],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,137982,34042],{"class":59},[53,137984,64],{"class":63},[53,137986,84],{"class":71},[53,137988,59765],{"class":75},[53,137990,2715],{"class":71},[53,137992,137993,137995,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017,138019],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,137994,34042],{"class":59},[53,137996,64],{"class":63},[53,137998,42197],{"class":59},[53,138000,37],{"class":67},[53,138002,34353],{"class":112},[53,138004,116],{"class":67},[53,138006,72],{"class":71},[53,138008,59950],{"class":75},[53,138010,72],{"class":71},[53,138012,81],{"class":67},[53,138014,84],{"class":71},[53,138016,6660],{"class":75},[53,138018,72],{"class":71},[53,138020,125],{"class":67},[39,138022,834],{"id":833},[20,138024,138025,138026,191],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138027,123770],{},[193,138029,138030,138033,138037,138040],{},[196,138031,138032],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[196,138034,838,138035,130819],{},[15,138036,123770],{},[196,138038,138039],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[196,138041,1151,138042,138044],{},[15,138043,123770],{}," with regex-based replacements",[599,138046,138048,138049,138051],{"id":138047},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138050,123770],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138053,138054,138055,191],{},"This does not update ",[15,138056,34063],{},[44,138058,138060],{"className":46,"code":138059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138061,138062,138074,138100],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138063,138064,138066,138068,138070,138072],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138065,34042],{"class":59},[53,138067,64],{"class":63},[53,138069,84],{"class":71},[53,138071,137085],{"class":75},[53,138073,2715],{"class":71},[53,138075,138076,138078,138080,138082,138084,138086,138088,138090,138092,138094,138096,138098],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138077,34063],{"class":59},[53,138079,37],{"class":67},[53,138081,34353],{"class":112},[53,138083,116],{"class":67},[53,138085,72],{"class":71},[53,138087,137106],{"class":75},[53,138089,72],{"class":71},[53,138091,81],{"class":67},[53,138093,84],{"class":71},[53,138095,137115],{"class":75},[53,138097,72],{"class":71},[53,138099,125],{"class":67},[53,138101,138102,138104,138106,138108],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,138103,132],{"class":131},[53,138105,116],{"class":67},[53,138107,34063],{"class":112},[53,138109,125],{"class":67},[20,138111,772],{},[44,138113,138114],{"className":46,"code":137333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138115,138116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138117,138118],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138119,137333],{"class":59},[20,138121,10174],{},[44,138123,138125],{"className":46,"code":138124,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138126,138127,138139,138169],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138128,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138130,34042],{"class":59},[53,138132,64],{"class":63},[53,138134,84],{"class":71},[53,138136,137085],{"class":75},[53,138138,2715],{"class":71},[53,138140,138141,138143,138145,138147,138149,138151,138153,138155,138157,138159,138161,138163,138165,138167],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138142,34042],{"class":59},[53,138144,64],{"class":63},[53,138146,42197],{"class":59},[53,138148,37],{"class":67},[53,138150,34353],{"class":112},[53,138152,116],{"class":67},[53,138154,72],{"class":71},[53,138156,137106],{"class":75},[53,138158,72],{"class":71},[53,138160,81],{"class":67},[53,138162,84],{"class":71},[53,138164,137115],{"class":75},[53,138166,72],{"class":71},[53,138168,125],{"class":67},[53,138170,138171,138173,138175,138177],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,138172,132],{"class":131},[53,138174,116],{"class":67},[53,138176,34063],{"class":112},[53,138178,125],{"class":67},[20,138180,772],{},[44,138182,138183],{"className":46,"code":137134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138184,138185],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138186,138187],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138188,137134],{"class":59},[599,138190,138192],{"id":138191},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[44,138194,138196],{"className":46,"code":138195,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138197,138198,138210],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138199,138200,138202,138204,138206,138208],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138201,34042],{"class":59},[53,138203,64],{"class":63},[53,138205,84],{"class":71},[53,138207,34221],{"class":75},[53,138209,2715],{"class":71},[53,138211,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138213,132],{"class":131},[53,138215,116],{"class":67},[53,138217,34063],{"class":112},[53,138219,37],{"class":67},[53,138221,34353],{"class":112},[53,138223,116],{"class":67},[53,138225,72],{"class":71},[53,138227,3206],{"class":75},[53,138229,72],{"class":71},[53,138231,81],{"class":67},[53,138233,84],{"class":71},[53,138235,89295],{"class":75},[53,138237,72],{"class":71},[53,138239,1377],{"class":67},[20,138241,772],{},[44,138243,138244],{"className":46,"code":88308,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,138245,138246],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138247,138248],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138249,88308],{"class":59},[20,138251,138252,138253,594,138255,138257],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138254,63894],{},[15,138256,89777],{}," are not the same.",[599,138259,138261],{"id":138260},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[44,138263,138265],{"className":46,"code":138264,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138266,138267,138280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138268,138269,138271,138273,138275,138278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138270,34042],{"class":59},[53,138272,64],{"class":63},[53,138274,84],{"class":71},[53,138276,138277],{"class":75},"red red red",[53,138279,2715],{"class":71},[53,138281,138282,138284,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138283,132],{"class":131},[53,138285,116],{"class":67},[53,138287,34063],{"class":112},[53,138289,37],{"class":67},[53,138291,34353],{"class":112},[53,138293,116],{"class":67},[53,138295,72],{"class":71},[53,138297,76],{"class":75},[53,138299,72],{"class":71},[53,138301,81],{"class":67},[53,138303,84],{"class":71},[53,138305,87],{"class":75},[53,138307,72],{"class":71},[53,138309,1377],{"class":67},[20,138311,772],{},[44,138313,138315],{"className":46,"code":138314,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138316,138317],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138318,138319],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138320,138314],{"class":59},[20,138322,138323,138324,191],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138325,40614],{},[44,138327,138329],{"className":46,"code":138328,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138330,138331,138343],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138334,34042],{"class":59},[53,138336,64],{"class":63},[53,138338,84],{"class":71},[53,138340,138277],{"class":75},[53,138342,2715],{"class":71},[53,138344,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138346,132],{"class":131},[53,138348,116],{"class":67},[53,138350,34063],{"class":112},[53,138352,37],{"class":67},[53,138354,34353],{"class":112},[53,138356,116],{"class":67},[53,138358,72],{"class":71},[53,138360,76],{"class":75},[53,138362,72],{"class":71},[53,138364,81],{"class":67},[53,138366,84],{"class":71},[53,138368,87],{"class":75},[53,138370,72],{"class":71},[53,138372,81],{"class":67},[53,138374,4858],{"class":273},[53,138376,1377],{"class":67},[20,138378,772],{},[44,138380,138382],{"className":46,"code":138381,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"blue red red\n",[15,138383,138384],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138385,138386],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138387,138381],{"class":59},[599,138389,138391,138392,138394],{"id":138390},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138393,123770],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138396,138397],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[193,138399,138400,138407,138414],{},[196,138401,174,138402,138406],{},[464,138403,138404],{"href":128286},[15,138405,59890],{}," to break a string into a list",[196,138408,174,138409,138413],{},[464,138410,138411],{"href":136169},[15,138412,41008],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[196,138415,174,138416,138418],{},[15,138417,123770],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[39,138420,1187],{"id":1186},[599,138422,1191,138424,123926],{"id":138423},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138425,123770],{},[20,138427,138428],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[599,138430,138432],{"id":138431},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138434,138435],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[599,138437,138439],{"id":138438},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138441,138442],{},"Use the third argument:",[44,138444,138446],{"className":46,"code":138445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138447,138448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138449,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460,138462,138464,138466,138468],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138451,34063],{"class":59},[53,138453,37],{"class":67},[53,138455,34353],{"class":112},[53,138457,116],{"class":67},[53,138459,137196],{"class":112},[53,138461,81],{"class":67},[53,138463,137201],{"class":112},[53,138465,81],{"class":67},[53,138467,4858],{"class":273},[53,138469,125],{"class":67},[599,138471,1234,138473,138475],{"id":138472},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138474,123770],{}," remove text?",[20,138477,138478],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[44,138480,138482],{"className":46,"code":138481,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138483,138484],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138485,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138487,34063],{"class":59},[53,138489,37],{"class":67},[53,138491,34353],{"class":112},[53,138493,116],{"class":67},[53,138495,72],{"class":71},[53,138497,1524],{"class":75},[53,138499,72],{"class":71},[53,138501,81],{"class":67},[53,138503,5488],{"class":71},[53,138505,125],{"class":67},[599,138507,14263,138509,123935],{"id":138508},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138510,123770],{},[20,138512,129128],{},[39,138514,1244],{"id":1243},[193,138516,138517,138521,138527,138533,138539],{},[196,138518,138519],{},[464,138520,124005],{"href":123767},[196,138522,138523],{},[464,138524,125599,138525,830],{"href":128286},[15,138526,59890],{},[196,138528,138529],{},[464,138530,125599,138531,830],{"href":136169},[15,138532,41008],{},[196,138534,138535],{},[464,138536,125599,138537,830],{"href":123326},[15,138538,123329],{},[196,138540,138541],{},[464,138542,124354],{"href":50334},[1276,138544,138545],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":138547},[138548,138549,138551,138554,138555,138559,138563,138564,138566,138574,138584],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":137149,"depth":104,"text":138550},"What replace() does",{"id":4790,"depth":104,"text":4791,"children":138552},[138553],{"id":16753,"depth":128,"text":16754},{"id":5147,"depth":104,"text":5148},{"id":137364,"depth":104,"text":137365,"children":138556},[138557,138558],{"id":137378,"depth":128,"text":137379},{"id":137459,"depth":128,"text":137460},{"id":137547,"depth":104,"text":137548,"children":138560},[138561,138562],{"id":137556,"depth":128,"text":137557},{"id":137632,"depth":128,"text":137633},{"id":123245,"depth":104,"text":123246},{"id":137828,"depth":104,"text":138565},"What replace() returns",{"id":833,"depth":104,"text":834,"children":138567},[138568,138570,138571,138572],{"id":138047,"depth":128,"text":138569},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138191,"depth":128,"text":138192},{"id":138260,"depth":128,"text":138261},{"id":138390,"depth":128,"text":138573},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":138575},[138576,138578,138579,138580,138582],{"id":138423,"depth":128,"text":138577},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138431,"depth":128,"text":138432},{"id":138438,"depth":128,"text":138439},{"id":138472,"depth":128,"text":138581},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138508,"depth":128,"text":138583},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137034,"description":138585},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138592,"title":138593,"body":138594,"description":140613,"extension":1312,"meta":140614,"navigation":383,"path":140615,"seo":140616,"stem":140617,"__hash__":140618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138595,"toc":140577},[138596,138601,138606,138609,138620,138622,138677,138682,138687,138694,138696,138711,138713,138769,138771,138809,138814,138816,138840,138843,138856,138861,138863,138895,138897,138930,138936,138941,138944,138954,138957,138959,139015,139017,139067,139070,139078,139081,139137,139139,139212,139225,139233,139237,139248,139251,139254,139307,139309,139341,139344,139398,139400,139435,139438,139443,139448,139453,139456,139458,139516,139518,139552,139554,139569,139572,139574,139616,139618,139644,139649,139657,139660,139662,139744,139746,139797,139800,139811,139819,139821,139894,139896,139914,139918,139921,139925,139952,139954,139962,139966,140001,140003,140016,140020,140023,140062,140064,140081,140086,140091,140102,140105,140116,140118,140120,140146,140149,140198,140200,140217,140220,140222,140274,140276,140308,140311,140369,140374,140376,140381,140484,140486,140500,140502,140509,140514,140519,140524,140529,140534,140537,140541,140546,140548,140574],[10,138597,122599,138599,18],{"id":138598},"python-string-split-method",[15,138600,59890],{},[20,138602,122604,138603,138605],{},[15,138604,59890],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138607,138608],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[193,138610,138611,138614,138617],{},[196,138612,138613],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[196,138615,138616],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[196,138618,138619],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[39,138621,42],{"id":41},[44,138623,138625],{"className":46,"code":138624,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138626,138627,138640,138662,138672],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138628,138629,138631,138633,138635,138638],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138630,34042],{"class":59},[53,138632,64],{"class":63},[53,138634,84],{"class":71},[53,138636,138637],{"class":75},"apple,banana,cherry",[53,138639,2715],{"class":71},[53,138641,138642,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138643,42192],{"class":59},[53,138645,64],{"class":63},[53,138647,42197],{"class":59},[53,138649,37],{"class":67},[53,138651,33823],{"class":112},[53,138653,116],{"class":67},[53,138655,72],{"class":71},[53,138657,81],{"class":75},[53,138659,72],{"class":71},[53,138661,125],{"class":67},[53,138663,138664,138666,138668,138670],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,138665,132],{"class":131},[53,138667,116],{"class":67},[53,138669,42224],{"class":112},[53,138671,125],{"class":67},[53,138673,138674],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,138675,138676],{"class":3024},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,138678,174,138679,138681],{},[15,138680,59890],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[39,138683,183,138685,186],{"id":138684},"what-split-does",[15,138686,59890],{},[20,138688,138689,131647,138691,37],{},[15,138690,59890],{},[30,138692,138693],{},"string method",[20,138695,48285],{},[193,138697,138698,138701,138706],{},[196,138699,138700],{},"divides a string into parts",[196,138702,118901,138703],{},[30,138704,138705],{},"new list of strings",[196,138707,118907,138708,138710],{},[30,138709,461],{}," change the original string",[20,138712,1559],{},[44,138714,138716],{"className":46,"code":138715,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138717,138718,138731,138745,138749,138759],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138719,138720,138722,138724,138726,138729],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138721,34042],{"class":59},[53,138723,64],{"class":63},[53,138725,84],{"class":71},[53,138727,138728],{"class":75},"red blue green",[53,138730,2715],{"class":71},[53,138732,138733,138735,138737,138739,138741,138743],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138734,42192],{"class":59},[53,138736,64],{"class":63},[53,138738,42197],{"class":59},[53,138740,37],{"class":67},[53,138742,33823],{"class":112},[53,138744,8011],{"class":67},[53,138746,138747],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,138748,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,138750,138751,138753,138755,138757],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,138752,132],{"class":131},[53,138754,116],{"class":67},[53,138756,34063],{"class":112},[53,138758,125],{"class":67},[53,138760,138761,138763,138765,138767],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,138762,132],{"class":131},[53,138764,116],{"class":67},[53,138766,42224],{"class":112},[53,138768,125],{"class":67},[20,138770,772],{},[44,138772,138774],{"className":46,"code":138773,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,138775,138776,138781],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138777,138778],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138779,138780],{"class":59},"red blue green\n",[53,138782,138783,138785,138787,138789,138791,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138784,3260],{"class":67},[53,138786,156],{"class":71},[53,138788,76],{"class":75},[53,138790,156],{"class":71},[53,138792,81],{"class":67},[53,138794,165],{"class":71},[53,138796,87],{"class":75},[53,138798,156],{"class":71},[53,138800,81],{"class":67},[53,138802,165],{"class":71},[53,138804,96],{"class":75},[53,138806,156],{"class":71},[53,138808,2995],{"class":67},[20,138810,138811,138812,37],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[464,138813,124354],{"href":50334},[39,138815,217],{"id":216},[44,138817,138819],{"className":46,"code":138818,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,138820,138821],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138822,138823,138825,138827,138829,138831,138833,138835,138838],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138824,60533],{"class":59},[53,138826,37],{"class":67},[53,138828,33823],{"class":112},[53,138830,116],{"class":67},[53,138832,133003],{"class":112},[53,138834,81],{"class":67},[53,138836,138837],{"class":112}," maxsplit",[53,138839,125],{"class":67},[20,138841,138842],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[193,138844,138845,138850],{},[196,138846,138847,138849],{},[15,138848,133003],{}," tells Python where to split",[196,138851,138852,138855],{},[15,138853,138854],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,138857,8243,138858,138860],{},[15,138859,133003],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138862,1559],{},[44,138864,138866],{"className":46,"code":138865,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,138867,138868,138881],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138869,138870,138872,138874,138876,138879],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138871,34042],{"class":59},[53,138873,64],{"class":63},[53,138875,84],{"class":71},[53,138877,138878],{"class":75},"one two three",[53,138880,2715],{"class":71},[53,138882,138883,138885,138887,138889,138891,138893],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138884,132],{"class":131},[53,138886,116],{"class":67},[53,138888,34063],{"class":112},[53,138890,37],{"class":67},[53,138892,33823],{"class":112},[53,138894,6557],{"class":67},[20,138896,772],{},[44,138898,138900],{"className":46,"code":138899,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,138901,138902],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138903,138904,138906,138908,138910,138912,138914,138916,138918,138920,138922,138924,138926,138928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138905,3260],{"class":67},[53,138907,156],{"class":71},[53,138909,5948],{"class":75},[53,138911,156],{"class":71},[53,138913,81],{"class":67},[53,138915,165],{"class":71},[53,138917,78630],{"class":75},[53,138919,156],{"class":71},[53,138921,81],{"class":67},[53,138923,165],{"class":71},[53,138925,133485],{"class":75},[53,138927,156],{"class":71},[53,138929,2995],{"class":67},[39,138931,7785,138933,138935],{"id":138932},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,138934,59890],{}," with no separator",[20,138937,69533,138938,138940],{},[15,138939,59890],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,138942,138943],{},"Whitespace includes:",[193,138945,138946,138948,138951],{},[196,138947,9819],{},[196,138949,138950],{},"tabs",[196,138952,138953],{},"new lines",[20,138955,138956],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,138958,1559],{},[44,138960,138962],{"className":46,"code":138961,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,138963,138964,138987,139001,139005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,138965,138966,138968,138970,138972,138975,138978,138980,138982,138985],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,138967,34042],{"class":59},[53,138969,64],{"class":63},[53,138971,84],{"class":71},[53,138973,138974],{"class":75},"Python   is",[53,138976,138977],{"class":33807},"\\t",[53,138979,132739],{"class":75},[53,138981,86512],{"class":33807},[53,138983,138984],{"class":75},"and useful",[53,138986,2715],{"class":71},[53,138988,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,138990,42192],{"class":59},[53,138992,64],{"class":63},[53,138994,42197],{"class":59},[53,138996,37],{"class":67},[53,138998,33823],{"class":112},[53,139000,8011],{"class":67},[53,139002,139003],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139004,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139006,139007,139009,139011,139013],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139008,132],{"class":131},[53,139010,116],{"class":67},[53,139012,42224],{"class":112},[53,139014,125],{"class":67},[20,139016,772],{},[44,139018,139020],{"className":46,"code":139019,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139021,139022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139023,139024,139026,139028,139030,139032,139034,139036,139038,139040,139042,139044,139046,139048,139050,139052,139054,139056,139058,139060,139063,139065],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139025,3260],{"class":67},[53,139027,156],{"class":71},[53,139029,6660],{"class":75},[53,139031,156],{"class":71},[53,139033,81],{"class":67},[53,139035,165],{"class":71},[53,139037,11558],{"class":75},[53,139039,156],{"class":71},[53,139041,81],{"class":67},[53,139043,165],{"class":71},[53,139045,132739],{"class":75},[53,139047,156],{"class":71},[53,139049,81],{"class":67},[53,139051,165],{"class":71},[53,139053,129364],{"class":75},[53,139055,156],{"class":71},[53,139057,81],{"class":67},[53,139059,165],{"class":71},[53,139061,139062],{"class":75},"useful",[53,139064,156],{"class":71},[53,139066,2995],{"class":67},[20,139068,139069],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[599,139071,139073,9952,139075],{"id":139072},"split-vs-split",[15,139074,59890],{},[15,139076,139077],{},"split(' ')",[20,139079,139080],{},"These are not the same.",[44,139082,139084],{"className":46,"code":139083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139085,139086,139099,139103,139117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139087,139088,139090,139092,139094,139097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139089,34042],{"class":59},[53,139091,64],{"class":63},[53,139093,84],{"class":71},[53,139095,139096],{"class":75},"a  b   c",[53,139098,2715],{"class":71},[53,139100,139101],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139102,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139104,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139106,132],{"class":131},[53,139108,116],{"class":67},[53,139110,34063],{"class":112},[53,139112,37],{"class":67},[53,139114,33823],{"class":112},[53,139116,6557],{"class":67},[53,139118,139119,139121,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139120,132],{"class":131},[53,139122,116],{"class":67},[53,139124,34063],{"class":112},[53,139126,37],{"class":67},[53,139128,33823],{"class":112},[53,139130,116],{"class":67},[53,139132,72],{"class":71},[53,139134,84],{"class":71},[53,139136,1377],{"class":67},[20,139138,772],{},[44,139140,139142],{"className":46,"code":139141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139143,139144,139172],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139145,139146,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156,139158,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139147,3260],{"class":67},[53,139149,156],{"class":71},[53,139151,464],{"class":75},[53,139153,156],{"class":71},[53,139155,81],{"class":67},[53,139157,165],{"class":71},[53,139159,637],{"class":75},[53,139161,156],{"class":71},[53,139163,81],{"class":67},[53,139165,165],{"class":71},[53,139167,646],{"class":75},[53,139169,156],{"class":71},[53,139171,2995],{"class":67},[53,139173,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190,139192,139194,139196,139198,139200,139202,139204,139206,139208,139210],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139175,3260],{"class":67},[53,139177,156],{"class":71},[53,139179,464],{"class":75},[53,139181,156],{"class":71},[53,139183,81],{"class":67},[53,139185,3199],{"class":71},[53,139187,81],{"class":67},[53,139189,165],{"class":71},[53,139191,637],{"class":75},[53,139193,156],{"class":71},[53,139195,81],{"class":67},[53,139197,3199],{"class":71},[53,139199,81],{"class":67},[53,139201,3199],{"class":71},[53,139203,81],{"class":67},[53,139205,165],{"class":71},[53,139207,646],{"class":75},[53,139209,156],{"class":71},[53,139211,2995],{"class":67},[193,139213,139214,139219],{},[196,139215,139216,139218],{},[15,139217,59890],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[196,139220,139221,139224],{},[15,139222,139223],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139226,139227,139228,139232],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[464,139229,125599,139230,830],{"href":136169},[15,139231,41008],{}," is often useful.",[39,139234,139236],{"id":139235},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139238,139239,139240,1540,139243,1544,139245,37],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139241,139242],{},"\",\"",[15,139244,132838],{},[15,139246,139247],{},"\"::\"",[20,139249,139250],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139252,139253],{},"Example with commas:",[44,139255,139257],{"className":46,"code":139256,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139258,139259,139271,139293,139297],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139260,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139262,34042],{"class":59},[53,139264,64],{"class":63},[53,139266,84],{"class":71},[53,139268,138637],{"class":75},[53,139270,2715],{"class":71},[53,139272,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283,139285,139287,139289,139291],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139274,42192],{"class":59},[53,139276,64],{"class":63},[53,139278,42197],{"class":59},[53,139280,37],{"class":67},[53,139282,33823],{"class":112},[53,139284,116],{"class":67},[53,139286,72],{"class":71},[53,139288,81],{"class":75},[53,139290,72],{"class":71},[53,139292,125],{"class":67},[53,139294,139295],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139296,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139298,139299,139301,139303,139305],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139300,132],{"class":131},[53,139302,116],{"class":67},[53,139304,42224],{"class":112},[53,139306,125],{"class":67},[20,139308,772],{},[44,139310,139311],{"className":46,"code":77809,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,139312,139313],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139314,139315,139317,139319,139321,139323,139325,139327,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139316,3260],{"class":67},[53,139318,156],{"class":71},[53,139320,356],{"class":75},[53,139322,156],{"class":71},[53,139324,81],{"class":67},[53,139326,165],{"class":71},[53,139328,365],{"class":75},[53,139330,156],{"class":71},[53,139332,81],{"class":67},[53,139334,165],{"class":71},[53,139336,3456],{"class":75},[53,139338,156],{"class":71},[53,139340,2995],{"class":67},[20,139342,139343],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[44,139345,139347],{"className":46,"code":139346,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139348,139349,139362,139384,139388],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139350,139351,139353,139355,139357,139360],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139352,34042],{"class":59},[53,139354,64],{"class":63},[53,139356,84],{"class":71},[53,139358,139359],{"class":75},"2024::10::31",[53,139361,2715],{"class":71},[53,139363,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139365,42192],{"class":59},[53,139367,64],{"class":63},[53,139369,42197],{"class":59},[53,139371,37],{"class":67},[53,139373,33823],{"class":112},[53,139375,116],{"class":67},[53,139377,72],{"class":71},[53,139379,76026],{"class":75},[53,139381,72],{"class":71},[53,139383,125],{"class":67},[53,139385,139386],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139387,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139389,139390,139392,139394,139396],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139391,132],{"class":131},[53,139393,116],{"class":67},[53,139395,42224],{"class":112},[53,139397,125],{"class":67},[20,139399,772],{},[44,139401,139403],{"className":46,"code":139402,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139404,139405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139406,139407,139409,139411,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139424,139426,139428,139431,139433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139408,3260],{"class":67},[53,139410,156],{"class":71},[53,139412,139413],{"class":75},"2024",[53,139415,156],{"class":71},[53,139417,81],{"class":67},[53,139419,165],{"class":71},[53,139421,1684],{"class":75},[53,139423,156],{"class":71},[53,139425,81],{"class":67},[53,139427,165],{"class":71},[53,139429,139430],{"class":75},"31",[53,139432,156],{"class":71},[53,139434,2995],{"class":67},[20,139436,139437],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139439,139440,139441,37],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[464,139442,128283],{"href":128282},[39,139444,7785,139446],{"id":139445},"using-maxsplit",[15,139447,138854],{},[20,139449,139450,139452],{},[15,139451,138854],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139454,139455],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139457,1559],{},[44,139459,139461],{"className":46,"code":139460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139462,139463,139476,139502,139506],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139464,139465,139467,139469,139471,139474],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139466,34042],{"class":59},[53,139468,64],{"class":63},[53,139470,84],{"class":71},[53,139472,139473],{"class":75},"name:age:city:country",[53,139475,2715],{"class":71},[53,139477,139478,139480,139482,139484,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139479,42192],{"class":59},[53,139481,64],{"class":63},[53,139483,42197],{"class":59},[53,139485,37],{"class":67},[53,139487,33823],{"class":112},[53,139489,116],{"class":67},[53,139491,72],{"class":71},[53,139493,191],{"class":75},[53,139495,72],{"class":71},[53,139497,81],{"class":67},[53,139499,279],{"class":273},[53,139501,125],{"class":67},[53,139503,139504],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139505,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139507,139508,139510,139512,139514],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139509,132],{"class":131},[53,139511,116],{"class":67},[53,139513,42224],{"class":112},[53,139515,125],{"class":67},[20,139517,772],{},[44,139519,139521],{"className":46,"code":139520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139522,139523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139524,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139548,139550],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139526,3260],{"class":67},[53,139528,156],{"class":71},[53,139530,7032],{"class":75},[53,139532,156],{"class":71},[53,139534,81],{"class":67},[53,139536,165],{"class":71},[53,139538,8667],{"class":75},[53,139540,156],{"class":71},[53,139542,81],{"class":67},[53,139544,165],{"class":71},[53,139546,139547],{"class":75},"city:country",[53,139549,156],{"class":71},[53,139551,2995],{"class":67},[20,139553,1529],{},[193,139555,139556,139561,139566],{},[196,139557,139558,139559],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139560,191],{},[196,139562,139563,139564],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139565,191],{},[196,139567,139568],{},"then stops",[20,139570,139571],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139573,51439],{},[44,139575,139577],{"className":46,"code":139576,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139578,139579,139592],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139580,139581,139583,139585,139587,139590],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139582,34042],{"class":59},[53,139584,64],{"class":63},[53,139586,84],{"class":71},[53,139588,139589],{"class":75},"apple banana cherry grape",[53,139591,2715],{"class":71},[53,139593,139594,139596,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139595,132],{"class":131},[53,139597,116],{"class":67},[53,139599,34063],{"class":112},[53,139601,37],{"class":67},[53,139603,33823],{"class":112},[53,139605,116],{"class":67},[53,139607,72],{"class":71},[53,139609,84],{"class":71},[53,139611,81],{"class":67},[53,139613,4858],{"class":273},[53,139615,1377],{"class":67},[20,139617,772],{},[44,139619,139621],{"className":46,"code":139620,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139622,139623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139624,139625,139627,139629,139631,139633,139635,139637,139640,139642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139626,3260],{"class":67},[53,139628,156],{"class":71},[53,139630,356],{"class":75},[53,139632,156],{"class":71},[53,139634,81],{"class":67},[53,139636,165],{"class":71},[53,139638,139639],{"class":75},"banana cherry grape",[53,139641,156],{"class":71},[53,139643,2995],{"class":67},[39,139645,183,139647,11070],{"id":139646},"what-split-returns",[15,139648,59890],{},[20,139650,139651,139652,139654,139655,37],{},"The result of ",[15,139653,59890],{}," is always a ",[30,139656,7460],{},[20,139658,139659],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,139661,1559],{},[44,139663,139665],{"className":46,"code":139664,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,139666,139667,139680,139702,139706,139716,139730],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139668,139669,139671,139673,139675,139678],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139670,34042],{"class":59},[53,139672,64],{"class":63},[53,139674,84],{"class":71},[53,139676,139677],{"class":75},"cat,dog,bird",[53,139679,2715],{"class":71},[53,139681,139682,139684,139686,139688,139690,139692,139694,139696,139698,139700],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139683,42192],{"class":59},[53,139685,64],{"class":63},[53,139687,42197],{"class":59},[53,139689,37],{"class":67},[53,139691,33823],{"class":112},[53,139693,116],{"class":67},[53,139695,72],{"class":71},[53,139697,81],{"class":75},[53,139699,72],{"class":71},[53,139701,125],{"class":67},[53,139703,139704],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139705,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139707,139708,139710,139712,139714],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139709,132],{"class":131},[53,139711,116],{"class":67},[53,139713,42224],{"class":112},[53,139715,125],{"class":67},[53,139717,139718,139720,139722,139724,139726,139728],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,139719,132],{"class":131},[53,139721,116],{"class":67},[53,139723,2578],{"class":550},[53,139725,116],{"class":67},[53,139727,42224],{"class":112},[53,139729,1377],{"class":67},[53,139731,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,139733,132],{"class":131},[53,139735,116],{"class":67},[53,139737,42224],{"class":112},[53,139739,3260],{"class":67},[53,139741,1470],{"class":273},[53,139743,3248],{"class":67},[20,139745,772],{},[44,139747,139749],{"className":46,"code":139748,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,139750,139751,139779,139793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139752,139753,139755,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139773,139775,139777],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139754,3260],{"class":67},[53,139756,156],{"class":71},[53,139758,36400],{"class":75},[53,139760,156],{"class":71},[53,139762,81],{"class":67},[53,139764,165],{"class":71},[53,139766,57485],{"class":75},[53,139768,156],{"class":71},[53,139770,81],{"class":67},[53,139772,165],{"class":71},[53,139774,57502],{"class":75},[53,139776,156],{"class":71},[53,139778,2995],{"class":67},[53,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139789,139791],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139782,2647],{"class":63},[53,139784,2650],{"class":1415},[53,139786,165],{"class":71},[53,139788,7460],{"class":75},[53,139790,156],{"class":71},[53,139792,2659],{"class":63},[53,139794,139795],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139796,84828],{"class":59},[20,139798,139799],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[193,139801,139802,139805,139808],{},[196,139803,139804],{},"loop over it",[196,139806,139807],{},"access items by index",[196,139809,139810],{},"combine items again later",[20,139812,139813,139814,37],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[464,139815,125599,139817,830],{"href":139816},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,139818,132681],{},[20,139820,1559],{},[44,139822,139824],{"className":46,"code":139823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,139825,139826,139858,139880,139884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139827,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139829,42192],{"class":59},[53,139831,64],{"class":63},[53,139833,2982],{"class":67},[53,139835,156],{"class":71},[53,139837,36400],{"class":75},[53,139839,156],{"class":71},[53,139841,81],{"class":67},[53,139843,165],{"class":71},[53,139845,57485],{"class":75},[53,139847,156],{"class":71},[53,139849,81],{"class":67},[53,139851,165],{"class":71},[53,139853,57502],{"class":75},[53,139855,156],{"class":71},[53,139857,2995],{"class":67},[53,139859,139860,139862,139864,139866,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139861,34042],{"class":59},[53,139863,64],{"class":63},[53,139865,84],{"class":71},[53,139867,1371],{"class":75},[53,139869,72],{"class":71},[53,139871,37],{"class":67},[53,139873,132758],{"class":112},[53,139875,116],{"class":67},[53,139877,42224],{"class":112},[53,139879,125],{"class":67},[53,139881,139882],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,139883,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,139885,139886,139888,139890,139892],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,139887,132],{"class":131},[53,139889,116],{"class":67},[53,139891,34063],{"class":112},[53,139893,125],{"class":67},[20,139895,772],{},[44,139897,139899],{"className":46,"code":139898,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,139900,139901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139902,139903,139905,139907,139909,139911],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139904,36400],{"class":59},[53,139906,1371],{"class":63},[53,139908,57485],{"class":59},[53,139910,1371],{"class":63},[53,139912,139913],{"class":59},"bird\n",[39,139915,139917],{"id":139916},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,139919,139920],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[599,139922,139924],{"id":139923},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[44,139926,139928],{"className":46,"code":139927,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139929,139930,139938],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139931,139932,139934,139936],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139933,34042],{"class":59},[53,139935,64],{"class":63},[53,139937,7247],{"class":71},[53,139939,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139941,132],{"class":131},[53,139943,116],{"class":67},[53,139945,34063],{"class":112},[53,139947,37],{"class":67},[53,139949,33823],{"class":112},[53,139951,6557],{"class":67},[20,139953,772],{},[44,139955,139956],{"className":46,"code":37650,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,139957,139958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139959,139960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139961,37650],{"class":67},[599,139963,139965],{"id":139964},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[44,139967,139969],{"className":46,"code":139968,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,139970,139971,139979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,139972,139973,139975,139977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,139974,34042],{"class":59},[53,139976,64],{"class":63},[53,139978,7247],{"class":71},[53,139980,139981,139983,139985,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,139982,132],{"class":131},[53,139984,116],{"class":67},[53,139986,34063],{"class":112},[53,139988,37],{"class":67},[53,139990,33823],{"class":112},[53,139992,116],{"class":67},[53,139994,72],{"class":71},[53,139996,81],{"class":75},[53,139998,72],{"class":71},[53,140000,1377],{"class":67},[20,140002,772],{},[44,140004,140006],{"className":46,"code":140005,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['']\n",[15,140007,140008],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140009,140010,140012,140014],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140011,3260],{"class":67},[53,140013,3134],{"class":71},[53,140015,2995],{"class":67},[599,140017,140019],{"id":140018},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140021,140022],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[44,140024,140026],{"className":46,"code":140025,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140027,140028,140040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140029,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140031,34042],{"class":59},[53,140033,64],{"class":63},[53,140035,84],{"class":71},[53,140037,3206],{"class":75},[53,140039,2715],{"class":71},[53,140041,140042,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140043,132],{"class":131},[53,140045,116],{"class":67},[53,140047,34063],{"class":112},[53,140049,37],{"class":67},[53,140051,33823],{"class":112},[53,140053,116],{"class":67},[53,140055,72],{"class":71},[53,140057,81],{"class":75},[53,140059,72],{"class":71},[53,140061,1377],{"class":67},[20,140063,772],{},[44,140065,140067],{"className":46,"code":140066,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"['hello']\n",[15,140068,140069],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140070,140071,140073,140075,140077,140079],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140072,3260],{"class":67},[53,140074,156],{"class":71},[53,140076,3206],{"class":75},[53,140078,156],{"class":71},[53,140080,2995],{"class":67},[39,140082,4319,140084],{"id":140083},"when-to-use-split",[15,140085,59890],{},[20,140087,174,140088,140090],{},[15,140089,59890],{}," when you need to:",[193,140092,140093,140096,140099],{},[196,140094,140095],{},"split a sentence into words",[196,140097,140098],{},"split comma-separated values",[196,140100,140101],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140103,140104],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[193,140106,140107,140110,140113],{},[196,140108,140109],{},"cleaning text",[196,140111,140112],{},"parsing user input",[196,140114,140115],{},"processing simple file content",[39,140117,2185],{"id":2184},[20,140119,83599],{},[193,140121,140122,140126,140132,140135,140143],{},[196,140123,49864,140124,130819],{},[15,140125,59890],{},[196,140127,140128,140129,140131],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140130,59890],{}," returns a list, not a string",[196,140133,140134],{},"using the wrong separator",[196,140136,140137,140138,140140,140141],{},"assuming ",[15,140139,139077],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140142,59890],{},[196,140144,140145],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140147,140148],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[44,140150,140152],{"className":46,"code":140151,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140153,140154,140166,140184,140188],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140155,140156,140158,140160,140162,140164],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140157,34042],{"class":59},[53,140159,64],{"class":63},[53,140161,84],{"class":71},[53,140163,42185],{"class":75},[53,140165,2715],{"class":71},[53,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140169,34063],{"class":59},[53,140171,37],{"class":67},[53,140173,33823],{"class":112},[53,140175,116],{"class":67},[53,140177,72],{"class":71},[53,140179,81],{"class":75},[53,140181,72],{"class":71},[53,140183,125],{"class":67},[53,140185,140186],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140187,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,140189,140190,140192,140194,140196],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140191,132],{"class":131},[53,140193,116],{"class":67},[53,140195,34063],{"class":112},[53,140197,125],{"class":67},[20,140199,772],{},[44,140201,140203],{"className":46,"code":140202,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a,b,c\n",[15,140204,140205],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140206,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140208,464],{"class":59},[53,140210,81],{"class":67},[53,140212,637],{"class":59},[53,140214,81],{"class":67},[53,140216,68605],{"class":59},[20,140218,140219],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140221,10174],{},[44,140223,140224],{"className":46,"code":42172,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140225,140226,140238,140260,140264],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140227,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140229,34042],{"class":59},[53,140231,64],{"class":63},[53,140233,84],{"class":71},[53,140235,42185],{"class":75},[53,140237,2715],{"class":71},[53,140239,140240,140242,140244,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254,140256,140258],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140241,42192],{"class":59},[53,140243,64],{"class":63},[53,140245,42197],{"class":59},[53,140247,37],{"class":67},[53,140249,33823],{"class":112},[53,140251,116],{"class":67},[53,140253,72],{"class":71},[53,140255,81],{"class":75},[53,140257,72],{"class":71},[53,140259,125],{"class":67},[53,140261,140262],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140263,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,140265,140266,140268,140270,140272],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140267,132],{"class":131},[53,140269,116],{"class":67},[53,140271,42224],{"class":112},[53,140273,125],{"class":67},[20,140275,772],{},[44,140277,140278],{"className":46,"code":42231,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,140279,140280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140281,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290,140292,140294,140296,140298,140300,140302,140304,140306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140283,3260],{"class":67},[53,140285,156],{"class":71},[53,140287,464],{"class":75},[53,140289,156],{"class":71},[53,140291,81],{"class":67},[53,140293,165],{"class":71},[53,140295,637],{"class":75},[53,140297,156],{"class":71},[53,140299,81],{"class":67},[53,140301,165],{"class":71},[53,140303,646],{"class":75},[53,140305,156],{"class":71},[53,140307,2995],{"class":67},[20,140309,140310],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[44,140312,140314],{"className":46,"code":140313,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140315,140316,140329,140351,140355],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140317,140318,140320,140322,140324,140327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140319,34042],{"class":59},[53,140321,64],{"class":63},[53,140323,84],{"class":71},[53,140325,140326],{"class":75},"apple,banana",[53,140328,2715],{"class":71},[53,140330,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339,140341,140343,140345,140347,140349],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140332,42192],{"class":59},[53,140334,64],{"class":63},[53,140336,42197],{"class":59},[53,140338,37],{"class":67},[53,140340,33823],{"class":112},[53,140342,116],{"class":67},[53,140344,72],{"class":71},[53,140346,81],{"class":75},[53,140348,72],{"class":71},[53,140350,125],{"class":67},[53,140352,140353],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140354,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,140356,140357,140359,140361,140363,140365,140367],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140358,132],{"class":131},[53,140360,116],{"class":67},[53,140362,42224],{"class":112},[53,140364,3260],{"class":67},[53,140366,300],{"class":273},[53,140368,3248],{"class":67},[20,140370,140371,140372,37],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[464,140373,68618],{"href":68617},[599,140375,60069],{"id":60068},[20,140377,8243,140378,140380],{},[15,140379,59890],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[44,140382,140384],{"className":46,"code":140383,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140385,140386,140396,140410,140432,140458],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140387,140388,140390,140392,140394],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140389,132],{"class":131},[53,140391,116],{"class":67},[53,140393,34063],{"class":112},[53,140395,125],{"class":67},[53,140397,140398,140400,140402,140404,140406,140408],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140399,132],{"class":131},[53,140401,116],{"class":67},[53,140403,34063],{"class":112},[53,140405,37],{"class":67},[53,140407,33823],{"class":112},[53,140409,6557],{"class":67},[53,140411,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422,140424,140426,140428,140430],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140413,132],{"class":131},[53,140415,116],{"class":67},[53,140417,34063],{"class":112},[53,140419,37],{"class":67},[53,140421,33823],{"class":112},[53,140423,116],{"class":67},[53,140425,156],{"class":71},[53,140427,81],{"class":75},[53,140429,156],{"class":71},[53,140431,1377],{"class":67},[53,140433,140434,140436,140438,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140454,140456],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140435,132],{"class":131},[53,140437,116],{"class":67},[53,140439,10528],{"class":131},[53,140441,116],{"class":67},[53,140443,34063],{"class":112},[53,140445,37],{"class":67},[53,140447,33823],{"class":112},[53,140449,116],{"class":67},[53,140451,156],{"class":71},[53,140453,81],{"class":75},[53,140455,156],{"class":71},[53,140457,2267],{"class":67},[53,140459,140460,140462,140464,140466,140468,140470,140472,140474,140476,140478,140480,140482],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,140461,132],{"class":131},[53,140463,116],{"class":67},[53,140465,2578],{"class":550},[53,140467,116],{"class":67},[53,140469,34063],{"class":112},[53,140471,37],{"class":67},[53,140473,33823],{"class":112},[53,140475,116],{"class":67},[53,140477,156],{"class":71},[53,140479,81],{"class":75},[53,140481,156],{"class":71},[53,140483,2267],{"class":67},[20,140485,10537],{},[193,140487,140488,140491,140494,140497],{},[196,140489,140490],{},"what the original string looks like",[196,140492,140493],{},"which separator works",[196,140495,140496],{},"how many items were created",[196,140498,140499],{},"that the result is a list",[39,140501,1187],{"id":1186},[599,140503,4538,140505,594,140507,1222],{"id":140504},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140506,59890],{},[15,140508,139077],{},[20,140510,140511,140513],{},[15,140512,59890],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140515,140516,140518],{},[15,140517,139077],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[599,140520,1191,140522,123926],{"id":140521},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140523,59890],{},[20,140525,140526,140527,55836],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140528,59890],{},[599,140530,4501,140532,39314],{"id":140531},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140533,138854],{},[20,140535,140536],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[599,140538,140540],{"id":140539},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140542,28417,140543,140545],{},[15,140544,59890],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[39,140547,1244],{"id":1243},[193,140549,140550,140554,140560,140566,140570],{},[196,140551,140552],{},[464,140553,129204],{"href":128282},[196,140555,140556],{},[464,140557,125599,140558,830],{"href":139816},[15,140559,132681],{},[196,140561,140562],{},[464,140563,125599,140564,830],{"href":136169},[15,140565,41008],{},[196,140567,140568],{},[464,140569,124354],{"href":50334},[196,140571,140572],{},[464,140573,68618],{"href":68617},[1276,140575,140576],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":140578},[140579,140580,140582,140583,140588,140589,140591,140593,140598,140600,140603,140612],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":138684,"depth":104,"text":140581},"What split() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":138932,"depth":104,"text":140584,"children":140585},"Using split() with no separator",[140586],{"id":139072,"depth":128,"text":140587},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139235,"depth":104,"text":139236},{"id":139445,"depth":104,"text":140590},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139646,"depth":104,"text":140592},"What split() returns",{"id":139916,"depth":104,"text":139917,"children":140594},[140595,140596,140597],{"id":139923,"depth":128,"text":139924},{"id":139964,"depth":128,"text":139965},{"id":140018,"depth":128,"text":140019},{"id":140083,"depth":104,"text":140599},"When to use split()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":140601},[140602],{"id":60068,"depth":128,"text":60069},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":140604},[140605,140607,140609,140611],{"id":140504,"depth":128,"text":140606},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140521,"depth":128,"text":140608},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140531,"depth":128,"text":140610},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140539,"depth":128,"text":140540},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138593,"description":140613},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140620,"title":140621,"body":140622,"description":142565,"extension":1312,"meta":142566,"navigation":383,"path":142567,"seo":142568,"stem":142569,"__hash__":142570},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140623,"toc":142524},[140624,140629,140634,140641,140714,140719,140724,140729,140745,140747,140817,140819,140821,140841,140843,140888,140893,140895,140993,140998,141002,141007,141011,141014,141056,141060,141063,141108,141112,141115,141165,141169,141174,141226,141228,141233,141244,141249,141329,141331,141343,141352,141359,141374,141376,141491,141497,141501,141504,141509,141651,141654,141661,141663,141667,141675,141744,141750,141799,141804,141809,141811,141831,141833,141899,141901,141905,141908,141912,141953,141955,141988,141993,141996,142023,142025,142068,142075,142080,142090,142156,142160,142168,142173,142224,142228,142231,142233,142242,142244,142294,142296,142403,142405,142410,142417,142423,142426,142457,142462,142464,142471,142479,142488,142491,142493,142521],[10,140625,122599,140627,18],{"id":140626},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140628,126967],{},[20,140630,122604,140631,140633],{},[15,140632,126967],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140635,125665,140636,1219,140638,140640],{},[15,140637,2963],{},[15,140639,3035],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[44,140642,140644],{"className":46,"code":140643,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140645,140646,140659,140663,140688],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140647,140648,140650,140652,140654,140657],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140649,34042],{"class":59},[53,140651,64],{"class":63},[53,140653,84],{"class":71},[53,140655,140656],{"class":75},"Python Beginner Help",[53,140658,2715],{"class":71},[53,140660,140661],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140662,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,140664,140665,140667,140669,140671,140673,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140666,132],{"class":131},[53,140668,116],{"class":67},[53,140670,34063],{"class":112},[53,140672,37],{"class":67},[53,140674,140675],{"class":112},"startswith",[53,140677,116],{"class":67},[53,140679,72],{"class":71},[53,140681,6660],{"class":75},[53,140683,72],{"class":71},[53,140685,4721],{"class":67},[53,140687,43211],{"class":3024},[53,140689,140690,140692,140694,140696,140698,140700,140702,140704,140707,140709,140711],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140691,132],{"class":131},[53,140693,116],{"class":67},[53,140695,34063],{"class":112},[53,140697,37],{"class":67},[53,140699,140675],{"class":112},[53,140701,116],{"class":67},[53,140703,72],{"class":71},[53,140705,140706],{"class":75},"Beginner",[53,140708,72],{"class":71},[53,140710,4721],{"class":67},[53,140712,140713],{"class":3024}," # False\n",[20,140715,174,140716,140718],{},[15,140717,126967],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[39,140720,183,140722,186],{"id":140721},"what-startswith-does",[15,140723,126967],{},[20,140725,140726,140728],{},[15,140727,126967],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[193,140730,140731,140734,140740,140742],{},[196,140732,140733],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[196,140735,4507,140736,1219,140738],{},[15,140737,2963],{},[15,140739,3035],{},[196,140741,122742],{},[196,140743,140744],{},"It works only on strings",[20,140746,1559],{},[44,140748,140750],{"className":46,"code":140749,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,140751,140752,140764,140768,140793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140753,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140755,7242],{"class":59},[53,140757,64],{"class":63},[53,140759,84],{"class":71},[53,140761,6660],{"class":75},[53,140763,2715],{"class":71},[53,140765,140766],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140767,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,140769,140770,140772,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140787,140789,140791],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140771,132],{"class":131},[53,140773,116],{"class":67},[53,140775,7032],{"class":112},[53,140777,37],{"class":67},[53,140779,140675],{"class":112},[53,140781,116],{"class":67},[53,140783,72],{"class":71},[53,140785,140786],{"class":75},"Py",[53,140788,72],{"class":71},[53,140790,4721],{"class":67},[53,140792,43211],{"class":3024},[53,140794,140795,140797,140799,140801,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811,140813,140815],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140796,132],{"class":131},[53,140798,116],{"class":67},[53,140800,7032],{"class":112},[53,140802,37],{"class":67},[53,140804,140675],{"class":112},[53,140806,116],{"class":67},[53,140808,72],{"class":71},[53,140810,128045],{"class":75},[53,140812,72],{"class":71},[53,140814,4721],{"class":67},[53,140816,43228],{"class":3024},[39,140818,217],{"id":216},[20,140820,41740],{},[44,140822,140824],{"className":46,"code":140823,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,140825,140826],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140827,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140839],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140829,60533],{"class":59},[53,140831,37],{"class":67},[53,140833,140675],{"class":112},[53,140835,116],{"class":67},[53,140837,140838],{"class":112},"prefix",[53,140840,125],{"class":67},[20,140842,30117],{},[44,140844,140846],{"className":46,"code":140845,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,140847,140848,140866],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140849,140850,140852,140854,140856,140858,140860,140862,140864],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140851,60533],{"class":59},[53,140853,37],{"class":67},[53,140855,140675],{"class":112},[53,140857,116],{"class":67},[53,140859,140838],{"class":112},[53,140861,81],{"class":67},[53,140863,35407],{"class":112},[53,140865,125],{"class":67},[53,140867,140868,140870,140872,140874,140876,140878,140880,140882,140884,140886],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140869,60533],{"class":59},[53,140871,37],{"class":67},[53,140873,140675],{"class":112},[53,140875,116],{"class":67},[53,140877,140838],{"class":112},[53,140879,81],{"class":67},[53,140881,35407],{"class":112},[53,140883,81],{"class":67},[53,140885,64400],{"class":112},[53,140887,125],{"class":67},[20,140889,20127,140890,140892],{},[15,140891,140838],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,140894,1559],{},[44,140896,140898],{"className":46,"code":140897,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,140899,140900,140912,140916,140941,140965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,140901,140902,140904,140906,140908,140910],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,140903,34042],{"class":59},[53,140905,64],{"class":63},[53,140907,84],{"class":71},[53,140909,59765],{"class":75},[53,140911,2715],{"class":71},[53,140913,140914],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,140915,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,140917,140918,140920,140922,140924,140926,140928,140930,140932,140934,140936,140938],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,140919,132],{"class":131},[53,140921,116],{"class":67},[53,140923,34063],{"class":112},[53,140925,37],{"class":67},[53,140927,140675],{"class":112},[53,140929,116],{"class":67},[53,140931,72],{"class":71},[53,140933,3206],{"class":75},[53,140935,72],{"class":71},[53,140937,4721],{"class":67},[53,140939,140940],{"class":3024},"      # True\n",[53,140942,140943,140945,140947,140949,140951,140953,140955,140957,140959,140961,140963],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,140944,132],{"class":131},[53,140946,116],{"class":67},[53,140948,34063],{"class":112},[53,140950,37],{"class":67},[53,140952,140675],{"class":112},[53,140954,116],{"class":67},[53,140956,72],{"class":71},[53,140958,59950],{"class":75},[53,140960,72],{"class":71},[53,140962,4721],{"class":67},[53,140964,20556],{"class":3024},[53,140966,140967,140969,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979,140981,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,140968,132],{"class":131},[53,140970,116],{"class":67},[53,140972,34063],{"class":112},[53,140974,37],{"class":67},[53,140976,140675],{"class":112},[53,140978,116],{"class":67},[53,140980,72],{"class":71},[53,140982,59950],{"class":75},[53,140984,72],{"class":71},[53,140986,81],{"class":67},[53,140988,36996],{"class":273},[53,140990,4721],{"class":67},[53,140992,43211],{"class":3024},[20,140994,140995,140996,37],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[464,140997,124354],{"href":50334},[39,140999,141001],{"id":141000},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141003,141004,141006],{},[15,141005,126967],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[599,141008,141009],{"id":140838},[15,141010,140838],{},[20,141012,141013],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[44,141015,141017],{"className":46,"code":141016,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141018,141019,141031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141020,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141022,34042],{"class":59},[53,141024,64],{"class":63},[53,141026,84],{"class":71},[53,141028,365],{"class":75},[53,141030,2715],{"class":71},[53,141032,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141050,141052,141054],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141034,132],{"class":131},[53,141036,116],{"class":67},[53,141038,34063],{"class":112},[53,141040,37],{"class":67},[53,141042,140675],{"class":112},[53,141044,116],{"class":67},[53,141046,72],{"class":71},[53,141048,141049],{"class":75},"ban",[53,141051,72],{"class":71},[53,141053,4721],{"class":67},[53,141055,3025],{"class":3024},[599,141057,141058],{"id":35428},[15,141059,35428],{},[20,141061,141062],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[44,141064,141066],{"className":46,"code":141065,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141067,141068,141080],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141069,141070,141072,141074,141076,141078],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141071,34042],{"class":59},[53,141073,64],{"class":63},[53,141075,84],{"class":71},[53,141077,59765],{"class":75},[53,141079,2715],{"class":71},[53,141081,141082,141084,141086,141088,141090,141092,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102,141104,141106],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141083,132],{"class":131},[53,141085,116],{"class":67},[53,141087,34063],{"class":112},[53,141089,37],{"class":67},[53,141091,140675],{"class":112},[53,141093,116],{"class":67},[53,141095,72],{"class":71},[53,141097,59950],{"class":75},[53,141099,72],{"class":71},[53,141101,81],{"class":67},[53,141103,36996],{"class":273},[53,141105,4721],{"class":67},[53,141107,3025],{"class":3024},[599,141109,141110],{"id":52019},[15,141111,52019],{},[20,141113,141114],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[44,141116,141118],{"className":46,"code":141117,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141119,141120,141132],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141121,141122,141124,141126,141128,141130],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141123,34042],{"class":59},[53,141125,64],{"class":63},[53,141127,84],{"class":71},[53,141129,59765],{"class":75},[53,141131,2715],{"class":71},[53,141133,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141151,141153,141155,141157,141159,141161,141163],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141135,132],{"class":131},[53,141137,116],{"class":67},[53,141139,34063],{"class":112},[53,141141,37],{"class":67},[53,141143,140675],{"class":112},[53,141145,116],{"class":67},[53,141147,72],{"class":71},[53,141149,141150],{"class":75},"wor",[53,141152,72],{"class":71},[53,141154,81],{"class":67},[53,141156,36996],{"class":273},[53,141158,81],{"class":67},[53,141160,53495],{"class":273},[53,141162,4721],{"class":67},[53,141164,3025],{"class":3024},[599,141166,141168],{"id":141167},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141170,141171,141173],{},[15,141172,140838],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[44,141175,141177],{"className":46,"code":141176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141178,141179,141192],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141180,141181,141183,141185,141187,141190],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141182,125682],{"class":59},[53,141184,64],{"class":63},[53,141186,84],{"class":71},[53,141188,141189],{"class":75},"img_001.png",[53,141191,2715],{"class":71},[53,141193,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204,141206,141208,141211,141213,141215,141217,141220,141222,141224],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141195,132],{"class":131},[53,141197,116],{"class":67},[53,141199,125700],{"class":112},[53,141201,37],{"class":67},[53,141203,140675],{"class":112},[53,141205,4871],{"class":67},[53,141207,72],{"class":71},[53,141209,141210],{"class":75},"img_",[53,141212,72],{"class":71},[53,141214,81],{"class":67},[53,141216,84],{"class":71},[53,141218,141219],{"class":75},"photo_",[53,141221,72],{"class":71},[53,141223,50450],{"class":67},[53,141225,3025],{"class":3024},[39,141227,16778],{"id":16777},[20,141229,141230,141232],{},[15,141231,126967],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[193,141234,141235,141240],{},[196,141236,141237,141239],{},[15,141238,2963],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[196,141241,141242,126284],{},[15,141243,3035],{},[20,141245,141246,141247,6535],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141248,1106],{},[44,141250,141252],{"className":46,"code":141251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141253,141254,141268,141272,141293,141308,141314],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141255,141256,141259,141261,141263,141266],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141257,141258],{"class":59},"command ",[53,141260,64],{"class":63},[53,141262,84],{"class":71},[53,141264,141265],{"class":75},"\u002Fhelp",[53,141267,2715],{"class":71},[53,141269,141270],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141271,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141273,141274,141276,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,141275,1106],{"class":1105},[53,141277,141278],{"class":59}," command",[53,141280,37],{"class":67},[53,141282,140675],{"class":112},[53,141284,116],{"class":67},[53,141286,72],{"class":71},[53,141288,126491],{"class":75},[53,141290,72],{"class":71},[53,141292,7709],{"class":67},[53,141294,141295,141297,141299,141301,141304,141306],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,141296,7435],{"class":131},[53,141298,116],{"class":67},[53,141300,72],{"class":71},[53,141302,141303],{"class":75},"This looks like a command.",[53,141305,72],{"class":71},[53,141307,125],{"class":67},[53,141309,141310,141312],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,141311,26789],{"class":1105},[53,141313,1120],{"class":67},[53,141315,141316,141318,141320,141322,141325,141327],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,141317,7435],{"class":131},[53,141319,116],{"class":67},[53,141321,72],{"class":71},[53,141323,141324],{"class":75},"This is normal text.",[53,141326,72],{"class":71},[53,141328,125],{"class":67},[20,141330,772],{},[44,141332,141334],{"className":46,"code":141333,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141335,141336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141337,141338,141341],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141339,141340],{"class":59},"This looks like a command",[53,141342,121631],{"class":67},[39,141344,7785,141346,1154,141348,594,141350],{"id":141345},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141347,126967],{},[15,141349,35428],{},[15,141351,52019],{},[20,141353,1329,141354,594,141356,141358],{},[15,141355,35428],{},[15,141357,52019],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[193,141360,141361,141366,141371],{},[196,141362,141363,141365],{},[15,141364,35428],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[196,141367,141368,141370],{},[15,141369,52019],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[196,141372,141373],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141375,1559],{},[44,141377,141379],{"className":46,"code":141378,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141380,141381,141393,141397,141426,141459],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141382,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141384,34042],{"class":59},[53,141386,64],{"class":63},[53,141388,84],{"class":71},[53,141390,138878],{"class":75},[53,141392,2715],{"class":71},[53,141394,141395],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141396,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141398,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141411,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421,141423],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,141400,132],{"class":131},[53,141402,116],{"class":67},[53,141404,34063],{"class":112},[53,141406,37],{"class":67},[53,141408,140675],{"class":112},[53,141410,116],{"class":67},[53,141412,72],{"class":71},[53,141414,78630],{"class":75},[53,141416,72],{"class":71},[53,141418,81],{"class":67},[53,141420,1811],{"class":273},[53,141422,4721],{"class":67},[53,141424,141425],{"class":3024},"        # True\n",[53,141427,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141455,141457],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,141429,132],{"class":131},[53,141431,116],{"class":67},[53,141433,34063],{"class":112},[53,141435,37],{"class":67},[53,141437,140675],{"class":112},[53,141439,116],{"class":67},[53,141441,72],{"class":71},[53,141443,133485],{"class":75},[53,141445,72],{"class":71},[53,141447,81],{"class":67},[53,141449,5722],{"class":273},[53,141451,81],{"class":67},[53,141453,141454],{"class":273}," 13",[53,141456,4721],{"class":67},[53,141458,3025],{"class":3024},[53,141460,141461,141463,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473,141475,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,141462,132],{"class":131},[53,141464,116],{"class":67},[53,141466,34063],{"class":112},[53,141468,37],{"class":67},[53,141470,140675],{"class":112},[53,141472,116],{"class":67},[53,141474,72],{"class":71},[53,141476,133485],{"class":75},[53,141478,72],{"class":71},[53,141480,81],{"class":67},[53,141482,5722],{"class":273},[53,141484,81],{"class":67},[53,141486,30296],{"class":273},[53,141488,4721],{"class":67},[53,141490,4129],{"class":3024},[20,141492,141493,141494,141496],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141495,52019],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[39,141498,141500],{"id":141499},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141502,141503],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141505,141506,141507,48706],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141508,40191],{},[44,141510,141512],{"className":46,"code":141511,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141513,141514,141528,141542,141556,141560,141584,141588,141609,141630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141515,141516,141519,141521,141523,141526],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141517,141518],{"class":59},"filename1 ",[53,141520,64],{"class":63},[53,141522,84],{"class":71},[53,141524,141525],{"class":75},"img_101.jpg",[53,141527,2715],{"class":71},[53,141529,141530,141533,141535,141537,141540],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141531,141532],{"class":59},"filename2 ",[53,141534,64],{"class":63},[53,141536,84],{"class":71},[53,141538,141539],{"class":75},"photo_202.jpg",[53,141541,2715],{"class":71},[53,141543,141544,141547,141549,141551,141554],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,141545,141546],{"class":59},"filename3 ",[53,141548,64],{"class":63},[53,141550,84],{"class":71},[53,141552,141553],{"class":75},"doc_303.jpg",[53,141555,2715],{"class":71},[53,141557,141558],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,141559,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141561,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141572,141574,141576,141578,141580,141582],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,141563,126894],{"class":59},[53,141565,64],{"class":63},[53,141567,8605],{"class":67},[53,141569,72],{"class":71},[53,141571,141210],{"class":75},[53,141573,72],{"class":71},[53,141575,81],{"class":67},[53,141577,84],{"class":71},[53,141579,141219],{"class":75},[53,141581,72],{"class":71},[53,141583,125],{"class":67},[53,141585,141586],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,141587,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141589,141590,141592,141594,141597,141599,141601,141603,141605,141607],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,141591,132],{"class":131},[53,141593,116],{"class":67},[53,141595,141596],{"class":112},"filename1",[53,141598,37],{"class":67},[53,141600,140675],{"class":112},[53,141602,116],{"class":67},[53,141604,126946],{"class":112},[53,141606,4721],{"class":67},[53,141608,3025],{"class":3024},[53,141610,141611,141613,141615,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,141612,132],{"class":131},[53,141614,116],{"class":67},[53,141616,141617],{"class":112},"filename2",[53,141619,37],{"class":67},[53,141621,140675],{"class":112},[53,141623,116],{"class":67},[53,141625,126946],{"class":112},[53,141627,4721],{"class":67},[53,141629,3025],{"class":3024},[53,141631,141632,141634,141636,141639,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,141633,132],{"class":131},[53,141635,116],{"class":67},[53,141637,141638],{"class":112},"filename3",[53,141640,37],{"class":67},[53,141642,140675],{"class":112},[53,141644,116],{"class":67},[53,141646,126946],{"class":112},[53,141648,4721],{"class":67},[53,141650,4129],{"class":3024},[20,141652,141653],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141655,74131,141656,141660],{},[464,141657,125599,141658,830],{"href":129193},[15,141659,125657],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[39,141662,123246],{"id":123245},[20,141664,141665,123057],{},[15,141666,126967],{},[20,141668,126644,141669,594,141672,126651],{},[15,141670,141671],{},"\"Python\"",[15,141673,141674],{},"\"python\"",[44,141676,141678],{"className":46,"code":141677,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,141679,141680,141692,141696,141720],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141681,141682,141684,141686,141688,141690],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141683,34042],{"class":59},[53,141685,64],{"class":63},[53,141687,84],{"class":71},[53,141689,6660],{"class":75},[53,141691,2715],{"class":71},[53,141693,141694],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141695,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141697,141698,141700,141702,141704,141706,141708,141710,141712,141714,141716,141718],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,141699,132],{"class":131},[53,141701,116],{"class":67},[53,141703,34063],{"class":112},[53,141705,37],{"class":67},[53,141707,140675],{"class":112},[53,141709,116],{"class":67},[53,141711,72],{"class":71},[53,141713,140786],{"class":75},[53,141715,72],{"class":71},[53,141717,4721],{"class":67},[53,141719,3025],{"class":3024},[53,141721,141722,141724,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734,141736,141738,141740,141742],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,141723,132],{"class":131},[53,141725,116],{"class":67},[53,141727,34063],{"class":112},[53,141729,37],{"class":67},[53,141731,140675],{"class":112},[53,141733,116],{"class":67},[53,141735,72],{"class":71},[53,141737,128045],{"class":75},[53,141739,72],{"class":71},[53,141741,4721],{"class":67},[53,141743,4129],{"class":3024},[20,141745,126736,141746,37],{},[464,141747,141748],{"href":123326},[15,141749,123329],{},[44,141751,141753],{"className":46,"code":141752,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,141754,141755,141767,141771],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141756,141757,141759,141761,141763,141765],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141758,34042],{"class":59},[53,141760,64],{"class":63},[53,141762,84],{"class":71},[53,141764,6660],{"class":75},[53,141766,2715],{"class":71},[53,141768,141769],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141770,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141772,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141797],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,141774,132],{"class":131},[53,141776,116],{"class":67},[53,141778,34063],{"class":112},[53,141780,37],{"class":67},[53,141782,8008],{"class":112},[53,141784,8005],{"class":67},[53,141786,140675],{"class":112},[53,141788,116],{"class":67},[53,141790,72],{"class":71},[53,141792,128045],{"class":75},[53,141794,72],{"class":71},[53,141796,4721],{"class":67},[53,141798,3025],{"class":3024},[39,141800,4319,141802],{"id":141801},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,141803,126967],{},[20,141805,141806,141808],{},[15,141807,126967],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,141810,8741],{},[193,141812,141813,141816,141819,141828],{},[196,141814,141815],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[196,141817,141818],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[196,141820,141821,141822,1219,141825],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,141823,141824],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,141826,141827],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[196,141829,141830],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,141832,1559],{},[44,141834,141836],{"className":46,"code":141835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,141837,141838,141851,141855,141884],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141839,141840,141842,141844,141846,141849],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141841,126462],{"class":59},[53,141843,64],{"class":63},[53,141845,84],{"class":71},[53,141847,141848],{"class":75},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[53,141850,2715],{"class":71},[53,141852,141853],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141854,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,141856,141857,141859,141862,141864,141866,141868,141870,141872,141874,141876,141878,141880,141882],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,141858,1106],{"class":1105},[53,141860,141861],{"class":59}," url",[53,141863,37],{"class":67},[53,141865,140675],{"class":112},[53,141867,4871],{"class":67},[53,141869,72],{"class":71},[53,141871,141824],{"class":75},[53,141873,72],{"class":71},[53,141875,81],{"class":67},[53,141877,84],{"class":71},[53,141879,141827],{"class":75},[53,141881,72],{"class":71},[53,141883,68922],{"class":67},[53,141885,141886,141888,141890,141892,141895,141897],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,141887,7435],{"class":131},[53,141889,116],{"class":67},[53,141891,72],{"class":71},[53,141893,141894],{"class":75},"This looks like a web URL.",[53,141896,72],{"class":71},[53,141898,125],{"class":67},[39,141900,2185],{"id":2184},[20,141902,22448,141903,37],{},[15,141904,126967],{},[599,141906,138039],{"id":141907},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,141909,141910,123057],{},[15,141911,126967],{},[44,141913,141915],{"className":46,"code":141914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,141916,141917,141929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141918,141919,141921,141923,141925,141927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141920,34042],{"class":59},[53,141922,64],{"class":63},[53,141924,84],{"class":71},[53,141926,6660],{"class":75},[53,141928,2715],{"class":71},[53,141930,141931,141933,141935,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947,141949,141951],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,141932,132],{"class":131},[53,141934,116],{"class":67},[53,141936,34063],{"class":112},[53,141938,37],{"class":67},[53,141940,140675],{"class":112},[53,141942,116],{"class":67},[53,141944,72],{"class":71},[53,141946,48],{"class":75},[53,141948,72],{"class":71},[53,141950,4721],{"class":67},[53,141952,4129],{"class":3024},[20,141954,38615],{},[44,141956,141958],{"className":46,"code":141957,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,141959,141960],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,141961,141962,141964,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978,141980,141982,141984,141986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,141963,132],{"class":131},[53,141965,116],{"class":67},[53,141967,34063],{"class":112},[53,141969,37],{"class":67},[53,141971,8008],{"class":112},[53,141973,8005],{"class":67},[53,141975,140675],{"class":112},[53,141977,116],{"class":67},[53,141979,72],{"class":71},[53,141981,48],{"class":75},[53,141983,72],{"class":71},[53,141985,4721],{"class":67},[53,141987,3025],{"class":3024},[599,141989,29006,141991,136521],{"id":141990},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,141992,126967],{},[20,141994,141995],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[44,141997,141999],{"className":46,"code":141998,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142000,142001,142009,142013,142018],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142002,142003,142005,142007],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142004,1801],{"class":59},[53,142006,64],{"class":63},[53,142008,124281],{"class":273},[53,142010,142011],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142012,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,142014,142015],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142016,142017],{"class":3024},"# This will cause an error:\n",[53,142019,142020],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,142021,142022],{"class":3024},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142024,38615],{},[44,142026,142028],{"className":46,"code":142027,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142029,142030,142044],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142031,142032,142034,142036,142038,142040,142042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142033,1801],{"class":59},[53,142035,64],{"class":63},[53,142037,48262],{"class":550},[53,142039,116],{"class":67},[53,142041,49604],{"class":273},[53,142043,125],{"class":67},[53,142045,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058,142060,142062,142064,142066],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142047,132],{"class":131},[53,142049,116],{"class":67},[53,142051,236],{"class":112},[53,142053,37],{"class":67},[53,142055,140675],{"class":112},[53,142057,116],{"class":67},[53,142059,72],{"class":71},[53,142061,274],{"class":75},[53,142063,72],{"class":71},[53,142065,4721],{"class":67},[53,142067,3025],{"class":3024},[599,142069,1151,142071,1154,142073],{"id":142070},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142072,126967],{},[15,142074,1067],{},[20,142076,142077,142079],{},[15,142078,126967],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142081,142082,142083,142085,142086,37],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142084,1067],{}," or methods like ",[464,142087,142088],{"href":123609},[15,142089,123594],{},[44,142091,142093],{"className":46,"code":142092,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142094,142095,142107,142111,142135],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142096,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142098,34042],{"class":59},[53,142100,64],{"class":63},[53,142102,84],{"class":71},[53,142104,59765],{"class":75},[53,142106,2715],{"class":71},[53,142108,142109],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142110,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,142112,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142114,132],{"class":131},[53,142116,116],{"class":67},[53,142118,34063],{"class":112},[53,142120,37],{"class":67},[53,142122,140675],{"class":112},[53,142124,116],{"class":67},[53,142126,72],{"class":71},[53,142128,59950],{"class":75},[53,142130,72],{"class":71},[53,142132,4721],{"class":67},[53,142134,4129],{"class":3024},[53,142136,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,142138,132],{"class":131},[53,142140,116],{"class":67},[53,142142,72],{"class":71},[53,142144,59950],{"class":75},[53,142146,72],{"class":71},[53,142148,1115],{"class":1105},[53,142150,42197],{"class":112},[53,142152,3021],{"class":67},[53,142154,142155],{"class":3024},"           # True\n",[20,142157,135073,142158,37],{},[464,142159,126635],{"href":122854},[599,142161,4062,142163,594,142165,142167],{"id":142162},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142164,35428],{},[15,142166,52019],{}," use index positions",[20,142169,142170,142171,37],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142172,1470],{},[44,142174,142176],{"className":46,"code":142175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142177,142178,142191,142195],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142179,142180,142182,142184,142186,142189],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142181,34042],{"class":59},[53,142183,64],{"class":63},[53,142185,84],{"class":71},[53,142187,142188],{"class":75},"abcdef",[53,142190,2715],{"class":71},[53,142192,142193],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142194,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,142196,142197,142199,142201,142203,142205,142207,142209,142211,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142198,132],{"class":131},[53,142200,116],{"class":67},[53,142202,34063],{"class":112},[53,142204,37],{"class":67},[53,142206,140675],{"class":112},[53,142208,116],{"class":67},[53,142210,72],{"class":71},[53,142212,142213],{"class":75},"cd",[53,142215,72],{"class":71},[53,142217,81],{"class":67},[53,142219,279],{"class":273},[53,142221,4721],{"class":67},[53,142223,3025],{"class":3024},[599,142225,142227],{"id":142226},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142229,142230],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142232,852],{},[44,142234,142236],{"className":46,"code":142235,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142237,142238],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142239,142240],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142241,142235],{"class":3024},[20,142243,941],{},[44,142245,142247],{"className":46,"code":142246,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142248,142249,142261],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142250,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142252,34042],{"class":59},[53,142254,64],{"class":63},[53,142256,84],{"class":71},[53,142258,6660],{"class":75},[53,142260,2715],{"class":71},[53,142262,142263,142265,142267,142269,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142288,142290,142292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142264,132],{"class":131},[53,142266,116],{"class":67},[53,142268,34063],{"class":112},[53,142270,37],{"class":67},[53,142272,140675],{"class":112},[53,142274,4871],{"class":67},[53,142276,72],{"class":71},[53,142278,140786],{"class":75},[53,142280,72],{"class":71},[53,142282,81],{"class":67},[53,142284,84],{"class":71},[53,142286,142287],{"class":75},"Ja",[53,142289,72],{"class":71},[53,142291,50450],{"class":67},[53,142293,3025],{"class":3024},[20,142295,31436],{},[44,142297,142299],{"className":46,"code":142298,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142300,142301,142311,142325,142347,142373],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142302,142303,142305,142307,142309],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142304,132],{"class":131},[53,142306,116],{"class":67},[53,142308,34063],{"class":112},[53,142310,125],{"class":67},[53,142312,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142314,132],{"class":131},[53,142316,116],{"class":67},[53,142318,2578],{"class":550},[53,142320,116],{"class":67},[53,142322,34063],{"class":112},[53,142324,1377],{"class":67},[53,142326,142327,142329,142331,142333,142335,142337,142339,142341,142343,142345],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142328,132],{"class":131},[53,142330,116],{"class":67},[53,142332,34063],{"class":112},[53,142334,37],{"class":67},[53,142336,140675],{"class":112},[53,142338,116],{"class":67},[53,142340,72],{"class":71},[53,142342,140786],{"class":75},[53,142344,72],{"class":71},[53,142346,1377],{"class":67},[53,142348,142349,142351,142353,142355,142357,142359,142361,142363,142365,142367,142369,142371],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,142350,132],{"class":131},[53,142352,116],{"class":67},[53,142354,34063],{"class":112},[53,142356,37],{"class":67},[53,142358,8008],{"class":112},[53,142360,8005],{"class":67},[53,142362,140675],{"class":112},[53,142364,116],{"class":67},[53,142366,72],{"class":71},[53,142368,128045],{"class":75},[53,142370,72],{"class":71},[53,142372,1377],{"class":67},[53,142374,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,142376,132],{"class":131},[53,142378,116],{"class":67},[53,142380,34063],{"class":112},[53,142382,37],{"class":67},[53,142384,140675],{"class":112},[53,142386,4871],{"class":67},[53,142388,72],{"class":71},[53,142390,140786],{"class":75},[53,142392,72],{"class":71},[53,142394,81],{"class":67},[53,142396,84],{"class":71},[53,142398,142287],{"class":75},[53,142400,72],{"class":71},[53,142402,2267],{"class":67},[39,142404,1187],{"id":1186},[599,142406,1191,142408,127445],{"id":142407},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142409,126967],{},[20,142411,142412,142413,1219,142415,37],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142414,2963],{},[15,142416,3035],{},[599,142418,1234,142420,142422],{"id":142419},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142421,126967],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142424,142425],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[44,142427,142429],{"className":46,"code":142428,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142430,142431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142432,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445,142447,142449,142451,142453,142455],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142434,34063],{"class":59},[53,142436,37],{"class":67},[53,142438,140675],{"class":112},[53,142440,4871],{"class":67},[53,142442,72],{"class":71},[53,142444,464],{"class":75},[53,142446,72],{"class":71},[53,142448,81],{"class":67},[53,142450,84],{"class":71},[53,142452,637],{"class":75},[53,142454,72],{"class":71},[53,142456,1377],{"class":67},[599,142458,14263,142460,123935],{"id":142459},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142461,126967],{},[20,142463,129128],{},[599,142465,4538,142467,594,142469,1222],{"id":142466},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142468,126967],{},[15,142470,1067],{},[20,142472,142473,142475,142476,142478],{},[15,142474,126967],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142477,1067],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[599,142480,27684,142482,594,142484,1154,142486,1222],{"id":142481},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142483,35428],{},[15,142485,52019],{},[15,142487,126967],{},[20,142489,142490],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[39,142492,1244],{"id":1243},[193,142494,142495,142501,142507,142513,142517],{},[196,142496,142497],{},[464,142498,125599,142499,830],{"href":129193},[15,142500,125657],{},[196,142502,142503],{},[464,142504,125599,142505,830],{"href":123609},[15,142506,123594],{},[196,142508,142509],{},[464,142510,125599,142511,830],{"href":123326},[15,142512,123329],{},[196,142514,142515],{},[464,142516,123998],{"href":122854},[196,142518,142519],{},[464,142520,124354],{"href":50334},[1276,142522,142523],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":142525},[142526,142528,142529,142535,142536,142538,142539,142540,142542,142552,142564],{"id":140721,"depth":104,"text":142527},"What startswith() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":141000,"depth":104,"text":141001,"children":142530},[142531,142532,142533,142534],{"id":140838,"depth":128,"text":140838},{"id":35428,"depth":128,"text":35428},{"id":52019,"depth":128,"text":52019},{"id":141167,"depth":128,"text":141168},{"id":16777,"depth":104,"text":16778},{"id":141345,"depth":104,"text":142537},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141499,"depth":104,"text":141500},{"id":123245,"depth":104,"text":123246},{"id":141801,"depth":104,"text":142541},"When to use startswith()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":142543},[142544,142545,142547,142549,142551],{"id":141907,"depth":128,"text":138039},{"id":141990,"depth":128,"text":142546},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142070,"depth":128,"text":142548},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142162,"depth":128,"text":142550},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142226,"depth":128,"text":142227},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":142553},[142554,142556,142558,142560,142562],{"id":142407,"depth":128,"text":142555},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142419,"depth":128,"text":142557},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142459,"depth":128,"text":142559},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142466,"depth":128,"text":142561},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142481,"depth":128,"text":142563},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140621,"description":142565},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142572,"title":142573,"body":142574,"description":144028,"extension":1312,"meta":144029,"navigation":383,"path":144030,"seo":144031,"stem":144032,"__hash__":144033},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142575,"toc":143998},[142576,142581,142586,142589,142591,142635,142637,142645,142650,142655,142660,142662,142680,142682,142728,142730,142744,142753,142757,142759,142761,142773,142778,142781,142813,142815,142824,142829,142832,142873,142875,142883,142885,142898,142904,142908,142911,142927,142929,142978,142980,142989,142992,143051,143053,143062,143069,143072,143125,143127,143151,143158,143164,143168,143174,143177,143188,143190,143230,143232,143240,143242,143282,143284,143293,143295,143313,143316,143323,143334,143337,143354,143356,143433,143435,143466,143469,143471,143474,143500,143502,143542,143544,143553,143563,143571,143579,143584,143589,143591,143605,143607,143658,143660,143669,143679,143681,143683,143705,143708,143787,143789,143825,143828,143903,143908,143910,143916,143921,143926,143929,143935,143938,143945,143953,143957,143965,143967,143995],[10,142577,122599,142579,18],{"id":142578},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142580,41008],{},[20,142582,31671,142583,142585],{},[15,142584,41008],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142587,142588],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[39,142590,2968],{"id":2967},[44,142592,142594],{"className":46,"code":142593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142595,142596,142609,142624],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142597,142598,142600,142602,142604,142607],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142599,34042],{"class":59},[53,142601,64],{"class":63},[53,142603,84],{"class":71},[53,142605,142606],{"class":75},"  hello  ",[53,142608,2715],{"class":71},[53,142610,142611,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142612,142613],{"class":59},"clean_text ",[53,142615,64],{"class":63},[53,142617,42197],{"class":59},[53,142619,37],{"class":67},[53,142621,8002],{"class":112},[53,142623,8011],{"class":67},[53,142625,142626,142628,142630,142633],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142627,132],{"class":131},[53,142629,116],{"class":67},[53,142631,142632],{"class":112},"clean_text",[53,142634,125],{"class":67},[20,142636,772],{},[44,142638,142639],{"className":46,"code":137914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,142640,142641],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142642,142643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142644,137914],{"class":59},[20,142646,174,142647,142649],{},[15,142648,41008],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[39,142651,183,142653,186],{"id":142652},"what-strip-does",[15,142654,41008],{},[20,142656,142657,142659],{},[15,142658,41008],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,142661,12416],{},[193,142663,142664,142668,142671,142674,142677],{},[196,142665,142666,130949],{},[15,142667,41008],{},[196,142669,142670],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[196,142672,142673],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[196,142675,142676],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[196,142678,142679],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,142681,1559],{},[44,142683,142685],{"className":46,"code":142684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,142686,142687,142700,142704,142718],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142688,142689,142691,142693,142695,142698],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142690,34042],{"class":59},[53,142692,64],{"class":63},[53,142694,84],{"class":71},[53,142696,142697],{"class":75},"  hello world  ",[53,142699,2715],{"class":71},[53,142701,142702],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142703,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,142705,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714,142716],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142707,132],{"class":131},[53,142709,116],{"class":67},[53,142711,34063],{"class":112},[53,142713,37],{"class":67},[53,142715,8002],{"class":112},[53,142717,6557],{"class":67},[53,142719,142720,142722,142724,142726],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,142721,132],{"class":131},[53,142723,116],{"class":67},[53,142725,34063],{"class":112},[53,142727,125],{"class":67},[20,142729,772],{},[44,142731,142733],{"className":46,"code":142732,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,142734,142735,142739],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142736,142737],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142738,133615],{"class":59},[53,142740,142741],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142742,142743],{"class":59},"  hello world\n",[20,142745,142746,142747,142749,142750,142752],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,142748,41008],{},", but the original ",[15,142751,34063],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,142754,124351,142755,37],{},[464,142756,124354],{"href":50334},[39,142758,217],{"id":216},[20,142760,25842],{},[193,142762,142763,142768],{},[196,142764,142765],{},[15,142766,142767],{},"string.strip()",[196,142769,142770],{},[15,142771,142772],{},"string.strip(chars)",[599,142774,142776],{"id":142775},"stringstrip",[15,142777,142767],{},[20,142779,142780],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[44,142782,142784],{"className":46,"code":142783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,142785,142786,142799],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142787,142788,142790,142792,142794,142797],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142789,7242],{"class":59},[53,142791,64],{"class":63},[53,142793,84],{"class":71},[53,142795,142796],{"class":75},"  Alice  ",[53,142798,2715],{"class":71},[53,142800,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142802,132],{"class":131},[53,142804,116],{"class":67},[53,142806,7032],{"class":112},[53,142808,37],{"class":67},[53,142810,8002],{"class":112},[53,142812,6557],{"class":67},[20,142814,772],{},[44,142816,142818],{"className":46,"code":142817,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Alice\n",[15,142819,142820],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142821,142822],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142823,142817],{"class":59},[599,142825,142827],{"id":142826},"stringstripchars",[15,142828,142772],{},[20,142830,142831],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[44,142833,142835],{"className":46,"code":142834,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,142836,142837,142850],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142838,142839,142841,142843,142845,142848],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142840,34042],{"class":59},[53,142842,64],{"class":63},[53,142844,84],{"class":71},[53,142846,142847],{"class":75},"!!hello??",[53,142849,2715],{"class":71},[53,142851,142852,142854,142856,142858,142860,142862,142864,142866,142869,142871],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142853,132],{"class":131},[53,142855,116],{"class":67},[53,142857,34063],{"class":112},[53,142859,37],{"class":67},[53,142861,8002],{"class":112},[53,142863,116],{"class":67},[53,142865,72],{"class":71},[53,142867,142868],{"class":75},"!?",[53,142870,72],{"class":71},[53,142872,1377],{"class":67},[20,142874,772],{},[44,142876,142877],{"className":46,"code":137914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,142878,142879],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142880,142881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142882,137914],{"class":59},[20,142884,83180],{},[193,142886,142887,142892],{},[196,142888,142889,142891],{},[15,142890,133858],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[196,142893,142894,142895,142897],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,142896,133858],{}," does not matter",[39,142899,142901,142902],{"id":142900},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,142903,41008],{},[20,142905,30238,142906,37],{},[15,142907,41008],{},[20,142909,142910],{},"It is useful for:",[193,142912,142913,142918,142921,142924],{},[196,142914,142915,142916,3245],{},"Cleaning ",[15,142917,2313],{},[196,142919,142920],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[196,142922,142923],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[196,142925,142926],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,142928,47719],{},[44,142930,142932],{"className":46,"code":142931,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,142933,142934,142947,142963,142967],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142935,142936,142938,142940,142942,142945],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142937,7327],{"class":59},[53,142939,64],{"class":63},[53,142941,84],{"class":71},[53,142943,142944],{"class":75},"  sam  ",[53,142946,2715],{"class":71},[53,142948,142949,142952,142954,142957,142959,142961],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,142950,142951],{"class":59},"clean_username ",[53,142953,64],{"class":63},[53,142955,142956],{"class":59}," username",[53,142958,37],{"class":67},[53,142960,8002],{"class":112},[53,142962,8011],{"class":67},[53,142964,142965],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,142966,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,142968,142969,142971,142973,142976],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,142970,132],{"class":131},[53,142972,116],{"class":67},[53,142974,142975],{"class":112},"clean_username",[53,142977,125],{"class":67},[20,142979,772],{},[44,142981,142983],{"className":46,"code":142982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sam\n",[15,142984,142985],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142986,142987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,142988,142982],{"class":59},[20,142990,142991],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[44,142993,142995],{"className":46,"code":142994,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,142996,142997,143010,143014,143036],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,142998,142999,143001,143003,143005,143008],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143000,135842],{"class":59},[53,143002,64],{"class":63},[53,143004,84],{"class":71},[53,143006,143007],{"class":75}," yes  ",[53,143009,2715],{"class":71},[53,143011,143012],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143013,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,143015,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143028,143030,143032,143034],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143017,1106],{"class":1105},[53,143019,135862],{"class":59},[53,143021,37],{"class":67},[53,143023,8002],{"class":112},[53,143025,6729],{"class":67},[53,143027,5770],{"class":63},[53,143029,84],{"class":71},[53,143031,8026],{"class":75},[53,143033,72],{"class":71},[53,143035,1120],{"class":67},[53,143037,143038,143040,143042,143044,143047,143049],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,143039,7435],{"class":131},[53,143041,116],{"class":67},[53,143043,72],{"class":71},[53,143045,143046],{"class":75},"Matched",[53,143048,72],{"class":71},[53,143050,125],{"class":67},[20,143052,772],{},[44,143054,143056],{"className":46,"code":143055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Matched\n",[15,143057,143058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143059,143060],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143061,143055],{"class":59},[20,143063,143064,143065,37],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[464,143066,143068],{"href":143067},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143070,143071],{},"Example with file-style text:",[44,143073,143075],{"className":46,"code":143074,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143076,143077,143093,143107],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143078,143079,143082,143084,143086,143089,143091],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143080,143081],{"class":59},"line ",[53,143083,64],{"class":63},[53,143085,84],{"class":71},[53,143087,143088],{"class":75},"Python basics",[53,143090,86512],{"class":33807},[53,143092,2715],{"class":71},[53,143094,143095,143097,143099,143101,143103,143105],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143096,132],{"class":131},[53,143098,116],{"class":67},[53,143100,41134],{"class":131},[53,143102,116],{"class":67},[53,143104,55],{"class":112},[53,143106,1377],{"class":67},[53,143108,143109,143111,143113,143115,143117,143119,143121,143123],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143110,132],{"class":131},[53,143112,116],{"class":67},[53,143114,41134],{"class":131},[53,143116,116],{"class":67},[53,143118,55],{"class":112},[53,143120,37],{"class":67},[53,143122,8002],{"class":112},[53,143124,5652],{"class":67},[20,143126,772],{},[44,143128,143130],{"className":46,"code":143129,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143131,143132,143143],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143133,143134,143136,143138,143141],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143135,156],{"class":42684},[53,143137,143088],{"class":42688},[53,143139,86512],{"class":143140},"sfi6f",[53,143142,559],{"class":42684},[53,143144,143145,143147,143149],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143146,156],{"class":42684},[53,143148,143088],{"class":42688},[53,143150,559],{"class":42684},[20,143152,7785,143153,143155,143156,37],{},[15,143154,121813],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143157,86512],{},[20,143159,143160,143161,37],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[464,143162,143163],{"href":87165},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[39,143165,143167],{"id":143166},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143169,143170,143171,37],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143172,143173],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143175,143176],{},"Python will:",[193,143178,143179,143182,143185],{},[196,143180,143181],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[196,143183,143184],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[196,143186,143187],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143189,1559],{},[44,143191,143193],{"className":46,"code":143192,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143194,143195,143208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143196,143197,143199,143201,143203,143206],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143198,34042],{"class":59},[53,143200,64],{"class":63},[53,143202,84],{"class":71},[53,143204,143205],{"class":75},"??hello!!",[53,143207,2715],{"class":71},[53,143209,143210,143212,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143211,132],{"class":131},[53,143213,116],{"class":67},[53,143215,34063],{"class":112},[53,143217,37],{"class":67},[53,143219,8002],{"class":112},[53,143221,116],{"class":67},[53,143223,72],{"class":71},[53,143225,142868],{"class":75},[53,143227,72],{"class":71},[53,143229,1377],{"class":67},[20,143231,772],{},[44,143233,143234],{"className":46,"code":137914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,143235,143236],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143237,143238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143239,137914],{"class":59},[20,143241,51439],{},[44,143243,143245],{"className":46,"code":143244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143246,143247,143260],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143248,143249,143251,143253,143255,143258],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143250,34042],{"class":59},[53,143252,64],{"class":63},[53,143254,84],{"class":71},[53,143256,143257],{"class":75},"abcHelloCba",[53,143259,2715],{"class":71},[53,143261,143262,143264,143266,143268,143270,143272,143274,143276,143278,143280],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143263,132],{"class":131},[53,143265,116],{"class":67},[53,143267,34063],{"class":112},[53,143269,37],{"class":67},[53,143271,8002],{"class":112},[53,143273,116],{"class":67},[53,143275,72],{"class":71},[53,143277,40915],{"class":75},[53,143279,72],{"class":71},[53,143281,1377],{"class":67},[20,143283,772],{},[44,143285,143287],{"className":46,"code":143286,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HelloC\n",[15,143288,143289],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143290,143291],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143292,143286],{"class":59},[20,143294,5597],{},[20,143296,143297,13413,143300,143302,143303,143305,143306,1540,143308,1544,143310,143312],{},[15,143298,143299],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[30,143301,461],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143304,40915],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143307,464],{},[15,143309,637],{},[15,143311,646],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143314,143315],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143317,143318,143319,5994],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[464,143320,143321],{"href":129180},[15,143322,123770],{},[39,143324,143326,9952,143328,9952,143331],{"id":143325},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143327,41008],{},[15,143329,143330],{},"lstrip()",[15,143332,143333],{},"rstrip()",[20,143335,143336],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[193,143338,143339,143344,143349],{},[196,143340,143341,143343],{},[15,143342,41008],{}," removes from both ends",[196,143345,143346,143348],{},[15,143347,143330],{}," removes from the left side only",[196,143350,143351,143353],{},[15,143352,143333],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143355,1559],{},[44,143357,143359],{"className":46,"code":143358,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143360,143361,143373,143377,143395,143414],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143362,143363,143365,143367,143369,143371],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143364,34042],{"class":59},[53,143366,64],{"class":63},[53,143368,84],{"class":71},[53,143370,142606],{"class":75},[53,143372,2715],{"class":71},[53,143374,143375],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143376,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,143378,143379,143381,143383,143385,143387,143389,143391,143393],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143380,132],{"class":131},[53,143382,116],{"class":67},[53,143384,41134],{"class":131},[53,143386,116],{"class":67},[53,143388,34063],{"class":112},[53,143390,37],{"class":67},[53,143392,8002],{"class":112},[53,143394,5652],{"class":67},[53,143396,143397,143399,143401,143403,143405,143407,143409,143412],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,143398,132],{"class":131},[53,143400,116],{"class":67},[53,143402,41134],{"class":131},[53,143404,116],{"class":67},[53,143406,34063],{"class":112},[53,143408,37],{"class":67},[53,143410,143411],{"class":112},"lstrip",[53,143413,5652],{"class":67},[53,143415,143416,143418,143420,143422,143424,143426,143428,143431],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,143417,132],{"class":131},[53,143419,116],{"class":67},[53,143421,41134],{"class":131},[53,143423,116],{"class":67},[53,143425,34063],{"class":112},[53,143427,37],{"class":67},[53,143429,143430],{"class":112},"rstrip",[53,143432,5652],{"class":67},[20,143434,772],{},[44,143436,143438],{"className":46,"code":143437,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143439,143440,143448,143457],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143441,143442,143444,143446],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143443,156],{"class":42684},[53,143445,3206],{"class":42688},[53,143447,559],{"class":42684},[53,143449,143450,143452,143455],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143451,156],{"class":42684},[53,143453,143454],{"class":42688},"hello  ",[53,143456,559],{"class":42684},[53,143458,143459,143461,143464],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143460,156],{"class":42684},[53,143462,143463],{"class":42688},"  hello",[53,143465,559],{"class":42684},[20,143467,143468],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[39,143470,107703],{"id":107702},[20,143472,143473],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[193,143475,143476,143484,143494,143497],{},[196,143477,143478,143480,143481,143483],{},[15,143479,143299],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143482,40884],{}," once",[196,143485,143486,143487,1540,143489,1544,143491,143493],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143488,464],{},[15,143490,637],{},[15,143492,646],{}," from both ends",[196,143495,143496],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[196,143498,143499],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143501,1559],{},[44,143503,143505],{"className":46,"code":143504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143506,143507,143520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143508,143509,143511,143513,143515,143518],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143510,125682],{"class":59},[53,143512,64],{"class":63},[53,143514,84],{"class":71},[53,143516,143517],{"class":75},"txt_report.txt",[53,143519,2715],{"class":71},[53,143521,143522,143524,143526,143528,143530,143532,143534,143536,143538,143540],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143523,132],{"class":131},[53,143525,116],{"class":67},[53,143527,125700],{"class":112},[53,143529,37],{"class":67},[53,143531,8002],{"class":112},[53,143533,116],{"class":67},[53,143535,72],{"class":71},[53,143537,125735],{"class":75},[53,143539,72],{"class":71},[53,143541,1377],{"class":67},[20,143543,772],{},[44,143545,143547],{"className":46,"code":143546,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"_report\n",[15,143548,143549],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143550,143551],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143552,143546],{"class":59},[20,143554,143555,143556,1540,143558,1544,143560,143562],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143557,37],{},[15,143559,62646],{},[15,143561,1524],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143564,53012,143565,4141,143568,143570],{},[15,143566,143567],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[30,143569,461],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143572,143573,143574,143578],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[464,143575,143576],{"href":129180},[15,143577,123770],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[39,143580,4319,143582],{"id":143581},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143583,41008],{},[20,143585,174,143586,143588],{},[15,143587,41008],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143590,35778],{},[193,143592,143593,143597,143599,143602],{},[196,143594,142915,143595,3245],{},[15,143596,2313],{},[196,143598,142920],{},[196,143600,143601],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[196,143603,143604],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143606,1559],{},[44,143608,143610],{"className":46,"code":143609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143611,143612,143626,143630,143643],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143613,143614,143617,143619,143621,143624],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143615,143616],{"class":59},"email ",[53,143618,64],{"class":63},[53,143620,84],{"class":71},[53,143622,143623],{"class":75},"  user@example.com  ",[53,143625,2715],{"class":71},[53,143627,143628],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143629,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,143631,143632,143634,143637,143639,143641],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143633,1106],{"class":1105},[53,143635,143636],{"class":59}," email",[53,143638,37],{"class":67},[53,143640,8002],{"class":112},[53,143642,20950],{"class":67},[53,143644,143645,143647,143649,143651,143654,143656],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,143646,7435],{"class":131},[53,143648,116],{"class":67},[53,143650,72],{"class":71},[53,143652,143653],{"class":75},"Email was entered",[53,143655,72],{"class":71},[53,143657,125],{"class":67},[20,143659,772],{},[44,143661,143663],{"className":46,"code":143662,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Email was entered\n",[15,143664,143665],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143666,143667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143668,143662],{"class":59},[20,143670,143671,143672,143674,143675,37],{},"You may also combine ",[15,143673,41008],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[464,143676,143677],{"href":123326},[15,143678,123329],{},[39,143680,2185],{"id":2184},[20,143682,83599],{},[193,143684,143685,143689,143694,143699],{},[196,143686,838,143687,130819],{},[15,143688,41008],{},[196,143690,838,143691,143693],{},[15,143692,41008],{}," to remove text from the middle",[196,143695,7785,143696,143698],{},[15,143697,143567],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[196,143700,4062,143701,143704],{},[15,143702,143703],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,143706,143707],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[44,143709,143711],{"className":46,"code":143710,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,143712,143713,143727,143731,143741,143755,143769],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143714,143715,143717,143719,143721,143723,143725],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143716,34042],{"class":59},[53,143718,64],{"class":63},[53,143720,84],{"class":71},[53,143722,143463],{"class":75},[53,143724,86512],{"class":33807},[53,143726,2715],{"class":71},[53,143728,143729],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143730,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,143732,143733,143735,143737,143739],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143734,132],{"class":131},[53,143736,116],{"class":67},[53,143738,34063],{"class":112},[53,143740,125],{"class":67},[53,143742,143743,143745,143747,143749,143751,143753],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,143744,132],{"class":131},[53,143746,116],{"class":67},[53,143748,41134],{"class":131},[53,143750,116],{"class":67},[53,143752,34063],{"class":112},[53,143754,1377],{"class":67},[53,143756,143757,143759,143761,143763,143765,143767],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,143758,132],{"class":131},[53,143760,116],{"class":67},[53,143762,34063],{"class":112},[53,143764,37],{"class":67},[53,143766,8002],{"class":112},[53,143768,6557],{"class":67},[53,143770,143771,143773,143775,143777,143779,143781,143783,143785],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,143772,132],{"class":131},[53,143774,116],{"class":67},[53,143776,41134],{"class":131},[53,143778,116],{"class":67},[53,143780,34063],{"class":112},[53,143782,37],{"class":67},[53,143784,8002],{"class":112},[53,143786,5652],{"class":67},[20,143788,772],{},[44,143790,143792],{"className":46,"code":143791,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,143793,143794,143799,143803,143813,143817],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143795,143796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143797,143798],{"class":59},"  hello\n",[53,143800,143801],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143802,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,143804,143805,143807,143809,143811],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143806,156],{"class":42684},[53,143808,143463],{"class":42688},[53,143810,86512],{"class":143140},[53,143812,559],{"class":42684},[53,143814,143815],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,143816,137914],{"class":59},[53,143818,143819,143821,143823],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,143820,156],{"class":42684},[53,143822,3206],{"class":42688},[53,143824,559],{"class":42684},[20,143826,143827],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[44,143829,143831],{"className":46,"code":143830,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,143832,143833,143843,143857,143871,143889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,143834,143835,143837,143839,143841],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,143836,132],{"class":131},[53,143838,116],{"class":67},[53,143840,34063],{"class":112},[53,143842,125],{"class":67},[53,143844,143845,143847,143849,143851,143853,143855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,143846,132],{"class":131},[53,143848,116],{"class":67},[53,143850,41134],{"class":131},[53,143852,116],{"class":67},[53,143854,34063],{"class":112},[53,143856,1377],{"class":67},[53,143858,143859,143861,143863,143865,143867,143869],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,143860,132],{"class":131},[53,143862,116],{"class":67},[53,143864,34063],{"class":112},[53,143866,37],{"class":67},[53,143868,8002],{"class":112},[53,143870,6557],{"class":67},[53,143872,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883,143885,143887],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,143874,132],{"class":131},[53,143876,116],{"class":67},[53,143878,41134],{"class":131},[53,143880,116],{"class":67},[53,143882,34063],{"class":112},[53,143884,37],{"class":67},[53,143886,8002],{"class":112},[53,143888,5652],{"class":67},[53,143890,143891,143893,143895,143897,143899,143901],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,143892,31506],{"class":131},[53,143894,116],{"class":67},[53,143896,2801],{"class":550},[53,143898,37],{"class":67},[53,143900,8002],{"class":24104},[53,143902,125],{"class":67},[20,143904,143905,143907],{},[15,143906,121813],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[39,143909,1187],{"id":1186},[599,143911,1191,143913,143915],{"id":143912},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,143914,41008],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,143917,45722,143918,143920],{},[15,143919,41008],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[599,143922,1191,143924,123926],{"id":143923},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,143925,41008],{},[20,143927,143928],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[599,143930,4501,143932,143934],{"id":143931},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,143933,41008],{}," remove by default?",[20,143936,143937],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[599,143939,33559,143941,33562,143943,1222],{"id":143940},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,143942,41008],{},[15,143944,123770],{},[20,143946,143947,143949,143950,143952],{},[15,143948,41008],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,143951,123770],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[599,143954,143956],{"id":143955},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,143958,127472,143959,143961,143962,143964],{},[15,143960,143330],{}," for the left side and ",[15,143963,143333],{}," for the right side.",[39,143966,1244],{"id":1243},[193,143968,143969,143975,143981,143986,143991],{},[196,143970,143971],{},[464,143972,125599,143973,830],{"href":123326},[15,143974,123329],{},[196,143976,143977],{},[464,143978,125599,143979,830],{"href":129180},[15,143980,123770],{},[196,143982,143983],{},[464,143984,143985],{"href":143067},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[196,143987,143988],{},[464,143989,143990],{"href":87165},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[196,143992,143993],{},[464,143994,124354],{"href":50334},[1276,143996,143997],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":143999},[144000,144001,144003,144007,144009,144010,144012,144013,144015,144016,144027],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":142652,"depth":104,"text":144002},"What strip() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":144004},[144005,144006],{"id":142775,"depth":128,"text":142767},{"id":142826,"depth":128,"text":142772},{"id":142900,"depth":104,"text":144008},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143166,"depth":104,"text":143167},{"id":143325,"depth":104,"text":144011},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107702,"depth":104,"text":107703},{"id":143581,"depth":104,"text":144014},"When to use strip()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":144017},[144018,144020,144022,144024,144026],{"id":143912,"depth":128,"text":144019},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":143923,"depth":128,"text":144021},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":143931,"depth":128,"text":144023},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":143940,"depth":128,"text":144025},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":143955,"depth":128,"text":143956},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142573,"description":144028},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144035,"title":144036,"body":144037,"description":145217,"extension":1312,"meta":145218,"navigation":383,"path":145219,"seo":145220,"stem":145221,"__hash__":145222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144038,"toc":145187},[144039,144044,144049,144054,144056,144102,144110,144115,144129,144135,144137,144139,144154,144156,144166,144169,144200,144203,144226,144228,144231,144288,144290,144304,144306,144320,144326,144331,144334,144375,144377,144386,144394,144397,144442,144444,144453,144456,144460,144465,144479,144481,144513,144515,144535,144538,144543,144548,144550,144561,144564,144621,144623,144631,144640,144642,144644,144650,144652,144689,144691,144699,144701,144742,144744,144753,144758,144763,144765,144792,144799,144802,144833,144835,144844,144850,144859,144890,144892,144904,144917,144921,144926,144956,144958,145025,145027,145037,145039,145044,145047,145052,145057,145061,145067,145073,145076,145078,145136,145138,145146,145148,145184],[10,144040,122599,144042,18],{"id":144041},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144043,127477],{},[20,144045,122604,144046,144048],{},[15,144047,127477],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144050,83976,144051,144053],{},[15,144052,127477],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[39,144055,42],{"id":41},[44,144057,144059],{"className":46,"code":144058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144060,144061,144073,144087,144097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144062,144063,144065,144067,144069,144071],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144064,34042],{"class":59},[53,144066,64],{"class":63},[53,144068,84],{"class":71},[53,144070,128318],{"class":75},[53,144072,2715],{"class":71},[53,144074,144075,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144076,1582],{"class":59},[53,144078,64],{"class":63},[53,144080,42197],{"class":59},[53,144082,37],{"class":67},[53,144084,33832],{"class":112},[53,144086,8011],{"class":67},[53,144088,144089,144091,144093,144095],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144090,132],{"class":131},[53,144092,116],{"class":67},[53,144094,1617],{"class":112},[53,144096,125],{"class":67},[53,144098,144099],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,144100,144101],{"class":3024},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144103,144104,144106,144107,144109],{},[15,144105,127477],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[30,144108,461],{}," change the original string in place.",[39,144111,183,144113,186],{"id":144112},"what-upper-does",[15,144114,127477],{},[193,144116,144117,144122,144125,144127],{},[196,144118,144119,144121],{},[15,144120,127477],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[196,144123,144124],{},"It works on string values only",[196,144126,132847],{},[196,144128,135565],{},[20,144130,124351,144131,1219,144133,37],{},[464,144132,135571],{"href":135570},[464,144134,124354],{"href":50334},[39,144136,217],{"id":216},[20,144138,1510],{},[44,144140,144142],{"className":46,"code":144141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"string.upper()\n",[15,144143,144144],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144145,144146,144148,144150,144152],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144147,60533],{"class":59},[53,144149,37],{"class":67},[53,144151,33832],{"class":112},[53,144153,8011],{"class":67},[20,144155,10824],{},[193,144157,144158,144160,144163],{},[196,144159,96879],{},[196,144161,144162],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[196,144164,144165],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144167,144168],{},"Example with a variable:",[44,144170,144172],{"className":46,"code":144171,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144173,144174,144186],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144175,144176,144178,144180,144182,144184],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144177,7242],{"class":59},[53,144179,64],{"class":63},[53,144181,84],{"class":71},[53,144183,48],{"class":75},[53,144185,2715],{"class":71},[53,144187,144188,144190,144192,144194,144196,144198],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144189,132],{"class":131},[53,144191,116],{"class":67},[53,144193,7032],{"class":112},[53,144195,37],{"class":67},[53,144197,33832],{"class":112},[53,144199,6557],{"class":67},[20,144201,144202],{},"Example with a string literal:",[44,144204,144206],{"className":46,"code":144205,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144207,144208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144209,144210,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144211,132],{"class":131},[53,144213,116],{"class":67},[53,144215,72],{"class":71},[53,144217,3206],{"class":75},[53,144219,72],{"class":71},[53,144221,37],{"class":67},[53,144223,33832],{"class":112},[53,144225,6557],{"class":67},[39,144227,337],{"id":336},[20,144229,144230],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[44,144232,144234],{"className":46,"code":144233,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144235,144236,144248,144263,144267,144277],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144237,144238,144240,144242,144244,144246],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144239,5516],{"class":59},[53,144241,64],{"class":63},[53,144243,84],{"class":71},[53,144245,365],{"class":75},[53,144247,2715],{"class":71},[53,144249,144250,144253,144255,144257,144259,144261],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144251,144252],{"class":59},"uppercase_word ",[53,144254,64],{"class":63},[53,144256,37734],{"class":59},[53,144258,37],{"class":67},[53,144260,33832],{"class":112},[53,144262,8011],{"class":67},[53,144264,144265],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144266,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,144268,144269,144271,144273,144275],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,144270,132],{"class":131},[53,144272,116],{"class":67},[53,144274,37744],{"class":112},[53,144276,125],{"class":67},[53,144278,144279,144281,144283,144286],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,144280,132],{"class":131},[53,144282,116],{"class":67},[53,144284,144285],{"class":112},"uppercase_word",[53,144287,125],{"class":67},[20,144289,772],{},[44,144291,144293],{"className":46,"code":144292,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144294,144295,144299],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144296,144297],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144298,69765],{"class":59},[53,144300,144301],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144302,144303],{"class":33807},"BANANA\n",[20,144305,111713],{},[193,144307,144308,144313],{},[196,144309,144310,144312],{},[15,144311,37744],{}," keeps its original value",[196,144314,144315,144317,144318],{},[15,144316,144285],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144319,127477],{},[39,144321,144323,144325],{"id":144322},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144324,127477],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144327,136231,144328,144330],{},[30,144329,136234],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144332,144333],{},"So this method:",[44,144335,144337],{"className":46,"code":144336,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144338,144339,144351,144361,144365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144340,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144342,7242],{"class":59},[53,144344,64],{"class":63},[53,144346,84],{"class":71},[53,144348,17161],{"class":75},[53,144350,2715],{"class":71},[53,144352,144353,144355,144357,144359],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144354,7032],{"class":59},[53,144356,37],{"class":67},[53,144358,33832],{"class":112},[53,144360,8011],{"class":67},[53,144362,144363],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144364,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,144366,144367,144369,144371,144373],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,144368,132],{"class":131},[53,144370,116],{"class":67},[53,144372,7032],{"class":112},[53,144374,125],{"class":67},[20,144376,772],{},[44,144378,144380],{"className":46,"code":144379,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"alice\n",[15,144381,144382],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144383,144384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144385,144379],{"class":59},[20,144387,20334,144388,144390,144391,144393],{},[15,144389,127477],{}," was called, ",[15,144392,7032],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144395,144396],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[44,144398,144400],{"className":46,"code":144399,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144401,144402,144414,144428,144432],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144403,144404,144406,144408,144410,144412],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144405,7242],{"class":59},[53,144407,64],{"class":63},[53,144409,84],{"class":71},[53,144411,17161],{"class":75},[53,144413,2715],{"class":71},[53,144415,144416,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144417,7242],{"class":59},[53,144419,64],{"class":63},[53,144421,35347],{"class":59},[53,144423,37],{"class":67},[53,144425,33832],{"class":112},[53,144427,8011],{"class":67},[53,144429,144430],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144431,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,144433,144434,144436,144438,144440],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,144435,132],{"class":131},[53,144437,116],{"class":67},[53,144439,7032],{"class":112},[53,144441,125],{"class":67},[20,144443,772],{},[44,144445,144447],{"className":46,"code":144446,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ALICE\n",[15,144448,144449],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144450,144451],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144452,144446],{"class":33807},[20,144454,144455],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[39,144457,144459],{"id":144458},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144461,144462,144464],{},[15,144463,127477],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[193,144466,144467,144470,144473,144476],{},[196,144468,144469],{},"Numbers stay the same",[196,144471,144472],{},"Spaces stay the same",[196,144474,144475],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[196,144477,144478],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144480,1559],{},[44,144482,144484],{"className":46,"code":144483,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144485,144486,144499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144487,144488,144490,144492,144494,144497],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144489,34042],{"class":59},[53,144491,64],{"class":63},[53,144493,84],{"class":71},[53,144495,144496],{"class":75},"Room 7, table #3!",[53,144498,2715],{"class":71},[53,144500,144501,144503,144505,144507,144509,144511],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144502,132],{"class":131},[53,144504,116],{"class":67},[53,144506,34063],{"class":112},[53,144508,37],{"class":67},[53,144510,33832],{"class":112},[53,144512,6557],{"class":67},[20,144514,772],{},[44,144516,144518],{"className":46,"code":144517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144519,144520],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144521,144522,144525,144527,144529,144532],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144523,144524],{"class":33807},"ROOM",[53,144526,5355],{"class":273},[53,144528,81],{"class":67},[53,144530,144531],{"class":33807}," TABLE",[53,144533,144534],{"class":3024}," #3!\n",[20,144536,144537],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[39,144539,4319,144541],{"id":144540},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144542,127477],{},[20,144544,144545,144547],{},[15,144546,127477],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144549,47697],{},[193,144551,144552,144555,144558],{},[196,144553,144554],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[196,144556,144557],{},"Format labels or headings",[196,144559,144560],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144562,144563],{},"Example: simple comparison",[44,144565,144567],{"className":46,"code":144566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144568,144569,144581,144585,144607],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144570,144571,144573,144575,144577,144579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144572,135842],{"class":59},[53,144574,64],{"class":63},[53,144576,84],{"class":71},[53,144578,8026],{"class":75},[53,144580,2715],{"class":71},[53,144582,144583],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144584,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,144586,144587,144589,144591,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601,144603,144605],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144588,1106],{"class":1105},[53,144590,135862],{"class":59},[53,144592,37],{"class":67},[53,144594,33832],{"class":112},[53,144596,6729],{"class":67},[53,144598,5770],{"class":63},[53,144600,84],{"class":71},[53,144602,135849],{"class":75},[53,144604,72],{"class":71},[53,144606,1120],{"class":67},[53,144608,144609,144611,144613,144615,144617,144619],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,144610,7435],{"class":131},[53,144612,116],{"class":67},[53,144614,72],{"class":71},[53,144616,143046],{"class":75},[53,144618,72],{"class":71},[53,144620,125],{"class":67},[20,144622,772],{},[44,144624,144625],{"className":46,"code":143055,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,144626,144627],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144628,144629],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144630,143055],{"class":59},[20,144632,144633,144634,1540,144636,1544,144638,37],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144635,8026],{},[15,144637,136635],{},[15,144639,135849],{},[39,144641,2185],{"id":2184},[599,144643,95248],{"id":95247},[20,144645,7483,144646,144649],{},[15,144647,144648],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144651,852],{},[44,144653,144655],{"className":46,"code":144654,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144656,144657,144669,144679],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144658,144659,144661,144663,144665,144667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144660,34042],{"class":59},[53,144662,64],{"class":63},[53,144664,84],{"class":71},[53,144666,3206],{"class":75},[53,144668,2715],{"class":71},[53,144670,144671,144673,144675,144677],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144672,34063],{"class":59},[53,144674,37],{"class":67},[53,144676,33832],{"class":112},[53,144678,8011],{"class":67},[53,144680,144681,144683,144685,144687],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144682,132],{"class":131},[53,144684,116],{"class":67},[53,144686,34063],{"class":112},[53,144688,125],{"class":67},[20,144690,772],{},[44,144692,144693],{"className":46,"code":137914,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,144694,144695],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144696,144697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144698,137914],{"class":59},[20,144700,941],{},[44,144702,144704],{"className":46,"code":144703,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144705,144706,144718,144732],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144707,144708,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144709,34042],{"class":59},[53,144711,64],{"class":63},[53,144713,84],{"class":71},[53,144715,3206],{"class":75},[53,144717,2715],{"class":71},[53,144719,144720,144722,144724,144726,144728,144730],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144721,34042],{"class":59},[53,144723,64],{"class":63},[53,144725,42197],{"class":59},[53,144727,37],{"class":67},[53,144729,33832],{"class":112},[53,144731,8011],{"class":67},[53,144733,144734,144736,144738,144740],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144735,132],{"class":131},[53,144737,116],{"class":67},[53,144739,34063],{"class":112},[53,144741,125],{"class":67},[20,144743,772],{},[44,144745,144747],{"className":46,"code":144746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO\n",[15,144748,144749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144750,144751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144752,144746],{"class":33807},[599,144754,18264,144756,136521],{"id":144755},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,144757,127477],{},[20,144759,144760,144762],{},[15,144761,127477],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,144764,1559],{},[44,144766,144768],{"className":46,"code":144767,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,144769,144770,144778],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144771,144772,144774,144776],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144773,1569],{"class":59},[53,144775,64],{"class":63},[53,144777,124281],{"class":273},[53,144779,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788,144790],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144781,132],{"class":131},[53,144783,116],{"class":67},[53,144785,1592],{"class":112},[53,144787,37],{"class":67},[53,144789,33832],{"class":112},[53,144791,6557],{"class":67},[20,144793,39007,144794,144796,144797,32954],{},[15,144795,1539],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,144798,127477],{},[20,144800,144801],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[44,144803,144805],{"className":46,"code":144804,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,144806,144807,144815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144808,144809,144811,144813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144810,1569],{"class":59},[53,144812,64],{"class":63},[53,144814,124281],{"class":273},[53,144816,144817,144819,144821,144823,144825,144827,144829,144831],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144818,132],{"class":131},[53,144820,116],{"class":67},[53,144822,2801],{"class":550},[53,144824,116],{"class":67},[53,144826,1592],{"class":112},[53,144828,7999],{"class":67},[53,144830,33832],{"class":112},[53,144832,6557],{"class":67},[20,144834,772],{},[44,144836,144838],{"className":46,"code":144837,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"123\n",[15,144839,144840],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144841,144842],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144843,144837],{"class":273},[599,144845,1151,144847,144849],{"id":144846},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,144848,127477],{}," with title case",[20,144851,144852,144854,144855,144858],{},[15,144853,127477],{}," makes ",[30,144856,144857],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[44,144860,144862],{"className":46,"code":144861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144863,144864,144876],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144865,144866,144868,144870,144872,144874],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144867,34042],{"class":59},[53,144869,64],{"class":63},[53,144871,84],{"class":71},[53,144873,59765],{"class":75},[53,144875,2715],{"class":71},[53,144877,144878,144880,144882,144884,144886,144888],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144879,132],{"class":131},[53,144881,116],{"class":67},[53,144883,34063],{"class":112},[53,144885,37],{"class":67},[53,144887,33832],{"class":112},[53,144889,6557],{"class":67},[20,144891,772],{},[44,144893,144895],{"className":46,"code":144894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144896,144897],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144898,144899,144901],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144900,135623],{"class":33807},[53,144902,144903],{"class":33807}," WORLD\n",[20,144905,144906,144907,144911,144912,144916],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[464,144908,144909],{"href":123326},[15,144910,123329],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[464,144913,144914],{"href":129180},[15,144915,123770],{}," changes parts of a string.",[39,144918,144920],{"id":144919},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,144922,144923,144924,191],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,144925,127477],{},[193,144927,144928,144935,144942,144949],{},[196,144929,144930,144934],{},[464,144931,144932],{"href":123326},[15,144933,123329],{}," for lowercase text",[196,144936,144937,144941],{},[464,144938,144939],{"href":136169},[15,144940,41008],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[196,144943,144944,144948],{},[464,144945,144946],{"href":129180},[15,144947,123770],{}," for changing parts of a string",[196,144950,144951,594,144953,144955],{},[15,144952,126967],{},[15,144954,125657],{}," for checks",[20,144957,1559],{},[44,144959,144961],{"className":46,"code":144960,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,144962,144963,144975,144979,144994,145010,145014],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,144964,144965,144967,144969,144971,144973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,144966,34042],{"class":59},[53,144968,64],{"class":63},[53,144970,84],{"class":71},[53,144972,142697],{"class":75},[53,144974,2715],{"class":71},[53,144976,144977],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,144978,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,144980,144981,144984,144986,144988,144990,144992],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,144982,144983],{"class":59},"cleaned ",[53,144985,64],{"class":63},[53,144987,42197],{"class":59},[53,144989,37],{"class":67},[53,144991,8002],{"class":112},[53,144993,8011],{"class":67},[53,144995,144996,144999,145001,145004,145006,145008],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,144997,144998],{"class":59},"loud ",[53,145000,64],{"class":63},[53,145002,145003],{"class":59}," cleaned",[53,145005,37],{"class":67},[53,145007,33832],{"class":112},[53,145009,8011],{"class":67},[53,145011,145012],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,145013,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,145015,145016,145018,145020,145023],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,145017,132],{"class":131},[53,145019,116],{"class":67},[53,145021,145022],{"class":112},"loud",[53,145024,125],{"class":67},[20,145026,772],{},[44,145028,145029],{"className":46,"code":144894,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145030,145031],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145032,145033,145035],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145034,135623],{"class":33807},[53,145036,144903],{"class":33807},[39,145038,1187],{"id":1186},[599,145040,1191,145042,123926],{"id":145041},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145043,127477],{},[20,145045,145046],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[599,145048,1191,145050,136903],{"id":145049},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145051,127477],{},[20,145053,145054,145055,37],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145056,144648],{},[599,145058,145060],{"id":145059},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145062,145063,145064,145066],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145065,127477],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[599,145068,27684,145070,145072],{"id":145069},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145071,127477],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145074,145075],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145077,1559],{},[44,145079,145081],{"className":46,"code":145080,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145082,145083,145095,145108,145112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145084,145085,145087,145089,145091,145093],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145086,1908],{"class":59},[53,145088,64],{"class":63},[53,145090,84],{"class":71},[53,145092,48],{"class":75},[53,145094,2715],{"class":71},[53,145096,145097,145099,145101,145103,145106],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145098,1936],{"class":59},[53,145100,64],{"class":63},[53,145102,84],{"class":71},[53,145104,145105],{"class":75},"PYTHON",[53,145107,2715],{"class":71},[53,145109,145110],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,145111,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,145113,145114,145116,145118,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130,145132,145134],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,145115,132],{"class":131},[53,145117,116],{"class":67},[53,145119,464],{"class":112},[53,145121,37],{"class":67},[53,145123,33832],{"class":112},[53,145125,6729],{"class":67},[53,145127,5770],{"class":63},[53,145129,1913],{"class":112},[53,145131,37],{"class":67},[53,145133,33832],{"class":112},[53,145135,6557],{"class":67},[20,145137,772],{},[44,145139,145140],{"className":46,"code":3340,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145141,145142],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145143,145144],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145145,3340],{"class":938},[39,145147,1244],{"id":1243},[193,145149,145150,145154,145160,145166,145172,145176,145180],{},[196,145151,145152],{},[464,145153,124354],{"href":50334},[196,145155,145156],{},[464,145157,125599,145158,830],{"href":123326},[15,145159,123329],{},[196,145161,145162],{},[464,145163,125599,145164,830],{"href":136169},[15,145165,41008],{},[196,145167,145168],{},[464,145169,125599,145170,830],{"href":129180},[15,145171,123770],{},[196,145173,145174],{},[464,145175,90042],{"href":89051},[196,145177,145178],{},[464,145179,123998],{"href":122854},[196,145181,145182],{},[464,145183,136989],{"href":135570},[1276,145185,145186],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":145188},[145189,145190,145192,145193,145194,145196,145197,145199,145206,145207,145216],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":144112,"depth":104,"text":145191},"What upper() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":144322,"depth":104,"text":145195},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144458,"depth":104,"text":144459},{"id":144540,"depth":104,"text":145198},"When to use upper()",{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":145200},[145201,145202,145204],{"id":95247,"depth":128,"text":95248},{"id":144755,"depth":128,"text":145203},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":144846,"depth":128,"text":145205},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":144919,"depth":104,"text":144920},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":145208},[145209,145211,145213,145214],{"id":145041,"depth":128,"text":145210},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145049,"depth":128,"text":145212},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145059,"depth":128,"text":145060},{"id":145069,"depth":128,"text":145215},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144036,"description":145217},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145224,"title":145225,"body":145226,"description":147103,"extension":1312,"meta":147104,"navigation":383,"path":147105,"seo":147106,"stem":147107,"__hash__":147108},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145227,"toc":147053},[145228,145234,145241,145247,145249,145305,145310,145315,145320,145323,145342,145345,145347,145371,145389,145400,145402,145405,145458,145460,145468,145470,145488,145493,145496,145553,145555,145564,145567,145587,145590,145596,145601,145603,145646,145648,145656,145659,145700,145702,145711,145717,145723,145750,145752,145760,145765,145769,145781,145824,145826,145834,145839,145845,145850,145854,145856,145899,145902,145949,145951,145960,145967,145971,145974,146020,146025,146029,146031,146074,146077,146085,146087,146092,146094,146096,146115,146118,146130,146132,146151,146153,146161,146165,146167,146218,146221,146296,146298,146306,146309,146313,146315,146362,146365,146436,146438,146446,146452,146454,146529,146533,146612,146614,146622,146628,146634,146639,146644,146693,146697,146768,146771,146776,146787,146790,146801,146811,146813,146818,146843,146848,146929,146931,146956,146958,146963,146966,146972,146981,146987,146990,146996,147002,147009,147012,147014,147050],[10,145229,2934,145231,2938],{"id":145230},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145232,145233],{},"sum()",[20,145235,8491,145236,145238,145239,24118],{},[15,145237,145233],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145240,59357],{},[20,145242,145243,145244,145246],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145245,35428],{}," value and a few important limits.",[39,145248,42],{"id":41},[44,145250,145252],{"className":46,"code":145251,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145253,145254,145278,145293],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145255,145256,145258,145260,145262,145264,145266,145268,145270,145272,145274,145276],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145257,266],{"class":59},[53,145259,64],{"class":63},[53,145261,2982],{"class":67},[53,145263,274],{"class":273},[53,145265,81],{"class":67},[53,145267,279],{"class":273},[53,145269,81],{"class":67},[53,145271,284],{"class":273},[53,145273,81],{"class":67},[53,145275,1811],{"class":273},[53,145277,2995],{"class":67},[53,145279,145280,145282,145284,145287,145289,145291],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145281,40537],{"class":59},[53,145283,64],{"class":63},[53,145285,145286],{"class":131}," sum",[53,145288,116],{"class":67},[53,145290,291],{"class":112},[53,145292,125],{"class":67},[53,145294,145295,145297,145299,145301,145303],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,145296,132],{"class":131},[53,145298,116],{"class":67},[53,145300,40566],{"class":112},[53,145302,3021],{"class":67},[53,145304,26150],{"class":3024},[20,145306,174,145307,145309],{},[15,145308,145233],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[39,145311,183,145313,186],{"id":145312},"what-sum-does",[15,145314,145233],{},[20,145316,145317,145319],{},[15,145318,145233],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145321,145322],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[193,145324,145325,145328,145331,145336],{},[196,145326,145327],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[196,145329,145330],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[196,145332,145333,145334],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145335,35552],{},[196,145337,145338,145339,145341],{},"Counting ",[15,145340,2963],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145343,145344],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[39,145346,217],{"id":216},[44,145348,145350],{"className":46,"code":145349,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145351,145352],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145353,145354,145357,145359,145361,145363,145365,145367,145369],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145355,145356],{"class":131},"sum",[53,145358,116],{"class":67},[53,145360,3081],{"class":112},[53,145362,81],{"class":67},[53,145364,35407],{"class":8544},[53,145366,64],{"class":63},[53,145368,1470],{"class":273},[53,145370,125],{"class":67},[193,145372,145373,145378,145383],{},[196,145374,145375,145377],{},[15,145376,3081],{}," is the group of values to add",[196,145379,145380,145382],{},[15,145381,35428],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[196,145384,145385,145386],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145387,145388],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145390,145391,145392,145395,145396,37],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145393,145394,3081],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[464,145397,145398,23971],{"href":35549},[15,145399,35552],{},[39,145401,337],{"id":336},[20,145403,145404],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[44,145406,145408],{"className":46,"code":145407,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145409,145410,145430,145444,145448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145411,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420,145422,145424,145426,145428],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145413,266],{"class":59},[53,145415,64],{"class":63},[53,145417,2982],{"class":67},[53,145419,1487],{"class":273},[53,145421,81],{"class":67},[53,145423,5366],{"class":273},[53,145425,81],{"class":67},[53,145427,37289],{"class":273},[53,145429,2995],{"class":67},[53,145431,145432,145434,145436,145438,145440,145442],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145433,40537],{"class":59},[53,145435,64],{"class":63},[53,145437,145286],{"class":131},[53,145439,116],{"class":67},[53,145441,291],{"class":112},[53,145443,125],{"class":67},[53,145445,145446],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,145447,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,145449,145450,145452,145454,145456],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,145451,132],{"class":131},[53,145453,116],{"class":67},[53,145455,40566],{"class":112},[53,145457,125],{"class":67},[20,145459,772],{},[44,145461,145462],{"className":46,"code":69199,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145463,145464],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145465,145466],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145467,69199],{"class":273},[20,145469,11048],{},[193,145471,145472,145477,145483],{},[196,145473,145474,145476],{},[15,145475,291],{}," contains three integers",[196,145478,145479,145482],{},[15,145480,145481],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[196,145484,145485,145486],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145487,40566],{},[39,145489,35965,145491,7801],{"id":145490},"using-the-start-value",[15,145492,35428],{},[20,145494,145495],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[44,145497,145499],{"className":46,"code":145498,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145500,145501,145521,145539,145543],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145502,145503,145505,145507,145509,145511,145513,145515,145517,145519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145504,266],{"class":59},[53,145506,64],{"class":63},[53,145508,2982],{"class":67},[53,145510,274],{"class":273},[53,145512,81],{"class":67},[53,145514,279],{"class":273},[53,145516,81],{"class":67},[53,145518,284],{"class":273},[53,145520,2995],{"class":67},[53,145522,145523,145525,145527,145529,145531,145533,145535,145537],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145524,40537],{"class":59},[53,145526,64],{"class":63},[53,145528,145286],{"class":131},[53,145530,116],{"class":67},[53,145532,291],{"class":112},[53,145534,81],{"class":67},[53,145536,5366],{"class":273},[53,145538,125],{"class":67},[53,145540,145541],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,145542,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,145544,145545,145547,145549,145551],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,145546,132],{"class":131},[53,145548,116],{"class":67},[53,145550,40566],{"class":112},[53,145552,125],{"class":67},[20,145554,772],{},[44,145556,145558],{"className":46,"code":145557,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"16\n",[15,145559,145560],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145561,145562],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145563,145557],{"class":273},[20,145565,145566],{},"This works like:",[193,145568,145569,145574,145579,145583],{},[196,145570,145571,145572],{},"Start at ",[15,145573,1684],{},[196,145575,145576,145577],{},"Add ",[15,145578,274],{},[196,145580,145576,145581],{},[15,145582,300],{},[196,145584,145576,145585],{},[15,145586,1412],{},[20,145588,145589],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[39,145591,183,145593,145595],{"id":145592},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145594,145233],{}," can work with",[20,145597,145598,145600],{},[15,145599,145233],{}," works with numeric values.",[599,145602,39779],{"id":39778},[44,145604,145606],{"className":46,"code":145605,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145607,145608,145632],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145609,145610,145612,145614,145616,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626,145628,145630],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145611,3183],{"class":59},[53,145613,64],{"class":63},[53,145615,2982],{"class":67},[53,145617,274],{"class":273},[53,145619,81],{"class":67},[53,145621,279],{"class":273},[53,145623,81],{"class":67},[53,145625,284],{"class":273},[53,145627,81],{"class":67},[53,145629,1811],{"class":273},[53,145631,2995],{"class":67},[53,145633,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145635,132],{"class":131},[53,145637,116],{"class":67},[53,145639,145356],{"class":131},[53,145641,116],{"class":67},[53,145643,4718],{"class":112},[53,145645,1377],{"class":67},[20,145647,772],{},[44,145649,145650],{"className":46,"code":1730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145651,145652],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145653,145654],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145655,1730],{"class":273},[599,145657,145658],{"id":51405},"Floats",[44,145660,145662],{"className":46,"code":145661,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,145663,145664,145686],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145665,145666,145668,145670,145672,145674,145676,145679,145681,145684],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145667,82407],{"class":59},[53,145669,64],{"class":63},[53,145671,2982],{"class":67},[53,145673,40513],{"class":273},[53,145675,81],{"class":67},[53,145677,145678],{"class":273}," 3.75",[53,145680,81],{"class":67},[53,145682,145683],{"class":273}," 1.25",[53,145685,2995],{"class":67},[53,145687,145688,145690,145692,145694,145696,145698],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145689,132],{"class":131},[53,145691,116],{"class":67},[53,145693,145356],{"class":131},[53,145695,116],{"class":67},[53,145697,82443],{"class":112},[53,145699,1377],{"class":67},[20,145701,772],{},[44,145703,145705],{"className":46,"code":145704,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"7.5\n",[15,145706,145707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145708,145709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145710,145704],{"class":273},[20,145712,145713,145714,37],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[464,145715,145716],{"href":1773},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[599,145718,145720,145721],{"id":145719},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,145722,35552],{},[44,145724,145726],{"className":46,"code":145725,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,145727,145728],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145729,145730,145732,145734,145736,145738,145740,145742,145744,145746,145748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145731,132],{"class":131},[53,145733,116],{"class":67},[53,145735,145356],{"class":131},[53,145737,116],{"class":67},[53,145739,59357],{"class":131},[53,145741,116],{"class":67},[53,145743,274],{"class":273},[53,145745,81],{"class":67},[53,145747,36996],{"class":273},[53,145749,2267],{"class":67},[20,145751,772],{},[44,145753,145754],{"className":46,"code":46398,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145755,145756],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145757,145758],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145759,46398],{"class":273},[20,145761,112803,145762,37],{},[15,145763,145764],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[599,145766,145768],{"id":145767},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,145770,145771,145772,145774,145775,594,145777,145774,145779,37],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,145773,2963],{}," acts like ",[15,145776,274],{},[15,145778,3035],{},[15,145780,1470],{},[44,145782,145784],{"className":46,"code":145783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,145785,145786,145810],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145787,145788,145790,145792,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804,145806,145808],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145789,51325],{"class":59},[53,145791,64],{"class":63},[53,145793,2982],{"class":67},[53,145795,2963],{"class":938},[53,145797,81],{"class":67},[53,145799,3267],{"class":938},[53,145801,81],{"class":67},[53,145803,3276],{"class":938},[53,145805,81],{"class":67},[53,145807,3276],{"class":938},[53,145809,2995],{"class":67},[53,145811,145812,145814,145816,145818,145820,145822],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145813,132],{"class":131},[53,145815,116],{"class":67},[53,145817,145356],{"class":131},[53,145819,116],{"class":67},[53,145821,51378],{"class":112},[53,145823,1377],{"class":67},[20,145825,772],{},[44,145827,145828],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,145829,145830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145831,145832],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145833,45974],{"class":273},[20,145835,145836,145837,37],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,145838,2963],{},[39,145840,183,145842,145844],{"id":145841},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,145843,145233],{}," does not work with",[20,145846,145847,145849],{},[15,145848,145233],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[599,145851,145853],{"id":145852},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,145855,2192],{},[44,145857,145859],{"className":46,"code":145858,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,145860,145861,145885],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145862,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881,145883],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145864,3431],{"class":59},[53,145866,64],{"class":63},[53,145868,2982],{"class":67},[53,145870,72],{"class":71},[53,145872,3206],{"class":75},[53,145874,72],{"class":71},[53,145876,81],{"class":67},[53,145878,84],{"class":71},[53,145880,59950],{"class":75},[53,145882,72],{"class":71},[53,145884,2995],{"class":67},[53,145886,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145888,132],{"class":131},[53,145890,116],{"class":67},[53,145892,145356],{"class":131},[53,145894,116],{"class":67},[53,145896,3473],{"class":112},[53,145898,1377],{"class":67},[20,145900,145901],{},"Use string joining instead:",[44,145903,145905],{"className":46,"code":145904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,145906,145907,145931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145908,145909,145911,145913,145915,145917,145919,145921,145923,145925,145927,145929],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145910,3431],{"class":59},[53,145912,64],{"class":63},[53,145914,2982],{"class":67},[53,145916,72],{"class":71},[53,145918,3206],{"class":75},[53,145920,72],{"class":71},[53,145922,81],{"class":67},[53,145924,84],{"class":71},[53,145926,59950],{"class":75},[53,145928,72],{"class":71},[53,145930,2995],{"class":67},[53,145932,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,145934,132],{"class":131},[53,145936,116],{"class":67},[53,145938,5634],{"class":71},[53,145940,37],{"class":67},[53,145942,132758],{"class":112},[53,145944,116],{"class":67},[53,145946,3473],{"class":112},[53,145948,1377],{"class":67},[20,145950,772],{},[44,145952,145954],{"className":46,"code":145953,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"helloworld\n",[15,145955,145956],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145957,145958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145959,145953],{"class":59},[20,145961,145962,145963,37],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[464,145964,145965,5144],{"href":41530},[15,145966,47041],{},[599,145968,145970],{"id":145969},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,145972,145973],{},"This also causes an error:",[44,145975,145977],{"className":46,"code":145976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,145978,145979,146006],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,145980,145981,145984,145986,145988,145990,145992,145994,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,145982,145983],{"class":59},"lists ",[53,145985,64],{"class":63},[53,145987,55651],{"class":67},[53,145989,274],{"class":273},[53,145991,81],{"class":67},[53,145993,279],{"class":273},[53,145995,17420],{"class":67},[53,145997,2982],{"class":67},[53,145999,1412],{"class":273},[53,146001,81],{"class":67},[53,146003,1811],{"class":273},[53,146005,52601],{"class":67},[53,146007,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146018],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146009,132],{"class":131},[53,146011,116],{"class":67},[53,146013,145356],{"class":131},[53,146015,116],{"class":67},[53,146017,4659],{"class":112},[53,146019,1377],{"class":67},[20,146021,146022,146024],{},[15,146023,145233],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[599,146026,146028],{"id":146027},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146030,4832],{},[44,146032,146034],{"className":46,"code":146033,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146035,146036,146060],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146037,146038,146040,146042,146044,146046,146048,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146039,3183],{"class":59},[53,146041,64],{"class":63},[53,146043,2982],{"class":67},[53,146045,274],{"class":273},[53,146047,81],{"class":67},[53,146049,279],{"class":273},[53,146051,81],{"class":67},[53,146053,84],{"class":71},[53,146055,1412],{"class":75},[53,146057,72],{"class":71},[53,146059,2995],{"class":67},[53,146061,146062,146064,146066,146068,146070,146072],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146063,132],{"class":131},[53,146065,116],{"class":67},[53,146067,145356],{"class":131},[53,146069,116],{"class":67},[53,146071,4718],{"class":112},[53,146073,1377],{"class":67},[20,146075,146076],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146078,146079,146080,146082,146083,37],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146081,65304],{},", convert them first. See ",[464,146084,2318],{"href":2317},[39,146086,40859],{"id":40858},[20,146088,146089,146090,37],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146091,145233],{},[599,146093,5887],{"id":5886},[20,146095,3883],{},[44,146097,146099],{"className":46,"code":146098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146100,146101],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146102,146103,146105,146107,146109,146111,146113],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146104,132],{"class":131},[53,146106,116],{"class":67},[53,146108,145356],{"class":131},[53,146110,116],{"class":67},[53,146112,1487],{"class":273},[53,146114,1377],{"class":67},[20,146116,146117],{},"Why it fails:",[193,146119,146120,146125],{},[196,146121,146122,146124],{},[15,146123,1487],{}," is a single integer",[196,146126,146127,146129],{},[15,146128,145233],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146131,5917],{},[44,146133,146135],{"className":46,"code":146134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146136,146137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146138,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147,146149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146140,132],{"class":131},[53,146142,116],{"class":67},[53,146144,145356],{"class":131},[53,146146,2341],{"class":67},[53,146148,1487],{"class":273},[53,146150,2354],{"class":67},[20,146152,772],{},[44,146154,146155],{"className":46,"code":2302,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146156,146157],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146158,146159],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146160,2302],{"class":273},[599,146162,146164],{"id":146163},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146166,3883],{},[44,146168,146170],{"className":46,"code":146169,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146171,146172,146204],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146173,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184,146186,146188,146190,146192,146194,146196,146198,146200,146202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146175,3183],{"class":59},[53,146177,64],{"class":63},[53,146179,2982],{"class":67},[53,146181,72],{"class":71},[53,146183,274],{"class":75},[53,146185,72],{"class":71},[53,146187,81],{"class":67},[53,146189,84],{"class":71},[53,146191,300],{"class":75},[53,146193,72],{"class":71},[53,146195,81],{"class":67},[53,146197,84],{"class":71},[53,146199,1412],{"class":75},[53,146201,72],{"class":71},[53,146203,2995],{"class":67},[53,146205,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146207,132],{"class":131},[53,146209,116],{"class":67},[53,146211,145356],{"class":131},[53,146213,116],{"class":67},[53,146215,4718],{"class":112},[53,146217,1377],{"class":67},[20,146219,146220],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[44,146222,146224],{"className":46,"code":146223,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146225,146226,146258,146286],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146227,146228,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240,146242,146244,146246,146248,146250,146252,146254,146256],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146229,3183],{"class":59},[53,146231,64],{"class":63},[53,146233,2982],{"class":67},[53,146235,72],{"class":71},[53,146237,274],{"class":75},[53,146239,72],{"class":71},[53,146241,81],{"class":67},[53,146243,84],{"class":71},[53,146245,300],{"class":75},[53,146247,72],{"class":71},[53,146249,81],{"class":67},[53,146251,84],{"class":71},[53,146253,1412],{"class":75},[53,146255,72],{"class":71},[53,146257,2995],{"class":67},[53,146259,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272,146274,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146261,40537],{"class":59},[53,146263,64],{"class":63},[53,146265,145286],{"class":131},[53,146267,116],{"class":67},[53,146269,1539],{"class":550},[53,146271,116],{"class":67},[53,146273,1524],{"class":112},[53,146275,3021],{"class":67},[53,146277,3237],{"class":1105},[53,146279,3240],{"class":112},[53,146281,1067],{"class":1105},[53,146283,3245],{"class":112},[53,146285,125],{"class":67},[53,146287,146288,146290,146292,146294],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,146289,132],{"class":131},[53,146291,116],{"class":67},[53,146293,40566],{"class":112},[53,146295,125],{"class":67},[20,146297,772],{},[44,146299,146300],{"className":46,"code":2009,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146301,146302],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146303,146304],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146305,2009],{"class":273},[20,146307,146308],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[599,146310,146312],{"id":146311},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146314,3883],{},[44,146316,146318],{"className":46,"code":146317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146319,146320,146348],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146321,146322,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344,146346],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146323,3183],{"class":59},[53,146325,64],{"class":63},[53,146327,2982],{"class":67},[53,146329,274],{"class":273},[53,146331,81],{"class":67},[53,146333,279],{"class":273},[53,146335,81],{"class":67},[53,146337,84],{"class":71},[53,146339,1412],{"class":75},[53,146341,72],{"class":71},[53,146343,81],{"class":67},[53,146345,1811],{"class":273},[53,146347,2995],{"class":67},[53,146349,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146351,132],{"class":131},[53,146353,116],{"class":67},[53,146355,145356],{"class":131},[53,146357,116],{"class":67},[53,146359,4718],{"class":112},[53,146361,1377],{"class":67},[20,146363,146364],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[44,146366,146368],{"className":46,"code":146367,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146369,146370,146398,146426],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146371,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146373,3183],{"class":59},[53,146375,64],{"class":63},[53,146377,2982],{"class":67},[53,146379,274],{"class":273},[53,146381,81],{"class":67},[53,146383,279],{"class":273},[53,146385,81],{"class":67},[53,146387,84],{"class":71},[53,146389,1412],{"class":75},[53,146391,72],{"class":71},[53,146393,81],{"class":67},[53,146395,1811],{"class":273},[53,146397,2995],{"class":67},[53,146399,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420,146422,146424],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146401,40537],{"class":59},[53,146403,64],{"class":63},[53,146405,145286],{"class":131},[53,146407,116],{"class":67},[53,146409,1539],{"class":550},[53,146411,116],{"class":67},[53,146413,1524],{"class":112},[53,146415,3021],{"class":67},[53,146417,3237],{"class":1105},[53,146419,3240],{"class":112},[53,146421,1067],{"class":1105},[53,146423,3245],{"class":112},[53,146425,125],{"class":67},[53,146427,146428,146430,146432,146434],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,146429,132],{"class":131},[53,146431,116],{"class":67},[53,146433,40566],{"class":112},[53,146435,125],{"class":67},[20,146437,772],{},[44,146439,146440],{"className":46,"code":1730,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146441,146442],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146443,146444],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146445,1730],{"class":273},[599,146447,7785,146449,146451],{"id":146448},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146450,145233],{}," to join text",[20,146453,3883],{},[44,146455,146457],{"className":46,"code":146456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146458,146459,146515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146460,146461,146463,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475,146477,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489,146491,146493,146495,146497,146499,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511,146513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146462,620],{"class":59},[53,146464,64],{"class":63},[53,146466,2982],{"class":67},[53,146468,72],{"class":71},[53,146470,133357],{"class":75},[53,146472,72],{"class":71},[53,146474,81],{"class":67},[53,146476,84],{"class":71},[53,146478,11110],{"class":75},[53,146480,72],{"class":71},[53,146482,81],{"class":67},[53,146484,84],{"class":71},[53,146486,62646],{"class":75},[53,146488,72],{"class":71},[53,146490,81],{"class":67},[53,146492,84],{"class":71},[53,146494,59797],{"class":75},[53,146496,72],{"class":71},[53,146498,81],{"class":67},[53,146500,84],{"class":71},[53,146502,59832],{"class":75},[53,146504,72],{"class":71},[53,146506,81],{"class":67},[53,146508,84],{"class":71},[53,146510,75389],{"class":75},[53,146512,72],{"class":71},[53,146514,2995],{"class":67},[53,146516,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146518,132],{"class":131},[53,146520,116],{"class":67},[53,146522,145356],{"class":131},[53,146524,116],{"class":67},[53,146526,655],{"class":112},[53,146528,1377],{"class":67},[20,146530,174,146531,59891],{},[15,146532,132681],{},[44,146534,146536],{"className":46,"code":146535,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146537,146538,146594],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146539,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564,146566,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146541,620],{"class":59},[53,146543,64],{"class":63},[53,146545,2982],{"class":67},[53,146547,72],{"class":71},[53,146549,133357],{"class":75},[53,146551,72],{"class":71},[53,146553,81],{"class":67},[53,146555,84],{"class":71},[53,146557,11110],{"class":75},[53,146559,72],{"class":71},[53,146561,81],{"class":67},[53,146563,84],{"class":71},[53,146565,62646],{"class":75},[53,146567,72],{"class":71},[53,146569,81],{"class":67},[53,146571,84],{"class":71},[53,146573,59797],{"class":75},[53,146575,72],{"class":71},[53,146577,81],{"class":67},[53,146579,84],{"class":71},[53,146581,59832],{"class":75},[53,146583,72],{"class":71},[53,146585,81],{"class":67},[53,146587,84],{"class":71},[53,146589,75389],{"class":75},[53,146591,72],{"class":71},[53,146593,2995],{"class":67},[53,146595,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146597,132],{"class":131},[53,146599,116],{"class":67},[53,146601,5634],{"class":71},[53,146603,37],{"class":67},[53,146605,132758],{"class":112},[53,146607,116],{"class":67},[53,146609,655],{"class":112},[53,146611,1377],{"class":67},[20,146613,772],{},[44,146615,146616],{"className":46,"code":133438,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,146617,146618],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146619,146620],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146621,133438],{"class":59},[20,146623,146624,146625,37],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[464,146626,146627],{"href":134519},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[39,146629,146631,146633],{"id":146630},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146632,145233],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146635,146636,146638],{},[15,146637,145233],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[599,146640,7785,146642],{"id":146641},"using-sum",[15,146643,145233],{},[44,146645,146647],{"className":46,"code":146646,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146648,146649,146669,146683],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146650,146651,146653,146655,146657,146659,146661,146663,146665,146667],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146652,266],{"class":59},[53,146654,64],{"class":63},[53,146656,2982],{"class":67},[53,146658,1858],{"class":273},[53,146660,81],{"class":67},[53,146662,5355],{"class":273},[53,146664,81],{"class":67},[53,146666,53495],{"class":273},[53,146668,2995],{"class":67},[53,146670,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146672,40537],{"class":59},[53,146674,64],{"class":63},[53,146676,145286],{"class":131},[53,146678,116],{"class":67},[53,146680,291],{"class":112},[53,146682,125],{"class":67},[53,146684,146685,146687,146689,146691],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,146686,132],{"class":131},[53,146688,116],{"class":67},[53,146690,40566],{"class":112},[53,146692,125],{"class":67},[599,146694,146696],{"id":146695},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[44,146698,146700],{"className":46,"code":146699,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,146701,146702,146722,146730,146734,146746,146754,146758],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146703,146704,146706,146708,146710,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146705,266],{"class":59},[53,146707,64],{"class":63},[53,146709,2982],{"class":67},[53,146711,1858],{"class":273},[53,146713,81],{"class":67},[53,146715,5355],{"class":273},[53,146717,81],{"class":67},[53,146719,53495],{"class":273},[53,146721,2995],{"class":67},[53,146723,146724,146726,146728],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146725,40537],{"class":59},[53,146727,64],{"class":63},[53,146729,37866],{"class":273},[53,146731,146732],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,146733,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,146735,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,146737,5319],{"class":1105},[53,146739,5749],{"class":59},[53,146741,1067],{"class":1105},[53,146743,3622],{"class":59},[53,146745,1120],{"class":67},[53,146747,146748,146750,146752],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,146749,89466],{"class":59},[53,146751,89469],{"class":63},[53,146753,89472],{"class":59},[53,146755,146756],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,146757,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,146759,146760,146762,146764,146766],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,146761,132],{"class":131},[53,146763,116],{"class":67},[53,146765,40566],{"class":112},[53,146767,125],{"class":67},[20,146769,146770],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,146772,1842,146773,146775],{},[15,146774,145233],{}," is often better:",[193,146777,146778,146781,146784],{},[196,146779,146780],{},"Shorter code",[196,146782,146783],{},"Easier to read",[196,146785,146786],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,146788,146789],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[193,146791,146792,146795,146798],{},[196,146793,146794],{},"You need to skip some values",[196,146796,146797],{},"You need extra checks",[196,146799,146800],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,146802,146803,146804,146807,146808,146810],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[464,146805,146806],{"href":39362},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,146809,145233],{}," on the filtered result.",[39,146812,2185],{"id":2184},[20,146814,146815,146816,191],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,146817,145233],{},[193,146819,146820,146826,146833,146840],{},[196,146821,146822,146823],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,146824,146825],{},"sum(5)",[196,146827,146828,146829,146832],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,146830,146831],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[196,146834,7785,146835,146837,146838],{},[15,146836,145233],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,146839,132681],{},[196,146841,146842],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,146844,8243,146845,146847],{},[15,146846,145233],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[44,146849,146851],{"className":46,"code":146850,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,146852,146853,146863,146877,146901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,146854,146855,146857,146859,146861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,146856,132],{"class":131},[53,146858,116],{"class":67},[53,146860,4718],{"class":112},[53,146862,125],{"class":67},[53,146864,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,146866,132],{"class":131},[53,146868,116],{"class":67},[53,146870,2578],{"class":550},[53,146872,116],{"class":67},[53,146874,4718],{"class":112},[53,146876,1377],{"class":67},[53,146878,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,146880,132],{"class":131},[53,146882,2341],{"class":67},[53,146884,2578],{"class":550},[53,146886,116],{"class":67},[53,146888,1524],{"class":112},[53,146890,3021],{"class":67},[53,146892,3237],{"class":1105},[53,146894,3240],{"class":112},[53,146896,1067],{"class":1105},[53,146898,3245],{"class":112},[53,146900,3248],{"class":67},[53,146902,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,146904,132],{"class":131},[53,146906,116],{"class":67},[53,146908,145356],{"class":131},[53,146910,2341],{"class":67},[53,146912,1539],{"class":550},[53,146914,116],{"class":67},[53,146916,1524],{"class":112},[53,146918,3021],{"class":67},[53,146920,3237],{"class":1105},[53,146922,3240],{"class":112},[53,146924,1067],{"class":1105},[53,146926,3245],{"class":112},[53,146928,2354],{"class":67},[20,146930,135252],{},[193,146932,146933,146939,146945,146950],{},[196,146934,146935,146938],{},[15,146936,146937],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[196,146940,146941,146944],{},[15,146942,146943],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[196,146946,146947,135274],{},[15,146948,146949],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[196,146951,146952,146955],{},[15,146953,146954],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[39,146957,1187],{"id":1186},[599,146959,4501,146961,4504],{"id":146960},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,146962,145233],{},[20,146964,146965],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[599,146967,1234,146969,146971],{"id":146968},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,146970,145233],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,146973,29625,146974,1219,146977,146980],{},[15,146975,146976],{},"''.join(...)",[15,146978,146979],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[599,146982,1234,146984,146986],{"id":146983},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,146985,145233],{}," work with floats?",[20,146988,146989],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[599,146991,146993,146994,1222],{"id":146992},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,146995,145233],{},[20,146997,146998,146999,147001],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147000,35428],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[599,147003,4517,147005,118637,147007,1222],{"id":147004},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147006,145233],{},[15,147008,2360],{},[20,147010,147011],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[39,147013,1244],{"id":1243},[193,147015,147016,147020,147026,147032,147038,147042,147046],{},[196,147017,147018],{},[464,147019,145716],{"href":1773},[196,147021,147022],{},[464,147023,2934,147024,2867],{"href":35549},[15,147025,35552],{},[196,147027,147028],{},[464,147029,2934,147030,2867],{"href":41713},[15,147031,41716],{},[196,147033,147034],{},[464,147035,2934,147036,2867],{"href":41530},[15,147037,47041],{},[196,147039,147040],{},[464,147041,4580],{"href":39362},[196,147043,147044],{},[464,147045,2884],{"href":2317},[196,147047,147048],{},[464,147049,146627],{"href":134519},[1276,147051,147052],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":147054},[147055,147056,147058,147059,147060,147062,147070,147076,147083,147089,147090,147102],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":145312,"depth":104,"text":147057},"What sum() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":145490,"depth":104,"text":147061},"Using the start value",{"id":145592,"depth":104,"text":147063,"children":147064},"What sum() can work with",[147065,147066,147067,147069],{"id":39778,"depth":128,"text":39779},{"id":51405,"depth":128,"text":145658},{"id":145719,"depth":128,"text":147068},"Values from range()",{"id":145767,"depth":128,"text":145768},{"id":145841,"depth":104,"text":147071,"children":147072},"What sum() does not work with",[147073,147074,147075],{"id":145852,"depth":128,"text":145853},{"id":145969,"depth":128,"text":145970},{"id":146027,"depth":128,"text":146028},{"id":40858,"depth":104,"text":40859,"children":147077},[147078,147079,147080,147081],{"id":5886,"depth":128,"text":5887},{"id":146163,"depth":128,"text":146164},{"id":146311,"depth":128,"text":146312},{"id":146448,"depth":128,"text":147082},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146630,"depth":104,"text":147084,"children":147085},"sum() vs manual loop",[147086,147088],{"id":146641,"depth":128,"text":147087},"Using sum()",{"id":146695,"depth":128,"text":146696},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":147091},[147092,147094,147096,147098,147100],{"id":146960,"depth":128,"text":147093},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":146968,"depth":128,"text":147095},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":146983,"depth":128,"text":147097},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":146992,"depth":128,"text":147099},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147004,"depth":128,"text":147101},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145225,"description":147103},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147110,"title":147111,"body":147112,"description":148514,"extension":1312,"meta":148515,"navigation":383,"path":148516,"seo":148517,"stem":148518,"__hash__":148519},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147113,"toc":148482},[147114,147120,147126,147129,147192,147198,147203,147207,147224,147238,147242,147262,147276,147278,147371,147373,147387,147389,147392,147481,147483,147491,147500,147502,147506,147527,147529,147621,147623,147644,147646,147650,147664,147666,147740,147742,147761,147765,147768,147791,147793,147904,147911,147919,147921,147927,147930,147973,147976,147999,148007,148011,148086,148092,148117,148124,148127,148130,148134,148139,148227,148235,148239,148242,148267,148271,148332,148336,148385,148395,148397,148402,148405,148411,148414,148418,148422,148428,148431,148439,148447,148449,148479],[10,147115,147117,147118,18],{"id":147116},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147119,56648],{},[20,147121,147122,147125],{},[15,147123,147124],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147127,147128],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[44,147130,147132],{"className":46,"code":147131,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147133,147134,147162,147180],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147135,147136,147138,147140,147142,147144,147146,147148,147150,147152,147154,147156,147158,147160],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147137,266],{"class":59},[53,147139,64],{"class":63},[53,147141,8605],{"class":67},[53,147143,274],{"class":273},[53,147145,81],{"class":67},[53,147147,279],{"class":273},[53,147149,81],{"class":67},[53,147151,279],{"class":273},[53,147153,81],{"class":67},[53,147155,284],{"class":273},[53,147157,81],{"class":67},[53,147159,279],{"class":273},[53,147161,125],{"class":67},[53,147163,147164,147166,147168,147170,147172,147174,147176,147178],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147165,1582],{"class":59},[53,147167,64],{"class":63},[53,147169,3622],{"class":59},[53,147171,37],{"class":67},[53,147173,40614],{"class":112},[53,147175,116],{"class":67},[53,147177,300],{"class":273},[53,147179,125],{"class":67},[53,147181,147182,147184,147186,147188,147190],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,147183,132],{"class":131},[53,147185,116],{"class":67},[53,147187,1617],{"class":112},[53,147189,3021],{"class":67},[53,147191,50129],{"class":3024},[20,147193,174,147194,147197],{},[15,147195,147196],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[39,147199,183,147201,186],{"id":147200},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147202,147124],{},[20,147204,147205,191],{},[15,147206,147196],{},[193,147208,147209,147215,147218,147221],{},[196,147210,147211,147212,147214],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147213,236],{}," appears in the tuple",[196,147216,147217],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[196,147219,147220],{},"Returns an integer",[196,147222,147223],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147225,147226,147227,147229,147230,1219,147234,37],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147228,56648],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[464,147231,147233],{"href":147232},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[464,147235,147237],{"href":147236},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[39,147239,147241],{"id":147240},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[44,147243,147245],{"className":46,"code":147244,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147246,147247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147248,147249,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147250,147251],{"class":59},"my_tuple",[53,147253,37],{"class":67},[53,147255,40614],{"class":112},[53,147257,116],{"class":67},[53,147259,236],{"class":112},[53,147261,125],{"class":67},[193,147263,147264,147268,147271],{},[196,147265,147266,56813],{},[15,147267,236],{},[196,147269,147270],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[196,147272,147273,147274],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147275,1470],{},[599,147277,102449],{"id":102448},[44,147279,147281],{"className":46,"code":147280,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147282,147283,147323,147347],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147284,147285,147287,147289,147291,147293,147295,147297,147299,147301,147303,147305,147307,147309,147311,147313,147315,147317,147319,147321],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147286,60],{"class":59},[53,147288,64],{"class":63},[53,147290,8605],{"class":67},[53,147292,72],{"class":71},[53,147294,76],{"class":75},[53,147296,72],{"class":71},[53,147298,81],{"class":67},[53,147300,84],{"class":71},[53,147302,87],{"class":75},[53,147304,72],{"class":71},[53,147306,81],{"class":67},[53,147308,84],{"class":71},[53,147310,76],{"class":75},[53,147312,72],{"class":71},[53,147314,81],{"class":67},[53,147316,84],{"class":71},[53,147318,96],{"class":75},[53,147320,72],{"class":71},[53,147322,125],{"class":67},[53,147324,147325,147327,147329,147331,147333,147335,147337,147339,147341,147343,147345],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147326,132],{"class":131},[53,147328,116],{"class":67},[53,147330,107],{"class":112},[53,147332,37],{"class":67},[53,147334,40614],{"class":112},[53,147336,116],{"class":67},[53,147338,72],{"class":71},[53,147340,76],{"class":75},[53,147342,72],{"class":71},[53,147344,4721],{"class":67},[53,147346,57003],{"class":3024},[53,147348,147349,147351,147353,147355,147357,147359,147361,147363,147365,147367,147369],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,147350,132],{"class":131},[53,147352,116],{"class":67},[53,147354,107],{"class":112},[53,147356,37],{"class":67},[53,147358,40614],{"class":112},[53,147360,116],{"class":67},[53,147362,72],{"class":71},[53,147364,531],{"class":75},[53,147366,72],{"class":71},[53,147368,4721],{"class":67},[53,147370,50606],{"class":3024},[20,147372,19313],{},[193,147374,147375,147380],{},[196,147376,147377,147379],{},[15,147378,64751],{}," appears 2 times",[196,147381,147382,147384,147385],{},[15,147383,565],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147386,1470],{},[39,147388,337],{"id":336},[20,147390,147391],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[44,147393,147395],{"className":46,"code":147394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147396,147397,147445,147449,147471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147398,147399,147401,147403,147405,147407,147409,147411,147413,147415,147417,147419,147421,147423,147425,147427,147429,147431,147433,147435,147437,147439,147441,147443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147400,347],{"class":59},[53,147402,64],{"class":63},[53,147404,8605],{"class":67},[53,147406,72],{"class":71},[53,147408,356],{"class":75},[53,147410,72],{"class":71},[53,147412,81],{"class":67},[53,147414,84],{"class":71},[53,147416,365],{"class":75},[53,147418,72],{"class":71},[53,147420,81],{"class":67},[53,147422,84],{"class":71},[53,147424,356],{"class":75},[53,147426,72],{"class":71},[53,147428,81],{"class":67},[53,147430,84],{"class":71},[53,147432,374],{"class":75},[53,147434,72],{"class":71},[53,147436,81],{"class":67},[53,147438,84],{"class":71},[53,147440,356],{"class":75},[53,147442,72],{"class":71},[53,147444,125],{"class":67},[53,147446,147447],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147448,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,147450,147451,147453,147455,147457,147459,147461,147463,147465,147467,147469],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,147452,1582],{"class":59},[53,147454,64],{"class":63},[53,147456,52210],{"class":59},[53,147458,37],{"class":67},[53,147460,40614],{"class":112},[53,147462,116],{"class":67},[53,147464,72],{"class":71},[53,147466,356],{"class":75},[53,147468,72],{"class":71},[53,147470,125],{"class":67},[53,147472,147473,147475,147477,147479],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,147474,132],{"class":131},[53,147476,116],{"class":67},[53,147478,1617],{"class":112},[53,147480,125],{"class":67},[20,147482,772],{},[44,147484,147485],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,147486,147487],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147488,147489],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147490,45974],{"class":273},[20,147492,147493,147495,147496,1751,147498,37],{},[15,147494,57191],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147497,56648],{},[15,147499,1412],{},[39,147501,37373],{"id":37372},[20,147503,56902,147504,127987],{},[15,147505,56648],{},[193,147507,147508,147513,147518,147521],{},[196,147509,10789,147510,147512],{},[15,147511,1470],{}," when the value does not exist",[196,147514,10789,147515,147517],{},[15,147516,274],{}," when the value appears once",[196,147519,147520],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[196,147522,147523,147524,147526],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147525,1106],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147528,1559],{},[44,147530,147532],{"className":46,"code":147531,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147533,147534,147575,147579,147606],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147535,147536,147539,147541,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551,147553,147555,147557,147559,147561,147563,147565,147567,147569,147571,147573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147537,147538],{"class":59},"answers ",[53,147540,64],{"class":63},[53,147542,8605],{"class":67},[53,147544,72],{"class":71},[53,147546,8026],{"class":75},[53,147548,72],{"class":71},[53,147550,81],{"class":67},[53,147552,84],{"class":71},[53,147554,7965],{"class":75},[53,147556,72],{"class":71},[53,147558,81],{"class":67},[53,147560,84],{"class":71},[53,147562,8026],{"class":75},[53,147564,72],{"class":71},[53,147566,81],{"class":67},[53,147568,84],{"class":71},[53,147570,8026],{"class":75},[53,147572,72],{"class":71},[53,147574,125],{"class":67},[53,147576,147577],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147578,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,147580,147581,147583,147586,147588,147590,147592,147594,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,147582,1106],{"class":1105},[53,147584,147585],{"class":59}," answers",[53,147587,37],{"class":67},[53,147589,40614],{"class":112},[53,147591,116],{"class":67},[53,147593,72],{"class":71},[53,147595,8026],{"class":75},[53,147597,72],{"class":71},[53,147599,3021],{"class":67},[53,147601,37749],{"class":63},[53,147603,4858],{"class":273},[53,147605,1120],{"class":67},[53,147607,147608,147610,147612,147614,147617,147619],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,147609,7435],{"class":131},[53,147611,116],{"class":67},[53,147613,72],{"class":71},[53,147615,147616],{"class":75},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[53,147618,72],{"class":71},[53,147620,125],{"class":67},[20,147622,772],{},[44,147624,147626],{"className":46,"code":147625,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147627,147628],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147629,147630,147633,147635,147637,147639,147642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147631,147632],{"class":59},"The answer ",[53,147634,156],{"class":71},[53,147636,8026],{"class":75},[53,147638,156],{"class":71},[53,147640,147641],{"class":59}," appears more than once",[53,147643,121631],{"class":67},[39,147645,40400],{"id":40399},[20,147647,34760,147648,103911],{},[15,147649,147124],{},[193,147651,147652,147655,147658,147661],{},[196,147653,147654],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[196,147656,147657],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[196,147659,147660],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[196,147662,147663],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,147665,1559],{},[44,147667,147669],{"className":46,"code":147668,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,147670,147671,147699,147703,147725],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147672,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681,147683,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147674,4422],{"class":59},[53,147676,64],{"class":63},[53,147678,8605],{"class":67},[53,147680,1684],{"class":273},[53,147682,81],{"class":67},[53,147684,7155],{"class":273},[53,147686,81],{"class":67},[53,147688,5366],{"class":273},[53,147690,81],{"class":67},[53,147692,7160],{"class":273},[53,147694,81],{"class":67},[53,147696,5366],{"class":273},[53,147698,125],{"class":67},[53,147700,147701],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147702,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,147704,147705,147707,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,147706,1106],{"class":1105},[53,147708,4469],{"class":59},[53,147710,37],{"class":67},[53,147712,40614],{"class":112},[53,147714,116],{"class":67},[53,147716,1684],{"class":273},[53,147718,3021],{"class":67},[53,147720,50647],{"class":63},[53,147722,279],{"class":273},[53,147724,1120],{"class":67},[53,147726,147727,147729,147731,147733,147736,147738],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,147728,7435],{"class":131},[53,147730,116],{"class":67},[53,147732,72],{"class":71},[53,147734,147735],{"class":75},"The score 10 is repeated.",[53,147737,72],{"class":71},[53,147739,125],{"class":67},[20,147741,772],{},[44,147743,147745],{"className":46,"code":147744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,147746,147747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147748,147749,147752,147754,147756,147759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147750,147751],{"class":59},"The score ",[53,147753,1684],{"class":273},[53,147755,7463],{"class":63},[53,147757,147758],{"class":59}," repeated",[53,147760,121631],{"class":67},[39,147762,147764],{"id":147763},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,147766,147767],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[193,147769,147770,147776,147781,147784],{},[196,147771,147772,147773,147775],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,147774,56648],{}," still works because it only reads data",[196,147777,147778,147780],{},[15,147779,56648],{}," counts exact matches",[196,147782,147783],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[196,147785,147786,594,147788,147790],{},[15,147787,274],{},[15,147789,41513],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,147792,1559],{},[44,147794,147796],{"className":46,"code":147795,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,147797,147798,147832,147836,147856,147880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147799,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808,147810,147813,147815,147817,147820,147822,147824,147826,147828,147830],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147801,3183],{"class":59},[53,147803,64],{"class":63},[53,147805,8605],{"class":67},[53,147807,274],{"class":273},[53,147809,81],{"class":67},[53,147811,147812],{"class":273}," 1.0",[53,147814,81],{"class":67},[53,147816,84],{"class":71},[53,147818,147819],{"class":75},"Cat",[53,147821,72],{"class":71},[53,147823,81],{"class":67},[53,147825,84],{"class":71},[53,147827,36400],{"class":75},[53,147829,72],{"class":71},[53,147831,125],{"class":67},[53,147833,147834],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147835,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,147837,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,147839,132],{"class":131},[53,147841,116],{"class":67},[53,147843,4718],{"class":112},[53,147845,37],{"class":67},[53,147847,40614],{"class":112},[53,147849,116],{"class":67},[53,147851,274],{"class":273},[53,147853,4721],{"class":67},[53,147855,50453],{"class":3024},[53,147857,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872,147874,147876,147878],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,147859,132],{"class":131},[53,147861,116],{"class":67},[53,147863,4718],{"class":112},[53,147865,37],{"class":67},[53,147867,40614],{"class":112},[53,147869,116],{"class":67},[53,147871,72],{"class":71},[53,147873,147819],{"class":75},[53,147875,72],{"class":71},[53,147877,4721],{"class":67},[53,147879,27135],{"class":3024},[53,147881,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,147883,132],{"class":131},[53,147885,116],{"class":67},[53,147887,4718],{"class":112},[53,147889,37],{"class":67},[53,147891,40614],{"class":112},[53,147893,116],{"class":67},[53,147895,72],{"class":71},[53,147897,36400],{"class":75},[53,147899,72],{"class":71},[53,147901,4721],{"class":67},[53,147903,27135],{"class":3024},[20,147905,4517,147906,4520,147909,1222],{},[15,147907,147908],{},"values.count(1)",[15,147910,300],{},[20,147912,8153,147913,4141,147916,147918],{},[15,147914,147915],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,147917,2963],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[39,147920,2185],{"id":2184},[599,147922,7785,147924,147926],{"id":147923},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,147925,40614],{}," without parentheses",[20,147928,147929],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[44,147931,147933],{"className":46,"code":147932,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,147934,147935,147959],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147936,147937,147939,147941,147943,147945,147947,147949,147951,147953,147955,147957],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147938,266],{"class":59},[53,147940,64],{"class":63},[53,147942,8605],{"class":67},[53,147944,274],{"class":273},[53,147946,81],{"class":67},[53,147948,279],{"class":273},[53,147950,81],{"class":67},[53,147952,279],{"class":273},[53,147954,81],{"class":67},[53,147956,284],{"class":273},[53,147958,125],{"class":67},[53,147960,147961,147963,147965,147967,147969,147971],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,147962,132],{"class":131},[53,147964,116],{"class":67},[53,147966,291],{"class":112},[53,147968,37],{"class":67},[53,147970,40614],{"class":24104},[53,147972,125],{"class":67},[20,147974,147975],{},"To call the method correctly:",[44,147977,147979],{"className":46,"code":147978,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,147980,147981],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,147982,147983,147985,147987,147989,147991,147993,147995,147997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,147984,132],{"class":131},[53,147986,116],{"class":67},[53,147988,291],{"class":112},[53,147990,37],{"class":67},[53,147992,40614],{"class":112},[53,147994,116],{"class":67},[53,147996,300],{"class":273},[53,147998,1377],{"class":67},[599,148000,838,148001,7823,148003,1219,148005],{"id":57951},[15,148002,56648],{},[15,148004,2963],{},[15,148006,3035],{},[20,148008,148009,57962],{},[15,148010,56648],{},[44,148012,148014],{"className":46,"code":148013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148015,148016,148048,148070,148074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148017,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148019,620],{"class":59},[53,148021,64],{"class":63},[53,148023,8605],{"class":67},[53,148025,72],{"class":71},[53,148027,464],{"class":75},[53,148029,72],{"class":71},[53,148031,81],{"class":67},[53,148033,84],{"class":71},[53,148035,637],{"class":75},[53,148037,72],{"class":71},[53,148039,81],{"class":67},[53,148041,84],{"class":71},[53,148043,464],{"class":75},[53,148045,72],{"class":71},[53,148047,125],{"class":67},[53,148049,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148051,1582],{"class":59},[53,148053,64],{"class":63},[53,148055,69455],{"class":59},[53,148057,37],{"class":67},[53,148059,40614],{"class":112},[53,148061,116],{"class":67},[53,148063,72],{"class":71},[53,148065,464],{"class":75},[53,148067,72],{"class":71},[53,148069,125],{"class":67},[53,148071,148072],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,148073,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,148075,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,148077,132],{"class":131},[53,148079,116],{"class":67},[53,148081,1617],{"class":112},[53,148083,3021],{"class":67},[53,148085,50774],{"class":3024},[20,148087,148088,148089,148091],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148090,1067],{}," is often simpler:",[44,148093,148095],{"className":46,"code":148094,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148096,148097],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148098,148099,148101,148103,148105,148107,148109,148111,148113,148115],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148100,132],{"class":131},[53,148102,116],{"class":67},[53,148104,72],{"class":71},[53,148106,464],{"class":75},[53,148108,72],{"class":71},[53,148110,1115],{"class":1105},[53,148112,69455],{"class":112},[53,148114,3021],{"class":67},[53,148116,3025],{"class":3024},[599,148118,1151,148120,1154,148122],{"id":148119},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148121,147124],{},[15,148123,56653],{},[20,148125,148126],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148128,148129],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[599,148131,148133],{"id":148132},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148135,148136,148138],{},[15,148137,56648],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[44,148140,148142],{"className":46,"code":148141,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148143,148144,148177,148203],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148145,148146,148148,148150,148152,148154,148156,148158,148160,148162,148165,148167,148169,148171,148173,148175],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148147,3431],{"class":59},[53,148149,64],{"class":63},[53,148151,8605],{"class":67},[53,148153,72],{"class":71},[53,148155,356],{"class":75},[53,148157,72],{"class":71},[53,148159,81],{"class":67},[53,148161,84],{"class":71},[53,148163,148164],{"class":75},"pineapple",[53,148166,72],{"class":71},[53,148168,81],{"class":67},[53,148170,84],{"class":71},[53,148172,356],{"class":75},[53,148174,72],{"class":71},[53,148176,125],{"class":67},[53,148178,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193,148196,148198,148200],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148180,132],{"class":131},[53,148182,116],{"class":67},[53,148184,3473],{"class":112},[53,148186,37],{"class":67},[53,148188,40614],{"class":112},[53,148190,116],{"class":67},[53,148192,72],{"class":71},[53,148194,148195],{"class":75},"app",[53,148197,72],{"class":71},[53,148199,4721],{"class":67},[53,148201,148202],{"class":3024},"    # 0\n",[53,148204,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217,148219,148221,148223,148225],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,148206,132],{"class":131},[53,148208,116],{"class":67},[53,148210,3473],{"class":112},[53,148212,37],{"class":67},[53,148214,40614],{"class":112},[53,148216,116],{"class":67},[53,148218,72],{"class":71},[53,148220,356],{"class":75},[53,148222,72],{"class":71},[53,148224,4721],{"class":67},[53,148226,50774],{"class":3024},[20,148228,148229,148232,148233,37],{},[15,148230,148231],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148234,1470],{},[39,148236,148238],{"id":148237},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148240,148241],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[193,148243,148244,148249,148258,148264],{},[196,148245,174,148246,148248],{},[15,148247,1067],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[196,148250,174,148251,148257],{},[464,148252,148254,148255],{"href":148253},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148256,58326],{}," to find the position of a value",[196,148259,174,148260,148263],{},[15,148261,148262],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[196,148265,148266],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148268,45397,148269,191],{},[15,148270,1067],{},[44,148272,148274],{"className":46,"code":148273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148275,148276,148296,148300,148316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148277,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148279,266],{"class":59},[53,148281,64],{"class":63},[53,148283,8605],{"class":67},[53,148285,1858],{"class":273},[53,148287,81],{"class":67},[53,148289,5355],{"class":273},[53,148291,81],{"class":67},[53,148293,53495],{"class":273},[53,148295,125],{"class":67},[53,148297,148298],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148299,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,148301,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310,148312,148314],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,148303,132],{"class":131},[53,148305,116],{"class":67},[53,148307,1374],{"class":273},[53,148309,1115],{"class":1105},[53,148311,3622],{"class":112},[53,148313,3021],{"class":67},[53,148315,43211],{"class":3024},[53,148317,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,148319,132],{"class":131},[53,148321,116],{"class":67},[53,148323,1487],{"class":273},[53,148325,1115],{"class":1105},[53,148327,3622],{"class":112},[53,148329,3021],{"class":67},[53,148331,43228],{"class":3024},[20,148333,45397,148334,191],{},[15,148335,58326],{},[44,148337,148339],{"className":46,"code":148338,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148340,148341,148365],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148342,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357,148359,148361,148363],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148344,266],{"class":59},[53,148346,64],{"class":63},[53,148348,8605],{"class":67},[53,148350,1858],{"class":273},[53,148352,81],{"class":67},[53,148354,5355],{"class":273},[53,148356,81],{"class":67},[53,148358,53495],{"class":273},[53,148360,81],{"class":67},[53,148362,5355],{"class":273},[53,148364,125],{"class":67},[53,148366,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148368,132],{"class":131},[53,148370,116],{"class":67},[53,148372,291],{"class":112},[53,148374,37],{"class":67},[53,148376,35201],{"class":112},[53,148378,116],{"class":67},[53,148380,1374],{"class":273},[53,148382,4721],{"class":67},[53,148384,27135],{"class":3024},[20,148386,148387,148389,148390,148392,148394],{},[15,148388,56648],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9213,148391],{},[15,148393,58326],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[39,148396,1187],{"id":1186},[599,148398,4501,148400,4504],{"id":148399},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148401,147124],{},[20,148403,148404],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[599,148406,1191,148408,148410],{"id":148407},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148409,147124],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148412,148413],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[599,148415,148417],{"id":148416},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,148419,11275,148420,37],{},[15,148421,1470],{},[599,148423,1234,148425,148427],{"id":148424},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148426,147124],{}," count strings?",[20,148429,148430],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[599,148432,4538,148434,594,148436,1222],{"id":148433},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148435,147124],{},[15,148437,148438],{},"tuple.index()",[20,148440,148441,148443,148444,148446],{},[15,148442,56648],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148445,58326],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[39,148448,1244],{"id":1243},[193,148450,148451,148455,148460,148467,148475],{},[196,148452,148453],{},[464,148454,147233],{"href":147232},[196,148456,148457],{},[464,148458,148459],{"href":147236},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[196,148461,148462],{},[464,148463,148464,148465,830],{"href":148253},"Python tuple ",[15,148466,58326],{},[196,148468,148469],{},[464,148470,148472,148473],{"href":148471},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148474,41716],{},[196,148476,148477],{},[464,148478,58314],{"href":58313},[1276,148480,148481],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":148483},[148484,148486,148489,148490,148491,148492,148493,148501,148502,148513],{"id":147200,"depth":104,"text":148485},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147240,"depth":104,"text":147241,"children":148487},[148488],{"id":102448,"depth":128,"text":102449},{"id":336,"depth":104,"text":337},{"id":37372,"depth":104,"text":37373},{"id":40399,"depth":104,"text":40400},{"id":147763,"depth":104,"text":147764},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":148494},[148495,148497,148498,148500],{"id":147923,"depth":128,"text":148496},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":57951,"depth":128,"text":58367},{"id":148119,"depth":128,"text":148499},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148132,"depth":128,"text":148133},{"id":148237,"depth":104,"text":148238},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":148503},[148504,148506,148508,148509,148511],{"id":148399,"depth":128,"text":148505},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148407,"depth":128,"text":148507},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148416,"depth":128,"text":148417},{"id":148424,"depth":128,"text":148510},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148433,"depth":128,"text":148512},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147111,"description":148514},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148521,"title":148522,"body":148523,"description":150210,"extension":1312,"meta":150211,"navigation":383,"path":150212,"seo":150213,"stem":150214,"__hash__":150215},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148524,"toc":150173},[148525,148528,148531,148540,148542,148672,148674,148735,148741,148743,148763,148767,148770,148773,148808,148810,148831,148834,148873,148875,148900,148907,148911,148914,148951,148953,148976,148979,148982,148994,149000,149004,149007,149013,149054,149056,149079,149082,149123,149125,149152,149154,149171,149173,149190,149193,149197,149200,149202,149236,149238,149285,149289,149328,149332,149335,149392,149394,149435,149441,149447,149452,149454,149491,149493,149513,149515,149548,149550,149583,149586,149590,149623,149625,149650,149653,149655,149669,149676,149678,149681,149685,149688,149723,149726,149761,149765,149768,149807,149810,149849,149853,149855,149885,149888,149895,149897,149929,149932,149964,149967,149998,150000,150017,150021,150024,150088,150090,150094,150101,150105,150108,150112,150115,150119,150122,150127,150133,150135,150170],[10,148526,148522],{"id":148527},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148529,148530],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148532,148533,148534,1219,148538,37],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[464,148535,148537],{"href":148536},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[464,148539,147233],{"href":147232},[39,148541,42],{"id":41},[44,148543,148545],{"className":46,"code":148544,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148546,148547,148567,148576,148590,148626,148630,148640,148650,148661],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148548,148549,148551,148553,148555,148557,148559,148561,148563,148565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148550,266],{"class":59},[53,148552,64],{"class":63},[53,148554,8605],{"class":67},[53,148556,274],{"class":273},[53,148558,81],{"class":67},[53,148560,279],{"class":273},[53,148562,81],{"class":67},[53,148564,284],{"class":273},[53,148566,125],{"class":67},[53,148568,148569,148571,148573],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148570,124097],{"class":59},[53,148572,64],{"class":63},[53,148574,148575],{"class":67}," ()\n",[53,148577,148578,148581,148583,148585,148587],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,148579,148580],{"class":59},"one_item ",[53,148582,64],{"class":63},[53,148584,8605],{"class":67},[53,148586,1487],{"class":273},[53,148588,148589],{"class":67},",)\n",[53,148591,148592,148595,148597,148600,148602,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620,148622,148624],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,148593,148594],{"class":59},"from_list ",[53,148596,64],{"class":63},[53,148598,148599],{"class":550}," tuple",[53,148601,2341],{"class":67},[53,148603,72],{"class":71},[53,148605,464],{"class":75},[53,148607,72],{"class":71},[53,148609,81],{"class":67},[53,148611,84],{"class":71},[53,148613,637],{"class":75},[53,148615,72],{"class":71},[53,148617,81],{"class":67},[53,148619,84],{"class":71},[53,148621,646],{"class":75},[53,148623,72],{"class":71},[53,148625,3248],{"class":67},[53,148627,148628],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,148629,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,148631,148632,148634,148636,148638],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,148633,132],{"class":131},[53,148635,116],{"class":67},[53,148637,291],{"class":112},[53,148639,125],{"class":67},[53,148641,148642,148644,148646,148648],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,148643,132],{"class":131},[53,148645,116],{"class":67},[53,148647,124148],{"class":112},[53,148649,125],{"class":67},[53,148651,148652,148654,148656,148659],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,148653,132],{"class":131},[53,148655,116],{"class":67},[53,148657,148658],{"class":112},"one_item",[53,148660,125],{"class":67},[53,148662,148663,148665,148667,148670],{"class":55,"line":5794},[53,148664,132],{"class":131},[53,148666,116],{"class":67},[53,148668,148669],{"class":112},"from_list",[53,148671,125],{"class":67},[20,148673,772],{},[44,148675,148677],{"className":46,"code":148676,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148678,148679,148695,148699,148707],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148680,148681,148683,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148682,116],{"class":67},[53,148684,274],{"class":273},[53,148686,81],{"class":67},[53,148688,279],{"class":273},[53,148690,81],{"class":67},[53,148692,284],{"class":273},[53,148694,125],{"class":67},[53,148696,148697],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148698,8011],{"class":67},[53,148700,148701,148703,148705],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,148702,116],{"class":67},[53,148704,1487],{"class":273},[53,148706,148589],{"class":67},[53,148708,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723,148725,148727,148729,148731,148733],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,148710,116],{"class":67},[53,148712,156],{"class":71},[53,148714,464],{"class":75},[53,148716,156],{"class":71},[53,148718,81],{"class":67},[53,148720,165],{"class":71},[53,148722,637],{"class":75},[53,148724,156],{"class":71},[53,148726,81],{"class":67},[53,148728,165],{"class":71},[53,148730,646],{"class":75},[53,148732,156],{"class":71},[53,148734,125],{"class":67},[20,148736,148737,148738,37],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148739,148740],{},"(5,)",[39,148742,14523],{"id":14522},[193,148744,148745,148748,148751,148754,148757,148760],{},[196,148746,148747],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[196,148749,148750],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[196,148752,148753],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[196,148755,148756],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[196,148758,148759],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[196,148761,148762],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[39,148764,148766],{"id":148765},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148768,148769],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148771,148772],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[44,148774,148776],{"className":46,"code":148775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148777,148778,148798],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148779,148780,148782,148784,148786,148788,148790,148792,148794,148796],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148781,266],{"class":59},[53,148783,64],{"class":63},[53,148785,8605],{"class":67},[53,148787,274],{"class":273},[53,148789,81],{"class":67},[53,148791,279],{"class":273},[53,148793,81],{"class":67},[53,148795,284],{"class":273},[53,148797,125],{"class":67},[53,148799,148800,148802,148804,148806],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148801,132],{"class":131},[53,148803,116],{"class":67},[53,148805,291],{"class":112},[53,148807,125],{"class":67},[20,148809,772],{},[44,148811,148813],{"className":46,"code":148812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,148814,148815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148816,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148818,116],{"class":67},[53,148820,274],{"class":273},[53,148822,81],{"class":67},[53,148824,279],{"class":273},[53,148826,81],{"class":67},[53,148828,284],{"class":273},[53,148830,125],{"class":67},[20,148832,148833],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[44,148835,148837],{"className":46,"code":148836,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,148838,148839,148863],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148840,148841,148843,148845,148847,148849,148851,148853,148855,148857,148859,148861],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148842,8534],{"class":59},[53,148844,64],{"class":63},[53,148846,8605],{"class":67},[53,148848,274],{"class":273},[53,148850,81],{"class":67},[53,148852,84],{"class":71},[53,148854,356],{"class":75},[53,148856,72],{"class":71},[53,148858,81],{"class":67},[53,148860,3276],{"class":938},[53,148862,125],{"class":67},[53,148864,148865,148867,148869,148871],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148866,132],{"class":131},[53,148868,116],{"class":67},[53,148870,8573],{"class":112},[53,148872,125],{"class":67},[20,148874,772],{},[44,148876,148878],{"className":46,"code":148877,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,148879,148880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148881,148882,148884,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148883,116],{"class":67},[53,148885,274],{"class":273},[53,148887,81],{"class":67},[53,148889,165],{"class":71},[53,148891,356],{"class":75},[53,148893,156],{"class":71},[53,148895,81],{"class":67},[53,148897,3276],{"class":938},[53,148899,125],{"class":67},[20,148901,148902,148903,37],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[464,148904,148906],{"href":148905},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[39,148908,148910],{"id":148909},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,148912,148913],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[44,148915,148917],{"className":46,"code":148916,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,148918,148919,148927,148937],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148920,148921,148923,148925],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148922,124097],{"class":59},[53,148924,64],{"class":63},[53,148926,148575],{"class":67},[53,148928,148929,148931,148933,148935],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148930,132],{"class":131},[53,148932,116],{"class":67},[53,148934,124148],{"class":112},[53,148936,125],{"class":67},[53,148938,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,148940,132],{"class":131},[53,148942,116],{"class":67},[53,148944,2578],{"class":550},[53,148946,116],{"class":67},[53,148948,124148],{"class":112},[53,148950,1377],{"class":67},[20,148952,772],{},[44,148954,148956],{"className":46,"code":148955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,148957,148958,148962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,148959,148960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,148961,8011],{"class":67},[53,148963,148964,148966,148968,148970,148972,148974],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,148965,2647],{"class":63},[53,148967,2650],{"class":1415},[53,148969,165],{"class":71},[53,148971,48311],{"class":75},[53,148973,156],{"class":71},[53,148975,2659],{"class":63},[20,148977,148978],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,148980,148981],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[193,148983,148984,148989],{},[196,148985,148986,148987],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,148988,6729],{},[196,148990,148991,148992],{},"Empty list: ",[15,148993,3147],{},[20,148995,148996,148997,37],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[464,148998,148999],{"href":56511},"Python list: creating a list",[39,149001,149003],{"id":149002},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149005,149006],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149008,149009,149010,149012],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[30,149011,461],{}," automatically a tuple:",[44,149014,149016],{"className":46,"code":149015,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149017,149018,149030,149040],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149019,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149021,1801],{"class":59},[53,149023,64],{"class":63},[53,149025,8605],{"class":67},[53,149027,1487],{"class":273},[53,149029,125],{"class":67},[53,149031,149032,149034,149036,149038],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149033,132],{"class":131},[53,149035,116],{"class":67},[53,149037,236],{"class":112},[53,149039,125],{"class":67},[53,149041,149042,149044,149046,149048,149050,149052],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,149043,132],{"class":131},[53,149045,116],{"class":67},[53,149047,2578],{"class":550},[53,149049,116],{"class":67},[53,149051,236],{"class":112},[53,149053,1377],{"class":67},[20,149055,772],{},[44,149057,149059],{"className":46,"code":149058,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149060,149061,149065],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149062,149063],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149064,2302],{"class":273},[53,149066,149067,149069,149071,149073,149075,149077],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149068,2647],{"class":63},[53,149070,2650],{"class":1415},[53,149072,165],{"class":71},[53,149074,1539],{"class":75},[53,149076,156],{"class":71},[53,149078,2659],{"class":63},[20,149080,149081],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[44,149083,149085],{"className":46,"code":149084,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149086,149087,149099,149109],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149088,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149090,148580],{"class":59},[53,149092,64],{"class":63},[53,149094,8605],{"class":67},[53,149096,1487],{"class":273},[53,149098,148589],{"class":67},[53,149100,149101,149103,149105,149107],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149102,132],{"class":131},[53,149104,116],{"class":67},[53,149106,148658],{"class":112},[53,149108,125],{"class":67},[53,149110,149111,149113,149115,149117,149119,149121],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,149112,132],{"class":131},[53,149114,116],{"class":67},[53,149116,2578],{"class":550},[53,149118,116],{"class":67},[53,149120,148658],{"class":112},[53,149122,1377],{"class":67},[20,149124,772],{},[44,149126,149128],{"className":46,"code":149127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149129,149130,149138],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149131,149132,149134,149136],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149133,116],{"class":67},[53,149135,1487],{"class":273},[53,149137,148589],{"class":67},[53,149139,149140,149142,149144,149146,149148,149150],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149141,2647],{"class":63},[53,149143,2650],{"class":1415},[53,149145,165],{"class":71},[53,149147,48311],{"class":75},[53,149149,156],{"class":71},[53,149151,2659],{"class":63},[20,149153,941],{},[44,149155,149157],{"className":46,"code":149156,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149158,149159],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149160,149161,149163,149165,149167,149169],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149162,116],{"class":67},[53,149164,72],{"class":71},[53,149166,356],{"class":75},[53,149168,72],{"class":71},[53,149170,148589],{"class":67},[20,149172,852],{},[44,149174,149176],{"className":46,"code":149175,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149177,149178],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149179,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149181,116],{"class":67},[53,149183,72],{"class":71},[53,149185,356],{"class":75},[53,149187,72],{"class":71},[53,149189,125],{"class":67},[20,149191,149192],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[39,149194,149196],{"id":149195},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149198,149199],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[599,149201,55819],{"id":291},[44,149203,149204],{"className":46,"code":148775,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149205,149206,149226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149207,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216,149218,149220,149222,149224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149209,266],{"class":59},[53,149211,64],{"class":63},[53,149213,8605],{"class":67},[53,149215,274],{"class":273},[53,149217,81],{"class":67},[53,149219,279],{"class":273},[53,149221,81],{"class":67},[53,149223,284],{"class":273},[53,149225,125],{"class":67},[53,149227,149228,149230,149232,149234],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149229,132],{"class":131},[53,149231,116],{"class":67},[53,149233,291],{"class":112},[53,149235,125],{"class":67},[599,149237,55822],{"id":4668},[44,149239,149241],{"className":46,"code":149240,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149242,149243,149275],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149244,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259,149261,149263,149265,149267,149269,149271,149273],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149246,60],{"class":59},[53,149248,64],{"class":63},[53,149250,8605],{"class":67},[53,149252,72],{"class":71},[53,149254,76],{"class":75},[53,149256,72],{"class":71},[53,149258,81],{"class":67},[53,149260,84],{"class":71},[53,149262,96],{"class":75},[53,149264,72],{"class":71},[53,149266,81],{"class":67},[53,149268,84],{"class":71},[53,149270,87],{"class":75},[53,149272,72],{"class":71},[53,149274,125],{"class":67},[53,149276,149277,149279,149281,149283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149278,132],{"class":131},[53,149280,116],{"class":67},[53,149282,107],{"class":112},[53,149284,125],{"class":67},[599,149286,149288],{"id":149287},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[44,149290,149292],{"className":46,"code":149291,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149293,149294,149318],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149295,149296,149298,149300,149302,149304,149306,149308,149310,149312,149314,149316],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149297,58831],{"class":59},[53,149299,64],{"class":63},[53,149301,8605],{"class":67},[53,149303,274],{"class":273},[53,149305,81],{"class":67},[53,149307,84],{"class":71},[53,149309,356],{"class":75},[53,149311,72],{"class":71},[53,149313,81],{"class":67},[53,149315,3276],{"class":938},[53,149317,125],{"class":67},[53,149319,149320,149322,149324,149326],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149321,132],{"class":131},[53,149323,116],{"class":67},[53,149325,58884],{"class":112},[53,149327,125],{"class":67},[599,149329,149331],{"id":149330},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149333,149334],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[44,149336,149338],{"className":46,"code":149337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149339,149340,149381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149341,149342,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365,149367,149369,149371,149373,149375,149377,149379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149343,149344],{"class":59},"nested ",[53,149346,64],{"class":63},[53,149348,8605],{"class":67},[53,149350,274],{"class":273},[53,149352,81],{"class":67},[53,149354,8605],{"class":67},[53,149356,72],{"class":71},[53,149358,464],{"class":75},[53,149360,72],{"class":71},[53,149362,81],{"class":67},[53,149364,84],{"class":71},[53,149366,637],{"class":75},[53,149368,72],{"class":71},[53,149370,8602],{"class":67},[53,149372,2982],{"class":67},[53,149374,1684],{"class":273},[53,149376,81],{"class":67},[53,149378,7155],{"class":273},[53,149380,3248],{"class":67},[53,149382,149383,149385,149387,149390],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149384,132],{"class":131},[53,149386,116],{"class":67},[53,149388,149389],{"class":112},"nested",[53,149391,125],{"class":67},[20,149393,772],{},[44,149395,149397],{"className":46,"code":149396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149398,149399],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149400,149401,149403,149405,149407,149409,149411,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431,149433],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149402,116],{"class":67},[53,149404,274],{"class":273},[53,149406,81],{"class":67},[53,149408,8605],{"class":67},[53,149410,156],{"class":71},[53,149412,464],{"class":75},[53,149414,156],{"class":71},[53,149416,81],{"class":67},[53,149418,165],{"class":71},[53,149420,637],{"class":75},[53,149422,156],{"class":71},[53,149424,8602],{"class":67},[53,149426,2982],{"class":67},[53,149428,1684],{"class":273},[53,149430,81],{"class":67},[53,149432,7155],{"class":273},[53,149434,3248],{"class":67},[39,149436,149438,149439],{"id":149437},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149440,37399],{},[20,149442,149443,149444,149446],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149445,37399],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149448,149449,149450,37],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[464,149451,62577],{"href":62576},[599,149453,104588],{"id":104587},[44,149455,149457],{"className":46,"code":149456,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149458,149459,149481],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149460,149461,149463,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475,149477,149479],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149462,266],{"class":59},[53,149464,64],{"class":63},[53,149466,148599],{"class":550},[53,149468,2341],{"class":67},[53,149470,274],{"class":273},[53,149472,81],{"class":67},[53,149474,279],{"class":273},[53,149476,81],{"class":67},[53,149478,284],{"class":273},[53,149480,3248],{"class":67},[53,149482,149483,149485,149487,149489],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149484,132],{"class":131},[53,149486,116],{"class":67},[53,149488,291],{"class":112},[53,149490,125],{"class":67},[20,149492,772],{},[44,149494,149495],{"className":46,"code":148812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149496,149497],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149498,149499,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149500,116],{"class":67},[53,149502,274],{"class":273},[53,149504,81],{"class":67},[53,149506,279],{"class":273},[53,149508,81],{"class":67},[53,149510,284],{"class":273},[53,149512,125],{"class":67},[599,149514,104774],{"id":104773},[44,149516,149518],{"className":46,"code":149517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149519,149520,149538],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149521,149522,149524,149526,149528,149530,149532,149534,149536],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149523,620],{"class":59},[53,149525,64],{"class":63},[53,149527,148599],{"class":550},[53,149529,116],{"class":67},[53,149531,72],{"class":71},[53,149533,40915],{"class":75},[53,149535,72],{"class":71},[53,149537,125],{"class":67},[53,149539,149540,149542,149544,149546],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149541,132],{"class":131},[53,149543,116],{"class":67},[53,149545,655],{"class":112},[53,149547,125],{"class":67},[20,149549,772],{},[44,149551,149553],{"className":46,"code":149552,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149554,149555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149556,149557,149559,149561,149563,149565,149567,149569,149571,149573,149575,149577,149579,149581],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149558,116],{"class":67},[53,149560,156],{"class":71},[53,149562,464],{"class":75},[53,149564,156],{"class":71},[53,149566,81],{"class":67},[53,149568,165],{"class":71},[53,149570,637],{"class":75},[53,149572,156],{"class":71},[53,149574,81],{"class":67},[53,149576,165],{"class":71},[53,149578,646],{"class":75},[53,149580,156],{"class":71},[53,149582,125],{"class":67},[20,149584,149585],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[599,149587,149589],{"id":149588},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[44,149591,149593],{"className":46,"code":149592,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149594,149595,149613],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149596,149597,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149598,3183],{"class":59},[53,149600,64],{"class":63},[53,149602,148599],{"class":550},[53,149604,116],{"class":67},[53,149606,59357],{"class":131},[53,149608,116],{"class":67},[53,149610,1858],{"class":273},[53,149612,1377],{"class":67},[53,149614,149615,149617,149619,149621],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149616,132],{"class":131},[53,149618,116],{"class":67},[53,149620,4718],{"class":112},[53,149622,125],{"class":67},[20,149624,772],{},[44,149626,149628],{"className":46,"code":149627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149629,149630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149631,149632,149634,149636,149638,149640,149642,149644,149646,149648],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149633,116],{"class":67},[53,149635,1470],{"class":273},[53,149637,81],{"class":67},[53,149639,4858],{"class":273},[53,149641,81],{"class":67},[53,149643,279],{"class":273},[53,149645,81],{"class":67},[53,149647,284],{"class":273},[53,149649,125],{"class":67},[20,149651,149652],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[39,149654,20157],{"id":20156},[193,149656,149657,149660,149663,149666],{},[196,149658,149659],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[196,149661,149662],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[196,149664,149665],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[196,149667,149668],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149670,149671,149672,37],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[464,149673,149675],{"href":149674},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[39,149677,2185],{"id":2184},[20,149679,149680],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[599,149682,149684],{"id":149683},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149686,149687],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[44,149689,149691],{"className":46,"code":149690,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149692,149693,149709],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149694,149695,149697,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149696,27894],{"class":59},[53,149698,64],{"class":63},[53,149700,8605],{"class":67},[53,149702,72],{"class":71},[53,149704,356],{"class":75},[53,149706,72],{"class":71},[53,149708,125],{"class":67},[53,149710,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149712,132],{"class":131},[53,149714,116],{"class":67},[53,149716,2578],{"class":550},[53,149718,116],{"class":67},[53,149720,22664],{"class":112},[53,149722,1377],{"class":67},[20,149724,149725],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[44,149727,149729],{"className":46,"code":149728,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149730,149731,149747],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149732,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741,149743,149745],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149734,27894],{"class":59},[53,149736,64],{"class":63},[53,149738,8605],{"class":67},[53,149740,72],{"class":71},[53,149742,356],{"class":75},[53,149744,72],{"class":71},[53,149746,148589],{"class":67},[53,149748,149749,149751,149753,149755,149757,149759],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149750,132],{"class":131},[53,149752,116],{"class":67},[53,149754,2578],{"class":550},[53,149756,116],{"class":67},[53,149758,22664],{"class":112},[53,149760,1377],{"class":67},[599,149762,149764],{"id":149763},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149766,149767],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[44,149769,149771],{"className":46,"code":149770,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149772,149773,149793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149774,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787,149789,149791],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149776,3183],{"class":59},[53,149778,64],{"class":63},[53,149780,2982],{"class":67},[53,149782,274],{"class":273},[53,149784,81],{"class":67},[53,149786,279],{"class":273},[53,149788,81],{"class":67},[53,149790,284],{"class":273},[53,149792,2995],{"class":67},[53,149794,149795,149797,149799,149801,149803,149805],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149796,132],{"class":131},[53,149798,116],{"class":67},[53,149800,2578],{"class":550},[53,149802,116],{"class":67},[53,149804,4718],{"class":112},[53,149806,1377],{"class":67},[20,149808,149809],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[44,149811,149813],{"className":46,"code":149812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149814,149815,149835],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149816,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149818,3183],{"class":59},[53,149820,64],{"class":63},[53,149822,8605],{"class":67},[53,149824,274],{"class":273},[53,149826,81],{"class":67},[53,149828,279],{"class":273},[53,149830,81],{"class":67},[53,149832,284],{"class":273},[53,149834,125],{"class":67},[53,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149838,132],{"class":131},[53,149840,116],{"class":67},[53,149842,2578],{"class":550},[53,149844,116],{"class":67},[53,149846,4718],{"class":112},[53,149848,1377],{"class":67},[599,149850,149852],{"id":149851},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,149854,149665],{},[44,149856,149858],{"className":46,"code":149857,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,149859,149860,149880],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149861,149862,149864,149866,149868,149870,149872,149874,149876,149878],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149863,266],{"class":59},[53,149865,64],{"class":63},[53,149867,8605],{"class":67},[53,149869,274],{"class":273},[53,149871,81],{"class":67},[53,149873,279],{"class":273},[53,149875,81],{"class":67},[53,149877,284],{"class":273},[53,149879,125],{"class":67},[53,149881,149882],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149883,149884],{"class":3024},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,149886,149887],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[599,149889,1151,149891,149894],{"id":149890},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,149892,149893],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,149896,64003],{},[44,149898,149899],{"className":46,"code":149517,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149900,149901,149919],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149902,149903,149905,149907,149909,149911,149913,149915,149917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149904,620],{"class":59},[53,149906,64],{"class":63},[53,149908,148599],{"class":550},[53,149910,116],{"class":67},[53,149912,72],{"class":71},[53,149914,40915],{"class":75},[53,149916,72],{"class":71},[53,149918,125],{"class":67},[53,149920,149921,149923,149925,149927],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149922,132],{"class":131},[53,149924,116],{"class":67},[53,149926,655],{"class":112},[53,149928,125],{"class":67},[20,149930,149931],{},"gives:",[44,149933,149934],{"className":46,"code":149552,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,149935,149936],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149937,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950,149952,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149939,116],{"class":67},[53,149941,156],{"class":71},[53,149943,464],{"class":75},[53,149945,156],{"class":71},[53,149947,81],{"class":67},[53,149949,165],{"class":71},[53,149951,637],{"class":75},[53,149953,156],{"class":71},[53,149955,81],{"class":67},[53,149957,165],{"class":71},[53,149959,646],{"class":75},[53,149961,156],{"class":71},[53,149963,125],{"class":67},[20,149965,149966],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[44,149968,149970],{"className":46,"code":149969,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,149971,149972,149988],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,149973,149974,149976,149978,149980,149982,149984,149986],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,149975,5516],{"class":59},[53,149977,64],{"class":63},[53,149979,8605],{"class":67},[53,149981,72],{"class":71},[53,149983,40915],{"class":75},[53,149985,72],{"class":71},[53,149987,148589],{"class":67},[53,149989,149990,149992,149994,149996],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,149991,132],{"class":131},[53,149993,116],{"class":67},[53,149995,37744],{"class":112},[53,149997,125],{"class":67},[20,149999,772],{},[44,150001,150003],{"className":46,"code":150002,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('abc',)\n",[15,150004,150005],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150006,150007,150009,150011,150013,150015],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150008,116],{"class":67},[53,150010,156],{"class":71},[53,150012,40915],{"class":75},[53,150014,156],{"class":71},[53,150016,148589],{"class":67},[599,150018,150020],{"id":150019},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150022,150023],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[44,150025,150027],{"className":46,"code":150026,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150028,150029,150046,150050,150060,150074],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150030,150031,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150032,150033],{"class":59},"my_tuple ",[53,150035,64],{"class":63},[53,150037,8605],{"class":67},[53,150039,72],{"class":71},[53,150041,356],{"class":75},[53,150043,72],{"class":71},[53,150045,148589],{"class":67},[53,150047,150048],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150049,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150051,150052,150054,150056,150058],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150053,132],{"class":131},[53,150055,116],{"class":67},[53,150057,147251],{"class":112},[53,150059,125],{"class":67},[53,150061,150062,150064,150066,150068,150070,150072],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150063,132],{"class":131},[53,150065,116],{"class":67},[53,150067,2578],{"class":550},[53,150069,116],{"class":67},[53,150071,147251],{"class":112},[53,150073,1377],{"class":67},[53,150075,150076,150078,150080,150082,150084,150086],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,150077,132],{"class":131},[53,150079,116],{"class":67},[53,150081,10528],{"class":131},[53,150083,116],{"class":67},[53,150085,147251],{"class":112},[53,150087,1377],{"class":67},[39,150089,1187],{"id":1186},[599,150091,150093],{"id":150092},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150095,150096,150097,150100],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150098,150099],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[599,150102,150104],{"id":150103},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150106,150107],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[599,150109,150111],{"id":150110},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150113,150114],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[599,150116,150118],{"id":150117},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150120,150121],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[599,150123,4501,150125,12080],{"id":150124},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150126,149893],{},[20,150128,4507,150129,150132],{},[15,150130,150131],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[39,150134,1244],{"id":1243},[193,150136,150137,150141,150145,150151,150156,150161,150165],{},[196,150138,150139],{},[464,150140,147233],{"href":147232},[196,150142,150143],{},[464,150144,148906],{"href":148905},[196,150146,150147],{},[464,150148,150150],{"href":150149},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[196,150152,150153],{},[464,150154,150155],{"href":148471},"Python tuple length with len()",[196,150157,150158],{},[464,150159,150160],{"href":148536},"What is a tuple in Python?",[196,150162,150163],{},[464,150164,62577],{"href":62576},[196,150166,150167],{},[464,150168,150169],{"href":149674},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1276,150171,150172],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":150174},[150175,150176,150177,150178,150179,150180,150186,150192,150193,150201,150209],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":148765,"depth":104,"text":148766},{"id":148909,"depth":104,"text":148910},{"id":149002,"depth":104,"text":149003},{"id":149195,"depth":104,"text":149196,"children":150181},[150182,150183,150184,150185],{"id":291,"depth":128,"text":55819},{"id":4668,"depth":128,"text":55822},{"id":149287,"depth":128,"text":149288},{"id":149330,"depth":128,"text":149331},{"id":149437,"depth":104,"text":150187,"children":150188},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150189,150190,150191],{"id":104587,"depth":128,"text":104588},{"id":104773,"depth":128,"text":104774},{"id":149588,"depth":128,"text":149589},{"id":20156,"depth":104,"text":20157},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":150194},[150195,150196,150197,150198,150200],{"id":149683,"depth":128,"text":149684},{"id":149763,"depth":128,"text":149764},{"id":149851,"depth":128,"text":149852},{"id":149890,"depth":128,"text":150199},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150019,"depth":128,"text":150020},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":150202},[150203,150204,150205,150206,150207],{"id":150092,"depth":128,"text":150093},{"id":150103,"depth":128,"text":150104},{"id":150110,"depth":128,"text":150111},{"id":150117,"depth":128,"text":150118},{"id":150124,"depth":128,"text":150208},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148522,"description":150210},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150217,"title":150218,"body":150219,"description":151764,"extension":1312,"meta":151765,"navigation":383,"path":151766,"seo":151767,"stem":151768,"__hash__":151769},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150220,"toc":151734},[150221,150224,150229,150231,150244,150250,150252,150319,150321,150356,150361,150365,150369,150371,150382,150390,150392,150394,150415,150417,150437,150440,150442,150447,150490,150492,150514,150517,150530,150534,150538,150541,150594,150596,150617,150622,150626,150629,150674,150676,150709,150721,150725,150733,150770,150772,150801,150805,150808,150861,150863,150883,150890,150894,150899,150968,150970,150995,150999,151002,151008,151085,151087,151146,151148,151160,151165,151169,151173,151187,151189,151224,151226,151243,151246,151259,151263,151267,151278,151283,151298,151301,151304,151306,151309,151313,151315,151329,151331,151355,151360,151364,151367,151386,151389,151438,151443,151460,151463,151496,151500,151502,151553,151556,151581,151584,151607,151611,151617,151619,151654,151657,151662,151664,151668,151671,151675,151680,151684,151687,151691,151694,151698,151703,151705,151731],[10,150222,150218],{"id":150223},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150225,8491,150226,150228],{},[15,150227,37399],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150230,81948],{},[193,150232,150233,150238],{},[196,150234,150235,150237],{},[15,150236,37399],{}," creates an empty tuple",[196,150239,150240,150243],{},[15,150241,150242],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150245,150246,150247,150249],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150248,37399],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[39,150251,42],{"id":41},[44,150253,150255],{"className":46,"code":150254,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150256,150257,150277,150291,150295,150305],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150258,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150260,266],{"class":59},[53,150262,64],{"class":63},[53,150264,2982],{"class":67},[53,150266,274],{"class":273},[53,150268,81],{"class":67},[53,150270,279],{"class":273},[53,150272,81],{"class":67},[53,150274,284],{"class":273},[53,150276,2995],{"class":67},[53,150278,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150280,1582],{"class":59},[53,150282,64],{"class":63},[53,150284,148599],{"class":550},[53,150286,116],{"class":67},[53,150288,291],{"class":112},[53,150290,125],{"class":67},[53,150292,150293],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150294,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150296,150297,150299,150301,150303],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150298,132],{"class":131},[53,150300,116],{"class":67},[53,150302,1617],{"class":112},[53,150304,125],{"class":67},[53,150306,150307,150309,150311,150313,150315,150317],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,150308,132],{"class":131},[53,150310,116],{"class":67},[53,150312,2578],{"class":550},[53,150314,116],{"class":67},[53,150316,1617],{"class":112},[53,150318,1377],{"class":67},[20,150320,772],{},[44,150322,150324],{"className":46,"code":150323,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150325,150326,150342],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150327,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150329,116],{"class":67},[53,150331,274],{"class":273},[53,150333,81],{"class":67},[53,150335,279],{"class":273},[53,150337,81],{"class":67},[53,150339,284],{"class":273},[53,150341,125],{"class":67},[53,150343,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150345,2647],{"class":63},[53,150347,2650],{"class":1415},[53,150349,165],{"class":71},[53,150351,48311],{"class":75},[53,150353,156],{"class":71},[53,150355,2659],{"class":63},[20,150357,174,150358,150360],{},[15,150359,150242],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[39,150362,150364],{"id":150363},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150366,150367,62285],{},[15,150368,37399],{},[20,150370,48285],{},[193,150372,150373,150376,150379],{},[196,150374,150375],{},"creates a tuple object",[196,150377,150378],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[196,150380,150381],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150383,150384,150385,150387,150388,37],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[464,150386,148537],{"href":148536}," or the full guide to ",[464,150389,147233],{"href":147232},[39,150391,217],{"id":216},[20,150393,25842],{},[44,150395,150397],{"className":46,"code":150396,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150398,150399,150405],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150400,150401,150403],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150402,48311],{"class":550},[53,150404,8011],{"class":67},[53,150406,150407,150409,150411,150413],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150408,48311],{"class":550},[53,150410,116],{"class":67},[53,150412,3081],{"class":112},[53,150414,125],{"class":67},[20,150416,10824],{},[193,150418,150419,150422],{},[196,150420,150421],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[196,150423,150424,150425],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[193,150426,150427,150429,150431,150433,150435],{},[196,150428,4659],{},[196,150430,4668],{},[196,150432,62356],{},[196,150434,4665],{},[196,150436,6614],{},[20,150438,150439],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[39,150441,148910],{"id":148909},[20,150443,29006,150444,150446],{},[15,150445,37399],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[44,150448,150450],{"className":46,"code":150449,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150451,150452,150462,150466,150476],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150453,150454,150456,150458,150460],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150455,124097],{"class":59},[53,150457,64],{"class":63},[53,150459,148599],{"class":550},[53,150461,8011],{"class":67},[53,150463,150464],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150465,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150467,150468,150470,150472,150474],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150469,132],{"class":131},[53,150471,116],{"class":67},[53,150473,124148],{"class":112},[53,150475,125],{"class":67},[53,150477,150478,150480,150482,150484,150486,150488],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150479,132],{"class":131},[53,150481,116],{"class":67},[53,150483,2578],{"class":550},[53,150485,116],{"class":67},[53,150487,124148],{"class":112},[53,150489,1377],{"class":67},[20,150491,772],{},[44,150493,150494],{"className":46,"code":148955,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150495,150496,150500],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150497,150498],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150499,8011],{"class":67},[53,150501,150502,150504,150506,150508,150510,150512],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150503,2647],{"class":63},[53,150505,2650],{"class":1415},[53,150507,165],{"class":71},[53,150509,48311],{"class":75},[53,150511,156],{"class":71},[53,150513,2659],{"class":63},[20,150515,150516],{},"This is equivalent to:",[44,150518,150520],{"className":46,"code":150519,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty = ()\n",[15,150521,150522],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150523,150524,150526,150528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150525,124097],{"class":59},[53,150527,64],{"class":63},[53,150529,148575],{"class":67},[39,150531,150533],{"id":150532},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[599,150535,150537],{"id":150536},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150539,150540],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[44,150542,150544],{"className":46,"code":150543,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150545,150546,150566,150580,150584],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150547,150548,150550,150552,150554,150556,150558,150560,150562,150564],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150549,266],{"class":59},[53,150551,64],{"class":63},[53,150553,2982],{"class":67},[53,150555,1684],{"class":273},[53,150557,81],{"class":67},[53,150559,7155],{"class":273},[53,150561,81],{"class":67},[53,150563,7160],{"class":273},[53,150565,2995],{"class":67},[53,150567,150568,150570,150572,150574,150576,150578],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150569,1582],{"class":59},[53,150571,64],{"class":63},[53,150573,148599],{"class":550},[53,150575,116],{"class":67},[53,150577,291],{"class":112},[53,150579,125],{"class":67},[53,150581,150582],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150583,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150585,150586,150588,150590,150592],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150587,132],{"class":131},[53,150589,116],{"class":67},[53,150591,1617],{"class":112},[53,150593,125],{"class":67},[20,150595,772],{},[44,150597,150599],{"className":46,"code":150598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150600,150601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150602,150603,150605,150607,150609,150611,150613,150615],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150604,116],{"class":67},[53,150606,1684],{"class":273},[53,150608,81],{"class":67},[53,150610,7155],{"class":273},[53,150612,81],{"class":67},[53,150614,7160],{"class":273},[53,150616,125],{"class":67},[20,150618,150619,150620,37],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[464,150621,104393],{"href":59414},[599,150623,150625],{"id":150624},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150627,150628],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[44,150630,150632],{"className":46,"code":150631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150633,150634,150646,150660,150664],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150635,150636,150638,150640,150642,150644],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150637,34042],{"class":59},[53,150639,64],{"class":63},[53,150641,84],{"class":71},[53,150643,36400],{"class":75},[53,150645,2715],{"class":71},[53,150647,150648,150650,150652,150654,150656,150658],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150649,1582],{"class":59},[53,150651,64],{"class":63},[53,150653,148599],{"class":550},[53,150655,116],{"class":67},[53,150657,34063],{"class":112},[53,150659,125],{"class":67},[53,150661,150662],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150663,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150665,150666,150668,150670,150672],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150667,132],{"class":131},[53,150669,116],{"class":67},[53,150671,1617],{"class":112},[53,150673,125],{"class":67},[20,150675,772],{},[44,150677,150679],{"className":46,"code":150678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150680,150681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150682,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693,150695,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150684,116],{"class":67},[53,150686,156],{"class":71},[53,150688,646],{"class":75},[53,150690,156],{"class":71},[53,150692,81],{"class":67},[53,150694,165],{"class":71},[53,150696,464],{"class":75},[53,150698,156],{"class":71},[53,150700,81],{"class":67},[53,150702,165],{"class":71},[53,150704,62646],{"class":75},[53,150706,156],{"class":71},[53,150708,125],{"class":67},[20,150710,150711,150712,13413,150715,150717,150718,37],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150713,150714],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[30,150716,461],{}," create ",[15,150719,150720],{},"('cat',)",[599,150722,150724],{"id":150723},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150726,150727,150729,150730,150732],{},[15,150728,35552],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150731,37399],{}," collects them all.",[44,150734,150736],{"className":46,"code":150735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150737,150738,150756,150760],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150739,150740,150742,150744,150746,150748,150750,150752,150754],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150741,1582],{"class":59},[53,150743,64],{"class":63},[53,150745,148599],{"class":550},[53,150747,116],{"class":67},[53,150749,59357],{"class":131},[53,150751,116],{"class":67},[53,150753,1487],{"class":273},[53,150755,1377],{"class":67},[53,150757,150758],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150759,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150761,150762,150764,150766,150768],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150763,132],{"class":131},[53,150765,116],{"class":67},[53,150767,1617],{"class":112},[53,150769,125],{"class":67},[20,150771,772],{},[44,150773,150775],{"className":46,"code":150774,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150776,150777],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150778,150779,150781,150783,150785,150787,150789,150791,150793,150795,150797,150799],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150780,116],{"class":67},[53,150782,1470],{"class":273},[53,150784,81],{"class":67},[53,150786,4858],{"class":273},[53,150788,81],{"class":67},[53,150790,279],{"class":273},[53,150792,81],{"class":67},[53,150794,284],{"class":273},[53,150796,81],{"class":67},[53,150798,1811],{"class":273},[53,150800,125],{"class":67},[599,150802,150804],{"id":150803},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,150806,150807],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[44,150809,150811],{"className":46,"code":150810,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150812,150813,150833,150847,150851],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150814,150815,150817,150819,150821,150823,150825,150827,150829,150831],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150816,3183],{"class":59},[53,150818,64],{"class":63},[53,150820,68],{"class":67},[53,150822,274],{"class":273},[53,150824,81],{"class":67},[53,150826,279],{"class":273},[53,150828,81],{"class":67},[53,150830,284],{"class":273},[53,150832,101],{"class":67},[53,150834,150835,150837,150839,150841,150843,150845],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150836,1582],{"class":59},[53,150838,64],{"class":63},[53,150840,148599],{"class":550},[53,150842,116],{"class":67},[53,150844,4718],{"class":112},[53,150846,125],{"class":67},[53,150848,150849],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150850,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150852,150853,150855,150857,150859],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150854,132],{"class":131},[53,150856,116],{"class":67},[53,150858,1617],{"class":112},[53,150860,125],{"class":67},[20,150862,772],{},[44,150864,150865],{"className":46,"code":148812,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,150866,150867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150868,150869,150871,150873,150875,150877,150879,150881],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150870,116],{"class":67},[53,150872,274],{"class":273},[53,150874,81],{"class":67},[53,150876,279],{"class":273},[53,150878,81],{"class":67},[53,150880,284],{"class":273},[53,150882,125],{"class":67},[20,150884,150885,150886,37],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[464,150887,150889],{"href":150888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[599,150891,150893],{"id":150892},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,150895,62899,150896,150898],{},[15,150897,37399],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[44,150900,150902],{"className":46,"code":150901,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150903,150904,150940,150954,150958],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150905,150906,150908,150910,150912,150914,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924,150926,150928,150930,150932,150934,150936,150938],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150907,12563],{"class":59},[53,150909,64],{"class":63},[53,150911,68],{"class":67},[53,150913,72],{"class":71},[53,150915,7032],{"class":75},[53,150917,72],{"class":71},[53,150919,191],{"class":67},[53,150921,84],{"class":71},[53,150923,12244],{"class":75},[53,150925,72],{"class":71},[53,150927,81],{"class":67},[53,150929,84],{"class":71},[53,150931,8667],{"class":75},[53,150933,72],{"class":71},[53,150935,191],{"class":67},[53,150937,8674],{"class":273},[53,150939,101],{"class":67},[53,150941,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,150943,1582],{"class":59},[53,150945,64],{"class":63},[53,150947,148599],{"class":550},[53,150949,116],{"class":67},[53,150951,16666],{"class":112},[53,150953,125],{"class":67},[53,150955,150956],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,150957,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,150959,150960,150962,150964,150966],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,150961,132],{"class":131},[53,150963,116],{"class":67},[53,150965,1617],{"class":112},[53,150967,125],{"class":67},[20,150969,143],{},[44,150971,150973],{"className":46,"code":150972,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,150974,150975],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,150976,150977,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989,150991,150993],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,150978,116],{"class":67},[53,150980,156],{"class":71},[53,150982,7032],{"class":75},[53,150984,156],{"class":71},[53,150986,81],{"class":67},[53,150988,165],{"class":71},[53,150990,8667],{"class":75},[53,150992,156],{"class":71},[53,150994,125],{"class":67},[39,150996,150998],{"id":150997},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151000,151001],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151003,151004,151007],{},[15,151005,151006],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[44,151009,151011],{"className":46,"code":151010,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151012,151013,151049,151053,151067],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151014,151015,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041,151043,151045,151047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151016,12563],{"class":59},[53,151018,64],{"class":63},[53,151020,68],{"class":67},[53,151022,72],{"class":71},[53,151024,7032],{"class":75},[53,151026,72],{"class":71},[53,151028,191],{"class":67},[53,151030,84],{"class":71},[53,151032,12244],{"class":75},[53,151034,72],{"class":71},[53,151036,81],{"class":67},[53,151038,84],{"class":71},[53,151040,8667],{"class":75},[53,151042,72],{"class":71},[53,151044,191],{"class":67},[53,151046,8674],{"class":273},[53,151048,101],{"class":67},[53,151050,151051],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151052,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,151054,151055,151057,151059,151061,151063,151065],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,151056,132],{"class":131},[53,151058,116],{"class":67},[53,151060,48311],{"class":550},[53,151062,116],{"class":67},[53,151064,16666],{"class":112},[53,151066,1377],{"class":67},[53,151068,151069,151071,151073,151075,151077,151079,151081,151083],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,151070,132],{"class":131},[53,151072,116],{"class":67},[53,151074,48311],{"class":550},[53,151076,116],{"class":67},[53,151078,16666],{"class":112},[53,151080,37],{"class":67},[53,151082,7175],{"class":112},[53,151084,5652],{"class":67},[20,151086,772],{},[44,151088,151090],{"className":46,"code":151089,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151091,151092,151112],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151093,151094,151096,151098,151100,151102,151104,151106,151108,151110],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151095,116],{"class":67},[53,151097,156],{"class":71},[53,151099,7032],{"class":75},[53,151101,156],{"class":71},[53,151103,81],{"class":67},[53,151105,165],{"class":71},[53,151107,8667],{"class":75},[53,151109,156],{"class":71},[53,151111,125],{"class":67},[53,151113,151114,151116,151118,151120,151122,151124,151126,151128,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151115,4871],{"class":67},[53,151117,156],{"class":71},[53,151119,7032],{"class":75},[53,151121,156],{"class":71},[53,151123,81],{"class":67},[53,151125,165],{"class":71},[53,151127,12244],{"class":75},[53,151129,156],{"class":71},[53,151131,8602],{"class":67},[53,151133,8605],{"class":67},[53,151135,156],{"class":71},[53,151137,8667],{"class":75},[53,151139,156],{"class":71},[53,151141,81],{"class":67},[53,151143,8674],{"class":273},[53,151145,1377],{"class":67},[20,151147,808],{},[193,151149,151150,151155],{},[196,151151,151152,151154],{},[15,151153,151006],{}," for keys",[196,151156,151157,31911],{},[15,151158,151159],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151161,151162,151163,37],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[464,151164,62909],{"href":62908},[39,151166,151168],{"id":151167},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151170,151171,17677],{},[15,151172,37399],{},[193,151174,151175,151178,151181,151184],{},[196,151176,151177],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[196,151179,151180],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[196,151182,151183],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[196,151185,151186],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151188,1559],{},[44,151190,151192],{"className":46,"code":151191,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151193,151194,151213],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151195,151196,151199,151201,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151197,151198],{"class":59},"coordinates ",[53,151200,64],{"class":63},[53,151202,148599],{"class":550},[53,151204,2341],{"class":67},[53,151206,1858],{"class":273},[53,151208,81],{"class":67},[53,151210,5355],{"class":273},[53,151212,3248],{"class":67},[53,151214,151215,151217,151219,151222],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151216,132],{"class":131},[53,151218,116],{"class":67},[53,151220,151221],{"class":112},"coordinates",[53,151223,125],{"class":67},[20,151225,772],{},[44,151227,151229],{"className":46,"code":151228,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151230,151231],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151232,151233,151235,151237,151239,151241],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151234,116],{"class":67},[53,151236,1858],{"class":273},[53,151238,81],{"class":67},[53,151240,5355],{"class":273},[53,151242,125],{"class":67},[20,151244,151245],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[193,151247,151248,151250,151253,151256],{},[196,151249,151221],{},[196,151251,151252],{},"RGB colors",[196,151254,151255],{},"dates",[196,151257,151258],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[39,151260,151262],{"id":151261},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151264,43785,151265,9968],{},[15,151266,37399],{},[193,151268,151269,151272,151275],{},[196,151270,151271],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[196,151273,151274],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[196,151276,151277],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151279,115724,151280,151282],{},[30,151281,461],{}," work:",[44,151284,151286],{"className":46,"code":151285,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151287,151288],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151289,151290,151292,151294,151296],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151291,48311],{"class":550},[53,151293,116],{"class":67},[53,151295,1487],{"class":273},[53,151297,125],{"class":67},[20,151299,151300],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151302,151303],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[39,151305,114562],{"id":114561},[20,151307,151308],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[599,151310,151312],{"id":151311},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151314,2192],{},[44,151316,151317],{"className":46,"code":151285,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151318,151319],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151320,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151322,48311],{"class":550},[53,151324,116],{"class":67},[53,151326,1487],{"class":273},[53,151328,125],{"class":67},[20,151330,29037],{},[44,151332,151333],{"className":46,"code":63013,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151334,151335],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151336,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349,151351,151353],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151338,2360],{"class":550},[53,151340,191],{"class":67},[53,151342,165],{"class":71},[53,151344,1539],{"class":75},[53,151346,156],{"class":71},[53,151348,23971],{"class":550},[53,151350,7463],{"class":63},[53,151352,7466],{"class":63},[53,151354,63036],{"class":59},[20,151356,151357,151358,37],{},"If you see this, read ",[464,151359,61650],{"href":51958},[599,151361,151363],{"id":151362},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151365,151366],{},"This code:",[44,151368,151370],{"className":46,"code":151369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151371,151372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151373,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151375,48311],{"class":550},[53,151377,116],{"class":67},[53,151379,72],{"class":71},[53,151381,3206],{"class":75},[53,151383,72],{"class":71},[53,151385,125],{"class":67},[20,151387,151388],{},"returns:",[44,151390,151392],{"className":46,"code":151391,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151393,151394],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151395,151396,151398,151400,151402,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151397,116],{"class":67},[53,151399,156],{"class":71},[53,151401,59797],{"class":75},[53,151403,156],{"class":71},[53,151405,81],{"class":67},[53,151407,165],{"class":71},[53,151409,59806],{"class":75},[53,151411,156],{"class":71},[53,151413,81],{"class":67},[53,151415,165],{"class":71},[53,151417,59815],{"class":75},[53,151419,156],{"class":71},[53,151421,81],{"class":67},[53,151423,165],{"class":71},[53,151425,59815],{"class":75},[53,151427,156],{"class":71},[53,151429,81],{"class":67},[53,151431,165],{"class":71},[53,151433,59832],{"class":75},[53,151435,156],{"class":71},[53,151437,125],{"class":67},[20,151439,40260,151440,151442],{},[30,151441,461],{}," return:",[44,151444,151446],{"className":46,"code":151445,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('hello',)\n",[15,151447,151448],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151449,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151451,116],{"class":67},[53,151453,156],{"class":71},[53,151455,3206],{"class":75},[53,151457,156],{"class":71},[53,151459,148589],{"class":67},[20,151461,151462],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[44,151464,151466],{"className":46,"code":151465,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151467,151468,151485],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151469,151470,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151471,151472],{"class":59},"single ",[53,151474,64],{"class":63},[53,151476,8605],{"class":67},[53,151478,72],{"class":71},[53,151480,3206],{"class":75},[53,151482,72],{"class":71},[53,151484,148589],{"class":67},[53,151486,151487,151489,151491,151494],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151488,132],{"class":131},[53,151490,116],{"class":67},[53,151492,151493],{"class":112},"single",[53,151495,125],{"class":67},[599,151497,151499],{"id":151498},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151501,151366],{},[44,151503,151505],{"className":46,"code":151504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151506,151507,151539],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151508,151509,151511,151513,151515,151517,151519,151521,151523,151525,151527,151529,151531,151533,151535,151537],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151510,8534],{"class":59},[53,151512,64],{"class":63},[53,151514,68],{"class":67},[53,151516,72],{"class":71},[53,151518,464],{"class":75},[53,151520,72],{"class":71},[53,151522,191],{"class":67},[53,151524,4858],{"class":273},[53,151526,81],{"class":67},[53,151528,84],{"class":71},[53,151530,637],{"class":75},[53,151532,72],{"class":71},[53,151534,191],{"class":67},[53,151536,279],{"class":273},[53,151538,101],{"class":67},[53,151540,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151542,132],{"class":131},[53,151544,116],{"class":67},[53,151546,48311],{"class":550},[53,151548,116],{"class":67},[53,151550,8573],{"class":112},[53,151552,1377],{"class":67},[20,151554,151555],{},"returns only the keys:",[44,151557,151559],{"className":46,"code":151558,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151560,151561],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151562,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575,151577,151579],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151564,116],{"class":67},[53,151566,156],{"class":71},[53,151568,464],{"class":75},[53,151570,156],{"class":71},[53,151572,81],{"class":67},[53,151574,165],{"class":71},[53,151576,637],{"class":75},[53,151578,156],{"class":71},[53,151580,125],{"class":67},[20,151582,151583],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[44,151585,151587],{"className":46,"code":151586,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151588,151589],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151590,151591,151593,151595,151597,151599,151601,151603,151605],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151592,132],{"class":131},[53,151594,116],{"class":67},[53,151596,48311],{"class":550},[53,151598,116],{"class":67},[53,151600,8573],{"class":112},[53,151602,37],{"class":67},[53,151604,7175],{"class":112},[53,151606,5652],{"class":67},[599,151608,151610],{"id":151609},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151612,151613,151614,151616],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151615,37399],{}," conversion.",[20,151618,4832],{},[44,151620,151622],{"className":46,"code":151621,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151623,151624,151644],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151625,151626,151628,151630,151632,151634,151636,151638,151640,151642],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151627,1801],{"class":59},[53,151629,64],{"class":63},[53,151631,8605],{"class":67},[53,151633,274],{"class":273},[53,151635,81],{"class":67},[53,151637,279],{"class":273},[53,151639,81],{"class":67},[53,151641,284],{"class":273},[53,151643,125],{"class":67},[53,151645,151646,151648,151650,151652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151647,132],{"class":131},[53,151649,116],{"class":67},[53,151651,236],{"class":112},[53,151653,125],{"class":67},[20,151655,151656],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151658,24860,151659,151661],{},[15,151660,37399],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[39,151663,1187],{"id":1186},[599,151665,151667],{"id":151666},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151669,151670],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[599,151672,151674],{"id":151673},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151676,151677,151678,37],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151679,6729],{},[599,151681,151683],{"id":151682},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151685,151686],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[599,151688,151690],{"id":151689},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151692,151693],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[599,151695,151697],{"id":151696},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151699,151700,151701,37],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151702,2360],{},[39,151704,1244],{"id":1243},[193,151706,151707,151711,151715,151719,151723,151727],{},[196,151708,151709],{},[464,151710,147233],{"href":147232},[196,151712,151713],{},[464,151714,150160],{"href":148536},[196,151716,151717],{},[464,151718,104393],{"href":59414},[196,151720,151721],{},[464,151722,150889],{"href":150888},[196,151724,151725],{},[464,151726,62909],{"href":62908},[196,151728,151729],{},[464,151730,61650],{"href":51958},[1276,151732,151733],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":151735},[151736,151737,151738,151739,151740,151747,151748,151749,151750,151756,151763],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":150363,"depth":104,"text":150364},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":148909,"depth":104,"text":148910},{"id":150532,"depth":104,"text":150533,"children":151741},[151742,151743,151744,151745,151746],{"id":150536,"depth":128,"text":150537},{"id":150624,"depth":128,"text":150625},{"id":150723,"depth":128,"text":150724},{"id":150803,"depth":128,"text":150804},{"id":150892,"depth":128,"text":150893},{"id":150997,"depth":104,"text":150998},{"id":151167,"depth":104,"text":151168},{"id":151261,"depth":104,"text":151262},{"id":114561,"depth":104,"text":114562,"children":151751},[151752,151753,151754,151755],{"id":151311,"depth":128,"text":151312},{"id":151362,"depth":128,"text":151363},{"id":151498,"depth":128,"text":151499},{"id":151609,"depth":128,"text":151610},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":151757},[151758,151759,151760,151761,151762],{"id":151666,"depth":128,"text":151667},{"id":151673,"depth":128,"text":151674},{"id":151682,"depth":128,"text":151683},{"id":151689,"depth":128,"text":151690},{"id":151696,"depth":128,"text":151697},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150218,"description":151764},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151771,"title":151772,"body":151773,"description":153186,"extension":1312,"meta":153187,"navigation":383,"path":153188,"seo":153189,"stem":153190,"__hash__":153191},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151774,"toc":153158},[151775,151780,151785,151788,151790,151869,151875,151880,151884,151899,151901,151948,151950,151958,151966,151972,151974,151979,151999,152002,152029,152031,152055,152057,152199,152201,152205,152213,152216,152218,152295,152297,152305,152309,152313,152323,152333,152335,152340,152342,152401,152406,152408,152508,152510,152524,152529,152535,152542,152545,152547,152657,152661,152678,152680,152743,152745,152753,152765,152769,152774,152802,152805,152887,152889,152900,152902,152906,152933,152935,152937,153017,153025,153027,153082,153084,153089,153092,153096,153100,153102,153106,153110,153118,153125,153128,153130,153155],[10,151776,147117,151778,18],{"id":151777},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151779,58326],{},[20,151781,151782,151784],{},[15,151783,148438],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151786,151787],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[39,151789,42],{"id":41},[44,151791,151793],{"className":46,"code":151792,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151794,151795,151835,151857],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151796,151797,151799,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817,151819,151821,151823,151825,151827,151829,151831,151833],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151798,60],{"class":59},[53,151800,64],{"class":63},[53,151802,8605],{"class":67},[53,151804,72],{"class":71},[53,151806,76],{"class":75},[53,151808,72],{"class":71},[53,151810,81],{"class":67},[53,151812,84],{"class":71},[53,151814,87],{"class":75},[53,151816,72],{"class":71},[53,151818,81],{"class":67},[53,151820,84],{"class":71},[53,151822,96],{"class":75},[53,151824,72],{"class":71},[53,151826,81],{"class":67},[53,151828,84],{"class":71},[53,151830,87],{"class":75},[53,151832,72],{"class":71},[53,151834,125],{"class":67},[53,151836,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151838,64279],{"class":59},[53,151840,64],{"class":63},[53,151842,899],{"class":59},[53,151844,37],{"class":67},[53,151846,35201],{"class":112},[53,151848,116],{"class":67},[53,151850,72],{"class":71},[53,151852,87],{"class":75},[53,151854,72],{"class":71},[53,151856,125],{"class":67},[53,151858,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,151860,132],{"class":131},[53,151862,116],{"class":67},[53,151864,64306],{"class":112},[53,151866,3021],{"class":67},[53,151868,27135],{"class":3024},[20,151870,151871,151874],{},[15,151872,151873],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[39,151876,183,151878,186],{"id":151877},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,151879,148438],{},[20,151881,1329,151882,10778],{},[15,151883,58326],{},[193,151885,151886,151889,151891,151894],{},[196,151887,151888],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[196,151890,127715],{},[196,151892,151893],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[196,151895,151896,151897],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,151898,1470],{},[20,151900,1559],{},[44,151902,151904],{"className":46,"code":151903,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,151905,151906,151930],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151907,151908,151910,151912,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151909,266],{"class":59},[53,151911,64],{"class":63},[53,151913,8605],{"class":67},[53,151915,1684],{"class":273},[53,151917,81],{"class":67},[53,151919,7155],{"class":273},[53,151921,81],{"class":67},[53,151923,7160],{"class":273},[53,151925,81],{"class":67},[53,151927,7155],{"class":273},[53,151929,125],{"class":67},[53,151931,151932,151934,151936,151938,151940,151942,151944,151946],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,151933,132],{"class":131},[53,151935,116],{"class":67},[53,151937,291],{"class":112},[53,151939,37],{"class":67},[53,151941,35201],{"class":112},[53,151943,116],{"class":67},[53,151945,15114],{"class":273},[53,151947,1377],{"class":67},[20,151949,772],{},[44,151951,151952],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,151953,151954],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151955,151956],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151957,46274],{"class":273},[20,151959,20334,151960,151962,151963,151965],{},[15,151961,15114],{}," appears twice, ",[15,151964,58326],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,151967,150384,151968,37],{},[464,151969,151971],{"href":151970},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[39,151973,217],{"id":216},[20,151975,7127,151976,151978],{},[15,151977,58326],{}," in two ways:",[44,151980,151982],{"className":46,"code":151981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,151983,151984],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,151985,151986,151989,151991,151993,151995,151997],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,151987,151988],{"class":59},"tuple_name",[53,151990,37],{"class":67},[53,151992,35201],{"class":112},[53,151994,116],{"class":67},[53,151996,236],{"class":112},[53,151998,125],{"class":67},[20,152000,152001],{},"or:",[44,152003,152005],{"className":46,"code":152004,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152006,152007],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152008,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019,152021,152023,152025,152027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152010,151988],{"class":59},[53,152012,37],{"class":67},[53,152014,35201],{"class":112},[53,152016,116],{"class":67},[53,152018,236],{"class":112},[53,152020,81],{"class":67},[53,152022,35407],{"class":112},[53,152024,81],{"class":67},[53,152026,64400],{"class":112},[53,152028,125],{"class":67},[599,152030,16754],{"id":16753},[193,152032,152033,152038,152043,152048],{},[196,152034,152035,152037],{},[15,152036,236],{}," — the item to search for",[196,152039,152040,152042],{},[15,152041,35428],{}," — optional starting position",[196,152044,152045,152047],{},[15,152046,52019],{}," — optional ending position",[196,152049,152050,4141,152052,152054],{},[15,152051,52019],{},[30,152053,64429],{}," in the search",[20,152056,1559],{},[44,152058,152060],{"className":46,"code":152059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152061,152062,152110,152114,152139,152167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152063,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072,152074,152076,152078,152080,152082,152084,152086,152088,152090,152092,152094,152096,152098,152100,152102,152104,152106,152108],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152065,620],{"class":59},[53,152067,64],{"class":63},[53,152069,8605],{"class":67},[53,152071,72],{"class":71},[53,152073,464],{"class":75},[53,152075,72],{"class":71},[53,152077,81],{"class":67},[53,152079,84],{"class":71},[53,152081,637],{"class":75},[53,152083,72],{"class":71},[53,152085,81],{"class":67},[53,152087,84],{"class":71},[53,152089,646],{"class":75},[53,152091,72],{"class":71},[53,152093,81],{"class":67},[53,152095,84],{"class":71},[53,152097,637],{"class":75},[53,152099,72],{"class":71},[53,152101,81],{"class":67},[53,152103,84],{"class":71},[53,152105,666],{"class":75},[53,152107,72],{"class":71},[53,152109,125],{"class":67},[53,152111,152112],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152113,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,152115,152116,152118,152120,152122,152124,152126,152128,152130,152132,152134,152136],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152117,132],{"class":131},[53,152119,116],{"class":67},[53,152121,655],{"class":112},[53,152123,37],{"class":67},[53,152125,35201],{"class":112},[53,152127,116],{"class":67},[53,152129,72],{"class":71},[53,152131,637],{"class":75},[53,152133,72],{"class":71},[53,152135,4721],{"class":67},[53,152137,152138],{"class":3024},"        # 1\n",[53,152140,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,152142,132],{"class":131},[53,152144,116],{"class":67},[53,152146,655],{"class":112},[53,152148,37],{"class":67},[53,152150,35201],{"class":112},[53,152152,116],{"class":67},[53,152154,72],{"class":71},[53,152156,637],{"class":75},[53,152158,72],{"class":71},[53,152160,81],{"class":67},[53,152162,279],{"class":273},[53,152164,4721],{"class":67},[53,152166,50277],{"class":3024},[53,152168,152169,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189,152191,152193,152195,152197],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,152170,132],{"class":131},[53,152172,116],{"class":67},[53,152174,655],{"class":112},[53,152176,37],{"class":67},[53,152178,35201],{"class":112},[53,152180,116],{"class":67},[53,152182,72],{"class":71},[53,152184,637],{"class":75},[53,152186,72],{"class":71},[53,152188,81],{"class":67},[53,152190,4858],{"class":273},[53,152192,81],{"class":67},[53,152194,284],{"class":273},[53,152196,4721],{"class":67},[53,152198,27135],{"class":3024},[39,152200,102721],{"id":102720},[20,152202,152203,24863],{},[15,152204,148438],{},[193,152206,152207,152210],{},[196,152208,152209],{},"An integer",[196,152211,152212],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152214,152215],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152217,1559],{},[44,152219,152221],{"className":46,"code":152220,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152222,152223,152263,152285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152224,152225,152227,152229,152231,152233,152235,152237,152239,152241,152243,152245,152247,152249,152251,152253,152255,152257,152259,152261],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152226,107817],{"class":59},[53,152228,64],{"class":63},[53,152230,8605],{"class":67},[53,152232,72],{"class":71},[53,152234,36400],{"class":75},[53,152236,72],{"class":71},[53,152238,81],{"class":67},[53,152240,84],{"class":71},[53,152242,57485],{"class":75},[53,152244,72],{"class":71},[53,152246,81],{"class":67},[53,152248,84],{"class":71},[53,152250,57502],{"class":75},[53,152252,72],{"class":71},[53,152254,81],{"class":67},[53,152256,84],{"class":71},[53,152258,57485],{"class":75},[53,152260,72],{"class":71},[53,152262,125],{"class":67},[53,152264,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152266,1582],{"class":59},[53,152268,64],{"class":63},[53,152270,107860],{"class":59},[53,152272,37],{"class":67},[53,152274,35201],{"class":112},[53,152276,116],{"class":67},[53,152278,72],{"class":71},[53,152280,57485],{"class":75},[53,152282,72],{"class":71},[53,152284,125],{"class":67},[53,152286,152287,152289,152291,152293],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152288,132],{"class":131},[53,152290,116],{"class":67},[53,152292,1617],{"class":112},[53,152294,125],{"class":67},[20,152296,772],{},[44,152298,152299],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152300,152301],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152302,152303],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152304,46274],{"class":273},[39,152306,152308],{"id":152307},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152310,174,152311,9968],{},[15,152312,148438],{},[193,152314,152315,152317,152320],{},[196,152316,65457],{},[196,152318,152319],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[196,152321,152322],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152324,152325,152326,152329,152330,37],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152327,152328],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[464,152331,148906],{"href":152332},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[39,152334,64989],{"id":64988},[20,152336,152337,152338,37],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152339,40058],{},[20,152341,1559],{},[44,152343,152345],{"className":46,"code":152344,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152346,152347,152379],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152348,152349,152351,152353,152355,152357,152359,152361,152363,152365,152367,152369,152371,152373,152375,152377],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152350,60],{"class":59},[53,152352,64],{"class":63},[53,152354,8605],{"class":67},[53,152356,72],{"class":71},[53,152358,76],{"class":75},[53,152360,72],{"class":71},[53,152362,81],{"class":67},[53,152364,84],{"class":71},[53,152366,87],{"class":75},[53,152368,72],{"class":71},[53,152370,81],{"class":67},[53,152372,84],{"class":71},[53,152374,96],{"class":75},[53,152376,72],{"class":71},[53,152378,125],{"class":67},[53,152380,152381,152383,152385,152387,152389,152391,152393,152395,152397,152399],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152382,132],{"class":131},[53,152384,116],{"class":67},[53,152386,107],{"class":112},[53,152388,37],{"class":67},[53,152390,35201],{"class":112},[53,152392,116],{"class":67},[53,152394,72],{"class":71},[53,152396,531],{"class":75},[53,152398,72],{"class":71},[53,152400,1377],{"class":67},[20,152402,39007,152403,152405],{},[15,152404,565],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152407,65064],{},[44,152409,152411],{"className":46,"code":152410,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152412,152413,152445,152449,152465,152487,152493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152414,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441,152443],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152416,60],{"class":59},[53,152418,64],{"class":63},[53,152420,8605],{"class":67},[53,152422,72],{"class":71},[53,152424,76],{"class":75},[53,152426,72],{"class":71},[53,152428,81],{"class":67},[53,152430,84],{"class":71},[53,152432,87],{"class":75},[53,152434,72],{"class":71},[53,152436,81],{"class":67},[53,152438,84],{"class":71},[53,152440,96],{"class":75},[53,152442,72],{"class":71},[53,152444,125],{"class":67},[53,152446,152447],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152448,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,152450,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152452,1106],{"class":1105},[53,152454,84],{"class":71},[53,152456,531],{"class":75},[53,152458,72],{"class":71},[53,152460,1115],{"class":63},[53,152462,899],{"class":59},[53,152464,1120],{"class":67},[53,152466,152467,152469,152471,152473,152475,152477,152479,152481,152483,152485],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,152468,7435],{"class":131},[53,152470,116],{"class":67},[53,152472,107],{"class":112},[53,152474,37],{"class":67},[53,152476,35201],{"class":112},[53,152478,116],{"class":67},[53,152480,72],{"class":71},[53,152482,531],{"class":75},[53,152484,72],{"class":71},[53,152486,1377],{"class":67},[53,152488,152489,152491],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,152490,26789],{"class":1105},[53,152492,1120],{"class":67},[53,152494,152495,152497,152499,152501,152504,152506],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,152496,7435],{"class":131},[53,152498,116],{"class":67},[53,152500,72],{"class":71},[53,152502,152503],{"class":75},"Value not found",[53,152505,72],{"class":71},[53,152507,125],{"class":67},[20,152509,772],{},[44,152511,152513],{"className":46,"code":152512,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Value not found\n",[15,152514,152515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152516,152517,152520,152522],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152518,152519],{"class":59},"Value ",[53,152521,461],{"class":63},[53,152523,65188],{"class":59},[20,152525,152526,152527,37],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[464,152528,65198],{"href":65197},[39,152530,7785,152531,594,152533],{"id":64765},[15,152532,35428],{},[15,152534,52019],{},[20,152536,1329,152537,594,152539,152541],{},[15,152538,35428],{},[15,152540,52019],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152543,152544],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152546,1559],{},[44,152548,152550],{"className":46,"code":152549,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152551,152552,152580,152584,152605,152629],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152553,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152555,3183],{"class":59},[53,152557,64],{"class":63},[53,152559,8605],{"class":67},[53,152561,1487],{"class":273},[53,152563,81],{"class":67},[53,152565,5366],{"class":273},[53,152567,81],{"class":67},[53,152569,3963],{"class":273},[53,152571,81],{"class":67},[53,152573,7155],{"class":273},[53,152575,81],{"class":67},[53,152577,3963],{"class":273},[53,152579,125],{"class":67},[53,152581,152582],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152583,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,152585,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152587,132],{"class":131},[53,152589,116],{"class":67},[53,152591,4718],{"class":112},[53,152593,37],{"class":67},[53,152595,35201],{"class":112},[53,152597,116],{"class":67},[53,152599,1487],{"class":273},[53,152601,4721],{"class":67},[53,152603,152604],{"class":3024},"        # 0\n",[53,152606,152607,152609,152611,152613,152615,152617,152619,152621,152623,152625,152627],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,152608,132],{"class":131},[53,152610,116],{"class":67},[53,152612,4718],{"class":112},[53,152614,37],{"class":67},[53,152616,35201],{"class":112},[53,152618,116],{"class":67},[53,152620,1487],{"class":273},[53,152622,81],{"class":67},[53,152624,4858],{"class":273},[53,152626,4721],{"class":67},[53,152628,50311],{"class":3024},[53,152630,152631,152633,152635,152637,152639,152641,152643,152645,152647,152649,152651,152653,152655],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,152632,132],{"class":131},[53,152634,116],{"class":67},[53,152636,4718],{"class":112},[53,152638,37],{"class":67},[53,152640,35201],{"class":112},[53,152642,116],{"class":67},[53,152644,1487],{"class":273},[53,152646,81],{"class":67},[53,152648,284],{"class":273},[53,152650,81],{"class":67},[53,152652,3963],{"class":273},[53,152654,4721],{"class":67},[53,152656,50294],{"class":3024},[599,152658,152660],{"id":152659},"how-it-works","How it works",[193,152662,152663,152668,152673],{},[196,152664,152665,152667],{},[15,152666,35428],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[196,152669,152670,152672],{},[15,152671,52019],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[196,152674,1329,152675,152677],{},[15,152676,52019],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152679,1559],{},[44,152681,152683],{"className":46,"code":152682,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152684,152685,152713,152717],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152686,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152688,3183],{"class":59},[53,152690,64],{"class":63},[53,152692,8605],{"class":67},[53,152694,1487],{"class":273},[53,152696,81],{"class":67},[53,152698,5366],{"class":273},[53,152700,81],{"class":67},[53,152702,3963],{"class":273},[53,152704,81],{"class":67},[53,152706,7155],{"class":273},[53,152708,81],{"class":67},[53,152710,3963],{"class":273},[53,152712,125],{"class":67},[53,152714,152715],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152716,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,152718,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152720,132],{"class":131},[53,152722,116],{"class":67},[53,152724,4718],{"class":112},[53,152726,37],{"class":67},[53,152728,35201],{"class":112},[53,152730,116],{"class":67},[53,152732,1487],{"class":273},[53,152734,81],{"class":67},[53,152736,4858],{"class":273},[53,152738,81],{"class":67},[53,152740,1811],{"class":273},[53,152742,1377],{"class":67},[20,152744,772],{},[44,152746,152747],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,152748,152749],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152750,152751],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152752,16415],{"class":273},[20,152754,152755,152756,1540,152758,16431,152760,152762,152763,37],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152757,274],{},[15,152759,300],{},[15,152761,1412],{},", but not ",[15,152764,1858],{},[39,152766,152768],{"id":152767},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152770,152771,152772,191],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152773,148438],{},[193,152775,152776,152784,152789,152796],{},[196,152777,152778,152779,152781,152782],{},"Do not confuse the ",[30,152780,236],{}," with the ",[30,152783,35201],{},[196,152785,152786,152787],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152788,1470],{},[196,152790,174,152791,152795],{},[464,152792,148464,152793,830],{"href":148516},[15,152794,56648],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[196,152797,152798,152799,152801],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,152800,152328],{}," when you already know the position",[20,152803,152804],{},"Example of value vs index:",[44,152806,152808],{"className":46,"code":152807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,152809,152810,152842,152846,152870],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152811,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832,152834,152836,152838,152840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152813,347],{"class":59},[53,152815,64],{"class":63},[53,152817,8605],{"class":67},[53,152819,72],{"class":71},[53,152821,356],{"class":75},[53,152823,72],{"class":71},[53,152825,81],{"class":67},[53,152827,84],{"class":71},[53,152829,365],{"class":75},[53,152831,72],{"class":71},[53,152833,81],{"class":67},[53,152835,84],{"class":71},[53,152837,374],{"class":75},[53,152839,72],{"class":71},[53,152841,125],{"class":67},[53,152843,152844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152845,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,152847,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152849,132],{"class":131},[53,152851,116],{"class":67},[53,152853,389],{"class":112},[53,152855,37],{"class":67},[53,152857,35201],{"class":112},[53,152859,116],{"class":67},[53,152861,72],{"class":71},[53,152863,365],{"class":75},[53,152865,72],{"class":71},[53,152867,4721],{"class":67},[53,152869,27135],{"class":3024},[53,152871,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,152873,132],{"class":131},[53,152875,116],{"class":67},[53,152877,389],{"class":112},[53,152879,3260],{"class":67},[53,152881,274],{"class":273},[53,152883,19802],{"class":67},[53,152885,152886],{"class":3024},"               # banana\n",[20,152888,1529],{},[193,152890,152891,152895],{},[196,152892,152893,14607],{},[15,152894,454],{},[196,152896,152897,152899],{},[15,152898,274],{}," is the index",[39,152901,2185],{"id":2184},[20,152903,105458,152904,191],{},[15,152905,148438],{},[193,152907,152908,152911,152916,152921,152928],{},[196,152909,152910],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[196,152912,838,152913,152915],{},[15,152914,58326],{}," to return all matching positions",[196,152917,152918,152919],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,152920,1470],{},[196,152922,152923,152924,594,152926],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,152925,35428],{},[15,152927,52019],{},[196,152929,1151,152930,152932],{},[15,152931,148438],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[599,152934,60069],{"id":60068},[20,152936,93739],{},[44,152938,152940],{"className":46,"code":152939,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,152941,152942,152952,152966,152981,152999],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,152943,152944,152946,152948,152950],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,152945,132],{"class":131},[53,152947,116],{"class":67},[53,152949,147251],{"class":112},[53,152951,125],{"class":67},[53,152953,152954,152956,152958,152960,152962,152964],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,152955,132],{"class":131},[53,152957,116],{"class":67},[53,152959,10528],{"class":131},[53,152961,116],{"class":67},[53,152963,147251],{"class":112},[53,152965,1377],{"class":67},[53,152967,152968,152970,152972,152974,152976,152979],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,152969,132],{"class":131},[53,152971,116],{"class":67},[53,152973,1801],{"class":112},[53,152975,1067],{"class":1105},[53,152977,152978],{"class":112}," my_tuple",[53,152980,125],{"class":67},[53,152982,152983,152985,152987,152989,152991,152993,152995,152997],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,152984,132],{"class":131},[53,152986,116],{"class":67},[53,152988,147251],{"class":112},[53,152990,37],{"class":67},[53,152992,40614],{"class":112},[53,152994,116],{"class":67},[53,152996,236],{"class":112},[53,152998,1377],{"class":67},[53,153000,153001,153003,153005,153007,153009,153011,153013,153015],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,153002,132],{"class":131},[53,153004,116],{"class":67},[53,153006,147251],{"class":112},[53,153008,37],{"class":67},[53,153010,35201],{"class":112},[53,153012,116],{"class":67},[53,153014,236],{"class":112},[53,153016,1377],{"class":67},[20,153018,153019,153020,83756,153022,153024],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153021,40058],{},[15,153023,236],{}," is missing.",[20,153026,128868],{},[44,153028,153030],{"className":46,"code":153029,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153031,153032,153044,153062,153068],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153033,153034,153036,153038,153040,153042],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153035,1106],{"class":1105},[53,153037,20939],{"class":59},[53,153039,1067],{"class":63},[53,153041,152978],{"class":59},[53,153043,1120],{"class":67},[53,153045,153046,153048,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153047,7435],{"class":131},[53,153049,116],{"class":67},[53,153051,147251],{"class":112},[53,153053,37],{"class":67},[53,153055,35201],{"class":112},[53,153057,116],{"class":67},[53,153059,236],{"class":112},[53,153061,1377],{"class":67},[53,153063,153064,153066],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153065,26789],{"class":1105},[53,153067,1120],{"class":67},[53,153069,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078,153080],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,153071,7435],{"class":131},[53,153073,116],{"class":67},[53,153075,72],{"class":71},[53,153077,152503],{"class":75},[53,153079,72],{"class":71},[53,153081,125],{"class":67},[39,153083,1187],{"id":1186},[599,153085,4501,153087,12080],{"id":153086},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153088,148438],{},[20,153090,153091],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[599,153093,153095],{"id":153094},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153097,153098,151965],{},[15,153099,148438],{},[599,153101,148417],{"id":148416},[20,153103,76217,153104,37],{},[15,153105,40058],{},[599,153107,153109],{"id":153108},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153111,153112,153113,594,153115,153117],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153114,35428],{},[15,153116,52019],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[599,153119,14263,153121,56563,153123,1222],{"id":153120},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153122,148438],{},[15,153124,64225],{},[20,153126,153127],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[39,153129,1244],{"id":1243},[193,153131,153132,153138,153142,153147,153151],{},[196,153133,153134],{},[464,153135,148464,153136,830],{"href":148516},[15,153137,56648],{},[196,153139,153140],{},[464,153141,148906],{"href":152332},[196,153143,153144],{},[464,153145,153146],{"href":150212},"Creating a tuple in Python",[196,153148,153149],{},[464,153150,65198],{"href":65197},[196,153152,153153],{},[464,153154,150160],{"href":151970},[1276,153156,153157],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":153159},[153160,153161,153163,153166,153167,153168,153169,153172,153173,153176,153185],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":151877,"depth":104,"text":153162},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217,"children":153164},[153165],{"id":16753,"depth":128,"text":16754},{"id":102720,"depth":104,"text":102721},{"id":152307,"depth":104,"text":152308},{"id":64988,"depth":104,"text":64989},{"id":64765,"depth":104,"text":65548,"children":153170},[153171],{"id":152659,"depth":128,"text":152660},{"id":152767,"depth":104,"text":152768},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185,"children":153174},[153175],{"id":60068,"depth":128,"text":60069},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":153177},[153178,153180,153181,153182,153183],{"id":153086,"depth":128,"text":153179},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153094,"depth":128,"text":153095},{"id":148416,"depth":128,"text":148417},{"id":153108,"depth":128,"text":153109},{"id":153120,"depth":128,"text":153184},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151772,"description":153186},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153193,"title":153194,"body":153195,"description":154590,"extension":1312,"meta":154591,"navigation":383,"path":152332,"seo":154592,"stem":154593,"__hash__":154594},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153196,"toc":154572},[153197,153200,153203,153206,153220,153222,153225,153319,153329,153335,153339,153342,153345,153347,153365,153367,153438,153440,153457,153461,153465,153468,153485,153488,153503,153505,153596,153599,153603,153606,153623,153625,153720,153723,153726,153730,153733,153827,153829,153848,153851,153855,153858,153860,153915,153917,153952,153955,153969,153977,154070,154079,154083,154086,154093,154096,154143,154145,154153,154156,154207,154209,154226,154231,154235,154238,154241,154243,154294,154297,154352,154355,154358,154360,154363,154383,154385,154458,154461,154474,154476,154480,154485,154489,154494,154511,154515,154518,154535,154539,154542,154544,154569],[10,153198,153194],{"id":153199},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153201,153202],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153204,153205],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[193,153207,153208,153211,153214,153217],{},[196,153209,153210],{},"positive indexes",[196,153212,153213],{},"negative indexes",[196,153215,153216],{},"common indexing mistakes",[196,153218,153219],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[39,153221,2968],{"id":2967},[20,153223,153224],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[44,153226,153228],{"className":46,"code":153227,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153229,153230,153262,153266,153283,153300],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153231,153232,153234,153236,153238,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153233,60],{"class":59},[53,153235,64],{"class":63},[53,153237,8605],{"class":67},[53,153239,72],{"class":71},[53,153241,76],{"class":75},[53,153243,72],{"class":71},[53,153245,81],{"class":67},[53,153247,84],{"class":71},[53,153249,96],{"class":75},[53,153251,72],{"class":71},[53,153253,81],{"class":67},[53,153255,84],{"class":71},[53,153257,87],{"class":75},[53,153259,72],{"class":71},[53,153261,125],{"class":67},[53,153263,153264],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153265,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,153267,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153269,132],{"class":131},[53,153271,116],{"class":67},[53,153273,107],{"class":112},[53,153275,3260],{"class":67},[53,153277,1470],{"class":273},[53,153279,19802],{"class":67},[53,153281,153282],{"class":3024},"   # red\n",[53,153284,153285,153287,153289,153291,153293,153295,153297],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,153286,132],{"class":131},[53,153288,116],{"class":67},[53,153290,107],{"class":112},[53,153292,3260],{"class":67},[53,153294,274],{"class":273},[53,153296,19802],{"class":67},[53,153298,153299],{"class":3024},"   # green\n",[53,153301,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310,153312,153314,153316],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,153303,132],{"class":131},[53,153305,116],{"class":67},[53,153307,107],{"class":112},[53,153309,3260],{"class":67},[53,153311,1371],{"class":63},[53,153313,274],{"class":273},[53,153315,19802],{"class":67},[53,153317,153318],{"class":3024},"  # blue\n",[193,153320,153321,153326],{},[196,153322,131657,153323,153325],{},[15,153324,1470],{}," is the first item.",[196,153327,153328],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153330,153331,153332,37],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[464,153333,153334],{"href":147236},"how to create a tuple in Python",[39,153336,153338],{"id":153337},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153340,153341],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153343,153344],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153346,10824],{},[193,153348,153349,153352,153359,153362],{},[196,153350,153351],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[196,153353,153354,153355,18320,153357],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153356,1470],{},[15,153358,274],{},[196,153360,153361],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[196,153363,153364],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153366,1559],{},[44,153368,153370],{"className":46,"code":153369,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153371,153372,153392,153396,153410,153424],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153373,153374,153376,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153375,266],{"class":59},[53,153377,64],{"class":63},[53,153379,8605],{"class":67},[53,153381,1684],{"class":273},[53,153383,81],{"class":67},[53,153385,7155],{"class":273},[53,153387,81],{"class":67},[53,153389,7160],{"class":273},[53,153391,125],{"class":67},[53,153393,153394],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153395,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,153397,153398,153400,153402,153404,153406,153408],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153399,132],{"class":131},[53,153401,116],{"class":67},[53,153403,291],{"class":112},[53,153405,3260],{"class":67},[53,153407,1470],{"class":273},[53,153409,3248],{"class":67},[53,153411,153412,153414,153416,153418,153420,153422],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,153413,132],{"class":131},[53,153415,116],{"class":67},[53,153417,291],{"class":112},[53,153419,3260],{"class":67},[53,153421,274],{"class":273},[53,153423,3248],{"class":67},[53,153425,153426,153428,153430,153432,153434,153436],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,153427,132],{"class":131},[53,153429,116],{"class":67},[53,153431,291],{"class":112},[53,153433,3260],{"class":67},[53,153435,300],{"class":273},[53,153437,3248],{"class":67},[20,153439,772],{},[44,153441,153443],{"className":46,"code":153442,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153444,153445,153449,153453],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153446,153447],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153448,1730],{"class":273},[53,153450,153451],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153452,70583],{"class":273},[53,153454,153455],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153456,69199],{"class":273},[20,153458,58751,153459,37],{},[464,153460,147233],{"href":147232},[39,153462,153464],{"id":153463},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153466,153467],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[193,153469,153470,153475,153480],{},[196,153471,153472,153474],{},[15,153473,1470],{}," = first item",[196,153476,153477,153479],{},[15,153478,274],{}," = second item",[196,153481,153482,153484],{},[15,153483,300],{}," = third item",[20,153486,153487],{},"Pattern:",[44,153489,153491],{"className":46,"code":153490,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153492,153493],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153494,153495,153497,153499,153501],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153496,151988],{"class":59},[53,153498,3260],{"class":67},[53,153500,35201],{"class":59},[53,153502,2995],{"class":67},[20,153504,1559],{},[44,153506,153508],{"className":46,"code":153507,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153509,153510,153542,153546,153563,153579],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153511,153512,153514,153516,153518,153520,153522,153524,153526,153528,153530,153532,153534,153536,153538,153540],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153513,347],{"class":59},[53,153515,64],{"class":63},[53,153517,8605],{"class":67},[53,153519,72],{"class":71},[53,153521,356],{"class":75},[53,153523,72],{"class":71},[53,153525,81],{"class":67},[53,153527,84],{"class":71},[53,153529,365],{"class":75},[53,153531,72],{"class":71},[53,153533,81],{"class":67},[53,153535,84],{"class":71},[53,153537,3456],{"class":75},[53,153539,72],{"class":71},[53,153541,125],{"class":67},[53,153543,153544],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153545,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,153547,153548,153550,153552,153554,153556,153558,153560],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153549,132],{"class":131},[53,153551,116],{"class":67},[53,153553,389],{"class":112},[53,153555,3260],{"class":67},[53,153557,1470],{"class":273},[53,153559,19802],{"class":67},[53,153561,153562],{"class":3024},"  # apple\n",[53,153564,153565,153567,153569,153571,153573,153575,153577],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,153566,132],{"class":131},[53,153568,116],{"class":67},[53,153570,389],{"class":112},[53,153572,3260],{"class":67},[53,153574,274],{"class":273},[53,153576,19802],{"class":67},[53,153578,50845],{"class":3024},[53,153580,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,153582,132],{"class":131},[53,153584,116],{"class":67},[53,153586,389],{"class":112},[53,153588,3260],{"class":67},[53,153590,300],{"class":273},[53,153592,19802],{"class":67},[53,153594,153595],{"class":3024},"  # cherry\n",[20,153597,153598],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[39,153600,153602],{"id":153601},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153604,153605],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[193,153607,153608,153613,153618],{},[196,153609,153610,153612],{},[15,153611,65213],{}," = last item",[196,153614,153615,153617],{},[15,153616,94769],{}," = second-to-last item",[196,153619,153620,153622],{},[15,153621,47028],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153624,1559],{},[44,153626,153628],{"className":46,"code":153627,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153629,153630,153662,153666,153684,153702],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153631,153632,153634,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650,153652,153654,153656,153658,153660],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153633,347],{"class":59},[53,153635,64],{"class":63},[53,153637,8605],{"class":67},[53,153639,72],{"class":71},[53,153641,356],{"class":75},[53,153643,72],{"class":71},[53,153645,81],{"class":67},[53,153647,84],{"class":71},[53,153649,365],{"class":75},[53,153651,72],{"class":71},[53,153653,81],{"class":67},[53,153655,84],{"class":71},[53,153657,3456],{"class":75},[53,153659,72],{"class":71},[53,153661,125],{"class":67},[53,153663,153664],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153665,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,153667,153668,153670,153672,153674,153676,153678,153680,153682],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153669,132],{"class":131},[53,153671,116],{"class":67},[53,153673,389],{"class":112},[53,153675,3260],{"class":67},[53,153677,1371],{"class":63},[53,153679,274],{"class":273},[53,153681,19802],{"class":67},[53,153683,153595],{"class":3024},[53,153685,153686,153688,153690,153692,153694,153696,153698,153700],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,153687,132],{"class":131},[53,153689,116],{"class":67},[53,153691,389],{"class":112},[53,153693,3260],{"class":67},[53,153695,1371],{"class":63},[53,153697,300],{"class":273},[53,153699,19802],{"class":67},[53,153701,50845],{"class":3024},[53,153703,153704,153706,153708,153710,153712,153714,153716,153718],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,153705,132],{"class":131},[53,153707,116],{"class":67},[53,153709,389],{"class":112},[53,153711,3260],{"class":67},[53,153713,1371],{"class":63},[53,153715,1412],{"class":273},[53,153717,19802],{"class":67},[53,153719,153562],{"class":3024},[20,153721,153722],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153724,153725],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[39,153727,153729],{"id":153728},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153731,153732],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[44,153734,153736],{"className":46,"code":153735,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153737,153738,153770,153774,153791,153808],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153739,153740,153742,153744,153746,153748,153750,153752,153754,153756,153758,153760,153762,153764,153766,153768],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153741,4353],{"class":59},[53,153743,64],{"class":63},[53,153745,8605],{"class":67},[53,153747,72],{"class":71},[53,153749,12244],{"class":75},[53,153751,72],{"class":71},[53,153753,81],{"class":67},[53,153755,84],{"class":71},[53,153757,35296],{"class":75},[53,153759,72],{"class":71},[53,153761,81],{"class":67},[53,153763,84],{"class":71},[53,153765,35305],{"class":75},[53,153767,72],{"class":71},[53,153769,125],{"class":67},[53,153771,153772],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153773,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,153775,153776,153778,153780,153782,153784,153786,153788],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153777,132],{"class":131},[53,153779,116],{"class":67},[53,153781,4397],{"class":112},[53,153783,3260],{"class":67},[53,153785,1470],{"class":273},[53,153787,19802],{"class":67},[53,153789,153790],{"class":3024},"   # first item\n",[53,153792,153793,153795,153797,153799,153801,153803,153805],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,153794,132],{"class":131},[53,153796,116],{"class":67},[53,153798,4397],{"class":112},[53,153800,3260],{"class":67},[53,153802,274],{"class":273},[53,153804,19802],{"class":67},[53,153806,153807],{"class":3024},"   # middle item\n",[53,153809,153810,153812,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,153811,132],{"class":131},[53,153813,116],{"class":67},[53,153815,4397],{"class":112},[53,153817,3260],{"class":67},[53,153819,1371],{"class":63},[53,153821,274],{"class":273},[53,153823,19802],{"class":67},[53,153825,153826],{"class":3024},"  # last item\n",[20,153828,772],{},[44,153830,153832],{"className":46,"code":153831,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,153833,153834,153838,153843],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153835,153836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153837,49398],{"class":59},[53,153839,153840],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153841,153842],{"class":59},"Ben\n",[53,153844,153845],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153846,153847],{"class":59},"Cara\n",[20,153849,153850],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[39,153852,153854],{"id":153853},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,153856,153857],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,153859,1559],{},[44,153861,153863],{"className":46,"code":153862,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,153864,153865,153897,153901],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153866,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153868,620],{"class":59},[53,153870,64],{"class":63},[53,153872,8605],{"class":67},[53,153874,72],{"class":71},[53,153876,464],{"class":75},[53,153878,72],{"class":71},[53,153880,81],{"class":67},[53,153882,84],{"class":71},[53,153884,637],{"class":75},[53,153886,72],{"class":71},[53,153888,81],{"class":67},[53,153890,84],{"class":71},[53,153892,646],{"class":75},[53,153894,72],{"class":71},[53,153896,125],{"class":67},[53,153898,153899],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153900,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,153902,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153904,132],{"class":131},[53,153906,116],{"class":67},[53,153908,655],{"class":112},[53,153910,3260],{"class":67},[53,153912,1487],{"class":273},[53,153914,3248],{"class":67},[20,153916,772],{},[44,153918,153920],{"className":46,"code":153919,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,153921,153922,153934,153939],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153923,153924,153927,153929,153932],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153925,153926],{"class":112},"Traceback ",[53,153928,116],{"class":67},[53,153930,153931],{"class":112},"most recent call last",[53,153933,7709],{"class":67},[53,153935,153936],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,153937,153938],{"class":33807},"  ...\n",[53,153940,153941,153943,153945,153947,153950],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,153942,70090],{"class":550},[53,153944,191],{"class":67},[53,153946,148599],{"class":550},[53,153948,153949],{"class":59}," index out of ",[53,153951,70282],{"class":131},[20,153953,153954],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[193,153956,153957,153961,153965],{},[196,153958,153959],{},[15,153960,1470],{},[196,153962,153963],{},[15,153964,274],{},[196,153966,153967],{},[15,153968,300],{},[20,153970,153971,153972,37],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[464,153973,153974,153976],{"href":148471},[15,153975,41716],{}," on a tuple",[44,153978,153980],{"className":46,"code":153979,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,153981,153982,154014,154018,154034,154038,154056],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,153983,153984,153986,153988,153990,153992,153994,153996,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010,154012],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,153985,620],{"class":59},[53,153987,64],{"class":63},[53,153989,8605],{"class":67},[53,153991,72],{"class":71},[53,153993,464],{"class":75},[53,153995,72],{"class":71},[53,153997,81],{"class":67},[53,153999,84],{"class":71},[53,154001,637],{"class":75},[53,154003,72],{"class":71},[53,154005,81],{"class":67},[53,154007,84],{"class":71},[53,154009,646],{"class":75},[53,154011,72],{"class":71},[53,154013,125],{"class":67},[53,154015,154016],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154017,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,154019,154020,154022,154024,154026,154028,154030,154032],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,154021,132],{"class":131},[53,154023,116],{"class":67},[53,154025,10528],{"class":131},[53,154027,116],{"class":67},[53,154029,655],{"class":112},[53,154031,4721],{"class":67},[53,154033,50129],{"class":3024},[53,154035,154036],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,154037,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,154039,154040,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,154041,1106],{"class":1105},[53,154043,37739],{"class":131},[53,154045,116],{"class":67},[53,154047,655],{"class":112},[53,154049,3021],{"class":67},[53,154051,37749],{"class":63},[53,154053,279],{"class":273},[53,154055,1120],{"class":67},[53,154057,154058,154060,154062,154064,154066,154068],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,154059,7435],{"class":131},[53,154061,116],{"class":67},[53,154063,655],{"class":112},[53,154065,3260],{"class":67},[53,154067,300],{"class":273},[53,154069,3248],{"class":67},[20,154071,154072,154073,37],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[464,154074,25034,154076],{"href":154075},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154077,154078],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[39,154080,154082],{"id":154081},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154084,154085],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[193,154087,154088,154090],{},[196,154089,76234],{},[196,154091,154092],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154094,154095],{},"Indexing example:",[44,154097,154099],{"className":46,"code":154098,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154100,154101,154125,154129],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154102,154103,154105,154107,154109,154111,154113,154115,154117,154119,154121,154123],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154104,266],{"class":59},[53,154106,64],{"class":63},[53,154108,8605],{"class":67},[53,154110,1684],{"class":273},[53,154112,81],{"class":67},[53,154114,7155],{"class":273},[53,154116,81],{"class":67},[53,154118,7160],{"class":273},[53,154120,81],{"class":67},[53,154122,50202],{"class":273},[53,154124,125],{"class":67},[53,154126,154127],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154128,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,154130,154131,154133,154135,154137,154139,154141],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,154132,132],{"class":131},[53,154134,116],{"class":67},[53,154136,291],{"class":112},[53,154138,3260],{"class":67},[53,154140,274],{"class":273},[53,154142,3248],{"class":67},[20,154144,772],{},[44,154146,154147],{"className":46,"code":70583,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154148,154149],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154150,154151],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154152,70583],{"class":273},[20,154154,154155],{},"Slicing example:",[44,154157,154159],{"className":46,"code":154158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154160,154161,154185,154189],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154162,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175,154177,154179,154181,154183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154164,266],{"class":59},[53,154166,64],{"class":63},[53,154168,8605],{"class":67},[53,154170,1684],{"class":273},[53,154172,81],{"class":67},[53,154174,7155],{"class":273},[53,154176,81],{"class":67},[53,154178,7160],{"class":273},[53,154180,81],{"class":67},[53,154182,50202],{"class":273},[53,154184,125],{"class":67},[53,154186,154187],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154188,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,154190,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,154192,132],{"class":131},[53,154194,116],{"class":67},[53,154196,291],{"class":112},[53,154198,3260],{"class":67},[53,154200,274],{"class":273},[53,154202,191],{"class":67},[53,154204,1412],{"class":273},[53,154206,3248],{"class":67},[20,154208,772],{},[44,154210,154212],{"className":46,"code":154211,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154213,154214],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154215,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154217,116],{"class":67},[53,154219,15114],{"class":273},[53,154221,81],{"class":67},[53,154223,7160],{"class":273},[53,154225,125],{"class":67},[20,154227,154228,154229,37],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[464,154230,150150],{"href":150149},[39,154232,154234],{"id":154233},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154236,154237],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154239,154240],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154242,6051],{},[44,154244,154246],{"className":46,"code":154245,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154247,154248,154280],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154249,154250,154252,154254,154256,154258,154260,154262,154264,154266,154268,154270,154272,154274,154276,154278],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154251,60],{"class":59},[53,154253,64],{"class":63},[53,154255,8605],{"class":67},[53,154257,72],{"class":71},[53,154259,76],{"class":75},[53,154261,72],{"class":71},[53,154263,81],{"class":67},[53,154265,84],{"class":71},[53,154267,96],{"class":75},[53,154269,72],{"class":71},[53,154271,81],{"class":67},[53,154273,84],{"class":71},[53,154275,87],{"class":75},[53,154277,72],{"class":71},[53,154279,125],{"class":67},[53,154281,154282,154284,154286,154288,154290,154292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154283,132],{"class":131},[53,154285,116],{"class":67},[53,154287,107],{"class":112},[53,154289,3260],{"class":67},[53,154291,274],{"class":273},[53,154293,3248],{"class":67},[20,154295,154296],{},"But this does not work:",[44,154298,154300],{"className":46,"code":154299,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154301,154302,154334],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154303,154304,154306,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328,154330,154332],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154305,60],{"class":59},[53,154307,64],{"class":63},[53,154309,8605],{"class":67},[53,154311,72],{"class":71},[53,154313,76],{"class":75},[53,154315,72],{"class":71},[53,154317,81],{"class":67},[53,154319,84],{"class":71},[53,154321,96],{"class":75},[53,154323,72],{"class":71},[53,154325,81],{"class":67},[53,154327,84],{"class":71},[53,154329,87],{"class":75},[53,154331,72],{"class":71},[53,154333,125],{"class":67},[53,154335,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346,154348,154350],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154337,107],{"class":59},[53,154339,3260],{"class":67},[53,154341,274],{"class":273},[53,154343,12632],{"class":67},[53,154345,12635],{"class":63},[53,154347,84],{"class":71},[53,154349,531],{"class":75},[53,154351,2715],{"class":71},[20,154353,154354],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154356,154357],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[39,154359,2185],{"id":2184},[20,154361,154362],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[193,154364,154365,154371,154374,154377],{},[196,154366,131961,154367,10458,154369],{},[15,154368,274],{},[15,154370,1470],{},[196,154372,154373],{},"Using an index that is too large",[196,154375,154376],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[196,154378,154379,154380],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154381,154382],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154384,61654],{},[44,154386,154388],{"className":46,"code":154387,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154389,154390,154400,154414,154428,154444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154391,154392,154394,154396,154398],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154393,132],{"class":131},[53,154395,116],{"class":67},[53,154397,147251],{"class":112},[53,154399,125],{"class":67},[53,154401,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410,154412],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154403,132],{"class":131},[53,154405,116],{"class":67},[53,154407,10528],{"class":131},[53,154409,116],{"class":67},[53,154411,147251],{"class":112},[53,154413,1377],{"class":67},[53,154415,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,154417,132],{"class":131},[53,154419,116],{"class":67},[53,154421,147251],{"class":112},[53,154423,3260],{"class":67},[53,154425,1470],{"class":273},[53,154427,3248],{"class":67},[53,154429,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440,154442],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,154431,132],{"class":131},[53,154433,116],{"class":67},[53,154435,147251],{"class":112},[53,154437,3260],{"class":67},[53,154439,1371],{"class":63},[53,154441,274],{"class":273},[53,154443,3248],{"class":67},[53,154445,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454,154456],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,154447,132],{"class":131},[53,154449,116],{"class":67},[53,154451,2578],{"class":550},[53,154453,116],{"class":67},[53,154455,147251],{"class":112},[53,154457,1377],{"class":67},[20,154459,154460],{},"These can help you confirm:",[193,154462,154463,154466,154468,154471],{},[196,154464,154465],{},"what the tuple contains",[196,154467,60143],{},[196,154469,154470],{},"what the first and last items are",[196,154472,154473],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[39,154475,1187],{"id":1186},[599,154477,154479],{"id":154478},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154481,154482,154483,37],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154484,1470],{},[599,154486,154488],{"id":154487},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154490,174,154491,154493],{},[15,154492,65213],{}," as the index:",[44,154495,154497],{"className":46,"code":154496,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154498,154499],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154500,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154502,147251],{"class":59},[53,154504,3260],{"class":67},[53,154506,1371],{"class":63},[53,154508,274],{"class":273},[53,154510,2995],{"class":67},[599,154512,154514],{"id":154513},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154516,154517],{},"Python raises:",[44,154519,154521],{"className":46,"code":154520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154522,154523],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154524,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154526,70090],{"class":550},[53,154528,191],{"class":67},[53,154530,148599],{"class":550},[53,154532,153949],{"class":59},[53,154534,70282],{"class":131},[599,154536,154538],{"id":154537},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154540,154541],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[39,154543,1244],{"id":1243},[193,154545,154546,154551,154555,154559,154565],{},[196,154547,154548],{},[464,154549,154550],{"href":147236},"How to create a tuple in Python",[196,154552,154553],{},[464,154554,150150],{"href":150149},[196,154556,154557],{},[464,154558,150155],{"href":148471},[196,154560,154561],{},[464,154562,25477,154563],{"href":154075},[15,154564,154078],{},[196,154566,154567],{},[464,154568,147233],{"href":147232},[1276,154570,154571],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":154573},[154574,154575,154576,154577,154578,154579,154580,154581,154582,154583,154589],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":153337,"depth":104,"text":153338},{"id":153463,"depth":104,"text":153464},{"id":153601,"depth":104,"text":153602},{"id":153728,"depth":104,"text":153729},{"id":153853,"depth":104,"text":153854},{"id":154081,"depth":104,"text":154082},{"id":154233,"depth":104,"text":154234},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":154584},[154585,154586,154587,154588],{"id":154478,"depth":128,"text":154479},{"id":154487,"depth":128,"text":154488},{"id":154513,"depth":128,"text":154514},{"id":154537,"depth":128,"text":154538},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153194,"description":154590},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154596,"title":154597,"body":154598,"description":156487,"extension":1312,"meta":156488,"navigation":383,"path":156489,"seo":156490,"stem":156491,"__hash__":156492},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154599,"toc":156444},[154600,154606,154611,154662,154666,154674,154680,154682,154698,154700,154703,154718,154720,154733,154735,154792,154796,154804,154811,154817,154823,154827,154878,154882,154890,154894,154923,154927,154935,154939,154972,154976,154984,154988,154991,155042,155046,155054,155056,155073,155077,155081,155140,155144,155152,155155,155182,155186,155194,155198,155204,155279,155283,155320,155328,155332,155395,155399,155407,155412,155416,155422,155465,155469,155477,155483,155486,155533,155537,155545,155554,155560,155615,155619,155627,155630,155634,155636,155667,155671,155690,155693,155738,155742,155765,155771,155776,155778,155825,155830,155833,155881,155885,155893,155897,155902,155906,155956,155960,155975,155979,156037,156041,156056,156060,156131,156135,156144,156148,156227,156231,156253,156261,156263,156266,156291,156293,156346,156348,156365,156367,156371,156377,156382,156387,156391,156396,156400,156405,156411,156414,156416,156441],[10,154601,154603,154604,3021],{"id":154602},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154605,10528],{},[20,154607,174,154608,154610],{},[15,154609,41716],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[44,154612,154614],{"className":46,"code":154613,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154615,154616,154648],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154617,154618,154620,154622,154624,154626,154628,154630,154632,154634,154636,154638,154640,154642,154644,154646],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154619,60],{"class":59},[53,154621,64],{"class":63},[53,154623,8605],{"class":67},[53,154625,72],{"class":71},[53,154627,76],{"class":75},[53,154629,72],{"class":71},[53,154631,81],{"class":67},[53,154633,84],{"class":71},[53,154635,96],{"class":75},[53,154637,72],{"class":71},[53,154639,81],{"class":67},[53,154641,84],{"class":71},[53,154643,87],{"class":75},[53,154645,72],{"class":71},[53,154647,125],{"class":67},[53,154649,154650,154652,154654,154656,154658,154660],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154651,132],{"class":131},[53,154653,116],{"class":67},[53,154655,10528],{"class":131},[53,154657,116],{"class":67},[53,154659,107],{"class":112},[53,154661,1377],{"class":67},[20,154663,154664],{},[30,154665,772],{},[44,154667,154668],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154669,154670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154671,154672],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154673,45974],{"class":273},[20,154675,174,154676,154679],{},[15,154677,154678],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[39,154681,14523],{"id":14522},[193,154683,154684,154689,154693,154696],{},[196,154685,583,154686,154688],{},[15,154687,41716],{}," works with tuples",[196,154690,67617,154691,11070],{},[15,154692,41716],{},[196,154694,154695],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[196,154697,834],{},[39,154699,217],{"id":216},[20,154701,154702],{},"Use this pattern:",[44,154704,154706],{"className":46,"code":154705,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154707,154708],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154709,154710,154712,154714,154716],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154711,10528],{"class":131},[53,154713,116],{"class":67},[53,154715,147251],{"class":112},[53,154717,125],{"class":67},[20,154719,10824],{},[193,154721,154722,154725,154728],{},[196,154723,154724],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[196,154726,154727],{},"The result is an integer",[196,154729,154730,154732],{},[15,154731,41716],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154734,1559],{},[44,154736,154738],{"className":46,"code":154737,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154739,154740,154764,154778,154782],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154741,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758,154760,154762],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154743,266],{"class":59},[53,154745,64],{"class":63},[53,154747,8605],{"class":67},[53,154749,1684],{"class":273},[53,154751,81],{"class":67},[53,154753,7155],{"class":273},[53,154755,81],{"class":67},[53,154757,7160],{"class":273},[53,154759,81],{"class":67},[53,154761,50202],{"class":273},[53,154763,125],{"class":67},[53,154765,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154767,40596],{"class":59},[53,154769,64],{"class":63},[53,154771,37739],{"class":131},[53,154773,116],{"class":67},[53,154775,291],{"class":112},[53,154777,125],{"class":67},[53,154779,154780],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,154781,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,154783,154784,154786,154788,154790],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,154785,132],{"class":131},[53,154787,116],{"class":67},[53,154789,40614],{"class":112},[53,154791,125],{"class":67},[20,154793,154794],{},[30,154795,772],{},[44,154797,154798],{"className":46,"code":48008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154799,154800],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154801,154802],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154803,48008],{"class":273},[20,154805,154806,154807,37],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[464,154808,2934,154809,2867],{"href":41713},[15,154810,41716],{},[39,154812,183,154814,154816],{"id":154813},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,154815,41716],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,154818,154819,154820,154822],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,154821,41716],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[599,154824,154826],{"id":154825},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[44,154828,154830],{"className":46,"code":154829,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,154831,154832,154864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154833,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854,154856,154858,154860,154862],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154835,347],{"class":59},[53,154837,64],{"class":63},[53,154839,8605],{"class":67},[53,154841,72],{"class":71},[53,154843,356],{"class":75},[53,154845,72],{"class":71},[53,154847,81],{"class":67},[53,154849,84],{"class":71},[53,154851,365],{"class":75},[53,154853,72],{"class":71},[53,154855,81],{"class":67},[53,154857,84],{"class":71},[53,154859,374],{"class":75},[53,154861,72],{"class":71},[53,154863,125],{"class":67},[53,154865,154866,154868,154870,154872,154874,154876],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154867,132],{"class":131},[53,154869,116],{"class":67},[53,154871,10528],{"class":131},[53,154873,116],{"class":67},[53,154875,389],{"class":112},[53,154877,1377],{"class":67},[20,154879,154880],{},[30,154881,772],{},[44,154883,154884],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154885,154886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154887,154888],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154889,45974],{"class":273},[599,154891,154893],{"id":154892},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[44,154895,154897],{"className":46,"code":154896,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,154898,154899,154908],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154900,154901,154904,154906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154902,154903],{"class":59},"empty_tuple ",[53,154905,64],{"class":63},[53,154907,148575],{"class":67},[53,154909,154910,154912,154914,154916,154918,154921],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154911,132],{"class":131},[53,154913,116],{"class":67},[53,154915,10528],{"class":131},[53,154917,116],{"class":67},[53,154919,154920],{"class":112},"empty_tuple",[53,154922,1377],{"class":67},[20,154924,154925],{},[30,154926,772],{},[44,154928,154929],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154930,154931],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154932,154933],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154934,46609],{"class":273},[599,154936,154938],{"id":154937},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[44,154940,154942],{"className":46,"code":154941,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,154943,154944,154957],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154945,154946,154949,154951,154953,154955],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154947,154948],{"class":59},"single_value ",[53,154950,64],{"class":63},[53,154952,8605],{"class":67},[53,154954,1487],{"class":273},[53,154956,148589],{"class":67},[53,154958,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967,154970],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,154960,132],{"class":131},[53,154962,116],{"class":67},[53,154964,10528],{"class":131},[53,154966,116],{"class":67},[53,154968,154969],{"class":112},"single_value",[53,154971,1377],{"class":67},[20,154973,154974],{},[30,154975,772],{},[44,154977,154978],{"className":46,"code":46274,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,154979,154980],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154981,154982],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154983,46274],{"class":273},[599,154985,154987],{"id":154986},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,154989,154990],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[44,154992,154994],{"className":46,"code":154993,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,154995,154996,155028],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,154997,154998,155000,155002,155004,155006,155008,155010,155012,155014,155016,155018,155020,155022,155024,155026],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,154999,8534],{"class":59},[53,155001,64],{"class":63},[53,155003,8605],{"class":67},[53,155005,274],{"class":273},[53,155007,81],{"class":67},[53,155009,8605],{"class":67},[53,155011,300],{"class":273},[53,155013,81],{"class":67},[53,155015,284],{"class":273},[53,155017,8602],{"class":67},[53,155019,2982],{"class":67},[53,155021,1858],{"class":273},[53,155023,81],{"class":67},[53,155025,3963],{"class":273},[53,155027,3248],{"class":67},[53,155029,155030,155032,155034,155036,155038,155040],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155031,132],{"class":131},[53,155033,116],{"class":67},[53,155035,10528],{"class":131},[53,155037,116],{"class":67},[53,155039,8573],{"class":112},[53,155041,1377],{"class":67},[20,155043,155044],{},[30,155045,772],{},[44,155047,155048],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155049,155050],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155051,155052],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155053,45974],{"class":273},[20,155055,19313],{},[193,155057,155058,155063,155068],{},[196,155059,155060,155062],{},[15,155061,274],{}," is one item",[196,155064,155065,155062],{},[15,155066,155067],{},"(2, 3)",[196,155069,155070,155062],{},[15,155071,155072],{},"[4, 5]",[39,155074,155076],{"id":155075},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[599,155078,155080],{"id":155079},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[44,155082,155084],{"className":46,"code":155083,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155085,155086,155126],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155087,155088,155090,155092,155094,155096,155098,155100,155102,155104,155106,155108,155110,155112,155114,155116,155118,155120,155122,155124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155089,60],{"class":59},[53,155091,64],{"class":63},[53,155093,8605],{"class":67},[53,155095,72],{"class":71},[53,155097,76],{"class":75},[53,155099,72],{"class":71},[53,155101,81],{"class":67},[53,155103,84],{"class":71},[53,155105,96],{"class":75},[53,155107,72],{"class":71},[53,155109,81],{"class":67},[53,155111,84],{"class":71},[53,155113,87],{"class":75},[53,155115,72],{"class":71},[53,155117,81],{"class":67},[53,155119,84],{"class":71},[53,155121,531],{"class":75},[53,155123,72],{"class":71},[53,155125,125],{"class":67},[53,155127,155128,155130,155132,155134,155136,155138],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155129,132],{"class":131},[53,155131,116],{"class":67},[53,155133,10528],{"class":131},[53,155135,116],{"class":67},[53,155137,107],{"class":112},[53,155139,1377],{"class":67},[20,155141,155142],{},[30,155143,772],{},[44,155145,155146],{"className":46,"code":48008,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155147,155148],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155149,155150],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155151,48008],{"class":273},[599,155153,154893],{"id":155154},"empty-tuple-1",[44,155156,155158],{"className":46,"code":155157,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155159,155160,155168],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155161,155162,155164,155166],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155163,7144],{"class":59},[53,155165,64],{"class":63},[53,155167,148575],{"class":67},[53,155169,155170,155172,155174,155176,155178,155180],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155171,132],{"class":131},[53,155173,116],{"class":67},[53,155175,10528],{"class":131},[53,155177,116],{"class":67},[53,155179,7175],{"class":112},[53,155181,1377],{"class":67},[20,155183,155184],{},[30,155185,772],{},[44,155187,155188],{"className":46,"code":46609,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155189,155190],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155191,155192],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155193,46609],{"class":273},[599,155195,155197],{"id":155196},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155199,155200,155201,155203],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[30,155202,461],{}," always a tuple.",[44,155205,155207],{"className":46,"code":155206,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155208,155209,155221,155233,155237,155251,155265],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155210,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155212,1908],{"class":59},[53,155214,64],{"class":63},[53,155216,8605],{"class":67},[53,155218,1487],{"class":273},[53,155220,125],{"class":67},[53,155222,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155224,1936],{"class":59},[53,155226,64],{"class":63},[53,155228,8605],{"class":67},[53,155230,1487],{"class":273},[53,155232,148589],{"class":67},[53,155234,155235],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,155236,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,155238,155239,155241,155243,155245,155247,155249],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,155240,132],{"class":131},[53,155242,116],{"class":67},[53,155244,2578],{"class":550},[53,155246,116],{"class":67},[53,155248,464],{"class":112},[53,155250,1377],{"class":67},[53,155252,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,155254,132],{"class":131},[53,155256,116],{"class":67},[53,155258,2578],{"class":550},[53,155260,116],{"class":67},[53,155262,637],{"class":112},[53,155264,1377],{"class":67},[53,155266,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,155268,132],{"class":131},[53,155270,116],{"class":67},[53,155272,10528],{"class":131},[53,155274,116],{"class":67},[53,155276,637],{"class":112},[53,155278,1377],{"class":67},[20,155280,155281],{},[30,155282,772],{},[44,155284,155286],{"className":46,"code":155285,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155287,155288,155302,155316],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155289,155290,155292,155294,155296,155298,155300],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155291,2647],{"class":63},[53,155293,2650],{"class":1415},[53,155295,165],{"class":71},[53,155297,1539],{"class":75},[53,155299,156],{"class":71},[53,155301,2659],{"class":63},[53,155303,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155305,2647],{"class":63},[53,155307,2650],{"class":1415},[53,155309,165],{"class":71},[53,155311,48311],{"class":75},[53,155313,156],{"class":71},[53,155315,2659],{"class":63},[53,155317,155318],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,155319,46274],{"class":273},[20,155321,155322,155323,594,155326,37],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[464,155324,155325],{"href":147236},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[464,155327,148537],{"href":148536},[599,155329,155331],{"id":155330},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[44,155333,155335],{"className":46,"code":155334,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155336,155337,155381],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155338,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373,155375,155377,155379],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155340,58831],{"class":59},[53,155342,64],{"class":63},[53,155344,8605],{"class":67},[53,155346,72],{"class":71},[53,155348,356],{"class":75},[53,155350,72],{"class":71},[53,155352,81],{"class":67},[53,155354,2982],{"class":67},[53,155356,274],{"class":273},[53,155358,81],{"class":67},[53,155360,279],{"class":273},[53,155362,17420],{"class":67},[53,155364,8605],{"class":67},[53,155366,72],{"class":71},[53,155368,1524],{"class":75},[53,155370,72],{"class":71},[53,155372,81],{"class":67},[53,155374,84],{"class":71},[53,155376,11110],{"class":75},[53,155378,72],{"class":71},[53,155380,1377],{"class":67},[53,155382,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155384,132],{"class":131},[53,155386,116],{"class":67},[53,155388,10528],{"class":131},[53,155390,116],{"class":67},[53,155392,58884],{"class":112},[53,155394,1377],{"class":67},[20,155396,155397],{},[30,155398,772],{},[44,155400,155401],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155402,155403],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155404,155405],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155406,45974],{"class":273},[20,155408,155409,155411],{},[15,155410,41716],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[39,155413,155415],{"id":155414},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[599,155417,155419,155421],{"id":155418},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155420,41716],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[44,155423,155425],{"className":46,"code":155424,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155426,155427,155451],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155428,155429,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439,155441,155443,155445,155447,155449],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155430,3431],{"class":59},[53,155432,64],{"class":63},[53,155434,8605],{"class":67},[53,155436,72],{"class":71},[53,155438,62955],{"class":75},[53,155440,72],{"class":71},[53,155442,81],{"class":67},[53,155444,84],{"class":71},[53,155446,48],{"class":75},[53,155448,72],{"class":71},[53,155450,125],{"class":67},[53,155452,155453,155455,155457,155459,155461,155463],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155454,132],{"class":131},[53,155456,116],{"class":67},[53,155458,10528],{"class":131},[53,155460,116],{"class":67},[53,155462,3473],{"class":112},[53,155464,1377],{"class":67},[20,155466,155467],{},[30,155468,772],{},[44,155470,155471],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155472,155473],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155474,155475],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155476,16415],{"class":273},[20,155478,155479,155480,155482],{},"This result is ",[15,155481,300],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155484,155485],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[44,155487,155489],{"className":46,"code":155488,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155490,155491,155515],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155492,155493,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511,155513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155494,3431],{"class":59},[53,155496,64],{"class":63},[53,155498,8605],{"class":67},[53,155500,72],{"class":71},[53,155502,62955],{"class":75},[53,155504,72],{"class":71},[53,155506,81],{"class":67},[53,155508,84],{"class":71},[53,155510,48],{"class":75},[53,155512,72],{"class":71},[53,155514,125],{"class":67},[53,155516,155517,155519,155521,155523,155525,155527,155529,155531],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155518,132],{"class":131},[53,155520,116],{"class":67},[53,155522,10528],{"class":131},[53,155524,116],{"class":67},[53,155526,3473],{"class":112},[53,155528,3260],{"class":67},[53,155530,1470],{"class":273},[53,155532,2354],{"class":67},[20,155534,155535],{},[30,155536,772],{},[44,155538,155539],{"className":46,"code":16415,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155540,155541],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155542,155543],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155544,16415],{"class":273},[20,155546,20127,155547,155550,155551,37],{},[15,155548,155549],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155552,155553],{},"\"hi\"",[599,155555,155557,155559],{"id":155556},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155558,41716],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[44,155561,155563],{"className":46,"code":155562,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155564,155565,155601],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155566,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587,155589,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155568,3183],{"class":59},[53,155570,64],{"class":63},[53,155572,9362],{"class":67},[53,155574,274],{"class":273},[53,155576,81],{"class":67},[53,155578,279],{"class":273},[53,155580,8602],{"class":67},[53,155582,8605],{"class":67},[53,155584,1412],{"class":273},[53,155586,81],{"class":67},[53,155588,1811],{"class":273},[53,155590,8602],{"class":67},[53,155592,8605],{"class":67},[53,155594,1487],{"class":273},[53,155596,81],{"class":67},[53,155598,36996],{"class":273},[53,155600,1377],{"class":67},[53,155602,155603,155605,155607,155609,155611,155613],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155604,132],{"class":131},[53,155606,116],{"class":67},[53,155608,10528],{"class":131},[53,155610,116],{"class":67},[53,155612,4718],{"class":112},[53,155614,1377],{"class":67},[20,155616,155617],{},[30,155618,772],{},[44,155620,155621],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155622,155623],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155624,155625],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155626,45974],{"class":273},[20,155628,155629],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[599,155631,155633],{"id":155632},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155635,25045],{},[44,155637,155639],{"className":46,"code":155638,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155640,155641,155653],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155642,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155644,1801],{"class":59},[53,155646,64],{"class":63},[53,155648,8605],{"class":67},[53,155650,1684],{"class":273},[53,155652,125],{"class":67},[53,155654,155655,155657,155659,155661,155663,155665],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155656,132],{"class":131},[53,155658,116],{"class":67},[53,155660,2578],{"class":550},[53,155662,116],{"class":67},[53,155664,236],{"class":112},[53,155666,1377],{"class":67},[20,155668,155669],{},[30,155670,772],{},[44,155672,155674],{"className":46,"code":155673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155675,155676],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155677,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155679,2647],{"class":63},[53,155681,2650],{"class":1415},[53,155683,165],{"class":71},[53,155685,1539],{"class":75},[53,155687,156],{"class":71},[53,155689,2659],{"class":63},[20,155691,155692],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[44,155694,155696],{"className":46,"code":155695,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155697,155698,155710,155724],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155699,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155701,1801],{"class":59},[53,155703,64],{"class":63},[53,155705,8605],{"class":67},[53,155707,1684],{"class":273},[53,155709,148589],{"class":67},[53,155711,155712,155714,155716,155718,155720,155722],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155713,132],{"class":131},[53,155715,116],{"class":67},[53,155717,2578],{"class":550},[53,155719,116],{"class":67},[53,155721,236],{"class":112},[53,155723,1377],{"class":67},[53,155725,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,155727,132],{"class":131},[53,155729,116],{"class":67},[53,155731,10528],{"class":131},[53,155733,116],{"class":67},[53,155735,236],{"class":112},[53,155737,1377],{"class":67},[20,155739,155740],{},[30,155741,772],{},[44,155743,155745],{"className":46,"code":155744,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155746,155747,155761],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155748,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155750,2647],{"class":63},[53,155752,2650],{"class":1415},[53,155754,165],{"class":71},[53,155756,48311],{"class":75},[53,155758,156],{"class":71},[53,155760,2659],{"class":63},[53,155762,155763],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155764,46274],{"class":273},[599,155766,155768,155770],{"id":155767},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155769,10528],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155772,43785,155773,155775],{},[15,155774,10528],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155777,43816],{},[44,155779,155781],{"className":46,"code":155780,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155782,155783,155791,155811],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155784,155785,155787,155789],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155786,10528],{"class":131},[53,155788,12635],{"class":63},[53,155790,1941],{"class":273},[53,155792,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807,155809],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155794,266],{"class":59},[53,155796,64],{"class":63},[53,155798,8605],{"class":67},[53,155800,274],{"class":273},[53,155802,81],{"class":67},[53,155804,279],{"class":273},[53,155806,81],{"class":67},[53,155808,284],{"class":273},[53,155810,125],{"class":67},[53,155812,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821,155823],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,155814,132],{"class":131},[53,155816,116],{"class":67},[53,155818,10528],{"class":131},[53,155820,116],{"class":67},[53,155822,291],{"class":112},[53,155824,1377],{"class":67},[20,155826,39007,155827,155829],{},[15,155828,10528],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,155831,155832],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[44,155834,155836],{"className":46,"code":155835,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155837,155838,155847,155867],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155839,155840,155843,155845],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155841,155842],{"class":59},"length_value ",[53,155844,64],{"class":63},[53,155846,1941],{"class":273},[53,155848,155849,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859,155861,155863,155865],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155850,266],{"class":59},[53,155852,64],{"class":63},[53,155854,8605],{"class":67},[53,155856,274],{"class":273},[53,155858,81],{"class":67},[53,155860,279],{"class":273},[53,155862,81],{"class":67},[53,155864,284],{"class":273},[53,155866,125],{"class":67},[53,155868,155869,155871,155873,155875,155877,155879],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,155870,132],{"class":131},[53,155872,116],{"class":67},[53,155874,10528],{"class":131},[53,155876,116],{"class":67},[53,155878,291],{"class":112},[53,155880,1377],{"class":67},[20,155882,155883],{},[30,155884,772],{},[44,155886,155887],{"className":46,"code":45974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,155888,155889],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155890,155891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155892,45974],{"class":273},[39,155894,155896],{"id":155895},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,155898,155899,155901],{},[15,155900,41716],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[599,155903,155905],{"id":155904},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[44,155907,155909],{"className":46,"code":155908,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,155910,155911,155919,155923,155941],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155912,155913,155915,155917],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155914,7144],{"class":59},[53,155916,64],{"class":63},[53,155918,148575],{"class":67},[53,155920,155921],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,155922,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,155924,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,155926,1106],{"class":1105},[53,155928,37739],{"class":131},[53,155930,116],{"class":67},[53,155932,7175],{"class":112},[53,155934,3021],{"class":67},[53,155936,5770],{"class":63},[53,155938,3194],{"class":273},[53,155940,1120],{"class":67},[53,155942,155943,155945,155947,155949,155952,155954],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,155944,7435],{"class":131},[53,155946,116],{"class":67},[53,155948,72],{"class":71},[53,155950,155951],{"class":75},"The tuple is empty",[53,155953,72],{"class":71},[53,155955,125],{"class":67},[20,155957,155958],{},[30,155959,772],{},[44,155961,155963],{"className":46,"code":155962,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,155964,155965],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155966,155967,155969,155971,155973],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155968,1329],{"class":59},[53,155970,48311],{"class":550},[53,155972,7463],{"class":63},[53,155974,7469],{"class":59},[599,155976,155978],{"id":155977},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[44,155980,155982],{"className":46,"code":155981,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,155983,155984,156000,156004,156022],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,155985,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,155987,50744],{"class":59},[53,155989,64],{"class":63},[53,155991,8605],{"class":67},[53,155993,1858],{"class":273},[53,155995,81],{"class":67},[53,155997,5355],{"class":273},[53,155999,125],{"class":67},[53,156001,156002],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156003,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156005,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014,156016,156018,156020],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156007,1106],{"class":1105},[53,156009,37739],{"class":131},[53,156011,116],{"class":67},[53,156013,50769],{"class":112},[53,156015,3021],{"class":67},[53,156017,5770],{"class":63},[53,156019,279],{"class":273},[53,156021,1120],{"class":67},[53,156023,156024,156026,156028,156030,156033,156035],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,156025,7435],{"class":131},[53,156027,116],{"class":67},[53,156029,72],{"class":71},[53,156031,156032],{"class":75},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[53,156034,72],{"class":71},[53,156036,125],{"class":67},[20,156038,156039],{},[30,156040,772],{},[44,156042,156044],{"className":46,"code":156043,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156045,156046],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156047,156048,156051,156053],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156049,156050],{"class":59},"This looks like an x",[53,156052,81],{"class":67},[53,156054,156055],{"class":59}," y coordinate\n",[599,156057,156059],{"id":156058},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[44,156061,156063],{"className":46,"code":156062,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156064,156065,156094,156098,156116],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156066,156067,156069,156071,156073,156075,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087,156090,156092],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156068,10852],{"class":59},[53,156070,64],{"class":63},[53,156072,8605],{"class":67},[53,156074,72],{"class":71},[53,156076,12244],{"class":75},[53,156078,72],{"class":71},[53,156080,81],{"class":67},[53,156082,8674],{"class":273},[53,156084,81],{"class":67},[53,156086,84],{"class":71},[53,156088,156089],{"class":75},"Canada",[53,156091,72],{"class":71},[53,156093,125],{"class":67},[53,156095,156096],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156097,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156099,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156101,1106],{"class":1105},[53,156103,37739],{"class":131},[53,156105,116],{"class":67},[53,156107,10946],{"class":112},[53,156109,3021],{"class":67},[53,156111,5770],{"class":63},[53,156113,284],{"class":273},[53,156115,1120],{"class":67},[53,156117,156118,156120,156122,156124,156127,156129],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,156119,7435],{"class":131},[53,156121,116],{"class":67},[53,156123,72],{"class":71},[53,156125,156126],{"class":75},"User record has the expected number of values",[53,156128,72],{"class":71},[53,156130,125],{"class":67},[20,156132,156133],{},[30,156134,772],{},[44,156136,156138],{"className":46,"code":156137,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156139,156140],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156141,156142],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156143,156137],{"class":59},[599,156145,156147],{"id":156146},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[44,156149,156151],{"className":46,"code":156150,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156152,156153,156185,156189,156209],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156154,156155,156157,156159,156161,156163,156165,156167,156169,156171,156173,156175,156177,156179,156181,156183],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156156,620],{"class":59},[53,156158,64],{"class":63},[53,156160,8605],{"class":67},[53,156162,72],{"class":71},[53,156164,464],{"class":75},[53,156166,72],{"class":71},[53,156168,81],{"class":67},[53,156170,84],{"class":71},[53,156172,637],{"class":75},[53,156174,72],{"class":71},[53,156176,81],{"class":67},[53,156178,84],{"class":71},[53,156180,646],{"class":75},[53,156182,72],{"class":71},[53,156184,125],{"class":67},[53,156186,156187],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156188,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156190,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203,156205,156207],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156192,5319],{"class":1105},[53,156194,68907],{"class":59},[53,156196,1067],{"class":1105},[53,156198,53429],{"class":131},[53,156200,116],{"class":67},[53,156202,10528],{"class":131},[53,156204,116],{"class":67},[53,156206,655],{"class":112},[53,156208,68922],{"class":67},[53,156210,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,156212,7435],{"class":131},[53,156214,116],{"class":67},[53,156216,35508],{"class":112},[53,156218,81],{"class":67},[53,156220,69455],{"class":112},[53,156222,3260],{"class":67},[53,156224,35508],{"class":112},[53,156226,3248],{"class":67},[20,156228,156229],{},[30,156230,772],{},[44,156232,156233],{"className":46,"code":35520,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,156234,156235,156241,156247],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156236,156237,156239],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156238,1470],{"class":273},[53,156240,35529],{"class":59},[53,156242,156243,156245],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156244,274],{"class":273},[53,156246,35536],{"class":59},[53,156248,156249,156251],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156250,300],{"class":273},[53,156252,35543],{"class":59},[20,156254,156255,156256,156258,156259,37],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[464,156257,148906],{"href":148905},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[464,156260,150150],{"href":150149},[39,156262,2185],{"id":2184},[20,156264,156265],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[193,156267,156268,156276,156283,156288],{},[196,156269,156270,156271,10458,156274],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156272,156273],{},"(5)",[15,156275,148740],{},[196,156277,7785,156278,156280,156281],{},[15,156279,10528],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156282,41716],{},[196,156284,838,156285,156287],{},[15,156286,41716],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[196,156289,156290],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156292,31436],{},[44,156294,156296],{"className":46,"code":156295,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156297,156298,156308,156322,156336],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156299,156300,156302,156304,156306],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156301,132],{"class":131},[53,156303,116],{"class":67},[53,156305,147251],{"class":112},[53,156307,125],{"class":67},[53,156309,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156311,132],{"class":131},[53,156313,116],{"class":67},[53,156315,2578],{"class":550},[53,156317,116],{"class":67},[53,156319,147251],{"class":112},[53,156321,1377],{"class":67},[53,156323,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156325,132],{"class":131},[53,156327,116],{"class":67},[53,156329,10528],{"class":131},[53,156331,116],{"class":67},[53,156333,147251],{"class":112},[53,156335,1377],{"class":67},[53,156337,156338,156340,156342,156344],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,156339,31506],{"class":131},[53,156341,116],{"class":67},[53,156343,10528],{"class":131},[53,156345,125],{"class":67},[20,156347,154460],{},[193,156349,156350,156353,156356,156360],{},[196,156351,156352],{},"what value you are using",[196,156354,156355],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[196,156357,25374,156358,11070],{},[15,156359,41716],{},[196,156361,122624,156362,156364],{},[15,156363,41716],{}," is documented in Python",[39,156366,1187],{"id":1186},[599,156368,156370],{"id":156369},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156372,174,156373,156376],{},[15,156374,156375],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[599,156378,1191,156380,148410],{"id":156379},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156381,41716],{},[20,156383,45722,156384,156386],{},[15,156385,41716],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[599,156388,156390],{"id":156389},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156392,156393,156394,37],{},"The length is ",[15,156395,1470],{},[599,156397,156399],{"id":156398},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156401,150096,156402,156404],{},[15,156403,150099],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[599,156406,1191,156408,156410],{"id":156407},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156409,41716],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156412,156413],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[39,156415,1244],{"id":1243},[193,156417,156418,156424,156428,156432,156436],{},[196,156419,156420],{},[464,156421,2934,156422,2867],{"href":41713},[15,156423,41716],{},[196,156425,156426],{},[464,156427,155325],{"href":147236},[196,156429,156430],{},[464,156431,148906],{"href":148905},[196,156433,156434],{},[464,156435,150150],{"href":150149},[196,156437,156438],{},[464,156439,156440],{"href":148536},"What is a tuple in Python",[1276,156442,156443],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":156445},[156446,156447,156448,156455,156461,156470,156476,156477,156486],{"id":14522,"depth":104,"text":14523},{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":154813,"depth":104,"text":156449,"children":156450},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156451,156452,156453,156454],{"id":154825,"depth":128,"text":154826},{"id":154892,"depth":128,"text":154893},{"id":154937,"depth":128,"text":154938},{"id":154986,"depth":128,"text":154987},{"id":155075,"depth":104,"text":155076,"children":156456},[156457,156458,156459,156460],{"id":155079,"depth":128,"text":155080},{"id":155154,"depth":128,"text":154893},{"id":155196,"depth":128,"text":155197},{"id":155330,"depth":128,"text":155331},{"id":155414,"depth":104,"text":155415,"children":156462},[156463,156465,156467,156468],{"id":155418,"depth":128,"text":156464},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155556,"depth":128,"text":156466},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155632,"depth":128,"text":155633},{"id":155767,"depth":128,"text":156469},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":155895,"depth":104,"text":155896,"children":156471},[156472,156473,156474,156475],{"id":155904,"depth":128,"text":155905},{"id":155977,"depth":128,"text":155978},{"id":156058,"depth":128,"text":156059},{"id":156146,"depth":128,"text":156147},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":156478},[156479,156480,156482,156483,156484],{"id":156369,"depth":128,"text":156370},{"id":156379,"depth":128,"text":156481},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156389,"depth":128,"text":156390},{"id":156398,"depth":128,"text":156399},{"id":156407,"depth":128,"text":156485},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154597,"description":156487},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156494,"title":156495,"body":156496,"description":158881,"extension":1312,"meta":158882,"navigation":383,"path":158883,"seo":158884,"stem":158885,"__hash__":158886},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156497,"toc":158842},[156498,156501,156504,156507,156530,156536,156538,156649,156653,156656,156666,156668,156767,156769,156846,156852,156856,156859,156882,156885,156902,156905,156907,156970,156972,156989,157000,157005,157007,157010,157016,157067,157069,157089,157093,157144,157146,157167,157171,157226,157228,157249,157253,157308,157310,157331,157335,157388,157390,157419,157421,157423,157426,157430,157487,157489,157510,157514,157567,157569,157594,157599,157603,157608,157626,157629,157692,157694,157715,157718,157779,157781,157802,157805,157848,157851,157855,157860,157864,157943,157945,157976,157980,158055,158057,158084,158088,158135,158137,158145,158150,158154,158157,158172,158174,158262,158264,158289,158292,158335,158344,158346,158349,158364,158367,158371,158425,158427,158447,158452,158456,158458,158496,158499,158549,158553,158626,158628,158665,158668,158670,158673,158693,158696,158765,158767,158780,158782,158786,158789,158793,158796,158801,158804,158810,158815,158817,158839],[10,156499,156495],{"id":156500},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156502,156503],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156505,156506],{},"Use this format:",[44,156508,156510],{"className":46,"code":156509,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156511,156512],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156513,156514,156516,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156515,48311],{"class":59},[53,156517,3260],{"class":67},[53,156519,35428],{"class":59},[53,156521,191],{"class":67},[53,156523,74785],{"class":59},[53,156525,191],{"class":67},[53,156527,74788],{"class":59},[53,156529,2995],{"class":67},[20,156531,1329,156532,74821,156534,37],{},[15,156533,74785],{},[30,156535,64429],{},[39,156537,42],{"id":41},[44,156539,156541],{"className":46,"code":156540,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156542,156543,156571,156575,156596,156613,156630],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156544,156545,156547,156549,156551,156553,156555,156557,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156546,266],{"class":59},[53,156548,64],{"class":63},[53,156550,8605],{"class":67},[53,156552,1684],{"class":273},[53,156554,81],{"class":67},[53,156556,7155],{"class":273},[53,156558,81],{"class":67},[53,156560,7160],{"class":273},[53,156562,81],{"class":67},[53,156564,50202],{"class":273},[53,156566,81],{"class":67},[53,156568,4439],{"class":273},[53,156570,125],{"class":67},[53,156572,156573],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156574,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156576,156577,156579,156581,156583,156585,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156578,132],{"class":131},[53,156580,116],{"class":67},[53,156582,291],{"class":112},[53,156584,3260],{"class":67},[53,156586,274],{"class":273},[53,156588,191],{"class":67},[53,156590,1858],{"class":273},[53,156592,19802],{"class":67},[53,156594,156595],{"class":3024},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[53,156597,156598,156600,156602,156604,156606,156608,156610],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,156599,132],{"class":131},[53,156601,116],{"class":67},[53,156603,291],{"class":112},[53,156605,74894],{"class":67},[53,156607,1412],{"class":273},[53,156609,19802],{"class":67},[53,156611,156612],{"class":3024},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[53,156614,156615,156617,156619,156621,156623,156625,156627],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,156616,132],{"class":131},[53,156618,116],{"class":67},[53,156620,291],{"class":112},[53,156622,73481],{"class":67},[53,156624,300],{"class":273},[53,156626,19802],{"class":67},[53,156628,156629],{"class":3024},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[53,156631,156632,156634,156636,156638,156640,156642,156644,156646],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,156633,132],{"class":131},[53,156635,116],{"class":67},[53,156637,291],{"class":112},[53,156639,73481],{"class":67},[53,156641,1371],{"class":63},[53,156643,274],{"class":273},[53,156645,19802],{"class":67},[53,156647,156648],{"class":3024},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[39,156650,156652],{"id":156651},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156654,156655],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[193,156657,156658,156660,156663],{},[196,156659,75088],{},[196,156661,156662],{},"The result is a new tuple",[196,156664,156665],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156667,1559],{},[44,156669,156671],{"className":46,"code":156670,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156672,156673,156721,156725,156743,156747,156757],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156674,156675,156677,156679,156681,156683,156685,156687,156689,156691,156693,156695,156697,156699,156701,156703,156705,156707,156709,156711,156713,156715,156717,156719],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156676,620],{"class":59},[53,156678,64],{"class":63},[53,156680,8605],{"class":67},[53,156682,72],{"class":71},[53,156684,464],{"class":75},[53,156686,72],{"class":71},[53,156688,81],{"class":67},[53,156690,84],{"class":71},[53,156692,637],{"class":75},[53,156694,72],{"class":71},[53,156696,81],{"class":67},[53,156698,84],{"class":71},[53,156700,646],{"class":75},[53,156702,72],{"class":71},[53,156704,81],{"class":67},[53,156706,84],{"class":71},[53,156708,666],{"class":75},[53,156710,72],{"class":71},[53,156712,81],{"class":67},[53,156714,84],{"class":71},[53,156716,59806],{"class":75},[53,156718,72],{"class":71},[53,156720,125],{"class":67},[53,156722,156723],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156724,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156726,156727,156729,156731,156733,156735,156737,156739,156741],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156728,75018],{"class":59},[53,156730,64],{"class":63},[53,156732,69455],{"class":59},[53,156734,3260],{"class":67},[53,156736,274],{"class":273},[53,156738,191],{"class":67},[53,156740,1858],{"class":273},[53,156742,2995],{"class":67},[53,156744,156745],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,156746,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156748,156749,156751,156753,156755],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,156750,132],{"class":131},[53,156752,116],{"class":67},[53,156754,75041],{"class":112},[53,156756,125],{"class":67},[53,156758,156759,156761,156763,156765],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,156760,132],{"class":131},[53,156762,116],{"class":67},[53,156764,655],{"class":112},[53,156766,125],{"class":67},[20,156768,772],{},[44,156770,156772],{"className":46,"code":156771,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156773,156774,156802],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156775,156776,156778,156780,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156777,116],{"class":67},[53,156779,156],{"class":71},[53,156781,637],{"class":75},[53,156783,156],{"class":71},[53,156785,81],{"class":67},[53,156787,165],{"class":71},[53,156789,646],{"class":75},[53,156791,156],{"class":71},[53,156793,81],{"class":67},[53,156795,165],{"class":71},[53,156797,666],{"class":75},[53,156799,156],{"class":71},[53,156801,125],{"class":67},[53,156803,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842,156844],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156805,116],{"class":67},[53,156807,156],{"class":71},[53,156809,464],{"class":75},[53,156811,156],{"class":71},[53,156813,81],{"class":67},[53,156815,165],{"class":71},[53,156817,637],{"class":75},[53,156819,156],{"class":71},[53,156821,81],{"class":67},[53,156823,165],{"class":71},[53,156825,646],{"class":75},[53,156827,156],{"class":71},[53,156829,81],{"class":67},[53,156831,165],{"class":71},[53,156833,666],{"class":75},[53,156835,156],{"class":71},[53,156837,81],{"class":67},[53,156839,165],{"class":71},[53,156841,59806],{"class":75},[53,156843,156],{"class":71},[53,156845,125],{"class":67},[20,156847,156848,156849,37],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[464,156850,147233],{"href":156851},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[39,156853,156855],{"id":156854},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,156857,156858],{},"The full syntax is:",[44,156860,156862],{"className":46,"code":156861,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156863,156864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156865,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876,156878,156880],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156867,147251],{"class":59},[53,156869,3260],{"class":67},[53,156871,35428],{"class":59},[53,156873,191],{"class":67},[53,156875,74785],{"class":59},[53,156877,191],{"class":67},[53,156879,74788],{"class":59},[53,156881,2995],{"class":67},[20,156883,156884],{},"Each part has a job:",[193,156886,156887,156892,156897],{},[196,156888,156889,156891],{},[15,156890,35428],{},": where slicing begins",[196,156893,156894,156896],{},[15,156895,74785],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[196,156898,156899,156901],{},[15,156900,74788],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,156903,156904],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,156906,1559],{},[44,156908,156910],{"className":46,"code":156909,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,156911,156912,156944,156948],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156913,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156915,266],{"class":59},[53,156917,64],{"class":63},[53,156919,8605],{"class":67},[53,156921,1684],{"class":273},[53,156923,81],{"class":67},[53,156925,7155],{"class":273},[53,156927,81],{"class":67},[53,156929,7160],{"class":273},[53,156931,81],{"class":67},[53,156933,50202],{"class":273},[53,156935,81],{"class":67},[53,156937,4439],{"class":273},[53,156939,81],{"class":67},[53,156941,75459],{"class":273},[53,156943,125],{"class":67},[53,156945,156946],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,156947,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,156949,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,156951,132],{"class":131},[53,156953,116],{"class":67},[53,156955,291],{"class":112},[53,156957,3260],{"class":67},[53,156959,274],{"class":273},[53,156961,191],{"class":67},[53,156963,1487],{"class":273},[53,156965,191],{"class":67},[53,156967,300],{"class":273},[53,156969,3248],{"class":67},[20,156971,772],{},[44,156973,156975],{"className":46,"code":156974,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40)\n",[15,156976,156977],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,156978,156979,156981,156983,156985,156987],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,156980,116],{"class":67},[53,156982,15114],{"class":273},[53,156984,81],{"class":67},[53,156986,50202],{"class":273},[53,156988,125],{"class":67},[20,156990,156991,156992,156994,156995,156997,156998,37],{},"This starts at index ",[15,156993,274],{},", stops before index ",[15,156996,1487],{},", and moves by ",[15,156999,300],{},[20,157001,157002,157003,37],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[464,157004,148906],{"href":152332},[39,157006,75375],{"id":75374},[20,157008,157009],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[599,157011,157013,157014,5327],{"id":157012},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157015,75389],{},[44,157017,157019],{"className":46,"code":157018,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157020,157021,157049,157053],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157022,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157024,266],{"class":59},[53,157026,64],{"class":63},[53,157028,8605],{"class":67},[53,157030,1684],{"class":273},[53,157032,81],{"class":67},[53,157034,7155],{"class":273},[53,157036,81],{"class":67},[53,157038,7160],{"class":273},[53,157040,81],{"class":67},[53,157042,50202],{"class":273},[53,157044,81],{"class":67},[53,157046,4439],{"class":273},[53,157048,125],{"class":67},[53,157050,157051],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157052,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157054,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063,157065],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157056,132],{"class":131},[53,157058,116],{"class":67},[53,157060,291],{"class":112},[53,157062,74894],{"class":67},[53,157064,1412],{"class":273},[53,157066,3248],{"class":67},[20,157068,772],{},[44,157070,157071],{"className":46,"code":150598,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,157072,157073],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157074,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157076,116],{"class":67},[53,157078,1684],{"class":273},[53,157080,81],{"class":67},[53,157082,7155],{"class":273},[53,157084,81],{"class":67},[53,157086,7160],{"class":273},[53,157088,125],{"class":67},[599,157090,157092],{"id":157091},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[44,157094,157096],{"className":46,"code":157095,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157097,157098,157126,157130],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157099,157100,157102,157104,157106,157108,157110,157112,157114,157116,157118,157120,157122,157124],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157101,266],{"class":59},[53,157103,64],{"class":63},[53,157105,8605],{"class":67},[53,157107,1684],{"class":273},[53,157109,81],{"class":67},[53,157111,7155],{"class":273},[53,157113,81],{"class":67},[53,157115,7160],{"class":273},[53,157117,81],{"class":67},[53,157119,50202],{"class":273},[53,157121,81],{"class":67},[53,157123,4439],{"class":273},[53,157125,125],{"class":67},[53,157127,157128],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157129,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157131,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157133,132],{"class":131},[53,157135,116],{"class":67},[53,157137,291],{"class":112},[53,157139,3260],{"class":67},[53,157141,300],{"class":273},[53,157143,77075],{"class":67},[20,157145,772],{},[44,157147,157149],{"className":46,"code":157148,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157150,157151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157152,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157154,116],{"class":67},[53,157156,36194],{"class":273},[53,157158,81],{"class":67},[53,157160,50202],{"class":273},[53,157162,81],{"class":67},[53,157164,4439],{"class":273},[53,157166,125],{"class":67},[599,157168,157170],{"id":157169},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[44,157172,157174],{"className":46,"code":157173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157175,157176,157204,157208],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157177,157178,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157179,266],{"class":59},[53,157181,64],{"class":63},[53,157183,8605],{"class":67},[53,157185,1684],{"class":273},[53,157187,81],{"class":67},[53,157189,7155],{"class":273},[53,157191,81],{"class":67},[53,157193,7160],{"class":273},[53,157195,81],{"class":67},[53,157197,50202],{"class":273},[53,157199,81],{"class":67},[53,157201,4439],{"class":273},[53,157203,125],{"class":67},[53,157205,157206],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157207,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157209,157210,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157211,132],{"class":131},[53,157213,116],{"class":67},[53,157215,291],{"class":112},[53,157217,3260],{"class":67},[53,157219,274],{"class":273},[53,157221,191],{"class":67},[53,157223,1858],{"class":273},[53,157225,3248],{"class":67},[20,157227,772],{},[44,157229,157231],{"className":46,"code":157230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157232,157233],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157234,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157236,116],{"class":67},[53,157238,15114],{"class":273},[53,157240,81],{"class":67},[53,157242,7160],{"class":273},[53,157244,81],{"class":67},[53,157246,50202],{"class":273},[53,157248,125],{"class":67},[599,157250,157252],{"id":157251},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[44,157254,157256],{"className":46,"code":157255,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157257,157258,157290,157294],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157259,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157261,266],{"class":59},[53,157263,64],{"class":63},[53,157265,8605],{"class":67},[53,157267,1684],{"class":273},[53,157269,81],{"class":67},[53,157271,7155],{"class":273},[53,157273,81],{"class":67},[53,157275,7160],{"class":273},[53,157277,81],{"class":67},[53,157279,50202],{"class":273},[53,157281,81],{"class":67},[53,157283,4439],{"class":273},[53,157285,81],{"class":67},[53,157287,75459],{"class":273},[53,157289,125],{"class":67},[53,157291,157292],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157293,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157295,157296,157298,157300,157302,157304,157306],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157297,132],{"class":131},[53,157299,116],{"class":67},[53,157301,291],{"class":112},[53,157303,73481],{"class":67},[53,157305,300],{"class":273},[53,157307,3248],{"class":67},[20,157309,772],{},[44,157311,157313],{"className":46,"code":157312,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157314,157315],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157316,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157318,116],{"class":67},[53,157320,1684],{"class":273},[53,157322,81],{"class":67},[53,157324,7160],{"class":273},[53,157326,81],{"class":67},[53,157328,4439],{"class":273},[53,157330,125],{"class":67},[599,157332,157334],{"id":157333},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[44,157336,157338],{"className":46,"code":157337,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157339,157340,157368,157372],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157341,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354,157356,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157343,266],{"class":59},[53,157345,64],{"class":63},[53,157347,8605],{"class":67},[53,157349,1684],{"class":273},[53,157351,81],{"class":67},[53,157353,7155],{"class":273},[53,157355,81],{"class":67},[53,157357,7160],{"class":273},[53,157359,81],{"class":67},[53,157361,50202],{"class":273},[53,157363,81],{"class":67},[53,157365,4439],{"class":273},[53,157367,125],{"class":67},[53,157369,157370],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157371,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157373,157374,157376,157378,157380,157382,157384,157386],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157375,132],{"class":131},[53,157377,116],{"class":67},[53,157379,291],{"class":112},[53,157381,73481],{"class":67},[53,157383,1371],{"class":63},[53,157385,274],{"class":273},[53,157387,3248],{"class":67},[20,157389,772],{},[44,157391,157393],{"className":46,"code":157392,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157394,157395],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157396,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407,157409,157411,157413,157415,157417],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157398,116],{"class":67},[53,157400,76153],{"class":273},[53,157402,81],{"class":67},[53,157404,50202],{"class":273},[53,157406,81],{"class":67},[53,157408,7160],{"class":273},[53,157410,81],{"class":67},[53,157412,7155],{"class":273},[53,157414,81],{"class":67},[53,157416,5366],{"class":273},[53,157418,125],{"class":67},[39,157420,75669],{"id":75668},[20,157422,153605],{},[20,157424,157425],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[599,157427,157429],{"id":157428},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[44,157431,157433],{"className":46,"code":157432,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157434,157435,157467,157471],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157436,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157438,266],{"class":59},[53,157440,64],{"class":63},[53,157442,8605],{"class":67},[53,157444,1684],{"class":273},[53,157446,81],{"class":67},[53,157448,7155],{"class":273},[53,157450,81],{"class":67},[53,157452,7160],{"class":273},[53,157454,81],{"class":67},[53,157456,50202],{"class":273},[53,157458,81],{"class":67},[53,157460,4439],{"class":273},[53,157462,81],{"class":67},[53,157464,75459],{"class":273},[53,157466,125],{"class":67},[53,157468,157469],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157470,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157472,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157474,132],{"class":131},[53,157476,116],{"class":67},[53,157478,291],{"class":112},[53,157480,3260],{"class":67},[53,157482,1371],{"class":63},[53,157484,1412],{"class":273},[53,157486,77075],{"class":67},[20,157488,772],{},[44,157490,157492],{"className":46,"code":157491,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157493,157494],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157495,157496,157498,157500,157502,157504,157506,157508],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157497,116],{"class":67},[53,157499,56050],{"class":273},[53,157501,81],{"class":67},[53,157503,4439],{"class":273},[53,157505,81],{"class":67},[53,157507,75459],{"class":273},[53,157509,125],{"class":67},[599,157511,157513],{"id":157512},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[44,157515,157517],{"className":46,"code":157516,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157518,157519,157547,157551],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157520,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537,157539,157541,157543,157545],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157522,266],{"class":59},[53,157524,64],{"class":63},[53,157526,8605],{"class":67},[53,157528,1684],{"class":273},[53,157530,81],{"class":67},[53,157532,7155],{"class":273},[53,157534,81],{"class":67},[53,157536,7160],{"class":273},[53,157538,81],{"class":67},[53,157540,50202],{"class":273},[53,157542,81],{"class":67},[53,157544,4439],{"class":273},[53,157546,125],{"class":67},[53,157548,157549],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157550,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157552,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157554,132],{"class":131},[53,157556,116],{"class":67},[53,157558,291],{"class":112},[53,157560,74894],{"class":67},[53,157562,1371],{"class":63},[53,157564,274],{"class":273},[53,157566,3248],{"class":67},[20,157568,772],{},[44,157570,157572],{"className":46,"code":157571,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157573,157574],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157575,157576,157578,157580,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157577,116],{"class":67},[53,157579,1684],{"class":273},[53,157581,81],{"class":67},[53,157583,7155],{"class":273},[53,157585,81],{"class":67},[53,157587,7160],{"class":273},[53,157589,81],{"class":67},[53,157591,50202],{"class":273},[53,157593,125],{"class":67},[20,157595,157596,157597,37],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[464,157598,150155],{"href":156489},[39,157600,157602],{"id":157601},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157604,1329,157605,157607],{},[15,157606,74788],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[193,157609,157610,157612,157614,157620],{},[196,157611,75925],{},[196,157613,75928],{},[196,157615,157616,157619],{},[15,157617,157618],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[196,157621,157622,157623,157625],{},"A step of ",[15,157624,1470],{}," is not allowed",[20,157627,157628],{},"Example with a positive step:",[44,157630,157632],{"className":46,"code":157631,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157633,157634,157666,157670],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157635,157636,157638,157640,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157637,266],{"class":59},[53,157639,64],{"class":63},[53,157641,8605],{"class":67},[53,157643,1684],{"class":273},[53,157645,81],{"class":67},[53,157647,7155],{"class":273},[53,157649,81],{"class":67},[53,157651,7160],{"class":273},[53,157653,81],{"class":67},[53,157655,50202],{"class":273},[53,157657,81],{"class":67},[53,157659,4439],{"class":273},[53,157661,81],{"class":67},[53,157663,75459],{"class":273},[53,157665,125],{"class":67},[53,157667,157668],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157669,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157671,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157673,132],{"class":131},[53,157675,116],{"class":67},[53,157677,291],{"class":112},[53,157679,3260],{"class":67},[53,157681,274],{"class":273},[53,157683,191],{"class":67},[53,157685,79953],{"class":273},[53,157687,191],{"class":67},[53,157689,300],{"class":273},[53,157691,3248],{"class":67},[20,157693,772],{},[44,157695,157697],{"className":46,"code":157696,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157698,157699],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157700,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157702,116],{"class":67},[53,157704,15114],{"class":273},[53,157706,81],{"class":67},[53,157708,50202],{"class":273},[53,157710,81],{"class":67},[53,157712,75459],{"class":273},[53,157714,125],{"class":67},[20,157716,157717],{},"Example with a negative step:",[44,157719,157721],{"className":46,"code":157720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157722,157723,157751,157755],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157724,157725,157727,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157726,266],{"class":59},[53,157728,64],{"class":63},[53,157730,8605],{"class":67},[53,157732,1684],{"class":273},[53,157734,81],{"class":67},[53,157736,7155],{"class":273},[53,157738,81],{"class":67},[53,157740,7160],{"class":273},[53,157742,81],{"class":67},[53,157744,50202],{"class":273},[53,157746,81],{"class":67},[53,157748,4439],{"class":273},[53,157750,125],{"class":67},[53,157752,157753],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157754,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157756,157757,157759,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157758,132],{"class":131},[53,157760,116],{"class":67},[53,157762,291],{"class":112},[53,157764,3260],{"class":67},[53,157766,1858],{"class":273},[53,157768,191],{"class":67},[53,157770,274],{"class":273},[53,157772,191],{"class":67},[53,157774,1371],{"class":63},[53,157776,274],{"class":273},[53,157778,3248],{"class":67},[20,157780,772],{},[44,157782,157784],{"className":46,"code":157783,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157785,157786],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157787,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157789,116],{"class":67},[53,157791,76153],{"class":273},[53,157793,81],{"class":67},[53,157795,50202],{"class":273},[53,157797,81],{"class":67},[53,157799,7160],{"class":273},[53,157801,125],{"class":67},[20,157803,157804],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[44,157806,157808],{"className":46,"code":157807,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,157809,157810,157830,157834],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157811,157812,157814,157816,157818,157820,157822,157824,157826,157828],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157813,266],{"class":59},[53,157815,64],{"class":63},[53,157817,8605],{"class":67},[53,157819,1684],{"class":273},[53,157821,81],{"class":67},[53,157823,7155],{"class":273},[53,157825,81],{"class":67},[53,157827,7160],{"class":273},[53,157829,125],{"class":67},[53,157831,157832],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157833,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157835,157836,157838,157840,157842,157844,157846],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157837,132],{"class":131},[53,157839,116],{"class":67},[53,157841,291],{"class":112},[53,157843,73481],{"class":67},[53,157845,1470],{"class":273},[53,157847,3248],{"class":67},[20,157849,157850],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[39,157852,157854],{"id":157853},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,157856,157857,157858,33095],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[30,157859,48311],{},[599,157861,157863],{"id":157862},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[44,157865,157867],{"className":46,"code":157866,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157868,157869,157893,157897,157915,157919,157929],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157870,157871,157873,157875,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157872,266],{"class":59},[53,157874,64],{"class":63},[53,157876,8605],{"class":67},[53,157878,1684],{"class":273},[53,157880,81],{"class":67},[53,157882,7155],{"class":273},[53,157884,81],{"class":67},[53,157886,7160],{"class":273},[53,157888,81],{"class":67},[53,157890,50202],{"class":273},[53,157892,125],{"class":67},[53,157894,157895],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157896,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157898,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,157900,1582],{"class":59},[53,157902,64],{"class":63},[53,157904,3622],{"class":59},[53,157906,3260],{"class":67},[53,157908,274],{"class":273},[53,157910,191],{"class":67},[53,157912,1412],{"class":273},[53,157914,2995],{"class":67},[53,157916,157917],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,157918,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,157920,157921,157923,157925,157927],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,157922,132],{"class":131},[53,157924,116],{"class":67},[53,157926,1617],{"class":112},[53,157928,125],{"class":67},[53,157930,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,157932,132],{"class":131},[53,157934,116],{"class":67},[53,157936,2578],{"class":550},[53,157938,116],{"class":67},[53,157940,1617],{"class":112},[53,157942,1377],{"class":67},[20,157944,772],{},[44,157946,157948],{"className":46,"code":157947,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,157949,157950,157962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157951,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157953,116],{"class":67},[53,157955,15114],{"class":273},[53,157957,81],{"class":67},[53,157959,7160],{"class":273},[53,157961,125],{"class":67},[53,157963,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,157965,2647],{"class":63},[53,157967,2650],{"class":1415},[53,157969,165],{"class":71},[53,157971,48311],{"class":75},[53,157973,156],{"class":71},[53,157975,2659],{"class":63},[599,157977,157979],{"id":157978},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[44,157981,157983],{"className":46,"code":157982,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,157984,157985,158005,158009,158027,158031,158041],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,157986,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,157988,266],{"class":59},[53,157990,64],{"class":63},[53,157992,8605],{"class":67},[53,157994,1684],{"class":273},[53,157996,81],{"class":67},[53,157998,7155],{"class":273},[53,158000,81],{"class":67},[53,158002,7160],{"class":273},[53,158004,125],{"class":67},[53,158006,158007],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158008,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158010,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158012,1582],{"class":59},[53,158014,64],{"class":63},[53,158016,3622],{"class":59},[53,158018,3260],{"class":67},[53,158020,274],{"class":273},[53,158022,191],{"class":67},[53,158024,300],{"class":273},[53,158026,2995],{"class":67},[53,158028,158029],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,158030,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158032,158033,158035,158037,158039],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,158034,132],{"class":131},[53,158036,116],{"class":67},[53,158038,1617],{"class":112},[53,158040,125],{"class":67},[53,158042,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051,158053],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,158044,132],{"class":131},[53,158046,116],{"class":67},[53,158048,2578],{"class":550},[53,158050,116],{"class":67},[53,158052,1617],{"class":112},[53,158054,1377],{"class":67},[20,158056,772],{},[44,158058,158060],{"className":46,"code":158059,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158061,158062,158070],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158063,158064,158066,158068],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158065,116],{"class":67},[53,158067,15114],{"class":273},[53,158069,148589],{"class":67},[53,158071,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158073,2647],{"class":63},[53,158075,2650],{"class":1415},[53,158077,165],{"class":71},[53,158079,48311],{"class":75},[53,158081,156],{"class":71},[53,158083,2659],{"class":63},[599,158085,158087],{"id":158086},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[44,158089,158091],{"className":46,"code":158090,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158092,158093,158113,158117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158094,158095,158097,158099,158101,158103,158105,158107,158109,158111],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158096,266],{"class":59},[53,158098,64],{"class":63},[53,158100,8605],{"class":67},[53,158102,1684],{"class":273},[53,158104,81],{"class":67},[53,158106,7155],{"class":273},[53,158108,81],{"class":67},[53,158110,7160],{"class":273},[53,158112,125],{"class":67},[53,158114,158115],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158116,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158118,158119,158121,158123,158125,158127,158129,158131,158133],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158120,132],{"class":131},[53,158122,116],{"class":67},[53,158124,291],{"class":112},[53,158126,3260],{"class":67},[53,158128,1487],{"class":273},[53,158130,191],{"class":67},[53,158132,1699],{"class":273},[53,158134,3248],{"class":67},[20,158136,772],{},[44,158138,158139],{"className":46,"code":8011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158140,158141],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158142,158143],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158144,8011],{"class":67},[20,158146,158147,158148,37],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[464,158149,155325],{"href":150212},[39,158151,158153],{"id":158152},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158155,158156],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[193,158158,158159,158161,158164,158169],{},[196,158160,76234],{},[196,158162,158163],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[196,158165,158166,158167],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158168,70090],{},[196,158170,158171],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158173,1559],{},[44,158175,158177],{"className":46,"code":158176,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158178,158179,158199,158203,158220,158241],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158180,158181,158183,158185,158187,158189,158191,158193,158195,158197],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158182,266],{"class":59},[53,158184,64],{"class":63},[53,158186,8605],{"class":67},[53,158188,1684],{"class":273},[53,158190,81],{"class":67},[53,158192,7155],{"class":273},[53,158194,81],{"class":67},[53,158196,7160],{"class":273},[53,158198,125],{"class":67},[53,158200,158201],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158202,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158204,158205,158207,158209,158211,158213,158215,158217],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158206,132],{"class":131},[53,158208,116],{"class":67},[53,158210,291],{"class":112},[53,158212,3260],{"class":67},[53,158214,274],{"class":273},[53,158216,19802],{"class":67},[53,158218,158219],{"class":3024},"    # one item\n",[53,158221,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230,158232,158234,158236,158238],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,158223,132],{"class":131},[53,158225,116],{"class":67},[53,158227,291],{"class":112},[53,158229,3260],{"class":67},[53,158231,274],{"class":273},[53,158233,191],{"class":67},[53,158235,1487],{"class":273},[53,158237,19802],{"class":67},[53,158239,158240],{"class":3024},"  # slice\n",[53,158242,158243,158245,158247,158249,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,158244,132],{"class":131},[53,158246,116],{"class":67},[53,158248,291],{"class":112},[53,158250,3260],{"class":67},[53,158252,1487],{"class":273},[53,158254,191],{"class":67},[53,158256,1699],{"class":273},[53,158258,19802],{"class":67},[53,158260,158261],{"class":3024},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158263,772],{},[44,158265,158267],{"className":46,"code":158266,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158268,158269,158273,158285],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158270,158271],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158272,70583],{"class":273},[53,158274,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158276,116],{"class":67},[53,158278,15114],{"class":273},[53,158280,81],{"class":67},[53,158282,7160],{"class":273},[53,158284,125],{"class":67},[53,158286,158287],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158288,8011],{"class":67},[20,158290,158291],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[44,158293,158295],{"className":46,"code":158294,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158296,158297,158317,158321],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158298,158299,158301,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158300,266],{"class":59},[53,158302,64],{"class":63},[53,158304,8605],{"class":67},[53,158306,1684],{"class":273},[53,158308,81],{"class":67},[53,158310,7155],{"class":273},[53,158312,81],{"class":67},[53,158314,7160],{"class":273},[53,158316,125],{"class":67},[53,158318,158319],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158320,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158322,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331,158333],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158324,132],{"class":131},[53,158326,116],{"class":67},[53,158328,291],{"class":112},[53,158330,3260],{"class":67},[53,158332,1487],{"class":273},[53,158334,3248],{"class":67},[20,158336,158337,158338,158340,158341,37],{},"This raises an ",[15,158339,70090],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[464,158342,154078],{"href":158343},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[39,158345,14537],{"id":76501},[20,158347,158348],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[193,158350,158351,158354,158356,158359],{},[196,158352,158353],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[196,158355,60051],{},[196,158357,158358],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[196,158360,158361,158362],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158363,1470],{},[20,158365,158366],{},"Here are a few examples.",[599,158368,158370],{"id":158369},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[44,158372,158373],{"className":46,"code":157173,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158374,158375,158403,158407],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158376,158377,158379,158381,158383,158385,158387,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158378,266],{"class":59},[53,158380,64],{"class":63},[53,158382,8605],{"class":67},[53,158384,1684],{"class":273},[53,158386,81],{"class":67},[53,158388,7155],{"class":273},[53,158390,81],{"class":67},[53,158392,7160],{"class":273},[53,158394,81],{"class":67},[53,158396,50202],{"class":273},[53,158398,81],{"class":67},[53,158400,4439],{"class":273},[53,158402,125],{"class":67},[53,158404,158405],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158406,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158408,158409,158411,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158410,132],{"class":131},[53,158412,116],{"class":67},[53,158414,291],{"class":112},[53,158416,3260],{"class":67},[53,158418,274],{"class":273},[53,158420,191],{"class":67},[53,158422,1858],{"class":273},[53,158424,3248],{"class":67},[20,158426,772],{},[44,158428,158429],{"className":46,"code":157230,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158430,158431],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158432,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443,158445],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158434,116],{"class":67},[53,158436,15114],{"class":273},[53,158438,81],{"class":67},[53,158440,7160],{"class":273},[53,158442,81],{"class":67},[53,158444,50202],{"class":273},[53,158446,125],{"class":67},[20,158448,131657,158449,158451],{},[15,158450,1858],{}," is not included.",[599,158453,158455],{"id":158454},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158457,3883],{},[44,158459,158461],{"className":46,"code":158460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158462,158463,158487,158491],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158464,158465,158467,158469,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158466,266],{"class":59},[53,158468,64],{"class":63},[53,158470,8605],{"class":67},[53,158472,1684],{"class":273},[53,158474,81],{"class":67},[53,158476,7155],{"class":273},[53,158478,81],{"class":67},[53,158480,7160],{"class":273},[53,158482,81],{"class":67},[53,158484,50202],{"class":273},[53,158486,125],{"class":67},[53,158488,158489],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158490,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158492,158493],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158494,158495],{"class":3024},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158497,158498],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[44,158500,158501],{"className":46,"code":154158,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,158502,158503,158527,158531],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158504,158505,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523,158525],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158506,266],{"class":59},[53,158508,64],{"class":63},[53,158510,8605],{"class":67},[53,158512,1684],{"class":273},[53,158514,81],{"class":67},[53,158516,7155],{"class":273},[53,158518,81],{"class":67},[53,158520,7160],{"class":273},[53,158522,81],{"class":67},[53,158524,50202],{"class":273},[53,158526,125],{"class":67},[53,158528,158529],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158530,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158532,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541,158543,158545,158547],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158534,132],{"class":131},[53,158536,116],{"class":67},[53,158538,291],{"class":112},[53,158540,3260],{"class":67},[53,158542,274],{"class":273},[53,158544,191],{"class":67},[53,158546,1412],{"class":273},[53,158548,3248],{"class":67},[599,158550,158552],{"id":158551},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[44,158554,158556],{"className":46,"code":158555,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158557,158558,158582,158586,158601,158605,158616],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158559,158560,158562,158564,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158561,266],{"class":59},[53,158563,64],{"class":63},[53,158565,8605],{"class":67},[53,158567,1684],{"class":273},[53,158569,81],{"class":67},[53,158571,7155],{"class":273},[53,158573,81],{"class":67},[53,158575,7160],{"class":273},[53,158577,81],{"class":67},[53,158579,50202],{"class":273},[53,158581,125],{"class":67},[53,158583,158584],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158585,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158587,158588,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158589,158590],{"class":59},"slice_result ",[53,158592,64],{"class":63},[53,158594,3622],{"class":59},[53,158596,74894],{"class":67},[53,158598,300],{"class":273},[53,158600,2995],{"class":67},[53,158602,158603],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,158604,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158606,158607,158609,158611,158614],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,158608,132],{"class":131},[53,158610,116],{"class":67},[53,158612,158613],{"class":112},"slice_result",[53,158615,125],{"class":67},[53,158617,158618,158620,158622,158624],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,158619,132],{"class":131},[53,158621,116],{"class":67},[53,158623,291],{"class":112},[53,158625,125],{"class":67},[20,158627,772],{},[44,158629,158631],{"className":46,"code":158630,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158632,158633,158645],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158634,158635,158637,158639,158641,158643],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158636,116],{"class":67},[53,158638,1684],{"class":273},[53,158640,81],{"class":67},[53,158642,7155],{"class":273},[53,158644,125],{"class":67},[53,158646,158647,158649,158651,158653,158655,158657,158659,158661,158663],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158648,116],{"class":67},[53,158650,1684],{"class":273},[53,158652,81],{"class":67},[53,158654,7155],{"class":273},[53,158656,81],{"class":67},[53,158658,7160],{"class":273},[53,158660,81],{"class":67},[53,158662,50202],{"class":273},[53,158664,125],{"class":67},[20,158666,158667],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[39,158669,112971],{"id":112970},[20,158671,158672],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[193,158674,158675,158678,158681,158687,158690],{},[196,158676,158677],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[196,158679,158680],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[196,158682,158683,158684],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158685,158686],{},"tuple[::0]",[196,158688,158689],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[196,158691,158692],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158694,158695],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[44,158697,158699],{"className":46,"code":158698,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158700,158701,158711,158729,158751],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158702,158703,158705,158707,158709],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158704,132],{"class":131},[53,158706,116],{"class":67},[53,158708,147251],{"class":112},[53,158710,125],{"class":67},[53,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158714,132],{"class":131},[53,158716,116],{"class":67},[53,158718,147251],{"class":112},[53,158720,3260],{"class":67},[53,158722,274],{"class":273},[53,158724,191],{"class":67},[53,158726,1858],{"class":273},[53,158728,3248],{"class":67},[53,158730,158731,158733,158735,158737,158739,158741,158743,158745,158747,158749],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158732,132],{"class":131},[53,158734,116],{"class":67},[53,158736,2578],{"class":550},[53,158738,116],{"class":67},[53,158740,147251],{"class":112},[53,158742,3260],{"class":67},[53,158744,274],{"class":273},[53,158746,191],{"class":67},[53,158748,1858],{"class":273},[53,158750,2354],{"class":67},[53,158752,158753,158755,158757,158759,158761,158763],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,158754,132],{"class":131},[53,158756,116],{"class":67},[53,158758,10528],{"class":131},[53,158760,116],{"class":67},[53,158762,147251],{"class":112},[53,158764,1377],{"class":67},[20,158766,10537],{},[193,158768,158769,158771,158774,158777],{},[196,158770,154465],{},[196,158772,158773],{},"what the slice actually returns",[196,158775,158776],{},"that the result is a tuple",[196,158778,158779],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[39,158781,1187],{"id":1186},[599,158783,158785],{"id":158784},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158787,158788],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[599,158790,158792],{"id":158791},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158794,158795],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[599,158797,4501,158799,39314],{"id":158798},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,158800,157618],{},[20,158802,158803],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[599,158805,158807,158808,1222],{"id":158806},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,158809,70090],{},[20,158811,158812,158813,37],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,158814,70090],{},[39,158816,1244],{"id":1243},[193,158818,158819,158823,158827,158831,158835],{},[196,158820,158821],{},[464,158822,155325],{"href":150212},[196,158824,158825],{},[464,158826,148906],{"href":152332},[196,158828,158829],{},[464,158830,150155],{"href":156489},[196,158832,158833],{},[464,158834,147233],{"href":156851},[196,158836,158837],{},[464,158838,154078],{"href":158343},[1276,158840,158841],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":158843},[158844,158845,158846,158847,158855,158859,158860,158865,158866,158871,158872,158880],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":156651,"depth":104,"text":156652},{"id":156854,"depth":104,"text":156855},{"id":75374,"depth":104,"text":75375,"children":158848},[158849,158851,158852,158853,158854],{"id":157012,"depth":128,"text":158850},"Get the first n items",{"id":157091,"depth":128,"text":157092},{"id":157169,"depth":128,"text":157170},{"id":157251,"depth":128,"text":157252},{"id":157333,"depth":128,"text":157334},{"id":75668,"depth":104,"text":75669,"children":158856},[158857,158858],{"id":157428,"depth":128,"text":157429},{"id":157512,"depth":128,"text":157513},{"id":157601,"depth":104,"text":157602},{"id":157853,"depth":104,"text":157854,"children":158861},[158862,158863,158864],{"id":157862,"depth":128,"text":157863},{"id":157978,"depth":128,"text":157979},{"id":158086,"depth":128,"text":158087},{"id":158152,"depth":104,"text":158153},{"id":76501,"depth":104,"text":14537,"children":158867},[158868,158869,158870],{"id":158369,"depth":128,"text":158370},{"id":158454,"depth":128,"text":158455},{"id":158551,"depth":128,"text":158552},{"id":112970,"depth":104,"text":112971},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":158873},[158874,158875,158876,158878],{"id":158784,"depth":128,"text":158785},{"id":158791,"depth":128,"text":158792},{"id":158798,"depth":128,"text":158877},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":158806,"depth":128,"text":158879},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156495,"description":158881},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":158888,"title":158889,"body":158890,"description":160713,"extension":1312,"meta":160714,"navigation":383,"path":34162,"seo":160715,"stem":160716,"__hash__":160717},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":158891,"toc":160679},[158892,158897,158902,158906,158924,158927,158942,158948,158950,159007,159009,159041,159053,159059,159064,159067,159102,159108,159110,159113,159127,159130,159132,159155,159157,159175,159178,159194,159196,159199,159312,159314,159403,159406,159411,159417,159420,159423,159522,159524,159583,159588,159591,159660,159664,159696,159712,159717,159724,159731,159743,159745,159794,159796,159819,159825,159873,159878,159885,159893,159899,159902,159926,159929,159931,160007,160009,160034,160040,160043,160048,160052,160066,160068,160131,160133,160165,160168,160184,160186,160192,160199,160201,160220,160222,160240,160247,160252,160259,160261,160298,160301,160308,160312,160315,160373,160376,160379,160434,160436,160448,160454,160456,160460,160493,160500,160502,160565,160568,160570,160575,160589,160596,160604,160613,160622,160628,160634,160636,160676],[10,158893,2934,158895,2938],{"id":158894},"python-type-function-explained",[15,158896,1655],{},[20,158898,31671,158899,158901],{},[15,158900,1655],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,158903,62126,158904,103911],{},[15,158905,1655],{},[193,158907,158908,158911,158914,158917],{},[196,158909,158910],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[196,158912,158913],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[196,158915,158916],{},"debug confusing code",[196,158918,158919,158920],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[464,158921,158922],{"href":7586},[15,158923,2313],{},[20,158925,158926],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[44,158928,158930],{"className":46,"code":158929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(object)\n",[15,158931,158932],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158933,158934,158936,158938,158940],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158935,2578],{"class":550},[53,158937,116],{"class":67},[53,158939,41754],{"class":550},[53,158941,125],{"class":67},[20,158943,158944,158945,158947],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,158946,1655],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[39,158949,2968],{"id":2967},[44,158951,158953],{"className":46,"code":158952,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,158954,158955,158967,158981,158985,158993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,158956,158957,158959,158961,158963,158965],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,158958,7242],{"class":59},[53,158960,64],{"class":63},[53,158962,84],{"class":71},[53,158964,4362],{"class":75},[53,158966,2715],{"class":71},[53,158968,158969,158971,158973,158975,158977,158979],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,158970,132],{"class":131},[53,158972,116],{"class":67},[53,158974,2578],{"class":550},[53,158976,116],{"class":67},[53,158978,7032],{"class":112},[53,158980,1377],{"class":67},[53,158982,158983],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,158984,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,158986,158987,158989,158991],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,158988,1569],{"class":59},[53,158990,64],{"class":63},[53,158992,1941],{"class":273},[53,158994,158995,158997,158999,159001,159003,159005],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,158996,132],{"class":131},[53,158998,116],{"class":67},[53,159000,2578],{"class":550},[53,159002,116],{"class":67},[53,159004,1592],{"class":112},[53,159006,1377],{"class":67},[20,159008,772],{},[44,159010,159011],{"className":46,"code":124318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159012,159013,159027],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159014,159015,159017,159019,159021,159023,159025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159016,2647],{"class":63},[53,159018,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159020,165],{"class":71},[53,159022,2801],{"class":75},[53,159024,156],{"class":71},[53,159026,2659],{"class":63},[53,159028,159029,159031,159033,159035,159037,159039],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159030,2647],{"class":63},[53,159032,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159034,165],{"class":71},[53,159036,1539],{"class":75},[53,159038,156],{"class":71},[53,159040,2659],{"class":63},[20,159042,174,159043,159046,159047,594,159050,37],{},[15,159044,159045],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159048,159049],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159051,159052],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[39,159054,12360,159056,159058],{"id":159055},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159057,1655],{}," function does",[20,159060,159061,159063],{},[15,159062,1655],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159065,159066],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[193,159068,159069,159074,159079,159084,159089,159094],{},[196,159070,159071,159073],{},[15,159072,2801],{}," for text",[196,159075,159076,159078],{},[15,159077,1539],{}," for whole numbers",[196,159080,159081,159083],{},[15,159082,1543],{}," for decimal numbers",[196,159085,159086,159088],{},[15,159087,7460],{}," for lists",[196,159090,159091,159093],{},[15,159092,8189],{}," for dictionaries",[196,159095,159096,68454,159098,594,159100],{},[15,159097,3228],{},[15,159099,2963],{},[15,159101,3035],{},[20,159103,159104,159105,159107],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159106,1655],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[39,159109,217],{"id":216},[20,159111,159112],{},"The main beginner form is:",[44,159114,159115],{"className":46,"code":158929,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159116,159117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159118,159119,159121,159123,159125],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159120,2578],{"class":550},[53,159122,116],{"class":67},[53,159124,41754],{"class":550},[53,159126,125],{"class":67},[20,159128,159129],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159131,1559],{},[44,159133,159135],{"className":46,"code":159134,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159136,159137],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159138,159139,159141,159143,159145,159147,159149,159151,159153],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159140,132],{"class":131},[53,159142,116],{"class":67},[53,159144,2578],{"class":550},[53,159146,116],{"class":67},[53,159148,72],{"class":71},[53,159150,3206],{"class":75},[53,159152,72],{"class":71},[53,159154,1377],{"class":67},[20,159156,772],{},[44,159158,159159],{"className":46,"code":45127,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159160,159161],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159162,159163,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159164,2647],{"class":63},[53,159166,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159168,165],{"class":71},[53,159170,2801],{"class":75},[53,159172,156],{"class":71},[53,159174,2659],{"class":63},[20,159176,159177],{},"You can pass either:",[193,159179,159180,159187],{},[196,159181,159182,159183,1219,159185],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159184,63894],{},[15,159186,45883],{},[196,159188,159189,159190,1219,159192],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159191,7032],{},[15,159193,8667],{},[39,159195,121130],{"id":121129},[20,159197,159198],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[44,159200,159202],{"className":46,"code":159201,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159203,159204,159222,159236,159250,159272,159298],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214,159216,159218,159220],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159207,132],{"class":131},[53,159209,116],{"class":67},[53,159211,2578],{"class":550},[53,159213,116],{"class":67},[53,159215,72],{"class":71},[53,159217,3206],{"class":75},[53,159219,72],{"class":71},[53,159221,1377],{"class":67},[53,159223,159224,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159225,132],{"class":131},[53,159227,116],{"class":67},[53,159229,2578],{"class":550},[53,159231,116],{"class":67},[53,159233,1684],{"class":273},[53,159235,1377],{"class":67},[53,159237,159238,159240,159242,159244,159246,159248],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159239,132],{"class":131},[53,159241,116],{"class":67},[53,159243,2578],{"class":550},[53,159245,116],{"class":67},[53,159247,39497],{"class":273},[53,159249,1377],{"class":67},[53,159251,159252,159254,159256,159258,159260,159262,159264,159266,159268,159270],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159253,132],{"class":131},[53,159255,116],{"class":67},[53,159257,2578],{"class":550},[53,159259,2341],{"class":67},[53,159261,274],{"class":273},[53,159263,81],{"class":67},[53,159265,279],{"class":273},[53,159267,81],{"class":67},[53,159269,284],{"class":273},[53,159271,2354],{"class":67},[53,159273,159274,159276,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,159275,132],{"class":131},[53,159277,116],{"class":67},[53,159279,2578],{"class":550},[53,159281,4890],{"class":67},[53,159283,72],{"class":71},[53,159285,7032],{"class":75},[53,159287,72],{"class":71},[53,159289,191],{"class":67},[53,159291,84],{"class":71},[53,159293,4362],{"class":75},[53,159295,72],{"class":71},[53,159297,4899],{"class":67},[53,159299,159300,159302,159304,159306,159308,159310],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,159301,132],{"class":131},[53,159303,116],{"class":67},[53,159305,2578],{"class":550},[53,159307,116],{"class":67},[53,159309,2963],{"class":938},[53,159311,1377],{"class":67},[20,159313,772],{},[44,159315,159317],{"className":46,"code":159316,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159318,159319,159333,159347,159361,159375,159389],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159320,159321,159323,159325,159327,159329,159331],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159322,2647],{"class":63},[53,159324,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159326,165],{"class":71},[53,159328,2801],{"class":75},[53,159330,156],{"class":71},[53,159332,2659],{"class":63},[53,159334,159335,159337,159339,159341,159343,159345],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159336,2647],{"class":63},[53,159338,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159340,165],{"class":71},[53,159342,1539],{"class":75},[53,159344,156],{"class":71},[53,159346,2659],{"class":63},[53,159348,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159350,2647],{"class":63},[53,159352,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159354,165],{"class":71},[53,159356,1543],{"class":75},[53,159358,156],{"class":71},[53,159360,2659],{"class":63},[53,159362,159363,159365,159367,159369,159371,159373],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159364,2647],{"class":63},[53,159366,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159368,165],{"class":71},[53,159370,7460],{"class":75},[53,159372,156],{"class":71},[53,159374,2659],{"class":63},[53,159376,159377,159379,159381,159383,159385,159387],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,159378,2647],{"class":63},[53,159380,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159382,165],{"class":71},[53,159384,8189],{"class":75},[53,159386,156],{"class":71},[53,159388,2659],{"class":63},[53,159390,159391,159393,159395,159397,159399,159401],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,159392,2647],{"class":63},[53,159394,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159396,165],{"class":71},[53,159398,3228],{"class":75},[53,159400,156],{"class":71},[53,159402,2659],{"class":63},[20,159404,159405],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159407,159408,159409,37],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[464,159410,44154],{"href":48336},[39,159412,7785,159414,159416],{"id":159413},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159415,1655],{}," with variables",[20,159418,159419],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159421,159422],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[44,159424,159426],{"className":46,"code":159425,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159427,159428,159436,159454,159458,159470,159488,159492,159504],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159429,159430,159432,159434],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159431,1801],{"class":59},[53,159433,64],{"class":63},[53,159435,1941],{"class":273},[53,159437,159438,159440,159442,159444,159446,159448,159450,159452],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159439,132],{"class":131},[53,159441,116],{"class":67},[53,159443,236],{"class":112},[53,159445,81],{"class":67},[53,159447,48748],{"class":550},[53,159449,116],{"class":67},[53,159451,236],{"class":112},[53,159453,1377],{"class":67},[53,159455,159456],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159457,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159461,1801],{"class":59},[53,159463,64],{"class":63},[53,159465,84],{"class":71},[53,159467,45264],{"class":75},[53,159469,2715],{"class":71},[53,159471,159472,159474,159476,159478,159480,159482,159484,159486],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,159473,132],{"class":131},[53,159475,116],{"class":67},[53,159477,236],{"class":112},[53,159479,81],{"class":67},[53,159481,48748],{"class":550},[53,159483,116],{"class":67},[53,159485,236],{"class":112},[53,159487,1377],{"class":67},[53,159489,159490],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,159491,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,159493,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,159495,1801],{"class":59},[53,159497,64],{"class":63},[53,159499,2982],{"class":67},[53,159501,1684],{"class":273},[53,159503,2995],{"class":67},[53,159505,159506,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518,159520],{"class":55,"line":5788},[53,159507,132],{"class":131},[53,159509,116],{"class":67},[53,159511,236],{"class":112},[53,159513,81],{"class":67},[53,159515,48748],{"class":550},[53,159517,116],{"class":67},[53,159519,236],{"class":112},[53,159521,1377],{"class":67},[20,159523,772],{},[44,159525,159527],{"className":46,"code":159526,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159528,159529,159546,159563],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159530,159531,159533,159536,159538,159540,159542,159544],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159532,1684],{"class":273},[53,159534,159535],{"class":63}," \u003C",[53,159537,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159539,165],{"class":71},[53,159541,1539],{"class":75},[53,159543,156],{"class":71},[53,159545,2659],{"class":63},[53,159547,159548,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559,159561],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159549,159550],{"class":59},"ten ",[53,159552,2647],{"class":63},[53,159554,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159556,165],{"class":71},[53,159558,2801],{"class":75},[53,159560,156],{"class":71},[53,159562,2659],{"class":63},[53,159564,159565,159567,159569,159571,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159566,3260],{"class":67},[53,159568,1684],{"class":273},[53,159570,12632],{"class":67},[53,159572,159535],{"class":63},[53,159574,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159576,165],{"class":71},[53,159578,7460],{"class":75},[53,159580,156],{"class":71},[53,159582,2659],{"class":63},[20,159584,159585,159587],{},[15,159586,1655],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159589,159590],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[44,159592,159594],{"className":46,"code":159593,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159595,159596,159614,159628,159632,159646],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159597,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608,159610,159612],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159599,2748],{"class":59},[53,159601,64],{"class":63},[53,159603,7609],{"class":131},[53,159605,116],{"class":67},[53,159607,72],{"class":71},[53,159609,41226],{"class":75},[53,159611,72],{"class":71},[53,159613,125],{"class":67},[53,159615,159616,159618,159620,159622,159624,159626],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159617,132],{"class":131},[53,159619,116],{"class":67},[53,159621,2578],{"class":550},[53,159623,116],{"class":67},[53,159625,2775],{"class":112},[53,159627,1377],{"class":67},[53,159629,159630],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159631,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,159633,159634,159636,159638,159640,159642,159644],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159635,122242],{"class":59},[53,159637,64],{"class":63},[53,159639,44633],{"class":550},[53,159641,116],{"class":67},[53,159643,2775],{"class":112},[53,159645,125],{"class":67},[53,159647,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,159649,132],{"class":131},[53,159651,116],{"class":67},[53,159653,2578],{"class":550},[53,159655,116],{"class":67},[53,159657,122265],{"class":112},[53,159659,1377],{"class":67},[20,159661,40475,159662,40479],{},[15,159663,8562],{},[44,159665,159666],{"className":46,"code":124318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,159667,159668,159682],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159669,159670,159672,159674,159676,159678,159680],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159671,2647],{"class":63},[53,159673,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159675,165],{"class":71},[53,159677,2801],{"class":75},[53,159679,156],{"class":71},[53,159681,2659],{"class":63},[53,159683,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159685,2647],{"class":63},[53,159687,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159689,165],{"class":71},[53,159691,1539],{"class":75},[53,159693,156],{"class":71},[53,159695,2659],{"class":63},[20,159697,45060,159698,159702,159703,1219,159707,159711],{},[464,159699,159700],{"href":7586},[15,159701,2313],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[464,159704,159705],{"href":2230},[15,159706,2233],{},[464,159708,159709],{"href":2236},[15,159710,2239],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159713,159714,159715,37],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[464,159716,8349],{"href":8348},[39,159718,159720,9952,159722],{"id":159719},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159721,1655],{},[15,159723,44162],{},[20,159725,159726,594,159728,159730],{},[15,159727,1655],{},[15,159729,44162],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[193,159732,159733,159738],{},[196,159734,159735,159737],{},[15,159736,1655],{}," tells you the exact type",[196,159739,159740,159742],{},[15,159741,44162],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159744,1559],{},[44,159746,159748],{"className":46,"code":159747,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159749,159750,159758,159762,159776],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159751,159752,159754,159756],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159753,1801],{"class":59},[53,159755,64],{"class":63},[53,159757,34196],{"class":273},[53,159759,159760],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159761,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,159763,159764,159766,159768,159770,159772,159774],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159765,132],{"class":131},[53,159767,116],{"class":67},[53,159769,2578],{"class":550},[53,159771,116],{"class":67},[53,159773,236],{"class":112},[53,159775,1377],{"class":67},[53,159777,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788,159790,159792],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159779,132],{"class":131},[53,159781,116],{"class":67},[53,159783,48233],{"class":131},[53,159785,116],{"class":67},[53,159787,236],{"class":112},[53,159789,81],{"class":67},[53,159791,44633],{"class":550},[53,159793,1377],{"class":67},[20,159795,772],{},[44,159797,159799],{"className":46,"code":159798,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,159800,159801,159815],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159802,159803,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159804,2647],{"class":63},[53,159806,2650],{"class":1415},[53,159808,165],{"class":71},[53,159810,1539],{"class":75},[53,159812,156],{"class":71},[53,159814,2659],{"class":63},[53,159816,159817],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159818,3340],{"class":938},[20,159820,159821,159822,159824],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,159823,44162],{}," is more practical.",[44,159826,159828],{"className":46,"code":159827,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,159829,159830,159838,159842,159858],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159831,159832,159834,159836],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159833,1801],{"class":59},[53,159835,64],{"class":63},[53,159837,34196],{"class":273},[53,159839,159840],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159841,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,159843,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852,159854,159856],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159845,1106],{"class":1105},[53,159847,48971],{"class":131},[53,159849,116],{"class":67},[53,159851,236],{"class":112},[53,159853,81],{"class":67},[53,159855,44633],{"class":550},[53,159857,7709],{"class":67},[53,159859,159860,159862,159864,159866,159869,159871],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159861,7435],{"class":131},[53,159863,116],{"class":67},[53,159865,72],{"class":71},[53,159867,159868],{"class":75},"This is an integer",[53,159870,72],{"class":71},[53,159872,125],{"class":67},[20,159874,174,159875,159877],{},[15,159876,1655],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,159879,174,159880,159882,159883,6535],{},[15,159881,44162],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,159884,1106],{},[20,159886,159887,159888,37],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[464,159889,2934,159891,2867],{"href":159890},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,159892,44162],{},[39,159894,159896,159897],{"id":159895},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,159898,1655],{},[20,159900,159901],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[44,159903,159905],{"className":46,"code":159904,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,159906,159907],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159908,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159920,159922,159924],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159910,2578],{"class":550},[53,159912,116],{"class":67},[53,159914,7032],{"class":112},[53,159916,81],{"class":67},[53,159918,159919],{"class":112}," bases",[53,159921,81],{"class":67},[53,159923,8539],{"class":550},[53,159925,125],{"class":67},[20,159927,159928],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,159930,1559],{},[44,159932,159934],{"className":46,"code":159933,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,159935,159936,159979,159983,159993],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,159937,159938,159941,159943,159945,159947,159949,159952,159954,159956,159959,159961,159963,159966,159968,159970,159972,159975,159977],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,159939,159940],{"class":59},"Person ",[53,159942,64],{"class":63},[53,159944,48748],{"class":550},[53,159946,116],{"class":67},[53,159948,72],{"class":71},[53,159950,159951],{"class":75},"Person",[53,159953,72],{"class":71},[53,159955,81],{"class":67},[53,159957,159958],{"class":67}," (),",[53,159960,68],{"class":67},[53,159962,72],{"class":71},[53,159964,159965],{"class":75},"species",[53,159967,72],{"class":71},[53,159969,191],{"class":67},[53,159971,84],{"class":71},[53,159973,159974],{"class":75},"human",[53,159976,72],{"class":71},[53,159978,29849],{"class":67},[53,159980,159981],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,159982,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,159984,159985,159987,159989,159991],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,159986,132],{"class":131},[53,159988,116],{"class":67},[53,159990,159951],{"class":112},[53,159992,125],{"class":67},[53,159994,159995,159997,159999,160001,160003,160005],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,159996,132],{"class":131},[53,159998,116],{"class":67},[53,160000,159951],{"class":112},[53,160002,37],{"class":67},[53,160004,159965],{"class":24104},[53,160006,125],{"class":67},[20,160008,772],{},[44,160010,160012],{"className":46,"code":160011,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160013,160014,160029],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160015,160016,160018,160020,160022,160025,160027],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160017,2647],{"class":63},[53,160019,2650],{"class":1415},[53,160021,165],{"class":71},[53,160023,160024],{"class":75},"__main__.Person",[53,160026,156],{"class":71},[53,160028,2659],{"class":63},[53,160030,160031],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160032,160033],{"class":59},"human\n",[20,160035,160036,160037,160039],{},"Most beginners do ",[30,160038,461],{}," need this form.",[20,160041,160042],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[39,160044,4319,160046],{"id":160045},"when-to-use-type",[15,160047,1655],{},[20,160049,160050,11809],{},[15,160051,1655],{},[193,160053,160054,160057,160060,160063],{},[196,160055,160056],{},"debug unexpected values",[196,160058,160059],{},"check what a conversion produced",[196,160061,160062],{},"learn Python data types",[196,160064,160065],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160067,4832],{},[44,160069,160071],{"className":46,"code":160070,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160072,160073,160085,160099,160103,160117],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160074,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160076,34042],{"class":59},[53,160078,64],{"class":63},[53,160080,84],{"class":71},[53,160082,49604],{"class":75},[53,160084,2715],{"class":71},[53,160086,160087,160089,160091,160093,160095,160097],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160088,1569],{"class":59},[53,160090,64],{"class":63},[53,160092,44633],{"class":550},[53,160094,116],{"class":67},[53,160096,34063],{"class":112},[53,160098,125],{"class":67},[53,160100,160101],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160102,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,160104,160105,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,160106,132],{"class":131},[53,160108,116],{"class":67},[53,160110,2578],{"class":550},[53,160112,116],{"class":67},[53,160114,34063],{"class":112},[53,160116,1377],{"class":67},[53,160118,160119,160121,160123,160125,160127,160129],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,160120,132],{"class":131},[53,160122,116],{"class":67},[53,160124,2578],{"class":550},[53,160126,116],{"class":67},[53,160128,1592],{"class":112},[53,160130,1377],{"class":67},[20,160132,772],{},[44,160134,160135],{"className":46,"code":124318,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160136,160137,160151],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160138,160139,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160140,2647],{"class":63},[53,160142,2650],{"class":1415},[53,160144,165],{"class":71},[53,160146,2801],{"class":75},[53,160148,156],{"class":71},[53,160150,2659],{"class":63},[53,160152,160153,160155,160157,160159,160161,160163],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160154,2647],{"class":63},[53,160156,2650],{"class":1415},[53,160158,165],{"class":71},[53,160160,1539],{"class":75},[53,160162,156],{"class":71},[53,160164,2659],{"class":63},[20,160166,160167],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160169,160170,160171,1540,160175,16431,160179,160183],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[464,160172,160173],{"href":41530},[15,160174,47041],{},[464,160176,160177],{"href":2230},[15,160178,2233],{},[464,160180,160181],{"href":2236},[15,160182,2239],{}," are often the next step.",[39,160185,24712],{"id":24711},[20,160187,160188,160189,160191],{},"A few things about ",[15,160190,1655],{}," often confuse beginners.",[599,160193,160195,160198],{"id":160194},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160196,160197],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160200,64003],{},[44,160202,160204],{"className":46,"code":160203,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160205,160206],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160207,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216,160218],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160209,132],{"class":131},[53,160211,116],{"class":67},[53,160213,2578],{"class":550},[53,160215,116],{"class":67},[53,160217,1487],{"class":273},[53,160219,1377],{"class":67},[20,160221,122161],{},[44,160223,160224],{"className":46,"code":155673,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160225,160226],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160227,160228,160230,160232,160234,160236,160238],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160229,2647],{"class":63},[53,160231,2650],{"class":1415},[53,160233,165],{"class":71},[53,160235,1539],{"class":75},[53,160237,156],{"class":71},[53,160239,2659],{"class":63},[20,160241,40260,160242,160244,160245,37],{},[30,160243,461],{}," print just ",[15,160246,1539],{},[20,160248,6040,160249,160251],{},[15,160250,1655],{}," returns a class object.",[599,160253,160255,1751,160257],{"id":160254},"input-returns-str",[15,160256,2313],{},[15,160258,2801],{},[20,160260,78901],{},[44,160262,160264],{"className":46,"code":160263,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160265,160266,160284],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160267,160268,160270,160272,160274,160276,160278,160280,160282],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160269,1801],{"class":59},[53,160271,64],{"class":63},[53,160273,7609],{"class":131},[53,160275,116],{"class":67},[53,160277,72],{"class":71},[53,160279,45667],{"class":75},[53,160281,72],{"class":71},[53,160283,125],{"class":67},[53,160285,160286,160288,160290,160292,160294,160296],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160287,132],{"class":131},[53,160289,116],{"class":67},[53,160291,2578],{"class":550},[53,160293,116],{"class":67},[53,160295,236],{"class":112},[53,160297,1377],{"class":67},[20,160299,160300],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160302,160303,160304,1219,160306,37],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160305,2233],{},[15,160307,2239],{},[599,160309,160311],{"id":160310},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160313,160314],{},"Avoid code like this:",[44,160316,160318],{"className":46,"code":160317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160319,160320,160328,160332,160358],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160321,160322,160324,160326],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160323,1801],{"class":59},[53,160325,64],{"class":63},[53,160327,34196],{"class":273},[53,160329,160330],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160331,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,160333,160334,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354,160356],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160335,1106],{"class":1105},[53,160337,48262],{"class":550},[53,160339,116],{"class":67},[53,160341,2578],{"class":550},[53,160343,116],{"class":67},[53,160345,236],{"class":112},[53,160347,4721],{"class":67},[53,160349,5770],{"class":63},[53,160351,84],{"class":71},[53,160353,159052],{"class":75},[53,160355,72],{"class":71},[53,160357,1120],{"class":67},[53,160359,160360,160362,160364,160366,160369,160371],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,160361,7435],{"class":131},[53,160363,116],{"class":67},[53,160365,72],{"class":71},[53,160367,160368],{"class":75},"It is an int",[53,160370,72],{"class":71},[53,160372,125],{"class":67},[20,160374,160375],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160377,160378],{},"Better options:",[44,160380,160382],{"className":46,"code":160381,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160383,160384,160392,160396,160416],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160385,160386,160388,160390],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160387,1801],{"class":59},[53,160389,64],{"class":63},[53,160391,34196],{"class":273},[53,160393,160394],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160395,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,160397,160398,160400,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412,160414],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160399,132],{"class":131},[53,160401,116],{"class":67},[53,160403,2578],{"class":550},[53,160405,116],{"class":67},[53,160407,236],{"class":112},[53,160409,3021],{"class":67},[53,160411,5770],{"class":63},[53,160413,44633],{"class":550},[53,160415,125],{"class":67},[53,160417,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426,160428,160430,160432],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,160419,132],{"class":131},[53,160421,116],{"class":67},[53,160423,48233],{"class":131},[53,160425,116],{"class":67},[53,160427,236],{"class":112},[53,160429,81],{"class":67},[53,160431,44633],{"class":550},[53,160433,1377],{"class":67},[20,160435,772],{},[44,160437,160438],{"className":46,"code":3864,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,160439,160440,160444],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160441,160442],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160443,3340],{"class":938},[53,160445,160446],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160447,3340],{"class":938},[20,160449,160450,160451,160453],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160452,44162],{}," is the more useful check.",[39,160455,2185],{"id":2184},[20,160457,14093,160458,191],{},[15,160459,1655],{},[193,160461,160462,160472,160481,160490],{},[196,160463,7785,160464,160466,160467,160471],{},[15,160465,1655],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[464,160468,160469],{"href":7586},[15,160470,2313],{}," always returns a string",[196,160473,838,160474,160476,160477,10458,160479],{},[15,160475,1655],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160478,1539],{},[15,160480,159052],{},[196,160482,7785,160483,43986,160486,160489],{},[15,160484,160485],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160487,160488],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[196,160491,160492],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160494,160495,160496,37],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[464,160497,160499],{"href":160498},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160501,143827],{},[44,160503,160505],{"className":46,"code":160504,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160506,160507,160521,160531,160545,160555],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160508,160509,160511,160513,160515,160517,160519],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160510,132],{"class":131},[53,160512,116],{"class":67},[53,160514,2578],{"class":550},[53,160516,116],{"class":67},[53,160518,236],{"class":112},[53,160520,1377],{"class":67},[53,160522,160523,160525,160527,160529],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160524,132],{"class":131},[53,160526,116],{"class":67},[53,160528,236],{"class":112},[53,160530,125],{"class":67},[53,160532,160533,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160534,132],{"class":131},[53,160536,116],{"class":67},[53,160538,41134],{"class":131},[53,160540,116],{"class":67},[53,160542,236],{"class":112},[53,160544,1377],{"class":67},[53,160546,160547,160549,160551,160553],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,160548,31506],{"class":131},[53,160550,116],{"class":67},[53,160552,2578],{"class":550},[53,160554,125],{"class":67},[53,160556,160557,160559,160561,160563],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,160558,33726],{"class":131},[53,160560,116],{"class":67},[53,160562,236],{"class":112},[53,160564,125],{"class":67},[20,160566,160567],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[39,160569,1187],{"id":1186},[599,160571,4501,160573,4504],{"id":160572},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160574,1655],{},[20,160576,160577,160578,1540,160580,1540,160582,1544,160584,160586,160587,37],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160579,2801],{},[15,160581,1539],{},[15,160583,7460],{},[15,160585,8189],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160588,159049],{},[599,160590,14263,160592,56563,160594,1222],{"id":160591},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160593,1655],{},[15,160595,44162],{},[20,160597,45722,160598,160600,160601,160603],{},[15,160599,1655],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160602,44162],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[599,160605,4517,160607,160610,160611,1222],{"id":160606},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160608,160609],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160612,2801],{},[20,160614,28417,160615,160617,160618,1219,160620,159711],{},[15,160616,2313],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160619,2233],{},[15,160621,2239],{},[599,160623,1234,160625,160627],{"id":160624},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160626,1655],{}," create classes?",[20,160629,160630,160631,37],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160632,160633],{},"type(object)",[39,160635,1244],{"id":1243},[193,160637,160638,160642,160648,160654,160658,160664,160670],{},[196,160639,160640],{},[464,160641,44154],{"href":48336},[196,160643,160644],{},[464,160645,2934,160646,2867],{"href":159890},[15,160647,44162],{},[196,160649,160650],{},[464,160651,2934,160652,2867],{"href":7586},[15,160653,2313],{},[196,160655,160656],{},[464,160657,8426],{"href":8348},[196,160659,160660],{},[464,160661,2934,160662,2867],{"href":2230},[15,160663,2233],{},[196,160665,160666],{},[464,160667,2934,160668,2867],{"href":2236},[15,160669,2239],{},[196,160671,160672],{},[464,160673,2934,160674,2867],{"href":41530},[15,160675,47041],{},[1276,160677,160678],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":160680},[160681,160682,160684,160685,160686,160688,160690,160692,160694,160701,160702,160712],{"id":2967,"depth":104,"text":2968},{"id":159055,"depth":104,"text":160683},"What the type() function does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":121129,"depth":104,"text":121130},{"id":159413,"depth":104,"text":160687},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159719,"depth":104,"text":160689},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":159895,"depth":104,"text":160691},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160045,"depth":104,"text":160693},"When to use type()",{"id":24711,"depth":104,"text":24712,"children":160695},[160696,160698,160700],{"id":160194,"depth":128,"text":160697},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160254,"depth":128,"text":160699},"input() returns str",{"id":160310,"depth":128,"text":160311},{"id":2184,"depth":104,"text":2185},{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":160703},[160704,160706,160708,160710],{"id":160572,"depth":128,"text":160705},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160591,"depth":128,"text":160707},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160606,"depth":128,"text":160709},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160624,"depth":128,"text":160711},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":158889,"description":160713},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160719,"title":160720,"body":160721,"description":163200,"extension":1312,"meta":163201,"navigation":383,"path":163202,"seo":163203,"stem":163204,"__hash__":163205},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160722,"toc":163157},[160723,160728,160733,160742,160744,160844,160846,160871,160876,160881,160897,160900,160902,160904,160929,160932,160935,161018,161020,161069,161072,161194,161196,161269,161273,161276,161390,161392,161418,161420,161441,161446,161450,161455,161458,161562,161564,161581,161590,161593,161680,161682,161693,161698,161704,161709,161715,161718,161811,161813,161862,161868,161871,161972,161974,162027,162032,162036,162039,162138,162140,162179,162182,162187,162189,162194,162198,162311,162315,162412,162416,162504,162506,162523,162527,162650,162656,162662,162668,162673,162676,162703,162707,162709,162803,162806,162810,162813,162900,162903,162938,162940,162977,162980,162988,162993,162998,163072,163079,163081,163086,163089,163095,163098,163104,163109,163115,163120,163124,163127,163129,163154],[10,160724,2934,160726,2938],{"id":160725},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160727,63679],{},[20,160729,160730,160732],{},[15,160731,63679],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160734,160735,160736,160738,160739,160741],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160737,63679],{}," inside a ",[15,160740,5319],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[39,160743,42],{"id":41},[44,160745,160747],{"className":46,"code":160746,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160748,160749,160781,160801,160805,160830],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160750,160751,160753,160755,160757,160759,160761,160763,160765,160767,160769,160771,160773,160775,160777,160779],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160752,4353],{"class":59},[53,160754,64],{"class":63},[53,160756,2982],{"class":67},[53,160758,72],{"class":71},[53,160760,12244],{"class":75},[53,160762,72],{"class":71},[53,160764,81],{"class":67},[53,160766,84],{"class":71},[53,160768,35296],{"class":75},[53,160770,72],{"class":71},[53,160772,81],{"class":67},[53,160774,84],{"class":71},[53,160776,35305],{"class":75},[53,160778,72],{"class":71},[53,160780,2995],{"class":67},[53,160782,160783,160785,160787,160789,160791,160793,160795,160797,160799],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160784,4422],{"class":59},[53,160786,64],{"class":63},[53,160788,2982],{"class":67},[53,160790,12861],{"class":273},[53,160792,81],{"class":67},[53,160794,12866],{"class":273},[53,160796,81],{"class":67},[53,160798,28276],{"class":273},[53,160800,2995],{"class":67},[53,160802,160803],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160804,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,160806,160807,160809,160811,160813,160815,160817,160820,160822,160824,160826,160828],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,160808,5319],{"class":1105},[53,160810,35347],{"class":59},[53,160812,81],{"class":67},[53,160814,4464],{"class":59},[53,160816,1067],{"class":1105},[53,160818,160819],{"class":131}," zip",[53,160821,116],{"class":67},[53,160823,4397],{"class":112},[53,160825,81],{"class":67},[53,160827,4469],{"class":112},[53,160829,7709],{"class":67},[53,160831,160832,160834,160836,160838,160840,160842],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,160833,7435],{"class":131},[53,160835,116],{"class":67},[53,160837,7032],{"class":112},[53,160839,81],{"class":67},[53,160841,130107],{"class":112},[53,160843,125],{"class":67},[20,160845,772],{},[44,160847,160849],{"className":46,"code":160848,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,160850,160851,160857,160864],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160852,160853,160855],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160854,133126],{"class":59},[53,160856,32490],{"class":273},[53,160858,160859,160862],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160860,160861],{"class":59},"Ben ",[53,160863,32495],{"class":273},[53,160865,160866,160869],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160867,160868],{"class":59},"Cara ",[53,160870,32500],{"class":273},[20,160872,174,160873,160875],{},[15,160874,63679],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[39,160877,183,160879,186],{"id":160878},"what-zip-does",[15,160880,63679],{},[193,160882,160883,160888,160891,160894],{},[196,160884,160885,160887],{},[15,160886,63679],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[196,160889,160890],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[196,160892,160893],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[196,160895,160896],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,160898,160899],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[39,160901,217],{"id":216},[20,160903,6581],{},[44,160905,160907],{"className":46,"code":160906,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,160908,160909],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160910,160911,160913,160915,160918,160920,160923,160925,160927],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160912,63749],{"class":131},[53,160914,116],{"class":67},[53,160916,160917],{"class":112},"iterable1",[53,160919,81],{"class":67},[53,160921,160922],{"class":112}," iterable2",[53,160924,81],{"class":67},[53,160926,33808],{"class":131},[53,160928,125],{"class":67},[20,160930,160931],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,160933,160934],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[44,160936,160938],{"className":46,"code":160937,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,160939,160940,160960,160992,160996],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,160941,160942,160944,160946,160948,160950,160952,160954,160956,160958],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,160943,266],{"class":59},[53,160945,64],{"class":63},[53,160947,2982],{"class":67},[53,160949,274],{"class":273},[53,160951,81],{"class":67},[53,160953,279],{"class":273},[53,160955,81],{"class":67},[53,160957,284],{"class":273},[53,160959,2995],{"class":67},[53,160961,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984,160986,160988,160990],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,160963,620],{"class":59},[53,160965,64],{"class":63},[53,160967,2982],{"class":67},[53,160969,72],{"class":71},[53,160971,464],{"class":75},[53,160973,72],{"class":71},[53,160975,81],{"class":67},[53,160977,84],{"class":71},[53,160979,637],{"class":75},[53,160981,72],{"class":71},[53,160983,81],{"class":67},[53,160985,84],{"class":71},[53,160987,646],{"class":75},[53,160989,72],{"class":71},[53,160991,2995],{"class":67},[53,160993,160994],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,160995,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,160997,160998,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,160999,132],{"class":131},[53,161001,116],{"class":67},[53,161003,7460],{"class":550},[53,161005,116],{"class":67},[53,161007,63749],{"class":131},[53,161009,116],{"class":67},[53,161011,291],{"class":112},[53,161013,81],{"class":67},[53,161015,69455],{"class":112},[53,161017,2267],{"class":67},[20,161019,772],{},[44,161021,161023],{"className":46,"code":161022,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161024,161025],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161026,161027,161029,161031,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049,161051,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065,161067],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161028,21095],{"class":67},[53,161030,274],{"class":273},[53,161032,81],{"class":67},[53,161034,165],{"class":71},[53,161036,464],{"class":75},[53,161038,156],{"class":71},[53,161040,8602],{"class":67},[53,161042,8605],{"class":67},[53,161044,300],{"class":273},[53,161046,81],{"class":67},[53,161048,165],{"class":71},[53,161050,637],{"class":75},[53,161052,156],{"class":71},[53,161054,8602],{"class":67},[53,161056,8605],{"class":67},[53,161058,1412],{"class":273},[53,161060,81],{"class":67},[53,161062,165],{"class":71},[53,161064,646],{"class":75},[53,161066,156],{"class":71},[53,161068,8618],{"class":67},[20,161070,161071],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[44,161073,161075],{"className":46,"code":161074,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161076,161077,161109,161129,161163,161167],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161078,161079,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091,161093,161095,161097,161099,161101,161103,161105,161107],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161080,4353],{"class":59},[53,161082,64],{"class":63},[53,161084,2982],{"class":67},[53,161086,72],{"class":71},[53,161088,12244],{"class":75},[53,161090,72],{"class":71},[53,161092,81],{"class":67},[53,161094,84],{"class":71},[53,161096,35296],{"class":75},[53,161098,72],{"class":71},[53,161100,81],{"class":67},[53,161102,84],{"class":71},[53,161104,35305],{"class":75},[53,161106,72],{"class":71},[53,161108,2995],{"class":67},[53,161110,161111,161113,161115,161117,161119,161121,161123,161125,161127],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161112,4422],{"class":59},[53,161114,64],{"class":63},[53,161116,2982],{"class":67},[53,161118,12861],{"class":273},[53,161120,81],{"class":67},[53,161122,12866],{"class":273},[53,161124,81],{"class":67},[53,161126,28276],{"class":273},[53,161128,2995],{"class":67},[53,161130,161131,161134,161136,161138,161140,161142,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154,161156,161159,161161],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161132,161133],{"class":59},"grades ",[53,161135,64],{"class":63},[53,161137,2982],{"class":67},[53,161139,72],{"class":71},[53,161141,21599],{"class":75},[53,161143,72],{"class":71},[53,161145,81],{"class":67},[53,161147,84],{"class":71},[53,161149,29953],{"class":75},[53,161151,72],{"class":71},[53,161153,81],{"class":67},[53,161155,84],{"class":71},[53,161157,161158],{"class":75},"B+",[53,161160,72],{"class":71},[53,161162,2995],{"class":67},[53,161164,161165],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,161166,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,161168,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161192],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,161170,132],{"class":131},[53,161172,116],{"class":67},[53,161174,7460],{"class":550},[53,161176,116],{"class":67},[53,161178,63749],{"class":131},[53,161180,116],{"class":67},[53,161182,4397],{"class":112},[53,161184,81],{"class":67},[53,161186,4469],{"class":112},[53,161188,81],{"class":67},[53,161190,161191],{"class":112}," grades",[53,161193,2267],{"class":67},[20,161195,772],{},[44,161197,161199],{"className":46,"code":161198,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161200,161201],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161202,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161204,21095],{"class":67},[53,161206,156],{"class":71},[53,161208,12244],{"class":75},[53,161210,156],{"class":71},[53,161212,81],{"class":67},[53,161214,19254],{"class":273},[53,161216,81],{"class":67},[53,161218,165],{"class":71},[53,161220,21599],{"class":75},[53,161222,156],{"class":71},[53,161224,8602],{"class":67},[53,161226,8605],{"class":67},[53,161228,156],{"class":71},[53,161230,35296],{"class":75},[53,161232,156],{"class":71},[53,161234,81],{"class":67},[53,161236,12866],{"class":273},[53,161238,81],{"class":67},[53,161240,165],{"class":71},[53,161242,29953],{"class":75},[53,161244,156],{"class":71},[53,161246,8602],{"class":67},[53,161248,8605],{"class":67},[53,161250,156],{"class":71},[53,161252,35305],{"class":75},[53,161254,156],{"class":71},[53,161256,81],{"class":67},[53,161258,28276],{"class":273},[53,161260,81],{"class":67},[53,161262,165],{"class":71},[53,161264,161158],{"class":75},[53,161266,156],{"class":71},[53,161268,8618],{"class":67},[39,161270,161272],{"id":161271},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161274,161275],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[44,161277,161279],{"className":46,"code":161278,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161280,161281,161313,161333,161337,161361],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161282,161283,161285,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161284,4353],{"class":59},[53,161286,64],{"class":63},[53,161288,2982],{"class":67},[53,161290,72],{"class":71},[53,161292,12244],{"class":75},[53,161294,72],{"class":71},[53,161296,81],{"class":67},[53,161298,84],{"class":71},[53,161300,35296],{"class":75},[53,161302,72],{"class":71},[53,161304,81],{"class":67},[53,161306,84],{"class":71},[53,161308,35305],{"class":75},[53,161310,72],{"class":71},[53,161312,2995],{"class":67},[53,161314,161315,161317,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161316,4422],{"class":59},[53,161318,64],{"class":63},[53,161320,2982],{"class":67},[53,161322,12861],{"class":273},[53,161324,81],{"class":67},[53,161326,12866],{"class":273},[53,161328,81],{"class":67},[53,161330,28276],{"class":273},[53,161332,2995],{"class":67},[53,161334,161335],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161336,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,161338,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,161340,5319],{"class":1105},[53,161342,35347],{"class":59},[53,161344,81],{"class":67},[53,161346,4464],{"class":59},[53,161348,1067],{"class":1105},[53,161350,160819],{"class":131},[53,161352,116],{"class":67},[53,161354,4397],{"class":112},[53,161356,81],{"class":67},[53,161358,4469],{"class":112},[53,161360,7709],{"class":67},[53,161362,161363,161365,161367,161369,161371,161373,161375,161377,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,161364,7435],{"class":131},[53,161366,116],{"class":67},[53,161368,21648],{"class":1415},[53,161370,72],{"class":75},[53,161372,153],{"class":273},[53,161374,7032],{"class":112},[53,161376,21657],{"class":273},[53,161378,161379],{"class":75}," scored ",[53,161381,153],{"class":273},[53,161383,84879],{"class":112},[53,161385,21657],{"class":273},[53,161387,72],{"class":75},[53,161389,125],{"class":67},[20,161391,772],{},[44,161393,161395],{"className":46,"code":161394,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161396,161397,161404,161411],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161398,161399,161402],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161400,161401],{"class":59},"Ana scored ",[53,161403,32490],{"class":273},[53,161405,161406,161409],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161407,161408],{"class":59},"Ben scored ",[53,161410,32495],{"class":273},[53,161412,161413,161416],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161414,161415],{"class":59},"Cara scored ",[53,161417,32500],{"class":273},[20,161419,44287],{},[193,161421,161422,161431,161434],{},[196,161423,161424,161427,161428],{},[15,161425,161426],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161429,161430],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[196,161432,161433],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[196,161435,161436,594,161438,161440],{},[15,161437,7032],{},[15,161439,84879],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161442,161443,161444,37],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[464,161445,68972],{"href":68971},[39,161447,161449],{"id":161448},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161451,161452,161454],{},[15,161453,63679],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161456,161457],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[44,161459,161461],{"className":46,"code":161460,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161462,161463,161504,161520,161524,161548],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161464,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477,161479,161481,161483,161485,161487,161489,161491,161493,161495,161497,161500,161502],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161466,4353],{"class":59},[53,161468,64],{"class":63},[53,161470,2982],{"class":67},[53,161472,72],{"class":71},[53,161474,12244],{"class":75},[53,161476,72],{"class":71},[53,161478,81],{"class":67},[53,161480,84],{"class":71},[53,161482,35296],{"class":75},[53,161484,72],{"class":71},[53,161486,81],{"class":67},[53,161488,84],{"class":71},[53,161490,35305],{"class":75},[53,161492,72],{"class":71},[53,161494,81],{"class":67},[53,161496,84],{"class":71},[53,161498,161499],{"class":75},"Dan",[53,161501,72],{"class":71},[53,161503,2995],{"class":67},[53,161505,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516,161518],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161507,4422],{"class":59},[53,161509,64],{"class":63},[53,161511,2982],{"class":67},[53,161513,12861],{"class":273},[53,161515,81],{"class":67},[53,161517,12866],{"class":273},[53,161519,2995],{"class":67},[53,161521,161522],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161523,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,161525,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,161527,5319],{"class":1105},[53,161529,35347],{"class":59},[53,161531,81],{"class":67},[53,161533,4464],{"class":59},[53,161535,1067],{"class":1105},[53,161537,160819],{"class":131},[53,161539,116],{"class":67},[53,161541,4397],{"class":112},[53,161543,81],{"class":67},[53,161545,4469],{"class":112},[53,161547,7709],{"class":67},[53,161549,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,161551,7435],{"class":131},[53,161553,116],{"class":67},[53,161555,7032],{"class":112},[53,161557,81],{"class":67},[53,161559,130107],{"class":112},[53,161561,125],{"class":67},[20,161563,772],{},[44,161565,161567],{"className":46,"code":161566,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161568,161569,161575],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161570,161571,161573],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161572,133126],{"class":59},[53,161574,32490],{"class":273},[53,161576,161577,161579],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161578,160861],{"class":59},[53,161580,32495],{"class":273},[20,161582,1639,161583,594,161586,161589],{},[15,161584,161585],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161587,161588],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161591,161592],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[44,161594,161596],{"className":46,"code":161595,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161597,161598,161638,161654,161658],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161599,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608,161610,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161628,161630,161632,161634,161636],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161601,4353],{"class":59},[53,161603,64],{"class":63},[53,161605,2982],{"class":67},[53,161607,72],{"class":71},[53,161609,12244],{"class":75},[53,161611,72],{"class":71},[53,161613,81],{"class":67},[53,161615,84],{"class":71},[53,161617,35296],{"class":75},[53,161619,72],{"class":71},[53,161621,81],{"class":67},[53,161623,84],{"class":71},[53,161625,35305],{"class":75},[53,161627,72],{"class":71},[53,161629,81],{"class":67},[53,161631,84],{"class":71},[53,161633,161499],{"class":75},[53,161635,72],{"class":71},[53,161637,2995],{"class":67},[53,161639,161640,161642,161644,161646,161648,161650,161652],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161641,4422],{"class":59},[53,161643,64],{"class":63},[53,161645,2982],{"class":67},[53,161647,12861],{"class":273},[53,161649,81],{"class":67},[53,161651,12866],{"class":273},[53,161653,2995],{"class":67},[53,161655,161656],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161657,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,161659,161660,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,161661,132],{"class":131},[53,161663,116],{"class":67},[53,161665,10528],{"class":131},[53,161667,116],{"class":67},[53,161669,4397],{"class":112},[53,161671,8602],{"class":67},[53,161673,37739],{"class":131},[53,161675,116],{"class":67},[53,161677,15749],{"class":112},[53,161679,1377],{"class":67},[20,161681,772],{},[44,161683,161685],{"className":46,"code":161684,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"4 2\n",[15,161686,161687],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161688,161689,161691],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161690,1858],{"class":273},[53,161692,44946],{"class":273},[20,161694,161695,161696,37],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161697,63679],{},[39,161699,91470,161701,161703],{"id":161700},"converting-zip-output",[15,161702,63679],{}," output",[20,161705,28417,161706,161708],{},[15,161707,63679],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[599,161710,174,161712],{"id":161711},"use-listzip",[15,161713,161714],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161716,161717],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[44,161719,161721],{"className":46,"code":161720,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161722,161723,161755,161775,161779,161801],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161724,161725,161727,161729,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751,161753],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161726,4353],{"class":59},[53,161728,64],{"class":63},[53,161730,2982],{"class":67},[53,161732,72],{"class":71},[53,161734,12244],{"class":75},[53,161736,72],{"class":71},[53,161738,81],{"class":67},[53,161740,84],{"class":71},[53,161742,35296],{"class":75},[53,161744,72],{"class":71},[53,161746,81],{"class":67},[53,161748,84],{"class":71},[53,161750,35305],{"class":75},[53,161752,72],{"class":71},[53,161754,2995],{"class":67},[53,161756,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767,161769,161771,161773],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161758,4422],{"class":59},[53,161760,64],{"class":63},[53,161762,2982],{"class":67},[53,161764,12861],{"class":273},[53,161766,81],{"class":67},[53,161768,12866],{"class":273},[53,161770,81],{"class":67},[53,161772,28276],{"class":273},[53,161774,2995],{"class":67},[53,161776,161777],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161778,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,161780,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795,161797,161799],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,161782,8584],{"class":59},[53,161784,64],{"class":63},[53,161786,21913],{"class":550},[53,161788,116],{"class":67},[53,161790,63749],{"class":131},[53,161792,116],{"class":67},[53,161794,4397],{"class":112},[53,161796,81],{"class":67},[53,161798,4469],{"class":112},[53,161800,1377],{"class":67},[53,161802,161803,161805,161807,161809],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,161804,132],{"class":131},[53,161806,116],{"class":67},[53,161808,8631],{"class":112},[53,161810,125],{"class":67},[20,161812,772],{},[44,161814,161816],{"className":46,"code":161815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,161817,161818],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161819,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161821,21095],{"class":67},[53,161823,156],{"class":71},[53,161825,12244],{"class":75},[53,161827,156],{"class":71},[53,161829,81],{"class":67},[53,161831,19254],{"class":273},[53,161833,8602],{"class":67},[53,161835,8605],{"class":67},[53,161837,156],{"class":71},[53,161839,35296],{"class":75},[53,161841,156],{"class":71},[53,161843,81],{"class":67},[53,161845,12866],{"class":273},[53,161847,8602],{"class":67},[53,161849,8605],{"class":67},[53,161851,156],{"class":71},[53,161853,35305],{"class":75},[53,161855,156],{"class":71},[53,161857,81],{"class":67},[53,161859,28276],{"class":273},[53,161861,8618],{"class":67},[599,161863,174,161865],{"id":161864},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,161866,161867],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,161869,161870],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[44,161872,161874],{"className":46,"code":161873,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,161875,161876,161908,161936,161940,161962],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161877,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902,161904,161906],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161879,16601],{"class":59},[53,161881,64],{"class":63},[53,161883,2982],{"class":67},[53,161885,72],{"class":71},[53,161887,7032],{"class":75},[53,161889,72],{"class":71},[53,161891,81],{"class":67},[53,161893,84],{"class":71},[53,161895,8667],{"class":75},[53,161897,72],{"class":71},[53,161899,81],{"class":67},[53,161901,84],{"class":71},[53,161903,9776],{"class":75},[53,161905,72],{"class":71},[53,161907,2995],{"class":67},[53,161909,161910,161912,161914,161916,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,161911,3183],{"class":59},[53,161913,64],{"class":63},[53,161915,2982],{"class":67},[53,161917,72],{"class":71},[53,161919,12244],{"class":75},[53,161921,72],{"class":71},[53,161923,81],{"class":67},[53,161925,8674],{"class":273},[53,161927,81],{"class":67},[53,161929,84],{"class":71},[53,161931,15391],{"class":75},[53,161933,72],{"class":71},[53,161935,2995],{"class":67},[53,161937,161938],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,161939,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,161941,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,161943,12563],{"class":59},[53,161945,64],{"class":63},[53,161947,8539],{"class":550},[53,161949,116],{"class":67},[53,161951,63749],{"class":131},[53,161953,116],{"class":67},[53,161955,16282],{"class":112},[53,161957,81],{"class":67},[53,161959,3245],{"class":112},[53,161961,1377],{"class":67},[53,161963,161964,161966,161968,161970],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,161965,132],{"class":131},[53,161967,116],{"class":67},[53,161969,16666],{"class":112},[53,161971,125],{"class":67},[20,161973,772],{},[44,161975,161977],{"className":46,"code":161976,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,161978,161979],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,161980,161981,161983,161985,161987,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007,162009,162011,162013,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023,162025],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,161982,153],{"class":67},[53,161984,156],{"class":71},[53,161986,7032],{"class":75},[53,161988,156],{"class":71},[53,161990,191],{"class":67},[53,161992,165],{"class":71},[53,161994,12244],{"class":75},[53,161996,156],{"class":71},[53,161998,81],{"class":67},[53,162000,165],{"class":71},[53,162002,8667],{"class":75},[53,162004,156],{"class":71},[53,162006,191],{"class":67},[53,162008,8674],{"class":273},[53,162010,81],{"class":67},[53,162012,165],{"class":71},[53,162014,9776],{"class":75},[53,162016,156],{"class":71},[53,162018,191],{"class":67},[53,162020,165],{"class":71},[53,162022,15391],{"class":75},[53,162024,156],{"class":71},[53,162026,101],{"class":67},[20,162028,162029,162030,37],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[464,162031,30440],{"href":30439},[599,162033,162035],{"id":162034},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162037,162038],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[44,162040,162042],{"className":46,"code":162041,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162043,162044,162068,162084,162088,162106,162110,162124],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162045,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162047,4353],{"class":59},[53,162049,64],{"class":63},[53,162051,2982],{"class":67},[53,162053,72],{"class":71},[53,162055,12244],{"class":75},[53,162057,72],{"class":71},[53,162059,81],{"class":67},[53,162061,84],{"class":71},[53,162063,35296],{"class":75},[53,162065,72],{"class":71},[53,162067,2995],{"class":67},[53,162069,162070,162072,162074,162076,162078,162080,162082],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162071,4422],{"class":59},[53,162073,64],{"class":63},[53,162075,2982],{"class":67},[53,162077,12861],{"class":273},[53,162079,81],{"class":67},[53,162081,12866],{"class":273},[53,162083,2995],{"class":67},[53,162085,162086],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162087,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162089,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162091,8584],{"class":59},[53,162093,64],{"class":63},[53,162095,160819],{"class":131},[53,162097,116],{"class":67},[53,162099,4397],{"class":112},[53,162101,81],{"class":67},[53,162103,4469],{"class":112},[53,162105,125],{"class":67},[53,162107,162108],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162109,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162111,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,162113,132],{"class":131},[53,162115,116],{"class":67},[53,162117,7460],{"class":550},[53,162119,116],{"class":67},[53,162121,8631],{"class":112},[53,162123,1377],{"class":67},[53,162125,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,162127,132],{"class":131},[53,162129,116],{"class":67},[53,162131,7460],{"class":550},[53,162133,116],{"class":67},[53,162135,8631],{"class":112},[53,162137,1377],{"class":67},[20,162139,772],{},[44,162141,162143],{"className":46,"code":162142,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162144,162145,162175],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162146,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162148,21095],{"class":67},[53,162150,156],{"class":71},[53,162152,12244],{"class":75},[53,162154,156],{"class":71},[53,162156,81],{"class":67},[53,162158,19254],{"class":273},[53,162160,8602],{"class":67},[53,162162,8605],{"class":67},[53,162164,156],{"class":71},[53,162166,35296],{"class":75},[53,162168,156],{"class":71},[53,162170,81],{"class":67},[53,162172,12866],{"class":273},[53,162174,8618],{"class":67},[53,162176,162177],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162178,37650],{"class":67},[20,162180,162181],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162183,162184,162185,37],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[464,162186,4495],{"href":4947},[39,162188,40400],{"id":40399},[20,162190,162191,162192,37],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162193,63679],{},[599,162195,162197],{"id":162196},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[44,162199,162201],{"className":46,"code":162200,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162202,162203,162235,162255,162259,162283],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162204,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162206,4353],{"class":59},[53,162208,64],{"class":63},[53,162210,2982],{"class":67},[53,162212,72],{"class":71},[53,162214,12244],{"class":75},[53,162216,72],{"class":71},[53,162218,81],{"class":67},[53,162220,84],{"class":71},[53,162222,35296],{"class":75},[53,162224,72],{"class":71},[53,162226,81],{"class":67},[53,162228,84],{"class":71},[53,162230,35305],{"class":75},[53,162232,72],{"class":71},[53,162234,2995],{"class":67},[53,162236,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162238,4422],{"class":59},[53,162240,64],{"class":63},[53,162242,2982],{"class":67},[53,162244,12861],{"class":273},[53,162246,81],{"class":67},[53,162248,12866],{"class":273},[53,162250,81],{"class":67},[53,162252,28276],{"class":273},[53,162254,2995],{"class":67},[53,162256,162257],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162258,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162260,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271,162273,162275,162277,162279,162281],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162262,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162264,35347],{"class":59},[53,162266,81],{"class":67},[53,162268,4464],{"class":59},[53,162270,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162272,160819],{"class":131},[53,162274,116],{"class":67},[53,162276,4397],{"class":112},[53,162278,81],{"class":67},[53,162280,4469],{"class":112},[53,162282,7709],{"class":67},[53,162284,162285,162287,162289,162291,162293,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162286,7435],{"class":131},[53,162288,116],{"class":67},[53,162290,21648],{"class":1415},[53,162292,72],{"class":75},[53,162294,153],{"class":273},[53,162296,7032],{"class":112},[53,162298,21657],{"class":273},[53,162300,21660],{"class":75},[53,162302,153],{"class":273},[53,162304,84879],{"class":112},[53,162306,21657],{"class":273},[53,162308,72],{"class":75},[53,162310,125],{"class":67},[599,162312,162314],{"id":162313},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[44,162316,162318],{"className":46,"code":162317,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162319,162320,162352,162376,162380,162402],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162321,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330,162332,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344,162346,162348,162350],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162323,16601],{"class":59},[53,162325,64],{"class":63},[53,162327,2982],{"class":67},[53,162329,72],{"class":71},[53,162331,12014],{"class":75},[53,162333,72],{"class":71},[53,162335,81],{"class":67},[53,162337,84],{"class":71},[53,162339,7032],{"class":75},[53,162341,72],{"class":71},[53,162343,81],{"class":67},[53,162345,84],{"class":71},[53,162347,15181],{"class":75},[53,162349,72],{"class":71},[53,162351,2995],{"class":67},[53,162353,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162355,3183],{"class":59},[53,162357,64],{"class":63},[53,162359,2982],{"class":67},[53,162361,45949],{"class":273},[53,162363,81],{"class":67},[53,162365,84],{"class":71},[53,162367,12244],{"class":75},[53,162369,72],{"class":71},[53,162371,81],{"class":67},[53,162373,3276],{"class":938},[53,162375,2995],{"class":67},[53,162377,162378],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162379,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162381,162382,162384,162386,162388,162390,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162383,8534],{"class":59},[53,162385,64],{"class":63},[53,162387,8539],{"class":550},[53,162389,116],{"class":67},[53,162391,63749],{"class":131},[53,162393,116],{"class":67},[53,162395,16282],{"class":112},[53,162397,81],{"class":67},[53,162399,3245],{"class":112},[53,162401,1377],{"class":67},[53,162403,162404,162406,162408,162410],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162405,132],{"class":131},[53,162407,116],{"class":67},[53,162409,8573],{"class":112},[53,162411,125],{"class":67},[599,162413,162415],{"id":162414},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[44,162417,162419],{"className":46,"code":162418,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162420,162421,162441,162461,162465,162490],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162422,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162424,80017],{"class":59},[53,162426,64],{"class":63},[53,162428,2982],{"class":67},[53,162430,1684],{"class":273},[53,162432,81],{"class":67},[53,162434,7155],{"class":273},[53,162436,81],{"class":67},[53,162438,7160],{"class":273},[53,162440,2995],{"class":67},[53,162442,162443,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162444,80038],{"class":59},[53,162446,64],{"class":63},[53,162448,2982],{"class":67},[53,162450,1684],{"class":273},[53,162452,81],{"class":67},[53,162454,8674],{"class":273},[53,162456,81],{"class":67},[53,162458,7160],{"class":273},[53,162460,2995],{"class":67},[53,162462,162463],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162464,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162466,162467,162469,162471,162473,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486,162488],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162468,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162470,56245],{"class":59},[53,162472,81],{"class":67},[53,162474,162475],{"class":59}," b ",[53,162477,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162479,160819],{"class":131},[53,162481,116],{"class":67},[53,162483,110994],{"class":112},[53,162485,81],{"class":67},[53,162487,80081],{"class":112},[53,162489,7709],{"class":67},[53,162491,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162493,7435],{"class":131},[53,162495,116],{"class":67},[53,162497,1908],{"class":112},[53,162499,4046],{"class":63},[53,162501,1913],{"class":112},[53,162503,125],{"class":67},[20,162505,772],{},[44,162507,162509],{"className":46,"code":162508,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162510,162511,162515,162519],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162512,162513],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162514,3340],{"class":938},[53,162516,162517],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162518,3401],{"class":938},[53,162520,162521],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162522,3340],{"class":938},[599,162524,162526],{"id":162525},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[44,162528,162530],{"className":46,"code":162529,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162531,162532,162567,162590,162594,162621],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162533,162534,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162554,162556,162558,162560,162563,162565],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162535,162536],{"class":59},"products ",[53,162538,64],{"class":63},[53,162540,2982],{"class":67},[53,162542,72],{"class":71},[53,162544,24495],{"class":75},[53,162546,72],{"class":71},[53,162548,81],{"class":67},[53,162550,84],{"class":71},[53,162552,162553],{"class":75},"Pen",[53,162555,72],{"class":71},[53,162557,81],{"class":67},[53,162559,84],{"class":71},[53,162561,162562],{"class":75},"Bag",[53,162564,72],{"class":71},[53,162566,2995],{"class":67},[53,162568,162569,162571,162573,162575,162578,162580,162583,162585,162588],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162570,82407],{"class":59},[53,162572,64],{"class":63},[53,162574,2982],{"class":67},[53,162576,162577],{"class":273},"12.5",[53,162579,81],{"class":67},[53,162581,162582],{"class":273}," 1.2",[53,162584,81],{"class":67},[53,162586,162587],{"class":273}," 25.0",[53,162589,2995],{"class":67},[53,162591,162592],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162593,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162595,162596,162598,162600,162602,162605,162607,162609,162611,162614,162616,162619],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162597,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162599,24556],{"class":59},[53,162601,81],{"class":67},[53,162603,162604],{"class":59}," price ",[53,162606,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162608,160819],{"class":131},[53,162610,116],{"class":67},[53,162612,162613],{"class":112},"products",[53,162615,81],{"class":67},[53,162617,162618],{"class":112}," prices",[53,162620,7709],{"class":67},[53,162622,162623,162625,162627,162629,162631,162633,162635,162637,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162624,7435],{"class":131},[53,162626,116],{"class":67},[53,162628,21648],{"class":1415},[53,162630,72],{"class":75},[53,162632,153],{"class":273},[53,162634,26364],{"class":112},[53,162636,21657],{"class":273},[53,162638,162639],{"class":75}," costs $",[53,162641,153],{"class":273},[53,162643,24504],{"class":112},[53,162645,21657],{"class":273},[53,162647,72],{"class":75},[53,162649,125],{"class":67},[20,162651,35954,162652,37],{},[464,162653,162655],{"href":162654},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[39,162657,162659,162660],{"id":162658},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162661,63679],{},[599,162663,838,162665,162667],{"id":162664},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162666,63679],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162669,162670,162672],{},[15,162671,63679],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162674,162675],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[44,162677,162679],{"className":46,"code":162678,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162680,162681],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162682,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162684,132],{"class":131},[53,162686,116],{"class":67},[53,162688,10528],{"class":131},[53,162690,116],{"class":67},[53,162692,110994],{"class":112},[53,162694,8602],{"class":67},[53,162696,37739],{"class":131},[53,162698,116],{"class":67},[53,162700,80304],{"class":112},[53,162702,1377],{"class":67},[599,162704,162706],{"id":162705},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162708,68195],{},[44,162710,162712],{"className":46,"code":162711,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162713,162714,162750,162754,162767,162777,162781,162793],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162715,162716,162718,162720,162722,162724,162726,162728,162730,162732,162734,162736,162738,162740,162742,162744,162746,162748],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162717,8584],{"class":59},[53,162719,64],{"class":63},[53,162721,160819],{"class":131},[53,162723,2341],{"class":67},[53,162725,274],{"class":273},[53,162727,81],{"class":67},[53,162729,279],{"class":273},[53,162731,17420],{"class":67},[53,162733,2982],{"class":67},[53,162735,72],{"class":71},[53,162737,464],{"class":75},[53,162739,72],{"class":71},[53,162741,81],{"class":67},[53,162743,84],{"class":71},[53,162745,637],{"class":75},[53,162747,72],{"class":71},[53,162749,3248],{"class":67},[53,162751,162752],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162753,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162755,162756,162758,162760,162762,162765],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162757,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162759,5322],{"class":59},[53,162761,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162763,162764],{"class":59}," pairs",[53,162766,1120],{"class":67},[53,162768,162769,162771,162773,162775],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162770,7435],{"class":131},[53,162772,116],{"class":67},[53,162774,22664],{"class":112},[53,162776,125],{"class":67},[53,162778,162779],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162780,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162782,162783,162785,162787,162789,162791],{"class":55,"line":2760},[53,162784,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162786,5322],{"class":59},[53,162788,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162790,162764],{"class":59},[53,162792,1120],{"class":67},[53,162794,162795,162797,162799,162801],{"class":55,"line":5777},[53,162796,7435],{"class":131},[53,162798,116],{"class":67},[53,162800,22664],{"class":112},[53,162802,125],{"class":67},[20,162804,162805],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[599,162807,162809],{"id":162808},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,162811,162812],{},"This is correct:",[44,162814,162816],{"className":46,"code":162815,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162817,162818,162842,162858,162862,162886],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162819,162820,162822,162824,162826,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162821,4353],{"class":59},[53,162823,64],{"class":63},[53,162825,2982],{"class":67},[53,162827,72],{"class":71},[53,162829,12244],{"class":75},[53,162831,72],{"class":71},[53,162833,81],{"class":67},[53,162835,84],{"class":71},[53,162837,35296],{"class":75},[53,162839,72],{"class":71},[53,162841,2995],{"class":67},[53,162843,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162845,4422],{"class":59},[53,162847,64],{"class":63},[53,162849,2982],{"class":67},[53,162851,12861],{"class":273},[53,162853,81],{"class":67},[53,162855,12866],{"class":273},[53,162857,2995],{"class":67},[53,162859,162860],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,162861,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,162863,162864,162866,162868,162870,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,162865,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162867,35347],{"class":59},[53,162869,81],{"class":67},[53,162871,4464],{"class":59},[53,162873,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162875,160819],{"class":131},[53,162877,116],{"class":67},[53,162879,4397],{"class":112},[53,162881,81],{"class":67},[53,162883,4469],{"class":112},[53,162885,7709],{"class":67},[53,162887,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898],{"class":55,"line":411},[53,162889,7435],{"class":131},[53,162891,116],{"class":67},[53,162893,7032],{"class":112},[53,162895,81],{"class":67},[53,162897,130107],{"class":112},[53,162899,125],{"class":67},[20,162901,162902],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[44,162904,162906],{"className":46,"code":162905,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,162907,162908,162928],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162909,162910,162912,162914,162916,162918,162920,162922,162924,162926],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162911,5319],{"class":1105},[53,162913,5322],{"class":59},[53,162915,1067],{"class":1105},[53,162917,160819],{"class":131},[53,162919,116],{"class":67},[53,162921,4397],{"class":112},[53,162923,81],{"class":67},[53,162925,4469],{"class":112},[53,162927,7709],{"class":67},[53,162929,162930,162932,162934,162936],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162931,7435],{"class":131},[53,162933,116],{"class":67},[53,162935,22664],{"class":112},[53,162937,125],{"class":67},[20,162939,772],{},[44,162941,162943],{"className":46,"code":162942,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,162944,162945,162961],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,162946,162947,162949,162951,162953,162955,162957,162959],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,162948,116],{"class":67},[53,162950,156],{"class":71},[53,162952,12244],{"class":75},[53,162954,156],{"class":71},[53,162956,81],{"class":67},[53,162958,19254],{"class":273},[53,162960,125],{"class":67},[53,162962,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,162964,116],{"class":67},[53,162966,156],{"class":71},[53,162968,35296],{"class":75},[53,162970,156],{"class":71},[53,162972,81],{"class":67},[53,162974,12866],{"class":273},[53,162976,125],{"class":67},[20,162978,162979],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[599,162981,7785,162983,162985,162986],{"id":162982},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,162984,63679],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,162987,35104],{},[20,162989,174,162990,162992],{},[15,162991,63679],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,162994,174,162995,162997],{},[15,162996,35104],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[44,162999,163000],{"className":46,"code":35273,"language":48,"meta":49,"style":49},[15,163001,163002,163034,163038,163058],{"__ignoreMap":49},[53,163003,163004,163006,163008,163010,163012,163014,163016,163018,163020,163022,163024,163026,163028,163030,163032],{"class":55,"line":56},[53,163005,4353],{"class":59},[53,163007,64],{"class":63},[53,163009,2982],{"class":67},[53,163011,72],{"class":71},[53,163013,12244],{"class":75},[53,163015,72],{"class":71},[53,163017,81],{"class":67},[53,163019,84],{"class":71},[53,163021,35296],{"class":75},[53,163023,72],{"class":71},[53,163025,81],{"class":67},[53,163027,84],{"class":71},[53,163029,35305],{"class":75},[53,163031,72],{"class":71},[53,163033,2995],{"class":67},[53,163035,163036],{"class":55,"line":104},[53,163037,384],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":383},[53,163039,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048,163050,163052,163054,163056],{"class":55,"line":128},[53,163041,5319],{"class":1105},[53,163043,35176],{"class":59},[53,163045,81],{"class":67},[53,163047,35324],{"class":59},[53,163049,1067],{"class":1105},[53,163051,35186],{"class":131},[53,163053,116],{"class":67},[53,163055,4397],{"class":112},[53,163057,7709],{"class":67},[53,163059,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070],{"class":55,"line":406},[53,163061,7435],{"class":131},[53,163063,116],{"class":67},[53,163065,35201],{"class":112},[53,163067,81],{"class":67},[53,163069,35347],{"class":112},[53,163071,125],{"class":67},[20,163073,163074,163075,37],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[464,163076,2934,163077,2867],{"href":91382},[15,163078,35104],{},[39,163080,1187],{"id":1186},[599,163082,4501,163084,4504],{"id":163083},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163085,63679],{},[20,163087,163088],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[599,163090,1191,163092,163094],{"id":163091},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163093,63679],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163096,163097],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[599,163099,163101,163102,1222],{"id":163100},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163103,63679],{},[20,163105,163106,163107,37],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163108,161714],{},[599,163110,163112,163113,1222],{"id":163111},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163114,63679],{},[20,163116,127472,163117,163119],{},[15,163118,161867],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[599,163121,163123],{"id":163122},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163125,163126],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[39,163128,1244],{"id":1243},[193,163130,163131,163136,163142,163146,163150],{},[196,163132,163133],{},[464,163134,163135],{"href":162654},"How to use zip in Python",[196,163137,163138],{},[464,163139,2934,163140,2867],{"href":91382},[15,163141,35104],{},[196,163143,163144],{},[464,163145,4575],{"href":4947},[196,163147,163148],{},[464,163149,69048],{"href":68971},[196,163151,163152],{},[464,163153,31614],{"href":30439},[1276,163155,163156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":49,"searchDepth":104,"depth":104,"links":163158},[163159,163160,163162,163163,163164,163165,163173,163179,163188,163199],{"id":41,"depth":104,"text":42},{"id":160878,"depth":104,"text":163161},"What zip() does",{"id":216,"depth":104,"text":217},{"id":161271,"depth":104,"text":161272},{"id":161448,"depth":104,"text":161449},{"id":161700,"depth":104,"text":163166,"children":163167},"Converting zip() output",[163168,163170,163172],{"id":161711,"depth":128,"text":163169},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":161864,"depth":128,"text":163171},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162034,"depth":128,"text":162035},{"id":40399,"depth":104,"text":40400,"children":163174},[163175,163176,163177,163178],{"id":162196,"depth":128,"text":162197},{"id":162313,"depth":128,"text":162314},{"id":162414,"depth":128,"text":162415},{"id":162525,"depth":128,"text":162526},{"id":162658,"depth":104,"text":163180,"children":163181},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163182,163184,163185,163186],{"id":162664,"depth":128,"text":163183},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162705,"depth":128,"text":162706},{"id":162808,"depth":128,"text":162809},{"id":162982,"depth":128,"text":163187},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1186,"depth":104,"text":1187,"children":163189},[163190,163192,163194,163196,163198],{"id":163083,"depth":128,"text":163191},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163091,"depth":128,"text":163193},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163100,"depth":128,"text":163195},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163111,"depth":128,"text":163197},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163122,"depth":128,"text":163123},{"id":1243,"depth":104,"text":1244},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160720,"description":163200},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944977036]